Hello America. My name is Vern Williams. I served 12 years of my life in the United States Army, active duty, and recently something disgusting happened to me. I had a lady trespassing on my property, my family's property, and I tried telling the lady to get off my property and she wouldn't do it. She told me that she didn't have to, didn't have to.  This isn't true. She went under oath in a trial, lied to a judge, told the judge that I threatened this woman. This woman was 50, 60 years old.  Needless to say, the judge in this trial looked exactly like the woman that pressed charges on me and they found me guilty. Guilty. The woman admitted in the trial that she was trespassing on my property. Admitted. She admitted in the 911 call that she was trespassing. I didn't do anything illegal. Nothing illegal. The North Carolina law even stated that everything I did was within the North Carolina law. My lawyer even stated the law to the judge. The judge absolutely ignored the law. Found me guilty. I have no record except a DWI back in 2004. It's 2018. I have no record. The DA tried putting me in jail for over 150 days for something I didn't do. America, you stabbed me in my back. They're trying to do this to me because I have PTSD. I'm sorry America, but last time I checked you wanted more fighters. You bred us. You created us. You sent us to war. You wanted us to fight. Why would you do that?   When you sit here and we come back and we try to incorporate ourselves back into society and y'all turn around and you stab us in the back.  It's sickening America.  Y'all make me sick. Just sickening.  It's y'all's fault America. It's y'all's fault.  That's what I think of y'all heads.  We do this in the nighttime while y'all are sleeping so y'all can do that freedom. Everything on this uniform right here. I sweat and I bled.  Everything. You know what this is America? I can't replace this. I can't. Only way I can get that back is by getting hurt in combat. Sure you can probably buy one on the internet but I got that by being hurt in combat. I can't replace that unless I go back to combat and get hurt again. Y'all make me sick. Look at this. This is what y'all make me feel like America. Now look at this. Look closely. Watch it burn. This is what you push us to America. I can't replace any of that. Now why? Why ain't guys green earth which all allow judges to not follow the law, not follow what's wrote down in the law books, not do what they're supposed to and follow what they're supposed to in their jobs. This judge completely ignored the law, completely ignored what's wrote down in the law books and found me guilty even though everything I did was completely in the law books and completely within the law and within my rights. But this judge completely ignored the law and found me guilty solely off of he said she said from the DA and everybody in the cops in this county, Curry Tug, North Carolina. Why America?  Why do you do this to us?  You all turning your backs on us.  It's not our fault. It's your fault.  That's all I got to say.


Here, welcome back. Just before we went for a break, we studied the introduction to the Book of Philemon, and we read verses 1, 2 and 3, and we saw that Paul introduces or begins this letter in a very unusual way, compared to the 9 letters of the 13 letters that he has written, where he presents himself or writes about himself as an Apostle. So here, when he's writing this letter, he's telling his reader Philemon that he's not exerting his authority, but, you know, he's appealing to him on the grounds of sympathy and love, Christian love and sympathy and Christian fellowship, and more lack of friend, rather than coming to him with authority. And then we see that Paul says, Paul, a prisoner of Christ Jesus. So here Paul is not just mindful of his outward circumstance, yes, outwardly he is a prisoner in Rome, by the Roman government, he's a prisoner of the Roman government, but in reality, you know, Paul is also saying that he is bound to Christ, he's a prisoner of Christ Jesus, which means he's dependent on Christ, he's bound to him and that he's a prisoner of Christ. And then he mentions, and Timothy, our brother, so it's most likely that Timothy was with Paul, when this letter was written, and Timothy and Philemon would have known each other, and hence Paul is mentioning his name here, and then Paul is saying, writing to Philemon, which means this letter is addressed to Philemon, who is Onesimus' master, and the name Philemon, the name is only found in the first verse of this episode, and we know nothing much about Philemon than what we read in this letter. So what are some of the things we know about him from what we read from this letter, is that Philemon lived in Colosse, and a church, you know, met or assembled in his house. In those days, you know, the Roman authorities did not allow churches to have church buildings, like we have today, but they met in homes, so it was home churches. So one of the churches met at Philemon's home. We also know this from verse one, and he was Paul's convert. How do we know that? That he was converted to Paul's ministry is when we read verse 19, where Paul says, not to mention that you owe me of very self, you know. So he must have been converted by Paul at either Ephesus or elsewhere, and it's most probably it was at Ephesus because in Acts, Luke mentions this timeframe, this period. In Acts chapter 19, verse 9, we read, but when somewhere hardened and did not believe but spoke evil of the way before the multitude, he departed, that's talking about Paul, Paul departed from them, ministering to the Jews in the synagogue, he departed with them, and withdrew with the disciples and reasoning daily in the school of tidiness. And we know that Paul taught for two complete years, and he continued for two years, so that all who dwelt in Asia heard the word of the Lord Jesus, both Jews and Greeks. So one of them would have been Philemon as well. Apart from this, we also know that Philemon was a very rich man, a very wealthy man, like Rebecca had mentioned, because he owned slaves, and his house was big enough or large enough to accommodate a church, you know, it served as a meeting place for the church. We read this about this in verse 2, and also in verse 22, we read that Philemon was a very kind and very generous person to the fellow Christian believers. It's mentioned about this in verses 5 and 5-7, Paul mentions about this.  That means Philemon was very welcoming of people, hosted people in his house, a very kind and generous person. And then he says, our beloved friend and fellow laborer, so Paul calls Philemon as his beloved friend and fellow laborer. This shows a deep connect, a deep personal relationship that Paul shares with his co-ministers, co-laborers and co-workers. Now this word fellow laborer would be reasonable to assume that Philemon was a leader at the Colossae church and not archipis as some scholars say. Verse 2, he says, he sends greetings to beloved Apia. Apia is Philemon's wife. So why is Paul sending greetings to his wife and mentioning his wife's name? Because she had a major role to play even as she, he's writing this letter because he's writing about this runaway slave, Onissimus. And in Paul's time, slaves were usually supervised by the master's wife. So Apia would have supervised the slaves in the household. And so this letter concerned her as well. So he's mentioning Apia. And then he mentions archipis. Some scholars say archipis is Philemon's son. But and some say archipis is the pastor of the church meeting at Philemon's house. But we find this name archipis in Colossians chapter four verse 17 where Paul is admonishing him concerning his work and says to archipis, take heed of the ministry which you have received in the Lord that you may fulfill it. So maybe he was one of the leaders or pastors in the churches at Colossae. And when Paul says to beloved Apia, archipis are fellow soldier into the church in your house. So fellow soldier, he may is referring to Philemon. He may have been a Christian teacher in Colossae. And that is why Paul calls him a fellow soldier. And probably, you know, he's saying archipis, you know, would have been a member of Philemon's family as well. Okay, so he's referring to archipis as his fellow soldier, you know, who is maybe a Christian teacher at Colossae. And that's why Paul is referring to him as a fellow soldier. And to the church that meets in your home, you know, so a church is to meet at the house of Philemon at Philemon's house. And so, you know, Philemon hosted a church in his, in this house. And then Paul says in verse three, grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. So, you know, again, in his greetings, he talks about grace and peace. We already, I've already talked about this. I've already, you know, elaborated on this part about what grace and peace and mercy, which he usually uses generally in his greetings. So I'm not going to talk about that, but he says grace and mercy grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. Okay, so unlike other epistles that Paul writes here, he does not say God the Father, grace and grace, mercy and peace from God the Father. But here he just says grace and mercy, you know, from God our Father. Okay, so he doesn't say God the Father, but he says God our Father. So he's basically, you know, mentioning here or referring to God as a Father who is Fatherly to us. So this statement recognizes the Fatherhood of God, rather than just the title of God as God our, as God the Father. So when he, in other episodes, when he says God the Father, he's basically referring to God as the title of being a Father. But here when he says God our Father, you know, he recognizes the Fatherhood of God. So at the very beginning, Paul is setting the tone or setting the stage for this letter. He's telling Philemon, hey, I've not come to you in authority. So that's why he's not writing Paul an apostle. He's coming to him as a friend out of sympathy, out of love, and he's appealing to him. And he's also reminding Philemon that, you know, when he says God our Father that irrespective of our status, whether you are a leader in the church at Colosse and the church is meeting at your home, you're a rich man, you have slaves or me, whether I'm an apostle, you know, irrespective of our social standing and our calling in, our calling that the Lord has placed on our lives, or whether we are slave or free, Paul is saying we are all one in Christ. And why are we all one in Christ? Because God is our Father, and hence we are all our, we are all His children, we are the children of God. So see how beautifully Paul, you know, he's a good writer, setting the right stage, the right tone to, to write to Philemon. And on the basis of what he's writing, he's saying that, you know, I'm coming to you out of love and sympathy and friendship. So you would accept what I'm trying to say, accept the onus in his back, and also that, you know, we have God as our Father, and hence we're all His children, whether we are slave or free, irrespective of our social status. Okay. We'll move on to verses four to seven. Anyone has any questions, any doubts? If not, can one of you please read verses four to seven, please? I thank my God, making mention of you always in my prayers, hearing of your love and faith, which you have toward the Lord Jesus, and toward all saints, but the sharing, that the sharing of your faith may become effective by the acknowledgement of every good thing, which is in you, in Christ Jesus, for we have great joy and consolation in your love, because the hearts of the saints have been refreshed by you. Thank you, Rosalind. So in verse four, Paul begins by saying, I thank my God. So Paul is saying that, you know, he often prays for Philemon, and even as he prays for Philemon, he thanks God for him. Philemon has been such a blessing, and that he is so grateful to God for Philemon for somebody like Philemon, and he often prays for him. And Paul says he makes mention of you always, making mention of you always in my prayers. So we see that Paul always prays for his co-workers. So, you know, it's a good reminder for us as well that, you know, there is a good reason for us to thank God for fellow pastors, fellow believers, fellow co-workers, even if there are still things in their lives that need to be worked on, they need correction, they need help, but, you know, we need to uphold each other in prayer. So, you know, here Paul is demonstrating genuine personal love, and also, you know, he's mentioning that he has such great respect for someone as Philemon, and mentioning this, he's trying to tell Philemon that what he's writing to him in this letter is not forcing him to make any decisions, but, you know, there are hints of suggestions that Paul is evidently leaning upon the Holy Spirit to show his friend Philemon what to do, because in this episode, there is, he's not writing about attitudes of people in the church, he's not talking about false doctrines, false teachers that need to be corrected, but, you know, Paul is demonstrating a very genuine personal love that is very tact, in a very tactful approach, and so even as he is mentioning all this, he's leaning on the Holy Spirit to, you know, to help Philemon to make the right decision about onusiness, okay? Sometimes, you know, when we want to pray for people, we overlook praying for people, for fellow believers, coworkers, pastors, teachers, because, you know, sometimes we think that we know better in how they should be living and how they should be acting than the person themselves, but, you know, in some cases, yes, it can be true, but it does not mean that, you know, we take to the task of going around and telling people how they need to live, how they need to, you know, walk their Christian life, how they need to run church, how they need to behave themselves, but all we need to do is we need to lift them up before God, we need to pray for them, uphold them before the throne of grace, and, you know, there is, you know, the work of the Holy Spirit is the one that will convict them, that will convince them of what they're doing wrong and will lead them to the truth. So Paul is here saying, hey, you know, Philemon, I've been praying for you, I've always been praying for you, in one sense he's, you know, praying for him as a fellow worker, but also maybe being praying that, you know, he will receive onusiness in the right spirit in the right way, but he's also leaning on the Holy Spirit because the Holy Spirit will ultimately convince and convict Philemon on what to do, okay. So that is verse 4, verse 5, hearing of your love and faith which you have toward the Lord Jesus and toward all the saints, okay. So in the epistle of Colossians, Paul mentioned that he had heard about the faith of the churches at Colossae and their love for the saints, and what he says to the church in general, he's saying to Philemon here more personally, you know, Paul had led Philemon to Christ, and his faith, the faith of Philemon is demonstrating itself in deep love for other fellow human beings, especially, you know, those who share in the love of Christ, he's very generous, kind, loving to those who are in the faith, who are in Christ Jesus, and the love of God in and through Philemon has served as a good message of the gospel to fellow believers. So, you know, Paul is saying and acknowledging the love and faith that the church, the believers, the saints at Colossae have, and also, you know, what Philemon exhibits and shows towards other saints as well. So, you know, and he's, Paul is acknowledging that here, Paul is affirming that here, and Paul is saying that, hey, your love and faith is going to, you know, serve as, you know, an important gospel message for people to be converted to become to the faith to accept Jesus Christ as their Lord and Savior. So, yes, you know, when we portray the love of God, just like Jesus did when he walked on the earth, when Jesus walked on the earth, why did people, why were people so attracted to him, apart from him preaching and teaching about the kingdom of God, apart from him healing the sick is because he had love and he showed compassion and forgiveness for the people, towards the people. And so, you know, the love of God in and through us is the best proof of our conversion.  So, the love of God in and through us is the best proof of our conversion and also recommendation of the gospel, okay, and love is not silent, it is shown through our deeds, in our actions, in our reactions, people can see it, and it's an evidence, it's a proof that, you know, we are children of of God, we are belonging to the family of God, because God is love and his nature flows through us and the first fruit of the Spirit is also love, right, such a dominant nature characteristic of God. So, if we say that, you know, we love God and we hate our brothers, then, you know, we are not living in the light like Jesus says, so we need to love like he loved us and love people and so, if you want people to accept the gospel, if you want people to listen to the gospel that you're sharing, you know, our life should be characterised by love, so I think it's a good time to pause and think about our own lives, you know, how are we living our lives is our lives filled with hatred, jealousy, pride, envy, slander, gossip, un-forgiveness, spreading hatred or are we ones who are, you know, going around just spreading love, able to love people, forgive them and, you know, that is what pleases the heart of God, again. So, he says, hearing of your love and faith, so Paul thank God for filiment because of his love and faith first towards Jesus Christ and towards all the saints. Verse 6, that the sharing of your faith may become effective by the acknowledgement of every good thing which is in you, in Christ Jesus. Now, this passage in this one verse is very difficult to translate and much is, you know, written about just this one verse, filiment chapter 1 verse 6 and the phrase, you know, which is, people find it very difficult to translate is sharing of your faith, okay. And the Greek word for sharing is kononia, which means sharing, fellowship, participation. So scholars say that there are three possible meanings to this phrase, sharing of your faith. So if we look at the word kononia, which can mean sharing, so this may mean that, you know, this may mean you are shared in the Christian faith and it might be a prayer that the faith which filiment and Paul share may lead filiment deeper and deeper into Christian truth. So that is one understanding that the faith which filiment and Paul share may lead filiment into deeper and deeper into the Christian truth. The second possible meaning can mean fellowship, kononia means fellowship as well. So this may be a prayer that Christian fellowship may lead filiment ever more deeply into the truth, okay. So the Christian fellowship that he shares with others will lead filiment even more deeply into the truth. And the third can mean the act of sharing because kononia means sharing, fellowship, participation. So the third mean possible meaning can mean act of sharing. In that case this verse will mean that it's Paul's prayer that your way of generously sharing all that you hung up will lead you more and more deeply into the knowledge of the good things which lead to Christ. So Paul is basically saying that it is his prayer that, you know, the generosity of filiment sharing all that he has will lead him more and more deeply into the knowledge of the good things which lead to Christ. So the third meaning probably is correct because it's obvious that Christian generosity was characteristic of filiment. It's a very generous kind, loving, accommodative person, hospitable. And he had love towards God's people, fellow saints in his home because when people come to their home they're very, very rested and refreshed. So the third possible meaning that it's Paul's prayer that your way of generously sharing all that you have will lead you more and more deeply into the knowledge of the good things which lead to Christ. So it's possible that Paul means that sharing of material things can also be prompted by faith, okay. Verse seven, for we have great joy and consolation in your love because the hearts of the saints have been refreshed by you, brother. So Paul has derived much joy and encouragement from filaments love and takes the time to affirm this fact. And Paul remembered how wonderfully, you know, filaments had met the needs of other Christians by refreshing their hearts. And this is not something that filaments does once in a while, but these are regular acts and have lasting effects. And Paul says, you know, the hearts of the saints. So Paul is saying that filaments has refreshed the inmost feelings, the very self of the saints who visited him and who stayed in his house, okay. So we see that, you know, acts of sharing whatever God has blessed us with leads us more and more deeply into the knowledge of the good things, which lead us to Christ, okay. We'll move on to verses eight to 16. Before that anyone has any questions? Any clarity that is required? Or we'll move on to verses eight to 16. So can there are no questions or any doubts? Can somebody read verses eight to verse 16 please? Therefore, though I might be very bold in Christ to command you what is fitting, yet for love is sake, I rather appeal to you. Being such one as Paul, the age, and now also a prisoner of Jesus Christ, I appeal to you for my son Onesimus, whom I have begotten while in my chains, who once was unprofitable to you, but now is profitable to you and to me. I am sending him back. You therefore receive him that is my own heart. I'm sending him back to you therefore receive him that is my own heart, whom I wish to keep with me, whom I wish to keep with me, that on your behalf he might minister to me in my chains for the gospel. But without your consent, I wanted to do nothing that your good deed might not be by compulsion as it were but voluntarily. For perhaps he departed for a while for this purpose that you might receive him forever, no longer as a slave, but more than a slave as a beloved brother, especially to me. But how much more to you, both in the flesh and in the Lord. Amen. Thank you Lou Bega. So Paul goes on to present his request to Philemon to receive his runaway slave and verse 80 says, therefore I therefore though I might be very bold in Christ to command you what is fitting. So Paul does not use his authority to command Philemon to receive his runaway slave with kindness rather than vengeance. Rather he prefers, Paul prefers to make his appeal on the basis of their Christian relationship and Christian love that binds them together in Christ and makes them part of his family of whom God is their father. And he says, you know, I might be very bold. The word bold means boldness or confidence, frankness, openness and plainly. So Paul is saying, I have much boldness and openness or I could be very bold to give you an authoritative command. But Paul bases his boldness because of who he is in Christ or he's basing his boldness that Christ gives him the boldness to tell Philemon what to do. The CEV version says, Christ gives me the courage to tell you what to do. So he's saying based on what Christ is telling me or Christ is giving me the boldness to tell you Philemon what to do.  Okay. So some versions say, what is fitting, they say what is required or what should be done. So Paul is telling Philemon that with the boldness that Christ gives him, he can command Philemon to do what is required or that which is required of him and fitting of him or what is proper for Philemon as a Christian to do in the circumstances concerning oneness. But in verse nine, he says, yet for love's sake, I rather appeal to you being such a one as Paul the aged and now also a prisoner of Christ Jesus. Paul says, yet means a rather. So Paul means to say, I could be bold and order you and tell you what to do, but I would rather, you know, make my appeal out of love rather than use exercise my authority or my boldness. And he says in love, it means in the sense of brotherly love, because they belong to the family of God, and they have God as their father. And he says, being such a one as Paul, so he's reminding Philemon and laying the ground for Paul's right to command or rather tell Philemon what to do. And he says the aged. So Paul is saying that he's doing this as an elderly man, as an old man. What he means here as an old man is someone who is wise and experienced in carrying on the authority of the years. And also he mentions again here as a prisoner of Jesus Christ. So Paul is making his appeal as an old man, and also now as a prisoner who belongs to Jesus Christ. And what's then he says, I appeal to you for my son, Onesimus, whom I have begotten while in my chain.  So the focus is on Paul's appeal to Philemon on behalf of Onesimus, an appeal that he's making on the grounds of love, brotherly love and sympathy and compassion and friendship. He says, for my son, Onesimus, who I have begotten while in my chain. So Paul often spoke of his converts as his children. We read that in Timothy. He mentions this about Titus as well. And in Corinthians, chapter four was 14 and to the church at Galatia. The Galatian Christians in verse four, chapter four was 19 Galatians, where Paul calls them as his children. So what joy it must have been for Paul that under these most difficult circumstances, while he was in house arrest, in prison, to lead this man to Christ, to lead someone to Christ. So, you know, we see here or we learn here that whether it's physical chains or whether we are free, you know, there's no limitations on spiritual fruitfulness. We can be fruitful anytime, anywhere, irrespective of the circumstances, irrespective of the situations, whether we're facing persecution, we're in prison, we've been tortured, you know, or whether we are free, you know, there is no limitations to spiritual fruitfulness. Even old age is not a limitation to spiritual fruitfulness. Remember Paul just called himself as an old man and also as a prisoner of Christ Jesus. So we do not know how many people Paul led when he was in prison, but from a Philippians, the book of Epistle of Philippians, we understand that no the guards who were chained to him in prison, whom Paul shared the Gospel, you know, he says, but I want you to know, brethren, that the things which happened to me have actually turned out for the furtherance of the Gospel, so that it has become evident to the whole palace guard and to all the rest that my chains are in Christ. He writes this in Philippians 1, verses 12 and 13. So we see even when he was chained in prison with the guards around him, he uses that as an opportunity to share the Gospel. So, you know, we're in a time and age where, you know, the Gospel has to be reached quickly because we're nearing the end times and so, you know, whatever situation we are in, you know, let it not become a hindrance, our circumstances, our situations, but let's use every situation, every circumstance, every opportunity that we get to, you know, share the love of Christ to lead others to the saving knowledge of Jesus Christ.  So Paul states that Onissimus, now the meaning of the name Onissimus means profitable or useful. So see how Paul plays on words so smartly, you know, he says, Onissimus, you know, the meaning of the name Onissimus means profitable or useful, says yes, he was useless or not profitable for you at one time, but now is useful. So what Paul is basically saying is, you know, nowadays, you know, Onissimus has become more useful to both you and to me. In some way, Onissimus has become profitable to Paul. Perhaps he served as an assistant to Paul during his house arrest. And so Philemon's runaway slave, Onissimus, was not profitable to Philemon because he was not there serving in his house, but he was with Paul serving him and he was profitable to him. But you know, he's become profitable to Paul now, even as he's not profitable to Philemon. But since Philemon loved Paul, if Onissimus helped Paul, it was like he was helping Philemon also. So in one way, even as Philemon, Onissimus was helping out Paul, was profitable to him, was useful to him, you know, in the same sense, he was also useful and profitable to Philemon. So here, you know, by using these words profitable, useful, and all of that, Paul is basically telling Philemon, hey, you know, this Onissimus was a runaway slave, he was, you know, not profitable, he was useless because of what he had done, the decisions, the choices that he made. But now, since he has become part of the family of God, he's become a believer, he's accepted Jesus Christ as his personal savior, he could now live up to the meaning of his name, of being profitable and useful. So you're saying, see how he was useless and unprofitable, but once he became a believer, become a child of God, look at how he has become useful and profitable to me and how he's living up to his name. So by making this clear to Philemon, Paul is gently just hinting that he would like to retain the services of his escaped slave, though he would not command Philemon to, you know, allow him to do this, but he would appeal to him, to allow him to stay back and, you know, to continue to minister to Paul and to be useful to him. So, you know, he's making an appeal. But we see very clearly from this verse that it was not until Onissimus was found by Christ, he was in Christ that he really becomes useful or profitable, or he's able to live up to the identity of his name. Okay, so the same principle follows for us as well. Now, when we were in sin, you know, we were slaves of sin, slaves of devil, we were unprofitable to God, we were useless, you know, but when we have this new identity as new creatures in Christ Jesus, we are a new creation in Christ, we are sons and daughters of the Most High God, we have this nature running through us, it's only then that we can live up to our identity, it's only then can we live up to our calling, to our purpose for which God created us. Okay, so if you're living in sin after coming to the knowledge of the truth, if you continue to live in indulging in our sinful passions, feeding our lustful, sinful flesh and nature and not walking and living according to the Spirit or to God's leading, you know, we cannot pursue God's call, we cannot be living meaningful purposeful lives for the Kingdom.  But if you're living according to the Spirit, living according to your new identity in Christ, walking and being led by the Spirit, you know, your life will be purposeful, meaningful, even if you're preaching a sermon, even if you are leading a prayer group, a cell group, a Bible study group, or you're sharing the gospel, you're distributing tracks, everything will bear spiritual fruit, it has to bear spiritual fruit, but if it's not, then you need to look at your lives and say, hey, where am I living in sin, indulging in sin, because only when we are living in our newfound identity is then we become useful in Christ and also we find our identity only in Christ Jesus. So Onesimus rediscovered that he was a slave of Philemon, this he knew, of course he knew this, you know, before as well, but he had denied this and because he had denied this reality that he was not a slave of Philemon, that's why he ran away. So this is a fundamental truth that being in Christ means that we start out by accepting what we are, where we are, and who we are.   So Paul sends Onesimus back to the place from which he ran away and obviously we know that Onesimus accepts Paul's advice and if he did not accept Paul's advice, he could have run away again and the very fact that we have this letter in the Bible is the proof that he did not run away, he accepts his position, he goes back to his master by his own free will and in doing so, he's obeying God and not just Paul, but he's obeying God and faithful to what God has called him to do. Verse 12, Paul says, I'm sending him back, you therefore receive him, that is my own heart. So Paul is saying, I'm taking the initiative to send Onesimus back to you, Philemon, you therefore receive him, that is my own heart. So Onesimus had done something wrong, he had escaped, he had run away from his master and it was time to set things right. So Paul was willing to send Onesimus back, but yet Paul obviously wanted Philemon to deal very gently, graciously, kindly and loving with Onesimus because under the Roman law, the slave owner had complete and total control over his slave. So it wasn't unusual for slaves to be crucified for lesser offenses than escaping and we know that Rome had almost 60 million slaves and there were a constant fear of slave revolt. Therefore, the law against runaway slaves were very strict. So when they were captured, a runaway slave might be crucified or branded with a red hot iron on the forehead with the letter F, which means fugitive. So considering this, you know, we understand Paul's phrase, he's saying that is my own heart.  So my heart testifies of Paul's genuine love for his new son in the faith, new son in Christ, that is Onesimus. Verse 13, he says, whom I wish to keep with me, that on your behalf he might minister to me in my chains for the gospel. So clearly Paul wanted to keep Onesimus back, but because he had become a great big help to Paul, but Paul sweetened his appeal in three ways. First, he's saying, if Onesimus stayed, he could serve Paul on your behalf, which means he's telling Philemon, Philemon, if you leave Onesimus with me, it's like you serving me because Onesimus is rightfully your slave or your servant. Secondly, if Onesimus stayed and helped a man in chains, it's like as if, you know, Paul is telling Philemon, Philemon, I know Onesimus might be of some use to you, yet I am in chains and I need all the help I can get. Thirdly, if Onesimus stayed, he helped a man in chains for the gospel. Okay, so Paul is telling Philemon in this sense, Philemon, please don't forget why I am here in chains. Remember that it's for the sake of the gospel. So if you allow Onesimus to stay back here, it's basically helping someone who is in chains for the gospel. Okay, so what's 14 he says, but without your consent, I wanted to do nothing that your good deeds might not be by compulsion as it were but voluntary. So Paul is making this appeal and making it strongly and skillfully. At the same time, he really did not leave the decision to Philemon. Yes, he would appeal in love but he would not trample on the rights of Philemon and that is why this explains why Paul did not force his decision on Paul. If Paul demands Philemon to leave Onesimus back with him, then Philemon's good deeds would have come by compulsion and not voluntarily on his own behalf and this would have made the whole affair unpleasant and rob Philemon of any rewards that he might otherwise have got. So essentially Paul gives Philemon the freedom to do what is right in love before the Lord and he gives him the freedom to do it on his own choice and not out of Paul's compulsion. Okay, what's 15 he says, perhaps he departed for a while for this purpose that you might receive him for ever. So Paul is telling Philemon, Onesimus is running away, made him a criminal. He could possibly receive a debt penalty yet in it all, Paul is saying, I can see the purpose of God that he wanted Philemon also to see the purpose of God also in this and he says once he sees that purpose he will be able to surely receive Onesimus for ever. Okay, we'll stop here at verse 15. We'll continue from verse 16 next Friday. We just have a few more verses till verse 25. So we'll study verses 16 to verse 25 next class. But since we have finished Titus, when do you want me to post the assessment for Titus? Any date? Can I post it next Wednesday and you can submit it on 20th or 21st? Is that fine? Is 17th April okay and you can submit it on the 20th Saturday? Is that fine all of you? Okay, thank you, Zealotoli. What about the others? Others are okay. Okay, thank you Rosalind. Thank you, Linden. Okay, thank you everyone for joining class. We'll post the assessment on Titus on 17th April. Thank you all for joining class. Have a blessed weekend and a refreshing weekend and see you next week. Thank you.


Hey it's Missy! Thank you for watching! Today's tutorial is this elegant half a pair style. Make sure to like and subscribe and click the notification bell so you never miss a future video. And let's get started! I'm going to start by pinning the crown section.  And then I'm going to divide off another section on the right side of the previous section and slightly twist this here together and then pin it over the middle section with a bobby pin. And then I'm going to do the same thing with a section of hair on the left side of the crown laying it over the other two sections and pinning it in place with another bobby pin. Now I'm going to take the side section on the right side and drape this over the pinned crown section. So I'm just dividing off the hair, twisting it upwards and then draping it across the hair that I previously pinned and then slide some bobby pins into the hair to hold it in place. Now with the left side section of hair I'm going to use this to do a lace style braid. So I'm picking up a small section next to the part and I'm going to divide it into three sections. For this style braid I'm going to be crossing the side strands over the middle strand and I'm going to do one stitch of the braid without adding in any additional hair. And then I'm going to bring in a new piece of hair on both sides, crossing this over the middle strand to bring them into the braid. And then I'm going to continue the braid only adding in additional hair to the left side of the braid from along the hairline. And one trick I'm doing to give the braid a kind of soft drapey look is that as I bring in new pieces I'm going to pick up sections that are close to the braid and then slowly work my way out from the braid towards my face. And this is what will give the braid a softer more sweeping type of look. Then once I've brought in hair from about the ear I'm just going to braid the hair a little further down without adding in any additional pieces. And then I'm just going to bring the braid around the back of my head and tuck the end of the braid underneath the right section of hair that's pinned at the back of my head. And then I'm just going to pin the braid in place with a few bobby pins and I just hook a bit of hair and then weave the bobby pin underneath the hair so it stays hidden. And I just did this wherever the braid felt a little loose. Thank you so much for watching. I hope you enjoyed today's video. Make sure to like and subscribe and be sure to click the notification bell so you'll be notified whenever I post a new video. And I will see you next time.


Good morning to CMC Espresso, your news update which comes at a daily basis from your Frankfurt office of CMC. Fed President Yellen actually said nothing really new before she was testifying before the US Senate yesterday. She reiterated that rates will be lower for longer, which naturally should have been a positive for gold. But the urge to invest in this momentum-driven rally in equities seems to be so strong now that markets play the stay campaign in the UK referendum and that the stay campaign will be the winning party. In the end, that gives stocks upside momentum and so trend followers invest and continue to invest with every higher high the market is making. And as low as this, uptrend is intact, they will stay. Everyone is chomping on to the bandwagon as long as the party lasts, everyone wants to be in. In the end, you've got to be in it to win it, isn't it? So for the moment, one can assume that the equity markets have bottomed out. It seems that markets have already left the Brexit scare behind. Now, when you take a look at the uptrend in the S&P 500 index, a long-term update, you'll find we broke out of a multi-month consolidation pattern to the upside. And the correction in equity prices in the month of June, so the start of this month until now, was just a simple retest of this breakout. The breakout itself is then a continuation of the still intact uptrend in the S&P 500 since the year 2009. So look at the multi-month chart. Since the year 2009, the uptrend is intact. We had one and a half years of consolidation. We broke out in the first half of this year out of this consolidation. We made a retest in June and now we are rising with strong momentum. So that might be a signal that markets are up to test the all-time highs on Wall Street. Combine that with the highest investment fund cash stacks since the year 2001 and quickly you will find out that potentially a big move to the upside could just be around the corner. But when you look at the rich valuations, doubt is advisable. Perhaps funds stay out of the market even more than in the year 2007 because valuations are even higher than they were back then. Actually, it was the Fed itself warning investors yesterday that stocks forward PE ratios. That's the price earnings ratios are well above their three decade median and that stocks are vulnerable to a term premium return to normal. So if you look at the present price revenue ratio, investors pay $2.3 per average dollar of revenue and average S&P 500 stock generates. Back in the year 2000, this ratio was only at 1.5. So are we poised for a 30% drop in the S&P 500 as the Fed has just warned in its half-year report before Senate yesterday? The question is, would the Fed let that happen? It has just yesterday confirmed, so the Fed has just yesterday confirmed, it has the legal basis for the introduction of negative interest rates to the United States and the ECB. Has been granted the legal basis for targeted bond purchases within the OMT program from the German Constitutional Court yesterday. These are two major developments, one must not overlook. Be that as it may, for now investors keep the risk bottom really pushed and that means that gold drops, so do government bonds, interest rates rise, so do stocks while the Bitcoin is being sold.


Aloha and welcome to the 60-Second Weekly Webcast of Navigating the Journey. My name is Scott Foster. While our program is primarily about elder care, end-of-life issues, and medical aid in dying, it's also about the politics we deal with while working to pass a medical aid in dying law in Hawaii. Today our guest is Hawaii Island resident Dr. Lawrence Hines. Larry is an emeritus professor of philosophy at the University of Hawaii at Hilo and was an original member of Governor Cayetano's Blue Ribbon Panel on Living and Dying with Dignity from 1996 to 1998. His areas of specialization are ethical theory, professional ethics, health care ethics, social and political philosophy, and philosophy of law. Dr. Hines has taught and performed health care ethics research at Oxford University and the United Kingdom, Free University in Amsterdam and the Netherlands, the University of Auckland in New Zealand, and he has also taught at Southern Oregon State University in Oregon and California State University. Professor Hines has been a consulting medical ethicist since 1983. Aloha and welcome Larry. Nice to see you, Scott. Thank you, thank you. It's good to see you. I understand you have a statement you'd like to read to us. Yes, Hawaii House Bill 2739 tries to address the plight of a group of terminally ill, competent patients whose last months of life are filled with pain, suffering and anxiety. This is not a new topic in Hawaii. As a member of the governor's 1996 panel, which after 18 months of deliberation supported a comparable piece of legislation, in fact one that was even more comprehensive than the one that's before the legislature today, physician-assisted suicide was legalized in Oregon five years before that panel met. And Dr. Timothy Quill had published his articles about Diane, a patient of his in the New England Journal of Medicine in 1991. Diane was Dr. Quill's patient for eight years, suffering from a protracted death from leukemia. And finding the Diane process unbearable, he requested that he give her barbiturates, which she did. He gave her a prescription, which she used four months later. In 2001, Dr. Quill published a book, Caring for Patients at the End of Life. And I think this is possibly still the best book on this topic. It's been nearly 30 years since Oregon's physician of dying law and an additional 20 years from similar legislation in the Netherlands. What is notable about Oregon and the Netherlands is that from the outset, they have produced empirical studies which investigate their practice and their law. In 1987, again in 1994 and 2001, I studied the Dutch experience of end-of-life care. And while serving as a visiting professor in southern Oregon, in Ashland, Oregon, I engaged in the study of the practice of the new law in Oregon at that time. But Quill in his book and a recent article in the Des Moines Register shows is that the empirical record is clear. The fears, the claims of slippery slopes, the inability to take safeguards and abuse against are all unwarranted claims and they're not substantiated by the 30 years of Oregon and data in Oregon, nor by the 47 years of reports and empirical research in the Netherlands. The most inflammatory claims that are made about this are that the practice will spiral out of control, that it's impossible to create adequate safeguards and so on. The empirical research shows that after 30 years in Oregon and 47 and in the Netherlands, the incidence of utilizing these laws is roughly 1.5 percent, approximately the same as it was at the outset. And the final thing I wanted to just point out is that since the passage of this legislation in Oregon, the major consequence has been an improvement of immigrant life care in Oregon, an increase in the use of hospices, and an improvement in pain medication care. I think that what this law does is offer people competent individuals a chance to relieve themselves from intractable pain at the end of their life. Thank you. Thank you. Larry, Gush, a lot of questions. I don't know how closely you followed the bill last year when it was deferred in the house, but the opposing forces, to me, really were off the wall with their criticisms of the Oregon statistics. And here we have, you know, 18 years as at 16 years of empirical data, and of course, the other states that are reporting now. Now, the biggest concern that I find of some validity is the possibility of coercion, and what came up in the original governor's panel on that particular part of it, coercion? It's interesting, one of the claims that people will be coerced, I take it what they're concerned about is that the family ill patient would be coerced by home, by their family, by physicians, by health care workers. Once one starts to look at that, the health care that's being delivered and usually these patients are in the hospital is quite public. There are nurses, other health care providers, physicians, consultants involved. So it would seem to me that if there were any coercion, there would be reports of it. There would be incidents of it. It also would put the coercer in great jeopardy. What is more difficult is the possibility of coercion by family members. But my experience is that if any day family members are trying to do everything to encourage the patient to do everything to sustain their life. I have been working with patients who are terminally ill since 1983. I have never seen any coercion or anything that would remotely suggest that coercion is taking place. As I think you know, we now have three bills in the house that are moving as of this broadcast. We're waiting for a hearing notice. I'm fairly well certain that we're going to get a hearing. And as I might have said some years ago, the vibe is good down at the legislature. But one never knows. I do worry that we get so many safeguards, restrictions placed on the patient that they never can get to the medication in time to really help them. Any thoughts on that as far as safeguards? Yes, the issue of safeguards. If anything, there has been a overreaction to making safeguards too extensive. For instance, the patient must be terminally ill in the Oregon and the Hawaii proposed legislation. But there are many people who are in intractable pain that's not treatable and who wish not to continue to have such pain. The other thing about the safeguards is that these have to be certified, terminal illness, for example, that the patient will die within six months. And by two different physicians, and so the safeguards are really quite extensive. In the blue ribbon panel, there were several members who supported the legislation proposal, but thought that the safeguards were extraneous, as a matter of fact. Maybe it'd be interesting for our audience to know a little more about the blue ribbon panel, how it was created, and you mentioned it went on for four years, sort of how that the panel actually functioned, and maybe some of the, I was very impressed with the list of names of people that were on the panel. Maybe just give us covered a broad overview of the panel itself and how it came to be. Actually, the panel actually lasted for about two years, 18 months. We met for 18 months, the report, and by the time it came out was about a two-year process. I was just contacted by the governor's office. My name had been submitted by healthcare professionals and administrators of the local hospital. So I don't know how people were selected, but I was nominated, as several others were, from the big island. There were representatives from all the islands. There were representatives from the religious community, nuns from the Catholic Church, ministers, Buddhist minister, and a priest from Hawaii, and a rabbi, a retired family, practiced family circuit judge. There was the representation was quite broad, several physicians, main care specialists from the university, representative of the senior law center, Richardson School of Law. So the governor of the head of the Department of Health was on the community. So I think they stretched quite broadly to come up with the 18 people to be on the committee. Larry, hold that thought a moment and we're going to take a one-minute break. We'll be right back. This is Think Tech Hawaii, raising public awareness. I just walked by and I said, what's happening guys? They told me they were making music. Aloha, welcome to Hawaii. This is Prince Dykes, your host of The Prince of Investing. Coming to you guys each and every Tuesday at 11 a.m., right here on Think Tech Hawaii. Don't forget to come by and check out some of the great information on stocks, investings, your money, all the other great stuff, and I'll be your host. See you Tuesday. Aloha, welcome back. My guest today is Dr. Lawrence Hines, Consulting Medical Ethicist, and he's speaking with us via Skype from Hilo on the Big Island. Thank you, Larry. We were talking about the Blue Ribbon panel when we took the break. My interest, I was actually in Governor Cayetano's administration for the two years, I think just before the panel began, I had been very interested in the issue for some years because I was a member of the Hemlock Society, National Hemlock Society. And by the way, Derek Humphries is coming over in April. We'll be our guest here on Oahu, and I'll let people know more about that later. But Andy Vanderbord, I don't know if you ever met Andy. Andy was a formidable lady, is all I can tell you. But then in 2002, of course, Governor Cayetano submitted the first bill, or at least the first one to get any action. And I was retained by the Oregon Death with Dignity Organization and the National Hemlock Society to help manage that campaign. And our goal was just to get a house hearing. We thought that that would be wonderful just to have a house hearing. And lo and behold, we wound up coming within three votes of passing the bill in 2002. And here we are, what, 16 years later, still at it. I guess I would lead us back to your role. I'd like to know more, what is an ethicist? What tell us more about being a medical ethicist? I'm very curious. We certainly could use more ethics in Hawaii. Well, in 1982, I received a fellowship to be a philosopher in residence at the local hospital. At that time, it was Hilo Hospital. It's now Hilo Medical Center. And so for nine months, I was a resident at the hospital, basically shadowing physicians, focusing on end of life care. And after a year of experience doing that, I was asked by the medical staff to continue in the capacity of consulting with them on ethical questions, moral questions, helping them review policy, and so on. But as you might expect, although there are a wide range of issues, everything from abortion to end of life issues, most of the cases that I ended up being involved with were having to do with end of life care. I must have consulted with physicians, families, administrators, in over 500 cases since 1983. And again, like I'm saying, the vast majority of the cases have to do with conflicts between physicians and patients and nursing administrators or policies about life sustaining treatment, for example. A patient may or may not want a life sustaining treatment or any extraordinary measures at the end of life. But the problem there is its amount of interpretation as to what's an extraordinary measure. And the physician has a very large part to say. As you know, eventually Hawaii passed an advance directive bill establishing living wills and durable powers of attorney for health care in which a patient could express their wishes in writing, which were then expected to be followed. But those oftentimes resulted in even though you had a patient's expression of what their wishes were, that was to be interpreted by family members and physicians. And often those interpretations were in conflict with with what the patient asked for. And I was called in to review the case and basically to make recommendations. And as a consultant, just like a physician consultant, I would write up a report and make it a part of the medical record. That gives you some idea of what I was doing and still do today. That opens up, gives me a lot of questions. Now, Hilo Medical Center now is owned and operated by who? It's Hawaii Health Corporation Systems. Okay. During this process that you went through and afterwards, and I guess you're still involved, has this been have your recommendations or have you done a paper on this that that has been promulgated to all the hospitals in the state? Or where could one find your writings on medical ethics? Well, I published at least three articles in the Hawaii Medical Journal. One of them was study on advanced directives at Hilo Medical Center. So it's just a matter of going back through and finding. I don't have them at the top off the top of my head. I think it was about 1994. I did a study on advanced directives. I looked at every death at the Hilo Medical Center for one year, looked at what percentage of those cases involved in advanced directive, looked at what percentage of advanced directives were actually abided by or followed. I have also published in ethics journals and medical journals. I'm sorry to give this off the top of my head, but I can certainly supply you with a list of over 30 publications in philosophical journals. As I told you off camera, I was very excited to finally meet a member of the governor's Blue Ribbon panel because I wanted to talk to someone who, and you're the goldmine. I mean, you're more than what I was looking for. There's another goldmine right there on Oahu, and that is Professor Ken Kipnis at the University of Hawaii at Manila. I'm not sure if he's retired or not, but he also is a medical ethicist as worked with Capulani and Queens and so on. I didn't know that and I do know Ken, so what I'll do, maybe let me back up a minute, when I helped found the Hawaii Death with Dignity Society in 2002, and we were just sort of an ad hoc group going into that political fight that wound up with, you know, coming within the three votes of passing. It was very clear we needed a local organization. We had the two mainland organizations that come in from time to time, usually only when the legislature's in session, but what I found with the Hawaii Death with Dignity Society, because I've always had my name, phone number, and email address up on our website and in our communications, I began getting phone calls from all sorts of people. The most passionate ones were from people who are from people because I continue to this day to get several calls a month. Someone who's just been diagnosed and they want to talk to somebody, they don't even know the questions they have, but I've grown accustomed to people are looking just for somebody to hold their hand and help give them some guidance as to how to confront their imminent death and all that's entailed. It's not a pleasant thing that I do, but I've learned to... I've lost sound. You've lost sound? Yeah. Okay, I can hear you now a little bit. Okay. What I was saying, can you hear me now? Yes. Okay. The calls that I take with the Hawaii Death with Dignity Society are from people in great agony because they maybe have just been diagnosed with six months to live. Amongst all those calls I get are questions certainly about advanced directives and I hear constantly of people who are having their advanced directives ignored and one in particular was the late A.Q. McElrath, who was one of my political mentors and close friends, she called me a week before death and she said, Buster, you've got to get this bill passed. Here I am all hooked up to all these machines just like I didn't want to be and then she was gone in a week or 10 days. So what did you see at Hilo about the reasons for people's advanced directives being ignored? The first thing is that in order for advanced directive to be implemented, the springing conditions must be met and those springing conditions are that the patient is no longer competent to participate in health care decisions in their own case. Another springing condition is that the patient must be certified by the physician as terminally ill and a lot of times what happened is physicians would not be willing to go on record that the patient is terminally ill. That is to say they fully expected that the patient would die within six months. So you'd have people saying, well I know what the advanced directive says but it's not relevant because the patient is still competent and we can speak with them and then since they're competent and they're asking for care or their family is asking for care, the patient may be giving all kinds of signs that they don't want these life sustaining interventions, don't want nutrition and hydration. Then there are physicians who and there are many people who believe IV fluids are not an extraordinary measure for somebody who is expected to die within a week or two when those fluids in fact are quite extraordinary and are continuing basically extending the dying process. So what I often was involved with is cases where a family member would say but she doesn't want these things and a physician would say but their their standard medical practice in this circumstance we can we can prolong this person for another month and unless you have a very strong agent who will say yes but that specifically is not what my mother wanted. You often have people saying well let's just let nature take its course. Physicians are very low to have their patients die and understandably so and they have a professional responsibility to do everything they can to extend people's lives and so unless you have a strong advocate to counter that they're going to they're going to stick with the default decision of doing everything they can to extend the life of their patients and that that itself I think is quite interesting as a strong argument against the possibility of abuse of these kinds of laws because nobody is eager to end people's lives especially caregivers. Yes Larry unfortunately our clock is running out we've got just less than a minute left here. I want to first of all thank you again for for joining us today and hopefully we can do this again because there's a lot more to discuss. We should know in very few days whether our bills are going to be moving at the legislature. We'll keep people posted on that and I urge our audience to check in with our website which is the Hawaii Death with Dignity Society. We'll keep you up to date as much as we can there and Larry aloha to you and thank you for having me. My pleasure thank you Larry Hines from the Big Island. Good bye.


Enlarged adenoids and tonsils in children often lead to breathing problems. This includes obstructive sleep apnea, which is linked to, among other things, poor school performance and learning difficulties. While removal of the tonsils is currently the first-line treatment, respiratory issues often reappear, especially in children with dentofacial deformities. A new study suggests that rapid palatal expansion could be considered a viable and safe treatment option for certain children. Rapid palatal expansion is a commonly performed orthodontic treatment. This treatment separates the mid-palatal suture of the palate and improves breathing by widening the upper jaw and nasal floor. The result is increased nasal volume, raised tongue posture, and an enlarged airway. But whether rapid palatal expansion alleviates enlarged adenoids and tonsils has remained unclear until now. Researchers examine two groups of 60 children with narrow and high arch palates as well as enlarged tonsils. These included a control group undergoing no treatment and an experimental group undergoing rapid palatal expansion over the course of four to six weeks. The team looked at image scans obtained by cone beam computational tomography. This technique provides a three-dimensional view of a patient's anatomy and allowed the team to analyze the volume of the adenoids and tonsils of the children. Scans were performed before rapid palatal expansion and afterwards, on average 13 months later. Participants also completed a pediatric sleep questionnaire before and after expansion. The questionnaire asked about common symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing, including snoring, difficulty breathing during sleep, and attention issues. Compared to the control group, the expansion group experienced a statistically significant decrease in both adenoid and tonsil volume. 90% of patients in the expansion group experienced a decrease in adenoid volume and 97.5% experienced a decrease in tonsil volume. The average adenoid volume reduction was 16.8%, and average tonsil volume reduction was 38.5%. In addition, questionnaire responses indicated significant improvements in sleep-disordered breathing symptoms after expansion. One limitation of the study was the 3D imaging technique used in the study. This technique shows poor contrast resolution for soft tissue. As such, hard tissue landmarks were used for measurements, creating the possibility that adenoid and tonsil reduction amounts may have been underestimated. In addition, the sample size used was relatively small, and other factors such as allergy treatments or presence of infections were not monitored daily. The findings, however, could be instructive. For the first time, researchers have quantified volumetric changes to adenoids and tonsils following rapid palatal expansion. The significant decreases observed highlight the potential role of expansion treatment in reducing the size of the adenoids and tonsils among children who experienced related obstructive sleep apnea.


Hi, and welcome to the session. I'm Kanika, and I'm going to help you to solve the following question. The question says, in countries like USA and Canada, temperature is measured in Fahrenheit. Whereas in countries like India, it is measured in Celsius. There is a linear equation that converts Fahrenheit to Celsius. f is equal to 9 by 5 into c plus 32. First part is, draw the graph of the linear equation above using Celsius for x-axis and Fahrenheit for y-axis. Let's hand it in with the solution. Given equation as, f is equal to 9 by 5 into c plus 32. We have to plot the graph of this equation. For plotting the graph, we need at least two solutions of this equation. So let's first find two solutions of this equation. When c is equal to 0, then the given equation reduces to, f is equal to 9 by 5 into 0 plus 32, and this is equal to 32. When c is equal to minus 40, then given equation reduces to, f is equal to 9 by 5 into minus 40 plus 32, canceling minus 40 by 5, we get minus 8, and this is equal to minus 72 plus 32, and this is equal to minus 40. Let's now represent these two solutions in the table of four. So let's make a table now. When c is equal to 0, then f is equal to 32, and when c is equal to minus 40, then f is also equal to minus 40. Let's now make a graph. We have drawn two axes x and y. We have used x axes for Celsius and y axes for Fahrenheit, and we are using the scale 1 centimeter is equal to 8 unit. The two points which we have to plot are 0, 32, and minus 40, minus 40. So let's first plot the first point. Now the first point is when c is equal to 0, then f is equal to 32. So this is the required point, 0, 32. Second point is minus 40, minus 40. This means when c is equal to minus 40, then f is also equal to minus 40. Let's now draw the perpendicular lines from c equals to minus 40 and f equals to minus 40. The point of intersection of these two lines is the required point minus 40, minus 40. Let's now join these two points by a straight line. It's representing the equation f is equal to 9 by 5 into c plus 32. This is our required answer. So this completes the first part. Second part is that the temperature is 30 degrees Celsius. What is the temperature in Fahrenheit? Let's now begin with the solution. In the question we have given a linear equation, f is equal to 9 by 5 into c plus 32 that converts Fahrenheit to Celsius. And this part we have to find if the temperature is 30 degrees Celsius, what is the temperature in Fahrenheit? Now c is equal to 30. We will now put the value of c in this equation. So f is equal to 9 by 5 into 30 plus 32, canceling 30 by 5 we get 6. So this is equal to 54 plus 32 and this is equal to 86. Therefore, when the temperature is 30 degrees Celsius, the temperature in Fahrenheit is 86 degrees Fahrenheit. This completes the second part. Third part is if the temperature is 95 degrees Fahrenheit, what is the temperature in Celsius? Let's now begin with the solution. In the question we have given a linear equation, f is equal to 9 by 5 into c plus 32 that converts Fahrenheit to Celsius. Now in this part we have to find if the temperature is 95 degrees Fahrenheit, what is the temperature in Celsius? Now f is equal to 95. Substitute the value of f in this equation by substituting the value we get 95 is equal to 9 by 5 into c plus 32 or we can say that 95 minus 32 is equal to 9 by 5 into c or 63 is equal to 9 by 5 into c plus c is equal to 63 into 5 upon 9. Now canceling 63 by 9 we get 7. So c is equal to 35. Therefore, when the temperature is 95 degrees Fahrenheit, the temperature in Celsius is 35 degrees Celsius. This completes the third part. Third part is if the temperature is 0 degrees Celsius, what is the temperature in Fahrenheit and if the temperature is 0 degrees Fahrenheit, what is the temperature in Celsius? Let's now begin with the solution. In the question we have given a linear equation, f is equal to 9 by 5 into c plus 32 that converts Fahrenheit to Celsius. In the first part we have to find if the temperature is 0 degrees Celsius, what is the temperature in Fahrenheit? Now c is equal to 0, substitute the value of c in this equation by substituting the value we get f equals to 9 by 5 into 0 plus 32. So f is equal to 32. Therefore, when the temperature is 0 degrees Celsius, the temperature in Fahrenheit is 32 degrees Fahrenheit. Now in the second part we have to find if the temperature is 0 degrees Fahrenheit then what is the temperature in Celsius? Now f is equal to 0, substitute the value of f in this equation by substituting the value we get 0 equals to 9 by 5 into c plus 32 plus c is equal to minus 32 into 5 by 9. This is equal to minus 60 by 9 and this is equal to minus 17.8 approximately. When the temperature is 0 degrees Fahrenheit, then the temperature in Celsius is minus 17.8 degree Celsius approximately. This is our required answer. So this completes the fourth part. Let us now do the fifth part. The fifth part is the standard temperature which is numerically the same in both parameter cells. Yes, it is my guess. Let us now begin with the solution. Let us assume that there exists temperature which is numerically in both Fahrenheit and Celsius. That means c is equal to f. In the question, we are given a linear equation. f is equal to 9 by 5 into c plus 32 that converts Fahrenheit to Celsius. Now c is equal to f. So we can substitute c in place of f in this equation. So by substituting c in place of f in this equation, we get c is equal to 9 by 5 into c plus 32 or we can say that 5 c is equal to 9 c plus 160 or we can say that minus 4 c is equal to 160 plus c is equal to minus 40 degree. Now substitute the value of c in this equation. In substituting the value we get f is equal to 9 by 5 into minus 40 degree plus 32. This is equal to minus 72 plus 32 and this is equal to minus 40. So c is equal to f. Hence, our required answer is yes, the temperature which is numerically the same in both Fahrenheit and Celsius is minus 40 degree. This completes the first part. Bye and take care. I hope you have enjoyed the session.


Awesome, that's about 52.3% of what I'm talking about. Great. So Hackware is a monthly meetup about everything related to electronics, signal processing, radio communication, computer networking, something that is a little bit different from computer programming or different programming languages. So here we try to bring in all the different areas together. So today we have three talks. The first one is on Bluetooth Low Energy by Yoke Hengming. The second one is from Science Center Education Director, Kritika, and she'll be talking about an event that's happening in July and how we can get involved. It's called the Make Affair. And the third one is by Sao Xiong and Bill from PayPal. And also they did a recent talk on robots and Ruby programming in the conference last week. And they will also present it here to get a bit of electronics and hardware perspective. So for those of you who are here, feel free to grab a drink there. And you see the panda there. You can also donate money and keep this community space going. So we will start with Hengming. Organizers, do you have anything else to say? We are live streaming. Everything is on? Yeah. Well, thanks to Yoke Hengming once again. So there is Mike. So please visit engineers.sg. And you will actually have a YouTube playlist of all the community meetups that are recorded by Mike and a group of community people, even people like Bernice sitting there. Goes around recording all the meetup videos. And even if you can't attend it, you can go and see there. So thanks, Hengming. Do you think I'm going to come down against the Washington Line? No, no, no, not come down, not come down. But you often like, line, line, line. In case you're traveling, if you're in Singapore and you're free, come down. It's much better to ask questions. Yeah, exactly. Yeah, you can ask questions and I don't know. All right, so Hengming, good.


ng, and that any local authorities or any public sector organisation should be linking up to the national performance framework. In theory, that would be a good basis. How you weight different aspects within that national performance framework is questionable, but it needs an economist to look at that. I agree that it should be outcome-based. Given that an economist has been talked about, David, do you want to contribute in at this stage? I generally agree that we could have a set of outcomes that vary by different parts of Scotland but are still consistent with the national performance framework. I have talked in my paper about population decline, and I think that that is a significant concern. It is quite difficult to measure, but a lot of recent work seems to be moving towards trying to ensure that you maximise the amount of social capital in communities, which is their cohesion. Some work is being done on that. It relates a bit to the work on wellbeing, and it is interesting that New Zealand is now seeking to maximise wellbeing rather than GDP. I do not think that this is something that can be answered off the cuff, but it seems to me that that fund would be an interesting exemplar if we want to have a national conversation about what are the key elements, locality by locality, that fit within the national performance framework but which have the particular weight that is appropriate for that locality. Do you think that in terms of the share prosperity fund, however, that is going to be operating at a UK level or a Scottish level from what I hear from the table, that seems to be the preference, that we need to begin the discussion before we start designing something. Actually, we need to decide what the outcomes we want are before we start to create the architecture to deliver. I just want to get a reflection on that. I tend to agree with that. Also, how are we going to evaluate the outcomes? There are different levels that you can have outcomes. Did the project achieve the stated outcomes that were written into it at the outset? That is one level of evaluation, but, although that is important, there are overall evaluations that are generally done a bit after the event. For example, I recently saw a paper that looked at regional selective assistance, which is still available in Scotland, to support companies that the Scottish Government, for whatever reason, has decided to support. The argument was that the RSA had been a successful policy that it typically added to growth in particular areas. We have to think about all the outcomes and layer them into what and figure out how they fit within the Scottish and national performance framework. From a local authority perspective, we have, certainly within the cities that are city region deals and local outcome improvement plans. I think that it would be a bad idea to introduce something additional to that. If we could use those outcomes that we have as the outcomes that we demonstrate that we would like the UK-shared prosperity fund to help us to achieve, that would help us to deliver some of the priorities at a Scottish level. It is a fair amount of work to be done, but if we use some of those existing models, it would reduce the amount of work that we are doing and we would not try to create something new. A movement away from relying on figures and numbers and all graphs of all sorts would be welcome by all. I think that a key aspect is about the software elements of what changes communities and how communities feel involved. What are their views about how funding should be spent in the areas? What is important to them—not simply if they are in the county buildings in the air or if they are in the city chambers in Glasgow—what is important to those communities? The piece of legislation, the community empowerment act, is a really interesting piece of legislation, because it starts to open up the box about letting people get on with things themselves. Governments, councils can only do so much. The communities themselves are really that X factor that can make a real difference to funding. One of the areas that I would like to see opened up as we go forward here would be to talk to people about what is happening in communities and where do they see funding being necessary and how can we help them to spend money in a way that is fundamentally transformational for them. I agree that we need to be focused with big money on figures and all the rest of it, but there is also this very important soft element about ensuring that we are just not spending the money for spending sake. How do you spend it and how do you engage with people in the communities to ensure that their community is actually benefited to the optimum from that funding? I feel that that is a really, really important consideration as we take any funding options—what difference, what ownership—how are those communities being engaged? I think that Rory has really hit the nail on the head as far as I am concerned. Again, I have to stress that this is leader funding. We were asked at the start of the leader programme to start and work through local development strategies, which were policies that were very much focused on each leader lag area. Those brought in community consultations with all sorts of different groups. One group in particular was migrant workers in Angus, but it brought out a whole lot of different issues at that local level. That is one point that I was wanting to make. On evaluation, it is easy to follow the stated outcomes of jobs created or anything like that, but what I feel is something that is missing through and through is that the social outcomes from projects take a while to come through and become invisible. One of the things that the leader groups are trying to do over the coming weeks is to focus on some of the more long-term gains that have come through the different projects, whether they have been project supporting community, village halls or tourism facilities or industrial facilities. We are going to try to evaluate some of the softer things that you mentioned. That work is on-going at the moment, so there might be something that we can take out of that in a later date. I am building on the local and regional elements here. The Hylins and Islands European Partnership has produced a regional policy position paper that highlights some of the themes that we would like to explore with the new funding and where we would like the region to go. In addition to that, we have got the convention of the Hylins and Islands as well, which highlights a number of priorities. They are not too different to what Malcolm has suggested, but there is tall detraction, housing, digital, physical infrastructure, marine, building capacities in communities. We can utilise the existing documents that are there, the existing organisations that are there to help to build on what our priorities are going to be. I want to make one point and understand that the UK share prosperity fund is linked into the industrial strategy. That sits quite uncomfortable with our part of the world in relation to that rural. I do not really necessarily see how that fits in that well with us. It is just making that particular point. Will the minister want to pick up on that? I am very encouraged by what I am hearing here. I represent Cymar at Nervyn Valley. You could pick any point in the past that you would like to go to 10, 20 years. Our indicators always seem to be behind the Scottish figures. You could say that for any community of Western Isles rural, communities in our city of Glasgow, there is a deprivation. If that kind of money and that kind of investment is not turning these things around, we are entitled to be held to account and asked why not. I quite like what I am hearing in terms of localising priorities and making sure that what matters for the various communities in Scotland is what this money is aimed at delivering. If that is an opportunity to rethink about what really outcomes should be for the communities of Scotland, that is a great service that we will deliver to the people that we represent. Thank you very much, everybody. It has been a very useful session from our witnesses this morning. We will be pulling to a report together. A aim is to try to publish it in the autumn. That might depend on other things that are on our work programme. Thank you very much for coming in today and contributing to our process. I am very grateful to you. I now close this meeting of the Financial and Constitution Committee.


Well, hello, my friends, and welcome back to my channel. Today I wanted to share how I track my donations from my home. This is my tracker for 2018. This has been set up in my planner for a little while, since 4.17. And this is my 2018. I had to think about it for a second. I've been doing a lot of videos for 2019 currently. And this is my on-the-go life planner in the hourly layout. And these are just a couple of notes pages that are in the back. So like I said, this has been set up for a little while. This washi, I actually grabbed out my little bobbin. This is from my shop. If y'all are interested, the information is down below. And these stickers, like the little flag stickers, are all from Erin Condren, if I remember right. So what I like to do is I like to use the dash method for things. What I usually do is I just give this piece of paper, or I actually like give my whole planner to my tax professional, and she figures out how much things are worth. I know that if you do your own taxes, I think that there is a chart on maybe like TurboTax or some other online sources that are reputable that you can actually see what the dollar amount is for things. These are like very generalized things. If it's like a really specific item that I know is worth a lot of money, like maybe like a Crock-Pot would be more, like I put like kitchen tools because it's like serving spoons and whisks and egg timers and like things like that that, you know, a kitchen, like it's a kitchen tool. But if it was something bigger, like I said, like a Crock-Pot or something like that that probably be worth a little bit more monetary value, I would list that specifically. So in the spring, I did a big clean out and that was on 417 for the Epilepsy Foundation. And these are all the items that I had donated. Actually, just recently on July 31st, I had another pickup and, you know, you get these little cards in the mail. I'm not gonna show you the front side because it has my address on it. But yeah, so, you know, I just did another pickup and I'm gonna just put in all the things that I donated, which are kind of similar to what I donated before, but there's a couple little differences. What I'm gonna do is I'm gonna just skip a line because it just makes my brain feel better. And I'll just put in the date that it was picked up. So it was picked up on the 31st. And it was the same foundation, the Epilepsy Foundation. And I put in their web address. So, you know, if I have questions or my tax professional has questions come tax time, we can always look that up. So let me write down all the things that I donated this time around. So here are the items that I donated this time around. So I had two serving trays that I donated. I had one mixer, like the little handheld mixer. Organizers, I had quite a few. I had like 15. It wasn't like 15. It was actually 15. So I'm gonna put those in. And then as for baskets, I had six baskets. You know, I'm a sucker for any good organizer or basket, but I'm really trying to like trim down what I have, keep all the really good stuff and the stuff that I know I'm gonna be using again and just really going in and like purging things. I had three pairs of shoes that I ended up donating. And then I had a ton of pants randomly. So I had 12 pairs of pants. So I'll put that in. And then I had a ton of tops. Like I don't know what happens, but it's like every time I get one of these little cards, I'm like, oh, I don't really have too much. I'm like, oh wait, nevermind, I have a ton.  I'm like, okay, well I'm gonna go around the house and see if I have anything. I'm like, oh my gosh, I have so many things. So I don't know what it is about tops, but I feel like I have like way too many, but it's good to purge some of those too. So I know I had a ton of them last time and I had about the same amount this time. So I had 30 tops this time. I also denoted sweaters. I don't know if that makes a difference, but for me, I actually wrote it down. So I figured why not just do that as well. So I had six sweaters that I ended up donating and winter gear. So winter gear to me is like hats, mittens, gloves, anything you need like for the winter. So I actually had 12 hats. They were actually unused and I was gonna donate them to somewhere and then I totally forgot and they just sat in the back of my trunk forever in my car. So I was like, you know what? This is time to get rid of them.  I had some writing tools. I had some pads of paper. I had some filing system things. I also had a couple of other things like that would be kind of more office-related. So I kind of lumped those all into one because the value of the items were kind of around the same. But I had quite a few of the items as I'm sure you could imagine. So I am gonna be putting in a lot of dashes here. All right, so I had 27 office items. And that is all the things that I donated this time around. So that is how I have been tracking things in my 2018 planner. However, I do wanna show you guys something that I showed in a previous video and I will link that up above. It's actually in my new planner. This is my new planner for 2019. And I got the, it's like the hardcover, the luxe cover in the colorful woven wonder pattern with the gold foil and the gold coil. And this is in the hourly version. I'll show you. This is the hourly version. I put the tape on there myself. I'm gonna move this out of the way real quick. But I have been setting up charts and different things in here. And I wanted to show you guys what I was working on. And I did show this in a previous video. And I believe it was my 2019 Aaron Condren move-in. So if I haven't already, I'll link it up in a card and I'll link it down below for you guys too. So this is my monthly tracking for 2019. I took inspiration from Jen at Jen Plans. I will leave her information up in a card and down below. So check out her channel if you all are interested. I wanted to get more diligent about doing certain things and letting some tasks happen on a monthly basis. Some of these you don't need every single month, but I'll just go through the list really quick and then I'll kind of talk about the donation part in just a moment. So I have budget, wash, bedding and blankets, wash windows, clean out fridge, clean out freezer, clean out pantry, clean out garage, air filter. That doesn't need to be done every month in my home, but it's good to have that in there. Colligan service, test smoke detectors. Again, not every month, but that's all right. Organized files, donations, which is what we're gonna talk about in a moment. Toothbrush, face mask, clean out car, car wash and oil change. So there's a few different items on here that are gonna really help me with my donations for next year. And I'm gonna be setting up something really similar to this in this planner. So, but I think I'll just wait until that happens. I don't know. I'm not really sure how that's gonna work. Washing all of my bedding and blankets.  So if there's issues with any of the blankets, say that they're getting a little bit dingy, maybe my style has changed. Maybe there's like a little rip or something like that in them. Then I can decide if I wanna put that possibly towards my donations if they're worth recycling. There might be a time where it's just garbage. I mean, I don't know, but that's gonna really help me with my donations. And then also cleaning out the garage. That is also gonna help me with my donations as well. Because a lot of times things go into the garage to die. Like there's so many things in my home that I'm like, oh, I'll put it in the garage. I'll like deal with it later. I have so many things right now currently that are in my garage that I'm like, I haven't even opened up that cardboard shipping box. I should probably do that. Like I literally haven't done it. So I think it's about time to deal with things. So if I'm dealing with things on a monthly basis, then I know, hey, I'm not using this or hey, maybe I'll keep it for another month. And then if I, you know, say it's in April and then I'm in May and I'm like, you know what? I've waited a month. I don't even like the item anymore or it's not working for me any longer. It's time to go into the donation bin. So I'm gonna be doing that for next year pretty diligently. And then as for donations, I'm not necessarily gonna donate something every single month, but I think what's gonna be awesome is that I will have a system to look at and visualize and make sure that I'm actually doing what I'm supposed to be doing when it comes to donations. Also in my garage, I'm gonna be setting up.  I think they're stir light bins and I use them in my crawl space for organization. If you guys are interested in which ones I got, I'll link it up in a card or not in a card, I'll link it down below, I'm sorry. And I use them for all my like holiday decoration storage and all of my like other miscellaneous storage. And I have a couple of extra bins that are just sitting in my garage. So I think I'm gonna keep those bins in the garage and have them for donations. And then once I come across an item in my home that either isn't working for me or maybe the fit isn't right on the clothing item anymore or the shoes I'm just not into any longer or whatever it is, I can just put it in that bin. And the next time I get one of these cards right here, then I can either call them for pickup or I can drop stuff off at my local thrift store or something like that. And then I can clearly denote in my tracker what I'm donating and when I'm donating it and where I'm donating it to. So I really feel like this is gonna keep me on task and keep me on track for 2019. I mean 2018, we're more than halfway through but I'm probably gonna have more donations but it's just nice to kinda go through things and it feels like if something isn't working for you, pass it along to somebody that it will work for or just donate it because someone else is hopefully gonna buy it from that organization and they will receive funds for your donations. Oh, and if y'all are wondering, I don't have little boxes here because I ran out of the right color of stickers. I actually just got a shipping notification. I think it was today saying that my package was on its way so I just ran out of stickers but they will be full by the time 2019 happens. All right, so this is it for my video to show how I'm tracking donations for 2018. I would be so interested to know how you guys track your donations. Do you have like an app? Do you write it down like I do? Do you have like a spreadsheet on Excel? How do you track your donations for the year so tax time it becomes a little bit easier to muddle through all the paperwork? Let me know in the comments down below what works for you and your family. But that is gonna be it for me today. Feel free to thumbs up the video if you liked it. Also, feel free to subscribe if you wanna be part of the FDE family and you can hit that little red bell notification if you wanna be alerted when I get new videos up for you guys. But yeah, that's it. Hope you guys are having a wonderful day and I'll see you in the next one. Bye guys. Well folks, it's time to kick it old school so you can feel cool. Ha, ha, ha.