The first challenge in the extreme category from Ryan Nicholson CTF is called every day I'm buffering for a hundred points So the challenge prompt here is crash the program just right to retrieve the flag So they give us a shell we can work with log in with CTF seven and challenge seven and LS and we see that we have a program in our current directory that we can play with and work with So if I run this program, it says quit copying me and it looks like it's waiting for input So the sub and it just spits out our input back at us and we're back to our prompt. So Assuming just kind of trying to gauge from the challenge title here We can kind of safely say we're gonna end up doing a buffer overflow in this challenge So this is the first time I've actually recorded doing a buffer overflow on video and I'm pretty bad at trying to showcase this with like lots of Graphs and pictures and images of how the stack works and stuff like that So there hopefully will be a little bit of suspended disbelief and you will understand But I'm not going to show anything extra other than just me typing on the terminal. So Hopefully it'll still Be ingrained in your mind a little bit What I'm gonna do here is just actually for one thing showcase my methodology and that I wanted to do a little bit of More file reconnaissance in this thing. So I wanted to see other strings in this binary And I see other stuff that says you found the secret function and the flag dot text file The flag is blah blah blah. So there's nothing in here other than you found the secret function Although that is peculiar because it makes me wonder What we have to work with in this binary So something that I'm going to actually use is called a read elf and You can use read elf tech s to note the symbols that you want to get out of it And then you give it the program or the binary that you're looking for and this will list out all the different kind of Symbols There's a lot here. So if you wanted to like strip this down You can see things that are labeled as functions and if you want to just grep for only those we can grep tech I for funk So see we even see one results here for secret function So how do we get access to that or how do we get that program to run the secret function? Because it didn't look like it printed that out for us and when we ran it when we actually ran the program We weren't able to do anything other than enter something So thus enters the notion of a Buffer overflow. So if I just spam garbage into this thing It tries to spit it back out at me and it gives me a segmentation fault So we've crashed the program at this point now if I want to know where things particularly crashed or how I made this This this fault occur I can run D message and this is a lot of output in the Webshell terminal here, so I'm going to pipe this into tail and it says at the very very last line. Okay, pro program here Head a segment fault at four one four one four one four one four one and instruction pointer four one four one four one So what we've done is actually these a's capital a's are Zero x four one when you're for lemon and hex so what we've done is we have overflowed the Buffer that was storing that input and we have exceeded that cap and pushed outside broke through the buffer limit and now we're leaking onto the stack frame and we've Overwritten the return address that is stored at the very top of the stack So now when the our program would normally want to return to a different function rather than this input function It isn't able to because obviously there is no function residing at memory address four one four one four one four one Normally, this would just be the same Function that we came from before and it would be able to like successfully return back to that function But since we've overflowed it We can control the IP or the instruction pointer to Point it to wherever we really want it to go like if we wanted to go back to the main function We particularly could or we could make it call the secret function So we need some way to actually get to that memory address 040 sorry 080485 3b for a secret function So we'll have to submit those and give them to the program as bytes First thing we need to do is figure out where the offset is as to where we're getting that segfault where we're getting our Overriding EIP position. So kind of a trick that some people do here is actually use Python in one line to take advantage of The string multiple multiplier here and then pipe that output which if we have originally that is 50 a's that we can give to the program and We know we get a segfault so let's try and shrink this down and find that offset as to where we overwrite EIP or where we don't Overwrite EIP EIP being the register IP being E being 32-bit and IP being instruction pointer. So That didn't have an error. So let's try and do a little like binary search in our own manual Discussion here 40 that gives us another segfault. So Do we get any luck there? No I want to see where we can get this 4141412 change into what it should normally be. So let's try 35. Oh Okay, so that's changed a little bit. We're missing a byte here at the very very end. So let's bring that down to 32 Oh illegal instruction core dump. So let's check out that it says traps program trap invalid opcode So something different than what we would normally expect here, but we tried 30. What about 31? Is that just the okay? No segfault there. Is that just a threshold? Is that the balance? So let's try 33 okay now we get a segfault and You can see that for one is starting to leak into where it would normally be overriding this instruction pointer here If I added another 34 The message you can see another for one just leaking in again 35 How do we look here for one for one for one? So we can say that we can safely say that 32 is where we can start to access things and let's verify that Let's try 32 and then let's add BBB So now we can check that out and see we have a segfault at 424242 for two So we have complete control following our 32 a's to whatever we add afterwards. We'll go to that hex bite So now we have to actually send this memory address in hex But still keep the end in this or keep the actual like like structure of That function written in memory. So we can kick advantage of this by doing it in in two ways I'm gonna get over to my terminal here in Python if you import the struct module and If you need some documentation on this you can do Python struct Interpret string does as packed binary data and you can pack it into a specific format Typically, we want a little end in because that's just how our Intel processors are and I in this case Will be an unsigned integer. So it's the number that we're looking for in memory. So you can do struct dot pack with I didn't have it copied correctly secret function copy Do we have it now? No, what the heck? Hey webshop and in fact that actually has to be the second argument You have to specify the format and type first. So less than symbol or walka-walka and I denoted there and The hex value that we're trying to convert into little Andy and raw bytes. So just like this And that's pretty handy. It doesn't make a whole lot of sense. If you actually have poem tools installed you can use P32 or P64 if you're working with that data So you just pass in that as argument and it will give you that same put it in proper little Andy in format So you can see this is just switching the bytes around into little Andy in format and then using the backslash x to denote Okay, it's raw hex data. So now if I go ahead and supply this to our Exploit or our attack into the program We can If I paste from browser here to note that string Our 32 bytes for our offer our overflow and then overwrite EIP to the address of the secret function It should return back and call that secret function and we get it It says you found the secret function the flag is by collateral. So cool We finally got that we can go ahead and submit that for points And we can keep track of it in our notes if we particularly want to whatever. I'm just gonna type this out by collateral Cool So take note in that if you wanted to create your own notes function as to how you went through that or your notes file to discover that Secret function and convert it into bytes out of the hex address But that is a speed run of how to do a buffer overflow When there is a vulnerable function waiting for you in the binary But you should always check for that because most challenges have that set up Cool. Hey, I want to give a special shout out to the people that love and support me on patreon I cannot say thank you enough. All of these people are awesome $1 a month on patreon will give you a special shout out at the end of every video just like this $5 a month on patreon will give you early access to everything I release on YouTube if you did like this video Please do like comment and subscribe Check out us out on discord join our discord server link in the description And I hope to see you maybe some love from patreon. Cool. See you soon


Okay, good evening everyone so not a lot of people have not joined so I'll wait for two three minutes so that they can join and then I'll start the session Okay so whatever number of people have joined I'm starting with them let others join when they wish So we were doing this so we did this thing salient features of constitution fundamental rights are there which has been taken from bill of courts I've also explained that In the breach of fundamental rights the person can directly approach High Court of Supreme Court of India Then we have done directive principle of state policy so I told that you're not in fourth schedule part four one second This is in part four of Indian constitution Directive principle of state policy so they are for social equality social and economic equality and whatever rules government makes has to be In principle it has to be according to directive principle of state policy but that's not all with the case if it is not in principle you cannot go and I mean that is not just to see able by court so a question may be asked to you that which of the following is just to see able by court just to see able by court means The person if one of the following is getting breached you can approach court for remedy so the options are fundamental rights fundamental duties and directive principle of state policy The answer is fundamental right only in breach of fundamental right you can approach court and the court has powers to Restore your fundamental right if you are if you are correct by law so that's one thing then we have independent and centralized judiciary so we have Different layers of judiciary which are your session quotes at So let me start from district court so district court and then I have high court above it and then I have supreme court above it So if somebody loses a case here or if you want to appeal any decision of district court you approach high court decisions of high courts are appealed in supreme court So that's why they are centralized judiciary and they are independent in nature so nobody can question any decision taken by them Now single citizenship so I told that in USA and few other countries which may like USA is a federal country so They are federation of states so they are they have dual citizenship so where you have a citizenship of state and you have a citizenship of country In India there is no citizenship of state there is only single citizenship which is citizenship of country Adult franchise means we have everybody who is Indian citizen of age more than 18 years have right to vote in elections So that is what is called 18 years by camera legislature means the parliament has two houses the upper house is called Rajya Sabha and the lower house is called Lok Sabha and we have multi-party system anyone who is to create a political party is free to do so is free to anyone who wish to contest election is free to do so so we have multiple party system then let me move to fundamental rights and duties So fundamental rights so we talk about different justice so in preamble preamble talks about social, political and economic justice For economic justice which includes social welfare also we have DPSP fundamental rights and duties provides social and political justice So social and political justice in constitution is provided by fundamental rights now fundamental rights and duties so fundamental rights provide social and political atmosphere necessary for development of personality of citizens They are required for a person to lead a civilized life in society they are also essential for success of a democracy there were seven fundamental rights mentioned in third part of our constitution So you should understand that from article part three of the constitution part three article 12 to article 35 is fundamental rights These have been divided fundamental rights like article 12 defines state because try to understand fundamental rights are therefore protecting social and political rights of Indians from tyranny of the government So what is government so government it has not been written as government the word government has been replaced by word state in the constitution and what is the state so article 12 describes the state It tells that state means three tiers of government so what are three tiers of government union government state government and we have what we call is a local self-government which are panchayats and municipalities So only these three are not state apart from this all government owned organizations plus any private party working on behalf of government is a state So this is article 12 article 13 is you know it gives a scope for if any you understand like this if any rule is made by government or state as I have defined state to you If any rule is made by state which is against which breaches fundamental rights Supreme court of India can review it so article 13 is right to review and then article 14 has been represented other articles have been represented here So article 14 to 18 See here there is a brief history of fundamental rights how it was demanded by Indian freedom struggle so people who are struggling for our independence so first it was demanded in 1895 by National Congress That right for citizens should be there and Bal Gangadhar Tilak at that point of time said that it is Swaraj call it as Swaraj bill Then in 1925 any basin declared in Commonwealth of India bill and individual freedom all these things 1946 cabinet mission the three people have already discussed with you which are Patrick Lawrence, AV Alexander and Sir Stafford Crips so they also supported so you remember three timelines 1895-1925 this was by National Congress and Bal Gangadhar Tilak call it Swarajya bill 1925 any basin You should remember from if I am talking about any basin let me tell you any basin was first female president of Indian National Congress so always remember this any basin was first female president of Indian National Congress Any basin is also associated with Theosophical Society but she was not the founder of Theosophical Society she made it popular in India but she was not founder of Theosophical Society So two things you said remember Theosophical Society she made it popular in India but she was not founder of it and she was the first female president of Indian National Congress and then you should have third timeline which is 1946 So cabinet mission supported fundamental rights for Indian citizen then let me go to write to equality so most of you are aware of the movie which has come these days which is article 15 So article 15 is so this actually is try to understand right to equality I am writing here from article 14 to 18 see it has been written over here article 14 to 18 is right to equality and in right to equality we have equality of law and equal status in front of the law so we have here all are equal before the law and nobody is above law this is article 14 all should get equal protection of law this is also article 14 article 15 the movie which has come it tells that not the movie the article tells that on which the movie has been represented is that it is against discrimination so this is anti-discrimination article you cannot I mean state cannot make any discrimination on the basis of see here there are five words caste religion gender place of birth caste creed religion gender place of birth so these are the words related to article 15 then we have article 16 which tells that equal opportunity equal opportunity in case of public employment so article 16 is about public employment and it talks about equal opportunity in case of public employment then we have article 17 which talks about untouchability so you look at here this is article 16 here article 16 I don't think it has been written this is article 17 which is about untouchability and article 18 is very important so a lot of us watch cricket the world cup is going on and you might have seen that several West Indian cricketers are English and Australian cricketers there is a specific word used in front of their name which is called sir so like sir Ian Chappell sir Vivian Richards sir I mean sir Garfield so and all those all those other players so why they they they use sir because knighthood is granted to them by British parliament so why Indian cricketers there has been in great Indian cricketers but there is no knighthood conferred upon them by British us so the basic idea over here is that Indians cannot accept any title so article 18 of Indian constitution talks about abolishment of titles so Indians cannot accept titles from any other country so that is why no Indian cricketer has ever been provided at knighthood because our constitution has abolished accepting any title from any other government even even if Indians are Indian government provides Padmashree Padma dhushan Padma dhushan and Bharat Ratna the four top most awards which are provided to citizens across India who have made significant contributions for India even those kind of awards cannot be used or those titles cannot be used in your name so like if somebody is granted Bharat Ratna from next day onwards he cannot start writing his name Bharat Ratna XYZ that is not allowed or XYZ Bharat Ratna so people may call him but officially his name cannot be Bharat Ratna something that is what I am trying to tell two specific sectors have been given leeway in that Indians can use educational title so like people from if they are engineer they can write engineer not their name but they can write engineer then doctors use doctor people use people who do PhD they write doctors and second one is military so military persons can write their name as colonel something or major something left in a journal so they can use it so that is the reason so I have talked about right to equality now let me go to article 19 to 22 you see here article 19 to 22 is right to freedom give me a moment so where was I I was discussing article 19 to 22 and article 19 to 22 is right to freedom so what do I mean by right to freedom so look at here let me article 19 is about though this is not very important but still I would like to discuss it with you so article 19 is article 19 to 22 is right to freedom and this is what article 19 is freedom of speech and expression then we have freedom of assembly it means that people can assemble anywhere association movement residence and profession so anyone with any Indian citizen will have freedom of speech and expression whatever I want to speak I can speak I can express my views on any particular subject I can assemble anywhere for any purpose and it assembly doesn't mean that it has to be a violent assembly it has to be a nonviolent assembly so assemble anywhere does not mean that you assemble there with norms and that is your fundamental rights that's not the case I can make any association I can be part I can move to any part of India I can make my home anywhere but this is this has been curtailed in Jammu and it is not possible now and in Himachal Pradesh if you are not a domicile there you cannot buy land though you can go and stay there that's not a case you can go and stay there but you cannot buy land over there then profession I can choose my profession as per my I can choose any legal profession legalities is there so article 20 is this is very important others are not very much important so article 20 is the protection of life and personal liberty article 21 is important again this is right protection sorry this is article 21 sorry because I told that article 20 is not important I discuss article 20 later and I wrote article 21 so article 21 is protection of life and personal liberty now in this only right to privacy so time and again you hear about debate whether Adhar should be Adhar is legal or illegal on what basis this has been challenged in Supreme Court this was challenged in Supreme Court on the basis of right to privacy first of all the government told that right to privacy is not a fundamental right so first judgment came from two or three years back the judgment came from Supreme Court of India stating that right to privacy is fundamental right under article 21 second important thing is now again people say that Adhar reaches right to privacy in that also government Supreme Court of India has given judgment perhaps last year in which they told that people should not be forced to provide Adhar for their bank opening bank account and for what you say for mobile phones SIM cards so you might have listened to this or you might have seen read it somewhere that before the Supreme Court judgment came all the banks were forcing or telling their customers to seed their bank account or to link their bank account with Adhar card similarly when we went for the SIM for taking SIM card though we used to get SIM card but after sometime it was decided that for taking a SIM card it is or for your SIM card to be active it has to be linked with Adhar so that happened for quite some time and this was considered to be breach of privacy and that is why all those things related to all those controversies related to Adharkin now article 21 is in article 21 only there is article 21a and which is it is very very important this is important this is very important and this is article 21a is right to elementary education it tells that it is the responsibility of the government to teach everyone every kid from 16 to 14 years of age so this is very important then we have article 20 and 22 which are not as important as such so article 20 is protection in respect of conviction for offences so what does it mean I tell you only a little bit of little bit about it so it tells that any person should not be treated guilty if he is not responsible for the crime I mean I am giving you a very crude information about it second thing is if the person has done any particular some crime has been done or something wrong has been done by the person then for one particular thing the person cannot be prosecuted and punished more than once so only once the punishment can be given then what happens is if you would have seen in movie or if you could have read it somewhere that for any particular justice or if you look at the court proceedings you require witness to accept the crime I mean to say that the crime was done so it tells that the person who is guilty of the offence should not be made with this otherwise what will happen just to get rid of the case the guilty would be forced to act as witness also for his own guilt only so that is not allowed so these are the things related to this I mean the basic important thing is and one more thing is that a person who is I mean you cannot make rules retrospective rules retrospective rules means suppose a person A does crime today not crime a person A does something today and you want to make him guilty of something and you make a rule stating that tomorrow you make a rule stating that something which has been done in one year of this sort is punishable under this particular law which is not allowed so try to understand if I am doing something and if it is legal today nobody can make rule retrospectively and say that you did this 2 years back now you are guilty of this that is not possible so that is what article 20 talks about article 21 talks about protection of life and personal liberty we have already discussed it then let me go to article 22 article 22 and article 22 is about protection of one second protection against arrest and detention so nobody can come and arrest you without any without something wrong you have done if anyone is getting arrested he should be told about the region of arrest and within 24 hours he should be produced in front of the magistrate if the magistrate allows the detention then only the person can be detained for the further period otherwise the person has to be released immediately then the next thing comes into picture what is that that is a lady can be detained only from 6 am to 6 pm from by a lady officer then you have other rules also like in case of preventive detention what happens if police feels that this particular person can make any crime so the person can be arrested for a definite time period under the preventive detention so he might be told that he is being arrested under preventive detention okay now let's move to let me quickly go through the other this thing so article 23 and 24 are right against exploitation so article 23 is prohibition of trafficking in human beings and forced labor so this is self-explanatory and article 24 is prohibition of child labor so it is about trafficking and child labor then we have article 25 to 28 that is right to freedom of religion so I told you in the first class that though word secular was used or brought by 42nd constitutional amendment act in 1976 the constitution of India has enough provisions to make India secular by its provisions so like article 25 to 28 which is freedom of religion it was provided in the constitution that like let me discuss it then you will understand article 25 tells that freedom to practice propagate religion so anyone can practice and propagate his or her own religion then article 26 is freedom to manage own religious affairs so if I am if I am like there are different what do you say religious fairs and like in UP Kumbh Mela was there some that was earth kumbh so earth kumbh Mela was there in Allahabad just it happens in Allahabad and it was during January and February so that was the case and so that is what any religious affair can be managed by any particular group or person there is absolutely no government interference in that government can positively interfere support it but government cannot say that you cannot do it then payment freedom of religious payment so you can pay taxes you can pay you understand if people do some kind of fairs or they organize some religious festivals so they come to our home and they collect some money so if I am willing to give some money for that I am free to do so so freedom from and not only that freedom from payment of taxes from promotion of any religion so if I am promoting some religion I will have to spend some money if government start taxing that then I will have less money to promote that and it may be a tool in the hand of the government that if somebody is trying to propagate or promote his or her own religion then in that particular case if government doesn't want it government will start taxing that money so that should not be there that's the case so that is why this fundamental right was there and then I have freedom from attending religious instruction so or what's it in certain educational institution in certain educational institution why is this important because suppose we have in our country 2% sick population and by their religion they are entitled to hold or entitled to grow their hairs now educational institutions cannot force them to cut their hairs or their bed so that kind of to prevent that kind of scenario where educational institution start instructing students to do something with their religion which he follows as his or her religion that should not be the case and that is why this this has been put forward then article 29 to 30 we have cultural and educational right so first one is article 29 is protection of language and then we have article 30 which tells that minorities can establish their own educational institution so mother shahs are minority owned educational institution so now what I'm going to teach you is very important so there are two kinds of minorities has been discussed in Indian constitution first one is religious minority and the second one is linguistic minority so religious minority and linguistic minority so that is the case and then we have article 32 article 31 was abolished which was about permanent residence and all those things so that was abolished so we don't need to study that article 32 is about right to move to suppose I give you fundamental I give you any right and somebody comes in and government comes and reaches it and you don't have something to fall back on or for that matter government is bleaching your fundamental right one day government decides that in one particular area of Bangalore they find gold mine and they say that now this is gold mine anyway land is ours the people staying at this land vacate this and go somewhere we don't bother so what will you do or for that matter if you start speaking against the government and government is like this person is speaking against all my policies he should be behind bars your crime is just that you are speaking against the government and government puts you behind the bar so what will you do if you don't have any particular right in your hand so even though all the rights has been given by constitution if article 32 is not there you cannot do anything if government breaches any of the rights given to you from article 14 to 31 or 30 you cannot do anything so article 32 tells that right to move to supreme court high court for enforcement of fundamental rights so that is the case article 32 and this is called a right to constitutional remedy remember this this is very very important right to constitutional remedy Bhimrao Ambedkar called it the most important article of the constitution so that's the case now let me go to what has been constituted in right to go to supreme court of India or high court of India right to constitutional remedy let me through 86th first let me read this for you through the 86th constitutional amendment act so I told that article 21A is about giving free and compulsory education to children aged between 16 to 14 years and Karnataka government has brought into practice the right to education act in 2009 2002 the decision came so what is important here article 21A is important you already know 6 to 14 free and compulsory and this is important by what constitutional amendment act CAA so this came by 86th constitutional amendment act in year 2002 the right to free and compulsory education now article 32 I have been discussing so article 32 constitution has not only given fundamental rights to the citizen of India but also guaranteed them under article 32 what do I mean by guaranteed them that they are just seeable by law whenever the rights are violated either by a person or state government or central government citizens may appeal directly to supreme court for their protection Bhimrao Ambedkar called the heart and soul of constitution so you should remember this this is very important in any individual or the government at the center or and the state appear to violate a person's right he has the right to approach supreme court and not only supreme court high court also can be opposed so even the high courts have power to pass the following rates so what happens when I approach or when any person approach high court of or supreme court of India that my fundamental rights have been breached high court or supreme court if they find that actually fundamental rights have been breached so they pass rates what did they do they pass rates and there are five rates which have been talked in constitution the first rate is Habas Kapas so always remember the important word related to article 32 is rate and what is rate rate is rate is passed when the fundamental rights have been breached what kind of rates there are five different kinds of rates first one is Habas Kapas Habas Kapas means suppose I any person has been arrested so I told that if person is arrested he has to be told the reason for the arrest and he has to be presented in front of the magistrate within 24 hours so the order passed by supreme court or the high court to produce a person within specified time frame so you cannot keep a person in lock jail for more than 24 hours without producing the person in front of the magistrate that is what is Habas Kapas so you have to produce him in front of the magistrate within 24 hours with telling him the reason for the arrest second one is mandamus mandamus means when the legislature, executive or any other subordinate institution fail to perform certain duties or work the supreme court and high court orders them this is not orders them orders them to perform these works this is called mandamus try to understand mandamus means that if any public official is unable to perform his official duty or he refuses to perform in his I mean if he is failing to perform or he is refusing to perform so in that particular case the court can order him to do so but you should understand that this is only against the government bodies, legislature means parliament, legislative assembly, executive means your ministers plus bureaucracy so if they are not able to perform their duties the court may order them to do so that is one thing second thing is prohibition what do you mean by prohibition? prohibition means when a subordinate court so what happens suppose a district court has only this much right and court goes beyond its right and gives a judgment beyond its right the upper court which is supreme court or high court can abolish that judgment can make that judgment null and wide so that is what it has been written that when a subordinate court passes a judgment beyond its jurisdiction or the judgment is against the sense of natural justice so it is not only going beyond your limit it is also beyond if you are not giving any if you are not giving decisions which are according to the natural justice higher courts may pass order against the judgment this is called prohibition then we have satiorari so what is satiorari? satiorari means it is generally issued by a higher court to a lower court or tribunals and why it is done because lower kids courts may keep one particular case with them for infinite time so if higher court considered that immediate justice is required in those kind of cases they can say that you transfer this case to me I mean higher court can say lower case that you transfer the case to me and that is what satiorari means then we have co warrant and co warrant is it is generally issued by supreme court or high court so to question legality of the claim of a person to a public office what does it mean like if a person is saying somebody that I hold this post but he does not hold this that post legally and he is giving or he is signing different files and he is doing different things stating that he is one particular authority which he is legally not the court can ask him that by what legal rights you have held that post so that is what co warrantment so you can read these things I have covered it completely then fundamental duties fundamental duties are there are 11 fundamental duties if you want I can send them to you they are in article 51A you have it has been written over here article 51A so you can see it one second article 51A so fundamental duties from where okay the 11 has been written over here you should know all these 11 articles and these 14 DPSPs they are very very important so we are coming to the end of this chapter okay let me know how many of you have gone through except a few people those who don't have the book only one person have asked me the book and now I am remembering it so except Tanishka let me know who all have studied or have gone through chapter 2 I told you to go through chapter 2 let me know all of you how many of you have gone through chapter 2 no one good keep on doing like this I am very happy to hear this wonderful okay you listen I teach and then forget everything so 86th constitutional amendment act I just discussed 86th constitutional amendment act I hope you remember it 86th constitutional amendment act just in last it in last the fundamental rights fundamental duties initially there were only 10 now they are 11 so it added the 11th fundamental duty fundamental duties were not in constitution of India originally they were added by 42nd constitutional amendment act 1976 they have been taken not taken from it has been inspired from the constitution of USSR where fundamental duties are part of it now to respect they are to respect the what are fundamental duties so there are 11 fundamental duties one is related to national constitution national flag and national anthem that we have to respect it then it comes to respecting or to follow the noble ideas that inspired our national struggle for freedom the third one is to protect the integrity of India and this you will have to remember there is no other choice you may be asked these questions and try to remember it to defend the motherland when called upon to do so so even if you are not in army and if you are being told to defend the motherland it's our fundamental duties though if you don't go to defend it nobody is going to this is not justice able by law but it's our duty so everything which is not law I mean we should follow few things which are not law also so defend the motherland then to promote the spirit of common brotherhood against amongst all the people of India and disown those rituals that go against the dignity of women to preserve our rich heritage to protect and develop environment so this is very important this is what is important then to protect and develop sorry to develop scientific temper and spirit of inquiry safeguard public property and to abstain from violence to strive towards excellence in spheres in all spheres of individual and collective activities the parents or the guardians should provide an opportunity for education to their children from age of 16 to 14 years so look at here this has been written rightly written over here that we need to execute the fundamental duties more than we seek to enjoy the fundamental rights unlike fundamental rights there is no protection from court of law with regard to duty however there will be punishment under law for those who violate their duties so if you are going so what happens though this is not justice able by law there are different rules so if you go and look at here to safeguard public property it doesn't mean that as it is not justice able by law you go and start scratching the public buses from tomorrow so it will have its own repercussion under the suitable law then I have directive principle of state policy so I am not going to read it I request all of you to go through it though I know that you will not do so so even if you will not do so so if you don't do so you lose marks that that that is a different case altogether so with an aim to establish a welfare state so I told that it is DPSP is for directive principle of state policy in abbreviation I call it DPSP and DPSP is for promoting social and economic welfare so it is for the same purpose it has been written over here it is in the fourth part of Indian constitution and article 36 to 51 is the DPSP now DPSP is based on Gandhian look at here Gandhian ideals so whatever were the beliefs and ideologies of Gandhiji the drafting committee of the constitution have tried to put few of the ideals which Gandhiji thought was suitable for progress of India has been put in form of different articles in under the provisions of DPSP so see there are 14 provisions written over here under DPSP provide this is for the government this is a guideline to the government that how you should make rules and policies so that these 14 things are achieved so to provide adequate means of livelihood to all citizens and to implement uniform civil code civil code and to establish grand panchayats to encourage rural and cottage industry to ensure prohibition of liquor so try to understand this I want to discuss to ensure prohibition of liquor there was a case in Bihar in 2015-2016 when the Bihar government brought a rule stating that sell of liquor is not allowed in the state few people filed case in lower courts as well as in supreme court also the matter went to supreme court also stating that this is not legal every time the matter was or the rule was questioned in the court Bihar government saved it saying that we are not doing anything else except for the fact that we are making a provision to implement what has been written in the DPSP so in our constitution it has been written that it's the responsibility of the state state can do it on its own ways but if it is not doing you cannot go to court and say that they are not doing but if they are doing then that cannot be questioned so when it was questioned the Bihar government went and told that it is under the this was one of the arguments this was not the sole argument of Bihar government but this was one of the argument that we are just trying to implement what has been written in directive principle of state policy and it is it is very valid point it proved to be very valid point at that point of time so okay let me take who is this no the shora something who is saying that so vandalism is not technically illegal vandalism is illegal under any case then our vashist is asking that child labor is prohibited what if child is willing even if child is willing to to do the job he is not allowed to do the job under article 24 child labor has been prohibited so that is not allowed because why it has been prohibited because free and compulsory education is given to him by the government so government has made this provision to proliferate education so when you have to I mean when this rule was made this rule was made keeping in mind that what is the right age of education as government is it is fundamental right of the kid to get free and compulsory why compulsory word has been used in article 21 21 because 100% enrollment should be there in schools of kids age 6 to 14 and 6 to 14 is not the age when kids do most of the thing on their own they are under their parents guidance so as soon as you give them a leeway that I want to do this job this is my right that's not the case then all the parents who have lack of money will force their kids to some other occupation by making them say that they want to do this job so that is not possible he cannot work what do you mean by part time there is no part time and full time job is a job how do you know that a person is working on a part time or full time he is not allowed to do any job whether it is part time or full time so it's not on the wish of the person no not in any case 6 to 14 years of age you cannot be allowed to do job okay so solve these questions solve these questions please solve all the questions question number 1 as you all are saying is constitution that is right question number 2 is 9th December 1946 that is right chairman of the drafting committee of the constitution was Mr. Bhimrao Ambedkar that is right Prime ministerial form of government question number 5 you can write federal law also we have federal form of government question number 5 okay question number 5 what you guys are saying question number 5 nobody is telling me what is where are the answers for question number 5 and 6 question number 6 okay you are saying single so question number 6 single citizenship is right state where people enjoy sovereign power is called democracy so answer 5 is democracy question number 7 the right of constitutional remedies has been incorporated in article 32 are borrowed from which not republic republic is where you have elected state of head elected state of head is not the answer here this is democracy question number 5 is democracy question number 8 is question number 8 is Ireland yes that is correct now solve the second one and write a little bit about them don't cut short I meet most of you I might check at least 2 to 3 line just write about them that is how you remember it anyway you are not studying at home I told you to go through second chapter okay let me check what answer you have given question 1 so for question number 1 there are 2 things the first elected principal of was Rajendra Prasad but when the first time the constituents assembly met at that point of time the first president was Sachidanan Sinha so he was temporary president after that the election for the president was done and Rajendra Prasad was chosen as president of constituents assembly then when did constitution came into force constitution came into force on 26 January 1950 what does the preamble to the constitution contain I have told you a lot of things what do you mean by secularism? secularism is no official religion for the government tolerance to the religion is not all religion is not secularism secularism means no official religion for the official religion of the government as simple as that the state can be non secular still it can be tolerant to different religions like Pakistan writes its name as Islamic Republic of Pakistan so government is not secular government writes its name as Islamic Republic of Pakistan stating but they say that we are secular why because Hindu and Sikhs and other other community state at our place that's the case explain the salient features of our constitution so that I have already told you fundamental rights duties and directive principles are so you do these three questions these three questions are your homework and now for a lot of you UTs are starting so next week I'll see whether I'll take class or not so I'll let you know or maybe I'll shorten the class timings next week so from now onwards it would be easy it would be that difficult the first part of the constitution is is very difficult so now onwards it will not be that difficult so let's do one thing as you have not done no for Suresh for most of them in Rajazinagar and other places ok no it's starting later ok so next week we can have a class so that's not a problem so as you have not done chapter number 2 I request all of you to do chapter number 2 first no in Rajazinagar also it is starting late so that's not a problem so for next week what's the date next week next week would be 20th so at least chapter number 2 you finish your homework is chapter number 2 I am sending right away to those who have I have not sent chapter number 2 and if you are not finishing chapter number 2 next week I'll send you the link and then I'll write that I am not teaching ok so see you next week bye bye


You too, what's up man CFM action? This is why you guys watch this is why you guys tune in chat. What is up? We are playing Taylor game. This is my guy Taylor gang a a Good player man. He's definitely coming to his own this year. Definitely been popping on the leaderboards He runs a lot of the normal. Let's play book that I run and if you guys want to run that Hit the link below man man turf comm you can get the e-book everything. I do offense defense Elevation with the sub. Thank you, man. I appreciate it. Thank you Bang I gotta finish my drawing or probably tomorrow. I'm gonna start a Brian whisper drawing that I'm doing if you guys don't know You too by do draw it is something that I do I like to do it on live stream if you want to watch anything that I do live twitch.tv Slash dub that you can also subscribe and support by using your twitch prime the sub Sub's the stuff September as well. It's only $2.50 cents the sub So that's something you guys can do to help help me out. But if you have twitch prime, it's free as well You know, I'm this s for YouTube is normal. There are links actually in my panels if you're on twitch right now You guys can check that out as well Kevin yeah, I don't really have a stream a stream schedule port per se. I'm just gonna get told it on like that Alpha, what's up, buddy? Thanks for the sub. I appreciate it. Yeah, I mean people tell me I should have a better schedule, but You know, it ain't really much was god damn.  You tried Ronnie Harrison. It was cute that you tried Ronnie Harrison It's cute, but every play dubby Throw it every play dubby. We're gonna palms right there. Let's try to get palm I just try to get palmed True. Yo, what's up, buddy? How are you? Childhood not anonymous man. Oh, I don't know what that is. Coop. What's up, man? How are you man?  It's no way he can work that. There's no way he can lurk that just throw it for you I How am I double-teaming me? Have you never played this game? God damn I didn't he didn't beat the man as much as I thought he would right there on that play I thought he'd beat the man a little bit more.  Thank you, man. God damn.  We get that pressure right up the gut like that man. You get nervous DRC pick six on man. Oh They're gonna be no yards right there like none. There we go. TJ. I'll give them all day right now boys What's up? Everybody good?      Yeah, I'm done. You got a pass now I've had enough When I run a 146 right now God damn it man was 700 fourth downs Literally six fourth downs that's right. Well, we definitely committed. It should as hell. I had Julio Tutty, huh? Once I saw that pressure. I just look Lurking on corners now. Come on boys get about it there. I Had I had to pick 28. I took Julio Jones and Daniel Hunter. That's my fault.    Oh left side was weird.    Oh my god, man Thank you Miles jack show up to the party man.    Just come on snap Like dude, uh Ronnie Harrison, you can't miss that tackle man. I need that tackle in the hole.  That's what Taylor gang is Oh, dubby does that let me run that I mean, we just want to boost the crib at me. Okay All right I'm getting bagged right now Yeah, Harrison Smith is bagging my life.  I'm I just woke up.  So I can't lie.  It was it's an hour left to see if I'm gonna say all right Let's get it. Let's go bold and make a play No, but I really had the ball four times.  I'm picking the right one every time It's troublesome It's giving me a nightmare But he's doing some good passes here and there too It's crazy. Ronnie Harrison break that tackle or make that tackle man.  I wish I knew what corner he was actually on Would make life a lot better You know It's like 4,000 stars on the team right now Like how much that's I'm out chat.  It's 17 to seven.  Ah, we gotta stay in bounds though Harrison Smith is tough Oh, yeah, his D.  Can we actually touch somebody here chat? That's all I'm gonna touch somebody.  No, that's a couple of us a bunch of linebackers are getting forester He caught that he drew that and he caught that through it caught it Come on boys.   Get out of that tj. Then your hunter tj. What that's why we picked them boys Don't worry. Tell it man. What's your No, he's not He he he ain't even cooked up a couple. I ain't going to sit like he ain't cooked up a couple for me Well, he ain't cooked up that many He had he has cooked up a couple for me though You tried it.   I mean god damn.  I can't lie.  He just let me fight through that line like that Oh, he definitely had a tutty too.  This dude David Johnson is fighting man Like bro miles jack. I need you to clean clock him like take his face off, man.   Oh my god.  I guess he was manned up on There's a motion amount a little bit that that that had cleared that space out That had cleared that space out Good lurk man.  We're getting back right now.  He took a hell of superstars out here.  Gotta love the corner lurk I'm struggling. I ain't playing a good game Yeah, start uh start once bro He is no way he blitzes me right here Like there's no way that's what he chooses to do.     I can't allow him.    I throw anywhere near Harrison Smith.  We won't fight this watch Yeah, tell you guys my son man. He's playing good defense though.    I think we're like cover six and I'm using the corner up Jean I've been getting screamed at. I had time to throw that These dudes are getting it. I mean, I guess I had a pretty decent time. Yeah, I should have one out of bounds there I thought I could score.    I need give him to take all day Take all day. Why don't you tell her take all day?  Oh, man.    We didn't play physical this game I'm cool with him trying that type of pass in it. Like like what was my safety 86 speed 88 speed safety? I get there 86 speed. Nah, just a little too slow. I'm cool with somebody trying that pass and uh In that situation because it's a tough pass. That's not it's not the toughest pass But I feel like it takes some time.    If you've been guessing right this game. I can't lie.    No, I've got stopped like 17 times this game.  I mean, it's nothing I could do about it.    I mean that's that's mad online.  Yo, Harrison Smith is a monster Oh, he got some supers. He got five.  I mean that that that's what killed me, man That one play that one, uh, three four. Oh, we gotta stop like five times that game Probably only one play. I don't know. I'm tired. I think just called me.   Like I know he's slow to make that last play But to miss tackles on the goal line and shuff like that That hurt me. I ain't make the I ain't like that. No Tyree Jackson. Let's get it Let me tell me improviser. Is it throwing the pressure? Are we 81 overall for real with with Tyree Jackson? I mean, look at his accuracy's man. I just I mean you two don't say nothing about About me now. I'm saying they they laughed at me when I drafted him in the fifth round And he had five superstars on D. I mean that that that's not that had nothing to do with it really If that makes sense for me, that had nothing to do with it But yeah, I played bad off on that game. I don't know. I don't know how to get x factors I don't know if I can never get x factors But um Yeah, I'm still mad that everybody laughed at me like why I stopped They were like, you know, I stopped watching once it once he took a quarterback of the fifth round I stopped watching Jackson is fifth in MVP.  I don't have a defensive rookie going to win best quarterback and not gonna win best what best uh Not gonna win best running back best old lineman Schwartz ain't gonna win the best d-line tj white Best linebacker role coin best DB Lonnie Bountine Yeah, I don't know how the x factors work. Maybe YouTube knows how the x factors work You know, Dan reskins can pop. I thought reskins.  All right, the Giants. I got the reskins Cowboys and the Giants again Finish out the season. Hopefully get hopefully. I don't know that that loss hurt as far as the uh The bi-week definitely would love a bi-week. Um I think I think everybody else has one loss in the NFC though. So yeah, that hurts man Because I got to catch the Lions or the Niners Oh, uh, what are you gonna do?  That should give me a little bit of nightmare But you know, there's no way to get I is there a way to get identifier and CFM I could really use it in in in mutt because I mean knowing where somebody is is a big deal really You know when they want to take away your routes and everything so that gave me a little bit of trouble But like I said, I hit the like button that was weak. I don't week 13. I want to say got four Yeah, four of the vision games to finish up the season Hopefully fight for that first round five. Not we'll pop up in the wild card round


What's going on everybody? Jake here, Leighton Sports Cards, ripping a personal for Peter A. We got two 2023 Bowman's Best University Delight for ya.  You have like a little bit closer. Right there. Yeah, we're... Let's see some huge for ya, man. Nice. Kind of lay him down. Keep him up like this. Just keep him up. All right. It's a little easier. All right, first one, Jury on Dickie Refractor. Nice. Ole Miss, Walker Howard Yellow to 75. CJ Donaldson, Green, Sparkle Speckle, 299. Got a Mackay Lemon, Blue to 150. All white. Wow. And then a Michael Panix to a five red lava. Ha! Yeah. Let's go, Peter. Oh my god. First box back. Hit a banger. Killing it. We'll get that one, Max. Congrats, Peter. First auto, got Jafari Harvey Refractor.  Hey, hey, hey, who called it first? Who called it first in chat? Oh, man. Who called it first in chat? Oh, man. Because we got a super! Oh, just peaked the mic. Nobody heard what you just said. He yelled too loud. We got a super. James Williams for the you. Jake's first super. Super Fractor Auto. Jake's first super. Peter, you are killing it. Oh my god. Peter, let's go, man. Sorry about y'all's ears. Apologize for the mic peak. We'll mag that one as well for you. Got a Rumen Owen's Gold Geometric 50 to 50 book in. Jake's first super. Oh boy. Oh boy. Brock Bowers on the masterpieces. Too bad he wouldn't go to the University of Miami am I right? And then a Antonio Gates Jr. Warren's Geometric to 25. Yeah, I forgot. You were supposed to, you tried to get in the mixer and you didn't, but. Yeah, Peter. All right. Hell yeah, Peter. Last box for you, man. Jesus. Already doing well. Anything else is honestly just gravy, but. Nah, I love the band you're coming up right here. OK, you guys are used to it. Gotcha, gotcha. Cool, cool, cool. What the hell's that? Don't, don't, don't, don't. There's a thick card in there. You know it. You're like, what? Smell modern refractor. Hell yeah, man, this is awesome. Michael Pennix to 150. Good Lord, man. Frank Orr Jr. to 75. Richard Reese to 25 on the orange refractor. Donovan Isaruku to 150. Nice, Justin Elson to 15 on the auto. Nice one there. There's the auto once again. Keep it going. Michael Pennix, Jersey Auto. Michael Pennix, Jersey Auto. What is happening? What is happening right now? This one's nice too. Jackson Arnold to 49. Arnold. Arnold. Jesus, man. That one's nice as well. Jake can't miss right now. Then this one's sick. Roll it back, dogs. That's the actual number, I think. I think I did good on the back. To the 25. Holy cow. Nice one there, man. That's fire, too. These two boxes have been insane. Yeah. And last car to the break. Justice Haynes, gold geometric to 50.  Peter, once again, congrats, man. Thanks for a super, everybody. Appreciate you letting me break for your first box back. We'll get those right out to you. F9. And then F9.


Hi, my name is Tech, this is my channel Bootlossophy and this is my review of the Thursday Boot Company's Captain Boot in Brown Thursday Chrome. I have to tell you, this was my gateway drug into American style heritage boots. So this is Thursday Boot Company's Captain Boot. Up front let me say that I'm going to review this boots and all. So I will have complimentary things to say about it as well as point out some shortcomings. But when I am complimentary, note that I'm not sponsored by Thursday. So when I am complimentary, it'll mean I really like what I see. This one in the Brown Thursday Chrome, the version of Chrome Excel which I'll talk about later. I bought this pair in November 2020. As you can see, it is a bit worn. But after this buy, I really started getting into quality Goodyear World service and work boots. So it ended up in my regular rotation with over 40 pairs of boots which means that it doesn't really get quite enough wear. Still, every time I put it on, the comfort and looks makes me really regret not wearing it as often. I've owned primarily Timberland boots and a no-name cowboy boot are in my original rotation. And of course, being an Australian, I had a couple of pairs of RM Williams Chelsea boots to start with. But I really wanted an army boot style of boot. And watching YouTube channels like StrideWise and others, I stumbled on one of the more affordable Goodyear World to dress service boots in this Thursday captain. As you can see, this is a sleek looking but still functionally tough looking combination service work and dress boot. The design follows heritage models like the Iron Ranger with a cap toe and typical six inch uppers. But it's sleek down to make it look dressier and more versatile. The toe box has more of a slim almond shape to it. And the profile has a lower sleek pointiness to it.  Each boot weighs about 645 grams, or just over 1.4 pounds. Not particularly light because of the Goodyear welt, which I'll talk about when I get to construction. But certainly lighter than many of the other service and work boots that you might compare it with. It comes in a variety of leathers, some with lug soles. These are studded. So at the time of filming comes in 17 different makeups. If you don't find a pair that you like to look off, or man, you're hard to buy for. The Thursday boot company was started by two MBA students, Nolan Walsh and Connor Wilson in 2014. As a management consultant myself in real life, I love the idea of two MBA nerds who do what MBAs do, start their own company. But in the boot making world in which neither had any experience. Legend has it that while still doing their MBA they went on a surfing trip to Nicaragua and through a chance encounter with someone who made bespoke boots identified a real gap in the market, clarified their vision and made it their mission to make a combination dressy service boot that could be worn in a variety of occasions. And also in an affordable sub $200 US range. As fairytale as is their success, it's not without controversy. Firstly, the captain uses non-heritage materials, EVA and poron, and many other boot enthusiasts turn their noses down at that. Also, Thursday boots are largely made in Mexico with largely leathers from a Mexican tannery. While there are a US made range, the captain boot is made in Leon, Mexico. Some say that because of that there is a concurrent lowering of quality, but others who've had the experience of the brand since 2014 say improvements in materials and construction have improved considerably. I own a number of Thursday boots since this buy, and I have to say the ones that I have had most QC issues with were the American made vanguards. Today's economics is global. Don't forget Washington Wilson are Americans. Thursday is an American company. They employ Americans in New York and elsewhere, and they pay American taxes. If you're making a political choice, i.e. only made in America, well, good on you mate. But if you think that made somewhere else is automatically not as good quality, I don't think that holds water. Quality is about process and procedures, not about where it's made. A good company can, and they do, apply strong QC processes during manufacture anywhere in the world and back it up with good customer service. And that's one thing that Thursday shines through on. If you pay attention to the reviews and various Facebook group comments, their customer service is lauded as amongst the best, focused on making sure that the customer is happy. To the point of offering credits or exchanges in situations where I've seen other companies just laugh in your face. At the end of the day though, in terms of ultimate quality, you're not going to get a $600 pair of Aldens or an $800 pair of Weiburgs, but at $200 you get what you pay for. But in my opinion, you get pretty awesome value for money at that price point. Let's go on and see why I think so. But before we go on, if you're liking this video, how about helping me out by clicking on the like and subscribe buttons below? It helps me put the video out to more people's views, and that really helps my channel. Let's now look at how this boot is constructed, as usual from the bottom up. The outsole is a studded rubber outsole. For those of you who don't know, it's modeled after the famous UK made day night sole, which you're going to see on many mid to high end boots, even those made in America. The rubber composition is not as hard as a day night sole. And that kind of helps in the overall comfort, but it may not be as long lasting. And the studs you see here still make it quite grippy in my use case scenarios. I wear these as casual and dress boots in a mainly urban environment, walking around carpeted offices, outside and pavements and grass lawns, and on tile shopping center floors, timber pub floors, that sort of thing. I haven't slipped in these use cases, and they always feel safe. The heel is a stacked leather heel. And as you can see, it started to show some stress lines. I think the leather stacks are perhaps moving against each other, but I'm not worried about it coming apart. If you watch a video by Trenton and Heath on YouTube where they re-sole a captain boot, you'll see that the heel stack is pretty well fixed. The sole is attached to the uppers using Goodyear welter construction. It's a 360 degree Goodyear welt. For those of you who know, forgive me, but for those of you who don't, Goodyear welting is a type of stitch construction to stitch the uppers to the sole. A thin strip of leather called the welt goes all the way around the circumference of the boot and is stitched to the turned in uppers on the inside edge of the welt. And the outside edge of the welt, as you can see here, is stitched through to the midsole and directly to the outsole. The preferred advantage is that it's easily re-soleable. A good cobbler can cut these outside stitches, remove the outsole, and without tampering with the uppers or the welt, re-stitch them to a new outsole. Because there's an added layer, not directly sewn through to the sole of the boot on the inside, Goodyear welt construction is also reputed to be more water resistant, less holes, you see, especially in a 360 degree Goodyear welt, because that protection goes all the way around. Some people say the downside is that you have a less sleek heel. You have a kind of a ledge back here, but to be honest, these are made quite close to the heel cup to still look sleek enough. Okay, moving up, inside is an EVA midsole. This is where some of the contention arises. Traditional boots are made with leather and cork insoles that are supposed to mould the shape of your foot over time and therefore be more comfortable over time. EVA foam is used in the athletic shoes and sneakers that you wear, so it's very shock absorbing, but not very traditional. In there is also a steel shank, which provides arch support here in this gap here and provides torsional stability over rough ground. Then the insole itself is a pour-on insole, a kind of memory foam wrapped in leather cover. The long and short of it is that it's a very comfortable shock absorbing boot from day one hour one minute one, straight out of the box. However, the negative is that the EVA insole and the pour-on insole, like your athletic sneakers, may get squashed over time and lose the memory in the memory foam and therefore be less comfortable over time, just as traditional leather and cork midsole start to become more comfortable. So the argument goes, why have a resoldable shoe when it becomes less comfy just when you need to re-sole it? Look, I don't know. I haven't had it long enough for the pour-on and EVA strip to wear down and I know that I have had seriously uncomfortable breakings with traditional boots. So who's right? As I said earlier, the uppers are Thursday's own chrome tanned leather also from Leon, Mexico. It's the version of the famous, and seen everywhere, chrome excel leather from Halloween tannery in Chicago. I've boots in both. There is no mistaking the depth in color and the oily waxy feel of chrome excel or CXL for short. This leather is not chrome excel, but it's a pretty good substitute. It wears well, like CXL it scuffs quite easily, like CXL. You can easily restore it by rubbing it with your thumb with a bit of heat and giving it a good brushing because it's just so full of waxes and oils and they move around. The boot is fully leather lined. So altogether it's about two mils thick, pretty usual for boots like these. The stitching is pretty good. Three stitches in the toe cap on a two plus one pattern and I think this is a proper double layer toe cap. The same double and triple stitching in the quarters. There's also double stitching around this one piece heel stay. Five backed eyelets and two also backed speed hooks are pretty sturdy. In over a year's wear, I have not come across loose hardware or loose stitching. I do have a problem with the tongue though. It's an ungusseted tongue just attached to the back here at the front. My problem with ungusseted tongues is that if the tongue isn't wide enough the tongues of my boots tend to slide to the side. I know you can get a cobbler to just put a couple of stitches to one side just keeping the tongue in place, but I did my own DIY solution and I used a chisel to punch a couple of slits so that I could thread the laces through here. Care for this leather is pretty simple. I don't wear these particularly hard so I haven't needed any saddle soap. Just a wipe down with a damp cloth, a good brushing and then I use Venetian shoe cream to condition it maybe a couple of times a year. The leather has a morone or burgundy base to it so I wouldn't necessarily recommend brown shoe cream. The Venetian shoe cream that I use is neutral and I guess if it were badly scuffed I might use some burgundy shoe cream to put some color back. So that's the construction. Now let's take a look at the sizing and fit. My Branex size, you know that aluminum machine that you stand on to measure your feet. My Branex size is a US 8.5 in a D width. Now following Thursday's customer service I emailed them for some advice. I sized half down to an 8D and it's a pretty good fit. Now for those of you watching from Australia or the UK, US sizes are one number up. For example my British Branex size is 7.5 and that's equivalent to a US 8.5. I had some initial break-in issues at the beginning mainly due to the sleek design of the toe box. My toes exactly where the cap toe stitch was was a little squeezed and sore after a day's wear. They eventually broke in in a couple of weeks. I helped it along by conditioning the toe cap stitches on the outside as well as inside and I used a ballpoint hammer to just massage the inside outwards when I was watching TV of an evening. I can tell you after two weeks and a walk in the rain these are one of the most comfortable boots I own. I am always surprised by how comfy they are every time I put them on. The leather despite the full leather lining is soft and supple. The shock absorption is probably the best I have. I suspect though that the last that's the form on which they build the boot is not necessarily kind to a wider foot because of the sleek design. Unfortunately Thursday don't offer wide sizes in all of their boots but if you live in the US they offer free returns. Not so much if you live overseas which is why I bought these from Thursday's own Amazon store so I could take advantage of Amazon's own free return policies. You can buy them mail order from the Thursday website but I'll also put a link to the Amazon site where you can buy them and check out the links below. Now what do I wear them with? As I said earlier my use cases are usually urban so the sleekness and colour means that I've even worn them with a charcoal and a navy suit. With the shaft covered up by your trousers and if they're nicely polished I think they look like dressy cap toe shoes to be honest. The slimness of that sole also helps that look. To me this is not a work boot it's a service slash dress boot so to me you can pair it with anything casual ranging from jeans to rugged casual and I think even to dressy or business casual. I wear the captains with dark jeans for a more dressy look or with mid-wash or light wash denim. I wear them with khaki chinos and a polo shirt or a button down even five pocket pants and a t-shirt. I'd be totally happy wearing them with business casual you know dressier pants or chinos a button-up dress shirt and a blazer or a sports coat. I think this is a really versatile boot in terms of pairing with clothes and will suit a range of many occasions. I don't know do you agree? Let me know what you think in the comments below. So let's take a look at the value is it worth it? The captain sells for US $199 and is available on their website or at the only Thursday store in New York City. For those of us overseas you'd have to buy from their website but because of the possibility that it doesn't fit or it's not quite what you want after you get it and see it I'd recommend buying it from the Amazon Thursday store. It's the official Thursday store within Amazon. I'll put a link in the description below. It is an affiliate link and I will earn a slight kickback but it doesn't cost you anymore. As an entry into quality boots it's really set at a great price for what you get. In US dollar terms Timberland boots sell for around 150 to 190 dollars. Dot Martens sell for 130 to 200 dollars. Chippewa if you can still get them about 200 dollars. Certainly as a level entry boot you can't get more for 200 dollars. So there you are my review of the Thursday boot company Captain Boot. I think this is the most versatile dress slash service boot that you can get and not sponsored remember and unbeatable value in terms of construction materials wear and looks for 199 dollars. Hey if you like this review and you haven't yet don't forget to click on the buttons below like and subscribe. I have a lot more videos and other videos about boots and reviews so why don't you click on the subscribe button so that you're notified when I upload. Don't forget to check out the links below too. I'll see you again soon.


This is why narcissists mistreat you. This is why they treat you badly, cruelly and unfairly. How a person treats you is not always a reflection of who you are. How a person treats you is a reflection of how they feel about themselves. And this is true for everyone. But it is even more true for narcissists. People who are self-absorbed and lack empathy. Because they don't connect or attach to you. So they don't even know who you are as a person. All they have is their own feelings about themselves. What do they project on to you? So how they treat you is nothing more than a representation of how they feel about themselves. And sometimes they're in a bad mood. They're hating themselves. They feel insecure. So they will project that on to the person closest to them. And they will expect you to take accountability for it. They will expect you to assume that it has something to do with you. And they will see it as though you're consenting to this type of treatment because you're not leaving. They will see it as though it can't be that bad. When the narcissist first meets you. Sometimes there will be a love-bombing phase. And during this stage they may idealise you. They may think they're in love with you because they feel good when they're around you.  And they will treat you good because they feel good about themselves. But in time the love-bombing phase will end. Because it can only last for a short period of time. It's fake. It isn't real. It can only ever be an illusion. So it won't last for long. Because they don't have the tools to sustain it or to make it a reality. So soon enough the illusion will fall apart. And then they won't feel good anymore. And it may be because you said no to something. Or because you set a boundary. And narcissists are like children. They're emotionally immature. So they can't deal with boundaries. They can't deal with the word no. Because they want to be able to do whatever they want whenever they want to do it. So as soon as you do that they won't see you the same way anymore. They may even get mad at you. And how they feel inside will result in how they end up treating you. Because in their minds you did something bad to them. And if they feel bad they will try to make you feel bad. Because that false character never even existed. It was something they invented based on your ideals and interests. They lied about who they were from the very beginning. They never presented the real authentic version of themselves to you. Because they already know you don't want to see that. But they wanted to get your attention. They wanted you to notice them. The reality is that if you present the authentic version of yourself from the very beginning. And then the other person treats you bad. So you start to feel bad. You never intended on doing anything bad because you were authentic from the beginning. But narcissists are not authentic. So they're not putting in as much effort and determination as possible. And if they don't have a genuine objective that considers you. Because they're not really being who they are. And they weren't being who they are from the very beginning. Because they already know that if you saw that you wouldn't want anything to do with them. And once you do catch on and you see who they regard. They won't see you in the same way. They won't value you anymore. Because if you don't validate the illusion they feel bad inside. They only feel good when you validate it. When you believe in it. When you accept it as your reality.  They can only give you what they've got. And if they feel bad inside that's all you're going to get from them. Because they can't give you something they don't already have within themselves. They can't produce something out of thin air. It has to be something they've already generated within. Which they are then projecting on to you. You will know how a narcissist feels by how they treat you. And once they begin to mistreat you there is no going back. Once they know that you're not going to accept their false self. They will crawl back to the hole where they belong. And by that point all they can do is try to pull you into the hole. Which is why you need to become stronger and more confident in yourself. Because otherwise they're just going to drag you in and try to trap you. Because they already know they don't have the means to meet you halfway. So by default all they can do is try to pull you into the hole. Where they can mistreat you. And they will do that by giving you glimpses of a false character. A momentary or partial view to make you believe that maybe you got it wrong. To make you think that it's real. But once they've got you there they're only going to mistreat you. They're only going to treat you bad again. Because that's all they know how to do once the illusion falls apart. They need people to validate the illusion so that they can feel good. Because they can't generate those feelings from within. They're very insecure. Because they already know that it doesn't make any sense. They already know that the illusion isn't real. So they need people to validate it. And if you're not going to do that it falls apart and then they feel bad so they will mistreat you. Because that's another way for them to support the illusion. It makes them feel powerful and important. It tells them that if they were not powerful then they wouldn't be able to affect you. So they will beat you down and try to keep you there. So that they can experience that sense of power. So that they can feel like they have conquered you. Narcissists just want to feel powerful. They want to feel like they have the ability to affect you. And if something is not working in the way that they would like they will try something else. Thank you for watching. If you found this video helpful please give it a thumbs up. Share your thoughts in the comment section. Hit the subscribe button to receive the notifications. If you would like to support the channel you can donate at papal.me slash narcaviva. You can book a one on one with me on my website. It's narcaviva.uk. Thank you for watching and I'll talk to you soon.