Hello all welcome. So this talk is more about the, so far we have heard about conversations on localized problem solving around hyperlocal problem statements or in the lost mail delivery problems or even the vehicle routing problems in the lost mail. So this talk is more about the background before entering into the lost mail and it will be heavily on the context of the e-commerce or a marketplace kind of scenario. So my name is Senthil. A quick introduction about me. My name is Senthil. I am a product manager in Flipkart. I have worked in several supply chain problems all the way from the very start of Flipkart having its own supply chain till now. A quick update on the flow of the conversation would be like first is about talking about the landscape that we operate. What are the dynamics of the landscape? What are the dynamics of the landscape that is coming outside as a demand and what is the dynamics of the landscape that we operate within the business? Second is about what is the key problem statements in this domain. So there is a bunch of problem statements that we look at it and how the network intelligence has a subject or a concept is well positioned in this overall scheme of things. And finally if time permits we will also talk about an illustration of a particular use case or a particular problem statement and see how we have evolved in that direction. That's a overall part of the overall journey for this conversation. First we'll start with an operating landscape. Step one is from a Flipkart or e-commerce marketplace scenario the categories that we operate is humongous. So these are some of the typical examples that I can quote here is like books which is very different from the way it operate for which we operate. It's very different from the way we operate books to furniture or it could be larger plants or it could be grocery and so on and entering into jewelry and new subjects like that. So the product categories comes with different dynamics altogether. The dynamics in terms of working capital management, the margin that it operates, the consumer demand it generates and the kind of consumer expectation that it generates is very very different. Not only that this product also has very different types of attributes. For example if I want to deliver furniture to a house it's not one product that need to be delivered. It could be multiple parts that need to be delivered or it could be some of the damaged parts that need to be delivered which could be a replacement of a part rather than the whole product. Or it could be some of the products could be fragile for example it's a wall clock. It need to be handled with care. Also the stacking norms of the product differs across the categories and so on and so forth. The managing of products could be in lots or it could be in heaps or it could be high value and inflammation or it could be in hazardous product and so on and so forth. The third dynamic that we talk about is customer segments. The customer segment that we operate is pan India with a variety of customer categories they come from. For example we just launched a plus program which is our loyalty program. So there is a difference between the plus and non-plus customers. There's a tier 1, tier 2, tier 3 customers, there's metro customers, there's millionaires that we operate. There's a women population that we operate with different age groups and so on and so forth. The important subject here is that these customers have different needs when they look at the e-commerce platform and when you intermingle that with the products and its and kind of dynamics the product brings in, the e-commerce platform is pushed to deliver a lot of new services. It's not just vanilla delivery that we do, place an order, get it delivered. It opens up a variety of new supply chain services that is required. It could be schedule delivery, next day delivery or it could be faster speed like same day delivery, slaughter delivery. We talked about some of the in the morning conference we talked about schedule delivery in the last many years. It's also could be installation. We do furniture and other stuff which requires installation, reverse pickups, open box delivery, so on and so forth. It could be a very different thing if we enter into the house and deliver things, right? Compared to something else. So there are very tough supply chain services. Not only that, it also can, since some of the deliveries could be much much longer in lead time, like it could be three days or five days and so forth. The customer needs also change between that order journey from the time of order placement all the way to deliver. He can change the address or it could be changing the delivery location, date, place and so on and so forth, right? So the variety of supply chain service could be intermingled. And finally, to operate all these things, the fulfillment models that we work in a e-commerce marketplaces, very different. It is not always an inventory and we deliver to the location. It is also about sellers managing their own inventory and partnering with the sellers to deliver the products. It could be brands who is managing the inventory for a variety of marketplaces, not only for Flipkart. How do you interplay with them? Are ready to make orders? For example, if we are launching jewelry, it could be ready to make orders that we want to deliver to the customer and so on and so forth. How many channel hyper local? Flipkart is in grocery these days. So we are in hyper local. We are looking at hyper local and how many channel business in a very close fashion, right? So there are multiple fulfillment models that can be operated for this kind of customer demand. All this thing comes with the one important part of demand volatility. What a demand volatility here is that the demand variation that we see in a marketplace scenario or in a e-commerce scenario is very, very high in terms of so it is also induced as well as received. The induced part is that we run a lot of sale events. Recently we finished our big billion days and when we so that the scale that we operate on a big billion is maybe 5x or 6x of the range that we operate in a BA scenario. So it comes with a very different demand volatility into the picture. The second given this operating landscape, right? When we look at supply chain, how does the supply chain look like? We operate hundreds of warehouses with millions of products in the warehouses. We have hundreds and thousands of sellers who is part of the entire e-commerce story for us. These partners not only spread across the country and the kind of customers also across the country. So we have the supply chain here is not catering to a very specific location. It is from all the way from warehouse to seller to any number of pin codes in the country, right? It is from all the possibility from all the 20k pin codes, the source could be at all the 20k pin codes and the customer or the destination could be all the 20k. That's the kind of supply chain network that we are talking about here. So all these things are delivered to people, vehicles and those are the currencies of operations. So if I look at the people part, we manage a large fleet force, co-owned, partnered and so on and so forth. So the number of fleet force that we manage is also humongous with different skill set. It's not a specific, it's not only a delivery skill set. We look at installation, if you look at people etiquette, there's a grocery delivery where we are doing delivery inside the warehouse, inside the house of the customer with the very different things. While a book delivery requires a very different etiquette in front of the customer, right? So the skill set of this field force varies a lot. And second, the next part is about the partners and vendors. The entire supply chain when we connect all this 20k pin codes to all the other 20k pin codes in the country, it's not only a job that Flipkart can march forward, we also need the partners and vendors who can play a very key role in taking us forward in the journey. So Aditya also mentioned about the millions of packets that we deal in a network, right? So if you look at our network at any point, it has more than a million of parcels that's moving around. And from all the sources and all this destination, the routing of this parcel become much more important. We operate across multiple operating methods. So today Jerome was talking about the truck testing. So we operate on more than 1000s in the scale of 1000s of trucks that we manage, bikes, our own large line all vehicles, we also partner with all the cargo movers through flight and train and all those vehicle modes, all the transportation modes is also part of the story. When it's not only about the physics that we move around, there's also a lot of cash that moves around this entire network. It's in tons of, it's in tens of crores of cash is getting dealt every day. It's also closer to a bank supply chain. So that's the amount of cash because of the COD or the cash on delivery nature of the business. That's the amount of cash that we deal in. So the another interesting part is that this also comes with supply value volatility. So for example, a vehicle can get broke down or it could be an external climatic condition that is changing or it could be the absenteeism that we are seeing in a particular location or it could be a festivals and holidays and so on and so forth. So it all brings up the overall supply volatility picture to us along with the demand volatility picture that we saw in the previous slide. What does all indicate to us? It indicates, so here, at this point, I want to take a step back and look at what is network. Network can be defined in various contests. The supply chain network means it is the operator, so all the element that we saw in the previous slide. The sellers, warehouses, vehicles, people, partners, vendors and all the stuff that is included along with our own facilities, delivery hubs, people called dispatch centres and so on and so forth. So all these things form the part of the network. Now if in the, as Flipkart grew up, Flipkart also had a very fast scaling of things. So it is like, when do you employ intelligence? Vis-a-vis how do you fast scale? So that's a trade-off conversation we usually have. So in the initial days when we had this growth, what we did is that we operated mostly from the inventory model. So it's an incoming demand in a variation form. When it comes to us, every order is pushed into a VAROS. Remember we talked about a millions of packets and this is very close to how our VAROS looks like. From VAROS, it has to get sorted all the way to the 20k pin codes that we talked about. So it's a sortation in itself, it's a very huge problem. So sortation, let me give you one snapshot about sortation. It's not about connecting one product to 20,000 pin codes. Every product has different nature. So we talked about furniture, we talked about grocery. Every product has a different level of sortation. Above that we also apply new services to customer. We talked about next-day delivery, we talked about same-day delivery, installation, all these things when they couple together, the sortation in itself is a huge subject that opens up a lot of complexity to us. So if we push orders to a VAROS and we start processing the orders, the orders get piled up, waiting for a transport connection to arrive at some point in time. And when you see the piling orders and when you design a transport connection given a piling orders, your transport network looks much more complex. And if you're doing it instantaneously, it will always lead to a load. It's all in the industry term as LTL, use load truck load, which reduces our efficiency and cost utilization significantly. While we are managing this, we also have implications because of not employing intelligence into this way of working. Which is customers screaming at us and cost increasing exponentially. So there are a few snapshots about how customer concerns come to us. Most of the customers problem is where is my order. And when you look at this piling network and we say where it is stuck and if I'm not able to give you my right answer, he's going to scream at me back every number ten. The second problem is that most of the times also coupled with all the last problem that Aditya talked about, fake attempt and so on and so forth. So managing the entire network is in itself a complex. So then that's the first point I want to do. And second step is that when we step back and look at this entire network, which we talked about connecting all the hundreds of thousands of sellers and along with our warehouse to all the way to the customer. So it's not a push-based model where you get an order, you operate your push into warehouse and process this works. We need to step back and look at what are our push-ins or what are the problem statement that we need to rethink to develop an intelligent module about this. That's Albert Einstein talking about how important is to stay with the problem. It's more about thinking about the problem and getting in the right frame of the problem statement much more important than actually getting into the solving. Solving it could be much more simpler when you think about the problem statement of this kind that we talked about. So let me talk about some of the directional problems that we as an organization started thinking about. Step one, for every order what is the full frame of model that will be rightly operated? Should I engage a marketplace model here or should I engage into an inventory model? How does this frame of what full frame model need to be operated for an order comes out? The second is how should the inventory be reserved in a network?  So where should I position my inventory or where should I reserve my inventory for a given order? If I am understanding the inventory reservation part, what should be when should I release the inventory? Should I release immediately like the thing that we saw previously where we saw the inventory get reserved in a warehouse and it can immediately choke into a sortation or it can lead to a very inefficient transportation mechanism. So should the orders be processed in a real-time basis or should we batch it, wait for some information and start processing it? What should be the shipment flow path? So we have a variety of nodes, for example, if I want to connect from Bangalore to Guwahati, what should be the path that I should? Should I stop in Kolkata and go all the way to Guwahati or should I employ a transport from all the way from Bangalore to Guwahati or it should be fly to Guwahati? There are a lot of options that we have, right? So assessing this shipment flow path is much more important for me. And then across we talked about the exception that can happen, which is the variability. For example, a customer can say that I don't want this order anymore. Or you can say that I want the order to be delivered to some other day or it could be a climatic condition playing a role in its part where we need to be answerable to customer in a more deterministic manner, right? So how do we take this exception? How do we build insights about this exposure and answer the customer query in a more predictable manner? And other things would be is that when should it start a transport connection? Should it start a tug immediately from a Bangalore or from a Bangalore virus to, let's say, on its expedition to Hyderabad? Should I start it now or should I start it later? What should be the transfer connection? It opens up a plethora of problems with along with like and other could be is that what kind of flexibilities can I offer to the customer given at given point in time or given point in time of the order journey? So we say this adding to that that could be other problems like which is which is beyond my conversation here will be about forecast demand planning, supply planning, inventory positioning, inventory planning and so on so forth, which is not part of this conversation though. So how our journey started the journey started with building workflows because we are a scaling organization at one point we are our orders are increasing at 10x, 3x, 2x and so on so forth. So one end we are building workflows, we are building our network, we are scaling our network in a very fast manner. So building workflows becomes a critical part but while we are building workflows, the previous problem statement that we talked about orders getting piled up in a big network and you're getting stuck everywhere and your customers are getting a little bit angry about stuff of product not reaching their warehouse every time. So it's about extracting right data. So we've been looking at this problem statement, we've been looking at this problem statement, we've been looking at this problem statement, we started from workflows. We want to instrument a lot of information, instrumentation some of the 친구 we talked about the Los mail, where we have fees traversing what is the Geo data that we are getting, apart from that how are we managing vendor relationship, how is our moment for what they're operating hours, how they model their information exercise? We our journey of modeling in a liter of data across the notes are factors we've talked about in the supply network. Then you know Then building awareness, it's an integrated awareness that become much more important to us. The integrated awareness in the sense that from all the way from loss mail doing, in a loss mail, if you're allocating an FE, how it replicates and come back to when should an order be released in a barrel. So that awareness has to be integrated across the network. And that was one of the key pointed. And then employ some control levers in the network. If I am able to be awareness, I need to be employ some control levers in the network. I need to deliver a product on a particular day, 30 days, 30 products in this capacity. That is some amount of levers and tools need to be provided to him for him to employ it. Otherwise, whatever that I do as an intelligent part will become shallow. Then the next part is about the building the intelligence itself, right? So we'll talk about more on the intelligence. But the overall goal of this theme is first is to become more an orderly and predictable execution. That's a goal that we want to achieve while we solve all these problems. So that we will be able to provide right answers to customer whenever customer walks to us. So now let me think about the logical view of it. So how did we go about building such amount of network intelligence? Step one is that we were, instead of building workflows, we stepped up and looked at building systems and processes in the model systems and processes in the language of lead time and throughput. Every processes in the supply chain is modeled as a service entity and above that lead time and throughput of that is constantly defined. And every time there is a separate team that works on refining this lead time, making it much more efficient and feeding back to the lead time and increasing capacity part of it. Once we have these activities and process lead time in our pocket, the second step is to build this into a customer view. Customer view is the next day delivery, where I was doing an operation of picking and packing a product. How does it reflect as in terms of next day delivery or same day delivery to a customer? Then about the business and customer intelligence need to be coupled. So what services should be offered to what customers, what businesses much more pruned to what services. So it opens up that area for us. And having all these things lead to us in providing right service offerings and pricing to customers. So pricing is a very vast subject we may discuss in subsequent sessions if possible. Here the idea is that having services, understanding customer need, understanding business need will enable us to offer right services with the element of pricing into it. So that leads to customer choices. Now when you look into the other thing that we talked about is about the events and disruption that can happen across the network. So we need to build a real time engine which can publish all the events and disruption that can happen across the network. One could be predictable, one could be unpredictable or it could be schedule like a band or so on and so forth. So all this information comes through us, we started building a logistics inside module which looks at all these disruptions possible in the world and funnel that information to any decision making layer. So this is one important concept, it's about demand prediction. In the context of Flipkart or marketplace, in the context of Flipkart, when we take a decision for a given order, it is an opportunity cost for the upcoming orders. So it is not only taking a decision for that particular order, it has to be treated holistically. I can give you an example for example, let's say we have one product in an inventory and there are two customers walking in at time t1 and t2 and first customer could be a new customer and second customer could be a very loyal customer to us because it's very high on the plus. How do we, if I am taking a decision at t1 for the incoming customer, I would have reserved that order to the customer but may not be the right thing to do. So keeping a demand prediction becomes much more important to us and that's one area where we are investing heavily. All these things lead to generating some real-time fulfillment decisions. In the subsequent slide we talk about, maybe we take a talk one subject and say how the real-time fulfillment decision has been designed. Then once you have a real-time fulfillment decision, you also have to operate those levers that we generated in the network by creating an orchestration across the network. So what are the orchestration elements that you have? You have arrows, you have people working on the floor or you have your lost mail hubs, you have transportation nodes, you have partners and all these people are players in the network. And once you take a decision or a plan, once you create a plan for an order, then you need to orchestrate with these players in the node so that this can be, the goal can be achieved. And that's an example of the execution system. Here could be a Varro's management system or it could be a lost mail management system or it could be a transportation management system or it could be all the way to the inventory planning all together. So this is the area where we call us network intelligence all together. And the execution system, so as we progress in our journey, in the initial days we were heavy on the execution system, modeling those execution systems. And as we scale now and we look at, with the power of more data in our hands, our investment goes heavy on the network intelligence part.  So there are a lot of building blocks in the entire plethora of FSG technology, which is supply chain technology in Flipkart. You will see a lot of other systems like Varro's and all those things and also you will also see location platform, location intelligence, network intelligence. We talked about logistics inside. We talked about how to get real-time events and funnel that between that we have scheduled and unscheduled. We have people management, like we have a bunch of people who need to be skilled at various levels. So the skill management itself is a very big subject altogether. So all this information gets funneled by various modules and come to a box called real-time fulfillment decision maker. And that's why I called this fulfillment decision cockpit. From there the decision and the plan for an order is created and it comes down through a network orchestrator all the way across to the network. So that's a high-level system quick view of it. So now let me define what is network intelligence and orchestration means. Given that we have this subject in the background. In a simple sense it's a constraint of our planning system. So what are the constraints? We talked about systems, process, lead time, throughput. Those are the constraints that we have here. And being able to plan on knowing this constraint itself is a big subject altogether. The second thing is that the decisions need to be taken in the subject of visibility of the entire network. Of all the nodes, how they are moving, what are the things that's happening around the network. And also a notion of understanding what capacity they can do. If an FE walks into a hub, how many shipments can he handle? If he's a new FE, he could have handled very less number of shipments or if it's a old FE, he can have much more shipments based on location, etc. That's a capacity notion. All this information is much more important in order to take a real-time fulfillment decision. It also goes from iterative planning, there are multiple events and disruption that's happening either from the customer side or from the supply side. So all these events have to be funneled back to in order to take a right decision. So this defines what is network intelligence in English. Now if you flow the orders again, let's say we have this concept of network intelligence and if you want to flow this orders again, how does it usually look like the same kind of variation? It can come with a high level of variation. But what we do is that we don't push orders to the barrows. We hold orders. We hold orders and take a decision whether it need to be filled at a real-time manner or it should be fulfilled in a batch manner. This is done along with the batch order is not only with the orders that is accumulated over till time. It also includes all the future orders that can be predicted based on our all changes that we are doing in the network. The second thing is about once we are able to understand the batch. The example of a batch could be that I pick orders from barrows only for the next transport connection. Or I could pick orders from the barrows only for the particular zonal areas where the products are located very close by so that the picker's efficiency increases. So these are the multitude of signals that goes in before deciding a batch. And once a batch is decided, that goes for a planned order. The barrows executive knows exactly what he needs to pick at what location. And when he picks it forms a story for the entire order path. And the sortation becomes much more simpler because I am able to pick the orders in a very sequence manner. It is for a particular sortation plan. If I look at the overall decision that I made, the decision is made for a overall order. The order scenario considers all the factors. So whenever I pick a product it is going to need for a certain sortation plan that the sortation plan gets much more simplified in this thing. And also since I am taking a holistic decision the routing becomes much more informed and much more educated and I can always achieve a full truck load whenever I need it. The implication is always better customer experience and significant reduction of cost. So that is the story that we are marching towards. And in the next few slides what we will do is that we will see how a barrows of an order get selected or a batch get formed. So inventory we talked about a bunch of problem statement for what a full filament system should take and all the subjects in itself is very deep and we will not have time to cover everything. So I want to talk more about how we do inventory reservation and release in the barrows. So the question is which barrows to select given an order. So the first step we do is that we do not take that point into decision anymore. We hold order we also have the orders that is accumulated till time. We also look at what are the future orders comes in. Then we prioritize among these orders. The prioritization comes from all available barrows and inventory all available barrows and inventory available in this barrows across the seller included. So look at the list of this thing. Identify flow pod choices. So given a batch given this order segments what are multiple choices that is possible. So it is only a divergent problem thinking here. So taking an order we look at all the choices of arrows from the choice of arrows. We look at all the choice of flow pod. So it is getting diverged and then we look at so every pod has a cost as a SLA tradeoff either I can minimize the cost or I can minimize the time to reach the tradeoff across every orders that need that can be taken and this orders has to be treated very specifically because for example if you have ordered an iPhone X in Flipkart you will demand fast delivery as a customer or if you have ordered a t-shirt which could come in 3-4 days you don't wait for a t-shirt to come into your doorstep immediately. So there is order wise and customer wise all the parameters that we talked about the category wise particular order wise particular customer wise gathering this contest enables us to set a price for an order to take in cost versus SLA tradeoff. Then there is risk in the supply chain right so we may have new partners who are new to the system or it could be an evolved partner they give better SLA but 50% of times or it could be a well established partner and they may give a longer lead time but with high reliability so assisting the risk along with that and finally before doing an inventory allocation we also think about whether to allocate the inventory right away or not the case that we talked about if my match is prepared for a future maybe tomorrow I don't have to allocate right away because I can still get more information and decide the later point in time what need to be allocated or it could be the other way around it's a plus customer and I do not want to derail this experience I will allocate the inventory right away for that customer or it could be pre-orders pre-orders is a concept in e-commerce where a book like Harry Potter book getting launched in future customers have placed order right away so I allocate orders right away for them because there is no deviation in his mind in terms of whether we will get it or not now if this concept lead to varro selection how to batch an orders as usual we determine the flow path for an order now the important thing is that once you determine the flow path now there are areas where we have levers to place our transport connection on a network so how do you balance your transfer should be issued from Bangalore should I operate all the south zone south destinations in the morning or should I operate in the evening how do I balance this network once I do the balancing of the network from Bangalore I am connected all the way across the country so if I am balancing the network how will I group this network so that the sortations plan can be devised properly if I am able to do the sortation plan now I do a backward provocation across all so starting from the last mail we think about when the product has to reach the customer then work backwards and figure out what is the latest time I need to release this order inventory into the warehouse once I determine that I also do a forward provocation because releasing at the latest point means there is no queues in the network or no piling up in the network but any disruption can affect this order much more and also if there is no enough demand for a particular day I am making people I say tidal which means that utilization can go down so backward provocation then also we do a forward provocation the goal of forward provocation is to figure out what is the earliest time I need to release an order into the warehouse which includes the goal here is to see how I can maximize the utilization of the current resources that I have and also the minimized risk so this is the pointers of pointing questions to us about how to select a warehouse or how to batch an order in a warehouse all these things lead to us building custom algorithms so we have defined a lot of algorithms in every subject in the next slide we may talk about one area what are the parameters going inside so this has led to us build a lot of custom algorithms in the network intelligence layer now if I think about only modeling warehouse selection as one of the problem statement how did we go about solving that problem we talked about what are the parameters lead to selecting a warehouse now if I think about how will I model this in a real time scenario first is that everything has a business value so what are the operating levers here either it is speed in terms of delivery SLA or it could be cost in the actual opportunity cost that we are looking at and it is also the risk involved in managing any of the product across our network all this thing has to be modeled to a common business value and organization may take a step of increasing the speed so that it increases the conversion speed or reduce cost so that I increase my cm all this parameter so the business value is a point in time or a point in time strategic decision where the prioritization of any of this thing happen and come to a common unit of business value the objective function is to maximize the value of a batch of orders when creating a batch of orders so the maximum value the parameters that we consider is that for example if an order is given an order what is the cost curve of an order if it flow through multiple paths if I decide a path what is the cost of serving the path if I don't decide then if I do if I if I take an order and if I ask the order to wait for some more time what is the cost of losing that order out of the future value of the order so that is a cost curve of an order that we determine and then cost of serving an order determined from the the common one is that I can delay the order as much as possible so that I can increase I can reduce the cost of serving this order but there's a probability that the order can get cancelled or it can derail from my experience the other end of the spectrum is that I can go only looking at order and look at the minimum cost of serving the order there's a commonality between these two points and that determines our minimal cost of serving an order the opportunity cost versus actually serving that serving that order that commonality comes as a cost of an order or flow path once we identify this cost of the flow path we start modeling the risks all associated with this then the second two steps are much more simpler identification of path which is just an orchestration path and identification of arrows which is again following the simple so this is how we took so just to summarize some of the conversation that we had we talked about the landscape of e-commerce we talked about different products that get operated we also talked about the supply nuances what is supply chain network means we also talked about what are the what is the problem with scale when we don't have an intelligent network orchestration so we also define what is the network intelligence and how did we how a network intelligence has a concept sits into overall scheme of things in the technology stack then we also looked at a lot of problems that need to be addressed before serving an order we zoomed into one particular problem which is the arrow selection as such and then we talked about what are the parameters that gets into before selecting an arrows so that's it from my side folks so hi so my question is slightly tangential but I feel like you're the right person to ask is that in terms of the whole supply chain that you described there's also the key element of people management that you touched upon at some point now my concern or the question is that there's regulatory compliance in terms of labour laws and there's also a human resource need in terms of making sure that all of the people working for you are in a good state to work so at a very basic simplistic level if you could tell me how many hours are FE's required to work and how do you cap it like what drives the decision and what other kinds of people or human centered constraints are put into consideration so let me start with the first problem statement that you mentioned about the human constraint that we face our arrows are kept at very different locations it's not part of the center of the city so it's all outside the city just because of the space cost that is involved in it so everywhere for everywhere also that is operating outside there is a working timing that need to be defined as per the compliance law it cannot be 24 bar 7 if it is 24 bar 7 there is a rate the salary increase has to be significantly higher for the remaining part of the day and also there should be transportation solutions should be there for this employees to go up and down and second thing is about the safety nature includes employing medical facilities near the large that we operate and also other laws applies in a virus scenario for example that could be recreational facilities for a longer continuous work not a law but it is our way of encouraging to reduce the fatigue of this employees we also have recreational facilities and other things that we come as part of the layouting of the arrows itself the second is about when you look at the employee timing in the logistics side it's a usual eight hour shift that we manage we have an eight hour shift and there is overtime paid for the remaining two to three hours that we extend as per the laws defined by various geographies of India how do you measure efficiency for example given time so it is about not about the number of products he deliver in a particular day it is about the number of products he can deliver given the time period of day and also it is about the geographical nuances for example as our system knows based on the heuristics we know that AFE can deliver n number of products in a particular geographical area so it is about the location of the address and then we use it as a metric to measure the productivity of the AFE and relating it back to the mornings talk about address failure and geolocation issues whenever there is technology failure in that sense how does that fall upon the AFE or how much does their feedback count and how do you improve upon it or what kind of cost does an AFE have for infrastructure failure may not be the best question should I go ahead Hi, my question is on you spoke a little bit about modelling risk so I wanted to ask on what kind of risks are you looking at and if you can give some detail on how do you attempt to model it like sure so the risk curve twofold to start with one is the product risk itself so if I am taking high value product let's say it's iPhone X and for some reason the information is available that it's iPhone X so it induces any of the person who is handling the parcel to take a hand take his hands on it so there's a risk on the product itself the risk on the product is also under the second dimension of the risk is about the people who is operating that product if I have a high value product let's say I am operating jewelry for hypothetical sake and I am doing diamond jewelry order there is a significant risk involved in moving this gold item or this jewelry item from one point to another point so who are the parties that need to handle this product what are the delivery nodes it has to or what are the nodes it has to go through is based on the risk assessment of the subjects like people as well as the facilities the risk assessment of that the second part is about the risk of people or the facility if you look into it from a risk perspective of people we know the history of people we have a background verification check across all of our executives we also know the tenure of the executives what are the remarks that he got from different transactions that he dealt with so that information is all instrumented using those information we extrapolate and figure out what is the risk of this person handling this product the second is that about the facility or the nature of this location itself if you come to Flipkart for say various geographic location we don't deliver this product high value products are not delivered to various jocular pockets that we identify where we will not deliver the product beyond a cutoff beyond the value of a product we don't deliver the product because the risk on the area itself very high where people know Flipkart employees where they go and vandalize employees and collect the shipments we understand those pockets and we keep feeding into the real-time engine that I talked about we store this information to take any risk related assessment


Hi, Krisha. Good to have you online and Good morning to those of you who are here in the class. So we'll get started Okay, we have four Old Testament books left So Today we were supposed to do Zephaniah and Haggai But I do not want to cover Zephaniah with Haggai because Haggai and Zechariah have a lot in common They both have a similar theme. So today we will look at Zephaniah and Malakai and tomorrow we'll deal with the Haggai and Zechariah because they both have a similar theme so today we are now starting off with Zephaniah and Just to give a little background about who Zephaniah is one of the most familiar kings of you know Southern Judah was Hezekiah because he was a godly man and You know, there are good things that happened during his reign. So Hezekiah of course had many sons Now the main air to the throne was of course Manasseh But apart from Manasseh, he also had many other sons. So Manasseh was probably the oldest There was also another son named Amaraya. So Manasseh gives birth to the next king who is called Amen And as we know both Manasseh and Amen were very wicked and evil kings We do learn in second chronicles chapter 32 that Manasseh repents of his sinfulness and He commits himself to the Lord, you know later on in life But his son Amen when he comes to the throne, he is completely evil In fact, he gets assassinated after just two years of being on the throne So these are some of the things that we see happening through Manasseh's lineage So you have Hezekiah giving birth to Manasseh and Manasseh gives birth to Amen and Amen's son is Josiah. That is the way the lineage works. And as we know because you know Amen gets assassinated just after two years of being on the throne When Josiah is placed on the throne is just an eight-year-old child So basically someone else would have been taking care of the administration while the boy Grows up. So it's around 16 years of age that Josiah, you know Starts to take a active interest in godly things and also probably probably starts, you know Learning how to take on the administration and the royal Role and all of that. So all of these things are happening through Manasseh's Lineage on the other hand as we know, Hezekiah also had many other sons so one of his other sons was someone named Amaraya and Amaraya gives birth to Gedalaya and The grandson of Gedalaya is this person that we are talking about prophet Zephaniah So Zephaniah was a part of the royal extended family He's not just someone who came from a you know Prophetic background or a priestly background. He came from a royal background. So Age-wise, they probably were almost the same age Not exactly sure how that works out because technically speaking Zephaniah belongs to one generation younger than Josiah, but you know depending on who married whom at what age and Depending on when they finally had a baby So because of all of those, you know, factors which are involved at least age-wise It looks like Zephaniah and Josiah would probably have been almost the same age. Josiah probably was a little older But if you're looking in terms of the number of generations involved Josiah would be The great grandson of Hezekiah. So Hezekiah's great grandson would be Josiah On the other hand Zephaniah would be a great great grandson. Okay, so those are just the details So Zephaniah being such a godly person and you know having that call of God upon his life He might have played a role in influencing Josiah because in his early childhood We don't see any indications of Josiah being godly But then by the time he reaches 16 years of age That is when he really begins to take the things of God very seriously So who knows, you know Zephaniah might have played a role in the spiritual growth of Josiah. Okay, so that could be possible and So About 20 years are now left for Judah to fall, you know for Jerusalem to be captured So in the last 20 years is when Zephaniah is doing his ministry and his prophesying is telling people even now It is not too late if you would only like to listen, you know to what God is saying So that is when he begins prophesying about 20 years before the fall of Jerusalem. He starts his prophecies About eight years after he begins his prophecies Josiah dies we we covered that I think in the last class the foolishness of Josiah He goes to fight against Pharaoh Nekko when there was no need to do that Pharaoh Nekko in fact says to him God is asking me to go and do I know fight this battle Why are you standing in my way and yet Josiah chooses to disguise himself Enter into the battle and he you know gets himself killed So Josiah basically dies 12 years before the capture Just Zephaniah has started his ministry 20 years before the fall of Capture of Jerusalem So these are the you know, this is a timeline that we can kind of Approximately get looking at the book itself the book of Zephaniah Just to have a brief idea of the structure all the three chapters are mainly talking about the Judgment on the day of the Lord the terrible judgment that is going to come upon the land In the last portion of chapter 3, you know the about 10 or 11 verses is basically where there is hope offered Where you know God speaks about how he will restore Israel one day Otherwise most of the three chapters are mainly about judgment He He arranges the judgments in an alternate manner He first of all starts by talking about universal judgment That would be chapter one versus one to three is universal judgment Then one four to two three will be judgment upon Judah Then again after talking about Judah, he goes back to the other nations He talks about judgment upon different nations in chapter two versus four to fifteen Among those verses you also have you know the prophecy about Nineveh falling So maybe we could actually read out that particular Verse simply because we've already talked about Nineveh how Nineveh fell all of those details So if someone could read out Zephaniah chapter 2 verse 13 Yes Nineveh will be utterly desolate and it will become as dry as a desert and we have talked about how this was true How you know the archaeologists could not even discover Nineveh until you know in the 19th century So So he begins by giving Words of universal judgment Then he talks a little bit about judgment upon Judah Then he moves into judgment upon the surrounding nations And next again he comes back to words of judgment upon Jerusalem And finally in the end, you know chapter 3 versus 8 to 10 He talks about how the nations will be judged and how the nations will also be cleaned By the Lord how they will be cleansed by the Lord. Okay, so That's the portion and then finally he comes into the last Section where some words of restoration are offered Maybe we could look at one of those Chapter 3 was 20 if someone could read out Yes, so The last few verses end with hope where God says one day even though you are in a pathetic condition now I will honor you in that in that last You know in those last days is what Zephaniah says through the Lord Coming to maybe one or two passages that we can quickly look at Uh, if if we if someone could read out chapter 1 versus 4 to 6 Zephaniah 1 4 to 6 Yeah, that that that's So we see that uh Zephaniah is prophesying and saying that the people have turned back from following the Lord They're not following him anymore. He says they do not seek the Lord nor inquire of him So whom are they seeking for guidance whom are they going to for inquiring? You know What to do what decision to take they are doing all this inquiring on their rooftops It's explained that they are worshiping the stars of heaven the constellations and basing all their decisions on the way Those stars are arranged. They're basically using astrology for their decision making They're not turning to the Lord. That is the way they are living Also, what what else are they doing? They are bowing down and swearing by the Lord You know as as if they are honoring God and they're worshiping him But at the same time, they're also swearing by mulek This um, uh, some versions will say melcom some versions will say mulek. This is basically your Um, you know pagan god of fire So it is it is basically to this pagan god of fire that you know, they would offer human sacrifices Babies be put in that fire to be burnt and roasted because that is that you know makes the demons happy So that's basically what was going on So all of this was very very terrible in God's eyes and he was speaking out words of prophecy against these people Uh, so which means at this point of times if Josiah has not yet started his work of revival and reformation So this must be during the early years of his rule, you know where um, um, he has not yet had that Encounter with the Lord which you know, we started his transformation process So in the early years of Josiah's rule the same things which had been happening, you know in the time of amen And of course in the time of manase for a while he stops all of that once he repents his repentance was true Not a fake repentance. Uh, not like those people of nene way only lasted a few years This man manase he does try to remove all of those practices But then his son amen brings everything back and so um, a lot of worship to this fire god of mulek a lot of Babies being murdered all of this is going on in the land And uh, Zephaniah is speaking out against all of those things So he probably had a very in great influence on Josiah. Josiah's change transformation Is coming to the lord and then you know, he Josiah goes to the extent of bringing about a revival in the entire land So Zephaniah probably had a part to play in all of these things um Yeah some of the Okay, yeah, we don't we won't get into the details of the kind of idol worship that was going on But yeah, there are all kinds of details regarding that Um, maybe if someone could read out Zephaniah chapter two verse four Okay, here. There is a judgment being brought against one of the uh, you know surrounding Areas which has not at not under the control of uh, juda right now. So Zephaniah is prophesying and he says these are the things which god will do Gaza will be completely abandoned. It will be completely deserted Ash cologne will be completely reduced to ruins Because you know, um, that place will be judged Uh, and as for ash dot, you know by midday, it will be emptied basically That's just a figure of speech It means that very very quickly, you know before the day even ends very very quickly ash dot will be emptied out And then also a place named acron is mentioned and how that place will be uprooted Now these are all areas which are, you know, if you were to mention these places to someone living in Jerusalem at that time They would immediately know those names You're talking about places which like just very immediately around the Jerusalem region And the nice thing is that because joseph really completely 101 percent sets heart on the lord Once he begins his walk with god. He there's no looking back. He is completely committed So because of what of the attitude of joseph We see that some of these places actually come back To juda right now You know zephaniah is literally speaking out the prophecies and as he is speaking these things are actually beginning to happen So right in the lifetime of joseph himself He sees some of these places being brought back into his kingdom. He's able to you know, um Conquer these places and bring them back. How do we know that? Uh, because archaeologists have found a written record Where somewhere near the fortress of ash dot Now when you uh, when based on that written record, we discover that a juda height governor had been appointed over that area So why is a juda height governor being appointed? It means that joseph was victorious in his battle in bringing that place back into juda's uh fold He was able to succeed in doing that So we get to know that ash dot and the areas all around ash dot have now come back to juda because of that of that, you know uh archaeological record which was found um, um, they The archaeologists call those things ostracons.  Hezekiah also starts giving tribute But then after a while he stops and then when he stops giving a tribute The assyrian king senna sherib is very very angry. You know Anyway, he's already had victory over the northern kingdom, you know, nicely You know, he's managed to wipe out the northern kingdom So he comes to the southern kingdom and he in fact Takes many of the cities, but he's not able to touch juda because of the story that we know I mean, he's not able to touch jerusalem, sorry He he takes many cities of juda But he's unable to touch jerusalem in particular because you know hezekiah we remember right he goes before the To the temple of god and he puts down that letter which has been written says lord Look, this is the thread that they are making now you have to help us if you remember all those details so, um At that particular time Many of the cities were captured Except for jerusalem which senna sherib could not touch So among the other juda hide cities which were captured A lot of people were taken away as slaves. Uh, so a lot of the You know, you know people of juda were turned into slaves by senna sherib And they were made to work in different places one of the places where they were made to work was Over here in acron, you know where it says in the prophecy acron will be uprooted it says So acron was the place where a lot of these people who had been captured From the other cities they were taken as slaves and they were made to work in acron as slaves in the olive oil fields Okay, that area was filled with olive oil fields and the assyrians were using them to You know take care of all their labor. We get to know this through records which have been found over there, you know in that um in that region and so If josea was successful in taking over ash dod It most probably means that he was also able to set free all those slaves who were working in acron Because you see all these things are mentioned in one single place it says at midday ash dod will be emptied and acron uprooted So maybe if the entire area of ash dod and the surrounding regions have now been taken over And he has placed a juda head governor over there chances are that even acron also He was able to successfully uproot and he he probably set free all the slaves over in that place So they were spiritual victors which began to come the minute josea set his heart on the lord and began to follow him Okay, so all along Yeah through all of these prophets god went on promising and saying even now if you will change your ways Even now if you will repent and come back to me see what i will do None of the kings were interested in seeing what god what god can do But here you have one man who said okay fine lord i want to follow you And then you know right he discovers that scroll which you know which had been lost for so many centuries He finds it in the temple when he starts reading it and seeing that he has not even followed Half the commandments given over there. He tears his ropes and this The judgment of god is going to come up on me. Oh my goodness. I need to know change my ways He he starts sending messengers all over the country and saying, you know what? This is what yavei expects us to do and we have not even been doing this. Let us start doing it now This is the heart of repentance that this man has where he genuinely wants to follow the lord And then god shows what he can do see imagine in another 20 years Jerusalem is Could be wiped out because god's judgment will come But just 20 years before the judgment you could just say a happily going one place after another Capturing it bringing it back I mean look at the way god blesses even in the midst of judgment even in the midst of you know impending destruction The righteous god will take care of So it's all depends on what kind of a walk you wish to have with the lord So whatever god has said will happen will happen god said the end times will come God said there will be persecution god said that there will be trials So yes, all of those things will be there and you know if we if we are serving the lord We too will be impacted. We too will be persecuted But even in the middle of it We will see god's hand of faithfulness in an amazing manner And we will marvel and say oh my even in these terrible times Look at the way god is taking care of his people So we will of course see persecution, but we will also see an amazing hand of provision and amazing hand of blessing And protection in spite of all the things that are going on We see that even in the early church. They were getting arrested. They were getting beaten up We also see miracles where people were just walking out of prison, you know without any any permission No, nobody gave any permission god opened the gates. They walked out of the gate So you will see persecution happening But you will also see amazing works of god because god's hand is with his people So here we see Josiah Achieving great things in a time when you know destruction is almost upon them Because of his faithfulness towards god Now Zephaniah is one prophet who talks about, you know, um, the You know, we talked about right when we talked about the structure of Zephaniah In the very beginning he starts off by talking about the universal judgment Which will come in the end times on the day of the lord Um, maybe we actually read out those verses Zephaniah chapter one verses two and three Okay, so Here it's talking about the end times when god will wipe out everything Including it says over here the birds and the and the fish And the beasts all of it all of it will be wiped out And uh, generally what people say is, you know, what does god have against the animal life? Why is he attacking the animals? Why couldn't he have just paid them? Uh, but uh, what they fail to understand the spiritual aspect of what's going on when Humans began to sin and they brought sin and death into the world It's not just human beings who were corrupted Even all of creation was stained and contaminated by sin because of what the humans had done And uh, so even the animals and the birds they also are contaminated By the sinfulness which man has brought into the world. So they are actually innocent victims But they are contaminated by sin So in the end time god is going to be wrapping up everything because you know, all of this which is contaminated and stained Needs to be wiped out and then he will bring in this new, you know, the new heaven and the new earth Where they where they will be no longer any corruption or contamination. It'll be completely pure Completely holy. So for him to bring in that he first has to remove this whatever this leftover and You know, we see that god's ideal was never for, you know creation to be corrupted by sin, right because that is why When jesus christ comes for the For you know to rule in the millennium kingdom when he takes over for those 1000 years when satanism, you know Tied up and he can't he can't do anything For those 1000 years god shows what he originally had in mind when he put his creation, you know on the earth And even in the garden of eden Because in those in in that 1000 years the animals start behaving the way They were meant to behave when they were first created when god first made the animals and birds and said it is good at that time Meant to live in a very different way But because of sin they too became corrupted and even animals began to kill animals other animals and you know They would kill humans and all of that But when we look at isaiya, you know chapter 11 which talks about that we see that originally when god created Beasts and birds and fish they were never meant to be attacking other birds and beasts and fish It was never that was never god's plan. Maybe we could actually just look at that isaiya chapter 11 Versus 7 to 9 It says here that they will neither harm nor destroy Okay, that was god's idea and nobody would be harming anyone.  Of course the cow can't kill the bear But the bear of course will you know has the power to do that So it says over here the cow will feed along with the bear and the cow does not have anything to be afraid of Because the cow knows the bear is not going to feed on it The bear is going to find some something some vegetation to eat In fact, that's clarified, you know in the next phrase where it says the lion will eat straw So you'll have people arguing and saying oh, how the digestive system is different completely different It's not meant to be eating grass, but it's grass it will die So It just makes me think my goodness was the sin which humans brought into the world so terrible that it actually led to a physical reconstruction of the entire digestive system of animals. Isn't that terrible to think that creation got warped and messed up to such an extent that creatures which were meant to eat grass You know began to change to an extent where they could no longer live on vegetation But they would have to you know wreak out violence against other creatures to be able to live It's a very horrible thought. So we think oh, you know Adam and Eve sinned and they brought sin into the world and we don't really understand the Seriousness of what they brought into the world It's something very very terrible that they did and the the spiritual implications of what they had done Is just too great And that is why it says before the foundation of the world itself god prepared the lamb He knew he knew that these things are going to happen and the lamb of god will have to be slain So all this was arranged before even anything was created because god knew That what adam and eve would be would do is something that terrible I really wonder if people go up to heaven in the first look at adam and eve what the reaction is To that couple that set off a whole bunch of events which just changed everything So, yeah, okay. Let me not get carried away. Let's come back to what we are looking at So zephaniah is one of the persons more than any other prophet He's the one who goes on talking about days the law in the end times when once again Or god wanted in the very beginning that will be restored. Okay So all that is there now will be destroyed and god will restore everything back to the way he wanted it to be originally So zephaniah talks a lot about the day of the lord Coming to malakai and just because we are coming to malakai does not mean that you don't have a class tomorrow We most definitely have a class tomorrow. We will be looking at Haggai and Sekaraya But for today, we will look at malakai So malakai Was written After these people come back from captivity the exiles have returned back home And the exiles are very happy living their own life and they are not really following the lord anymore Okay, it's rather sad because you see they are the few people who made a commitment and came back to Jerusalem They could have lived comfortably over there, but they made that sacrifice. They came back over here Now that is the problem with the human heart It does not stay with the lord unless the lord has renewed it That is the experience which we have as believers So we can't excuse the excuse which the old testament people did They had not yet been given that heart of stone had not yet been taken away That heart of flesh which is from god had not yet been given to them So they behave the way they did we cannot use that excuse we have We had a new creation on the inside. We have the very spirit of god on the inside So what they could do that we are simply definitely not allowed to So, you know god is angry with them for the way they have been behaving And so in the book of malakai We he basically talks about their spiritual, you know deterioration and he warns them and says That again a time of judgment will come upon them if they do not repent of their evil ways So malakai is basically around the time of Ezra and Nehemiah They come back they bring a lot of reforms. They try to change everything Set everything up nicely so that the people can live comfortably and live in god's presence But here the people are back to all kinds of disobedience They are no longer idol worshipers. That's one lesson they have learned They're they're quite a you know thick-headed people and they're still you know sinful But one basic fact they have understood Idol worship is one thing god is not going to tolerate So irrespective of what whether other sins are being committed or not This is one thing that has now been washed out of their system. Okay, so However, they are you know being very careless about their attitude and about the way they are You know treating the lord. So it's basically those sins that malakai is addressing So in the book of malakai chapters one two and three He talks about the sins which the people are doing He talks about the priests and the way they are doing their priestly duties So carelessly so uninterestedly, you know, like a kind of routine not really honoring him respecting him Um, there's this portion where it talks about how Um, yeah, we don't have tits. Well, very lovely passages, but there's no time to go into all of them So we will not but yeah, you know, he he talks about the way the priests are Not taking their priestly roles seriously at all not honoring god in the way he should be honored And of course malakai is very very famous for the uh entire, you know teaching on tithes and offerings You know, these two best friends need to be separated So I'm just assuming the dead ones If one of them could come and sit over here in future, then we could have some Okay, so, um Yeah, we was I uh, yeah chapters one two three is he talks about the sins of the people and then uh chapter four Uh, is where he too talks about the great and terrible day of the lord That would be in verse five. Okay chapter four verse five. He talks about the judgment of god, which will come So those are the basic things that we find in the structure of malakai um Two very important prophecies that you know malakai is well known for That would be found in your chapter three versus one to four So if we could have someone read out malakai chapter three versus one to four Okay Wow These four verses are prophesying about whom Who whom are they talking about these four verses? Whom is um malakai prophesying about Anyone else? For he will be like a refiners fire or a laundry soap He will sit as a refiner and purifier of silver. So is that john the baptist? So there are two prophecies being I mean the prophecies one it's talking about two two people So in verse one we have The person who will come and do the preparing of the way So I will send my messenger who will prepare the way before me Then suddenly or rather in the world would be unexpectedly the lord you are seeking will come to his temple So first you'll have the messenger coming along who of course is john the baptist Once the messenger prepares the way Unexpectedly when people are not expecting it the lord himself will arrive at the temple And then he will be like a refiners fire He will point out all the defects of these Pharisees and all you know who are thinking that they're very very foley So he will be like a refining fire He will point out the wrong that is there and people who are interested in repenting will turn to him You know so all of those things so over here the prophecy is about john the baptist and the messiah who will be Coming to both are mentioned um Just okay, we have about eight minutes left anyone has any questions for this we can yes Noa, huh Yes, so in the time of noa god makes a promise Saying that now onwards i will never again bring a worldwide event where they would be complete destruction of the entire Planet i know i would never allow that again is the promise that god makes to noa and so now at the end of time when you know this this entire chapter or phase of Of human existence is completely finished god keeps his promise till the end of it And now at the end of it all when a new era will be coming in only then as god bring a worldwide destruction where you know everything will be wrapped up and So in all the thousands of years in between god does keep his word We never again have a great flood happening We never see you know fire coming down and wiping out everything So we don't see that god does keep his word So as long as this current era has lasted god has kept his word But you know, there is something more awaiting us There would be a brand new chapter where you would have a new heaven and a new world. So of course, uh, the Promise that he makes is only for this era where you would still need sacrifices Either the animal sacrifices of the old instrument or the sacrifice of jesus who has come and you know completed The need for any other sacrifices All of this is the era of sin His sin is still there and creation is still groaning For that time when the sons of men will be revealed sons of man will be revealed I know so there all this is still going on So in this era god says i will not bring about that level of judgment again and god does keep his promise, but New era will come and there will not be any need for any sacrifice because on that day Uh, you know, you will have only the righteous the god and There will be no sin. There will be no impurity. So, um So He keeps his covenant Promise which he made in that sense Up to the end of this current age And once the new age comes then of course, he would reveal details about that at that time Uh, you all of us will be there in the meeting when it happens. So we can get the details at that time. Okay, so Um So just to you know, uh, look at a little more details about all the things that, um Malakai is speaking about uh, you know the Because in in the book of nehemiah, we get to know a little bit of detail about what these people were doing They are no longer, you know Idol worshipers, but there are other things which they are doing You know other sinful deeds that are going on and when we look at nehemiah chapter 13 We get a little idea of what was happening because it was around this time that my malakai was, you know doing his Um ministry work Uh, so if we were to look in nehemiah chapter 13, uh, we see that Very clearly the book of moses is read out That would basically be your first five books of the old testament that was read out And it's very clearly told to the people, you know, i'm looking at nehemiah 13 verse 1 The people were very very clearly told that no ammonite or moabite should ever be admitted into the assembly of god Obviously, of course, this is not referring to ruth even though ruth is a moabite test So god never ever stops someone who genuinely repents and comes to him But rather he's talking about people who have chosen to follow some other gods and not follow yawai So such people will not be admitted into the assembly. God is what is said So it says in verse 3 when the people heard about this They actually remove and get rid of many of the people I know many of the ammonites and moabites who are living in their land And continuing to follow those ammonite gods and those moabite gods The people make a conscious effort to get rid of all of those people But shortly after that nehemiah has to go back to uh Persia, okay, so when he goes over there on work here the people, you know Start going back into their old habits and their old practices So that is around the time that malachi begins prophesying. He says what is going on over here is not correct So what what actually is going on? Eliaship the priest imagine at least a priest should have some sense This eliaship the priest even though he's in such a responsible and important position In fact, it says in verse 4 he has been placed in charge of the of all the storerooms of the house of god We talked about earlier The main temple of course was you know, you have the holy of holies Then you have the holy place and then you have the courtyard where you have the altar That is your immediate central temple structure Now all around that they built many many other buildings because you have to store all the grains which are brought I mean imagine how many, you know Tons of grain is brought in every year and you have the animals which are brought in all those things need to be stored What about the people who are guarding the temple, you know, because there's golden silver over there, right? So someone needs to guard so the guards will be over there So while the guards are on duty, they would have to be living somewhere, right? They would have to have quarters. So you'll have quarters for the guards So you have an entire Lot of construction work which came up around the actual main temple So that whole thing is basically called temple complex The entire temple complex Consists not only of just the temple immediate temple But also of all the buildings which are around it and all of it is considered, you know Sacred ground because after all it's all directly connected to the temple and Elias is in charge of a lot of A lot of the storage areas So after Nehemiah goes back on duty, you know back to Persia What does this man do because he's in these very good terms with somebody named Tobaya If you remember when we were doing Nehemiah and Desi Kil we looked Tobaya and Sanbalat were the two people who created most of the problems We're trying to reconstruct the temple and also when they were trying to build the walls These two men are the ones who created a lot of persecution and trouble for the people So Tobaya is one of those persons and he is an Ammonite Elias is a close friend of Tobaya You know imagine you're a priest and you have that kind of friends It shows right he never had someone I think because someone very clearly says do not walk with the You know wicked instead, you know walk in the ways of God and meditate on his law and delight in it But here is a man who's walking with the wicked. He's walking with people like Tobaya And what does he do? He wants to show his love and friendship to him. He actually brings this Ammonite man and He puts him in In the temple in the temple area in the storage area makes an ex quarters for him over there Imagine so when Nehemiah comes back. He is so angry. He says How could you take an Ammonite and put him right here in the temple complex? When it says so clearly that no Ammonite or Amor but should even be allowed into God's presence and so these are the kind of you know a very Carelessness and indifference about the things of God had crept into the hearts of the people and that is the kind of Lethargy spiritual laziness which Malachi is addressing They're not even bothering to bring proper tithes and offerings to the temple So these are the issues which Malachi addresses, you know, um, when he is Speaking judgment against the people. Okay, so, uh, there are of course many many other It talks about how they were not following the Sabbath rules It of course again talks about some people who had not yet given up their wives who are still following idol worship They're still holding on to those wives. All of those things are also Mentioned. Okay. So Nehemiah 13 gives us a little background about what exactly was going on during the time of Malachi All right, so these are just some of the things that we could look at So tomorrow we will cover Haggai and Zechariah because they both Uh, together talk about, you know, why have you stopped the temple construction? Why are you not resuming it? So it basically talks about that whole temple construction Uh, you know that particular time when they were still rebuilding the new temple So we'll cover those two together tomorrow. So let's just close with a word of prayer Lord, we just thank you so much for all the lessons that we could learn from today's Books we pray a lot that you would help us to follow the good which is there And we pray that we know the the bad examples will be a warning to us And we will be careful not to be like those people Lord. We thank you for Zechariah, even though he was part of the royal family His heart was for you and he chose to Follow your calling and be a prophet and Lord because of him Josiah was probably changed and his life was transformed. So we pray a lot that we too Would be like Zechariahs who will lead to the Spiritual growth and transformation of some person who can then bring about a mighty change We pray oh lord that we would be like Malachi That one person who was raising his voice and speaking out Even when all the others had grown very lazy in their spiritual walk I pray oh lord that we would Set a standard for those around us help us a lot to live that kind of a life Thank you lord in jesus name amen Thank you so much


Handbrake we're good. Oh Everybody welcome back to the channel.  I did a side-by-side of a set of course that enforce the motorsport 7 So today we are here on project cars to to do the same thing But we are here in these 1ms on the Nuremberg GP or GT track So we're gonna rip these things we're gonna rip this around I say these things because I've already ripped the Car in forces 7 so once I get these tires heated up We'll start at the line. We'll do a standing start, you know, of course just like last comparison video I will show you guys side-by-side of forces 7 here and project cars Except we're on project cars. It's time not for the seven so the audio and everything is here on project cars You guys want to see more project cars Don't forget to comment down below and tap that like button and subscribe I do appreciate the support if you are not a subscriber If you guys want to see more of these comparison videos Let me know maybe what games you want to see compared what cars you want to see compared and such like that As well as you guys know you can follow me on Facebook, Twitch, Twitter and Instagram all which are found in the description box below Gotta get these tires warmed up here on this 1m I didn't think it was gonna stop Because you know in forces 7 we do have warm tires from the get-go pretty much Project cars too. We do have to warm up our tires. That's what we are doing right now So we can get a good lap in hot lap in this car Force feedback is so much different here on project cars too than it is on Forza. Oh And the snapback oversteer is definitely a lot more in This one than it is in Forza 7 Can drift out a little more in Forza 7 and catch it and you know actually do when I drifted it Then I can't project cars right now So I still think the force a little bit glitchy But we're gonna make do we're gonna try and do the best we can I'm not used to seeing my map up on the top right corner Okay, we completely screwed that I'll lap up It's all right because we're gonna start there's no wall there in the project cars I was I was normally used to single wall in Forza 7 so So we're going to go to the line we're gonna start from a dig see what we can do in this One M here. I don't remember. I actually start all the way up here Lighting the tires up though. All right there all the way up here. All right. So here we go Fair same project cars to Forza 7 7 Let's do it. We can do in this car Now I do miss the head turn here and project cars too. I wish for the seven would have this But of course, you know Forza 7 does not I think it has something to do with the oh We kind of lost that a little bit I Didn't the cars not as twitchy in Forza 7. That's definitely for sure But the feel of this game is definitely amazing. Oh, don't skate on me. We're good I was gonna get all skinny on me there for a second. We go a Little bit better now. I since I do have the new shifter is actually Amazing to not have to worry about It missing gears are sustained third there Nope second good thing we didn't I totally forgot that there's transmission to invention everything in project cars, too I do have all of that turned on so I didn't need to make sure I don't Short shifts these cars or anything like that. Oh, no Okay, we're still good. Someone saved a little bit go Get a little skatey Getting a little skatey on me though They have something to do with the feedback, but we're gonna have trudged through this here For this comparison now. I know that I think we missed it Could have done a lot worse. I Know I missed it in Forza 7 to on the second lap So so that's definitely gonna hurt us in this lap We're not we're gonna see we can't make this up. All right full lap in Be hard on the brakes of this turn one. Oh Step back oversteer I'm so used to the light not the light feeling of the wheel, but the not aggressiveness of Forza 7 so Project cars 2 is definitely a whole nother monster on a wheel Skating here we go Traction troll is just screaming at me. I can see that in the right corner of the screen It's just screaming saying what are you doing? Get off the throttle, but we're gonna stay in the throttle Tail happy a little bit tail happy under braking Forza 7 is a little tail happy under acceleration Braking too kind of but not as much as project cars right here Keep saying skeety because it feels like When the car like starts to walk back and forth on me when I'm trying to break or accelerate or even on the straight They get it just starts to float back and forth cups of gas I actually think I like the sound in forza 7 compared to this one kind of want to Take this car in a set-o and rip it around this track in a set-o and see what You know it sounds like it feels like an asset of Corsa. We may actually do that For this episode's ending you get three games in one you get a set-o project cars to and forza 7 interesting episode for sure oh No, and we did it again. I'm used to 7 where there's a wall there. I think this is stock 1m in a set-o So we can get this first term without get totally skating Nope. Oh my god We did it again. Oh Project cars to hold another monster. I need to get my skills up in project cars too though I think we might switch over to a set-o real quick and run this car in a set-o and see what the Totally difference between all three games are just you guys want to get on a set-o So we're here in a set-o Already the sound is totally different Think a set-o has The car sounds by far better any of the other games so far this 1m handles the pretty awesome actually gosh I totally forgot Think about a set-o missing in the center. So this is definitely different. This car sounds amazing Feel like the iDrive in the center should not say a set-o Corsa. It should be a BMW BMW and I can't the chance to drive one of these cars a Few times and these cars are just incredible to drive It's gonna break fast enough for that. Let's see if it Definitely want to get into more a set-o Corsa definitely like so I can get into the set-o mods crap Okay, we're good sound in this game is incredible.  I forgot to change my controls We get so do this without a break. We're gonna try to slide this I thought Well that's gonna do it here for this episode here on Forza Motorsports 7 project cars 2 and a set-o Corsa all three games In one if you guys want to see more videos like this Let you let me know down in the comment section down below as well as you know You can follow me on Facebook twitch Twitter and Instagram all of which found the description box below So if you guys want to see more a set-o Corsa project cars to or Forza Motorsports 7 or for the horizon 3 let me know down in the comments section down below what you guys want to see I had a lot of fun doing this driving all three different games physics are definitely crazy in all three Aspects of the games each one has their own style physics Just getting a little sideways in this one M right there to finish that episode off So until next time guys, I like thank you guys for watching. I'm evil rabbit. I'm out


Hi, I'm Helen, Head of SEO at Car and Classic and today we are looking at how SEOs and UX designers can work better together. Now, UX designers are a lot like SEOs. No-one in the office quite understands their specialism. No-one really knows whether they should be in the engineering department, the product team, the marketing team, and they too have probably given up trying to explain their jobs to their family members. So, if there's a lot of similarities between SEO and UX designers, why do we need to have a whiteboard Friday on how to work better with them? Well, on first blush, actually, there's a lot of places that SEO and UX actually overlaps, but oftentimes we're kind of in disagreement about how things should progress. You have spent days looking at the best links to have on your top menu navigation. You have carefully sculpted the pages that should be linked to you from that great source of links. And then the UX designer comes to the meeting and asks to cut their menu in half. You're there terrified about your internal link equity and they're there terrified that none of the users can ever find the stuff that they're looking for on your website. But, actually, oftentimes we have the same end goal. We want visitors to get to the website and be able to access the pages and the products and the stuff that's on that site well and enjoy the process of being there. So, actually, our end goals are fairly similar. So, how can we work to understand more of the UX designer's priorities and help to communicate our priorities to them? Well, first off, I would suggest we need to start by understanding some UX and design principles. Get familiar with things like visual hierarchy and context and understand what it is that UX designers are looking to do when they are making changes to the website. If you do that and upscale yourself, then you are going to find you understand where they're coming from a lot more. And that's going to help you to communicate the reasons why something could be a great idea from an SEO perspective and then find the compromises when it's not going to be. Also, talk to them. Get their wish list of things that they want to see happen on the website. Now, this is easier to do if you work in-house because you can just go and talk to your UX designers. If you work freelance or for an agency, it's a bit harder to do. But if you go and ask your client if you can spend a day with their UX design team, you're probably going to win a lot of favours from them. And it could be a day out with the office, so win-win. But when you've got an idea of what their wish list is, all the stuff that they would love to see happen to the website, you are better equipped to tell them about things like issues and problems that there might be. So, for example, if the UX designer says that they want to take your 20,000 product, e-commerce store and distill it down to a single web page, you can tell them why that might be an issue. And if it goes ahead, well, at least the redirect mapping will be simple. You also should get yourself involved in the kind of conversations that your UX designers are having. So, go to the meetings that they're in. Get involved in product team decisions so that you are there when these kind of things are first being suggested and talked about. So, if there is anyone talking about the possibility of changing your website and making it into a single web page, you can be there saying actually, that's probably not the best idea before the plans and things that get set into motion are too far along. Next, you want to look at training your UX team. So, this is really important because you want to make sure that the UX team understands SEO principles as well as you understanding UX principles. So, talk about things like navigation elements. Why are they important to SEO? What are the risks associated with them removing things from the navigation? What is link mapping? What is it all about the hierarchy of the website? Try to explain to them these concepts so they understand why you might be saying no to some of their recommendations. And again, you can try to compromise and find a solution. And that goes for links in general. Actually, the way that the UX team might want to implement a link and make it work could be great for users. It might look great, but it could have some underlying SEO issues with it. So, talk about what SEO needs from links. What makes a link SEO friendly and allows the bots to crawl it so that the UX team can make decisions and recommendations based on that data. Talk to them about things like core web vitals and actually the overlap between what we're looking for from an SEO perspective and actually what they want for users because a lot of the time that's quite aligned. So, for example, explain how having a banner load in after the rest of the pages loaded could be a problem for cumulative layout shift and tell them that scrolling banners are always a bad idea. Not necessarily because they're any worse from an SEO perspective but they just look terrible and I'd like them to just stop if they could. Talk to them about things like copy and why we do need copy on a page. We don't need copy on every page because not every page is important from an SEO perspective but for those that are, we do need to have copy. But that doesn't mean we have to have reams and reams of copy that a user has to scroll through on their mobile before they actually get to the list of products that you sell that there are ways that we can implement copy on a page that's a lot more friendly for users. So, we can look at things like tabs or concertinas, things that reveal the copy when an interaction is made that means that users aren't having to look at all of the history of somebody's recipe and why it was that they decided to bake an apple crumble because of their grandmother and how their grandmother loves apples and that fell from an apple tree. And you know all the kind of good stuff that you always have to scroll through when you're just trying to find a simple recipe on these recipe websites. You don't have to do that in order for SEO to be considered for that page. You can look at things like teaching them about the risks of them making change to a website. So, yes, okay, maybe we do want to redesign the nav but what do we need to do as SEOs? What do we need to understand before we can say, yeah, let's do it? So, talk to them about the risks involved with them, making simple changes. For them, they might think that just changing the wording on a button won't have any impact but for us we know that anchor text does have some importance. So, how can we educate our UX designers so they understand that when they're making changes some of them will need to be run past the SEO team first. And finally, why are we always going on about designing things mobile first? Explain that to your team so they understand why you really need to see how things are going to look on a mobile design as well as the desktop because actually we need to see if there's parity between the two. We need to see whether the mobile version of the website has everything that it needs for Google to understand the context and the relevancy of the page. That's really important but it's not always something that the UX team have had communicated to them so make sure you do that. Next, try to create some guidelines for your UX team so rather than continually telling them all these things perhaps you can actually document it so they have a source to go back to. Look at how they manage to document their own internal design decisions so if they have a way of doing things how do they document it? Is it an essential workspace or do they have some guidelines that they actually send out to every member of the team? How do they document them and see if you can start copying that method and making sure your UX designers are familiar with the ways that you need things to happen on the website for SEO reasons? And also maybe you can input on their design system because most websites will have a set way of doing things from a design perspective and some of those might have some SEO impacts things like links and buttons and that kind of stuff. Then you actually have a say in the design system that's been created for the website. And lastly, you want to get by in from your UX designer so that they enjoy working with you and they look forward to hearing your recommendations and thoughts and they don't constantly see you as a source of no. So show them where SEO helps UX so things like usability, load speed how actually if a search engine is able to get through a website well it probably means a user is able to get through the website well as well so you're helping the UX end goal by making sure that SEO is incorporated into those kind of decisions. Talk to them about the importance of conversion rate for SEO that actually we don't just want to see traffic land on a web page and we don't care where it goes after that we are just as concerned about how users use a website as they are we want to make sure that they are able to complete the goals on the website that they can buy the product, that they can find the information because that's essentially why we've driven traffic to that page in the first place so do try and reinforce that you and your UX team have got very similar goals and finally give them access to data and try and share some of the data that they have as well because they will be monitoring things, they'll be looking at stuff that we just don't have the software to monitor so can you share data with each other that helps both sides understand a little bit more about what's going on. Thank you so much for listening I'm going to go off and try to find a way of explaining my job to my family members and hopefully I can tell that to the UX team as well. Thank you.