Hey, guys, if you're doing well, give me a minute here first. All right, I hope you can all hear me OK and see me as well. Thank you all for joining. Good to see you. Hi, Lucy. Hi, Warren. Hi, Gertrude. Hi, Daniel. Good to see you. Thanks for all the amazing thumbs up, guys. All right, I hope you all are doing well. Let's pray. OK. Father, we love you. We honor you. We thank you for this gift of life. Lord, we thank you that your mercies are new every morning. We thank you that your grace sustains us, that gives us the strength to face another day, Lord. We thank you for your love that continues to sustain us, Jesus. It gives us the strength, Father, to endure all things. Lord, we thank you for your word, Holy Spirit. I pray that you will come and open up our eyes to the wonder of your word, the wonder of who Jesus is. So come and manifest and display the wonder of the power of Jesus in our midst, I pray, in Jesus' name. Amen. OK. We're good to see you. I hope you got some good rest last night. Awesome. Great. Very quickly, we've covered five chapters, right? Can you all hear me at the back here in the classroom? All fine? Can you hear me OK? All right. So we've covered five chapters now. So far in this topic or in this course of ministering, healing, and deliverance. Can you very quickly share some of the things that you have learned? You can put your hands up or you can just type in the chat section. What are some of the things that you have learned that you remember that's ministered to you, that I'm not trying to test your memory. I'm trying to test or trying to ask what's ministered to you and in this content that we've covered so far. So yes, I could. Very essence and emphasis of Jesus' healing all of them. Sorry? The emphasis of Jesus' healing all of them. The tendency prior to you emphasizing and coming to read that on a frequent basis, it was like healing was either seasonal or it could be like only with the efforts. But just to hear and see that and it is his goodwill to heal all. Yes. So that was something that really stayed. Yeah, thank you. Thanks for sharing that. Can we increase that Mike's volume or some clarity? I think it's a little muddy, but yes. Yeah, anyone else also feel free to unmute and speak or share anything that's kind of made sense to you? Okay. God's will is to heal everyone. Yeah, correct. Yeah, we can use his name, his cross, his blood for healing and deliverance. Okay. Oh, he remembers that punch line. Yeah, with intimacy, God will use us without intimacy. We will be using him. Yes. Anything else? Yeah, thank you. So God is not the author of sickness. I'm glad that we are all very clear about that, right? If anybody says that, okay, this sickness is from God rebuking, you know, because that is just the wrong teaching, isn't it? You know, why is the church is not advancing in healing and deliverance? One of the reasons we saw is wrong teaching, isn't it? It's very sad because as a leader, and in this class alone, we have 15 people together, almost 35. If I'm teaching that, okay, sickness comes from God, one person is having an impact on 35 to 40 people and that 40 people will go out and share the same thing, you know, with another 40 and it'll only keep multiplying, isn't it? So, I mean, the power of teaching, the power of words, power of declaring the right things is so important and it is very, very important that we are clear that sickness is not from Jesus. Wait, he's not the author and it is his will to heal us, right? Like you said, he healed everyone who came to him. There is not a single person that Jesus said, go away. He healed with compassion, right? Okay, so we have, Deepu says, not the process or method is healing but it is the person, yeah, thank you. Sanjay says, the ministry of healing and deliverance isn't for a select few, amen. It's for all of us who believe in Christ. We are all called to heal the sick and minister deliverance to those in need. Yes, thank you for sharing that, Sanjay. God's perfect will is to heal us. Thank you, Lucy, yes. Okay, what else? We've learned quite a bit in the last five chapters because there won't be, what we in this course for chapter nine, 10, 11 and 12 will be covered in other courses and other subjects, okay? Emotional healing in a wholeness and the gifts of the Holy Spirit, benefits of the Holy Spirit of the speaking in tongues. So other chapters will be covered then but we will only be covering three more chapters in this course. So we don't, but it's more about practical guidelines on the last two chapters, okay? So this chapter and the next chapters, just getting a little practical about it and then I'll share the final assignment. It'll be a book review, book report, that's the final assessment, not for e-learning students. Okay, anything, come on, just talk to me. Some other things, what do you want? Don't be shy. Again, I said, you know, I'm not trying to test your memory. I'm really trying to gauge if something from this course has ministered to your spirit, to your heart. And so that's the thing you will carry for the rest of your life when you're ministering. It's not, you know, memorizing things. Although memorizing is good, but yeah, just faith and heal. Yeah, okay, so having faith, right, right. Yeah, yes, yeah, thank you. Yes, faith is a very important element or component in Christian life in general. Okay, all right, what is this guys, that's it. That's up. Right, so yeah, Jesus healed everyone who came to him in faith. Okay, he was willing to heal anyone who's coming to him in faith. Okay, anyone from online guys, who else? Anusha, Sam, okay, I keep forgetting the camera is up there, so. Yeah, Sam 115, verse three is the best. He does whatever he pleases, of course. All right, cool, fine. So, you know, I really hope you're learning something and it's something that's staying with you in your spirit and it blesses you. And I also hope that this course, you know, creates in us the urgency of, and the importance of ministering healing and deliverance, right. You know, one of the points which I really love is it reveals who God is, right. It reveals the nature of God, right. We don't always have to, you know, open up a Bible and we might not always have the opportunity to open the Bible and preach the gospel. But we can simply go and ask, can I pray for you? Isn't it? And so, us just getting a chance or an opportunity to pray for a stranger or for an unbeliever creates an opportunity for you to reveal the nature of God and the love of God. Are you with me? Yes, and so I really hope you understand the importance and the urgency of this ministry. Okay, so chapter seven, we are skipping chapter six. We're looking at chapter seven. It states practical guidelines on ministering healing, practical guidelines on ministering healing. Okay, so we are going to be looking at a certain practical guidelines on how we can go about ministering healing, okay. Now please notice that the word guidelines is being used and it's not a rule, okay. A rule is different from a guideline, right. So it's not saying this is how you have to do it. This is how you should do it. This is how you should minister healing and deliverance.  It's saying, okay, you can go a certain direction or not. So it's just guiding points for us. Now this entire chapter, okay, every single point can be the same and I can just change the title of this chapter. From ministering healing to receiving healing. So you can preach two different sermons. Just change the title, but the points will remain the same. I can write a whole different book with all the same points, but just change the title saying how to receive healing. Okay, so the same points will be applicable for ministering healing and receiving healing. Understood? Receiving healing to receive anything. I think we need a special grace for that as well because we are not always good at receiving things. Some of us are, but some of us are too proud to receive help. I think it's okay, I can do it. Don't help me.  I can do it myself. There's a level of, there's a certain element of pride and arrogance in it. Why should she help me? Why should he help me? Why should I ask for help? I will do it by myself. If we learn to receive honor, we will learn to give honor or we will know how to give honor. If you do not know how to receive honor, you will not know how to give honor. Understood? That's very important.  I had a blessed time election. Ah, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no. You know, ah, it's not me, it's Jesus. It's only Jesus. Jesus, it was not that good. You know, what we do is someone appreciates you or acknowledges you or honors you receive it. Thank you. And praise God. Right? Thank you. Praise God. So it's very important in the kingdom of God, we learn how to receive. Because if we don't receive honor, eventually we will not have a crown to throw before the king. I'll say that one more time. If we do not know how to receive honor, metaphorically, we will not have a crown to throw before the king. Okay? Because we are giving him all the glory and honor. Okay? So it's very important that we learn to receive honor and so that's what this chapter is all about. Different ways to minister healing and same points as applicable to receive healing. Okay? So let's look at the first one. Through personal faith in God. The first step to minister healing is through personal faith in God. Let's look at Proverbs chapter four. Proverbs chapter four was 20 and Proverbs chapter four was 20 to 22. Great. It says, my son, pay attention to what I say. Listen closely to my words. Do not let them out of your sight. Keep them within your heart for they are life to those who find them and health to a man's whole body. So, okay, you have faith in God and now you mix that with the word of God, right? Starts off by saying in verse 20, listen closely to my words. Do not let them out of your sight. Keep them within your heart. Keep what within your heart? What is the scripture saying? Keep it within your heart. What is it saying? Keep what? Word, right? Keep them within your heart for they are life to those who find them and health to a man's whole body, right? And so when faith is mixed with the word of God, it's a very good starting place for us to minister healing and deliverance, right? Your faith and your word. Now, in the previous chapters, we've learned so many different bases to minister healing and deliverance. What are the different bases? The cross of Jesus, the blood of Jesus, the name of Jesus, God's word, Holy Spirit, sorry, the promise of salvation. Yeah? Okay, so it's a good place to start, isn't it? So faith and it mixed with the word of God, okay? Another important aspect here is in Romans chapter 10 was nine and 10. Does anybody, can anyone tell what it says? Romans chapter 10 was nine and 10. If you believe in your heart and confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lord, good. Right, so believing and speaking. So faith in God can be expressed in just two different ways, okay? Believing and speaking and believing and acting on your faith, okay? Believing and speaking and believing and acting on your faith, okay? All right, let me try this, a very simple, I don't know what to call this, but okay. So I'm gonna ask you in your mind to count from one, between one to 10, okay? Don't start, all right? And start counting in only in your mind when I say start, all right, start. What is your name? Okay, so you were counting, which number did you stop at? Three, okay, this is a very simple exercise, guys, okay? I'm trying to communicate a very simple point. So blessy was thinking something else, but he declared something else. I don't know, he's thinking something else, but he declared something else in his mind. He's counting one, between one, two, three, four, okay? But when I asked him a question, he told me his name. Very similarly, we go through life and life is not always easy, right? There will be times where you're thinking, like giving up, man, I can't do this. I can't do this. You know, I feel like giving up, what do I do? But words have power. Is it, you declare against those negative thoughts. God is for me, he's fighting for me. Greater is he who is in me than he that is in the world.  What are you doing? You are declaring faith over your situation. So you're believing it, although, you know, there's logic and reasoning that is going against it, you believe and you declare the word of God. Your faith is now mixed with his word. Are you with me? Yes, and you know, Philippians chapter two, verse 12, I think it says, work out your salvation in fear and trembling. It's in the Bible, Philippians chapter two, verse 12. It says, work out your salvation with fear and trembling. Workout is what, exercise. You know, that's the word or language we use if someone is going to the gym or whatnot. Okay, I'm going to work out. What do they mean? I'm going to do some exercise, isn't it? And so what are you doing? You're acting on what you want to do. Okay, nobody can just sit in the chair. We can all do that, by the way. They can all sit in this chair and simply say, I love to work out. I love to have these six pack, but we all have those one family pack, you know? We all like the idea of working out. Yes or no? We all like the idea of having amazing fit body. I hope so, right? But not all of us work on it. Are you following what I'm saying? We all like the idea of having a fit body, but not all of us act on it, I should say. Similarly, in context of the kingdom and his word, we all like the idea of following Jesus, but not always everyone acts on it. We all like the idea that Jesus is our healer. Yes or no? If I ask you, every Christian would say, yes, Jesus heals most of them. We all like the idea of having an intimate relationship with God, but we will not pay the price to spend time in a secret place. We all want a ready-made anointing, 30 seconds microwave results, put in, take outside. It's not going to happen. It's not enough that you like the idea. We need to act on it, and God expects us to act on it. It all begins with believing, speaking, and acting on it. Romans chapter 10 verse 17, classic scripture. Romans chapter 10 verse 17, faith comes from hearing. Yes, faith comes from hearing, and hearing comes from the word of God. Which builds our faith? Are you all with me? All good? Following? Another element of this, we're still in the first point. Okay, let's move on. This first point that says through personal faith in God, you can pray for yourself, or you can also intercede for another person. With faith in God, you can pray for yourself. You can also pray for the other person. That's what ministering healing and deliverance, the first point is. Second one, let's move on. Through the prayer of agreement. Wait, we just back up just a little bit. To the previous point, it says exercising faith for others. Matthew chapter eight, I just give you an example of the Roman centurion. Do we all know the story of the Roman centurion? Yes? Okay, so I know there will be a lot of stories that we speak about in this class, which will be repeated. I'm sorry, and I'm also not sorry about it, okay? The Roman centurion, he is not even a Jew. He's a Roman, right? He's a Gentile, in other words. A Gentile recognizes the power in Jesus just by observing, just by looking at him, right? He knew that he was, he understands that he is the man in power. He knows if he says something, you know, people will do it. He looks at Jesus and says, I recognize authority when I see one. I'm paraphrasing it. All you have to do is just say the word, Lord. Just say the word, okay? Let's look at the other section there. It says there can be mutual faith in God where two or more believers together. In James chapter five, we see that the four, sorry, the group of elders coming together and praying in faith. And we can also manage the healing in the corporate setting. As mentioned in Acts chapter 14 verse 19 to 20. So please go through all those scriptures. Okay, so the first one is through personal faith in God. The second one is through the prayer of agreement. Through the prayer of agreement. Let's read Matthew 18 verse 18 to 20.  And again, I say to you that if two of you agree on earth concerning anything that they ask, it will be done for them by my father in heaven. For where two or three are gathered together in my name, I am there in the midst of them. Awesome. So give me some of the alternate or similar words for agreement. This is through the prayer of agreement. What does that mean? What other word can you use for agreement? Sorry? Both of yours are on the same page. Okay, we're getting closer. So what does that look like? Just say it, it's okay. There's no right or wrong answer. I'm not going to fail you. I was like, ooh, what have I done?  Mutual consent. Mutual consent? Okay, thank you. Sorry? Confirm. Confirm. Okay. Let's see, anything? Proof, okay. Mutual consent, proof, okay. Agreement, agreement, agreement, agreement. I'm thinking of covenant. We are coming together in agreement. We both understand the same thing and we both believe the same thing. Okay. Very often in the book of Acts, it says apostles came together in one accord. Not the Honda car accord. They came together in one accord, in one heart, yeah, shaker is onto it. What does that mean? Unity. Okay. So another word that we can look at is unity for agreement, okay. So what does it say? Through prayer of agreement or unity. Okay. Something about a united heart in a corporate setting, it moves the heart of God. Something about a group of people coming together in his name in one accord, in one heart, that really moves heaven and earth. You can read about it in the Old Testament. I can share with you scriptures after scriptures. It says, again, in the book of Chronicles and all when Solomon built his temple, it says, when the priests and everybody sank together in one accord, the cloud came down. The glory of God came down. When all the priests blew their trumpets, 120 trumpets in one accord, something happened. Are you with me? And that's the one thing the enemy is against. So he's made us Christians so busy at fighting each other, saying, okay, are you Baptist? You Lutherans? You Methodists? You Pentecostals? You Charismatics? You Radicals? Oh, we don't speak in tongues. You don't speak in tongues, you know?  But if only we came together in unity, that we believe that one common denominator, Jesus, that he died on the cross, he rose again. If he could just respect that and come together and heaven and earth would be moved, right? And so there is so much power. And otherwise, Jesus wouldn't have said this, coming together in agreement, right? So we do this in agreement while releasing our faith and exercising our God-given authority. God-given authority is another question. So what is the God-given authority? Authority, that's a commission. But what's the authority he's given us? What is the God-given authority, guys? Speak to me, speak to me. Yeah, Jesus' name. What took us so long? It was not a tricky question, guys. All authority in heaven and earth has been given unto me and as the Father has sent me, I send you. If you ask anything in my name, right? So that is the power of agreement, power of coming together in one heart. And just you and the Holy Spirit who bears witness in you and just saying, look, Lord, I believe, I put my faith in you. I come in agreement with your word.  That's your covenant name. I believe that. And so now in your name, I pray over the situation. In your name, I pray for the sickness. In your name, I pray for this person. In your name, I declare healing. Yes, that is how we act in faith. Isn't it? See how it's linked to the previous point as well. The fact is, for example, let's say, the fact is I'm addicted to alcohol. But the truth is Jesus can set me free. Yes? So let's say the fact is, bless He is addicted to smoking. Example, I know you're a good boy, spirit-filled boy, you're in Bible college. Okay, bless He. But let's say He's addicted to smoking. That's the, that may be the fact, okay? But me declaring and working on, or acting on my faith is what? Me declaring that you are no longer bound to that addiction. You are set free in Jesus' name. What am I doing? I'm believing, I'm speaking, right? I'm also acting on the faith, on His behalf. Are you with me? Right? And so that is also coming in agreement with God's word. Okay, how are you guys doing online? All fine? Do you have a question? Oh, someone has a question.  So it's really talking about two different kingdoms. Satik Shah is really asking a question about Matthew chapter 18 verse 18. What is that? Whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven. Whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven. So clearly Jesus is talking about two different kingdoms. The kingdom of earth and the kingdom of God, right? So, and heaven is used as a place for, you know, where He dwells. Now, what makes the kingdom of God? Well, scripture says something, right? What makes the kingdom of God? This is one very old song. Righteousness, peace, joy in the Holy Ghost. Righteousness, peace and joy in the Holy Ghost. That's the kingdom of God.  Okay. So when we say, when we lose the peace of heaven, the joy of heaven, the righteousness of heaven, the fullness of heaven over any situation that does not seem to carry any of that, that's what we are losing. You know, we are releasing here on earth as it is in heaven. That's basically what it is. Okay, so how do we minister and receive a healing? One is through personal faith in God, through the prayer of agreement. Okay, and next we go to that point through the prayer of faith, through the prayer of faith. Okay, James chapter five was 14 and 15. Is anyone among you sick? Let him call the elders of the church and let them pray over him. Now, in that first verse itself, there's another way to minister healing. Okay, so if anyone asks you a question or a theological question, say, okay, how are you going to minister healing to someone in a church? Where James chapter five verse 14 says, you know, one of the ways that we can minister healing to someone is calling the leaders of the church. Okay, now just because James chapter five was 14 says, call the elders of the church to pray. Does it mean only the elders can minister healing and deliverance? What does that mean? No pastor. Thank you. Someone said a resounding no. It all of us can minister in healing and deliverance, isn't it? And this again, remember the guidelines. These are just guidelines. It's not rules. So how you have to do it. It's one of the ways that we can minister healing and deliverance is calling the elders of the church or the leaders of the church, pastors of the church, et cetera. Okay, let's move on. But that was not the main point. The first 15 is the main point.  And if he has committed sins, he will be forgiven. Okay, see the progression. The prayer of faith will save the sick. It's interesting that it doesn't use the word heal the sick. Okay. Prayer of faith will save the sick and the Lord will raise him up. And if he has committed sins, he will be forgiven. Okay. John chapter 14 verse 14, if you ask anything in my name, I will do it. God given authority. Okay, remember, simple. John 14, 14, easy to remember, right? If you ask anything in my name, I will do it. Okay. So all of us can pray a prayer of faith for someone or for yourself to be healed. Simple. What we've been talking about. All believers can pray the prayer of faith. All of you. Okay, it's fundamental. Through a word of command is another thing. Through a word of command. Matthew chapter eight verse 16, when evening had come, they brought to him many who were demon possessed and he cast out the spirits with a word and healed all who were sick. Luke chapter four was 38 to 39. He says, now he arose from the synagogue and entered Simon's house, but Simon's wife's mother was sick with a high fever and they made a request of him concerning her. So he stood over her and rebuked the fever and it left her. And immediately she arose and served them. Almost scripture and we look into that section. Matthew 17, 20. So Jesus said to them, because of your unbelief for assuredly I say to you, if you have faith as a mustard seed, you will say to this mountain, move from here to there and it will move and nothing will be impossible for you. Okay, so in the first scripture that we read, Matthew eight, 16, it says, in the evening had come, they brought to him demon possessed and he cast out the spirits with a word. Okay, he was not having a dialogue or a conversation. They're like, okay, where do you came from? What is your name? You know, all that, nothing. It's just cast out with a word. You know, Psalm 33 verse six, Psalm 33 verse six says, let's read it, someone read it. By the word of the Lord, the heavens were made. Right, it's not even words. It's not plural. It's singular by the word of the Lord, the heavens were made and he is the word. Jesus is the word, right? In Revelation chapter 19, we see that it talks about that his robe was dipped in blood and his name was the word of God. It's talking about Jesus, right? So through a word of command and this authority has been given to us in Jesus name. I have mentioned this before that the name of Jesus is not just another name for us to end a prayer, okay? The name of Jesus is not another name for us to just simply end the prayer, right? Okay, Lord bless this food in Jesus name, amen. If only we again continue to understand the power of his word, of the name of Jesus. So through a word of command, we declare again, we speak the words of faith over every situation, over every sickness, okay? Even in Simon's context, in Luke chapter four, verse 38 and 39, Simon's mother-in-law is not well and he just rebuked the fever, right? He rebuked the fever. Okay, you know, sometimes as Christians, I just wanna pause here. We read the Bible, hopefully, and we genuinely lose the wonder of Jesus.  We kind of know the story, but when you pause and said, and just imagine, you know, just imagine everything what Jesus did. Okay, how would he have sounded, you know, how would he have looked? This, we are talking about the son of God, God incarnate, God in person.   You wouldn't have to do any other course after looking at Jesus, Jesus' life, right? And so I pray that we don't lose the wonder as we know of Jesus as we go through the gospels when we read, let each and every story, each and every parable, each and every verse, you know, cause us to rejoice in his word. Are you all with me? Right, so those are the, I think we looked at four simple points. One, let's go through them. First one is through personal faith in God that is believing and speaking your faith and believing and acting on your faith, right? Believing and acting on your faith through the prayer of agreement or unity that God given authority that is the name of Jesus through a prayer of faith again and through a word of command. So these are the four points we've looked so far on how to minister healing and how to receive healing as well. Okay, so we'll pause here. We'll take a break and we'll come back and continue for the next section. Okay, take a break guys, I'll see you all.


Hi everyone, Joe for Jasper's CaseRace.com with a quick random number block randomizer for the following teams. Dodgers, Blue Jays, Cubs, National Enfieldies, Red Sox. This is a random number block randomizer for Pick Your Team 9, which is coming up in a separate video. It is sold out. That's how the number blocks work if you're not familiar with it. Big thanks to these folks for getting into it. I think all of everyone here is familiar with it. There you go. Thank you. All the numbers are there. Thanks for getting in. Let's roll it. Randomize it four to six ten times for each list. One, two, nine, and tenth and final time. After ten, we've got Nick down to Ryan. Four to six ten times for the numbers. One, two, three, nine, and tenth and final time. After ten, we've got three down to nine. All right, members, zero gets any and all redemptions, including one-of-one redemptions, only for these teams right here. That's you, Mac. Nick Stover, you also get live one-of-ones. You also have three, Rick T with four, Ryan H with six, Wes with eight, Mark with five, Jake with seven. David Ross with two, and Ryan with nine. Is David Ross the Cubs manager? Joining group breaks? Is there a baseball game at it right now? All right, let's print that and rip. Thanks for watching, everyone. Coming up in a separate video will be the break itself. Jaspy's casebreaks.com. Bye.


Hi there! It's DJ B and in this video I'm going to talk about something a little more personal and I think important for the younger generation of this hobby. I am obviously not a teenager or child anymore. I've definitely grown and matured over the last few years, but I did struggle as a kid, teenager, and young adult with who I am and my interest. And I think this happens with everybody a little bit in their own way. In general, kids are mean and going to school is really hard and especially if you're not considered normal. Kids and bullies, they target people who aren't normal. The term normal, what does it really mean? I mean what really makes you normal? But I think when you really like something, whether that be video games or horses or sports or animals or clothes or makeup or fancy cars or whatever it is, if you like something a lot and you're really passionate about it, people will target on that and they'll say, why do you like this thing so much? Why are you obsessing about this thing so much? You should stop obsessing about this because it's weird. And I hate that about people and society because it doesn't allow you to flourish. It doesn't allow you to be unique and special and have something to give the world. It makes it so you need to feel like anything you're passionate about or that really excites you shouldn't and you should stop.  I think this happens in the model horse world. I mean it happened for me. 100%. I was a closet collector, I guess you could say. I didn't talk about my models to anyone. I didn't tell people, yeah, I collect horses. I collect fake plastic horses because they would think that was weird and I was told it was weird. The few people I confided in, they said, why do you do this? It's dumb. My family was always really good. They always supported it and they've always been, you know, my best friends in my backbone but out in the world people take it a little differently. I definitely had a group of friends that weren't particularly supportive and I used to get really excited about my model stuff, about my whatever I was doing and I remember one specific friend in this one instance. I had ordered a bunch of sleek horses online and it was this big box. It was going to be coming to me and I was really excited about it. It takes a while to ship things here in Canada so it was going to take about a week and so I was really excited about this. It was what was on my mind and having friends and this was my one particular really close friend. I thought well I can confide in her and tell her about these horses and be excited about it and so I was going on about this package and how I was excited and they would be coming soon and I don't really remember the context. Maybe I was going on about it too much. Maybe every day I was obsessing and every five minutes I was bringing it up. I don't really remember. I don't think I was because that's not my personality but I was mentioning it to her and she reached a point where she turned to me and she said, Darren I don't care. I don't care about your models coming in the mail. Stop talking about it and that like kind of was like okay. So I'm alone here. This is my thing. I can't talk about it. I can't be excited about it. They don't want to hear it. So from that point on I just didn't talk about my models to anyone. I couldn't. Now none of the friends in my life were interested. None of the people wanted to know. You know I had a close people to me you know look at it on the wall or look at it in my room and be like this is a waste of money. This is a waste of time.  This is childish. There's girls who want to make you know little model horse series or they want to collect fake horses and show them at model horse shows but they're scared that they are going to be bullied for it or if someone finds out they're going to think they're weird and it's going to downward spiral into something really terrible.    This could turn into a career. This is more success I've had than anything I've done before so if I listened to these people and said yeah they're right it's a waste of money it's a waste of time and though even though I love it I'm going to quit even though I love it I'm not going to share I wouldn't be here.  I understand that's a lot harder but when you leave your family eventually it should get easier for you. I can assure you that this friend that told me don't talk to me about this we're no longer friends because the biggest part of me is that I love animals and I love horses and I love doing art with horses and being around horses and feeling my life with horses so if you're telling me I don't care about your love for this thing then we're probably not going to be friends and that's exactly what happened and then I went to school I went to university and I was scared to tell people I didn't want to tell people that I had a collection of 200 model horses at home because at that point I was 20 like you shouldn't be doing that at 20 yet here I was doing it at 20. It kind of slowly slipped out somewhere along line in university and granted I was going to an art school so everybody's a little bit weird in art school but these people were not telling me it was stupid they were interested they were infatuated by it they were going what are you doing with your time and your money and you have that many really so they were surprised and they were mesmerized by this this hobby that I had then I started working and I had friends that were asking every day they were curious about the next custom or the next one that I bought or like where I was taking it what was happening with it they were genuinely interest when I met my boyfriend it was a completely different realm than anything I had thought I've had before he was the first person to like be genuinely interested and ask questions and want to know more and want to see more and he wasn't weirded out by the fact that I had this huge collection and it wasn't something that was scaring him away from the relationship or me as a person so there there are people out there that will be okay with it but they're a little harder to find and there's probably a community for anything that you're interested in online and that's the other thing is the online community is so abundant so I don't think ruling out your passion should be a thing and if there's people telling you don't do this thing because it's weird that's their problem and not your problem the world needs more people who own it and say I am weird and I love these things and it's exciting and if you think it's a waste of time and money let me show you it's not you love horses a lot or you love basketball a lot or you love I don't know whatever it is a lot at least you're not doing drugs and getting drunk every night and throwing your life away in other ways at least you're dedicating your time to something that really matters and is positive it's hard and I understand and I've been there and it's not just as easy as saying it it's a little more complicated and I know that it's definitely not impossible thank you so much for watching and hang in there if you're struggling with this


Welcome to the Knuckleheads of Liberty. I was just going to add one more thing, Jason. I want to clear something out. You mentioned that our property rights came from government at the very beginning of your dissertation. Did you really want to say that our property rights do not come from God or nature or our human nature, but comes from the government? No, what I'm trying to say is that government has established, we've established a set of laws that allow the government to intervene to protect our private property, right? I mean, that's the whole point of having a government, right? Is to be able to protect your private property. What's the point of having a government? No, no, no, Jason, you're stating that incorrect. I'm sorry. The government is not intervening. We are making a choice to go to court where the government does act based upon the evidence we present. That's not the government intervening. That's not the same thing. Well, you're enacting the force of the government from on somebody else based upon the damage you think that they've caused you. So, I mean, you know, you are getting the evidence to prove that case. Yes. But that's, that's the point, right? So you're able to get government to intervene on your behalf, just like with property rights, where you show that somebody came in and crapped on your sheets, then therefore you can, you can bring in the government to say, Hey, this person violated my property rights, right? That's, that's a bad analogy in my opinion about this case. Here's the person broke a law. Amber Heard broke the law and defame somebody with a lie. That's, isn't that against the law, Leon? No, no. If you can prove that somebody has defamed somebody, I'm just saying from a libertarian perspective. There we go. Should it be. But no, but the difference is if we're not talking to say about the law, right? Because it was the law that all the Jews get on the train in Germany, right? And that doesn't mean it's correct. I mean, it's libertarian. You want to go outside the law. Okay. You want to go into the issue of whether it is moral or whether, whether in a libertarian world, this should be allowed or not. Is what you're saying, right? Yeah. I mean, exactly. Should this, should this be something that the government gets involved in or not? That's the issue. I think. And so, and I, you know, believe me, I'm really happy for debt. But I'm just trying to wonder about the implications on speech, right? If, if somebody can say something that can be interpreted by somebody else in their head to cause you damage at, at what point are you able to constrain their speech? Because I mean, that's really what we're talking about. Well, then let me ask, let me turn this around. Jason, let me ask you a question then. In the libertarian world, we are in the libertarian world now. Okay. What do I do if somebody is damaging my reputation to the point of damaging my ability to feed my family and to maintain my home? What, what, what records do I have? Yeah. And, and, you know, that's, you know, for, for some people who are hardcore libertarians, they'd say, well, you're hoping that the market will, will sort of regulate that in the sense that somebody who tells lies all the time, just nobody's going to believe them is what you're, you're hoping is going to happen. But I mean, we're seeing the same thing happen with written house.  I mean, it was no question.  And now he's had damages.  And so should he be able to, and it's certainly, I'm sympathetic to this. I'm just, you know, at what point do we want, I guess, government being the arbiter of speech. That's okay. You can pull my anarcho capitalist membership card, if you want. But yeah, the, to me, the courts are necessary for the figuring out these kinds of issues. And more, but they are the courts are the arbiter of the truth so that they find, you know, in situations like this where he said, she said, you're going to find out who said the truth and who lied. And that's what is a, you know, I'm okay with that as a libertarian. You know, I'm fine with that. Okay. So pull my anarcho capitalist card. I'm off the reservation in that regard. And I'm in favor of having a court system. Jury or within which we get to arbitrate these kinds of disputes one libertarian to another. Yeah, you go. But I want to make this point. Okay, Jason, and I don't know if this will clear up our little disagreement here. What we are talking about here, two private individuals, two private individuals have a dispute and they have chosen a forum where that dispute is will be arbitrated and adjudicated. That's all. And if two private individuals are making, have made a choice to allow the courts to do it, I cannot see how that varies any libertarian principle. I don't agree with you though. That's, that's not exactly what happened. If he sues her, if she doesn't answer, she automatically has to pay. So it's not like they both choose to go to court. You're making it sound like they both made an agreement to go to court here and adjudicate this, and it's not the case. He literally is suing her and the government will come and take her money away if she does not come and answer that. So she, she's forced to answer or she automatically has to give up the money. Now I'm not saying necessarily that that makes your case wrong or anything. I'm just saying that that, that point though is not true. Wait, wait, hold on. Jason, are you an American citizen? Are you saying that we are all under the contract of American law by virtue? Exactly. Exactly. We are under the contract.  We are choosing to be under that contract. And if we choose to be in a contract, we are choosing the courts to adjudicate our differences. Okay. So you're for the social contract just to have that on record? I am for the Constitution of the United States. Yes. Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness always.


Yeah, so the other, the design expressions what we have discussed, design equations for ideal reactors, okay.  Yeah, so these are the three equations which we have derived. We spent lot of time in understanding what is batch ideal, plug flow ideal, mixed flow ideal and all that. Finally you have very simple equations. The simple equations have come because we have very beautiful assumptions what is perfect mixing, what is ideal plug flow, what is ideal batch, because of those equations, assumptions only you could get very simple equation, right, good. So now if you go back to your, that information required for reactor design, this is input output kinetics and I have contacting then here we have batch continuous P F M F, okay that way this is physical chemical, right. So this is the design information required for the design, this all kinetics will give me minus R A, this will give me what? Reactor volume only but I think what volume you are talking, okay reaction is also not the one, that the entire thing will give you what kind of react you have to use for stand, contacting, okay. So you have to choose that whether you have to batch or continuous and out of that you have to choose now, you see so many times repeating also you are not able to get still the points, you know, yeah all this will give me the type of reactor which I have to choose. This suddenly will not give you the rate or someone was telling, Abdul was telling conversion. How can you get conversion the moment you take contacting, okay. So you need again for get conversion, you need what kind of reactor you are going to use, what is the rate expression and what is the input, okay. So now these are the, then output will be volume if conversion is known or conversion if volume is known, that is all, okay. So now by deriving these equations what are the quantities you have now with you? Very good, what kind of reactors we have discussed, so how do you choose we have discussed? So that means I have information on this, okay, yeah, then that is all, that is all. What is performance equation? Output equal to function of input, kinetics, contacting, yeah, okay, yeah. So what is the information till now we have covered for that using, yeah, for this equation if you want to calculate finally either volume or conversion, what is the information? You said contacting you know, that means you know how to choose a reactor, okay. So then you know again kinetics, we do not know, we have not discussed anything about how do you get this minus r A, okay, this minus r A, right. So then what about output, sorry, what about input? Input did we discuss? It is based on the output we can do, okay, yeah. So input we have never discussed, input we have never discussed, F A naught we have never discussed. Sir we can decide the input but we cannot decide the input, only by the rate we can decide the input. How do you get F A naught we have not discussed? That is the first thing we know before starting any plant. What Abdull, what has happened?  In your language F A naught is what? So then why do you say that input is not known, we have not discussed. So many times we have discussed about input and then I was telling you that you know if you do not have time, appoint a MBA guy and then get all the, ask him to do the market survey and get what is the total capacity for this plant we have to design.   Xothermic reactions, when do you choose mixed flow reactor? Xothermic reaction, Xothermic reaction, yeah, first of all liquid phase reactions, I mean high residence times will come, most of the time liquid phase reactions, okay, then even if it is gas phase sometimes if the temperature control is very crucial, then temperature, you know, when you have exothermic reactions, so under those conditions only you choose mixed flow reactions, okay, when do you choose batch reactor? Small scale production, when I ask thereby in, except thereby in everyone talks, okay, you mean, okay, so small productions like may be 10 tens, you know 50 tens, 30 tens you go for batch, but I think you know somewhere 80, 100 and all that we do not know which one is right, but definitely 1000 tens per day is continuous, okay, so that is why you have all the information, I think do not disappoint me because so much time I have now spent on contacting so that that will be permanently printed in your brain, but it might be printed, but you are not able to recall, you know that information recalling also is important, you know, what is that random access memory or AM, so that access is not there, you are printing somewhere, I think you know, computer also stores somewhere but to get that file out, your interest must be there, you should not forget so easily, okay, anyway, so all this we have spent lot of time in deciding which reactor you have to use, either this reactor, this reactor, this reactor, that comes from this, this is what, type of reactor and this is what, F A naught and now we have to find out what is minus R A, right, okay, so now let us talk about rate of reaction. I just taught it a little bit, rate of reaction, rate of reaction, mainly it is our key reactant minus R A we call and I may have a rate A going to R, general rate or it may be having any complicated rate, right, so how do I determine my rate and we are talking first about the homogeneous systems and then we can talk about heterogeneous, homogeneous. Homogeneous means either I have gas phase reaction or liquid phase reaction, everything is available in that phase, if there are two reactants, two liquids, thoroughly mixed, two gases, you do not have to do anything, they will anyway thoroughly mix, okay, so we are talking about only gas phase or liquid phase for homogeneous reaction. Now if I have homogeneous reaction between A and B giving me R L, how do I know what is the order of reaction, okay, R I may have A gas going to R gas plus S gas, I cannot have R and I mean L and G because that will become heterogeneous system, okay and before this we have also defined now what kind of rates you can express, like homogeneous means mostly it is liquid, volume of the liquid or, okay, volume of the liquid otherwise you have many possibilities for heterogeneous system, that will come a little bit later but this one, so if someone tells that, okay I have now A plus B going to, now onwards please write in the bracket what is the state of the reactant, when it is reacting, not at room temperature, when it is actually reacting, okay, you may have both A and B liquids at room temperature, so under actual reaction conditions both may be vapours, so that is again homogeneous but gas phase reaction, now you have to see whether the reaction time is very small or large, so depending on that, so because you have the reactants liquid phase does not mean that you choose only C S T R, we are talking about those conditions we are talking about whether gas phase or liquid phase at the time of reaction only, but the small things also you know sometimes you may not get there, I have now this is first order but how do you know it is elementary, when I just asked you how do you know it is elementary, Pooja you are telling something, how do you know it is, you cannot see where see the actual reaction whether it is taking place in single step or two steps, you do not know, that is very important, so you can never say anything about the rate equation or order of rate or what kind of rate equation you get unless you conduct experiment, so that is why chemical reaction engineering always associated with the experiments, so do not tell very proudly that no, no, no, I am I fund agai, so I only talk about mathematics and I cannot conduct any experiment, you have to conduct experiments, okay, so otherwise you will never get a rate expression, but if it is already someone did and then if you are copying, copying is very easy you can do many things, okay, so that is not the one, so always reaction engineering associated with experiments because the first thing I do not know is whether this reaction is elementary or non-elementary I do not know, then what kind of rate form I will get I do not know, right and I will ask you another question, I have 2 A L plus 2 B L giving me R L, what is the order of reaction? Can I take this one as elementary reaction? No, no, no, order greater than 3, why order greater than 3, I mean why are you angry with orders greater than 3 or why you do not like orders greater than 3? How do you know there are lot of intermediate steps? First of all why you are telling that orders cannot be more than 3? That you have to remember, in nature if I have only A decomposing easiest, right, so when I have that means 2 molecules come together 2 A's and again they will collide and then they decompose, okay some kind of activation energy all is required, so if you have A and B 2 different molecules coming they come together again collide, okay, so depending on the energetic collisions they will have more and more product coming but important thing is molecule collision, so when you go to third order that means 3 molecules coming together, so the probability will fall very drastically, 2 coming together is good, 1 is of course just decompose reactions are many, right, 2, then 3 probability is less, 4 probability is 0, almost may be 0.0001, so that is why you do not have 4 molecules together or 3 molecules also together and then coming and happily getting reacted, reacting is very very difficult, so that is why in nature people have not seen that orders beyond 3 and third order reactions also I told you, what is the order I gave you, 2 NO plus O 2 that is one thing NO third order that means 2 NO molecules are coming, 1 O 2 molecule is coming together they are able to collide and they are able to give you know the product, so that is why people observed that experimentally later proved that yes this is a third order reaction where 2 moles of this and 1 mole of this coming together and reacting, so that is why absolutely I told you in fact that is what I have been telling you many times, contacting is the easiest one to remember in chemical reaction area, it is the actual reactions which are very very difficult to remember or very very difficult to get the information on rate of reaction, this is simply homogeneous and the moment I go for heterogeneous you will have real help, it is not that easy for heterogeneous reactions to get, right, so simplest equations if you take even combustion, coal combustion, there are hundreds of equations, okay heterogeneous systems, right, so that is why the easiest one in fact is of course input is the easiest one you need not do at all ask MBA guy to get information, second easiest one is contacting because you have only 3 ideal systems, you know now at least you know under what conditions you choose what reactor and then the next one is to get the output is the kinetics and kinetics is the most difficult part, for example very innocent looking equation like this A plus B going to R, you do not know what is happening there, it can be very very complicated equation, it is not simple second order, right or it cannot be simple pseudo first order, by looking at that you can never tell that, so that means you have to go to experiments and experiments you have to prove that whether it is elementary with respect to A if it is first order with respect to B if it is first order then you may think that, okay one molecule of A B reacting with another molecule of B then I am getting product all that imagination comes after doing the experiment and then proving what is the order then your model will come or otherwise in the beginning itself imagine that A is colliding with B develop equations finally have some rate equation go to laboratory do the experiment and then check whether what you have written those equations exactly tallying with your experimental data that is another way I am not saying whether this is right or that is right so depending on your convenience you may start this way you may start this way either from experiment or from theory so that is why but what we know at this point of time is only one thing rate is a function of that is all rate of reaction is a function of concentration and temperature that is all I know now that functionality I have to find out so that is why for convenience sake I can also write this one as a function of C A and T which also can be written as some kind of function F 1 T and F 2 C A I have divided that function into two groups where the term which is depending on temperature and the term which is depending on concentration so by keeping the temperature constant that means at 100 degree centigrade exactly isothermal condition then I will vary various concentrations and all that and try to find out what is the concentration dependency on the rate dependency on concentration that is one thing so once I know that this is the okay for easy thing it is the first order then I know that term that functionality now I will vary the temperatures 100 120 140 160 then I will get now the temperature dependency or rate dependency on temperature concentration is already known so that is the two terms what we have to now learn and fortunately for us F 1 T is only K naught E power minus E by RT we have given this equation Arrhenius that is the only equation we have there are many finally it is distilled to that level right so how do you get this format like for example the that functionality you know that functionality T can also be called as K rate constant so that functionality is an exponential function how do you know that experimentally people have also found but from thermodynamics from collision theory from transition state theory people have different equations for rate constant okay so this if I say this one as rate constant K K now the functionality of K can be obtained from thermodynamics and also from kinetic theory of gases kinetic theory in this kinetic theory again we have collision theory and another one transition state theory yeah but finally all these things will give me that format and actually that format is a simplification of all these things except of thermodynamics almost rate you get so now let us quickly see how do we get that format because that is easy to start okay the functionality that concentration is much more difficult but here at least with the temperature we have only one term and that is easy to get and from thermodynamics first let me tell you how do you get that format this format means exponential term okay you know we are now trying to find out that K functionality using thermodynamic information and you know thermodynamic information temperature dependency constant from thermodynamics okay good if you have because you know simple equations we will take just to get the point A going to R maybe A gas B R going to I mean R also gas then I have here K 1 K 2 its equilibrium reaction right so you heard of front of equation front of yeah so the front of equation will give me yeah that equation in terms of differentiation capital K yeah this one here equal to delta H R by RT square okay that is the first equation I have written for kinetics right I mean these things are okay this equation 1 2 this is 3 yeah so this equation we can also write you know this K is nothing but K 1 and this is equilibrium constant capital K and I write small K like this okay and capital K like this there is no round there okay so this is capital K okay where capital K as K 1 by K 2 okay so now I can also write the same thing here this will be if I write substitute this is equation 4 if I put equation 4 in 3 then what I get is ln small K 1 by D T minus D of ln small K 2 by D T also equal to E 1 minus E 2 divided by RT square where you have this information where E 1 minus E 2 equal to what delta H R right yeah good so now I can take that similarities here for example this term is equivalent to this term this term is equivalent to that term okay so if I yeah so this is equivalent to D ln K 1 by D T equal to E 1 by RT square minus E 1 by RT because you know the answer you are telling but I think I also want mathematics already done it yeah so this may be a surprise test so if you simply write without writing anything in between that answer I will put zero because I think I cannot go to your mind and then see you know what you have done I want something on the paper right yeah so this is equal to minus E by or E 1 by RT so this is one of the forms so you know yeah ln K 1 ln K is minus E by RT instead of just writing E 1 and K 1 like that yeah so integration constant then I will write equal to K naught into exponential yeah that is what integration constant we should not forget yeah so numbers if I give this is 4 this is 5 6 7 8 so this is one conclusion from thermodynamics that the rate dependency k rate of reaction rate constant dependency with temperature maybe something like this but again it is not true unless you check with the experiments okay so now we can come and discuss with you know the kinetic theory kinetic theory particularly collision theory yeah in collision theory what is the assumption yeah so all the particles will come together they will be colliding but all the collisions are not energetic collisions they may not be resulting only some fraction of the collisions will give you the product that fraction is mathematically it can be proved as this term exponential minus E by RT by the way what are the units of this minus E by RT unit less okay so that exponential term will give me the fraction of collisions which are resulting the product so that is why that fraction this fraction will increase if I increase the temperature when you are increasing the temperature the energetic collisions will increase so that is why at high temperatures you will get high rate of reaction okay but from kinetic theory of gases we have an equation the equation is k is proportional to T to the power of half E power minus E by RT or if I remove the proportionality constant this may be some k0 dash T to the power of half E power minus E by RT that is the equation so equation 9 equation 10 okay so definitely this is different than the thermodynamic relation right okay good so now the next one next one because here I am not going into details I am just telling you we have kinetic theory I mean there is lot of information very very very old one I think 100 years back also they did that okay so finally there are equations and all that but our final information what we require is because we need an equation for k value which is depending on temperature so this is the information what you have to remember or if you want to remember I think actual derivations also you can remember right physical chemistry people would have done it already good so then yeah the next one is transition state theory what is the assumption in transition state theory anyone anyone who has come across this transition state theory transition state theory okay yeah that tells us if I have again you know a reaction A plus B going to R here our imagination is that first A and B again will collide that collisions must be there because they are moving they have to collide okay no gas will be at rest unless you go to okay because this A and B is always moving you will have the collisions now those collisions will not give you directly R right yeah then what it will give our assumption is that that is leading to some kind of intermediate then intermediate will have sufficient energy and then that will decompose to product this is another imagination you see you can have for the same experimental data thousands of models when you conduct for example A plus B going to R experimental data right and you measure what is the k values or what are the conversions or rates rates you can measure there so now you go to collision theory and now imagine that A plus B getting collided and then you will have rate of reaction some conversion or rate of reaction can be expressed now in terms of collision theory you will have a rate equation right so similarly now you have another model in your mind all models are in our mind why why they are in our mind yeah because you know exactly what is happening there it is there or not I do not know that is why now I am imagining probably this is what is happening like exactly I am looking at you I am thinking that I am doing a very good job but I think by looking at you but I think you may not understood anything till now what I have talked 14 class 4 okay so my concept you know in my mind what I am thinking is that you may be understanding but actually you feel that you are not understood anything how do I find out yes that is experiment correct no so similarly here also you have any number of models and now final test is doing experiment so once you have experiment if thereby and thus you cannot get same conditions you would not get you should not get different r a because that means you do not know how to do the experiment if you differently get at different places but conditions are same exactly same concentration same temperatures okay if you maintain all that anywhere in the world you do you should get the that is constant experimental data is the true truth but your model is not the true why this imagination of a plus b giving us a intermediate product then it is decomposing to the final product all that is a model your experimental data if it verifies there then you can say that okay my my transition theory is right but in this case if someone tries with okay thereby and tries with collision and swish method tries with transition state okay what do you do if both are correct in theory experiment they must be right you know so this is what is the current problem also because these models approximately tally all these they tally a little bit it is not that one theory is perfect for this another theory is perfect for this so that is the reason why even now we do not understand what is actual molecular you know collisions and then giving us the product that is why we are lucky as chemical engineers because we do not have to worry why at the end only I will see whether I get conversion or not how they are reacting okay yeah chemistry they have to you know break their mind saying that okay you know this molecule is not reacting that molecule is not reacting because that poor fellows they have to fight for that okay because our our objective is to produce the chemical somehow okay yeah so that is the reason why but still we should know the theory that is why we are telling that the transition state theory and one imagination as I told you here is a plus b giving me that is again a reversible step a b star that is the intermediate then this intermediate is it is not reversible intermediate is this is again an assumption so now I have here k 1 k 2 k 3 yeah okay all these constants right so intermediate is not permanently there because I think after sometime it will disappear but temporarily it will form and then go away so then another imagination for this is that I have energy and here we have reaction path reaction coordinates what we say and then reaction coordinate what we will say then you will have a little bit of dip here may be energy yeah okay this may be one situation and another situation you have again energy reaction path so it may be starting at low very small for some reactions you do not see that also much yeah like this so this one this one is e 1 this one is e 2 energy okay and here also I have this one e 1 this one e 2 did you see this diagram earlier and here we have the activated complex so it needs some energy to reach this peak and from there it is decomposing okay energy decreasing that activated complex energy is decreasing so then you will have in this case one type of reaction this case one of the another type of reaction okay it is e 1 minus e 2 where can you tell which is exothermic reaction which is endothermic reaction first one is exothermic why e 1 minus e 2 is yeah negative exactly so this is minus delta h r so which is exo and this one is minus okay delta h r no yeah plus delta h r which is endo this this diagram is also important because sometimes in the interviews and all that I may also ask in surprise test because surprise test is only for 5 minutes you have to clearly write draw the reaction coordinates and if you do not draw anything and then only draw those two lines I do not give any marks I am just telling you good so this is the one so this is another way of imagining the reaction rate but we are not going to that kind of so much details right but our functionality here is k is proportional to t to the power of sorry not to the power t into minus e by r t this is another equation so this is equation 11 and this also k is k not dash for example t e power minus e by r t this is yeah so now you see you have the real problem that is why I told you kinetics are really difficult for us okay so now you have three equations one from thermodynamics which gives me nice equation like this one from collision theory which gives t to the power of of some constant right and here another equation from transition state theory with you know k is proportional to t this is here k is proportional to t to the power of of this one here k is proportional to t to the power of 0 okay which one is right we do not know okay so people say that Arrhenius was very smart and then he told that it does not matter so the variation of this term because exponential term is much much higher when compared to the variation of this term k 0 into t to the power of of r that t so you take this entire thing as a constant which is independent of temperature so that means the variation in that constant will not be it is it is not much so that is why finally Arrhenius equation in this format it is accepted and that is what we use 99.99 times in all C R E books okay in all C R E books good so at least now you have one term very confidently known as that f 1 t function of you know temperature f 1 that term now we are taking only Arrhenius equation type that means k equal to k 0 into e power minus e by r t people call that k 0 as collision factor yeah so all kinds of thing we can yeah okay so finally that term f 1 of t will be k 0 e power minus e by r t right I mean actually we can also prove that you know Levenspiel does that I do not know in which volume he has done it yeah he does something like this k equal to k 0 t to the power of m yeah e to the power of m into e power minus e by r t yeah and differentiate with respect to you know take longs first longs of this so long k equal to long k 0 plus m long t plus correct minus e by r t now differentiate this with respect to with respect to temperature okay d oh sorry sorry thank you thank you who is telling that d l n k oh ok d l n k very nice so d l n k so then the equation what you get is I will leave it to you okay I will just leave it to you then finally this can be written as m r t plus e by r t square because I may ask this also in the separate test so that is why that mathematical details I have to see in your thing okay so I lost equations so this is 12 this is 13 this is 14 side business I have started here okay this is 15 this is 16 okay so now for many reactions what they found was m r t is almost negligible okay approximately yeah I do not say okay it is negligible when compared to I think I will write here okay negligible compared to compared to for this is very crucial m r t that m multiplied by r m is that exponent okay we think that m is only either it can be 0 0 means Arrhenius equation half means collision one means yeah it seems there are some models which m is 4 in some models some kinetic models kinetic theory of gases some more models also will give you not only half and one I think sometimes you have this information which model I do not know but I have that you know sometimes it can go to even 3 also 3 and 4 also okay but anyway we are happy to ignore this so that we have this kind of rate expression which is nothing but k rate constant equal to k not e power minus e by r t so this is the final term correct whole r t square whole r t square that is why you have to derive that and then you find out okay you derive that do not ask me now okay because if I ask I will tell the answer and you will give the answer because I also want people you know when they do not write also I am happy because correction is less so okay anyway good anyway it is very simple you can just differentiate and then take the l c m and all that you will get okay I am not really trying to say that you should not write anything I am happy if all of you get s real s not by copying and all that okay good okay so this is the one what we have in that first you know two parts we have the k part f 1 t and we have the other parties f f 2 c a now what kind of thing what kind of format you get for this f 1 f 2 c a okay if you are very lucky then this will be simple okay one one means if I have rate equation minus r a equal to simply k c a equal to 1 c a to the power of 0 so it is zero order reaction okay so zero that is why it is one we have told there is no fourth order in nature if they are elementary reactions that is very very important elementary reactions means they are behaving the way they are supposed to behave right but if they are not elementary then non elementary means that kind of mechanisms will come which one a plus b going to again some intermediate now it is straight forward that intermediate is going to only directly r so that way we will go to something else okay so like that you will have 4 5 steps the best example is h b r decompositions reaction to yeah h 2 plus b r 2 giving you 2 h b r it is not decompositions it is the actual reaction there how many steps and also there are some 4 5 types of mechanisms which are possible but experimental data is only 1 so you have to fit one of those things but that in a way I will tell you a little bit later so this is one or this can be c a okay I am telling about only that part because we told that minus r a is f 1 t into f 2 c a so now this one I know this is equal to k where k equal to this oh this equation number 14 oh 17 17 okay good so now this we are focusing that can be either f 1 f 2 c a can be c a or c a square c a cubed c a cube or in general it may be c a to the power of n where n can be 0 to 3 0 to 3 it can also be negative but negative orders we have not observed again in nature okay so that is why it can be but it need not be integer it can be even fraction fraction also so that is why I told you it is very very difficult to the kinetics part in reaction engineering if unfortunately if you want to design a reactor on your own from from scratch right so from scratch means you do not know how much you have to produce that is very easy to get then you do not know what kind of you know the kinetic stoichiometric equation but you do not know what is the rate of reaction minus r a what is the order and all that so you have to conduct the rate I mean you have to conduct the experiment to find out what is the rate and what form you will get you need not get all the time k into c a you may get any kind of you know crazy equation like you may have also c a by k plus c a are okay some other form k means again you may think rate constant ya so m plus c a that format so that is why absolutely you do not have any idea of you know what kind of thing you are you are going to get when you have this kind of you know in in kinetics that is why that is much more difficult for us to deal with when compared to contacting that is why I started contacting but you know I could have started either this or that does not matter but this time I started with contacting so that you will have 3 reactors and any one of them you can use to find out minus r a this one minus r a minus r a is f 1 t f 2 c a need not be always batch reactor it can be even in fact the c s t r is the best reactor to find out kinetics okay so now what we have to discuss is that yes if someone gives me I have a reaction stoichiometric equation okay a l plus b l giving me r l now I have to find out the rate minus r a this minus r a I have decomposed into these two f 1 t and f 2 c a but this fellow I know very well so this is nothing but minus e by r t but still I do not know c a how do I do that we have to do the experiment okay suppose I give you this a plus b going to r how do you conduct the experiment by the by what for you are conducting the experiment to find out the to find out the rate you should have that minus r a okay you should have that this is the problem with our all our labs you know without telling what is the exact aim you know without discussion much we give that you know to find only aim this much okay find kinetics but we do not know we do not explain to you why you have to find the kinetics and what are the problems in finding kinetics and all that and then we will also tell that okay go to lab you have a reactor you have a reactant a reactant what are the famous in the world reactants soda metaxa and 90% of the labs in the world conducts sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate that is called estrification reaction yeah yeah safe means what is going to kill you means going to kill you or not yeah but not only that all that is apart the kinetics are known to us whether you are right or wrong you should know that is the reason why I think well behaved equation as we said all those things are right but apart from that we know the kinetics that is also one drawback okay because we know the kinetics you will somehow get the answer okay you do not really get the answer somehow analysis also is very but if you do it because you know k is this much at 30 degree centigrade somehow you will get it yeah but if I do not know all that and then if I am only talking about a totally new new stoichiometric equation how do you go about that everything is a problem I tell you I can give straight away mtech or ms or phd if I give you I think two components and then go to lab and then you conduct the experiment on your own we do not tell anything everything you have to do it you have to choose what is the size of the container you have to choose the temperature you have to choose the concentration you have to choose the analytical method I will tell you I think it is very very very difficult in fact we are not training you in that way that is why at least you know I ate amadas do not they may not listen to me when I say in our department but I told in amruta universities or for mtech students do not tell anything ask them to go on do some experiments let them define their own experiment I want to do only flow through pipes okay or that means he has to choose the pipe he has to use the flow rate he has to construct the you know the all that connections pump and all that pumping and all that then a distillation column means a small distillation column he has to do it then you learn a lot but unfortunately in no other education institutions we are doing that allowing you to do all that we tried in our 8 amadas experimentation so we gave fluid mechanics lab for btech students long time back I do not know still they are breaking so you know there was a column like for example pipes were there right fluid mechanics no or fluidized bed was there so what they did was they removed all the pipes they do not know how to put it back again so they waited 2 days 3 days 4 days nothing is coming then mechanic has to come and then put it back destroying is very easy creating entropy is very easy but decreasing entropy is very difficult right I do not know whether you understood what I said yeah creating entropy we are all entropy generators one small bomb here in this room that is all this will disappear and you will get the maximum disorder when you have maximum disorder what will be the entropy yeah very high yeah so but now order comes if I ask you again okay you have exploded that building now you construct in the same way same shape you bring it you know how much time it takes how much energy required that is what is the difficulty to go in that direction you know the decreasing in entropy increasing entropy is very easy that is what is happening throughout the world increasing entropy not only I think that is why the thermodynamics is a philosophical subject it is not destroying building or increasing disorder by moving or by sending cars and I know all vehicles and all that not only that it is philosophically also our brain also goes for more and more disorder that is why 100 years back the sincerity the kind of people what we have all those people when you think at least you know we would have not seen them but at least we have some information on that and how ethical they are how good they are how they were treating anyone when they come you know all over anywhere on this planet I tell you


For thousands of years it stood as the tallest unnatural structure in the world. Certainly there must have been a good reason to go to all this trouble to construct such a wondrous monument, and we now know that it certainly was not a tomb.


Welcome to the U.S. Naval War College, the Navy's home of thought. NWC Talks features our world-class experts examining national security matters. We hope you enjoy the conversation. In February 2007, Russian President Vladimir Putin took the podium at the Munich International Security Conference and gave a dramatic speech on the danger of the unipolar global security environment led by the United States. Steps away from President Putin sat then U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, Senators John McCain and Joseph Lieberman, Angela Merkel, and other foreign policy luminaries from around the world. In the bluntest of terms, Putin accused the United States of pursuing policies aimed at reinforcing its supreme power across the globe at the expense of all other nations in general and of Russia in particular. That speech was Russia's declaration of the start of its new great power competition with the United States. Great power competition, that's a term we hear quite a bit these days. It's thrown around in Washington DC all the time. But what does great power competition look like from Moscow's point of view? And how has Russia carried out this competition? I'm Professor Mike Peterson, the Director of the Russia Maritime Studies Institute, and this is NWC Talks. We've reached a rare bipartisan moment in Washington, one in which there is broad agreement that the United States is in the midst of a serious competition with other great powers, especially Russia and China, and that this competition will fundamentally reshape geopolitics for better or for worse for the foreseeable future. Great power competition and conflict has been a fact of relations between states for centuries, but few nations in history have paid the bill for this quite like Russia has. Napoleon's devastating invasion of the Russian Empire in 1812 and the catastrophic war with Nazi Germany, in which perhaps as many as 26 million Soviet citizens were killed, are both seared across Russian history and Russian culture and Russian literature. They are a fundamental part of what it means to be Russian, a fundamental part of Russian identity. During the Cold War the Warsaw Pact provided a modicum of strategic buffer between the Soviet Union and its NATO rivals, but the collapse of that system and NATO's accession of those states has revived old fears. These historical realities have colored Russian perceptions of competition and conflict, and if you don't believe that's true, I'd ask you to carry out a thought experiment with yourself. Imagine that history that I just proposed to you, but imagine it happened to the United States, a history of war and conquest and invasion. Now imagine that the United States lost the Cold War and that Canada and Mexico joined the Warsaw Pact, and you may begin to get some kind of sense for what it's like to be a Russian and to look out at the world around you and understand what may be in store if you don't secure your own territorial well-being, your own national well-being. Russia's entry into the arena of great power competition in the 21st century can be traced to the early days of 2007. That year the United States would enter its sixth year of war in Afghanistan, the fourth year of its war in Iraq. So-called color revolutions had been challenging authoritarianism and corruption around the Russian periphery, first in Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, and Ukraine, and later in Iran, and even for a short period in Russia itself. And these protests rattled the government in Moscow, which was convinced that the movements were a direct result of U.S. efforts to export democracy to the post-Soviet states, and that this would come at great cost to Russian security. When President Putin took the podium in Munich, he argued that the world was seeing an uncontained hyperuse of force, as he put it. Force that is plunging the world into an abyss of permanent conflicts. He accused the United States of abusing international law and, as he said, overstepping its national borders in every way. As a result, he said, no one feels safe. No one feels safe, he repeated. Who is happy with this? Who can be happy with this? He asked the audience around him.  Over the next decade, Russia wouldn't make good on that brutal promise. The first clear example of Russia's new approach would occur when it went to war with Georgia in 2008, short-circuiting a tightening of relations between NATO and the government in Tbilisi. But the 2011 Arab Spring and the killing of Muammar Gaddafi in Libya were more evidence to Russia that the West was still on the march. In 2014, Russia intervened in Ukraine, seeking to put a stop to what they saw as the Ukrainian drift into the European Union's orbit. And they did so by annexing Crimea and initiating a destabilizing conflict in Donetsk and Luhansk in eastern Ukraine. In 2015, Moscow intervened to stabilize to protect its long-time ally and partner, Syria, from both the depredations of ISIS and what it saw as U.S.-backed pro-democracy forces. But it's important to understand that these were not attempts to restore the Soviet Empire, nor were they attempts to restore the Tsarist Empire. From the Russian perspective, these are entirely defensive moves. Defensive moves aimed at securing Russia's borders, at providing that buffer space, at creating greater conditions for Russian security. This is not an effort to restore any kind of Soviet or Russian Empire. Russia has been very successful in these activities over the last several years, but how have they managed to compete? Their economy, after all, is much smaller than the U.S. by at least one measure. It's the 12th largest around the world, behind the likes of Italy and Canada. The U.S. defense budget is 10 times the size of Russia's. Texas and California alone have larger economies than the Russian Federation. So how is it that Russia is able to compete in this environment? The answer to this question lies in Russian conceptions of modern competition and conflict. At the heart of Russian thought on these issues lies the hunt for strategic asymmetries. Russian strategic thinkers acknowledged that in terms of military force, they simply cannot compete over the long term with the U.S. and NATO. This has led them into the use of what they call political methods to put themselves in an advantageous position vis-a-vis their rivals. By political methods, I don't mean Kenanesk notions of political warfare. This is something different, something Russian, something with a Russian twist to it. Russia envisions using these political methods to bring about political changes and policy changes in other states and to prepare the battlefield for military action. It seeks to make a target nation ungovernable by undermining its leadership, by undermining its faith in national institutions, and thereby paralyzing decision-making and allowing Russia to seize the initiative. I think we in the United States can understand this very well in the wake of the 2016 presidential election. At the military operational level, this hunt for strategic asymmetries translates into using its advanced military hardware to deter the U.S. and NATO. And, if deterrence fails, of raising the cost, of raising the human and economic cost of conflict to a height so high that it becomes politically impossible for its adversaries to sustain that conflict. But that's not to say that Russia is seeking a high-end, high-intensity conflict with the United States. Even though that's exactly what their military trains for, it most assuredly does not seek such a conflict. As I've said, Russian strategic thinkers understand that a military conflict with the U.S. is not in their interest. Instead, Russia competes below the level of armed conflict to achieve its strategic goals. It seeks to exploit differing degrees of ambiguity in order to seize and maintain the initiative and to keep its opponents off balance. The most famous example of this are the little green men who appeared in Ukraine or who appeared in Crimea in 2014. These little green men were unacknowledged military units with no unit patches, Russian Marine infantry and special forces officers who appeared to seize communications checkpoints and important strategic sites such as airfields and government buildings to ease the seizure of the Crimean Peninsula. Russia has also exploited the services of even more ambiguous, more ostensibly deniable so-called impolite people. These include militiamen, biker gangs, and private military contractors. These are private groups given quiet support by the state to carry out strategic goals of destabilizing rivals or propping up friends. However, there's a catch-22 with using these groups for deniable activities. In order to make those groups deniable, they have to operate at a level of remove from the state. However, the farther they are from state control, the less effective they may be or the more dangerous their activities may become. If they are unleashed from the state, they may wander off the reservation and commit acts that are truly dangerous from a global security perspective. If Ganey Prugosian's Wagner group offers a cautionary tale in this respect. In 2016, the Assad regime offered Prugosian a contract in which he could receive the 20 percent of the profits of all oil and gas facilities that were taken back from ISIS and from U.S.-backed Syrian Democratic forces. So in 2018, Prugosian put together his Wagner group and their Syrian partners and those forces marched on the town of Derazor and the gas facility outside the town. That gas facility was in the possession of U.S. Special Operations soldiers and their Syrian partners. In the four-hour battle that followed, U.S. Special Operations soldiers under constant artillery, rocket, and mortar fire called an airstrike after airstrike after airstrike killing hundreds of Syrians and Russians. Put another way, the military forces of a global nuclear superpower directly engaged the armed and hostile citizens of another global military superpower who was carrying out activities at the behest of that state. This is a very dangerous situation in which Americans and Russians find themselves trading fire and anger the first time since the Vietnam War that has occurred. Thus, a resurgent Russia seeks once again to engage in great power competition. But in its means and methods of doing so, in its hunt for strategic asymmetries, the risk of miscalculation and conflict is elevated and spiraling geopolitical tensions are the result. Thank you for sharing a few minutes with me. I'm Mike Peterson and this is NWC Talks.


One misjudged turn. One careless act can result in personal injury and property loss. These programs are designed to give you a basic understanding of the procedures and principles involved in loading and towing highway equipment on the tilt bed trailer. In Part 1 we'll cover pre-trip inspections, the daily checks you make to be sure the truck and trailer won't fall apart when you leave the yard. Then we'll look at hooking up the truck and trailer, then loading and securing a loader onto the trailer. In Part 2 we'll cover towing and basic maneuvering, unloading the trailer, then loading materials, guardrail and pipe. Before we begin, let's discuss your responsibility. The rule is simple.  So if loading heavy equipment is new to you, by all means ask for help. But it's your responsibility to double check all work done by someone else. Don't move the trailer until you're satisfied the load is secure and safe to take out on the road. OK, pre-trip inspections. First there are the inspections for the truck. Checking engine oil, coolant and so on. These checks are covered in the tapes on dump truck operation, so we won't go into them here. Just make sure you use a tandem truck, one with two rear axles. And all trucks used for towing trailers have to be equipped with separate brakes for the trailer. So what do you check on the trailer? Let's start with the safety chains. They're your first line of defense should the trailer separate from the hitch on the truck. Look for worn or cracked links, anything that could affect the strength of the chain. Then check the breakaway switch. The breakaway switch will apply the trailer brakes if the hitch and safety chains fail. Check the breakaway switch battery by flipping the switch on the battery tester. If the light comes on, the battery is good. If not, you can remove the battery and recharge it. Good tires at the right pressure are critical for safe towing, so take a good look. Use a gauge if you think the tires are under or over-inflated. Check the condition of the tread and side walls. Look for uneven tread wear, cuts, embedded stones. And check for loose or broken lug nuts and axle bolts. Everything's got to be tight. Now on some of our trailers, the wheel bearings are lubricated with oil inside this plastic seal. Check the level and keep the oil up to the full mark on the seal. Look over the whole trailer. If you're satisfied that it's in good shape, you can go ahead and hook up to the truck. Before you hook up, it's a good idea to put some weight in the dump box. That extra weight will give you better control. Back the truck up slowly until the hitch on the truck lines up with the trailer tongue. You may have to raise or lower the trailer tongue depending on the height of the hitch. When we got lucky, the hitch and tongue matched up on the first try. Put the truck in neutral and set the parking brake. Then, using the trailer jack, lower the tongue until it rests on the hitch. Be sure to secure the jack stand to the trailer. You don't want it dragging on the ground when you're towing. Close the hitch and latch it with a pin so it can't pop open. Then, hook up the electrical connector. That supplies power from the truck's battery to the trailer's lights, brakes, and battery tester. Then, hook up the safety chains to the truck's frame. Leave plenty of slack so the trailer can turn freely. And fasten the breakaway switch to the truck. After you get everything hooked up, check the lights on the trailer. If none work, recheck the electrical connector. And if only some work, look for burned out bulbs. Now to lower the trailer for loading, crank the platform lock out to release it. And walk to the end of the trailer. That's why it's called a tilt bed. The trailer will tilt down under your weight. When you get the trailer down, look for leaks of oil or other damage to the cushioning cylinder. And block the wheels on both sides of the trailer. Take a good look at the tie-down chains and binders. Use approved chains, no less than three-eighths of an inch thick. One bad chain or binder can mean the difference between a routine trip and a serious accident. If they're okay, go get the loader. Back the loader slowly up the trailer. If your loader has four-wheel drive, use it. And take it easy. This is where most accidents happen. Whenever possible, use a spotter to guide you, but make sure they remain in a safe position. You want to end up with about 15% of the loader's weight on the hitch and the rest of the weight on the trailer's axles. So when the trailer bed comes down, move the loader until you get the correct weight distribution. It makes the trailer a lot easier to control. The bucket so it rests flat on the trailer and set the parking brake. On articulated loaders, you have to use the safety bar to lock the loader's front end in place. You may have to move the steering wheel slightly to get the holes lined up so you can insert the pins.  Reset the platform lock. If you don't, a slight shift in weight will make the bed tilt back down. Now before we cover tying down the loader, let's take a look at another type of trailer, the Lowboy. The inspections and preparations for loading are pretty much the same, but getting the equipment onto the trailer is quite a bit different. Unlike the tilt bed, the Lowboy trailer has two ramps you use to drive the equipment onto the trailer. You adjust the ramps to match the wheelbase of the equipment, in this case a small tractor. And it's a good idea to block the ramps for extra support. Act the tractor slowly up the ramps. As you can see, it's not that easy. Constantly check the position of all the wheels while you're going up the ramps. If it doesn't look safe, it isn't safe.  You may have to adjust the spacing of the ramps. Of course, you can make it easier on yourself if you load and unload off of the loading dock. The point is, do it the safest way possible. Always load and unload on the most level ground you can find, and do it slowly. Okay, now let's get back to the tilt bed. You've got the loader positioned correctly. Now you have to tie it down. For a big piece of heavy equipment like the loader, you should use at least three or four chains, and there should be four tie-down points. Let's start in the rear. Pass two of the chains through the hitch on the back of the loader. Make sure there's a sturdy pin in the hitch to keep the chain in place, and attach the other end to the trailer. Then attach the binder and take up the slack in the chains. After you get it tight, wrap up the excess chain. For the front end, attach your chain to the arms of the boom on each side of the bucket, and secure the other end of the chain to the trailer. Then take up the slack with the binder. He's using the ratchet-type binder here. We're trying to get away from the spring-loaded type. Here's why. They're just plain dangerous. If you have to use a spring-loaded binder, use the department's approved extension bar to tighten and loosen the binder. An unapproved cheater bar or pipe can slip off the binder easily and might injure you when it snaps back. This is how you should end up. Two chains and binders on the hitch. Two chains and binders on the bucket. All fasten securely to the trailer. And the loader positioned properly on the trailer. Most of the weight on the axles and a slight pressure on the hitch. If the piece of equipment you're towing has a turbocharger, tape down the rain cap on the exhaust stack. That keeps air from rushing in and damaging the turbocharger. But be careful, the exhaust stack may still be hot. Again, double-check everything. All tie-down points are they tight. The tires. You've just added a lot of weight to the trailer. Did it affect the tires? Recheck the hitch, safety chains, electrical connector and breakaway switch. Remember, from this point on, you're responsible for the trailer and load. You know, parachutists always pack their own chutes. They just don't trust anyone else to do it for them. And in the same way, if you inspect your own trailer, you know you're safe. Well, that's it for Part 1. In Part 2, we'll get out on the road and cover towing and unloading the trailer and loading it again with guardrail and pipe.


For the last 247 years, the history of the Marine Corps has been built by its warriors. Marines who take pride in their title, earning the distinct reputation with honor and commitment on the battlefield. And as time moves forward, the Marine Corps is constantly growing and adapting in order to continue to be the world's most elite fighting force. As the United States Marine Corps' 247th birthday arrives, we celebrate every Marine, past, present, and future. Semper Fidelis and Happy Birthday Marines.