So let's do a quick couple shot with us here. We'll move these guys out, and if somebody else joins us, we will just expand a bit. Here we go. This is so good for you. Yes. Okay, great. Great. So because we have a small team this evening, folks, what I'm going to do is actually, we're going to start by just saying our names. And now, you know, you could say where you live in Montpelier. I'm not going to spend a lot of time on introductions, but this will actually be a lovely group to be able to have a good, robust discussion with. So I'm going to start by introducing myself. Then we'll go around the room. This is being filmed, and there are audio microphone devices here. So make sure that you speak up and project because a lot of folks are going to be watching these and adding in their ideas on the tablet, the digital input that we have been having going on since the beginning. So my name is Sarah Waring. I'll just give you a little bit of background on myself. I used to live in Montpelier. I don't right now, but have been working in food systems and agricultural work for quite a while and for a month. I'm really honored to be facilitating this discussion with all of you. And my current job right now is with the USDA's Rural Development Agency. So we do housing, we do community facilities, wastewater infrastructure, broadband telecom, and then we also do rural business support. My sister agencies are agencies like Farm Service Agency and the Natural Resources Conservation Service. So between all of us, we do a lot of the rural economic development and ag development work in the state of Vermont, along with a lot of other great partners like the state itself. Food systems. Okay, come on in if you want us to. Let's start here.  I am Mike Miller. I'm the Director of Planning for the City of Montpelier here and I also have a small farm. I live in East Hardwick. We'll try to put up my June hand. Albert, I live on 90 North Street in Montpelier and I've been in there in the dirt or making food some kind of way for most of my adult life. Linda Smith, I just moved to Montpelier this fall. I'm a retired farmer. I've been farming for four years working in local food systems and I'm really excited about this. Thanks for coming. I'm Matt Wilson. I live in Mary, but I work in the City of Montpelier. I've been single. I live right behind the cattle in Montpelier. I work in the dietitian and I also live in Vermont with the community. I'm not just a kid. I live in the neighborhood in North Franklin Street in Montpelier. My name is Eric Esselston. I live in North Montpelier. I watch my life in the garden. Happy to be here. My name is Johanna Nichols. I live on 1st Avenue in Montpelier and until our churches were closed, I was a volunteer for the Monday community lunch. Selina Moore, North Montpelier. Eric is my husband and I love the garden but also particularly concerned about the hunger all around and how to use the older experience that people know about dirt and how to do it with your hands and not great big motors but get a lot of food in the ground growing from the ground. So my garden could be more and so forth. My name is Cynthia Hartnett and I live on Upper Main Street. Cynthia Hartnett, Upper Main Street in Montpelier. I've lived here for decades, 45 years I think and I'm very interested in food. I've worked a lot with community artists of Central Vermont and still do and also for the food shelf. And I'm very concerned about the situation farmers are in right now and especially because we have a really rich source of local healthy food here that's been damaged a lot. And we're going to get into all of that so we'll get through the photos. David Hartnett, I live where she lives and I've worked on meals on wheels and kind of get meals and help in the kitchen at the senior center as a volunteer and try planning some food in the community garden. I was washed out but it wasn't persistent so I'm still good. It's all one and the same. I'm John Ryan. I currently live in Burlington, but I coached a number of the food businesses, local food businesses that you guys know well from an office in Montpelier for many years. I just felt called to see if there's something I could do. Hi, my name is Will Stevens. I'm from Addison County from Shoreham. My wife and I ran a commercial organic vegetable farm for 40 years that our daughter has taken over last year. And I was in this building for eight years, a decade or so ago. And the ag committee and now I'm employed as an outreach representative for Bernie Sanders. I cover ag, small business, hunger, nutrition, and a few other issues. So I'm here as Will Stevens. So with that, now that we all know each other, let me give you a brief overview of what we're going to do for about the next hour and 10 minutes. So we're going to start with about a 15 minute just open conversation that is about what is going on right now. And we're going to keep focused sort of on Montpelier in this central region. What is going on right now around this topic and I'm going to read the description of the topic again in just a moment. Then we're going to transition into the ideas for the future. What can be done in the shorter term for recovery or the longer term for resilience? What is our vision for the future, but also what might be able to happen just this year or next year? And then at the end, we're going to pause and we're going to try to prioritize what we've come up with. Because when we go back to the big room, we're going to share out one or two or three of our prioritized ideas. Everything will be captured so don't worry about it being missed, but we are going to sort of do a bit of a consensus or voting at the end to make sure that we carry ideas into that room with the rest of the community there that we feel like are actionable and reasonable and that we can lay out to the rest of the community. Alright, so let me just read our topic one more time. I think I actually gave it away to the people who were lost. So food system and food security is the title. And the way this has been framed is area farmers and emergency food systems have been fundamentally challenged by this disaster. As we look ahead, what should be done to advance the food system, local agriculture, food shelves and meal programs, ensuring that all have options for safe, healthy food and that no one goes hungry in our community. So I'm going to let you absorb that. I'm going to invite you to introduce yourself. We did a quick round of introductions. Hi, Nona Estrana from East Mobile. You're not far away and interested in these proceedings to say the least. Great, welcome Nona. Alright, with that, I'm going to kick us off. And my job is to facilitate, keep us on time and also make sure that we share the airspace.  And I'll do it to all of you, so I will not play favorites. I promise, alright? Alright, so here we go. Let's get started. What do we feel like is going on right now around this topic in our community? What's happening around food security? What's happening around the local food system for us in the local community? There is no security right now. The storage, most of the farmers that I work with, one in particular, bear roots. It is the first time since they've been in business, they're actually buying stuff in to try to fill their shells. Their first round of tariffs and a number of other vegetables were just brought in and around. And then these guys have been doing it for years, so they have their systems down and they're putting it in. They know what they're doing and talking to them and the number of farmers and the farmers markets, and I can directly listen to the comments from them. They feel uncertain, insecure, vulnerable and unsupported at this point. We need to find a permanent home along with the kitchen to feed everybody else. May I ask a question? May I ask a question? Are we out of food already now and just coming forward? You know, we'll see how it plays out at the end of the year. Now I know a couple of people that raise animals that are dependent on hay and feed. There is no food these days. There's no other slaughter. There are animals that are keeping the ones that have feed grass for now. So farmers feeling vulnerable and the food supply, right? First time I ever remember there being a conflict between the flat riverlands where we grow food for animals and people. And the talk about creating wetlands to protect us from flooding. So thinking long term. Where do you feel like that conflict is happening right now? The feast farm potentially. Yeah, any place that's flooded near the river, long term thinking will take you to look at it and think, hmm, is this a good place for wetlands? Right. And obviously, those aren't real issues because those belong to people. They own those farms. But there is conflict in thinking. And I feel confused in my own mind about it. And I'm sure other people do as well. Yeah, that's great. What else? Yeah, yeah. Is it still fair to say that basically 94% of our food comes from a diesel truck? Say that again. Yeah, a high percentage. Not that much anymore. He's asking about the percentage of food that's imported into the state. 75% of all of our produce. That's a high percentage.  Why don't you give us your idea or the, the concern that you've got? Okay, we shop regularly and show us or the co-op and we pick up local food wherever we can. I mean, the kind of things we're going to eat. We're having to be vegans. And I'm not sure in the wintertime, we wouldn't get pretty skinny if we just ate local food. And I just, the long range picture of being food independent or semi-independent is a huge, huge step. I can't believe the amount of plastic stuff coming from Kansas or California. That's part of our effort to eat. And I'm more than willing to help, you know, grow local food where we can play a role. We're consumers at the moment, basically. As you said, also diesel fuel is what brings it. So the environment's being hurt by just the fact that we need to get in here. So the role and the size of imports into our food system as we look ahead is going to be really important. How much, when do we bring it in? How does it come to us? So that's good. We'll capture that as we think about long term. Other thoughts about what's going on right now? What's happening right now? I had a question, piggybacking on that. It's just, what are we talking about when we're talking about non-filiar and the area of commerce we're concentrating on? Like this area or the state? And what percentage is being imported? I think we need metrics. We can measure progress over time. I mean, hard work in other places is not only growing, but we can process a lot of food ourselves and keep it through the winter, or store it through the winter. So it's the whole food system. When COVID struck, when this was started, COVID too, it broke the supply chains. So we just have to be strong and we have to support each other. And we can measure our progress over time and how much we are producing. Yep. So I'm going to encourage us to think about what is happening right now on the ground in our first, we've got about seven minutes left for this part. So throw out any ideas about what is happening. I want to think about the meals on wheels and the security issues. I want to think about health issues. So the CSA. Yep. I belong to a CSA and the CSA comes into Mount Baker as well. So it's Calisthenia. But he works as tail. Yep. And I'm sure there's going to be more greenhouses than there is just into the ground. There's a lot of flow of people who are making food and bringing it into the public space to share. And that's the first time I've ever seen that happening in that degree in this area. So you're saying prepared meals happen in a new and different way. Yeah. There are just all sorts of things that have been happening that way. And also I don't think we measure the garden produce that people eat from their own gardens. When we say 75%, I don't think we ever have measured the degree to which that's supplemented by home gardens. All right. So there are a couple who love their hands up. So let me get to them. I think we've got Matt first and then Eileen and then Livia. Yep. So my concern really is just to build the systems for rural populations because the community serves the environment policy for these meals program which serves over 50 plants, over low plants, and not really our number one. Yeah. I just want to make sure that we can expand that to reach more vulnerable populations like in-house or with younger people like myself who have difficulty making them. So expanding that fruits of the vulnerable population awareness. Right. And obviously making them more resilient because obviously the piece of harm is going to be out of where it's going to flood again so it doesn't move. Thank you. I was just going to ask what's happening. How long do you learn the churches are trying to brainstorm about somebody at the kitchen's hand and destroy when they find these central sources that all together utilize one cushion to frame the needs of the community? That's a great conversation. Yes. I think that's what works and needs to continue to be explained. So they're collaborating right now to think about the future. That's awesome. Well, I don't know if this is right now, but the sustainable jobs fund which will know a lot about working the last couple of years on regional resilience. And I think we should tap into what they have already found out because we're part of that. And any stability we have is going to come not from our career but from the greater region. So I would like to tap into the work they've done which is significant in terms of trying to get local produce and see what their idea is. Who's there? Who's there? What's it called, Will? The Sustainable Jobs Fund. The Sustainable Jobs Fund. They do farm to plate and then now they have this new initiative that is trying to tap into the resiliency of the whole region, not just for not. The farm to plate come out with a study of 21-22 that analyzed the percentage of everything we were producing in the state and showed where to make up the differences of what we needed.  Jobs, processing, acres. We saw a page couple of years ago. Yeah, so there's a great resource. We're going to do a couple more and then we're going to pivot into the next part of our work. So this is like my problem. I get stuff I see a say. I don't need it all. But then I look and I think, well, I get it on Thursday but the food shop, I would go to marshmallows on Wednesday. So what do I do with it? I could gather with some of the people in Calis and we could build it that we could put it in a central place. But just one person, it just goes into the compost. There's a place down right next to the fish market that closed. The corner store in Montpelier. What is it called? Uncommon market. Stick it in there. What is fresh? Not everyone knows about all that. I love this. We're going to hold on to this idea. When we go into what can we do in the short term? Because this, where does our surplus go? I think is a great short term action item that we can start to think about. I want a little surplus. A personal surplus. Exactly. If you've got more than you need. I'm going to hold on to that one for a short term. But I want to just turn to the food security system for a moment. And the most vulnerable. I'm thinking about community harvest of central Vermont. Have they done anything new and different during this time? Or is it just more? Are they trying to do more? They weren't in existence 14 years ago. I cannot imagine what it was like before they existed. Because every week I'm there when they're packing up to get ready to send things to sites. And meal sites. And food pantries and such. All over central Vermont. All the way out to Marshfield. And Northfield. And the food is just wonderful local fresh produce. And I just can't wait to go in there. They put in a brand. They got funding. They got a new band. And they got a giant wallet. Yes. They're really expanding. And they're doing well. I think they're a great organization. So it's a circle of leaning on local farms. That goes into the food security system. And it works in conjunction with willing hands. Which is a really big organization. That's a lot of value. And they get things from that weekly. It's just amazing to see the wonderful food that people are getting. There's a lot of organization in the last 10 years. Exactly. All right. Let's do two more of what's going on right now. And then we're going to pivot. You all were so eager to talk about ideas of what we could do. The next part of the conversation will be really exciting. I promise. Okay, Linda. There's other programs, too, like the Farm to Family and the Food Stamps. Could you speak more about it? Oh, Farm to Family and the Food Stamps that go through the farmers market. And there's certain co-ops that people on EBT get a discount. I forget what it is. They get, they can sign up for a program. But those programs make them sustainable for the future. They're good programs. And it requires that signing up, right? And then the awareness of where you can go to buy your food. Which is an education thing, right? It's an education. All right. Let's get two more ideas. One of the factors even more, not hit by the plug, is the affordability of fresh food. And I worked in joint housing for a couple of years. And people would love to have more food. Of course, they have an emphasis on that. But a lot of it's godsend for the different agencies that are involved with communities. There is, I wanted to say that an alliance, as it were, between the farmers and all of these networks, they work together to help. Great. That's right. Yep. Right. A lot of farmers are already connected to the food security system because they do the gleaning. Or maybe they have a surplier. They're donating. But some kind of a small tax break. Any other last comments about the food producers themselves that we want to make sure to get on the table as we think about and transition into thinking about ideas for the future? We heard about the land and the conflict over land. We heard a little bit about just lack of food and lack of food for animals. It's mostly the security of feeling vulnerable and trying to plan for the planet. Do they have a theme up? I heard that there's not a theme up for the farmers. So there's something federally that's empty there, isn't there? They got $1 billion out of the $20 billion. So that's the we get program for the state of Vermont. Farmers are in a different category and do not qualify for FEMA direct assistance as farms. If their house was, you know, there are other things that they may be able to apply for, but as a farm business, FEMA and SBA do not support them. Is that all of the country? It's all over the country. Farm Service Agency is their recovery agency. So their programs are the ones that farmers can apply to. So it's a good one? Yes, it is. All federal agencies are tricky. Yes, it is a good one. It is a good one. Yes, ma'am. So just an example of climate change. So some of the producers that are at the farmers market, this week, he didn't have a particular kind of cucumber because it's so wet that his cucumber is rotted in the ground. And so I think one of my concerns about what's happening right now is our farmers can't depend on the weather. Not that they've ever been, you know, could depend on the weather, but actually there have been times in our past when a farmer could kind of set his watch by when something was going to happen seasonally. Paul Stone, Daniel Shorn told me that he raises a bazillion number of turkeys. I was just saying, not anymore. No, and so now I feel like we're talking about how are we going to live with the rivers? Yes. How is our prototype going to live with climate change which is here now? That's a great one. That's a good one to sort of pivot on because I think that sets the stage for us to come up with a few ideas around what does long-term resilience or even short-term ideas for our soils, our moisture, precipitation that is unpredictable, right? Some of those changing factors in the business of farming. Temperature fluctuation. Temperature fluctuation, you've got it. Like the apple crop. I don't know how shampooing bodies wiped out. You've got it. We're at this program that is happening for young kids who they go to camp. Well, if you think about it, we'll mark it there. It's a new venture. All right, we're going to pivot. The next 40 minutes are about shorter-term recovery ideas. So this is the kind of idea that Eileen brought up about consolidating church kitchens. That can be done in the next year, right? Find a place, centralize it, maybe do the meals together. And then longer-term, like land or like soil and unpredictability of moisture and precipitation and temperature. Longer-term resilience. So as you think about these ideas, say out loud for the group, this is an idea that I think we could do in the short-term and here's what it might look like, or this is an idea that I'd love to see for the future, for the long-term. All right, we're going to do this for about 40 minutes and then these will be the ideas that we consolidate at the end and we just pick a few of them to take back to the group.  May already be under way or under consideration, but when Eileen happened, I think it was the Community Foundation who had a real effort to try to reach out to the producers who were affected by it. And I am realizing that over time there have been a number of organizations that have been able to fund the group that has set the economy that already has in place the ability to review and do outreach to affected farms and producers and just would think there'd be value in trying to utilize those existing places and give them more money and find ways to let them have more funds and to provide either good or interest loans that would be worth buying us. Rather than try to set something up at home. They could even teach younger farmers what they do and they could expand that way. Maybe I'm not understanding that. I'm referring to those farms that have been affected by it, but how they get back on their feet and how they get the money to do that. There are fractures in place that have been doing that for a while and they probably need more resources now than they have. So raising money through philanthropy and into the no interest loan, emergency loan program for farmers that already exist, right? And that could be short term. Yeah, it's just immediate. Justin, the ag budget and I don't get in trouble with this but sending some of that dairy money in another direction for a fossil fuel industry that isn't really sustainable. So tell me you're talking about the federal budget or the state budget? So what action would we take in this community to move if that's an idea that you want to throw on the table? How does this community take a step toward that goal? 500 people in the showroom. There you go, yeah. So like a grassroots campaign kind of thing, yeah. And what's the goal? To redistribute some of the budget out of dairy into green vegetable farm, all the other areas that we have shortfall and we could be growing stuff that could go in the storage and we might have some food to get us to release the season. Okay. Is that short or long term? I think that was a little bit, maybe mid. Maybe, yeah. It might take a couple of sessions. He's got some problems. Yeah. Well, to follow up on the concept of this is the able job. Maybe Monterey would have a representative to this in touch with them so they would be following and incorporating the work that they do into our clients. Oh. That could be short term. So Monterey representative or, you know, some connection between the city and what they're working on and the stable job. So we could see how to use their information and also just get their help. So it gets built into our city plans and some of those longer journeys. Right. So that we become a cooperating partner. There you go. Short term? Why does he vote? We're going to start that tomorrow. I nominate. Oh, wait. That's a great one. All right. Other short term or long term? One of the things that was going on that I read there, what Meals on Wheels is they still got Meals on. Yeah. And I think they still got Meals delivered to Rochester and God knows other places that were closed at a given time. The water is surrounded so much for the state of breaking it up to focus and concentrate on the people that are doing it. And a lot of them are volunteers and it's sort of like instead of waiting for the state, waiting for somebody else to help us out, it's something that we can do individually as an agent in the world. And it's helpful to have folks in higher low places but we have to step up. I love it. So tell me exactly would you be adding volunteers to the Meals on Wheels organization? Would you be just celebrating them in some way or getting them a day off? What was the action? Well, I think celebration would be a good thing. So I work in the kitchen. I work just kind of like vegetables and so forth. It's there. I don't have to worry about it. I've got a knife and I've got a watch for the band. But there are lots of people that come in and they get all this food out. It's just the norm. They get it and bury it too. Now when we get out of here, Bob is a great cook. So you've got a whole bunch of systems of people. Some of them are paid, but many of them are not. I have a focus on that. Just a focus on some of them. And that brings more people in. There you go. You don't have to sit by the corner in a week and sackcloth and ashes. You can do something. No sackcloth and ashes. All right. Good. We've got that one. Linda. First, a question. A question and a comment. I'm confused because there's both fun weeks. There's different sources like the Under Mountain Co-op. It's in the Lord Alpha Cooper farm, which is flooded. And the farmers, there's various sources. I don't know if we can consolidate it or not, or if it's better to have it. Various avenues. It's a question. My comment. My comment about when I moved here, I heard about the peace program. I was like, whoa, the city of Montpelier is growing vegetables and paying money, like supporting this to grow vegetables for seniors and other ones. We need to make that. We need to support that. We need more money. We need to find land for it. I think it's a great program. It's also supported by UVM Extension. It's a win-win-win. So the more money going to the peace program and permanent land is that what I'm hearing. And it's a good example for other communities to do this. So really a city farm. Their current location was totally flooded. Is this a longer term, though? Yeah. This would take a couple years. Yeah. Absolutely. Go ahead, David. And then I'm going to make sure quiet people are talking to you. No, you're good. I watched the two river farm. It was running in the city. And of course, one to two years, the amount of work and effort and energy, and it was like a pop-up. A phenomenon. So it was really sort of sad when the river came. But it can happen again. We build because we need. Yep. All right. I'm going to let it go ahead, Eric. I am not from Montpelier, but when I was three or four years ago, how many acres did the city spend a million bucks? And we're talking about tennis courts. I know that it was a golf course, and it may take a fair amount of renewal of the soil. God knows what kind of chemicals were poured on or a golf course. But there is land within walking distance or biking distance or whatever, which is part of the city, owned by the city. And we're talking about where can we grow food? Can some lens be focused on that as an option, not because a lot of people want to play tennis or whatever they want to do, but because the world is going to need local food. I'm going to put that as a potential, the exploration of that. I'm betting if this becomes a priority issue, part of the next step of the group that tackles this is to find five parcels to then present to the city. So I'm going to put that down as one, but I'm betting that part of what they would do is say, let's look at soils, let's look at river corridor, let's look at housing, some of those other things. And let's look at hungry people. In a world that's changing so fast. There's this woman here, I was talking about their seasons when the cucumbers don't grow. And we're just getting used to that. I have friends who live in Salina, Kansas. Three generations, the first time ever, they've asked for crop insurance. They've been hammered by drought in western Kansas. Thousands of acres of zip. I haven't checked a loaf of bread, but the world is changing. And if we can maybe not depend on Kansas, but the old golf course, Britain did it during World War II. There you go. Matt, Matt said his head up in the road, what do you live in? So what was the act to say? I'm sure our people are going to love your work. I'm sorry, I was just saying, I'm sure our people are going to love your work. The expansion of the program is important. I tried to collate my ideas into short being. Great. This is my job for me. Or short term, just kind of building and strengthening relationships between both producers and suppliers. So I was kind of thinking this way, especially reaching out to small scale producers or indigenous producers. That's really kind of the building that shows up. The medium term solution is hoarding. Sort of. But yeah, just kind of developing those relationships kind of reaching out to product communities and indigenous communities. And then really the long term solution is building out food forests Building out what? Food forests Other small scale Small scale community food operations and it just came back to me. That's alright. I was just like one step out of myself. We'll come back to you, Matt. There's no rush, there's no rush. So I'm just going to take a quick moment. So food forest, right? Edible landscape idea. Okay, Linda, sorry. It seems like, I think you said it, supporting the farmers who are out there now and how can we do it like from the farmers market? But it seems like the PR, the PR has been really good for the business people. But it doesn't seem so good for the farmers. And until we can really say, this is just as important. And it is. And I mean, so there used to be PR for the value and the importance and working with not only getting land, but how about the people who are out there already doing it? And how do we really support them? Immigration of farmers, providing incentives for other states to come here because there's a lack of young farmers in the state. And that could be the apprenticeship program. Yeah, right. Okay. I saw Albert stand up. I guess if I was king of the forest, I think the farm to center the community that I would build a central farm house for all the farmers in the storage where they could sell their stuff every day or get one kitchen there where they could feed the whole community. All the food comes in, it's processed there, it's distributed, and it's central to Montevideo as a permanent house. So there's a model out of Philadelphia called the Common Market. They represent 185 family farms. With climate change, we don't prepare and have some kind of storage facilities like that in places like that. Centralized and shared. Okay. Along with the integrating farmers and the users, what about a regular group of five people who attach themselves to, say, the sheep farm a mile outside of Montevideo? And once a week they go and they're available to do whatever jobs they're given. There's a group like that at the North Branch Nature Center. They build furniture, they swab out the basement, they do all kinds of fun and unfun jobs. But whatever they do that day that they go, they do something that has been lined up for them. And all week long, people can say, oh, we can get our group to do that. So volunteer labor force. Volunteer regular people, like a small select labor force for this place. Okay. For this place, for this place. There's got to be a way to do that, that would work. And maybe it could be in exchange for food, I don't know. That's right. Do you want to actually come into the circle and join us? Sure. You are more than welcome. There's a two. We'd love to welcome you. I wasn't sure if you were butterfly or anything like that. Yeah, I kind of was. And then I was like, wow, this is very interesting. Do you want to just share your name? Oh, I'm Kayla. I work with Linda at the North Branch Foundation. Oh, great. Thanks for coming to me. Yeah. So we're in the middle, Kayla, of short and long-term ideas for the future or midterm if you want to throw those out. Did I see a hand? I thought I saw one over there. Yeah. David. When the tomato flight hit, oops, something along the farmer said, this is it. We can't grow tomatoes outside. We have to raise our tomatoes in greenhouses. And they produce tremendous results. So I'm thinking hydroponics. I'm thinking, well, land is good. We don't always have to grow everything on land. There are urban greenhouses for lack of a better way of saying it. They grow micro plants and so forth. So it's sort of let's stretch our imagination a little bit and think of hallways that if you're a farmer, not only knows how to stay in the business, but is there some way that you can balance your existing practice and then add to it? And then the big communities like Burlington have these high buildings. We could even develop things on the top of buildings. We've seen that before. So I'm going to put this into urban hydroponic or alternative, what do I say? Vertical farm. Vertical, but it's not all vertical. So I'm going to say non-soil based, right? Like other, not on the ground, but on buildings in straight up walls or more hydroponics. Alternative soil based. They're good soil based tomatoes. Little guys make great soil based tomatoes. Spring cake farm. I'm about to visit a 10 acre greenhouse tomorrow in Burlington, Hampshire. Glass or plastic? Glass. I'm just conscious of how... Wow, that's great. I haven't been a lot of suggestions for dealing with food insecurity for those who need it most. That they are often dependent on food excess and upon the ability of producers to have lots of people in the life. And I'm just certain to give, and I'm just conscious that the number of people in the community grows with experiences like this and often comes at a time when the supply and the capacity is limited. So I'm just wondering if folks have thoughts about that before we... And right now all of the churches that were supplying the community lunches all during the week were all closed because we were all flooded. So there's only one site in front of the Episcopal Church that Skinny Pancake is supplying to go. We were doing a real meal. I mean a real sit-down, real dinner on every Monday at our church and other churches were too. So, yeah, what's happening with that? So what's a vision? What's an idea for that? We heard... I think there's actually a meeting to be happening this week around the Trinity Church, which the church kitchen was not affected, whether they could open their doors and then every church could still do their Monday or Tuesday or Wednesday meal in that site. So that's something... The question is, you know, are they going to be able to prepare a meal or are they going to have to purchase the hot meal supplemented, which is what's happening right now? How that cost is going to be addressed? So they don't have a meeting imminent. Imminent. Good. So that's a long-term vision for that. What's an answer to that question? I mean, does it make sense long-term to have each church do their own? That's the question. No, it doesn't. So there's five churches right now. Navy, Navy, plus volunteers trying to service the same group of people that you could go before people in the kitchen. Literally. I thought I'd done the UU meals for years in the morning kitchen, you know, had these conversations for years, but all of a sudden post-COVID floods is a thing. So should we put... I don't want to say consolidate, but should we put organize or coordinate the charity meals in the future? I would like to introduce the idea of voting the idea of doing it some of the time. This is exactly what we got when we got Saga and all the little... I was the director of senior meals and meals for the whole state for 20 years. And we had lots of lovely little kitchens that all went with Saga at some point for exactly these reasons. And all of the local donations stopped coming in five months out of the year that people were bringing in. And we lost something. We gained something. We lost something. So maybe it's a great option. It may be absolutely necessary in some places at some times, but we should... And it may not be something that the community picks up if the churches are going to be working on it themselves, right? So it doesn't have to be a future idea.  I just need to say that we don't just cook the meal. We sit down with people in the community. So four volunteers for eight... That would just... It's not the same. It's very, very important to socialize to be part of a community to share meals with the community. I agree with the social factor. Social factor. That's right. All right, Mike. Let's hear your idea. And then unfortunately, folks, believe it or not, we're going to have to start prioritizing the community. So... So I haven't been saying anything because my boss didn't want me to be kind of jumping in, but there are two things that I think could be helpful. One is the previous MSAC director, the senior center director. One of her goals was with the Country Club Road site was that as we build out that site for... It's meant to be a recreation and community center, and a part of that community center is what's intended to be designed to be a large commercial kitchen because the commercial kitchens are too small in order to do meals on wheels. So they want to grow and expand that. That could be an opportunity where others could... There could be a larger coming together of the churches also go through and say, can we consolidate a lot of our work into in other words, one large freezer? And again, Country Club Road is out of the flood plain so it can't be flooded again. It would be a vocation where we could store food and it's something the city would own and operate and therefore take some of those costs off of the volunteers. They'll need to be probably staffed by volunteers, but at least the city can take some of those costs. I don't know what's happening with that idea and I don't know much about that, Sarah left. I don't know what happened to that idea, but that was always an idea she had. I don't believe there's really any updates on that just because the whole Country Club Road process is still ongoing. I will say the farm has potentially a new site where Country Club Road property is being looked at. Good, so we've got that one. The second large project that a long-term project would be that actually Home Farm Way is not owned by the city. It is still a defunct property not owned by anybody. It is still technically owned by the two rivers farm which is gone and so it's still there in limbo. The feast farm just jumped in and took advantage of a space that wasn't actually occupied. It would be another opportunity the city has always been betwixt in between do we take this property or do we not take this property? It is an opportunity where there could be long-term farming there. It is a farm but these things will happen periodically and that it is in the flood plain. I don't know how often it will flood but periodically it will but in between you might have 30 years without any flooding and this is 15 acres of terrible farmable land but we really need to result the ownership of it. Ownership? Okay. Kaylee, do you have any ideas? Is it Kaylee or Kayla? Kayla, I'm sorry. Do you have any ideas you want to throw out before we start? Yeah, I was just kind of thinking about the free meals and another way how they do free meals every Friday and Wednesday I believe and I feel like they might have been a bit of a forgotten part of the community in a way I've been volunteering there for a little bit and they're really needing help and more people to show up for they have free massage, free acupuncture they have more community gatherings but not many people are coming up but I guess also because most of the people who go there are honestly forgotten community members who need special attention so yeah, I mean they have a garden, they were out of the flood zone. Where is it? On Berry Street. Yeah, another way, community center. Oh, another way. So yeah, maybe there could be collaboration with them as well. Thank you. Okay, bear with me. I'm going to read through all these ideas and then we're going to have to sort of do a bit of a voting the ideas will not get lost okay, we're going to save them all they will all go in the notes they'll all go in the reporting but for tonight's purposes we're going to pick what we think are the most doable or the most actionable maybe a couple short term and one long term maybe only one short term and a few more bigger long term ones remembering that this group who's here tonight and the folks who are going to join us upstairs are the people who are going to vote with their feet we are going to be the volunteers or the city officials or the organizations that stand up and do this together so remember that you're voting for something that you may actually be standing up and raising your hand to do later on okay, short term we have moving more money to financing organizations zero percent interest or philanthropy to farmers in need we have a Montpelier representative to the front, sorry farm to plate so that our local city plans incorporate long term food resilience goals we have supporting and celebrating the volunteers who run Meals on Wheels and Food Security we have the feast program more money and examining permanent spaces for that feast city farm we have strengthening relationships between producers and suppliers particularly reaching out to underserved populations BIPOC and indigenous farmers and food producers we have incentives for other farmers to come to Vermont we have small select regular volunteer labor force to do work on farms we have just public relations just getting the word out about farmers and their need right now just raising the awareness across the state about what has happened to our local food system because of this we have centralized or coordinated church food distribution and that's a question mark because that may really be moving forward on its own and then we have making sure to include all pieces of the food security emergency meals including the another way to use them okay long term do you want to vote on those real quick and then we'll go to longer because this is a lot otherwise I have a thought if I'm trying my best to capture the ideas that you have here on the sticky pad that perhaps people could just do a check bless your heart we have been told we absolutely can't put anything on the walls so the stickies might be good sure sure I'll lend you that one it might take a no problem it could be really long to try to do the ideas I like that thanks John okay so here's some of the longer term ones readjusting our state agriculture budget so that it prioritizes diversified vegetable farms and move some of the money out of dairy the permanent land option I guess I had it in both categories I probably wrote it down in short this is how you just said the permanent land option food forests and small scale community operations so incentivize we don't have a specific action item but that's a long term how do we think about food forests forageable edible landscapes shared farm storage processing distribution in a centralized facility somewhere alternative soil based growing so hydroponics urban agriculture vertical agriculture how do we incentivize these in the state to make sure we have resilience long term and then the land ownership issue of the home farm way site and the potential community center that is already in the planning process and how that could actually be utilized for a large commercial kitchen and food storage we could essentially jump into that process again with this idea so I have a way with short term versus long term it says I can feel this short term seems to be more like meaningful dots for life and then long term is looking for a more centralized structure like but it's more right now we can connect the dots that's a great way to put it so why don't you if you have one that you feel like passionate that you'd like to call out as John is doing this exercise is there any short term idea that you would love to see us take back to the big group anyone want to just call in the paper I want to go with because that's the center of distribution now is that a short term or is that long term are you talking about exploring a permanent site for it long term it would have to be long term because right now there's not much so I'm going to say one vote for this idea of exploring permanent options for the fees farm right and the fees program and exploring more funding for it so that it can become really this community farm that we can turn to and that has a more robust program there's only one vote can we add to that we're going to vote for everybody I'm just asking for anyone that anyone feels passionate about getting on the PR which one? PR getting the word out what's going on okay great I also second the supporting the fees program and all the bias towards them and the emergency food hub I didn't hear that again the emergency food hub so is that the food storage and distribution idea the big central kitchen I had not heard it called the emergency food hub until right now I didn't really doubt it okay so he just put a name on something that's been said a couple times I'm just going to clarify the idea of a centralized kitchen with food storage that farmers could use in the area having that be a seed saver food saver processing kitchen okay I'm going to call that long term yes that would be a building in the city but I think if there's a small group of people who tackles that idea then you can come up with what do we do now what do we do 10 years from now yeah okay so those are great ones are there any short term ones we want to make sure what do we do the PR do you want to give us like an idea of what a group of volunteers and volunteers could do for that well you could use report form you could go to the farmers market signs it's sort of like there could be different radio stations use different ways for talking about it and it's just getting you know things in the editor you know all the PR ways of the message is you know what's really going on here and the farmers here need to report it and this is some of the things you can do so it's really about getting the general public to volunteer to donate to so the farmers know that they're appreciating it too that's really important how you doing Joe okay I'm gonna post this as a singer once the whole idea of performance and arts and stuff and there were all kinds of jingles on the radio in my era and if someone could think of a jingle that would keep singing over and over I love it for me the support jingle was a kitty cup it was talking about how a mantra and singing over and over again how about having a contest for a former song contest I love it hopefully one thing would become the we do have a lot of great performers in Vermont so there you go I'm gonna start we are gonna try to do this thing and give you, it's gonna be tight there are some pens here at this table but the political is also important we're gonna put these short term ideas which includes it includes one of the political one so John's putting these out so we're gonna pass out pens here or if you've got one please use it and please only do two votes at this point perhaps the couple that have the most votes one for short term I think at this point let's just do whatever whatever you want short term I'm moving around here so it'll be a little clearer and I may miss some so and do we mark our vote on the paper that was my thought one vote on each category just put a check mark next to the two that you think we should take upstairs and I and I you have two votes yes you may put two do they need to be on the long term in the short term don't worry about it I will sort them out later and if we get a bunch on the long term all right so if you start to do short term on this side and it moves towards longer term over here and I probably missed a few so I'm gonna move some pens so if anybody sees one that they didn't get captured I'll quickly put it in and people might want to hold a vote until they make sure they got them out so here's what we're gonna do why don't we start Eileen with you you come up and we'll go and we'll establish counterclockwise yes exactly so start behind Eileen and then shuffle this one and vote on vote as you go but we do have to do everything the ten minute sign about six minutes ago so it was good we were definitely wrestling with how do we do dot voting in the state house where you can't put anything on the list it was a tricky round here we go folks I'm going to read the ones that got the most votes out loud if you want to hang out for just a moment we have open dinners and we usually have it kind of like the same thing where's the one for the first time let's see let's see I think alright folks here we go I'm going to read the ones that we have out loud that have the most votes right now and again I'm saving all of these so we have three votes for a local grassroots campaign to readjust the ag budget away from dairy we have short term more money for the feast farm and long term a permanent location and then we have a Montpelier representative to the farm to plate plan so that we can incorporate food resilience into our local planning alright the others will still live okay so if they end up coming back around in community conversations they're still going to be live but these are the ones I'll bring up upstairs alright here we go have some really


Purdue is my alma mater. I did my graduate work here. I had a really positive experience. I have to go back to the mentorship I received from faculty in my graduate program. I'm a first-generation student. I was an international student throughout my education in the U.S. And so in terms of understanding what I could do, what options were available to me, I didn't know many things until my mentors told me I could do certain things. I never thought about doing a PhD ever. And then one day in undergrad, one of my mentors said, I think you could become a doctor. And that really stuck with me. And when it comes to my students, especially our first-generation students, our URM students, our female students, right, those of us who not necessarily have the confidence even to pursue certain paths or realize certain dreams, I hope to do that through my mentoring. I do international relations. That's my area of specialization. And for me, global awareness, understanding the world and the world beyond their context, for example, the United States, is very important to a student's development. We had to come on today and let Natasha know that she is one of the winners of this year's Murphy Award. We're teaching. Congratulations, Natasha. So these are tears of joy. Tears of joy to also see these great students. I'm the first black woman to win the award, as well as the third black faculty member. So that holds a lot of significance for me. It also can be meaningful for our students to see that teaching excellence can be embodied in someone like me, first-generation international student, black woman. Sometimes you don't realize the impact you make. And by them doing that, that really touched me and gave me, let's just say, that vigor to continue doing what I do.


Hi and welcome to the session. I am Deepika here. Let's discuss the question. Find d over dx of the following function y is to power x is equal to x raise to power y So let's start the solution. Our given function is y raise to power x is equal to x raise to power y taking logarithm on both sides We get s log y is equal to y log x now differentiate both sides with respect to x We have We will apply product rule here on both the sides Now on the left hand side we have x into derivative of log y this is 1 by y and derivative of y with respect to x is dy by dx plus log y into 1 and on the right hand side we have y into derivative of log x that is 1 by x plus log x Into derivative of y with respect to x. So this is dy by dx now combining terms containing dy by dx We have we have two terms here. It is x by y and here it is log x So we get dy by dx into y y minus log x is equal to y by x minus log y So this implies dy by dx is equal to y by x minus log y upon x by y minus log x this implies dy by dx is equal to y by x into y minus x log y upon x minus y log x So we have found the dy by dx and our answer is dy by dx is equal to y by x into y minus x log y upon x minus y log x. I hope the question is clear to you. Why and enjoy yourself


Before, uh-huh, I don't know, I have to finish. Good night. That's fine. We'll not be. Before I leave, I will do that. Not right. Go away. What? Yeah, she's hanging on me. No, yeah, I know. But probably 12 o'clock. Stop right. Get away from me. Yeah. I don't know, what are the dates you're thinking of? That'll be good. I don't know, probably like the 16th through the 20th. Because that'd be like the rest of the day. Basically, what I'm going to be doing today is distracting my boyfriend while he's on the phone. And today is a perfect day for that because he actually has a lot of phone calls he has to do today. So I'm just going to distract him the entire time. I do want to give a huge shout out to our new friends, Montana and Ryan. Montana just did this prank on Ryan. I thought it was hilarious. And I needed to find a perfect day to do this prank. Hashtag Team Ryan has to stay in the lead. Make sure you guys stay tuned and watch the whole thing and see how he reacts at the end. Let's continue to 10,000 likes.  You guys are DMing me on Instagram. Our Instagram handles are right here. DM us prank ideas or any other video ideas you guys want to see from us. We will shot you guys out if you guys do come up with a really creative idea. Also, I want to give a huge shout out to all of our Tiktok supporters that are on the screen right here. Thank you guys so much for being part of our Tiktok and our live streams. You guys are amazing. We love you so much. And I'll see you guys soon. Alright, so I hear Bill is still on the phone. So I'm going to go downstairs, set up the camera and get this prank on a roll. Are you going to drive? Yeah. I was going to say, wait, so then you'll have your car too. And I mean, obviously not everyone's going to fit in it. But we'll be able to go places if we want. Because I know Jules and Todd and another couple, they're probably going to be, what's it called? Rest up. I'm trying to talk to them. They're probably trying to be going to like their manager. They have to go to like YouTube headquarters or whatever. So they'll be doing stuff and we can go off on our own. Yeah. Wait, are you going to get your phone? Mariah, yeah. She's literally... I want to say hi. Hi Connor. Oh my God. Here. Just let me talk. I don't want to walk. Um, yeah, but stop. Yeah, I was thinking of making a deal for that, but I didn't know what to do. I didn't know what to do. Um, no, I think it's a good deal. I think we should take it, but like we just have to look over a little more. Because, sorry. Because it, you know, obviously wouldn't be smart. We got to weigh out our options and look at multiple places. So we're not just stuck on one. Because then we'll know for sure if it's a good deal or not. Because we still have to root out all the other competitors. Um, it's two o'clock right now. Yeah. No, I'm good to talk. My girlfriend's just being in the way. Yeah, Mariah. No, nothing. Nah, she's going away. Yeah. I don't know, if you want to, whenever we meet up in August, we're going to LA in August, right? Stop. We're going to LA in August. Stop hitting me. Right? Answer my question. Yeah. Mariah, stop, please. I love you. Yeah, no, it's fine. Because, um, all right, babe, I literally can't talk to him. Like, just give me a second. Just give me a second. You're so cute. I like your lipstick, by the way. Hold on. Hold on. Can you please just let me talk on the phone. I'm sorry. I will pay attention to you in a minute. But I can't. I'm on the phone right now. Please stop. I'm not, no, you're not listening. One sec, one sec, one sec. I'm really, let me talk. I love you, babe.  And you can look at me. Um, all right. Huh? Yeah. What I'm thinking is I think we should go and do that. And then once we're done, we can move on to the next, um, step would obviously be the most important. And we'll talk about that in a minute. Yeah. My girlfriend is being extra right now. All right, please. This is serious. This is okay. Okay. Yeah, I know, I know. We'll do that now. We'll do it now then. This is serious. I could, no, I could talk. It's just, yeah, just go. You want to get him on the line too? Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Yeah, you can put him on the line. Yeah, you can put, just add, add to the call. You know how to add people to the call? One sec. Yeah, just add him to the call. Be back. Right. He's on mute right now. Let me just, stop. You would have hit me in the face with that. Let me talk on the phone, baby. Come here, give me a kiss, give me a kiss. Give me a kiss. There, that's all you get. All right, I'll leave you alone. Give me 10 minutes. Or 20. I'll put him off mute until you stop. And I'll stop. You're being so extra. Go work out or something. Do an ab workout. All right. Hello? All right. Yeah. Yeah, we got everything in place. I know. I'm, I'm here. I'm here, I'm here. Okay, this is not okay. I'm actually, do you know that those can poke people's eyes out? I'm, I'm gonna, you're being so extra. Sorry. I know. No, I apologize. My girlfriend's being extra today. Brian, put the bat down. Laughing on the phone right now. Yeah. No, we'd like to move forward. Yeah. Yeah. I'm sorry. My girlfriend's being extra. All right. I'm going upstairs now. Stop hitting me. Stop messing with me. He's so good. I knew I was gonna give him this mess. I'm fine next week. No, no, no. It sounds great. I cannot wait. Literally. I'm gonna have some fun. It's gonna be cool. I can't wait. We just have to sign. Oh my God.  Stop. No.  I thought we moved up here to get away from you. Please. Just give me a second. Please, just go back upstairs. I'll meet you down there. You're not even supposed to be up here. Make some food or something. Another kissy. Another kissy. Huh? One more kissy. One more kissy. Yeah. Yeah, I'll do that. No, one more kissy. Yeah, do that. Another one. Another one. One more kissy. Huh? One more. Okay, fine. Yeah, I think we should, yeah, book it and that'll be done. And then we could get on the phone call another day. And then we could get on the phone call another day and finish that. Oh. But this is all good. We're all set now. Yeah. No, that'll be awesome. That'll be... Oh. Oh. All right.   Okay, just finish. Hey, it's just... Stop. Two seconds. They're signing it.  You may be holding up. You may be holding up. Hold on. Let me call him back really quick. No, Bill. Hold on. Before we call him back. Before we call him back. Before we call him back. Wait a minute. Wait a minute. I'm calling back... I'm telling you I'm calling back. I'm telling you I'm calling back. Hold on. Vlad. I'm going to tell you... Stop. Just let me call them back for a second. What is this? Prank. Prank. What? Prank? Maybe you think distracting you while you're on the phone, you silly, goober, doober. You're.... What yes, I know you had serious calls, and I knew this would be a perfect prank When I get your other phone, I was like all I can do the best the more you're a tweak that was serious I was talking about Vegas, and then we had to go into business, and you know you were annoying me That was not good the thing was so funny I came down when you first were on the phone downstairs, and I put the camera up, and you were not mad But then I came down again. You were there you were in a living room, and I had the camera the first time Yeah, oh my gosh. We didn't even see that Obviously not I would have freaking started laughing Came back good on this one. That's so bogus though. I don't have any more kisses. I give you a million kisses No more kisses today Okay, maybe just one more Yeah, okay, that's that's no more But yeah Marvel Squad if you guys enjoyed today's video make sure to give it a big thumbs up I'm gonna be picking oh my god You guys don't know how heavy my camera every single video She has me hold the camera no matter if my prank or not anyways how many likes we getting on this video 10,000 10k this deserves 11k actually you're right Came back strong so now it's the time we're gonna give our end of the video post notifications shout out shout to thawnday Don hey, thank you so much for having your post notifications on we love you so much And we have to end the video with our question of the day for those who are supportive enough to watch our videos to the end We asked you guys a question that you have to comment down below I didn't think it would question because I don't know we were filming today yet, but I have one Okay, so where do you guys live? Yes, what state what state or country do you guys live in comment it down below for those who are supportive to watch our videos till the end I literally love reading every single comment that I can I know me too But thank you guys so much for tuning into today's prank. You already know Whatever, I'm not even gonna talk. All right. Let's go. Let's see you guys in the next video Peace


for the speed of light, a cloud of dust, and a hearty high old silver, the Lone Ranger. With his great horse Silver and his fateful Indian companion Tonto, the masked rider of the planes fought crime and criminals throughout the western United States. It was he more than any other man who brought law and order to the new territory and the memory of his deeds will remain with us as long as the memory of the early west itself. Now return with us to those thrilling days when adventure lay at the end of every trail. The Lone Ranger rides again. For months there have been rumors of a threatened Indian uprising under the leadership of Chief Little Bear. Major Carson and command of Fort Mason sent Captain Stewart with a large force to find and pacify the rebellious tribesmen. Stewart led his men toward the Cottonwood River country where Little Bear had been last seen and there began his search. It is night as our story opens Captain Stewart, seated at a table on which he has spread a large map, is dismissing one of his men. That will be all for now. See to the guard and then you can retire. Thank you sir. Let's see. Here's where the Cottonwood bends and here's where Little Bear used to have his village. If he's anywhere around he should be... Captain Stewart, what the... I want to talk to you. A masked man. Where's the sentry? Keep your voice down Captain. But I don't... I'm not an outlaw. All I want is some information. You must be an outlaw. You wouldn't come in... Never mind that now. What have you brought these troops here for? That's none of your business. Perhaps I can guess your purpose. Yes? Tonto and I have heard stories about Little Bear. It's been said he may go on the warpath. My guess is that you've been sent here to find him. You seem to be well informed. I came to offer our help. I don't take help from outlaws. You'll need experienced scouts to get on Little Bear's trail and Tonto can read trail signs better than any white man. Tonto, he's my friend Captain, an Indian. You have nothing to lose by accepting our aid. Your offer serious? It is. There's no denying I need all the help available. You do.  He's an experienced troublemaker, Captain. One moment. You said you had a friend by the name of Tonto. I have. Stranger, what's the name of your horse? He's called Silver. Silver. Tonto. Good. I'll take your offer. And if you help us catch Little Bear, you'll have done a service worthy of the Lone Ranger. But Chief Little Bear, informed of Captain Stuart's expedition, had already left the Cottonwood River country and one day appeared at the very walls of distant Fort Mason. The first daring attack of the Indians came perestly close to success. But rallied by Major Carson, the soldiers barricaded the gates and returned a murderous fire upon the savages. Every man was killed. Fire at will! Lieutenant Price reported that the Indian was drawing on his side of the fort, sir. Good. That means the first attack is properly over. Yes, sir. We'll have time to organize our defense. Any orders, Major? None for the President. They are falling back. Excuse me, sir. Lieutenant Price asked me to report back. Wait. Yes, sir. Hello, Lieutenant. I wish to see you in Battalion Quarters. Some and all the officers may develop to a siege. We'd better take counsel now while we have the opportunity. As Major Carson predicted, the Indians, confident of success, stubbornly pressed their advantage. They surrounded the fort and though none of their attacks broke through, they made escape impossible. On the evening of the third day, the Major called Lieutenant Price to his quarters. I did, Lieutenant. Sit down. Yes, sir. There you are. Lieutenant, our situation is serious. I realize that. We can't hold out indefinitely. Chief Little Bear wouldn't have dared attack the fort if he didn't know that half our force is away with Captain Stewart. But how could he have known? That's something I'd like to find out. But never mind that for the present. Our problem is to discover a way to get in touch with the Captain. That won't be easy, sir. But it isn't impossible. And it has to be done. One thing, our supplies are running low. Yes. We have ammunition for a week at most. Our food will probably last as long. And then? And then, Lieutenant, if Captain Stewart doesn't arrive to relieve us, we're through. Have you something in mind, sir? Lieutenant, we'll have to get a messenger through the Indians with orders for Captain Stewart's return. I would take a good man to do that. I've sent for a good man. You have? But I...  At once. As soon as I've given him his orders. That's rather short notice, isn't it? Lieutenant, I have a special reason for this short notice. Aside from the necessity of aid at the earliest possible moment. I'm afraid I don't understand. I think I'm almost certain we have someone in the fort who has been supplying Chief Little Bear with information. But that's impossible. The Indians knew of Captain Stewart's absence. Perhaps. They made their attack at a time when our supplies were low. Only coincidence, sir. But I don't like that kind of coincidence. But surely you don't believe any of our men would sell us out. Such things have happened before. Chief Little Bear would pay well for any information. I can't agree with you. Well, at any rate, I'm sending a messenger before the Indians can learn we plan to make the attempt. I wouldn't advise it, Major. I think... Who is it? Sergeant Morton is here, sir. Send him in. Close the door, Sergeant. Yes, sir. Sergeant, I have a job for you. But it's a volunteer detail. You will not be punished if you don't accept it. That's all right, sir. Someone must get through the Indian lines with a message for Captain Stewart. But there's more than the even chance that whoever makes the attempt won't succeed alive. I can do it, Major, if anybody can. You're willing to try? I sure am. But look, it has to be done, Lieutenant. Sergeant, the captain is somewhere in the Cottonwood River country. Yes, sir. You should have no difficulty getting on his track if you dodge the Indians. I'll find it, Captain, sir. Fine. And when you do, tell him to bring his men by way of buffalo pass. The Indians will expect any reinforcements to come by way of the lower trail. We don't want those men ambushed. Yes, sir. It's dark now. Can you start immediately? Soon as the better. Come. I expected your answer. My orderly should have your horse ready. If you're mounted, you'll stand a better chance of breaking through. Right, sir. I'll come with you, Major. If you wish. I still protest against this action, sir. I believe the sergeant should be given more time for preparation. I've told you why that is impossible, Lieutenant. This is my orderly now. He's ready for you, Sergeant. Is that him at the small gate? Yes. Come on. Major, you don't plan to one bar one of the gates, do you? Of course I do. There's not that much danger. But what? It'll only be for a moment. Orderly. Yes, sir. Sergeant Morton will get mounted. When he says he's ready, you'll open the gate, let him through, then close it at once. Very good, sir. You can still withdraw, you know, Sergeant. If you feel you can't make it. I'll see it through, Major. I'm ready, sir. The gate, orderly. Yes, sir. And, Sergeant, the best of luck. Thank you kindly, sir, but I won't...  Put out that mess, Lieutenant. If that light was seen. I'm sorry, sir. I just wasn't thinking. It seems not. Sergeant, you better be on your way before anything's noticed. I'm going, sir. You know that, boy. Come on. We can only pray you'll make it now. Close the gate, orderly. Yes, sir. Can we be getting back, Major? Wait. But... I want to listen. If there's no alarm then... What was that? I don't know. Listen. Probably just some nervous red skin firing in a shadow, Major. But if it wasn't, Lieutenant. If it wasn't. In the meantime, Captain Stuart, alarmed by his failure to find the sign of the Indians he'd been sent to locate, was undecided what course to pursue. We see him now as he stands outside his tent watching the approach of a lone horseman. I wonder. Yes, it is the mask man. Come on, stay over there. I hope he has news. You found Chief Little Bear? Not a sign of him, Captain. I was afraid of that. It's time to return, yet. He came back an hour ago. He found nothing, either. And I believe there's only one thing you can do, Captain. Yes? Return to the fort. Chief Little Bear isn't in this district. But to return without accomplishing my mission or without orders from Major Carson... The fort itself may be in danger. That's what worries me. Chief Little Bear is clever. Had it been like him to attack the fort in your absence. If there were only some way of knowing... You can't return without orders? Only in case of necessity. The Major made that plane when he sent me out. We were to continue until we found those Indians. I have a suggestion to make, Captain. Yes? I've done all we can for you here. Let's go to the fort and find out the situation. You'd be willing to do that. Of course. But I could send one of my own men. We could make the journey faster. And if the fort is in danger, you'll want to know it as soon as possible. You've already done more than I have a right to ask. Captain, Little Bear's uprising succeeds. The life of every white man for 200 miles a round will be in danger. I know. I'll get out of it once. Steady, Silver. You mean you'll ride now after being in the saddle all day? There's no time to waste, Captain. I can't object. I need your help too badly. You will hear from us as soon as possible. Come on, Silver. The siege of Fort Mason had not been lifted. While ammunition and food ran low, Chief Little Bear's warriors still made a menacing ring around the helpless garrison. Major Carson watched the hostile savages from the stockade and felt there was little hope of rescue. May I have numbers three to one orderly? Captain Stewart may show up yet, sir. There's little hope of it. I've sent three messengers already. Not one got through alive. But still is a change. Orderly. Yes, sir. The Indians are going to attack again. It doesn't look like an attack, sir. What's that? It's a masked man and Indians. Something's happened there. Look, Little Bear's braids are after them. That's not one of the chief's braids with a masked man, Major. He's not in war pain. Lieutenant! Those men are trying to reach the port. Open the gate. Open it, I say. Do you think they'll make it, sir? We'll soon see. Look at those horses they're riding. I don't know who they are, but I'll be blasted if I'll let them get it to Little Bear's. The gate's open. Good. Fire at those red skims. Drive them back. Let that gate close again. Close it before those painted devils close their way in. They're closing it, sir. This way. Sir, sir, but no one... Who may want an explanation? Major, I want good water for our horses. And then you and I will talk. The curtain falls on the first act of our thrilling Lone Ranger drama. Before the next exciting scenes, please permit us to pause for just a few moments. Now to continue our story. After the Lone Ranger and Tato had broken through the Indian lines and entered the fort under fire, the Major took the masked man to his quarters. You say you attempted to go back, but couldn't? We were discovered by the Indian's Major and cut off. We wouldn't have tried to enter the fort if we'd had any choice. I see. Our only chance was to reach here. And now our last chance to get word that Captain Stewart is gone. I think not, Major. But I've sent him through. Shall we get through the lines after dark? It's been tried before and failed. Tried by white men, sir. Tato probably wouldn't be questioned. He would fail too. Then I'll try it. You misunderstand me. What I mean is this. Someone inside the fort is supplying information to those Indians. You're sure of that? I'm not only sure of it, but I strongly suspect one of my officers. You have evidence? Not enough confounded. But I'll stake my life I'm right. Yes? I think I can trust you. The man I mean is Lieutenant Price. Good. What's that? You have one sure way of getting a message to the Captain. What, I've tried it? Lieutenant Price is sold out to Little Bear. His life is safe for the Indians. Of course, but I have him carry the message. You're mad! I have a plan I'm sure will work. I can't send word by the Lieutenant. He'd turn the information over to Little Bear once. I'm counting on that. If I tell Captain Stewart to return by way of either Buffalo Pass or the lower trail, the Indians will ambush him. We'll send the Lieutenant first, then Tato afterwards. But what good would that do? If Lieutenant Price is gone when Tato leaves, there'll be no chance for Price to know that Tato is following him. If you're counting on your friend giving the real message to the Captain is impossible. Yes. Captain Stewart would never take the word of an Indian before that of Lieutenant Price. That isn't my plan. What you don't understand. What you don't understand. I'll explain. And if you agree with my plan, we'll try it. Major Carson listened to the plan of the masked man and agreed that it had a good chance of success. That evening, he spoke to his orderly. Orderly? Yes, sir. Tell Lieutenant Price I wish to see him. Very well, sir. I believe he's just outside. Good.  Right. Come in, Lieutenant. Close the door orderly and wait outside. Yes, sir. What is it, Major? You're making the next attempt to reach Captain Stewart, Lieutenant. Me, sir? It has to be done. And I think you're the man for the job. But why ask? I won't ask the enlisted men to do what their officers refuse. I'm not refusing, sir. I was only thinking that you had decided a man couldn't get through the Indian mines. The others failed. I hope you won't. Yes, sir. You'll start it once. Very well. Come. It's quite dark now. You'd better be on your way before the moon rises. What of my order, sir? Captain Stewart has returned with all speed. Tell him to bring his men by way of Buffalo Pass. Buffalo Pass? I think that's best. Little Bear will probably expect any reinforcements to come by way of the lower trail. I see. It was something I wished to ask you, sir. Yes? Who is this masked man who came to the fort? I'm afraid I can't tell you that, Lieutenant. Here we are. Study there. Study. I'm ready, sir. You understand my orders? I do, sir. And you're not afraid? Of course not, sir. Very well. The gate is open. I... Something tells me you'll get through safely. I feel the same way about it, Major. Get up there. Get up, boy. Close the gate, Major. Yes, do. Traitor. If our lives didn't depend upon it, I'd almost wish those Indians would shoot him by mistake. I understand, sir. It was right here we let a matchman, Sergeant Morton, left the fort. I'm convinced Lieutenant Price used that trick to warn Little Bear. I agree with you. But Tato's waiting, Major. Yes. You're sure that he won't be risking his life? Yes. If he were, I'd prefer to go on his place. Of course, the Lieutenant is gone. There's no one to let Little Bear know Tato is leaving. And Tato can move us silently as any man alive. Come, Major. We'll tell him it's time for him to go. Lieutenant Price rode away from the fort. And when he drew near the Indian lines, he called out softly, identifying himself. A silent Indian stepped forward, led the officer into the presence of Chief Little Bear. Chief? Why you come here? That fool of a Major sent me, Little Bear, on to get in touch with Captain Stewart. Things are going our way. A few more days, and I should collect the rest of that 1,000 in gold, you promised me. Maybe, soldier, hold out plenty long time. Not much longer. I've got food and ammunition for only about three days. That heat good. But that isn't the best of it, Little Bear. I'm to tell Stewart to bring his men through Buffalo Pass. Chief, you wait for Stewart at the pass, and you can wipe them out to the last man.  Chief Little Bear can do. Fine.  Major, him think you crook? He's a Major. He hasn't any idea that I'm on your side. And if he did, he couldn't prove it. And when I found Stewart, I'll pretend to be ill or something of the sort, so I'll not have to return with him. And then there'll be no danger for me when you attack. Better you go now. Right, Little Bear. The sooner I find the Captain, the sooner this business will be finished. Here, boy. Don't forget about that 1,000, Chief. I can use it. Chief Little Bear, never forget. Good.   Captain Stewart waited anxiously for word from either the masked man or his superior Major Carson. We see him now more than a day later, speaking to one of his men. I can't understand it. The masked man should have been back before this. Sharks, I wouldn't worry about that if I was you, Captain. Him and the engine can handle themselves all right, I reckon. We don't dare return to the fort unless we receive word. Orders is orders. But sometimes, it ain't a bad notion to forget about them. I've been thinking that same thing. But still, I... See, ain't that somebody riding this way now? Aye. It is. Looks like he's wearing a uniform, too. Wait. Isn't that Lieutenant Price? That's him all right. Lieutenant. Captain Stewart. Oh, oh, oh. You've been riding hard. I have, sir. There's bad news. Chief Little Bear has surrounded the fort. The Major's son's orders for you to return as speedily as he can. The fort's in danger? It is. I was just scared of that, Captain. Lieutenant, did you see anything of a masked man and an Indian before you left? Yes. You know them? There. They're unharmed. Quite. And I can't understand why they didn't come back here. There was no need for them to enter the fort once they discovered the situation. Little Bear had them cut off before they knew it, sir. They had no choice but to ride for the fort. I'm glad to hear it. I couldn't believe they wouldn't have returned if it was possible. You'll order your men out? At once. Sims, tell the bugler to sound assembly. Sure thing, Captain. Well, there's one more thing, sir. Yes? You're to return through Buffalo Pass. Those are Major Carson's orders also. Why did he? He suspects that the Indians may be watching for you by the lower trail. Very well. Who's that? That horse. It's Tonto. The Indian with a masked man. That's the one. But what's he doing here? We'll soon find out. And in the meantime, we'll be getting started. At Fort Mason, the Indians had kept up a scattered fire designed to tempt the soldiers into wasting their ammunition. Major Carson, however, had given the command to fire only in case of necessity. The lack of food inside the fort's walls was the greatest problem. The men had been put on half rations, and already they are beginning to feel the pinch of starvation. We see the Major and the Lone Ranger as they ride slowly within the boundaries of the stockade on a tour of inspection. The men are looking tired, Major. They are. If help doesn't arrive soon... Don't give up hope, sir. Captain Stewart should have been here by now. I didn't look for them this soon. If reinforcements don't come, it'll prove I've made a serious mistake in judgment. Yes. I may have sent Lieutenant Price to his death also. You're worried only because the strain of waiting has been hard on you.  I suppose so. The Indians are firing again, but we won't reply unless it's necessary. But wait, who's over here? What is it? Those shots weren't fired at the force, but I thought it. They're firing at something beyond that hill? By heavens, I think you're right. Orderly! Yes, Major? Can you see what's beyond that hill? I'll find out, sir. It won't be necessary, Major. Listen, cavalry! Captain Stewart! It is Captain Stewart, sir. Major, we should leave the fort and attack. Attack? There's no better time. While Captain Stewart engages in from the other side, we'll attack from this. It might work. We'll give them no time to resist. Orderly! I want them assembled here ready to charge in five minutes. Yes, sir. We're going to strike and strike hard! The men were assembled, given their orders and told of the plan of attack. Meanwhile, the sound of battle outside increased as Captain Stewart led his men forward. Major Carson shouted a command. The gates were thrown open, with the masked man heading to charge, the troopers raced forward. Forward! Attacked from both sides, the Indians fell back in confusion. With the most of the brave's absent at Buffalo Pass, the remainder could put up a little opposition. At the end of 40 minutes of hard fighting, the Indians began to throw down their arms. Their surrendering made do! Inspiring! Oh, Silver!  Major, we should leave the captain to the rest of the tribe. They're in Buffalo Pass, waiting for Captain Stewart. They'll not expect you. Right. Captain Stewart! We got you in time, Major. Whoa. Captain, thanks to the mask, man. You follow the major's instructions, Captain? Exactly. Lieutenant Price still doesn't know why I disobeyed the orders he gave me. He's coming now. He's going to report me to you, Major, for insubordination. Oh, the boy! Major! Captain Stewart absolutely refused to come by way of Buffalo Pass as you ordered me. One moment, Lieutenant. Those weren't my orders. But that's... And you're under arrest. Arrest! You can't do that to me. But I can. You were the only messenger, aside from Tatu, who got through Little Bear's lines. And only through you could Little Bear have received the information that took him to Buffalo Pass. How? Lieutenant, I gave you verbal orders for Captain Stewart. But you didn't know that I'd written other orders for the Captain which the Masked Man concealed in the flap of your saddle. You what? Is that where you found them, Captain? When Tatu arrived, he told me where to look. I sent the Lieutenant on an errand and took the letter while he was gone. Lieutenant, you tried to sell us out. But the Masked Man tricked you into carrying the orders yourself and spoiled your scheme. That isn't true! It isn't! That's something we'll find out soon enough. We're attacking Little Bear at Buffalo Pass. And, Lieutenant, when Little Bear learns that it was you who brought Captain Stewart by the lower trail, I think you'll tell us all we need to know. I know! The story you have just heard is a copyrighted feature of the Lone Ranger Incorporated.


Hello, I am Dr. Siddish Kumar Kashi, Professor in Civil Engineering, Valchan Institute of Technology, Sulapu. I am presenting a topic geotechnical design of a trapezoidal combined footing. Learning outcomes of the session. At the end of the session, students will be able to describe trapezoidal combined footing. They will be able to state the situations in which trapezoidal combined footing is adopted and they will be able to design the shape and size of trapezoidal combined footing depending upon load and safe bearing capacity of the soil. Let us see here combined footings. Combined footings can be rectangular combined footing or trapezoidal combined footing. This is a 3D view. This is a plan for a rectangular combined footing. This is a 3D view and this is a plan of a trapezoidal combined footing. Combined footings we provide when two columns are quite close together and which may cause overlap if isolated footings are designed. Combined footings are also adopted when soil bearing capacity is low and which may cause overlap of adjacent isolated footings if designed. Then there is a proximity of building line or existing building or sewer adjusting to building column. In such cases also we need to adopt combined footing. If a rectangular combined footing cannot provide assumed uniform contact pressure, we go for trapezoidal combined footing. Also if the column carrying much larger load has too limited space for split footing then also we may go for trapezoidal combined footing. In such case the resultant of all column loads including moments will be much closer to the heavier column. Now let us see a typical trapezoidal combined footing. The footing has trapezoidal shape with smaller side B1, longer side B2. Length of the footing is L, this is column C1, this is column C2. The distance in between centers of column we call it as L dash. This is a point which is centroid of a trapezoidal combined footing at distance x dash from C2 and it is at the sense x bar from the side B2. Now here this is a special type of trapezoidal footing with both columns are facing with the boundary. Resultant of two forces carried by column C1 and column 2 will ultimately drop here at the centroid. Let us discuss the design steps. Design steps for proportioning the column footing. Firstly locate the point of application of column loads on the trapezoidal footing. Then proportion the footing in such a way that the resultant of loads passes through centroid of trapezoidal footing and then compute the area of footing depending upon allowable soil pressures. Now let us see how we proportion the trapezoidal footing. So let B1 be small side, B2 be long side of this trapezoidal footing, L is the length as shown in this way. So as it is a trapezoid we know area of trapezoidal is given by A is equal to B1 plus B2 divided by 2 that is average of these two sides multiplied by L. One more formula is for the x dash, x dash it means this distance x dash. The centroid of a trapezoid lies at distance x dash from the side B2. It is going to lie on this L by 3 plus 2 times B1 this B1 plus B2 divided by B1 plus B2. It means here we have established the position of centroid by this formula. Now how to proportion the footing? In order to obtain uniform contact pressure the location of centroid of footing must be adjusted to agree with the location of resultant load. The resultant load means the resultant of loads coming on column 1 and column 2. Using known values of the base area A and L one can decide sides B1 and B2. Let us see this by example a trapezoidal footing is to be provided to support two square columns of size column C1 0.5 meter by 0.5 meter, column C2 0.3 meter by 0.3 meter. The columns are 6 meter apart face to face. The safe bearing capacity is 400 kilo Newton per square meter.  These two loads include the dead loads. Then you are asked to design a suitable size of trapezoidal footing so that footing does not extend beyond columns touching the boundary line. We are given that safe bearing capacity of soil is 400 kilo Newton per square meter and column faces are to match with the boundary. Hence length L of footing would be 6.4 plus 0.5 by 2 plus 0.3 by 2 half the width of heavy column and this is half the width of the lighter column it means carrying lighter loads so that is 6.8 meter. Now we have formula safe bearing capacity is equal to working load divided by area of footing two columns are carrying working load of 5000 plus 3000 that is 8000. So this 8000 divided by area of footing is equal to the safe bearing capacity. So when we solve this we get the area of footing as 20 square meter. Now we also know that the formula for area of footing as it is trapezoidal it is side b1 plus side b2 divided by 2 into length of footing that is 20 meter. Length is 6.8 meter as it is restricted by the position of columns. So keeping this L here we get b1 plus b2 as 5.882 meter this is equation one. Let us go for another equation which is given by the moments of forces about center of one of the columns. We know that magnitude of resultant force is 5000 plus 3000 that is 8000 kilo Newton. So resultant force is 8000 kilo Newton finding line of action of the resultant load or resultant force. We know that the algebraic sum of moments of these two column forces has to be matched with the moment of resultant force. So 3000 into 6.4 that is the moment of one of the forces plus 5000 into 0 the lever arm is 0 because the force passes through the same point about which we are taking the moments. So resultant into x dash is equal to this quantity after solving we get x dash as 2.4 meter. So when x dash is 2.4 meter means this is x dash that is 2.4 meter in which you need to add this much that is 0.5 by 2. So when we multiply it by say 0.5 multiplied by 0.5 that is 0.5 by 2 that is 0.25. So 2.4 plus 0.25 we get x bar is equal to 2.65. So x bar is 2.65 meter it shall also match with the centroid of trapezoidal footing hence x bar that is equal to 2.65 that is also equal to L by 3 into b1 plus 2 b2 divided by b1 plus b2 it means this formula of locating a centroid of a trapezoidal footing. So putting these values one relation we get in terms of b1 b2. So b1 plus 2 b2 divided by b1 plus b2 we get 1.169 we also had a equation b1 plus b2 is equal to 5.882. So we solve these two equations and ultimately we get b1 is equal to 4.889 meter and b2 is equal to 0.994 meter and length L of footing is 6.8 meter. So these values can be observed in the design footing in this way. So b1 is 4.89 meter b1 is 4.89 meter this is b2 that is 0.99 meter and the length of footing is 6.8 meter. Now here we will find this is a centroid of trapezoidal footing and just now we have seen that resultant of forces passing through center of this column and center of this column passes through centroid of this trapezoidal footing and hence it will give uniform pressure on this trapezoidal footing. Let us take some questions if the resultant of the soil pressure coincides with the resultant of the loads the soil pressure is assumed to be number 1 non-uniformly distributed, uniformly distributed 0 or none of the mentioned answer is uniformly distributed. Then two column loads are unequal, which of the following footing can be provided? Option 1 is trap footing, option 2 is rap footing, option 3 is trapezoidal combined footing and option 4 is mat footing and hence obvious trapezoidal combined footing. Third question for a trapezoidal combined footing x bar is given by l by 2 or in this case say l by 3 is less than x bar and that is less than l by 2, x bar is equal to l by 3 none of the mentioned answer l by 3 will be less than x bar and x bar will be again less than l by 2. These are the references which are used for drafting this presentation. Thank you.