So, we start from the idea that arm group governance is extremely common. By the way, I should say this is not about civilian protection or civilian resistance or anything related to this panel. I apologize. It's an important caveat before I launch in here. Yeah, I guess this is probably pretty obvious that it bears no relationship to this panel. So we start from the idea that a variety of arm groups engage in governance. Whether we're talking about rebels, militias, pro-state paramilitary groups, criminal groups, all exercise some form of governance in the territories that they control. Here we have a bunch of different examples. I won't read them out, but basically everything from resolving disputes to arbitrating and mediating problems between neighbors to providing health care education, etc. These groups do this governance in radically different ways, okay? Some displace, destroy, compete with local pre-existing mechanisms for governance, while others cooperate pretty freely with them and actually provide some coercive capacity for those local communal institutions. Others impose these really illiberal policies that seek to restrict freedom of movement, freedom of worship, consumption of drugs, etc. While others adopt kind of rules for participatory engagement that help shape how arm groups are going to govern in territories that they control. So we think that this variation in the ways that arm groups govern are likely to produce long-term consequences for the ways that civilians participate in politics, okay? For a variety of reasons, I'm not going to have a ton of time to talk through the theoretical mechanisms, but here are just some ideas. When arm groups enter a territory and they destroy local mechanisms for governance, this could obviously crowd in state institutions if they decide to work through state institutions. This could crowd in state institutions, but generally we expect that this should shape the way that civilians think about what governors, would-be governors should do, how they should do it, and under what conditions. So we're going to argue in this paper that there are basically two factors we think that are going to affect how civilians engage in politics even after conflict has ended, okay? In particular, we're going to think about the arm group's position to the state. That is, it can either be aligned with the state or it can be against it, right? So here we're thinking principally about pro-state militias, paramilitary groups that are nominally aligned with the state, or rebel groups that are nominally against it and seek to replace the state. And we're going to talk about different governance ideologies, okay? So in particular, whether arm groups adopt shared governance ideologies that seek to work in concert with local communal institutions and other mechanisms for local governance, including civilians, bringing them into governance, or a centralized kind of more top-down rule in which arm groups are interested in displacing, eliminating, or kicking out pre-existing institutional forms, okay? So we're basically interested in explaining variation both in the kinds of formal engagement in politics that civilians undertake. Here we're thinking about state-provided channels. This is things like voting, contacting politicians, and so forth. I'll talk a little bit more about that in a minute. But also informal forms of engagement in politics, and this is things like joining civil society organizations, engaging in protest, and so forth. And we think that this is important, well, because we think it's intrinsically interesting, but also because it has some policy consequences for the health of post-conflict democracies, right? So if arm group governance, for example, radically depresses engagement in democratic avenues, then this is of particular concern for post-conflict stability. And so I'll just very quickly kind of walk through some theoretical expectations, big alarm bells, or at least a warning that we don't find support for all of these hypotheses, and we'll talk about why that is in a minute. But basically, if you think about a 2x2 between whether an arm group is anti-state or pro-state, and if they adopt a shared governance ideology or a centralized one, we've got four boxes. So the first one is an anti-state arm group. This is roughly a rebel group with a shared governance ideology that's really interested in working with local mechanisms for collective action and governance at the local level. Those remain in place. And they're socializing, these arm groups are socializing civilians to reject the legitimacy of formal state institutions. And as a result, we should see something like this, which is protest marches, engagement in non-state forms of collective action. When we, on the other hand, have anti-state arm groups with a centralized governance ideology, we've got this same socialization to reject the legitimacy of state institutions, but the mechanisms for collective action are going to be destroyed, will be replaced. And as a result, you'll see this dude sitting on a couch, and there should be kind of deactivation. We shouldn't expect to see either participation in formal state institutions or in formal state institutions. When we have a state-aligned arm group, these are the paramilitaries and militias with a shared governance ideology. They leave in place mechanisms for engagement in local politics. We have the legitimacy of state formal institutions are reinforced. We should see increased engagement in state, in pro-state mobilization, like voting and contacting politicians and so forth. But we have a capacity for collective action that also remains in place, and so we might see additional informal mobilization as well. And then finally, just for sake of completeness, state-aligned arm groups, militias and paramilitaries with a centralized governance ideology that destroy local mechanisms for governance. We should see this increase in formal participation and no effect or decreased effect on informal participation. And we're going to study this in the context of Colombia, not because not only because that's where I live, but because it's a really interesting place in which, you know, in 2016, the Far Que Pe after more than 50 years of conflict decides to demobilize and leaves behind, you know, really interesting variation in exposure to rebel governance. Paramilitaries had governed. I'll talk about that in a second as well. And you have the creation of what are called pedets, which are areas that are heavily prioritized for implementation in which citizens are given a really muscular role in determining local priorities for peace agreement implementation. Okay, I thought you were going to tell me that I have like two minutes left and I panicked. Okay. What did arm group governance look like in Colombia? This is obviously a radical simplification, but basically insurgents were mostly known for letting pre-existing governance institutions flourish, and they collaborated with those local institutions. This is what Andrés Madagascar calls polycentric governance, what we call shared governance, but basically there was a symbiotic relationship between the Juntas Axon Comunal, these local communal institutions that provide FARC local legitimacy, FARC lends the hacks coercive capacity at the local level. And there's some interesting stuff that we can talk about in the Q&A maybe, but basically this is an anti-state arm group that allows for this polycentric governance, the shared governance to flourish at the local level. Paramilitaries on the other hand, basically sought to eradicate these pre-existing forms of governance at the local level, and they are state aligned. And so we should expect basically that pro-state forms of political participation in the post-conflict period in these areas will continue, will be strengthened, and probably communal forms of organization, participations in NGOs and so forth will be curtailed. Let's talk about the survey.  We're not going to talk about the panel today, we're only going to talk about the 2019 data, but basically this survey is representative at the level of each Pevets, which is each subregion prioritized for implementation of the peace agreement, and here what we're going to do is we're going to measure self-reported past exposure to arm group governance, whether by the FARC, whether by the ELN, whether by paramilitaries, and we're going to connect this to self-reported political participation, okay, to test some of our hypotheses. This just shows the distribution of respondents in our sample. This shows the distribution of responses to arm group governance in our sample. So basically what can we see here? Almost half report actually no arm group governance in their community. We can measure this in a lot of different ways. We do measure this in a lot of different ways. Here it's simply did the FARC, ELN, or paramilitaries ever rule this community? A question for each of those, obviously. We have roughly 38% saying paramilitaries ruled in their community, FARC in about 8.5%. We also ask questions about tax collection, about dispute resolution, and a bunch of other things. I'm just going to use this question for the purposes of this presentation today. Here, this just kind of shows you the geographic distribution of those, of arm group governance in Colombia according to our survey. We don't have a lot of time to talk about the details, but you can see that you have places where the FARC. This is more than 50% of respondents in each given place, responding that the FARC was responsible for arm group governance for governance in their community. This is the ELN, which is a smaller rebel group, and these are the paramilitaries. You can see very clear places where the paramilitaries are overrepresented basically as identified governors of these communities. This just shows you kind of, you may worry that there isn't significant consistency among respondents. If you ask each individual respondent in a given community who ruled you, maybe there isn't a lot of coherence among their responses. All that I'm showing you here, I don't know why that's bouncing up and down. That is frightening. That's not just me, right? It is bouncing. All right. Good. We can just see. What I mean to show you here is that with the FARC, you can very clearly see tremendous consistency within communities and responses to whether FARC governed that community or not. Same goes for paramilitaries. These results are a little bit more suspect. Here we disaggregate by urban areas and rural areas and the ELN. In urban areas, there's quite a bit of disagreement within particular communities about who was ruling. Okay. I see you're getting a number ready, so I should keep moving. This just shows the distribution of reports of kinds of political participation. We've got lots of different ways to measure this, but here's just an index of different forms of political participation, contacting local leaders, politicians, voting in the peace referendum, voting in legislative elections. There's quite a bit of formal participation, quite a bit less informal participation, and what we're going to try to do is connect these self-reported experiences with armed group governance with variation in this kind of political behavior in the post-conflict period. Many, many years later in many cases. We do a bunch of stuff econometrically to try to identify the causal effect of armed group governance. This is going to be really hard. We have no quasi-random exposure to armed group governance. There's nothing of the sort, so we're going to try to soak up some unmeasured heterogeneity in a variety of ways, both at the individual level with some controls, as well as at the community level with municipality fixed effects, and we're going to use population weights to correct for some imbalances in the survey when we're thinking about population size and so forth. Let me just show you kind of what we find. We find increases in informal participation, let's start with informal participation, that can be traced to both insurgent and paramilitary governance. This is surprising, for paramilitary in particular, because we thought that the destruction of local communal institutions at the local level by paramilitaries would depress informal engagement in politics, things like participating in marches, participating in protests, participating in NGOs, and that actually isn't the case, and I'll try to get to in a minute why that might be the case. We do see the expected increase in informal participation for the FARC, this is interesting in places where all groups were reported to have governed together, these are places of chaos, habesian kind of disorder, and we see a radical decrease in informal participation in these places. In terms of formal participation, another surprise, FARC governance actually increased formal participation, I'll get to that in a minute why that is, and we see the expected increase in paramilitary governance associated with increase in formal participation. How do we account for these results which are puzzling? We ask ourselves, have we mischaracterized how armed groups govern? We're not sure, and I'll talk about that in just a second. Is this driven by underlying preferences of communities where armed groups choose to govern? That is, there's a selection process here, in which armed groups select into particular kinds of communities, and this helps explain our results, we don't think that's true, like the existing literature says that armed groups choose what kinds of communities they enter, not due to the underlying political preferences of communities necessarily, but for factors that are kind of orthogonal to that, that have to do with proximity to state resources and natural resources and other things, so we don't think that's what's going on here, we can show econometrically that this actually isn't driven by IDPs or migration because we limit our sample only to those who are from a community, who have not moved into a community or moved out of a community, so these survive those kinds of tests, we know that armed group governance isn't simply measuring victimization because we actually have victimization data that allows us to say this isn't being driven by victimization, and so the question is like why, right? Why do we see FARC governance increasing formal participation? So one interesting thing is that the FARC actually taught civics lessons in places that it governed, and actually it would constantly engage in lessons about how the Colombian government wasn't living up to the Colombian Constitution, and so it could be the case that in the process of socializing local communities into these kinds of civics lessons, they've actually increased expectations about what the state can do and therefore increased engagement in state provided mechanisms for participation. On this one, this is a little bit more puzzling, I think, why does paramilitary governance increase informal participation? One potential mechanism here is that paramilitaries were far more decentralized than the FARC was, and so there could have been just simply more geographic variation in how mid-level commanders decided to either destroy informal institutions or work with them, the existing narrative is that that's not the way it worked, but it could be the case and I'm interested to hear of the folks who really know Colombia in this room if you buy that. So I'm going to kind of wind down here. One important thing to say is armed group governance happens at a very micro level, and normally we don't have data at a really geographically disaggregated level. So at the municipality level, if we measure armed group governance at the municipality level, there's a lot of interesting variation that's being obscured, so that's why we think surveys are actually a really interesting opportunity to do that, but we face all sorts of identification problems of the sort that I've kind of been talking through. I think that the general approach here is to say that we think that armed group governance has an effect not just on preferences but on behavior, political outcomes that survive the end of conflict. So we're talking about it could be a space of 30 years between the armed group governance experienced and when we're measuring these outcomes in the post-conflict period, and interestingly in the places where state authority was most challenged, was most at risk, most at threat, we see both more formal and informal participation. This is actually like a feel-good story in a weird sort of way. If we're interested in engagement in democratic politics. We've got a couple of things that we want to do next. We want to look at how these kind of legacies interact with variation in peace agreement implementation across space. We actually have, through the survey, a lot of data on how the agreement is being implemented, perceptions of that implementation, and then finally what's the relationship between these kinds of legacies in post-conflict stability? So all sorts of outcomes related to crime, violence, armed group governance today. These are interesting questions I think that we haven't fully grappled with. So with that, thanks so much.


Hypertension is a common condition characterized by high blood pressure. It can lead to serious health problems if left untreated. A new study has found that elevated levels of lipoprotein, A, a type of cholesterol, are associated with essential hypertension. The researchers also observed a negative correlation between serum lipoprotein, A, and kidney function, suggesting that lipoprotein, A, could play a role in the development of essential hypertension. Further studies are needed to better understand this relationship.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we will discuss Rational and Exponential Inequalities. First of all let us discuss Rational Inequality. Now Rational Inequality is of the type P upon Q is greater than equal to 0. P upon Q is less than equal to 0.  Now when right hand side of inequality is 0 it is also called standard form of the inequality. Now Rational Inequalities are solved in the same way as we solved quadratic inequalities. The only difference is in the critical numbers we include zeros of the denominator in our list of critical values but we do not include the critical values given by denominator in the solution set because at that value the denominator will be 0 and the function P upon Q will not be defined at that point thus zeros of the denominator are also called descriptions. Now we will follow some steps to find solution set of rational inequality In step 1 write the given inequality in standard form that is we will make the right hand side of the given inequality equal to 0 then in second step find all zero zeros of polynomials P and Q known as critical values then in next step we will plot all zero zeros of polynomials P and Q on the number line Now in step 4 choose test number in each interval of function P upon Q and in step 6 write the solution set Now let us see one example here we have to solve this rational inequality Now let us start with its solution Now to solve this rational inequality we will follow the steps which we have discussed earlier Now in step 1 we have to write the given inequality in standard form but here you can see right inside of the given inequality is 0 thus it is already in standard form Now let us start with step 2 Now the given inequality is in the standard form that is P upon Q is greater than equal to 0 Now in second step we have to find all real zeros of polynomials P and Q that is we have to find all real zeros of numerator and denominator of this fraction Now here polynomial P is equal to x square plus 4x plus 3 and polynomial Q is equal to x square minus 16 Now to find zeros of P and Q we will equate them to 0 and factorize So firstly let us equate P is equal to 0 that is x square plus 4x plus 3 is equal to 0 Now let us factorize it by splitting the middle term so this is x square 3x plus x plus 3 is equal to 0 which implies now from these two terms so it will be x into x plus 3 the whole and from these two terms 1 is common so it will be plus 1 into x plus 3 the whole is equal to 0 which further implies x plus 3 the whole into x plus 1 the whole is equal to 0 So we obtain x is equal to minus 3 or x is equal to minus 1 Now let us put x square minus 16 is equal to 0 So x square minus 16 is equal to 0 implies x square minus 4 square is equal to 0 which further gives x plus 4 the whole into x minus 4 the whole is equal to 0 that is by applying the formula of a square minus b square which is equal to a plus b the whole into a minus b the whole So we have x is equal to minus 4 or x is equal to 4 Thus the critical values are x is equal to minus 4 4 minus 3 and minus 1 So in the second step we have obtained the critical values Now in the third step we will plot these critical values on the number line Now this is the point minus 4 this is the point minus 3 this is the point minus 1 and this is the point 4 Now where you can see that we have used those dots to represent the points minus 3 and minus 1 But open dots to represent the points minus 4 and 4 because minus 4 and 4 are the denominator So they are restrictions and will not be included in solution set So there these open dots represent that these points are not included in the solution set These closed dots represent that the points minus 3 and minus 1 are included in the solution set Now here you can see these 4 points divide the number line into 5 parts So we have 5 intervals First is open interval minus infinity to minus 4 that is this yellow shaded portion of the number line Then this pink shaded portion of the number line gives us the second interval Which is open interval minus 4 to minus 3 Then next interval is open interval minus 3 to minus 1 Then open interval is the open interval minus 1 to 4 The first interval is the open interval 4 to infinity Now in step 4 we will choose first number in each interval of the function p Now let us take the first interval that is the open interval minus infinity to minus 4 Now we can write it as x is less than minus 4 Now let us choose any value lying in this interval So here let us take x is equal to minus 5 that lies in this interval Now let us put x is equal to minus 5 in the given inequality So we have minus 5 whole square plus 4 into minus 5 plus 3 whole upon minus 5 whole square minus 16 is greater than equal to 0 Which implies 25 minus 20 plus 3 whole upon 25 minus 16 is greater than equal to 0 And this implies 8 upon 9 is greater than equal to 0 Which is true So this interval is the solution set of the given inequality Now let us take the second interval that is the open interval minus 4 to minus 3 Or we can write it as minus 4 is less than x is less than minus 3 Now let us take any value lying in this interval So here let us take x is equal to minus 3.5 Now let us put x is equal to minus 3.5 in the given inequality So we have minus 3.5 whole square plus 4 into minus 3.5 plus 3 4 upon minus 3.5 whole square minus 16 is greater than equal to 0 Now on simplifying we get 1.25 upon minus 3.75 is greater than equal to 0 Which is false So this interval is not the solution set of the given inequality Now let us take the next interval that is the open interval minus 3 to minus 1 Or we can write it as minus 3 is less than x is less than minus 1 Now here let us take any value lying in this interval So let us take x is equal to minus 2 Now again let us put x is equal to minus 2 in the given inequality Now when we put x is equal to minus 2 in the given inequality We get 1 upon 12 is greater than equal to 0 Which is true So this interval is the solution set of the given inequality Now let us take the next interval that is the open interval minus 1 to 4 Or we can write it as minus 1 is less than x is less than 4 Now here let us take x is equal to 0 Now when we put x is equal to 0 in the given inequality We get 3 upon minus 16 is greater than equal to 0 Which is false So this interval is not the solution set of the given inequality Now let us take the next interval that is the open interval 4 to infinity Or we can write it as x is greater than 4 Now let us take every value that lies in this interval So here let us take x is equal to 5 Now put x is equal to 5 in the given inequality Now when we put x is equal to 5 in the given inequality We get 48 upon 9 is greater than equal to 0 Which is true So this interval is the solution set of the given inequality Now in the next step we can construct sin chart Now on number 9 we see that in the interval that is the open interval minus infinity to minus 4 We have positive sign for the function e upon q Then in the open interval minus 4 to minus 3 we have negative sign for the function e upon q Now in the open interval minus 3 to minus 1 We have positive sign for the function p upon q Then in the open interval minus 1 to 4 We have negative sign for the function p upon q And in the open interval 4 to infinity We have positive sign for the function p upon q Now in step 6 we have to write the solution set Now here you can see that the function p upon q is positive In the open intervals minus infinity to minus 4 Minus 3 to minus 1 and 4 to infinity So we have these three intervals in the solution set And also we know that the points minus 3 and minus 1 are included in the solution set Because the given inequality is greater than or equal to And also these are That is minus 3 and minus 1 are zeros of numerator So solution set is Open interval minus infinity to minus 4 union Close interval minus 3 to minus 1 union Open interval 4 to infinity Now let us discuss exponential inequality Now we will see how can we solve an exponential inequality graphically Now suppose we have to solve 7 raised to power x is less than 12 for x Now here you can see that the right hand side cannot be written As with same ways 7 Thus we use graph to solve it For using graph calculator we see that this is the graph of the equation y is equal to 7 raised to power x Now here you can see that y is equal to 12 Then x is equal to 1.277 Then x is greater than 1.277 Then y is equal to 7 raised to power x Is also greater than and when x is less than 1.277 Then y is equal to 7 raised to power x Is also less than 12 Thus from graph we have 7 raised to power x is less than 12 x is less than 1.277 Thus solution set is The open interval minus infinity to 1.277 Now suppose we have to solve 7 raised to power x is less than 343 Now here you can see that right hand side Can be written in parts of base 7 Thus we have 7 raised to power x is less than 7 raised to power 3 Now we can equate the parts Because we have same ways Thus x is less than 3 So for x is less than 3 We have 7 raised to power x is less than 343 So its solution set is The open interval minus infinity to 3 So in this session we have discussed Rational and exponential inequalities And this completes our session Hope you all have enjoyed the session


Hello. In a previous video, we talked about how to link to other content out on the web through a hyperlink. In this video, I'm going to take a look at how to link from one page or post in your website to another page or post in your website. Okay. So this is where we're linking from point A to point B all within the library's website. So what I've done here is I'm on a new post. This will also work for pages. But in this case, I'm using a post as an example. And I'm writing a really short post here that just says there's a lot of events coming to the library. Be sure to check out our calendar for a complete schedule of upcoming events. So what I want to do in this case is I want to highlight the word calendar, and I want people to click on calendar to get to our calendar page. Not another calendar out on the web, but the one in our website. So in this case, just as we're linking to any other website, I'm going to go ahead and click on the insert edit link button. And in this case, instead of pasting any URL, I don't have to do that. I could. I could open a new tab, go find that particular calendar page URL and copy and paste it. But there's an easier way to do it. Right here it says or link to existing content. So I'm going to go ahead and click on that. And what is going to show up here as soon as I clean out my search box is a complete list of all of the pages and posts available on my site. Now you can tell which or which by the fact that pages are labeled page and posts are labeled by the date that the post was created. So in this case, I want to link to my calendar page. So I'm going to go ahead and click calendar that automatically puts the URL in for me. I can it also puts in a title for me, which I can remove or edit if I want. I can also if I want to check this open links in a new tab page, all those things are covered in the linking to other websites video. I'm going to go ahead and click add link. And voila, we have a hyperlink there on the word calendar. So I'm going to go ahead and publish that. I am then going to view my post on my live website. And you will see here that we have the word calendar hyperlinked. And if I click on calendar, it takes me to our calendar page. Okay, go ahead and back out. Just as with hyperlinks to other websites, you can edit a link by clicking on it and click the insert edit link button. And you can delete it by clicking on the remove link. Now one other thing I want to show you real quick, which I accidentally showed you already, I'm going to go ahead and edit this. When you do select when you have this list. Now right now this list is pretty short. We've just got four pages and now three blog posts. When you've been doing this for a while, you're going to have maybe about a dozen or so pages and hundreds or eventually even thousands of blog posts. If you can't find the one you're looking for, there is this search box. So as you kind of saw before, if I type in the word kids, this is going to find all pages and posts that have the word kids in it. So eventually if I knew I wrote some sort of blog post about construction three years ago that I want to reference, I could go ahead and search on the word construction. And then in here will bring me up a list of all of the pages and posts that mentioned the word construction. So there we go. That's how you link to other content within your own website. If you have any questions or comments, just go ahead and leave them in the comments below. And thanks for watching.


To log into the IRSC Library's databases, start out at the Library homepage by going to irse.libguides.com. Once you're on the Library homepage, you want to click on Databases by Subject, which is on the right-hand side of your screen. Your borrower ID will be your student number for students, and the borrower ID for employees is your five or six-digit employee PID. The PIN or the password is going to be the four-digit month and day of your birthday for everybody. For example, if your birthday is January 28, your PIN is going to be 0128. Next, click Login. If you are successful at logging in, you will see a list of subjects from which you can choose and find the database that you need. If you encounter any problems with logging into the databases, please email library at irse.edu or call the main library at<PHONE_NUMBER>.


Ysgolwm yn gwneud o'r digwydd i addysg yn dweud i ddarparu ystyried ac yn gennym dangos yn dwyg ryw gwleidio. Erdw'r cwynghionnydd o'r pwyllfa, 4,535, yn rhaniaeth James Dornan, ond y gweithio fy mwy fân o'r wych a llawd. Jeaneampys Dornan o'r pwyllfa, Fywn i ddweud o'r pwyllfa i ddweud i ddweud o'r pwyllfa i ddweud i ddweud o ddweud o'r pwyllfa i ddweud o ddweud o'r pwyllfa, panell,iciwllion ymlongenol, cadwodau sydd yn ei wneud i gwneud rwyfyrddiaeth, Prus-Adamson, i'r adultsiau bryd o'r gwneud i ei gaelwyr i'w prif mennyddiaeth i youngster ar gyfer gwylwyr a'r gymsigol i'r sportwyr, yn y dryfydd honno, ac mae'r cychwyn i'r rhan oherwydd lawer oedd Jeremy Balfour, Mary Fee, Jenny Gilruth yn Tavish Scot. Gael tyfn oedd y bydd ysgol o'r pwyldau gyffredinol, gen i'w cyffredinol yn gwneud, We follow the guidelines to ensure best practice is observed and that the process is fair. On behalf of the panel, I would like to thank Louise Rose, the independent assessor, who oversaw the process and has provided the Parliament with a validation certificate, confirming that the process complied with good practice and that the nomination is on merit after a fair, open and transparent process. I would also like to thank all the children and young people who participated in our survey, who sought their views on the role of the commissioner and the issues that concern them. As members will be aware, the role of the commissioner is to promote and safeguard the rights of children and young people in Scotland. In particular, the commissioner must promote awareness and understanding of the rights of children and young people, keep under review the law, policy and practice relating to the rights of children and young people, promote best practice by service providers and publish research on matters relating to the rights of children and young people. The commissioner is also required to lay before the Parliament an annual report, which is scrutinised by the Education and Skills Committee. The report must include information on any issues that he has identified in relation to the rights of children and young people. The activity that he has undertaken to fulfil his functions, any recommendations arising from his work, and it must also provide an overview of the work to be undertaken in the following year, including how he intends to involve children and young people in his work. I look forward to hearing from the new commissioner in due course about his work and achievements. Turning to our nominee, who is in chamber this afternoon with his family, Bruce Adamson was a unanimous choice of the panel from a strong field of candidates. Bruce is a lawyer who has over 20 years of experience in children's rights. He currently works at the Scottish Human Rights Commission and has been central to the development of law, policy and practice covering the broad spectrum of children's rights. He represents the commission on the UK's national preventive mechanism under convention against torture and has extensive experience inspecting places of detention in Scotland and other countries. Bruce is also a member of the children's panel and has worked directly with vulnerable children and their families, listening to their experiences and making decisions about their safety and wellbeing. The panel believes that Bruce will be an excellent champion for children and young people's rights and will bring to the post energy, enthusiasm and commitment. I am sure that the Parliament will want to wish him every success in his new role. In closing, I think that the Parliament would also wish to thank the outgoing commissioner Tam Bailey and to wish him well for the future. I move the motion. The question will be put as part of decision time. The first question of decision time tonight is at amendment 4576.1, in the name of Dean Lockhart, which seeks to amend motion 4576 in the name of Fiona Hyslop on Inclusive Tourism, be agreed. Are we all agreed? Yes. We are all agreed. The next question is at amendment 4576.2, in the name of Lewis MacDonald, who seeks to amend the motion in the name of Fiona Hyslop, be agreed. Are we all agreed? Yes. We are all agreed. The next question is at amendment 4576.3, in the name of Tavish Scott, which seeks to amend the motion in the name of Fiona Hyslop, be agreed. Are we all agreed? Yes. We are all agreed. The next question is at motion 4576, in the name of Fiona Hyslop, as amended, be agreed. Are we all agreed? Yes. We are all agreed. The final question is at motion 4535, in the name of James Dornan, on the appointment of the commissioner for children and young people in Scotland be agreed? Are we all agreed? Yes. We are agreed. In that case, can I also thank our outgoing commissioner, Tam Bailey, and congratulate Bruce Adamson on his appointment and wish him well in his term of office. Thank you. That concludes the decision time. We'll now move to members' business in the name of Ruth Maguire. We'll just take a few moments to change seats.


Three words first word four syllables. Oh, uh, what does that mean again a? One three Three words first word One 13 13 reasons why mm-hmm. Okay Yeah Oh, can I do like actions?   Yeah first word Um Face little no Third word was pretty little. I yeah, you knew it. No. No. No. I just got it. Okay. I just got it. Yeah, that's what I was trying to say Yeah, two words. Yeah, I got it.  Oh, I would have never gotten Yeah, I know first word One more it's one word Wave ocean swimming cool Prove swimming nothing with water water Water waves ocean wind it's What's this a chair sabrina chilling adventures sabrina Spooky Sabrina The teenage witch no no sabrina swimming sabrina Swimming okay Oh, wait, it's one word. Okay. Oh, it's not it's two words writing letter note It's riverdale I was trying to be like the writer of the river. Oh, oh that makes sense. I could have I was I think I was over complicating. Yeah, I think so probably. Yeah, I was just making it hard This show's got such a great cast I would love to know what your funniest almost memorable moment from filming is there are so many I love when we get the giggles. Oh, yeah, that was good. That was one time when we got there is this one We can't even describe it because it's a spoiler and it's hard to describe But there was just a line about soup and we all found it really funny And then we sort of started joking and made this kind of whole character that loved soup and and we did that during uh, You know During the time we were waiting and then when it came time to actually do the scene I could not say soup with a straight face And no one could and it was we were really in a rush too to like finish the day And everyone just could not keep it together and Well, it's it's so hard because you you know that you're not supposed to be laughing And you know every time you say soup.  That was that was the best giggle moment we've had on set That was the best giggle moment for sure. Is that same line still in the show? Can we look out for it? Yeah, if you yeah, it's a very small line, but if you if you see It's probably the only time it's really not a moment in the slightest, but if you if you hear soup It's probably the only time that you really say soup in the show. It's I say it. I say do you have any soup? It You'll know you'll see the smile on Karen's. You'll see the smile on my face if they cut to the back of my head It's because I couldn't say it Um without giggling I'd love to know how you built up that chemistry and how you bonded together Well, we didn't really have much time. We didn't have to go right into it We probably should have hung out a little bit more. We probably should still hang out a little bit more I know right because yeah, well Karen's always working. I know but um, you know, she's Sabrina. This is true This is this is what happens when you are Sabrina, but I don't know. I feel like we get along pretty well Yeah, I think it's just sort of like a natural thing. Yeah. Yeah, I mean, I guess we I guess we like each other No I think it's just kind of no. I mean, I think it's just uh, it's just a thing Yeah that we have yeah, and it's it's not wonderful. It's not hard, you know, it's not hard to like this guy I want to know what your favorite thing about each other is. I love your attitude so much Like you just have a really wonderful Hold on life in my opinion. I think that the way that you handle every situation is just so Wonderful and does it was so much um Grace thanks. Yeah I'm a fan Ross Lynch fan. I'm a curious. Oh, thank you. I always feel like I'm learning things from you Which is really cool.  Not hard Wonderful. I mean, it's I mean this guy, right? I don't know like those are all the scenes that I had For the show. Yeah, it's true. Um, especially in the beginning I loved it. Yeah, it was so fun It's so fun too just to like play such a Young love Kind of giddy Romantic thing. I mean, obviously the best kind of love as the show Progresses. Yes. The show progresses. Obviously every character goes through Troubles and and it's a it's a rocky ride for pretty much everyone But those first two or three episodes where it's just so pure and so just Wonderful. It's really a fun thing to play too There's a lot of talk about Riverdale crossing over with Sabrina.  Yeah, I'd be up for it for sure. I would love that. Yeah. Well, Ken is a big Riverdale fan as a news I am so selfishly. I'm just like, yes Yeah, I think it'd be cool Yeah, if we could if it's done well, if it's done well, why not? Which I'm sure it will be because Roberto the the creator of both shows is The genius Yeah, he's he's he's amazing. So I think if anyone could do it if he could do it Yeah, do you think Harvey and Sabrina would be team Archie or team Jughead? I think I don't know. What do you think? That's interesting. I I don't know Is that really like is that like a like are there two teams for those kind of is that I don't know I think that Sabrina might be more of an Archie um Team Archie just because I feel like Sabrina's a bit of a fixer and especially I don't remember if it was the first or second season Archie did the red circle and he was like So down to like save everyone and save the town. I feel like they're very similar sort of I think they would get along actually really well. Let's do a little Sabrina Archie crossover. That would be fun


We're in another reaction video Yeah, today we're gonna be reading to BTS's new single It's gonna be good. It's gonna be good cuz young ease the intro song was Oh Shader was so good, and I'm so excited for this. I am seriously so excited for this I just know it's gonna be good because one is BTS and two is BTS and three is BTS and four is BTS and five It's BTS and six is BTS. It's just like BTS released good music.  That's an awesome set that they're at Damn, I wish I could walk and be in a BTS music video Oh You smack your back.   The song is so good. It's so beautiful. He's trying to escape the cage, but he can't It's not about wow, bro Such a masterpiece ah Door I thought he was gonna fall. Oh My god, that's that type of body movement just freaks me out man Oh, well, how do you have a back my guy, okay, so he thinks he's free Well, he is free and he's escaped. Oh Wow, bro. I could actually listen to this so much. This song is so beautiful I love songs like this. They're so different to the norm That's why I love kpop. It's just so different so unique Wow, I really like this song and everyone must be so strong to do that, you know, oh, is it over?  I can't really interpret it that much like the only thing I was able to interpret it was um when he was trying to skip the cage and then you know coming coming back in because of I don't know. I don't know. I can't interpret it Even though I said I could I can't that was good. That's real good. I'm happy that I actually saw this because I Just like I was trying to find them like odd Did they not release like a music video or anything? But they did they did they did but are you guys other than that? I hope you guys enjoyed this video if you guys did share some support by leaving like comment down below How much you love BTS and how you what you think of the song do you like it? Do not comment that down below and subscribe there will be more BTS records in the future and yeah other than that Hopefully you guys have a great day. Keep smiling and yeah, peace


Thank you so much for coming. I know it's late in the day. From the looks on your faces, you guys look as tired as I am. So I don't know, hopefully you make it to the event tonight if you signed up to go to that. I am super excited about my panelists today, too, that I've spent some time with before talking with on my OpenStack OS podcast and a new one who I can't wait to hear more from. And so we wanted to do a panel that really just talks to users who've been doing OpenStack for a while. Because coming into the fray, there's a lot of options and ways to consume OpenStack. These are three folks who have spent a tremendous amount of time building and operating and deploying at scale for production workloads. So I'm gonna let you all introduce yourself, Subbu. Hi there. My name is Subbu Alamaraju. Been at eBay for the last four years. We have been early adopters of OpenStack from 2012. I think one of the largest deployments now in production for three years. Have the experience of failures and success with OpenStack. So we can talk about everything. And it's just in case you didn't notice, this is his fan section here in the front. These are the guys who make it work, sir. Good. Hello, my name is Pusman. I'm a political advocate for these systems. Subsevered by the telephone. We are working for independent business companies. We have various public services in the United States. And if you want to know a lot about the telephone, you can tell us about the website there. And if you'd like to know. My name is Edgar McGenna. I work for Word Day, almost a year and a half. Word Day has been investing in OpenStack for almost two years now. We have a production system. We're moving all the bare metal systems into the clouds, in boats, virtual machines and containers. My team is not here. So I don't have a huge crowd, but I'm gonna expect Niki to give me a, there you are. That's what I'm talking about. And I'm wearing two hats all the time, which I love it. It's a user on OpenStack. And also I'm still a core developer for Neutron. So you have some complaints about that. I weigh you at the end of the session. Target practice, right there, kids. So each of you have, you are doing very different things with OpenStack, most definitely. Edgar, I know your deployment is relatively newish. You've been building it for some time. You have been running for a while at scale. And then you're working on a combination of both kind of public cloud infrastructure and then private as well. Tell us a little bit more about what you're actually doing with OpenStack. And I'll start with you, Supriya. So we started with a multi-tenant model early on, where we support multiple types of workloads on the same cloud infrastructure. The promise that we had, and the principle we had was you run a cloud-initiated infrastructure for multiple business units so that you can get the most efficiencies, get consistent experience and feature parity across different types of workloads. That has been the promise. And we started with our own distribution from GitHub and we packaged and rolled it out. We built automation over a number of years. It's still ongoing because there are always rough edges to polish.  It's been serving DevTest traffic for a number of years. The promise of cloud as a self-service API-driven consumption has succeeded to a large extent. We still have a lot more to do, a lot more to improve security, availability and things like that, but it has been a fun yet challenging ride with OpenStack.  So it was a crazy number of VMs. Are you able to share how many VMs you're running at? I think today at a point, we are at a point where it doesn't really matter because I think the reason I say it is that when it comes to, once you find a pattern that is repeatable and it can multiply the number of times and you can grow the number as long as there's a business driver for that, but also we also worry about efficiencies and consumption and things like that. So it's not about numbers game as far as we are concerned, it's more about getting the service to the customer. What are you doing with OpenStack? Okay. We have various installations, so there are a lot of devices as well. On the other hand, we are currently working on a project that is in a lot of area far away. There will be an private public and local site as well. And on the project platform side, we have an installation for software as a sort of problem. And the platform we know it is software as a sort of software-based personal and human-sized enterprises. And OpenStack we have time to do the self, our own distribution at OpenStack. And then we have multiple development platforms inside of OpenStack. We are now at the set of 15 players that are in the distribution. And Edgar? So we're gonna start saying what the work thing is. It's a SaaS company, so we're as a service, so we basically have applications for human resources and finance. So we manage everything for our customers in our clouds. A few years ago, the company decided that based on the number of users that actually were so happy or worthy, we wanted to move from using just bare metal deployments into virtualization. So they started the journey of putting their applications on virtual machines and they decided to use OpenStack as a cloud management system. So we built an initial private cloud. We found a lot of challenge. So we're gonna start that our applications are designed to be multi-tenant by itself. So one bare metal server actually providing information from multiple tenant, which basically when they share the same networking we need to have a way to secure that these two virtual machines in the same virtual networking cannot talk between each other. That's the best way to define a security group for some of you that are not that familiar with that networking concept. In our use case, we have very few number of tenants, but a very large number of security groups. Such point that actually we have per communication between two VMs up to 35, 38 rules. I'm talking about different communication channels between two VMs that cannot be enabled and some of them that will be enabled. So it's a very unique use case and also in terms of the security requirements it's very aggressive. We have SSL enabled in all the OpenStack endpoints and we also have SSL enabled in the communication from these processes to the MySQL database or whatever database they use and also to the Rabbitin queue. We're using Rabbitin queue. So we also enable SSL. You can imagine, we manage payroll information, all these confidential information from our customers. So we need to guarantee that everything is secured and we keep it doing it. And so that's probably why they hired you with your networking background, I'm guessing. Well, yes, one of the biggest problems in Neutron is actually there was a performance degradation when you increase the number of security groups. So we look for different alternatives and actually we found something that actually fits perfectly what we're looking for. So we start using another open source player which is called OpenContrail for all the networking part. And is it seamless to the end users of the cloud? Is it like a network administrator that sets up these security groups but it's invisible to the end user? So end users never know what the application is running on, right? It could be a bare metal, it could be a virtual machine, it could be a container. That's a little bit the difference between our private cloud or any typical public cloud, right? So basically they keep having just URLs where they say myapplication.wordy.com. So we have low balances that actually descend into the specific place in the data center that actually will fulfill their requirements and they keep having. The best way to describe it is you power on the light, you have light, you don't care where it's coming from. You just like it to have it always running all the time. If that is off and your fridge is going off and your food is going bad, you get really, really upset. That is what we're trying to avoid for our customers. And so certainly in all of your cases, security is a huge concern. I mean, I can imagine with the number of customers that you work with from Deutsche Telecom, there's a lot of data privacy concerns that are always kind of consistent in your region of the world. Obviously eBay does a ton of transactions, Workday handles HR data and personal data from customers. Was that a prohibitor from each of you wanting to use AWS? Not necessarily, it depends on user requirements. In some cases in big projects, we are asked to provide AWS or Azure or something else. We prefer to provide our own platforms, that's obvious, but it depends on user requirements. I think if I may take the question, I don't think security is a criteria to choose between public and private cloud because my understanding is that based on what my experience with eBay and looking at the industry, it is more about how much have you automated? If you have a whole, that lets some person or entity do something that is not supposed to do, and then that can open a lot of things. So it's your maturity level in terms of automation. That is, I think, what is important for security. You could be, if you take a look at the case of Experian, I'm sure they had ton of firewalls and security experts in the world, but they had a leak for two years that nobody could find out. I think, so my bet is that it's about automation, whether using public cloud, private cloud, that's not really the point. It's about automating and making consistent, standardized setup for your things, with no exceptions. It seems like a few years ago, there were some concerns about taking customer data and putting it out in a public cloud. Like it's a multi-tenant environment, noise neighbors, less control, black box, you're not sure where it's running, who you're sharing with, who has access to those kinds of things. I think we've come a long way from that though, in terms of public cloud utilization. I think so, it's like you have a, the tendency has been in the past, but you put a firewall at the front of the room, but inside everybody can see everything. So if you let one guy in, that guy can steal. At that mindset it's not changing. So instead you're worried about point-to-point trust and confidentiality of data. So for us, the answer to the first question is yes or not. The first part is yes, because we actually leverage a lot of Amazon web services for development and only development. We actually have tools who can emulate and simulate tenant information into the Amazon web services. That's the way our application developer uses to add, fix, et cetera. In production, tenant information never leaves our premises. It's always in our private cloud. We keep it very secure. We have two layers of security. We have up to three layers of bastions to actually get into the data center. In my role as an operations architect, I don't have access to tenant information at all. It's probably better that way, huh? Oh yeah, right. I will be leaking, I will be leaking. Talking about security, it's not only about security in general, it's about data privacy as well. So there are a lot of customers that prefer to have their data stored in German data centers with respect to German data privacy laws. And that's a common requirement that we have. It seems much more so with the recent rulings around some of the safe harbor stuff that was going on. It's a non-clear situation now. Yeah, it seems like that's gonna be an ongoing thing. When we talk to our counterparts in Europe, I mean, that's the number one thing is data sovereignty. Making sure that the data stays in the country never goes out, which at some point, it can be difficult, especially if you're using SaaS services and you're not sure where those endpoints are. So talk to me about kind of what you're doing above the stack.  You have your, I forgot what your acronym is that you used on your website, but you've got like an acronym that you use and it's a process that you have folks in your organization follow. I mean to think what the way we are approaching the about the, sorry. The way we are approaching about cloud is I think if we, our strategy pans out and if we do the right things in a year, if sometime in future, we wanna make the cloud disappear from customers. In the sense that because the way we approached cloud in the industry is opens that included is that you have these APIs that you give out to your customers and they put together whether they are admins or platform developers, they put together infrastructure, right applications. But I think oftentimes they are not able to make the applications resilient to failure. We are expecting them to do it. And in fact, if you look at OpenStack, OpenStack doesn't have all the building blocks to make apps resilient. AWS has somewhat more complete portfolio, others to a lesser extent. So I think that problem hasn't been working out well for in industry today. So we want to find out patterns where the resiliency is built into the infrastructure into the platform we provide to our customers. Whether it's through past layers or something else, Kubernetes, cluster management, those kind of things. I think to me that the next evolution of cloud in general, I think that's where we are betting a lot. OpenStack remains, it still provides a building blocks for that layer, but it is that layer that hides customers from infrastructure failures. That's what we see. No doubt that in traditional sort of VMware environments that resiliency happened at the infrastructure layer. Now with vMotion and heartbeat and other things, shared storage was a thing. Now it's like, you have to plan for failure, but how many people are actually doing that? Like how do you get your users to develop against failure when it's not automatic, especially if they've been developing on a VMware environment? So something that I can share about that is we created a project that we call it Gourmet. It's on the top of the stack. It's actually a project that helps the developers to, by a simple API, upload their application package into the cloud. They don't need to know about Glance. They don't need to know about Cinder or Netron or OpenStack at all. They just have a simple API to say, my app is ready, put it there and I want to use it. And it's full automated. So actually for the project that we're leading inside of the cloud engineering team at Word Day, it's called WPC, World of Private Clouds. With the Gourmet project, what we ended up having is between 300 or 400 VMs daily being created from a golden VM that it was deployed that morning by the Gourmet team automatically. All the applications developer jump in, validate all the changes that actually they created and we drop it at the end of the day and we do these sometimes events like two, three times in one day. So you were asking before about how many VMs runs per time could be like, I don't know, 500, 600. It doesn't matter anymore. It's the ability to be able to create and delete all the VMs dynamically. Everything keeps running all the time. We've seen certainly one of our customers tap joy. The reason why they did Hadoop on OpenStack is because they wanted that ability, provision, tear it down, provision, tear it down, provision, tear it down. Are you seeing any internal requests for big data platforms on OpenStack? Yes, we are looking at ways of consolidating infrastructure. Today, typically in most organizations, you have Hadoop plans from differently from the rest of the application deployments and we are looking for ways to consolidate. I think we haven't made all the choices yet, but I think that's something we are looking at. To be fair, we are not that far with respect to OpenStack and these services on OpenStack. We offer various services to our customers, but we are also VMware fabrics or factory. So we have developer paths, we have big data services, we have SAP, all this stuff. But on the other hand, we have a lot of customers that think conservative. They have applications developed over 20 years and there is no return on investment to completely rewrite this application for a cloud native approach, for example. And if you would deploy all these applications on OpenStack, the stability or resiliency might be lower than a traditional cloud system. So you have to migrate together with your customer the application into another model, step-by-step, for example. And then you could introduce all these new services or could use the developer paths and all this stuff. And it depends because there is no, this customers, this customer, it's a huge corporation like automotive from the automotive industry, for example, and you have to find the right department. We have one project together with a huge company and they are developing their end customer applications on a developer path on our platform, but they would never do this with production applications or core applications they are hosting on our vehicle, for example. So it's a step-by-step approach to bring the customer into the new world on OpenStack, for example. Which is interesting because I feel like you've been there for a while. Yes, I actually want to challenge what you also mentioned before is that are we moving away from infrastructure being resilient to applications here being resilient? I think what has been happening if you look at it is that the rate of change in organization has been growing. The rate at which apps are getting changed, deployed every day has been growing consistently. Like years ago, eBay was doing bi-weekly, two weeks, there was a release day. Everybody sits down and then pushes code to the site. That's no longer the case. I can deploy now. I can deploy tonight in the breakfast. Anytime I can deploy. So when the rate of change is so high, things fail faster naturally because you're introducing regressions and you're touching both the control plane and data plane and that's where the traditional models of expecting infrastructure to remain solid are breaking apart because you're changing it so frequently. So you have to make the software take care of the failures more than in the past. I don't think it's about VM motion versus something else. It is the rate of change that is causing this problem. Like, our open stack cloud changes much more rapidly. Like the teams here, they are deploying code to open stack every day and our customers are deploying code on that on VMs and using block storage, object storage and so on. So it changes everywhere. I think that is what is happening now. Are you seeing that rate of change now that your workday cloud is up and running? I would like to break the protocol here so I'm gonna ask the question now. Just because Sue will say it's something very important. So I noticed that everybody, like when they're talking about performance and HA and all those crazy things, they just focus on the control plane. And if you think about the typical data center, when you get a phone call in the middle of the night, it's because the data plane is down. It's because the user who's trying to use the application is not able to reach. It's not about not creating a VM in the middle of the night. Who creates a VM, not a container in the middle of the night? It's about the traffic that you're sending to the data, right? Wow, that's, we know of it. I think he does. I think those guys right there do. So my point is like, you put a lot of effort in managing that you have a very good HM model because you're so worried about the control plane. What do you do about your data plane? How do you make sure that your data plane, it's up and running all the time with everything now is virtualized? So that's my question now. I think, yeah. I think this is actually an interesting debate. I think make it more exciting to have this. Yes, a debate. We get this end of the day. You need something to fight. I think what has, this is my gain. I want to contradict at this point here, is that I think with the way the cloud has been going on, data plane expectations are not as high as they were before. Our promise, for example, is that we take model of public clouds in eBay as well. We promise you that you're able to, there is enough capacity that you're able to provision, move traffic. That means these are all control changes. Like an operator is moving, failing over data center. That means he's touching a load balancer. He's config, he's changing its configuration. So the configuration, the need for high HA config changes has increased because there is an expectation that things are failing. We need to change quickly. You've given talks on the subject of HHA. What do you think, Gurd? That's a good question. I don't know. I don't know if it's really changing the expectation on the data plane.  Or is there, are you making it easier by putting in some kind of layers, as Edgar's team does, where it's handling that HA for you? Like do you need to serve that to the developer or should you leave it up to the developer to handle it? Absolutely, it is some platform that is using the capabilities in the control plane. It's not the end developer, definitely, but you still need that flexibility. Like it is often our operations teams that are doing this failure. They need that knob. So the button needs to work. So in the case of the public clouds, obviously they need to be worried about the control plane, right? Because they actually open the APIs for their users. Their customers trying to create virtual decision.  And you get frustrated because you try five times and out of those five times three of them didn't work. You say, this is not working. You don't even test the data planes or hookers or the data plane at that point. So the control plane doesn't work, you just throw it away, you go to the next vendor. When you control in the private clouds all the control plane, do you prepare your actually data center with all the VMs and the world flexibility that you want it? What you worry most is actually that your data plane is at the highest performance that you ever think about it. One of the major concerns of word data actually moving into virtualization is the performance degradation that we have moving in from the bare metal to the VM. We get between 15 to 20% performance degradation just because of that virtualization layer. While we test on containers we get less than 3% of performance degradation. So that's our way to go now. Nice. So containers, what technologies are you using currently? We don't have any production yet but we're testing Docker containers. Docker? Are you doing containers as well? This is another container talk. Yeah, I mean, yeah. Sure is. Yes, we are looking at it. I think again it's in the context of we're not looking at containers as replacement for virtual machines or bare metal but we are looking at containers as a way to better implement cluster management using Kubernetes. I think that is our driver. Containers you could have done last year but we were waiting on getting the right cluster management model already in the industry. Are you seeing any demand for containers yet? Yeah, I saw an announcement last week that on our internal build systems containers are available for the developers for testing. We don't have it in production. We are using Docker in this system. But there is development in this direction so I think in a few months we will have something that we could use on our platforms as well. It doesn't matter how awesome the containers could be. VMs are not going away, by the way.  They need to co-exist some way. Even the bare metal, right? This is where we have an ironic because we found that actually we still need things running on bare metal a couple of weeks ago. Even if you did though, there wouldn't be enough people who knew how to deploy on them anyway, right? It's still such a new technology. I think there's still people who are trying to make the transition from bare metal just to cloud in general. Like, you know, what percentage is the technology change? What is the breakdown of moving to cloud between the technology change versus the cultural change within your organizations? I heard this from the director of infrastructure. If it works, don't touch it. You can imagine how difficult it's actually to make a change in the infrastructure systems. It's very scary. We have SLS with the customers and we have like, in what is like very crazy, we have per month, I think, it's just max of four hours of downtime and if we break those four hours, actually we start paying back to the customer something that's crazy as that. So it's very scary for the infra things to introduce any kind of changes and they have to be worried because these guys are the first line of defense in terms of something is not working and they really woke up in the middle of the night and they get into pajamas into the knock room and actually trying to fix things as soon as possible. That's true for us as well. The whole organization tried over decades to prevent failure and now one of the paradigms of cloud is, yeah, you will have failures but you have a massive amount of VMs, for example, to fight that, that's contradictory. So it's a problem. It's a huge cultural change and all the processes and the organizations and it's not that easy and every new technology that's coming up, for example, containers or whatever, cloud native applications, for example, it's again a cultural change that is needed. I think it is an absolutely necessary change because an younger organization that's coming up today has the advantage of an older organization that is monolithic and has a huge cultural mindset of no VMs or bad or VM at least great and it's actually going to admit, I think these companies will find it harder and harder to survive going forward. I think there's no... Because they can't keep up with the rate of change, right? Exactly, you die, you perish in this business, if not. And I just want to finish with something. I'll say that is what the infra guy was saying, it's not what I think about it. I think what we're building with OpenStack and all the SDN and all these fancy concept is to actually break that concept of not changing because you're afraid things are not going to work. What was before a router? It was a big piece of hardware that actually you buy with a very expensive price and money. You put it there, you put another one because it has to be a check and a think and you don't touch it for ages, right? What is now is an API, a new API that actually you call there and a simple thing that actually you configure with a couple of seconds and you actually could enable two virtual machines or two containers to actually to talk each other. So things are changing. I mean, that's the whole new world of virtual decisions. On the data center, you have the ability to draw a line between what is the physical world and the virtual world. You can actually now manage everything that you manage in weeks on the physical layer in seconds on the virtual layer and that's what we're trying to introduce to the infra teams. How are you, what are you doing to get the adoption rates up? Like, did you, at some point, I think you guys pretty much force people. Is that accurate? No, we didn't have- We got them wrong. We didn't have to, I think it is the automation that helped the adoption of CloudDB. I think once we put a platform where any developer can log in and deploy his or her app anytime that just drove the massive adoption because they didn't have to wait. That's awesome. So it's more appealing to the, I don't freaking wanna wait for resources, give me what I need right now.  What about, you know, all these other things? How are you handling chargeback and billback? I mean, it's a buffet right now. It's a buffet, all you can eat. Sometimes we run out of food and just wait. What about you, Edgar? Are you guys doing billback chargeback yet? No, not yet. I think it's a good idea, I like that buffet thing. On the convincing part, I think it's about showing them how things could actually be better for their own life, right? How actually could actually improve their own processes. Forget about the old practices about, like, oh, there's a ticket and so we approve for ABC, security, BP, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, and then come back to you and then you do it. It's a speed up a lot of things and you can actually invest time in learning for new things. It's just kind of a little natural happening right now. Edgar, are you seeing the adoption rate of cloud really starting to take off? Yes, in general, yes. And what are customers wanting to do with it? You're talking about automotive customers, maybe some financial service customers where data sovereignty is a big deal in your part of the world. What are people wanting to do with cloud? In general, it's to reduce their costs. That's the first approach from my point of view. Yeah, it's cost reduction. And on the first step, it's an outsourcing model in many of the projects. But after the first step, when they adopted cloud technology, cloud processes, then they get a step further with new services from the cloud, outsourcing more services from the internal IT departments to the cloud and to the service providers. So it's a huge wave from my point of view. I find it's hard to put a price tag on agility. Like, how do you describe what the value is of being able to push code many, many times an hour versus pushing code once every two weeks, for example? Like, how do you? I think it is tough to put a number on that. I think, but it is clear that the business expects the agility followed by enforcement of security and availability policies. I think the business sees it clearly. I just have to put a value on that. It's not expected. It's about creating value. And I can steadily create value if I have the development process that allows me to do this constantly, daily, on daily basis. And then the traditional process I have to wait a few weeks, for example. And then I could introduce a new feature, but I have to again wait a few weeks to then discuss if it's implemented the right way. That's not very, very fast. And the business sees the advantage to create value steadily and fastly. Are you seeing a return yet at workday? Well, the company is based on that. When you just describe it, every Friday night we push a new patch into the whole data center. Every customer of what they use is the same version of the software, no matter what. We do patches every Friday night at 6 p.m. There is no downtime. The customers, they didn't even realize about it. And every thing is two months, we actually do a new release of the whole software. But things keep working the same way. So agility to actually do patches and to actually change the code, it's one of the most for changing the business model, right? In the past, you spend one year, two years, whatever, as a software group, as an application development team, you cook your application or your software and you ship it, you sell it, you pay a license for that for two years and then in two years you get a new one and then you spend all that. That's all business, that business is dying. Still there, but from my point of view it's dying. The new business is what most of these cloud companies is doing, right? You don't care about the software, you don't care about the customer's issues. It's up there, you just use it whenever you don't need it, you just drop it, stop paying for that, kind of like Netflix model, if you're familiar with that. Do any of you have any questions in the audience for our panelists here? Ooh, you have one. You have another one. Come on up and this is microphone work, yes? Test, test. Let me grab him and I'll bring it to you. Yeah, for Subbu. So how much portion of EVA is an open stack today? I can't give a specific number, but it is significant. Okay, so my follow-up questions are, can you comment on your issues with scalability and upgradability? I think we learned it by trial and error. We have not been able to hit the design limits of our deployments. For example, we designed for certain number in mind. We are not able to get to that number because we encountered issues along the way with various parts of open stack. I think, again, we are probably in the minority because it's not everybody has that requirement to hit that limit. I can share offline the numbers, but not in public of those scale limits. But upgradability, I think we had some marathon sessions initially, like upgrades used to be like nightly and we spend the whole night, hours and hours. Now we're at a point where we can do upgrades. We have upgraded decently HALA4AZs to, I think, ZUNO, and now we're gonna go to the next round of upgrades. They have become more seamless for two reasons. Open stack is getting better, and we're also getting better as an organization, maturing in terms of how to make changes to them. Are you getting to a point where you are hoping that the releases give you a little bit more time in between? Are you skipping releases? We are skipping releases, but I think we're also hoping to see the inner circle in the open stack, the six, seven projects, slow down and become more focused on stability and scalability and reduce the rate of change. Or do it the way that doesn't impact existing deployments? I have a question is, if your boss asks you to fix just one issue, the top issue, that only one issue that you can resolve from three different companies, what's your biggest pain and what you want to invest to resolve now? I think that's what a lot of people start at the cloud who will want to know. I gotta think a little bit. The biggest pain point for us, unfortunately, is upgrades. We got that big problem. We invest a lot of time on CI, CD. If you're interested, tomorrow morning, 9 a.m., talking about that, marketing. But yeah, upgrades is a big problem and it's not our fault. It's open stack fault because we keep changing, we keep changing the configuration files, the APIs versioning and all those kind of things, so what do we use, Chef, for configuration management? And our cookbooks needs to be updated every time that there is a new release. So we cannot do as much releases because there is a lot of uncompatibility. And then we change the schemas on the database and that's a lot of risk to actually trying just to push things on that. So Mamana will be in love with me even more if we fix that. Sounds like you need to find a good partner, you know? Yes, yes. I know, but Edgar gets a little baddie with the vendors harassing him all the time. I love them all. You love them all. Gern? Depends on the platform where we have the issue. So in one case, I would call the partner. That's the easiest way. On the open stack platform, that is kind of a do-it-yourself distribution, then we would have to do it by ourselves. In this team, we had developers and they had to fix it by themselves. Yeah, then they would do it. And on the other hand, we have support by the distribution. They would also help us to fix the problem and that's the way to go. And you're the last one because we're at time. So if I were to fix something, I would reduce choice in open stack. I don't mean remove drivers, but at the core of open stacks, there are some components that are too many ways of doing things, five, three databases. Like Neutron? Or messaging platforms. No, I think there is too much. I think some of the choice has moving parts and it's more complexity. I would simplify, reduce that. So it becomes easy for us operating cloud. Thank you so much. How about a round of applause for my awesome panelists? Thank you. You have a talk at 9 a.m. tomorrow, Edgar? Yes, yes. We're gonna share CICD and what is an awesome talk, actually. Edgar, do you have any talks coming up? Not this time? Subu? 9 a.m. on Keystone. Yes. Oh, that's gonna be a pie now. No, no, no. What? What? Thanks, y'all. You should say we are hiring too. Oh, they're all hiring, by the way. All of them.


Hello friends, welcome back to another video here on the channel. I hope you're all doing great for anyone new to the channel. My name is Lee, also known as Osiris. And in today's episode, we're going to show you exactly how you can get Heatran in Brilliant Diamond and Shining Pearl. OK, we are starting off in the fight area, the northeastern part of the map. You need to access this and you can only access this after the post game. So beating the elite four and you can only do the side quest after obtaining your national decks, just to make sure in case anyone is aware. You want to head out onto Route 225, and this is the way we want to go.  We're going to just head up this way. There are going to be NPCs that you're going to have to battle along the way or dodge either one or. But yeah, just be aware that there will be a few battles along the road here as we head towards Stark Mountain. I'm going to come across this bridge here and just make a way around. It's kind of like looping back on ourselves almost. And you go this way back down towards this area and down this way.  And then you want to make your way around this area. And you are on to the survival area. And once you're at the survival area, you can heal yourself at the Pokemon Center. There's a Pokemon Mart here, so you can recover after all those NPC battles. And you want to make your way on to Route 226.  And we're nearly there. We're nearly there. Want to just come down here. So this is probably the most direct route to getting to the fight area, I would say. Come up here. You're going to have NPCs here. You don't have to battle them, of course. If you don't want to, I come down this first one and this will take you to the water. And once you're at the water, you kind of want to just surf and you're going to have a few more NPCs. Like I said, there are quite a few NPCs to battle on your way through this route. We'll come up this side of the house and this will take you to the next area where we want to be. And now you can see there's a route here that will take you to a further on section of this island. But this is the area where you want to come up here. And then this is the bit that gets a little bit tricky, because you're going to be having to get on your bike to do this. And it's really frustrating doing this, actually. Yeah, you're going to need to be in that top gear to do this, because otherwise you won't get enough momentum to kind of get over the rocks. Have we got our gear set? No, we haven't. There we go. OK, there we go. So you need to be in your top gear. I would dismount your bike when you're trying to do this next bit, because it is super frustrating. Just try and line yourself up with this next one and then getting your bike again. Obviously, make sure you're on your top gear.  Then you come up to this area and Crasser, Wake and Wally or whoever your rival will be are right here talking. And then they'll have a little conversation. They'll talk about Buck, who's on his way and heading up to Stark Mountain, where there's loads of trainers and things like that for you to to go after and catch. So you want to make your way up here, come around here. You're going to have to get on your bike again. We'll meet you right here and you'll talk about asking you to get the magma stone. Well, whoever can get the magma stone first, you want to just make your way through these paths here, come down here. You're going to have to fight this NPC or you can dodge them if you can. And then you want to make your way up here. You're at Stark Mountain. Come up this side, slap on another Max repel. And then here we are. So you can see this is where we go in. So the first thing we want to do is just use rock smash. And then we're going to have to use strength to push the stone all the way down these steps. And this is a little bit of a frustrating bit of the guide. But if you're wondering how to get down here, it is just push it all the way down. And you can see there's a little kind of space for it to be pushed into at the bottom here. And we want to just make our way up to the next area. So just push the top, push the bottom. I'm sure you don't need me to tell you how to to do this. But just in case this is a little bit frustrating, this bit. You just got to have a bit of patience with it. There's just a lot of rocks to push, break and until you're able to get to the next route. And you can see Barry is also standing waiting to the entrance of the next cabin. So you just want to make your way up here and push this boulder. You can grab the items while you're down here. If you want, or you can just make your way and speak straight to Barry and make your way into the main cabin. And as you can see, when you speak to Barry, he says that he got wiped by Buck. He's making his way to the battle zone to get stronger or whatever. So you want to come through into this main cabin here. And this is where you will encounter Buck again. Buck's basically going to say we should go off to the magma stone together. Do you want to team up, blah, blah, blah, like that. So you team up with Buck. There is a lot of NPC trainers down here. So but basically what you want to do is just take a left head up to this little route here and then just carry on. Go right to the end here, because there's only really one set of trainers that you need to battle down here to get to heat. And you want to come down these steps. Just take a right at this point through this little shoot. You can't use things like rock climb and stuff when you're with Buck. So you're kind of limited on the route that you're able to take. You want to take the stairs up here. And these are the only trainers that you're going to have to battle on the route to getting the magma stone or heat translate. So I'll just skip this one for us. And then we will head over to this path here. And then you're going to want to come down these stairs and you've got a little bit of a job ahead with pushing a boulder for what seems like forever eternity. Don't know why Game Freak decided to leave this in here. Just feels a little bit unnecessary. But you have to push this boulder right to the end to access this staircase. And then this will take you to heat translate. And yeah, basically, Buck's going to say, well, it's my turn. I'm going in first. So Buck goes in ahead of you and you follow him in. And he has already already picked up the magma stone. So out of luck this time, Osiris, pretty much we are out of luck. Buck has taken it, but not he trying here. Mountain rumbles. And then Buck decides that he's going to skedaddle back to his to his house. And this is the next stage of this quest. We need to exit the cave and go back to visit Buck's house. So we do have an escape rope, which is going to be quite useful. If not, if you haven't got one, just follow the same route as we took in. And once you're outside the cave system, you want to make your way back to the survival area. And you want to visit Buck and his grandpa in their house. So once you're here, I want to just take a left outside the Pokemon Center and just come to this house right next door to it and Buck and his grandpa be inside. You can speak to either first. Grandpa kind of says that you should put it back. Buck has a change of heart and decides that he's going to go and put the magma stone back. We kind of did this the wrong way around talking to Buck first. But yeah, the old man kind of makes Buck feel a little bit guilty. So Buck on his way to put the magma stone back. What we need to do is go back up to Stalk Mountain now. So we'll be back at the entrance of the cave. OK, so we're outside Stalk Mountain again. We're back here. We are going to now encounter Heetran. Buck should have put the magma stone back. So it should mean that Heetran has appeared. Now, we want to just come back into the Stalk Mountain follow the kind of the same route as we did before. Although this time around, we're not going to have Buck as our partner. So we're going to be able to use Rock Climb, which means that there is a much quicker route to getting to the Heetran cave to kind of encounter it. So you've kind of done the longer slog already. You want to just follow this path around the way I'm doing it. Obviously, we already know the way because you've been into this cavern before. It's just this is probably the most tedious bit again of this process. But this time around, we don't have to push a boulder for about half the length of the cavern, which is always good. So as you can see, we're coming up and we're going to enter the main cavern system now, which is good. And we can just follow this path down. This is where we met Buck, remember. And we want to just go the same route, the same route as we went to before. So you can see we're going to have to rock smash again. And this time we want to just head right to the top. And it's the second set of stairs here that we want to come down and we want to head straight up. There will be a couple of NPCs here that you're going to have to battle. But once they're done, it is probably quicker battling them. And then we can climb up here and we are at the entrance of the cavern. And once we go in, you will just want to make your way to this area here and he Tran is waiting to battle you. So what you want to do at this point is probably save your game because you can either soft reset for he Tran or you can shiny hunt for he Tran. So by soft reset, of course, I mean, you can go for IVs, better IVs, better natures. But the thing is with he Tran, we've got access to nature mints in this game and we got access to bottle caps, which makes this process of just catching he Tran a lot easier. So you don't need to soft reset unless you're going for that shiny. And then it's probably a better method to just save. Soft reset, come back in and check if it's a shiny every time. But that about wraps up this guide. That's everything I wanted to cover here, showing you the way to get to he Tran in Stalk Mountain, the path to take, the easiest way to get to it. And then what you have to do once you've got the magnets done with Buck coming back and forth, and then you are able to kind of catch he Tran. So hope you've enjoyed today's episode. Hope you found it useful. If you have, please consider dropping a like on the video. Do consider subscribing to the channel as well for more Pokemon content and more brilliant damage and pillow guides that we've got coming on the way. Have a great rest of your day and take care of yourselves. More importantly, anything else. And I'll see you all for another video very soon. So until then, friends, take care of yourselves and bye.


Portillo, oh, that should have been a handball. Oh, my. Ruth got to it, and Ruth's going to score. Stays with it, and the Mustangs are in front 2-1. Logan Ruth just blasts it right past Ty Blyler. I hope his grandmother Janet was watching. What a moment for this senior.