I want to welcome you all to the Cortez Branch Library. You have to remember which library I'm at. My name is Joel Banglin. I'm the branch services coordinator for the San Antonio Public Library, and I want to welcome you to the Cortez Branch Library. This event today is part of our African-American Heritage Month celebration, and we're presenting by means of a video series, a series called Created Equal, which is a series of documentaries that dealt with or recorded the civil rights movements and several different pivotal points in history in the United States history concerning the equality and civil rights in the United States. This program is made possible by our foundation, the San Antonio Public Library Foundation, and they generously secured a grant for us to provide this and also provide the refreshments and the other events that occurred in February. I want to welcome you all again and make sure that if you want to know more about the subject today, please stop by Public Library and make sure to get your library card. How many of you have your card already? If you're new to the library, thank you very much. If you're new to the library, make sure to get a library card. That's the best way to experience all the things that the library has to offer, not just our programs but also our DVDs, our books, magazines, databases, and all the other things that the Public Library shares and builds up on our knowledge. I hope you guys enjoy the snacks and the refreshments that we have today. After the video, we'll only show about 10 to 15 minutes of it. If you'd like to borrow it, you're welcome to do so with your library card. It's a long documentary and far more longer than the time that we allotted for today. So we're only going to show a few minutes of it. The meat of this program, or the main point of this program, is to hear from the first-hand experiences of people who are involved in the freedom rides across the United States. This particular video is called Freedom Riders, and we are fortunate enough to have a participant in that demonstration actually live here in San Antonio, and she'll be speaking today, and a person whose brother was a writer also, and she's going to tell us about her family's experience with his being incarcerated just for riding a bus. Now you might think, why is it so important that we talk about people riding on a bus? This is also different from the event of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. This was a demonstration across the South that challenged the laws of travel and interstate travel. So it was illegal for African American people to get on a bus and go to the state of Florida if they were coming from Texas, for instance. They had to ride a separate bus, and sometimes there weren't even those buses in existence, or those routes in existence. So you can imagine, we have the convenience of being able to travel wherever we want to today, but imagine if you had to be restricted to whatever state you lived in, because there were no buses that you could ride to get on to another state. I hope this helps you think and helps you understand that experience, and please share what you think about our program through our event survey at the end of the program. So I'll go ahead and start some of the video. Again, we're going to show only 15 minutes of it. Enjoy the snacks. You're welcome to keep on getting more snacks while the video is going, and then we'll have our speakers come up to the front. I'll pause it right there so that we have enough time for our speakers to speak and have our panel discussion. This movie is available in the San Antonio Public Library, and you can borrow it with your library card. It is about a two-and-a-half-hour documentary, and we have several copies available for a checkout. I'd like to introduce our moderator for today, Dr. Luana Gray.  She is a historian, did I say her name right? Luana Gray, a historian who specializes in the study of African American women's lives and labors. She is an assistant professor with a joint appointment in the History Department and the Honors College of UTSA. There, in addition to U.S. history courses, she teaches seminars on the construction of race and gender and coordinates the American Studies program. In her first book, We Just Keep Running the Line, Black Women and the South Arkansas Poultry Industry, is scheduled for publication in the fall of 2014 by the LSU Press. I'd like to call up one of our speakers, Patricia Dilworth, is a veteran of the Freedom Riders campaign to integrate public transportation through the South in 1961. She was not even 20 when she left her home in Tucson, Arizona to participate in the historic fight for justice. Only after she had hit the road did she tell her mother and her intention to join the Freedom Rides. Her role in the Freedom Rides of 1961 earned her a 39-day sentence in Parchman Penitentiary. After her release, she participated in an impromptu sit-in when denied service at a segregated eatery. She is a graduate of the licensed vocational nurse program at San Diego Mesa College in San Diego, California. And she went on to earn the Associate of Arts degree at Lassen College in Hurlong, California. Shortly after, she joined the military. Dilworth is a veteran of Operation Dead or Storm, and she retired from the U.S. Army after a career that spanned nearly 25 years. She was awarded the highest peace time commendation, the Legion of Merit, and she resides in San Antonio. Barbara Collins Bowie, Ms. Bowie, is the Executive Director of the JR Bowie III Scholarship Foundation. She was born in Jackson, Mississippi, a city universally regarded as a hotbed of the battle of racial equality. Ms. Bowie was a teen in 1963 when civil rights leader Edgar Evers was assassinated, not far from where she lived. Two years prior, she was stunned when her older brother, Jesse James Davis, was pulled off a bus, beaten by a mob, and sent to the notorious parchment penitentiary for his participation in the Freedom Rides of 1961. She followed in his footsteps, participating in demonstrations across Jackson. For most of her life, she has been committed to helping others first as a licensed vocational nurse and later as a social worker. She is a graduate of Our Lady of the Lake University, and her passion has been advocating for mentally handicapped individuals. She has operated and has a share in establishing assisted living and adult daycare facilities in Alamo City. Thank you and welcome to the Cortez Branch Library, and we anticipate your story. Ms. Dillworth, I understand we had a clip of your brother that we would like to share before you speak. Is it a cute appeal? We're going to show this just real quick. This was an interview from the Express? Yes. At this height, the black water fountain was down lower, so it was telling you to go position. I was angry about that type of situation. Jim Crow was eating at me. That second class citizenship thing just didn't work for me, and I would get into a lot of trouble because of that. When I graduated from high school, I heard about the Freedom Rides. I remember thinking that they would arrive in Jackson because they were scheduled to go from Washington, D.C. to New Orleans. So I thought they would just pass through Jackson, and I said, oh my God, this is something that I want to participate in. And this is a vehicle perhaps to get to me to where I want to go in terms of changing the GMCode status policies. I went to a mass meeting, and I heard two co-workers speak about Freedom Rides. And they said, well, you know, this is a way to change the policies in Mississippi. And I said, well, I'm in, you know, so I agreed to go down and try to integrate the white bus station and triumphant bus station in Jackson, Mississippi. When I walked into that station, there was no fear. There was a lot of anticipation because I didn't know what was going to happen, but I didn't have any fear because I felt this was my opportunity to strike back at GMCode. So I felt pretty good about that, and I knew beforehand that I was going to have to spend 39 days in prison. Once I was arrested, it felt liberating. Like, the chains had fell off of my back and my feet. I felt like a first-class citizen for once in my life. So we were there for, what, 39 days, and there were all kinds of incidents.  We would sing Freedom Songs.  The second command was a guy named, a short white guy named Sergeant Sturdy.  There ain't no freedom here. One night we were singing. And Sergeant Sturdy, each day he was getting angrier and angrier and angrier, and this was building up. This night it exploded. He stopped opening up the cell blocks and bringing them down. Niggas and those white agitators out of here. And they put us in something called a box. It's solitary confinement. It was adequate enough to house maybe two inmates. They put approximately 12 of us in here. Just shelled us in there. And they cut off the ventilation. For the first time, I didn't feel that I was going to lose my life because I couldn't breathe and air that I was breathing in was so hot. So Sergeant Sturdy came down. We say, hey, someone has passed out. We are dying in here. Sergeant Sturdy came down and said, Niggas, I let you out, but you're going to have to say yes sir. And he said, all together on a count of three. One, two, three. You know what we said? Yes sir. What I think most people overlook is that I lived in Jackson at that time. And the Jackson Freedom Riders, the other Freedom Riders came from other states. So when they left prison, they got on airplanes or buses in left town. Jackson Freedom Riders had to stay here. When I walked around my neighborhood, there was two cops known to be brutal to black folks. They would drive up and if I was around, they would slowly walk, slow the car down, keep pace with my skeptics. And they would say, Jesse, James, there was the Freedom Riders.  I never answered them and they never went in further than that. They never tried to physically attack me, but they would let me know. We know where you live and we keep an eye out on you. Anything can happen any day. They never verbally express those things, but that's what was implied. Please welcome our guests again. I'll begin by asking a few questions of you and then we'll open it up to the audience. And I want to say again how much of an honor it is for me to be here. This is something that I get to teach about. It's very central to my teaching the Civil Rights Movement and to actually be with people and to talk to people and hear your experiences for people who've been through it and been so important in it. It's an immeasurable honor and so I'm so glad for your sacrifices and so appreciative because, of course, had it not been for the work of people like you, I would not be where I am. So I know that, especially as a rural Southerner myself. So, Ms. Dilworth, I wanted to ask you first. I was listening to your story. I actually have like a two-prong question. And we saw a lot in the video that people who come from other places, so-called other places, are often accused of being outside agitators. And that was always Southerner's excuse that our Negroes here are happy.  And you were coming from Arizona. So I wanted to ask you first what you thought about or how you kind of challenged this idea that you were an outside agitator, like why it was so important to you. And I also wanted to ask you about what made you go, like especially as such a, you know, from reading your story, such a young woman, not even 20, I'm someone who mothers teenagers and teaches teenagers and people that age every day. And there's such a sense of apathy. I can't imagine anything motivating them like that. So what made you go and how did you deal with, you know, this idea that you are an outside agitator? How did you challenge that kind of idea? Well, the reason I went was where I lived in Tucson, Arizona, we were in the minority. But when I was being brought up, we had no signs or nothing like that. And I saw that bus, do you remember the bus that was burning? And that started me thinking, why?  That's the first thing that I couldn't understand. I had just turned 18 because I was in June and I was arrested July 7th. I didn't consider myself an outside agitator. I went because I could not understand, and to this day I still understand it, why the color of somebody's skin made such a difference in how you're treated didn't make any sense to me. So I went without my parents' permission.  And she said, well, where are you? I said, well, I'm in New Orleans. Why are you in New Orleans? I said, well, Mom, remember that bus? What bus? And I told her about the Great Home Bus. I said, well, I had to go because it didn't make sense to me. And I had to see for myself why and why would they hate me? And I don't even live there, you know? I don't have problems like that. So as far as being an outside, I didn't feel that. I didn't think I was an outsider. I just felt I was going down for a selfish reason initially. And while you were there, did your reasoning change? Like a lot of them seem like they started out very naive like thinking we're not going to need this training. It can't get that bad. I think maybe a lot of people go especially because they're young. You think that nothing can happen to you. Right.  Does that change how you feel or your purpose for being there? No, I don't think. Well, yes, it did change.  And these people don't even know me. Then I got scared. I got really nervous when they took us to Parshman prison because the cells are small. I'm not quite sure how small it was, but I knew it was only for two people. And there were four of us in there with two bunks. So, you know, he had two of us sleeping in the same bed. Not, you know, I slept with somebody's foot and so forth. So then I began to get nervous and towards the end I got sick and they thought I had appendicitis and there was no way. They were going to operate on me down there. There was no way. So, I got out and it ended up being gasping in the light so it wasn't a big deal. But there was no way they were going to do that to me down there. Thank you. Ms. Boy, so whereas Ms. Dilworth was coming from Arizona you were a native of Mississippi. And then I think that creates a different experience because even for someone like me, we see in the film that, you know, Birmingham, they describe Birmingham in the film as like the seat or center of like this racial violence, like, you know, the climax sort of racial violence.  So Birmingham and Alabama is pretty dangerous. I'm from rural Louisiana where things are pretty dangerous but there's this story around Mississippi that Mississippi is like the most southern of all of them. That, you know, it's, if any place exemplifies where it's maybe the worst, even though it's bad everywhere, it's like Mississippi, like even when I was growing up my parents would tell me from rural Louisiana, don't get caught in Mississippi at night, you know. So I guess in a sense I have that same kind of question. Given that you come up in that context where there's so much pressure and so much oppression and I think because Mississippi has such a large black population, not the majority but a large black population, the white people there feel like they have to like really be, you know, forceful because something could happen because of the sheer numbers, how do you make the decision in that kind of atmosphere in this place where it's storied to be the most oppressive place of all, how do you make the choice that, you know, you're going to become an activist, that you're going to fight this Jim Crow system and try to make things better. Because I'm thinking it has to be a lot of fear and, you know, warnings and threats like when your brother was saying like the cops and knowing things that could happen to you, so. It was not a choice. Okay. This was our way of life and I remember Ross Barnett, our governor, said at one time, our Mississippi niggers are content and I want to say to you that for a time we were because there was nothing we could do except just accept what was going on and some of the things that you saw was going on and we lived it. So when this movement started and I know that my brother was really happy because he was going against it, you know, all of our lives and he was an activist even before this started and so when this movement started we all became a part of it because this was what we needed to do to make things better for ourselves and so even though he was older and he was traveling with the freedom riders and going places I was still having problems there because we would walk out of school and we would go, you know, when they would do things at the courthouse students would walk out and go down to the courthouse and do sit-ins. I remember several incidents that we got involved in because we were protesting as well and I want to say, you know, there was like restaurants where, you know, the color as they called us at that time had this particular side and the whites were over here running out of our neighborhood and on the white side, you know, the tables were white tablecloths and the people were being served by waitresses or whatever. There was a wall and there was a window and this side had a few booths and a jukebox and a counter and I'm saying color, okay, the black kids could come in there and all we could do was order hamburgers and french fries or something like that and we could put money in the jukebox and dance but we would have to go to the window and ring a bell for service and so that type of thing, when this movement started, you know, it was just automatic for us to get involved and I remember some of the, you know, my classmates, we finally went on the white side and, you know, we sat at the counter, went in there and sat at the counter and we were asking for service and, you know, at first they just ignored us. Now we knew it was dangerous, you know, we knew they could do anything to us because none of the officials would do anything when the blacks were being beaten or abused but even as kids, you know, we felt we had to do this so we went in there and we were demanding service well, we weren't demanding it, we were just asking.  This is, this was our lives. I think you're both very humble about your bravery both of you have said you said you had to go you told your mom and you had to go and you're saying it wasn't a choice, you had to do it so I think in saying that really you're really humble about how brave you were or, you know, you're feeling for going because there were a lot of people who didn't feel like they had to or who may have felt like they had to who didn't have the courage or who had, so a lot felt like they had too much to lose or whatever so again, I'm just really honored that you're sharing your stories and just really seeing such bravery in your stories I wanted to ask you about both of you speak kind of a being concerned for a collective good about other people and before the panel we talked about how you're the people that you didn't even really know on the bust who felt, you know invested in you and invested in things being right refused to eat because you couldn't be served just to give a short example of that story and for people to go through things like this to ride on a bus together to sit together and well, ask for service to go to prison together to a place like Parchman which has a horrible history particularly for African Americans, you know back into the 19th century what kinds of things create that bond and it seems like sometimes it's almost instantaneous what makes you feel connected to these people and to have that kind of trust that they're not going to run off and leave you by yourself, you know there had to be a lot of trust and I think to a certain extent a kind of love among activists to be able to do that kind of work so what did you feel made that bond strong or how did it grow? I think for me is that we all had the same gold in mind, we were we had one thing that we all wanted to do whether you were black or you were white we wanted to go down we wanted to test the system and it was I don't know how to put it it was just strong and you could say anything to them you could just trust that one another to make sure that nobody was going to be left behind if one went you were all going to go and it wasn't something that was said it was just something that was understood and I think that we all craved that equality and I think we still do I mean we're still today fighting for equality we've made progress but there's a unity in that and even in the difference in our ages and I'd like to say that that bus was 50% white so there are others in Hispanics who want that equality and I think that that's our human right and I feel that we're willing to do just about anything to have that and I think that you guys would feel that way too because of the fact that things are not equal so my next question and then I'll open it to the audience and we can come back if we have time we didn't see the whole film but the story of the Freedom Rides if you don't know is that even after being beaten and bombed and some people hospitalized and the fact that in reality the plan is to go from the Upper South in D.C. through the Deep South to New Orleans they're never on those buses going to make it to New Orleans but even as people are arrested this is a lighter policy rather than beating them there's negotiations with Robert Kennedy in New Orleans itself but they arrest them and they arrest them in all kinds of places and young people keep coming they won't stop there's no turning back so finally what happens is that the Interstate Commerce Commission has to step in and say okay there's already been these two Supreme Court decisions the one in 1946 the Boyden v. Virginia decision in 1960 so we're going to step in and we're going to give these decisions some teeth that's what's going to stop a lot of the segregation on interstate travel but the young people wouldn't stop and even for you as an activist and I think looking at your life stories like how successful you've been and the work that you've done since then and you're still your focus on equality and achieving or whatever what is that spirit that motivates you like why is there this feeling because a lot of people get discouraged I mean you saw mega evers be killed you saw even in the height of the movement you see people like Malcolm X or Martin Luther King be killed you see in a couple years later you see those little girls in Alabama be killed what motivates that spirit where I'm not going to turn back like why do you keep is the name of the famous film how do you keep your eyes on the prize like how do you do that because I want to be free I want to be able to go any place I want to go regardless of my color and I feel that if you set your standards here you could make it because being in the military for 24 years not only was I facing prejudice because of being black but I also was a black female which made what I had to do in the military things not anything wrong but when I went to in seal courses in the army I always always always was in the top 20% of all three of my classes always because I had to show the men that I'm as good as you are I wore a marksmanship excellent marksmanship on my chest I can shoot a m16 as good as you can I can take it apart clean it as good as you can and you're not going to stand in my way because if you do I'm going to run over you so get out of my way and when I came in because you may not know much about the army but you have E139 and I told them when I was being interviewed for a leadership award out of basic training they asked me what I planned to do in the military and I told them when I got out I was going to be a sergeant major and that's exactly what I did so I knew then I was born places and so that's I just want to be free and I want you to be free I want everybody to be able to do whatever it is that they want to do they need to be able to do it well I became an activist very young and sitting out there is my daughter and my grandson and one of the students from the Bowie Foundation after school program my motivation is that I want my grandson I've always wanted kids of I don't know why they call us a different color or whatever but I want any of our kids to be able to say I want to be president and that possibility is there I have been working with kids most of my life and trying to help them find ways to to get over some of the anger find ways of find ways to use things to use to get them through some of the hardships because our kids the minority kids have a hard time because they don't they can aspire to be all that the white kids can aspire to be so I have worked with them and I want so much for them to be able to aspire to be anything they want to be when I was in from elementary school through high school when I graduated I got my transcript one time and really read it and every year they would ask us what do you want to be well I would always say a nurse because the only thing we could aspire to be was either a nurse a teacher you know what I'm saying and so that is too limiting for us I'm motivated to help these kids learn and do the things that they need to do to aspire to be whatever they want to be or whatever anyone else would want to be and so that has kept me you know kind of working with the kids and motivated to and when we get to a point where we have a black president you know I want everybody to feel like hey you know it doesn't matter who you are what color you are look you can be that president and I know my grandson I was working on him since he came out Harvard University because that's where most of the president and at one time he was saying he wanted to be president because that was my dream that not that he would become that but he could say because we couldn't even say it you know so I want to see if anyone in the audience had any questions they want to ask of our distinguished panelists I too serve the military so as you made your decision to go into the military with the service that you have did your experience as a freedom rider give you more passion but more strength to develop through the things you've gone through in the military because I made it and I was an officer and I struggled and I carried for my enlisted people and other military officers who didn't have the courage to stand so did you find you had more courage because of your previous experience so because when you go through just to give you an example of some of the things that happened when we were in this prison I don't know if you remember they showed very briefly those cells and then those windows remember the windows on the building that was like I think like these here that's all we saw while we were in there we saw the cell one time a week and that was to take a shower and the rest of the time we were in our cells very confining very structured and for me in order to do that you have to not let them get in your mind you need to get in their mind and I think that's what the freedom being a freedom writer gave me the courage I think to in fact I know that I could do anything that I really set my mind to because 39 days is a long time to be in a small cell with four other people in that role I don't think we've named it and it was I mean just the sound of those doors I can hear them opening and closing and swinging and all that type of stuff and to know that you aren't free to do what you want to do that's humbling yes did I what? did I what? oh yeah we sung all the time we were like from the radio we used to have these contests among the cells and we all pick out a song now I am the worst singer but we sung in the still of the night by James Brown one of my favorites so yes we sung a lot and it helped we make up songs and all kind of stuff so yes that's a good question coming from a young person especially because one of the things that I do teach about in my civil rights class is the importance of singing and songs so just to interject and then we'll go back to the audience about why the songs were so important how they made you feel or what kind of messages they got across why do you think music was so important to the civil rights? what else were you going to do? you had no paper so you couldn't write nothing you know you ate three times a day and I don't know they must have got cooks from I don't know where they got their cooks from but ooh it was horrible you know you're hungry and days you get this they used to make for breakfast stuff called corn meal mush I never had nothing like that all there was was corn meal and with water it's what it was with eyeballs it was hard corn bread with so much pepper in it like you didn't even need to season nothing because they had already seasoned it for you you know so the only thing you just had to do what you had to do and that's why I think singing and we make up songs you know the past kind of message along you kind of get this little because it reached the next cell with stuff and you go to the bathroom when you had your one shower and we used to have a parade as you walked to the shower with your towel you know anything to just make us laugh and not be so depressed because I wasn't depressed when I was in there I mean we had good conversations but but from Arizona did you know the freedom songs when you got there and did they encourage you and fire you up and Louis in her book was the library that was talking about how when she writes when we wanted to you being in this gym or you were in the paddy wagon and they would motivate themselves by singing these freedom songs did you how did those songs make you at least I like to expand on this gym little fellas question here how did those songs make you feel you know they were happy songs you know we didn't sing sad stuff we sung happy songs and if you go to church you know how you're in the choir and you have the main singer and then you have your background singers you know that's how we taught each other songs because one person would start meeting you know and then we just repeat what basically what they had sung and then they put some words and then we we were like the background singers and I know that my brother would talk about he talked a lot about the songs and he said that you know of course they were being treated so brutally that you know the songs were something that kept them going and I guess it was you know kind of a motivating fact and that was the only thing they could do was the only thing that they had you know that couldn't be taken away from them and so you know with him talking about the guy at the jail or I mean he was very angry that they kept singing and singing and singing because it was showing something that they didn't want you know it was showing that they were in jail but we can be happy we can sing we can be together we can do the whites didn't like that they never liked the songs so that was something and I mean we could sing sometimes you'd be so hoarse from singing you know and we sung a lot a lot it seems like the singing was from what I've seen and studied like a big sort of morale boost in your lowest points like my favorite historical figure is Fannie Lou Hamer I love her for a number of reasons you know she's southern and rural and from the same agricultural background as my grandparents but you know the fact that she had the nerve even after she's been you know kicked out her farm where she'd been sharecropping and beating and all these things and you know she'd go with these young people and she was like you said determined to be free and you know they would look so down at some points and then she'd just break out and song and it's like their whole mood would turn around and she had such a strong turn around and so I think it's just so important which is I'm really glad you asked that question so music is so important and it's part of this movement oh yeah I had two comments the first was thinking about this young man's question and thinking about the songs for me it just well that of course doesn't take me back but it makes me think of slavery and slave speaking they're seeing these their masters are meeting them but they're still seeing these songs and their masters are lifting their strength whether it's weight in the water or not going to let nobody turn me around those songs still empowered you and of course it angered the jailer because it's like I can't break these ends because like what I do they keep on singing and I try to break them mentally but for me it just was a source of that and then my other comment is looking at whether it's freedom writing a children's protest because of course the parents can't protest because they're the economic breadwinners so they'll either lose their jobs or lose their livelihoods but it's so many children it's like my parents would always tell me if you don't stand for something you'll fall for anything and as children as youth you guys stood for something that you couldn't necessarily change the laws by yourself because of course you weren't voting but you knew you had to stand for something but then I look at unfortunately our youth of today who for many reasons seem not to stand for anything or just the wrong things and if so many of them had parents and grandparents that directly connected them to this history they would say well how can I be in a game how can I not vote how can I not go to school if this is what you know my ancestors whether they're black, latino, white this is what my ancestors did for me and they're to not aspire to do better so those are things that just you know come to my mind and I want to make a comment about that in regard to parents because when the freedom riders were arrested and they were treated so badly I was out there you know with parents who you know our parents really did not want us to get involved in this and that was because of two things I believe one is that they had come from a slavery time when it was so bad you know and now just like Ross Barnett the governor was saying there was a contentment because it was a little bit better and also because they knew that this was dangerous because prior to that you know of course blacks were being killed and there was nothing anybody could do you could walk and see your brother or your mother or what hanging and you couldn't say anything you couldn't do anything you know and so I'm thinking that they didn't want us involved because of the fear that we were going to be hurt and of course there was houses being bombed and all kinds of things going on around us or you know and like I said when Medgar Evers was killed we all ran up there you know without fear you know we're running up there but there could have been a mob there waiting to just shoot you know or whatever all of us but our parents really although they supported some of the things we did really did not want us involved and I remember my mother was really just kind of really fearful because she didn't know what was going on and my mother was a maid at that time for Millsaps College and but what happened and what she found out is that every time a freedom rider was arrested or whatever their names would be in the news the next day but what happened is that they would put their name their address, their age their school you know all this information in there so when my brother was talking about the police saying to him you know we know where you live you know that was very scary you know because we knew where the possibility was and so I think it was a really hard time for the parents wanting this to happen but not wanting something to happen to the kids because you know what would happen in cocktail and just in that shall I experience the racism as a group of us black students that experienced it it was really blatant and my mother and those parents stepped in and put that out in the public and it was on the radio and this was in the Dallas area in cocktail Texas and I never asked you I didn't really even at that age as a teenager I didn't really know what you went through until growing older and actually paying attention so I'm wondering what you could have possibly thought when you saw your daughter experiencing something that you experienced and this is in like two a time that's so recent to go through almost what you went through I'm wondering what you could have possibly went through your mind and I never really asked you that you know and I'm glad you asked that but at that time there was a lot of frustration today I feel frustration because we have fought battles back in the 60's in the 40's and you know we have fought battles that we continue fighting today and it's so frustrating that we keep going over and over and over and people are saying oh we're much better this is happening racism is we're afraid to call racism racism today and so it's very frustrating because I was fighting for you I was sacrificing for you and my grandson and the kids that I worked with and to see us go continue to go through this it's extremely humiliating and very frustrating and at that particular time in Coppell that was frustrating and but in a sense motivating as well because I knew that I needed to keep fighting and keep teaching the kids and keep you know in the knowledge of what has happened for Martin Luther King we brought you know for freedom riders for panel discussions and we went from we went to we went to Jetson ISD and we went to two of the schools there and another school private school Keystone and I'm telling you those kids were so in awe of the panel the stories and this is something that we need to continue doing we need to keep the history alive so that these kids can have something they can hold on to so that they know that there is a foundation here so that they know that there's something that we need to continue fighting for because it's only a little bit you know but it's still a struggle and so that's that frustration is still there for me my research papers were always centered on I could not learn you know and Booty talks about the summer of 1963 it was the summer before voting they were trying to they were trying to register people voting that was when our next big wave of violence took place in Mississippi well I'm sorry but it's always Mississippi or Birmingham but it wasn't as bad as Mississippi or Birmingham I have to say but do you remember the pressure ramping up of the climate ramping up again and we were approaching 1964 because this is the last ditch effort the vote is the vote is at stake for the African American they are going in trying to sign people some people are so poor and they didn't even know what voting was she said they didn't know the vote was back and the college is coming up a little we don't want to register people freedom of summer was going to be the next year what was the climate that you know was and Moody talked about it being stress school what year was it it 63 64-65 I graduated in 65 and that next year was when the schools were actually integrated and kids were being bused I have classmates who were involved in that but I'm telling you I was so glad that I missed that and there's a real good reason I don't know if we have time for but the teachers we were in black schools and our teachers really really fought to teach us because we didn't have the materials we didn't have the things that we needed so they went through everything they could creatively come up with so that we would learn and during that time it never got better it didn't get better during those years it continued and it was so stressful for everybody because the movement has started and there was no turning back and so we continued the fight and I remember my mother she was a maid from Milsep's college but she was also a maid and she was there and I never rode the city but as kids we walked everywhere but one day where there was one city bus that was used sort of like a school bus in the black area and it would take us to Jackson State University from anywhere and I used to ride that bus and when I would get on it I would sit in the first seat because that's and I was okay so my mother asked me to go with her to clean this professor's house one day the only time she ever asked me that and we had to ride the bus and so when I went there were other maids I know you've seen help I'm real familiar with that but anyway the other maids were standing out there while waiting for the bus so I got on first of course and my mother came to pay so when I got on I did what I had done on the other bus I just sat down in that first long seat well you know okay ask me what happened because you know I'm in the movement I'm in the movement okay so my mother and the other maids got on of course they went all the way to the back and my mother was calling me gal you know she was going like that come on back here I didn't move now in front of me was two whites a white gentleman I hesitate to call him that but anyway and a young lady and then on the other side of me was a white person this guy got up and started calling me nigger was not even bad he was calling me names that I you know that were really really terrible and so the black women in the back they were getting their umbrellas ready they used to carry them you know because you know if he had touched me they were going to beat his butt I'm sure of that but anyway he got down on the step of the of the bus like to get off at the next exit and you know he continued just verbally abusing me so bad but my inclination was to sit there okay although my mom and all the other blacks wanted me to come in the back so it was a very frustrating time you know during those times because you were kind of in between you know what do you do I mean we're fighting for these rights but we're not getting them you know so we have to continue fighting and that's what happened we just continued trying to make it better oh yes I was born in the 70s so again a very different experience you've been from Mississippi you've been from Arizona right I wonder what was the racial climate like here in San Antonio for during that time I mean I don't you two wouldn't know but if there's anyone here that would know you have freedom riding going on you have you know ground versus a board of ed and things are happening in the south but here we are in the southwest there's still segregation but what was it like between blacks, Latinos and whites here during that time by the during this period from a little bit I'm not just from teaching at a new TSA so long having students be interested there are you know very much issues even though San Antonio is one of those cities that tries to desegregate quietly so there might not be the violence that you see in other areas but there's still very much systemic issues like I'll have people tell me you know if you were on the west side or the east side in some places it was like being in their language a third world country because of the lack of paved roads and the lack of you know running water you know still having outhouses and stuff so those kinds of effects where even where there might not be these Jim Crow laws anymore there have been particularly for Latinos in the area you know all these kinds of ways that you can segregate their children like you'll say you'll assume that every child who is you know Latino uses Spanish as the first language well they can't possibly need you know English training so they will put them they have to do the first two years of school in separate classes and then we'll make them do the first two years for four years right so they get behind their white counterparts or whatever even though you know Latinos are by law white they're definitely not treated like white people right but I mean there are still issues like even when I came here to get the job UTSA because there are things that I wanted to get in you know black communities and you know hair care and all those kinds of things where they were very careful in my job to tell me well you know the east side of town is the historically black side of town you know they're very and there had been lots of debate about where my school was built but this is supposed to be a school that's serving the community at large but it's built up there on the northwest side where there aren't many black and brown people and that caused a lot of conflict so there are very much you know those kinds of racial even with the absence of you know these hard deep south Jim Crow laws you can very much see in the way that people are educated track them to certain education their living conditions or whatever you can very much see that there are race issues within San Antonio I'm sorry Texas where there are Latinos or other cultures represented they each all have to deal with their own racism too so don't do anyone the excuse that just because you're another minority group that's you're not racist some people forget that the advancement that the african-american community made that we are actually beneficiaries of that also because at any moment the white community could make us out to be the word color and that actually happened in many of our schools here in Texas where okay so we'll desegregate so we'll put you with these white students who are really Latino with the black students because we are desegregated you still get poor city services but you're desegregated so there was actually a movement in early 70s in Texas and Houston was part of it I know that for Houston I mean nearly the same and I think it was it followed San Antonio's movement where these Latino students moved, stepped out of classrooms because they were getting the same textbooks they weren't getting the same and they were getting the hand-me-down the occasions and so I think many parts of Texas they realized there's a strength and unity in all of these people who are are considered minority to gather and to support each other yet they each have their own agenda we can't we can't be ignorant of that and I think it's things like these in the library where we get a dialogue where we share ideas, where we sportify each other instead of compete for the resources that we gain more understanding I would like to commend you on your preparation you didn't control the San Antonio and you speak in such an authority I mean in such a knowledgeable way I am weird, those of us who are in San Antonio are very we appreciate what you have come to our community and when you are able you immerse yourself in our city in our culture it's a learning process because I come from an area that's dictated by a black white binary I lived in Houston for a while but even then this is my first time having to deal with black white and brown and how has that story unfolded and how has it been the same how has it been different so it's been a learning experience but thank you I will say this San Antonio did have a kind of paternal who do you say paternal who do you say paternal he did there really was no freedom but it was kind of a moderate city like just like you said San Antonio had its problem Joss, he's the lunch counter H.O. Green, no the whole bus lane all that happened they wanted to bring and we have to thank the workers who applied in the 1950s they tried to bring Langston Hughes to San Antonio and the city fathers said no, you're not bringing Langston Hughes we're just not going to let you they appealed how are you going to tell us we can't bring in a speaker who maybe told that no, you're not bringing Langston Hughes Langston Hughes, well communists, no we're not going to let you and that was the end of that they shut that down that was how it was in San Antonio it was crazy and in East Texas it was great, it was even worse so that's our history, that's a lot of black was one of those allies of Martin Luther King and he would conclude if you want to know more about what went on in the 60s the black community the East side and the West side how we existed how we were valid what I would agree or anything, you just might own some of the archives where you will read a lot of things that were going on at the time what was happening with the segregated high school which was illusively or a second college that was the segregated college that you went to so it's quite an interesting history and certainly we're not going to repeat you but there is a lot there so we enjoy your research and the black papers too recently became available at Trinity I'm so excited about that his papers are they're still working through them and getting them cataloged but you can see access to a limited extent wouldn't it be boring? and you're right, they're very definitely punching themselves because my idol is known for saying nobody's free to everybody's free so as long as we're mistreating people or seeing people be mistreated our freedom is not guaranteed good and that's why the struggle continues it continues and our kids need to understand that we're headed out of here and we need to pass the torch we need the kids to understand that you need to take this torch and carry it further because it's not over so that's very important and maybe one last question that's right that is so right so we'd like to thank our panelists again please if the library personnel have anything you want to talk about as a gesture of appreciation the San Antonio Public Library Foundation allowed me to buy some books for you guys to say thank you as a gift for speaking for us today thank you kind of library would I be if I didn't give you a move thank you, I appreciate it I really hope that you enjoyed today's information and that you enjoyed today's program again the videos are available on YouTube which you can use our wifi to access it also is available on DVD for you to borrow with your own library card if you'd like to learn more about the African American experience in the United States we certainly have many books and other materials that are available in our public libraries one last thing please fill out the survey we need to know your input and understand some of the comments that you would like to leave with us to develop and bring to you better and bigger programs again this program was made available by the San Antonio Public Library Foundation and the National NEH the National Education Endowment for Humanities through their created equal art screens so thank you very much and please make sure to see Gamini with the survey and please feel free to have some more refreshments there's plenty of food still thank you


Hey guys, how you doing? This is your boy, Rich from Rich TV Live and you too can join the club at richpicksdaily.com where you can learn how to win and trade. Hey guys, how you doing? This is your boy, Rich from Rich TV Live and I'm here to talk to you about Pampa Metals. Put PM on your radar in Canada, PMMCF on your radar in America, a company that is focused on mining and drilling and exploring for gold and specifically copper in the number one copper country in the world, elephant country for copper, chili. And you're gonna find out about it here exclusively from your boy, Rich from Rich TV Live right here, right now, don't touch that dial. All right, I wanna bring your attention to PampaMetals.com, a junior copper mining company. This is their website, PampaMetals.com and we also have access here to their desktop investor deck, Pampa Metals Corporation, copper and gold in chili and outstanding opportunity for discovery in one of the world's premier mining jurisdictions. So put PampaMetals Corporation on your radar, put on your watch list, full disclosure, Rich TV Live is strictly for information and education purposes, please do your due diligence, do your research before you invest in anything we talk about or discuss here on Rich TV Live. In saying that, we love to discover undervalued, under-appreciated and under-exposed opportunities. PampaMetals is one for you to watch. You can see here, this is a snapshot, copper, one of the greatest growth profiles and demand, supply metrics, gold, one of the most attractive, high value metals, chili, elephant country for major economic copper deposits, people involved, highly experienced team with execution ability and track record. So obviously you need to be working with quality people if you're looking for quality results and projects, portfolio breadth and depth along proven mineral belts of chili, current focus for projects, including two drilled projects, further drilling plan for 2022, April and May, third party expenditure via JV on two additional projects. Drilling continues March to April, 2022, an agreement with technology company, Ver AI Discoveries. Additional targets available, generated by AI. PampaMetals at Clear Vision and Mission Discovery is PampaMetals objective, projects 100% interest in eight exploration projects, 62,000 hectares located along trend for major producing copper mines, potential highly competitive and prospective Greenfield land position, unique for a junior company in chili. Our vision to create value for shareholders and all other stakeholders by making a major copper and or associated gold discovery along the prime mineral belts of chili. Our mission to realize our vision by leveraging an outstanding exploration property portfolio and highly experienced management team. You can see here the board and the management, Paul Gill, the president, CEO and director with 30 years experience and other members as well. With many, many years of experience and the principles of PampaMetals bring big company executive experience with previous experience in BHP, Rio Tinto and Anglo-American successful monetization of junior exploration companies, impeccable knowledge of CU porphyries, copper porphyries, extensive experience in copper, gold, poly-metallic, bauxite, potash, lithium and borits. Multiple decades of experience in Latin America, Chile, Peru, Argentina, Ecuador and Brazil, execution ability and knowledge with capital markets, deep network. Strong metal prices, copper's been on a roll, gold is approaching record highs and are we in a copper super cycle some believe we are going into a copper super cycle.  Now I'm just gonna show you guys some other things that I'm looking at here, like there's chart for example. In the last year, you can see that we've seen them as low as like right around 25 cents and we're right now sitting at 30 cents in Canada. It's been as high as around 60. So I believe there's a huge gap to fill here and a lot of upside potential with not as much downside potential. You can see here in America PMMCF and very similar type charts. You can see here where it's been much, much higher and it's also been a little bit lower and it's just sitting right now at 25 cents. So put them on your radar, put them on your watch list. We also follow them on Facebook. You can see here, this is their Facebook, PampaMetals. Feel free to go and create posts and we also follow them on Twitter. This is their Twitter. You can see their symbol in Canada's PM. In Frankfurt, Germany, it's FIRA, F-I-R-A and in America on the OTC markets under the symbol PMMCF. You can also see them on Instagram and we have 100% ownership in eight projects totaling 58,000 hectares located in a Chilean region dominated by the majors. So always good to know what you're looking into and this is their website once again at PampaMetals.com a unique copper investment opportunity. What is the importance of copper exploration and mining focused on copper and gold, most attractive high value metals, coppers approaching a supply gap and new developments are needed to meet the growing demand. Chile's the world's most premier copper producing region produces one third of the world's copper supply with no other country compares highly competitive and prospective greenfield land position unique for a junior copper exploration company in Chile current focus on advancement of four projects including drilling additional two projects subject to third party spending via option NGJV joint venture, highly experiencing qualified management and board execution ability focused on value and add modernization. You can get all their latest news right here on Rich TV Live and on their website. Just go to latest news. You can see PampaMetals reports IP chargeability anomalies and PampaMetals presents at emerging growth conference. Previous to that PampaMetals completes a 1.136 million first trunks funding. So all of this is available on the website and we showed you a little bit about their team already and why copper and gold, I love copper and I love gold. I don't think I need to really go through that too much on this video. You can see their latest tweets here as well including their investor presentation which I will show you some of their details. You can also sign up about PampaMetals, copper opportunity, current projects, upcoming major milestones and more put in your name, email and phone number. So that is PampaMetals on their website and once again, going through the supply crunch, copper supply crunch, Chile is key. Top 20 copper producing countries in 2022, Chile was 30% of global production. So huge for copper and that's why I believe everyone right now needs to be looking at PampaMetals. Top 10 copper producing companies in 2020, you can see here also listed with their rankings and you can see out of the top 10, eight of them are in Chile. Incredible. Chile, the world's first prolific copper producer, the number one copper producer in the world, 30% of the world copper production, 5.7 MTs of fine copper and more than double second place Peru, 10% of the world production in 2022, three of the world's top five copper mining districts in Northern Atacama Desert, world-class copper rich mineral belts, important gold producer, 1.4 million ounce of refined gold in 2022, 65% produced by product of copper mines. Mining in Chile, mining is Chile's main economic activity, safe to work in, politically, legally and physically stable, big name, multinational and mid-tier mining companies exploring and producing in Chile. Chile is highly productive mineral belts and you can see here PampaMetals, principle mineral belts of Northern Chile where Northern Chile is geologically divided by four North-South coastal parallel mineral belts and you can see here why it is so important. You can see the legend here and you can see the significant gold, silver production from epithermal deposits and porphyry copper production dominates. So there is a lot of potential copper in the zone and you can see the PampaMetals projects. PampaMetals owns 100% of eight projects. These are the eight projects, 62,000 hectares significant unique property holdings located in the heart of Chile's copper belts and it's in desert terrain, easy to moderate access and portfolio approach, large opportunities with multiple targets. And you can see these eight, the Arios, the Block II, the Redondo Veronica, the Block III, Block IV, the Cerro Buenos Aires, the Cerro Blanco and the Mozos Blancos. So those are the eight properties of focus and you can see here more details in the legend for deposits and mineral belts and you can see their progress. So they've made a lot of progress here on a lot of these projects. So they are moving along very, very quickly and efficiently and now into drilling. So you can see here drilling tests completed July to October, 2021. So you can see the projects that they're focusing on. So lots of work being done and PampaMetals JV leverage definitive agreement signed with Astral Gold, AGLD on the Toronto Stock Venture Exchange and AGD in the Australian Exchange. So you can see here the focus on gold and high level litho caps back in for PampaMetals if copper is dominant. Astral Gold is a gold silver producing company, two mines and processing plant in Northern Chile. Work started in August, 2021, drilling continuing at Maros Blancos as of March, 2022. You can see the legend deposits and mineral belts and PampaMetals VAR AI discoveries, definitive agreement signed with VAR AI discoveries, eight additional projects, 18,000 hectares option to PM, PampaMetals VAR AI use AI algorithms to generate targets from regional magnetics data located in similar areas to PM projects, mostly along Palocine Belt and one project in coastal belts. And this is their share structure and cash. It's very important to us to understand the share structure. 47 million shares, issue in outstanding, 62 million shares fully diluted. You can see large shareholders and current cash position of 1.3 million. Investment opportunities, PampaMetals focused on copper and gold, most attractive high value metals. Chile, the world's prime copper producing nation, no other country compares its elephant country for copper and for majors, highly competitive and prospective Greenfield land position unique for junior company in Chile. Current focus on advancement of four projects including drilling, additional two projects the third party spending via option JV, joint venture and additional options over eight AI generated projects owned by VAR AI, highly experiencing qualified management and board, execution ability focused on value ad monetization. This is PampaMetals projects and exploration projects in the Atacama Desert of Northern Chile, technical highlights appendix. This is the PampaMetals exploration model, very detailed breakdown of their exploration model and JV partner focused on gold, silver in a high level litho cap and deep porphyry potential. PampaMetals is exploring for hidden buried, obscured porphyry copper and related gold systems through a combination of geology, geophysics and geochemistry with targeted drilling. This is PampaMetals block four and you can see the summary geology of block four and the ground magnetics for block four, complete with the legend and other targets and ground magnetics of block four, complete with legend and once again, block four trenching magnetics, block four trenching geology detail with the full legend and block four schematic map with a full legend. So everything very detailed, extremely organized and the block four schematic section, west to east, Bonavista and cover targets to east and north. This is the combined geology and overlaying alteration imperative section and this is the PampaMetals Cerro Buenos arrows. So quality projects, this is the summary of the geology with a full legend intact, breaks down the entire property and the drilling focus. This is the Cerro Buenos arrows geophysics and the geology detail, complete with legend. This is the gradient array IP and the approximate limits of co-chiquitin outcrops and soil geochemistry. So they've got it all broken down and extremely organized and IP poll diphole, schematic section and their option with their JV with Ostra Gold, this is the summary geology and the detailed geology and other targets. This is the Redondo Veronica, drilling and section lines at the Redondo Veronica. If you like these videos, I really appreciate it. If you smash the like button, comment down below, share the video everywhere and subscribe. Love to know what you guys think on PampaMetalsCorp. This is the Co-Redondo Norte section. So very detailed, good quality share structure, close to a bottom in an area that is just covered potentially in copper and gold and they're right now in my opinion at the right place, at the right time for investors where we've already identified the price being pretty close to a bottom with a lot of room for upside. So love to know what you guys think of this video. What do you think of PampaMetalsCorp? We can see here, it's really heavily down from its highs and done a little bit of a trend reversal pattern here, doing a little bit of a dip back down. So where do we go from here? So obviously as an investor, that's where you're trying to identify. If we do get it to go back to where it's been, you're going to potentially double your money from these levels and with the price of gold climbing and copper climbing, there's a very good chance we could see some price appreciation in the sector. Love to know what you guys think. This is Rich from Rich2VLive bringing you PampaMetals Corporation. And once again, you can go to their website at PampaMetals.com. This is Rich from Rich2VLive and I'm out.


is now 10 to 7 gonna eat a quick bowl cereal and then we're gonna head off on our truck to see you outside the window there she's island warming up and we're gonna go in get our estimates done our damage on our truck and see what we can get her fixed hopefully we can get her fixed this week that's what I'm hoping for guess we'll find out good morning world sun's coming up oh let's get her done today let's get her down well we got the truck here our first estimate is coming from Peterbilt body shop here in Winnipeg they have a good reputation with a lot of people I know for good body work and good prices so we're gonna go see if the rumors are true and get their estimate and we're taking the truck or getting it taken down whatever you want to call it to the next body shop which is a little further down the road and see what they say of course diesel came with on this adventure oh boy diesel good boy you make this look good doesn't matter if I got a ripped off fender if I got you sitting in my passenger seat right handsome man oh quiet man you're embarrassing me yeah whatever so he came out here took a bunch of pictures of the fender and whatnot and it's gonna get the estimate over to the company and the insurance and then yeah we're gonna go get one more estimate right now so that we have two to go on and we'll take the best one and also how fast they can get me into the shop we'll play a big part in who I choose to go with because I want as little downtime as possible but I mean if they can get me in the shop tomorrow but they're gonna charge me so and so much more you know it's decisions decisions decisions being an adult is all about decisions decisions that affect you and affect your life every day every day so you guys who live with your mom and dad still you're still in school enjoy these days okay cuz once you're on your own everything changes I remember when I was 18 all I wanted to do was get out there on my own move out you know have my own house my own car yeah I'm independent a lot that goes into being independent it took me years to realize that trial and error trial and error I'm so fortunate to have the parents and the family that I do who supported me you know I'd trip I'd fall they'd help me back up then I go and trip and fall over the exact same thing again and then they'd help me back up and say oh try again try again and then I trip and fall again and then they'd be just like come on now no they wouldn't say that Derek's sandblasting and painting limited they're the next candidates will you fix my truck for cheaper so we'll find out I just wanted to talk to them about possibly replacing my bumper with a moose bumper instead of just the regular bumper and it looks like it's a possibility so we'll see I'm a little distracted here though a couple just random things happen to you just you know just random like two random guys just sword fighting in the ditch for no reason we don't know who they are but there's a duel happening yeah I don't know random sword fight okay you got them you got the mechanics over here all watching what are they doing diesel what is this what's on the door me somebody was at my house somebody left something on my door let's find out what it is let's find out what it is I got a goodie bag goodie bag looks like there's some treats in there for me I got a housewarming present welcome to town some of the town's people left me some cakes look look look look look it's got a bowl on it and everything hey that right there oh yeah oh it looks good oh mmm mmm mmm oh good oh yes yes thank you neighbors who's wrong this is I guess I know who this is from I have friends in this town already I need a little friends are you bet man thank you for the nice housewarming present my neighbor said that he saw you here he told me when I got home that hey there was a there was somebody at your house today he keeps an eye on my house you know and I got to the door and yeah there was some some cakes and treats on the door for me little housewarming present cool my name is Troy and I'm 10 years old my grandpa showed me your videos online I watch your videos every day I live in Minnesota have you ever drove through there all the time I love your state it's very much like Manitoba very much even on a map if you look at it on a map Minnesota and Manitoba are even the same shape excuse me who yeah they're even the same shape and the slogans used to be very similar to Minnesota's slogan or on their license plate it says land of 10,000 lakes right well Manitoba and slogan or thing on their flights used to be land of a hundred thousand lakes so it's like the same thing we're just we got a little bit more land but you have more people and my house where I live is actually very close to Minnesota I probably live like half an hour from Minnesota I look very close okay who is this who is this from Swan River name on there Pam sent me a letter here watching my videos and you're moving to the big city good luck in the big city this is she sent me several letters before I don't know if she wants me to read this all out but she says you're a classy guy thank you for all you do smiley face thank you yeah I don't know how much of that she wants me to read talking about her job and stuff but yeah thanks for the letter I did get it I read it and I am thankful for people when they do send me letters take time out of the day do that you know just like I said before it makes me just want to go out there and make another video but guys remember the PO box is closed indefinitely for this time being I don't know when I'm gonna get another PO box that's not on the first or not on the top of my priority list but I do thank you for all the stuff that you guys do send I'll probably open up another one soon I probably will I just don't know when yet I don't have any plans but so the PO box is closed I think it's at the bottom of some of the videos yet but I should really take that out of there I should probably do that right now before I forget so you don't forget this one man thank you very much we got another letter here from Matthew little trucker 89 where are you from where are you from Lyndon North Dakota why you're pretty close to me soon thank you for all your work really enjoy watching you and diesel on a daily basis well thank you and he attached sent me a business card for himself to get all his personal information on it though so I won't show him but thank you very much trucking with a passion since 2014 right on fresh trucker thanks for sending me the letter I enjoy reading them you guys hand write them to which is amazing and I save them all don't worry they don't get thrown away I save every letter and everything you guys ever sent to me it's also you want to see it don't believe me I'll show you look which I always think the white which is over there for some reason hey see if I can find you here for you guys all right guys so we're quickly running into town I'm gonna go to my sister's house my dad's gonna meet us there we got to pick something up yeah there's a tree right there oh what's the more behind you Josh I can't do it why is it tilting I'm just this strong wait what Cheryl said oh yeah this might be a little yeah my other shit also working back here it's not all the way on the way too strong man and it fits drops who uses straps just drive slow yeah I can go over the last time we didn't strap something down ended up on the other side of the freeway it's gonna be professional oh yeah totally totally professional we got dad lining up the shed gonna put it under that tree over there all right so the plan is to put that shed they got a saying right underneath that tree right under here we have a nice little spot for it I just need to build a floor for it eventually yeah for now this will do just for this year until next year on the ground and we can easily lift it up and yeah it's very light or what am I saying it's terribly heavy we're just that strong there you go yeah it's terribly heavy you'd come out with the truth how's that look it's in the right spot yeah hidden in the trees the trees are sort of nice to go around it yeah and I got to build the floor yet anyway though so I'm dead yeah off the level it off next year for now it's fine you can just peek out before they lift up the building a little bit slide underneath there screw it down on it how do we want it we shouldn't catch it there though right no you can throw me a couple of pegs in there somewhere just hold it just in case we have a storm and a tree should shelter it though yeah I'll probably put firewood in here yeah neat firewood to be nice and dry is the only thing is across the earth from the fire pit yeah a little bit of a track maybe you want to move your fire pit something something something something you're singing off to and sit okay diesel quiet you need to learn how to sing better way off tune man hey diesel


Hi Elena, how are you doing? Welcome to our conference, we are very pleased to have you. Thank you. So Elena is doing some very exciting work on using Graphene in a 3D printing product. Elena, so what's new? So as you might know that our company Graphene Laboratories and our website Graphene Supermarket was making Graphene for sale in small quantities for almost six years. And we've been looking for ultimate opportunity to use Graphene for commercial applications and about a year and a half ago we met with one of the professors in Stony Brook University nearby in New York and he's an expert in 3D printing and after we talked to him he convinced us that Graphene might have a lot of applications in 3D printing and after that we started working on materials, like materials for FDM 3D printing so in this case we started with polymer materials and we also started with Graphene nanopowder and after that we used our proprietary technology and mixed Graphene nanopowder with polymers and we can make Graphene-infused filaments for 3D printing and we successfully made first laboratory scale samples and very soon we're going to start selling it at a commercial level. So what is the added value of adding Graphene to the polymers? Is it conductivity? Is it mechanical strength? What is it? Yeah, apparently absolutely right. First of all it's conductivity. So without Graphene polymers do not conduct and there are a few additives which can be added to polymers and they can make materials slightly conductive and by using Graphene we can make it highly conductive and apparently Graphene also improves mechanical properties and also greatly enhances thermal conductivity which is also very important for many practical applications. So bringing conductivity to 3D printing is a challenge and what are the other solutions on the market and how do you think Graphene is better than the other one? At least we tested several different materials which are available right now and usually it's carbon based materials so it's like carbon black or carbon fibers and in this case we can get values by at least two orders of magnitude better if compared to the best products on the market yet. And apparently the long term goal for this project is to combine Graphene and other materials in one print and if you can combine many different materials in one print you can make 3D printable electronics. Excellent, so thank you very much Elena and I hope you enjoy the IDT Case Conference. Thank you.


Three years later and I finally got the shoe. Today we're gonna be unboxing a pair of shoes that I'm excited to finally be able to add to my sneaker collection. And I'm gonna be telling you guys the story about how I got the shoe and why this sneaker has so much value to it. And if you didn't know by now, my name is DJ and this is The DNA Show. On this channel, I love talking about sneakers and especially showing you guys my new pickups. So if you haven't already, consider subscribing and joining the fam. We're on the road to a million subscribers and you could be the next one to get us there. So as you can see right here, this sneaker is from the Dornbaker Freestyle Collection and this is a pair of Jordans. I like to collect each model from each year when they do the special drops. And for those that don't know, Dornbaker is a children's hospital that has been working with kids in Nike to create designs over the years. Been about 10 years now, actually a little bit longer than that. And we've seen a bunch of different releases over the years. In each and every year, they select a group of kids to give the opportunity to design their own pair of shoes and then they end up releasing a limited amount of pairs that are released to the public and then we have the opportunity to purchase those shoes and the money is then put back into the Dornbaker Children's Hospital. So for me, I'm a huge fan of it, especially with it being a hometown thing. It's something that I always love to collect and it just makes so much sense. So now for this pair in particular, these came out in 2019 and I actually wasn't able to purchase them for retail when they came out. Now I'm not a huge fan of paying resell on the Dornbaker Collection in particular just because I'm sure you guys know all the reasons why. But I happened to end up being a meeting with some friends over at Jordan Brand. Next thing you know, I ended up getting a pair for free and I was so happy. The only problem was they weren't in my size. So I actually ended up getting a pair back in late 2020, early 2021, sometime around that time. But I had those and I was sitting on them and I didn't really want to post it yet because I didn't have them in my size and I wanted to be able to, you know, just complete the set in my size so I have the opportunity to wear the shoe someday because I like to wear some of my Dornbaker shoes every now and then, depending on events.  So I looked around for some months and especially with being a size 13, it's a little bit harder to find pairs like this, especially with it being more of a rare sneaker like this, just makes it a little bit harder as well. So time goes by. Next thing you know, I ended up seeing the local consignment shop here, Index Portland, they had a size 13 available. I hit them up and I was like, yo, would you guys be willing to trade? I have a different size, but you know I need a 13 for my collection. They said, sure, no problem. We made the trade, everything was good and I was a happy camper and now I got the shoes. So I'm sure some of you know, but a lot of you are probably wondering what shoe is it? I forgot I haven't opened the box yet. Let's go ahead and show you guys what we got inside. Right here, we have the Dornbaker Air Jordan 14. I love this sneaker and I'm excited to break down all the details, styles, cuts, materials, but we gotta talk about the history first and the meaning behind this shoe and who actually designed it. Ethan Ellis is a young kid that lives right across the water in Vancouver, Washington. Also known as the Speed Demon. And growing up, he had a congenital heart defect. And to go in a little bit deeper than that, he had hypoplastic left heart syndrome. And for those that don't know what that means, cause trust me, I didn't know either. I had to look it up. It essentially means the left side of his heart was underdeveloped. As he was growing up, they thought things might be a little bit better, but over time he continued to have more surgeries and eventually he had to have a heart transplant. So it's safe to say this young man is definitely a fighter and I'm excited to help tell his story through his designs on his sneaker as I give you guys today's review. So let's go ahead and take it to the studio over Creek. I'm gonna show you guys some B-roll shots and explain all the details and aspects of this sneaker. So you guys have a better understanding of why each and everything on this shoe is where it's at and what it means. Starting with the bottom of the foot, you have your classic Air Jordan 14 outsole, but this definitely has a lot of different twists to it. Now the majority of the outsole is gonna be covered in a translucent purple rubber. And then just below that, you're gonna have that pulse beat as you can see a couple of times right here going throughout the middle of the foot. And then on the right foot, you have a purple 14 classic iconic branding when it comes to the Jordan 14s. And then a white 14 on the left foot, which I'll show you how it matches with the upper in a second. Now looking at the center of the foot, you got a purple jump man and then this goldish iridescent type outsole material right there. And as you wrap up to the side of the foot right here, you can see the same materials and coloring, giving you those purples and blues and golds and greens and different things like that. Now going up to the midsole, this is a touch that I really, really love, especially being from the Northwest, it just makes so much sense. You got the raindrops on the midsole right here with the matte black, the two teeth on the front end and then the side right here going around all with those little raindrop speckles, definitely a dope touch and a nice hit to represent this area. Now, one cool thing that I did see on the sample pair that was sold at the auction, those were extremely clean. They had covered in raindrops all throughout the upper and it was kind of reversed from the black to the white version. And that colorway was fire. Let me know what you guys think in the comments section. Like, if they came out with those again, I would not be mad and I would definitely be going after those. Now for the rest of the upper on this shoe in particular, you're gonna have that black newbuck type suede material on the toe and the back end of the foot. And then when it comes to the back end, you got two dope details right here. On the right foot, you have the Jumpman logo with the six. The six represents the amount of times that he had surgery. So that's definitely a very significant and clean touch to the shoe. And on the back of the left foot right here, you have the Seattle Space Needle in white. This is the hospital that he ended up having his heart transplant surgery at. So I'm sure he spent a lot of time there. He has a lot of memories and I think that definitely makes a lot of sense as well. And you'll see that white and the purple kind of align with the upper as we go to the front end when we talk about the laces. So like I was talking about earlier, as you look at the bottom of the outsole, you got the purple on one side, the white on one side when it comes to the white dot. And if you look at the laces, these actually come laced that way to match with the bottom. And then the back of the shoe is that same thing as well. So purple on the back end, purple laces, purple on the bottom, white, white, white on the other side. So on here when it comes to the laces, you're gonna see some text that goes all throughout here. Those are gonna be actually the facilities that he went to to get care during the time when he was having his surgeries and different things like that. So I think that small representation as well with the different laces and the different touches and switching it up and matching with the uppers is also a cool touch. And one thing that I actually just noticed now, the jump man just below that in the purple stitch on the right foot and the white stitch on the left foot. So another cool detail, how they kind of matched that all throughout the uppers on both sides, but they still look same when it comes to the majority of the sneaker on the other coloring. Now looking at the tongue of these two shoes right here, you're gonna have the purple tabs, but on the right foot, it's gonna be in a black text and on the left foot, it's gonna be in a white text. And then behind that, you have the Roman numerals 16 and then it says years old right there for how old he was during this process. And then on the left foot in the white text, it's gonna say little Ray. So essentially little Ray was one of his friends that was at the hospital as well, that had the same heart condition. And I know for him to be able to tell his story through his sneaker is super dope, but for him to actually represent his friend that he had in the hospital as well, I think definitely represents a lot as somebody that this is all focused around you, yet you still wanna show love to the people that's helped you out through your process and the people that went through the same thing as you. So something so small like this on a sneaker may not seem like much, but I bet this had a huge impact on little Ray and his family as well. Now, one part we haven't talked about is this purple reptile like material. Everybody's kind of wondering what that is. It's got that iridescent vibe as well with the kind of green tones in it. These are supposed to represent the TCU horn frogs and everybody knows what the TCU, with their helmets and all the stuff like that over the years we've seen with their dope uniforms and given that purple vibe right here as it's kind of translated throughout the rest of the design of the shoe. Definitely a nice touch and I think they did a really good job when it comes to materials and overall presentation of this coloring and something that we don't typically get to see on our Jordan 14. Now going to the end so right here, this is definitely another dope touch.  So Seattle Super Sonics NBA, Go Raiders, Raiders, I'm assuming NFL and then Go Frogs, College Football. So seeing that he loves sports and loves these teams and different things like that is also a nice touch and a nice representation of him. Cause you know me, I love my sport. So it's always dope to see something like this on the insoles. Yo, if you enjoyed this video and wanna grow your collection or make extra money on the side, I built the VIP mastermind that will teach you everything that I've learned about growing my sneaker collection over the past 15 years. This will also give you access to the DNA fam in my VIP community where we talk about investing outside of sneakers and don't worry. If you don't plan on joining the VIP community, it's okay. I also set up a private DNA fam community that gives you access to all the behind the scenes looks from the studio and multiple chances to win free sneakers and gear from weekly and monthly challenges. So all you need to do is click on the link down below in the description or the first link pinned in the comment section. That will get you set up and into the community. I'm excited to see you guys on the inside. So now a few years have gone by and I finally have the shoe of my collection and I'm definitely a happy camper and I'm excited to always show you guys my new additions to my collections and especially tell dope stories like this behind sneakers like this. So if you guys wanna see anything else and you haven't already, consider subscribing and joining the fam. I love talking about sneakers per usual because this is a shoe channel, right? So I appreciate you guys as always. I'll see you in another one. All right, y'all, I'm out.


The most the Lakers can offer outright is four years, a bit over $50 million. At this point, that's gotta be a lock. Is there gonna be a player option at the end? But then, if you're Austin Reeves, what can you get out in the marketplace? I think more and more teams around the league, teams with cast rates, teams like Houston, San Antonio, you have to look at a guy like that because he's still young enough career-wise that can come in, fit among your group, be a veteran leader to an extent, but still grow and devote with your group. And I think there is a concern to the Lakers that he's gonna get potentially an offer sheet way, way, way higher than 50.


Our ninth presenter is Nicole C. Oval, whose presentation is titled Super Sniffer, Parabolicalinization Needle Mass Spectrometry.  What if I asked you which individual pieces it's made of? You would take it apart and sort each of the pieces into piles. That's what chemical analysis instruments called mass spectrometers do. Except the Lego castle is your sample and instead of sorting Legos by shape and color, it sorts individual atoms and molecules by their mass and charge. This gives us enough information to tell exactly what chemicals are in that sample. Mass spectrometers can only see charged particles which are called ions. So the first thing they do is give a positive or negative charge to each chemical in that sample. The part that does this is called the ion source. However, many ion sources require certain sample preparation steps to be followed, which can be inconvenient, costly in terms of time and materials, and can even chemically change or destroy your sample. To circumvent this, we developed an ion source that allows the mass spectrometer to act as an electronic nose, the super sniffer. The sample simply needs to be held up to the ion source and the mass spectrometer smells it. But it can smell things that we humans cannot smell. For example, you can take a pill, hold it up to the ion source, and immediately identify it as ibuprofen. You can hold your finger up to it and it can smell the caffeine emanating from your skin if you've had a cup of coffee that day. You can even take a dollar bill out of your pocket, scan the edge of it, and it can detect the trace amounts of cocaine that are present on 90% of American paper currency. It works using corona discharge, a highly energetic electrical plasma that emanates from the ultra-sharp, parabolicly shaped tip of a needle that we make in the lab out of inexpensive, commercially available tungsten wire. When molecules emanate from the sample into the air, they're sucked into the mass spectrometer, and on their way they pass through the plasma where they pick up a charge and become ions. We've had the pleasure of using this device in collaborative projects including testing pharmaceuticals that had orbited the Earth with SpaceX and non-destructively analyzing the contents of an ancient Egyptian artifact with the Carnegie Museum of Natural History down the street. This simple and inexpensive device allows us to use mass spectrometry to run sensitive yet non-destructive chemical analyses directly from the air and do so in less than the amount of time it took me to tell you this. Thank you.