Hey everybody, Matt here for Layton Sports Cards, ripping 2021-22 Panini Spectra basketball. This is 8 box, full case number one, pick your team. We have Brian T. Hawks, Brian J. Wizards, BN Sons, Chad M. He, Cheng Zi, Rockets, Cheng S. Hornets, Chris M. Cavs, Frank L. Warriors, Henrik J. Bulls, K Chang, Spurs, Ken W. Nuggets, K Kim, Pelicans, Marius S. Magic, Martin R. Nicks, Matt S. Bucks, Michael P. Grizzlies, Michael L. Clippers, Radupon W. Thunder, Robert P. Blazers, Ryan C. Mavericks, Sean M. Raptors, Sean H. Lakers, Stephen J. T. Wolves, Stephen S. Pistons, Tim D. Pacers, T. Ying, Jazz, Von B. Celtics, Wayne S. Sixers, Wai Zou, Kings, and Zoko B. Nets. All right, here we go. Good luck. Let's have some fun. Let's see some big hits. Morning, Jeffrey. How you doing? Spectra basketball. It's been a hot minute since I've pulled a logo man, an NBA logo man. Here we go. Steph on the cover. I haven't seen the new case yet, but I think interstellar. I'm not, Victor. I'm actually just doing the spectra and certified race today. Force is on vacation, so it just kind of worked out that way. Sam will be ripping tonight. First up, we have Paul George, Anthony Davis. This is Rookie, Otto, Green Scope, Charles Bassey. There you go. Sixers, that is 29 of 50. Beautiful cards. They got the marker to match though. Yeah, they do that in spectra a lot. That's cool. Yeah, I like that. I love color matching. And Anthony Davis, that is Astrol, I guess 35. There you go, Lakers. There's Mike Conley, Rookie, Joe Weisskamp. And this is Cavs to 99. Retrospect, Otto, Ricky Davis. There you go, Cleveland. There's Tyler Harrow. Silver. And we have Clay Thompson. Luca, spectacular debut. What's up, Brian? And this is Nets to 75. That's Rookie, Jersey Otto, Cameron Thomas. The 75th Diamond Anniversary logo in the background. That's an awesome looking card. 36 of 75 on that. Pretty decent looking signature too. And this is to 49. Interstellar, Russell Westbrook, Lakers. Yeah, Lakers doing well so far with the AD and the Westbrook. This is Ogy Ananobi, straight out of Jeff City. And Davion Mitchell, Rookie. All right, kicking it off right here. Hawks. One more. Nebula, Rookie, Logo Man, Patch, Otto. Jalen Johnson. Atlanta Hawks, congrats. Holy cow. First box. First box of spectra. I am good at breaking. Rich ought to come in. That's sick. Look at that card. Look at this 75th anniversary logo, man. That is so nasty. Wow. Is this a break one? First box. Uno box. This is box one. Box one. 698 there said he was going to forfeit his mod if I pulled a Logo Man in the first box. That's all right. You remain modded. You remain modded. Unbelievable. He said that. He said if you pull a 101, you're going to unmod me. There's Jalen Green. That is Rookie to 99. That is Celestial. Nice one rockets. Unbelievable. What a first box. Box freaking one. Unbelievable. For NBA, I am a Logo Man repellent. So to pull one in the first box really takes away it off my shoulders. Wow.  Yeah, that would be the biggest. Well, I'm saying on a normal day, this had been breaking Brad. So the Logo Man machine had to get, somebody had to pick up where Brad left off. That was fun. Hey, let's do that again. This would have been a Brad case. All right.  Now we're expecting one every single box. If I don't pull one in this box, I'm done. Actually, I better not say that because if I pull one, so Damien Lillard and rookie Scotty Barnes. Raptors. Blake's the good luck charm. We'll take it. We'll take it. I've been a little hot lately. This is Rockets to 99. Rookie Otto, Alperin, Shingoon. Shingoon is pretty cool. Yeah, he's actually very good too. There you go, Houston. It's nice to see ink of his. Yeah. He had like face rookies and a couple of products and how is it? Yep. Jamie Butler. That's the 99. 698 called it. Logo Man first box. He did say it. Yeah, actually. That's awesome. Rookie Cameron Thomas and Wizards to 99. That's Rookie Otto, Corey Kispert. Kispert can ball. Yeah. You go Washington. He's just in Washington. This is so nice. 75th anniversary. Rudy Gobert. Jazz. That's a cool design. I like that. Yeah, it is. These are not numbered, but these are beautiful cards. Yeah, that's nice. All right. We'll pick up the pace a little bit as we go. This is our first look at Spectra, so pick our sweet time. Is that, so is this an SP version? Din Whitty and Allen Iverson's Spectra. Yeah, it's like the second non-base. Yeah. It's like a silver almost. Okay. Yeah. Yeah, I like that. Yeah. And Sixers to 75. Rookie Jersey Otto. Charles Bassey. Yeah, look at these Rookie Jersey autos have the 75th too. Oh, nice. I like that. You go Sixers. Jalen Brunson. Again, that was interstellar to 49. That's interstellar. Sold out. Number four. Number four is sold out. Break spots coming in hot today. Yeah, they are. Spectra, if you want it on Spectra, PYTs are only maybe a couple spots left for the day. There are more listed for this weekend though. Yeah, more tonight with Sam, more through the weekend. And we do have certified football divisionals with spots left. First one sold out. And then we had, I think, seven and five left in the second and third. There's Zeus Mangoruba Rookie. And this is Lakers to 49. Nice. Otto Kendrick Nunn. I like that. What is that? Just ice or is that a color ice? I think actually the one, what was the ice one earlier? So I think it was a parallel that's laid on top of like a color or is it just ice? Yeah, I think ice is the parallel. So this is to 49. Yeah. Yeah, the uh, it's probably, I think it was Astral. It was number 35. Yeah. I had the cracked ice look. Interesting. That's Laurie Markinen, like for the base cards. Silver. Spectra sold out guys. Yep. Spectra's gone for the day. Grab your spots. If you want it on some Spectra, grab your spots with Sam tonight. He's going to have all four new releases, all four of today's new releases. Spectra basketball certified football, luminaries baseball and three and two baseball. Yeah. It's a fun day. Big day. It's a fun day. Did you see Sunday's breaks? No. You should take a peek. You gotta see the Star Wars. There's a baseball mixer, a basketball mixer and a football mixer. Rookie Corey, same thing. Like big, there's big, there's three big mixers seen down Sunday. That's Hornets to 99. Rookie Jersey Auto, Kai Jones. Such cool looking cards. Cards. Yeah. It's like a Polestar. Whoa. There's Jaden Springer, Rookie. That is 19 of 25. Meta, parallel. Meta. Spectra's got to call it something special. Sixers doing well. The color in this product. Yeah. Crazy. That's my favorite part about this color. There's Darius Garland. Jamerant. This is to 25 Warriors. That is Auto Juan Toscano Anderson. I don't think, have I seen his auto before? I don't think I've pulled one. Toscano. This is Rookie Silver Jalen Green Rockets. Nice. That's pretty. There you go, Houston. So again, we're going through these pretty slowly here for this first break. We'll pick it up just a little bit as we go. We have 30 minutes of case here on the schedule. There's Jalen Brown, Rookie Isaiah Jackson and Rockets to 99. Rookie Jersey Auto Jalen Green. Bingo. There you go. Congrats, Houston. We need to keep Rich out of here. We need to tell him K Cunningham, Rookie to 99 Celestial. Nice. That's 86 of 99 Pistons. Damn. What a box. What a box. Gee whiz. Which one? Both probably, right? Both, yeah. This is the first case here. There's Kevin Porter Jr. Ant-Man debut. 55 probably for the, yeah. And Celtics to 49. Icons, Otto, Robert Parrish. Oh, that's sick. I was like one of my dad's favorites. Yeah. Yeah. Like one of the lesser ones. RJ Barrett, 75th. Just certain players, I think. I think something good in here. They welded the pack shut. I always think that. It's Alex Caruso. Keon Johnson, Rookie. This is Kings to 15 Otto De'Aaron Fox. Nice one, Kings. That's Jock Landale. Rookie to 25 Meta. Spurs. I can't believe case one, box one. No, no, no, no. Shakeil just Alexander. Zion. This is to 35 Thunder. Rookie Otto Trayman. Yeah, you did call it. There's Jimmy Butler, 75th. Luca. Josh Giddy, Rookie. Thunder. This is Spurs to 149. Rookie Jersey Otto. Joe Weisskamp. Here goes Spurs. It's Porzingis. Wizards. Chris Boots. Celestial. Martin Rosen. Ray Allen. He got a game. Hornets to 49. That is illustrious legends. Otto Del Curry. I call him a legend. His son's a legend. Here's to Martin Rosen, Silver. What type of player was Del Curry after he actually had no idea? I mean, I follow basketball pretty closely back then, and he was unremarkable.  Steven Adams. Jonathan Kominga, Rookie. You know, warriors. This is Bulls to 99 Icons. Otto Luke Longley. Evan Mobley. Rookie Celestial to 99 Cavs. There you go, Cleveland. One of 99. Yeah, Mobley book in there. We'll bag that one for you. I prefer the one book end over the 99. You know, like the end? Yeah. I prefer the one over the last one. Bradley Beale. Trey Murphy. Rookie. And this is to 99. Otto Teo Maldon. Is it Maldon? Teo Maldon, yeah. There you go. Thunder. Silver Kawai. Chris Paul. Kevin Durant. As a Sonic there. Spectacular debut. And Raptors to 99. Rookie Otto. Scotty Barnes. These things are hitting fully count. Nice hit, Raptors. I need them, too. That is Rookie Universal die cut to eight Bones Highlands nuggets. Finger loaded. That is four of eight. One off the jersey number. Congrats, Denver. Those are awesome looking. Out of mags today. It's Julius Randall, Jalen Johnson, Rookie. And Warriors to 49. That is Catalyst Otto James Wiseman. There you go, Warriors. This is Rookie 75th, Corey Kisper. All right, three boxes to go. If you get behind on top loading up, if you just focus on the big ones, just the hits, and then you can catch up with the parallels after. I did buy this case. I bought this case for myself. I didn't say that at the beginning. Personal case for Magic Matt. Now this is case one. There's Kyle Lowry, Rookie Kessler Edwards, and Nix to 75. Retrospect Otto Larry Johnson. You go, Nix. That is Lamello Ball, Celestial to 99. It's 22 of 99. Double jersey number, eBay 101. He changed to number one. Oh, did he? Used to be. Used to be a jersey number. Joel Embiid, Zach Levine, and to 49, Nets. That is Otto Nicholas Claxton. Isn't that the worst nickname in the history of sports? Grandma Ma. There's Montrez Harrell. Larry Johnson. All right. I think we have a redemption coming. There's Steven Adams and Franz Wagner. That should be big. Redemption. Oh my, jeez. No way. Rookie, dual patch autographs, gold, Cade Cunningham, and Jalen Green. Geez. That is a monster. On card, too. Yeah. Pistons, rockets. I'm just verifying that Pistons, rockets, making sure the same person doesn't have them. Nope. All right. We're not going to random this. We are going to Lamell reach out to the owners of the Pistons and rockets. Yeah, he'll email later today to see if you all want to random this. If you want to once to buy out the other one, or if you want to sell it on eBay and divide the profits. So we'll give you all the option instead of taking a huge card like this and randoming it. There it is. And Chris Paul. That is to 25. That is meta. So yeah, we won't random that. Bradley Beal, Trey Young. This is Grizzlies to 75. In the zone auto, Jaron Jackson Jr. The Logo Man, it's Jalen Johnson. The biggest hit of this case easily is the Cade Jalen. Yeah, for sure. There's Moses Moody, rookie 75th. I'm going to have to stop pulling so much fire. They're going to make LSE Base or LSE basketball breaks and put me over there. It's Blake, man. He was top loading on the impeccable WWE release day two. And he was here tabling when we pulled the Mbatha. Yeah. There's a Demarda Rosen and Ray Allen. This is to 49. This is T-Wolves and Celtics full spectrum auto Kevin Garnett. It's both. So that has both team logos on the back. This one will be random between the T-Wolves and Celtics. I'm just going to verify that that's not the same person. T-Wolves and Celtics will random this one at the end. And there's Oprin Shangoon. That is rookie Astral to 35. Yeah, that's a lot to top load. It's Jalen Brown and rookie Luca Garza. This is Lakers to 75. Rookie Jersey Otto Austin Reeves. Awesome, Patrick. Good luck. Appreciate it. Good luck. RJ Barrett, 75th. There's Kevin Porter Jr. Jalen Green rookie. And here's another one. This is Nets and Cavs to 99. Full spectrum auto Keras Lever. Six of 99. There's Davion Mitchell. Rookie Interstellar. I'm sorry, Celestial to 99. There's Garland, Zair Williams, Rookie. This is Bulls to 25. illustrious legends Otto Steve Kerr. Yeah, I don't know. Setting the bar high here on case one. There's Isaiah Jackson, Rookie Silver. Random that at the end. So much good stuff. All right, there's the garnet. We'll have two randoms at the end here. Oh, thanks. I'm from Missouri, but no, definitely a Cardinal fan. Sabonis Dennis Rodman has a piston. This is Rockets to 50. That's rookie Otto Josh Christopher. And Tobias Harris, 75th. It's Kemba Walker. Delano Banton, Rookie. And Lakers to 99. That's Catalyst Otto Malik Monk. This is Gordon Hayward. That is 49. Interstellar. Let's see, huge Ant-Man. All right, let's see one. Always started off the case with the logo man RPA. Let's close it out with something huge. Clemelo, Steph Curry. And this is Pistons. That is Otto, Rookie Otto, Private Signings. That is Sadiq Bay. It's Jonathan Camingo, Rookie Silver behind it. All right, one pack to go. All right. Jaren Jackson Jr. Zaire Williams, Rookie. And Lakers to 49. Illustrious Legends Otto Jerry West. So he started off with the logo man. We'll close it with the logo man. There you go, Lakers. Tobias Harris on the bag. That is to 99 Celestial. All right. Well, can't start off much better than that. Let's recap. Yeah, actually, let's do the randoms and then we'll recap. If not, I'll end up with two videos. Spectre number one, T-Wolf Celtics. Netscavs for Karis Lavert. All right, so here we go. Once again, we're going to do two randoms. We have Karis Lavert, Netscavs, and Kevin Garnett. That's T-Wolf Celtics. Overroll the dice. We will randomize each of those four and two six times. All right, here we go. Garnett. Oh, we don't want to roll dice. We already rolled the dice six times. One, two, three, four, five, six. Celtics. Celtics get the Kevin Garnett and six times for the Karis Lavert. One, two, three, four, five, six. Cavs. Get the Lavert. All right, let's recap. So we had Karis Lavert, Full Spectrum Auto. That went Cavs in the random. We had Kevin Garnett, Full Spectrum Auto, T-Wolf Celtics. That went Celtics in the random. We'll mag that Garnett. Yeah, sorry about that. Jerry West, illustrious legends, Auto Lakers. We had Lakers Auto, Malik Monk, Grizzlies Auto, Jaren Jackson Jr., Kings, Auto Deer and Fox. That was to 15. We had Nets Auto, Nicholas Claxton, Pistons Auto, Sadiq Bay, Rookie Auto. Hey, what's up, Stephen? Oh, that's awesome. Congrats. It's Nick's Auto, Larry Johnson, Rockets Rookie Auto, Josh Christopher. That was a green to 50. We had Thunder, Tail Mildown Auto. All right, Bulls Auto, Steve Kerr, Lakers, Rookie Jersey Auto, Austin Reeves, Warriors, Auto James Wiseman, Bulls Auto, Luke Longley, Hornets Auto, Del Curry, Celtics Auto, Robert Parrish, Thunder, Rookie Auto, Trey Mann. That was purple to 35. We had Nick's Auto, Juan Toscano Anderson, that was to 25. Hornets Rookie Jersey Auto, Kai Jones, that's to 99. Lakers, Auto Kendrick Nunn, Sixers Rookie Jersey Auto, Charles Bassey to 75. Wizards Rookie Auto, Corey Kispert, Rockets Rookie Auto, Alperin Shangoon, at Sixers, Rookie Auto Green, Charles Bassey to 50. Nets Rookie Jersey Auto, Cameron Thomas to 75. That's Cavs, Retrospect Auto, Ricky Davis to 99. And look at all these mags. Lane will be reaching out to you via email. Stephen, there's Pistons, Rookie to 99, Cade Cunningham, Cavs, Rookie to 99, Evan Mobley, this was Nuggets, Rookie Dye Cut, that's Universal Dye Cut to 8, Bones Highland, Raptors, Aspiring Rookie Auto, Scotty Barnes, Rockets, Rookie Jersey Auto to 99, Jalen Green, and the two big ones here. We'll show this one first since it's a redemption. That is Rookie Dual Patch Autographs Gold, Cade Cunningham and Jalen Green, that was Pistons, Rockets. Lane is going to be in touch with both of you via email later today to see what you'd like to do with this card. Good luck to both of you on that monster. And Hawks, that is one of one. Nebula Rookie Logo Man Patch Auto, Jalen Johnson. What a great way to start off the day. Thanks everybody, appreciate it, we have Case 2 up next.


We've covered a bunch of ways nuts may cut heart disease risk, boosting nitric oxide production in our arteries because of the arginine content in nuts, cutting down on risk of sudden cardiac death because of the magnesium content, and lowering the risk of our bad cholesterol because of why exactly? How do nuts lower our cholesterol? What are the potential mechanisms? This is where it gets a little complicated, and these may be the various nutrients responsible for bad cholesterol reduction. Let me just touch on two first fiber than phytosterols. What's flowing through our intestines right now is going to end up as waste. That's the default unless any bits can be absorbed. We can imagine our enterocytes, the cells lining our intestinal wall, as a vast array of trash pickers, resource recovery workers. They're sifting through the river of potential garbage flowing past and picking up anything of use— a vitamin here, a mineral there. Such that by the end, there really isn't much left that's desirable and truly gets dumped. So our gut also acts as our body's disposal system. Anything that wants to get rid of it throws down the trash chute like excess cholesterol. Cholesterol plays a vital role in the body, and that's why our liver makes as much as we need. But if our liver feels there's too much cholesterol circulating around, it dumps the excess into the gut to get rid of it. Knowing full well, they'll begin ever-flowing torrent to flush it out to sea. We did, after all of all, for millions of years on a plant-based diet like our great ape ancestors. And so we weren't designed for burgers and milkshakes, we were designed for fiber, and lots of it— 100 grams a day or more. A massive, quick-flowing stream. And so when our body throws some cholesterol down the trash chute, it knows it's going to zip right out. But what if our river dries up? Just a slow, trickle of sludge because we're not eating enough whole plant foods. We still have the same number of trash pickers, but the volume and speed of the flow is weighed down on a fiber-deficient diet. So they're finding all sorts of stuff that otherwise would have been lost. So they're picking back up estrogen that our body dumps cholesterol and putting it back into our system.  Fiber bulks up the flow, speeds it up, and dilutes everything. So lots of stuff may never even make it to the banks of the intestinal river to be picked up and inappropriately saved.


A sports former Golden Eagle star, Ojiwokonko, has been banned from football for four years. A 24-year-old was banned from the sport for an extended duration by the World Football Governing Buddy FIFA. The ban on Okonko is as a result of a doping violation discovered by the Italian national anti-doping tribunal. George Even Palacio, chairperson of the FIFA Disciplinary Committee, confirmed the ban on Okonko in a statement put out by the Nigerian Football Federation. The four-year ban is in effect from February 25, 2022 until February 24, 2026. Okonko, along with Nepalese Victor Osemen and Velaryu Samochukes, they were part of the Golden Eagle team that won the 2015-17 World Cup. And that's the news update. For more stories, please follow us on our Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. And do subscribe to our YouTube channel, the Plus TV African, Plus TV African Lifestyle. You can also view us from Limex and www.limex.tv. There's a lot of TV apps anywhere in the world. I am Olamide Adeyemi, and thanks for watching.


It is 1977 and a new condo apartment building is complete. The completion is bittersweet. Money has been made by selling the condos off, but the development's history is of a bloody one. Just four years earlier it had been the site of a terrible collapse, due to a staple of this channel. You guessed it, terrible concrete pouring practices. So you may be shocked that this disaster did not unfold in the state of Florida, but instead Virginia. Regardless of the lack of Florida, the disaster is ever so familiar. Today we are looking at the Skyline Plaza disaster. My name is John and welcome to Plainly Difficult. An airport. So our story begins with the Washington, Virginia airport, the site in the area known as Bailey's Crossroads. Which opened its runway to aircraft in 1947. It was mainly used for general aviation, that is, non-commercial civilian use. The airport would be quickly enveloped by the urbanization in the area at the time. And due to the usually private in nature flights and thus less shall we say experienced pilots, complaints of low flying aircraft and near misses would be a regular thing at the site. The airport by the 1960s was almost completely surrounded by commercial and residential properties, which began causing problems for safety. The land had become rather valuable as well. This would be the final nail in the small airport's coffin. The site would be sold off in 1969 to a real estate developer by the name of Charles East Smith companies. The airport would then close its doors to aircraft on the 18th of October 1970. So at the site now in the hands of the developer a $200 million complex of residential office and retail spaces as well as an underground car park was planned. The site would gain the name the Skyline Centre or Plaza. With work starting in 1971, by 1973 the project was well underway with two apartment blocks completed and another two being under construction. All of the planned apartments had been sold off at prices varying between $23 and $62,000 depending on the size and view available of the Potomac River. The buildings were of reinforced concrete style on flat plates on top of a 4 foot foundation. They were a column and slab style building. The columns varied in size and thickness throughout the building but the general layouts stayed the same from level to level. The towers were to be 26 stories high and have a penthouse as well as a 4 story basement. Now these types of buildings are great for construction timings as they can be built pretty quickly. This is because you can start pouring concrete floors whilst others are still being set. Wooden formwork is used to create the shape of each pouring over its rebar. Each floor was poured in four sections allowing the climb to the top floor being able to be done in just a matter of months. After enough time has passed reshaws are added to support the floor above. These help the fresh floors spread out the weight throughout the rest of the structure. The architects plans required the reshaws and formwork to stay in place until at least two more floors are being constructed above it. This understandably can slow down the construction but for good reason. You know as concrete does take a while to set even when it seems like it has it can still take a while for it to be able to support its weight and more weight put on top of it. The building work also made use of cranes one of which was a climbing crane which was placed on the top of the building as it slowly made its way to the top floor. So construction was apparently going well as the 24th floor at one of the skyline plazas residential buildings was being poured. And this was on the 3rd of March 1973, a disaster. It is the morning of the 3rd of March 1973 and parts of the 25th and 24th floors of one of the skyline plaza towers are being prepared for concrete pouring. Formwork and reshawing is in place from the 23rd floor and above. Some of the reshaws used on site had been damaged in previous concrete pours. This had actually caused some cracks in some of the concrete that could be seen by workers. The formwork and reshaws were being stripped from the 22nd floor. One set of reshaws remained on the 21st floor at the same time. The building was a hive of activity with workers on almost every level. By lunchtime more reshaws and formwork was being stripped from the 22nd floor as work began on the 24th floor. Some workers observed slab deflections of approximately 150 to 600mm or 6 inches to 2ft on the 23rd and 24th floor. This was hinting that the concrete wasn't actually stable enough for the reshaws to be removed, but this didn't stop it from happening. More formwork reshaws and bracing removed at roughly 2.30pm at the same time the building began to groan, followed by a sudden collapse of a significant portion of the structure. The climbing crane on top of the building also fell and crashed into the ground. The collapse created a gap of around 60ft or 18m in the building from top to bottom, essentially splitting it into two separate structures. The section that fell crashed into the parking garage below, and that also failed. The disaster then spread across the garage, but luckily it stopped at the next building in the Skyline Plaza Centre as it wasn't structurally attached to the previous two. A policeman, who was near the site at the time, saw the collapse. Luckily enough he called in what he saw and emergency workers were dispatched to the building site pretty quickly. During the collapse between 200 and 300 workers were working around the building when it collapsed. Rescue workers would upon arriving on site begin digging to try and rescue those who were trapped. Six would be found dead pretty quickly with another 14 reported missing, but over the coming days more of the missing would be added to the death towel. In total 14 would be reported dead, with another 34 seriously injured. The same day as the disaster, an investigation was launched by OSHA, eventually bringing in the National Bureau of Standards into the investigation mix. The investigation. Initially it was thought that the crane was the cause of the disaster, but this wouldn't be the case. It was more to do with the way they were pouring concrete and reshoring was undertaken. The site developers decided to tear down the eastern section of the building almost immediately after the disaster. Stopping investigators gaining access to the site until the 5th of March. Surviving workers were interviewed. This brought to light the slab deflection and samples of the concrete was taken. Inspection of the building and its surviving sections hinted at a cause of the disaster being at least at the top of the tower. The tower was nothing out of the ordinary in design. There wasn't really any shortcomings with the plans. Two other towers on site have been successfully constructed with a similar layout and design after all. This would point more to the method of construction rather than architectural choice. Investigators zeroed in on the early removal of formwork and reshores to be the most likely cause, as it created a punching shear failure in which the newly poured concrete couldn't support the weight placed on it. After the 23rd and 24th floors failed, the falling debris caused the cascading failure, which the lower floors also then failed from the increased stress and impact damage. The MBS had found the cause of the disaster and it was solely down to human error. They had just removed the vital supports too early, likely in a bit to speed up work. This was done without any real estimation of the strength of the concrete because even if it looks solid to the eye, it can't always support serious load. Now the developers would avoid much of the blame, mainly due to the disaster being caused by the subcontractor, Miller and Long. As such, the vice president, Roger Gilbert Arnold, would be charged with manslaughter, which could have resulted in between one and five years in prison.  The company would have to dig into its pockets in fines however, with a whopping $300 charged for failing to use adequate shoring, although Osher would find the company a greater amount of $13,000 for violations of worker safety codes. At least that's something I suppose. Well, the site would be barred from continuing work on the Skyline Plaza for over 16 months, but eventually work would continue, being completed in 1977, which brings us back to our start of the story and the opening of the new apartment complex, which, rather interestingly, is still there today. This is a plain difficult production. All videos on the channel are created by my attribution share like licensed. Plain difficult videos are produced by me, John, in the currently wet and windy corner of southern London, UK. I have Instagram and a second YouTube channel to check out. If you want to watch random bits and pieces that I do outside of this main channel, I would also like to have a very nice and warm thank you to my Patreon and YouTube members who financially support this channel. If you want to check that out, you can get hold of early access videos as well as other random stuff. All I have to say is thank you for watching and Mr Music, play a cell please.


I just was in Germany about a week or two ago, but I didn't get to go to Verden, Germany, and I wish I could have gone because there is a church there. And high up on the church building, there's a lamb carved. And if you'd ask a person, how did that lamb carving get up there? They would tell you about a worker who was working on the structure and was going to move over to do some more work, slipped and fell, and would surely get killed if he landed on the stones below. But miraculously, he was unhurt because there was a tiny little lamb, a real lamb, nibbling on some of the tufts of grass at the bottom of the church entrance. And he fell on the lamb and crushed the lamb to death, and he lived. And so in gratitude, he carved a memorial to the lamb to celebrate his deliverance and the ultimate suggestion of deliverance by the lamb of God, saved by a lamb crushed. And we have a lamb who is exalted high to the throne of God who was sacrificed for us, and we want to worship him in light of that. There's lots of theories of the atonement. How can a sinful man or woman be accepted by a holy God? So here's what we're going to do. I'm going to give you a few atonement theories, and then we'll look at substitutionary atonement in the Bible. Cheap grace doesn't need substitutionary atonement. Cheap grace needs maybe Jesus dying on the cross as a good example. Maybe an act of love will do. But when we realize how bad we are, we need someone to die in our place as a penalty substitute, penal substitution. And so I'm going to give you some theories of the atonement, and then we'll drive ourselves to the scriptures and look at substitutionary atonement as a theme in the Bible. The first theory of the atonement, trying to figure out how do we take sin seriously and be reconciled to God, it's called the ransom theory. Sometimes called the classical theory with another theory called Christus Victor. And the church fathers, along with Irenaeus, had this ransom theory, Jesus liberates people from slavery to sin and Satan. By ransom, Jesus defeats Satan in a spiritual battle, Adam and Eve's sin. They're enslaved to sin and to Satan. And sometimes this is called the bait theory. And God kind of switches things around and Satan's tricked into taking the bait. It's called a mousetrap theory sometimes as well. Certainly Jesus was a ransom for us, Mark 10.45, giving his life as a ransom for many. But never does the Bible say the ransom was paid to Jesus, excuse me, was paid to Satan. Jesus' death was a ransom, but never paid to Satan. Jesus' death did conquer Satan at the cross, destroying the works of the devil. But it wasn't paying a ransom to Satan. There's another theory, number two. It's called the satisfaction theory. And Anselm had this. And you say, well, this is kind of all boring, let's get to the Bible. We'll get there. I wouldn't probably do this on a Sunday morning, but it is a conference. And I'm testing you to see if you're worshiping God by listening here early on. So I'm going to try. By the way, sometimes, you know, if I'm training men to preach and I'll say when you're preaching to a kind of a tough crowd that's about ready to sleep, then you start walking back and forth because then I can get your eyes to follow me or you can start raising your voice a little bit. So then you'll listen. And if nothing else works, then just slam the pulpit. Weak point. Shout. Anselm had in the satisfaction theory at least the right concept that man sinned in the garden, therefore man has to be redeemed as man. A man has to redeem even. The necessity of God then becoming man because only God man could redeem. What man should pay only God could pay. And so Jesus Christ did pay. It talked too much about honor of God and not holiness of God. And so that wasn't quite right either. Substitute atonement still is not being developed yet. There's another one, number three called moral influence. And this is the big one today. Moral influence. Jesus died on the cross as an example of love. And was that an act of love, by the way? Absolutely. That was an act of love. But that doesn't deal with the penalty of sin. The church fathers taught this a lot. Emanuel Kant taught this, Paul Tillich taught this. Subjective effects of Jesus dying on the cross. Moving my heart to accept his atonement because it was such a gracious act of love. Matter of fact, a song that I actually like is all about this. When I survey the wondrous cross. That's a view that captures this Jesus as example only. Now Jesus did conquer Satan. He did show himself an example of love, but he did more than that. I love the story by D.M. Stearns, a gospel preacher. Guy came up after a sermon and said something to the pastor. Now most of the time people come up afterwards and Mark and I were talking about this earlier. People say that was a great sermon and what they really mean is thank you for being faithful. I love you. We don't really need to hear that was a great sermon because Satan already told us that about 20 times from here to there. It's a great sermon I preached. And so I've had people tell me all kinds of things at the door. I got one person that said to me about six weeks ago, a member of our church. I preached a sermon and this person raised their cane up to me and looked at me at the door, first person at the door and she said to me, Chuck Swindoll preaches that passage better than you do. Welcome to New England I guess. I said I'm sure he does. But you know in my flesh I wanted to say, Chuck Swindoll lasted two years in New England and this is my 16th. But I didn't say it. One person said, you know what? You were saying today that the gift of speaking in tongues doesn't exist today like it did in the New Testament and you're sweating and all liars sweat. Therefore you were lying for what you said in the pulpit because you're sweating when you said it. I said welcome to Bethlehem Bible Church. This guy walked up to Mr. Stearns and says, I don't like your preaching. I don't care for the cross. It's far better to preach Jesus as example than substitutionary sin bearer. And the pastor said, would you be willing then to follow him if I preached Christ as example? I would. I will follow in his steps. Mr. Stearns said, well then let us take the first step and the first step is the clause immediately after the fact that we are following in his steps the man who did no sin. Can you take that step? No. I do sin and acknowledge it the man said. Well then the gospel preacher said, you first need Christ not as example then but as savior. Another view of the atonement, only just one more before the real view, the governmental theory of the atonement. God has to uphold laws and he can't relax his laws and therefore he upholds government of the universe by having Jesus suffer. It doesn't really bear our punishment but sinners sin and the soul that sins shall surely die. It was a public example. You've got to maintain public order. Different views of the atonement. But the one that's at the center, the one that's attacked today with cheap grace, isn't Jesus was victorious over Satan. It isn't there's a high holy order that needs to be held up. It isn't that Jesus is an example of love, it's substitutionary atonement, penalty substitution, penalty substitution. People don't like it for lots of reasons and we're going to find out today why they don't. Jesus died in our place as a vicarious substitute. And I think you're going to be glad to find this out. To be reminded, Sinclair Ferguson said Christ's death was substitutionary, Jesus was taking our place. That is why the charges brought against him were blasphemy and treason for these are the very charges we face before the judgment seat of God. 1 Peter chapter 2 says he himself bore our sins in his body on the tree. 1 Peter chapter 3, Christ also died for sins once for all the righteous for the unrighteous. Substitutionary atonement. Just imagine if God and His counsel says I will accept no substitute. I don't want any substitute. I'll never accept a substitute. But it's divine grace that says I will accept a substitute. And that's why there are so many songs about substitutionary atonement.  Hallelujah, what a savior. O sacred head, now wounded, what thou my Lord has suffered was all for sinners' gain. Mine, mine was the transgression, but thine the deadly pain. Substitutionary atonement. Was it for crimes that I had done he groaned upon the tree? Amazing pity, grace unknown, and love beyond degree. The response to substitutionary atonement is thankfulness. And can it be that I should gain an entrance in the Savior's blood? Died he for me? Substitutionary atonement. If Christ is not your substitute, he's nothing for the sinner. And it's being attacked today. Do you know the hymn in Christ alone? In Christ alone do you like the song? I like it. Some of you that are sleeping don't look like you like it, but we're going to make you wake up right now. There you go, look! I'm not kidding. I know sleep is a blessing and I'm here to bless, but come on, let's pay attention now. In Christ alone, no more theories, now let's talk about a song. Everybody loves songs, don't they? In Christ alone, do you know it's being attacked in the Presbyterian USA? That's the liberal version of Presbyterians. We're not talking about R.C. Sproul Presbyterians or Carl Truman Presbyterians or Machen Presbyterians. And they said they don't like this lyric. On that cross as Jesus died the wrath of God was satisfied.  That's not nurturing, that's not therapeutic, that just actually doesn't feel very good. So they didn't like the wrath of God was satisfied, so the Presbyterian committee on congregational song, one more reason not to have any committees, wanted to substitute the words, the love of God was magnified. And on that cross when Jesus died. But the writers, Stuart Townan and Keith Getty said no. They wanted to get rid of the wrath and the hymnals. Reverend Chris Joyner of First Presbyterian Church in Franklin, Massachusetts, of all things, of all places. He said, you know, quote, that lyric comes close to saying that God killed Jesus. The cross he said is not an instrument of God's wrath. But when you believe in substitutionary atonement, that's exactly what it is. God does have wrath because he's holy and wrathful. Goes beyond my mind 2010 Union Theological Seminary Sprunt Lectures. This used to be a reform school decades ago. Feminist speaker comes, Presbyterian USA Seminary. Her name is Margaret Miles and she talked about God's love mother's milk. And she said the cross doesn't symbolize the love of God because it's too wicked. She said, quote, although theologians may have claimed that crucifixion scenes exhibited the extremity of God's love for humans.  The cross is not going to be a symbol of God's love because, quote, it presents a violent act as salvific. She said, the equation of love with violence and suffering is a typically male-centered perspective. A nursing virgin can perhaps communicate God's love to people in a way that a violent image, the image of one more sacrificial victim, cannot. Today you have it with Mary worship as well.  Rosemary Radford Ruther said from the same podium that the resurrection of Jesus was a myth created by males to assuage their own fear of death. And instead why don't you embrace the great womb within all things gods and humans, skies and earth, humans and non-humans are generated. I don't know what to say to that except pass me the Ipaqac, that's about it for me. They have the Ipaqac here? Every time I see a coexist bumper sticker I said I got some coexist for you, it's Ipaqac. Co-exist. Of course Christ's death was an example of love. Of course he demonstrated a high view of the law at Calvary. Of course he had victory over all the cosmic agents, but if you gut substitutionary atonement from the cross you lose it all. And so today I want to make sure we understand from scripture that in fact Jesus did receive a javelin into his heart thrown by God to use some language. That you have to see blood sacrifice as central to understanding the atonement. And once that's gone, here's what happens. Norman Vincent Peale comes in and says just be good. Followed by who? Robert Shuler, just be good. Moralistic things, followed by Osteen, followed by Rick Warren and the list goes on. Now ask yourself the question if God wants to forgive us why doesn't he just do it? Let there be forgiveness. How do you forgive people? If someone sends against you and they said please forgive me, you say I forgive you. Why can't God just do that? Let there be light. Let there be forgiveness. Substitutionary atonement is attacked today by every corner of people who are trying to justify their own lifestyles.  There's an awesome book you ought to read called Pierce for Our Transgressions.  Chalky said just as a lightning conductor soaks up powerful and destructive bolts of electricity, so Jesus as he hung on that cross soaked up all the forces of hate, rejection, pain and alienation all around him. Really? He said I claim that penal substitution is tantamount to child abuse. A vengeful father punishing his son for an offense he has not committed. Well what does the Bible say? Let's open our Bibles to Genesis chapter 2 and we're going to go through a little survey of substitutionary penalty satisfaction. And it's going to be wonderful because we're going to see the theme of scripture and how God forgives. Does he just let a sin go? Does he just overlook it? Does he just say okay that's alright, it's an indulgent father. My grandmother raised me when my mom was working, my father was working and she said if you disobey, see that yardstick over there? Remember those yardsticks she used to get at the hardware stores?  And then I disobeyed again, she never gave me a spanking. I disobeyed again, she never gave me a spanking. I disobeyed again, she never gave me a spanking. I walked over there, got the yardstick, broke it over my leg and handed it to her and she still didn't give me a spanking. Oh, if I'm a grandpa, that happens. Is that our view of God? Just this indulgent George Burns, oh God, grandpa, let bygones be bygones. The wages of sin is what? Death. And without the shedding of blood there is what? No remission.  God doesn't just say let there be light, let there be forgiveness. There's penalty substitution, so we're going to go through about five or six Old Testament and New Testament examples so it's locked in your mind forever. The crown of the jewel of atonement is substitutionary atonement. Genesis chapter 2 verse 17 is our first account. I know you know all these but I just want to walk through these with you.  And we know what they did and they needed a substitute and God gave them one right away. Instead of Adam and Eve immediately physically dying, although they died spiritually. Look at chapter 3 verse 21. There had to be the shedding of blood, there had to be blood shed unto death. And the Lord God made for Adam, Genesis 321, and for his wife garments of skins and clothed them.  Number two, let's go to Exodus chapter 12, the Passover. The Passover, now remember we're dealing with these issues of sacrifice and killing and slaying and we can't even butch our own animals. We just go to the store for that. There's a lot of blood and a lot of sharp knives and a lot of jugular veins cut and it is bloody and it is gruesome. And the Passover in Exodus 12 shows a substitutionary atonement. Second illustration. I'm not picking every one but just highlighting some key ones. Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male, a year old. You may take it from the sheep or from the goats and you shall keep it until the 14th day of the month when the whole assembly of congregation of Israel shall kill their lambs at twilight. And they shall take some of the blood and put it on the two door posts. The pagans used to put weird images and icons on top of their door posts for protection. For you Israel though, I want you to take some of the blood and put it on there and of the little of the houses in which they eat it. For verse 12 says I will pass through the land of Egypt. This passing through is in judgment. That night and I will strike all the firstborn in the land of Egypt both man and beast and on all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgments. I am the Lord. Verse 13, the blood shall be assigned for you on the houses where you are. And when I see the blood, something else has died in your place.    Number three, Leviticus 16, Yom Kippur. Yom Kippur, the day of atonement, blood, sacrifice, penalty, substitution. Our sins are against God and they are of an infinite nature because God is infinitely holy therefore someone has to die when we sin.  The garden, Passover and now the day of atonement.   Verse 18 says then he shall go out to the altar that is before the Lord and make atonement for it and shall take some of the blood of the bull and some of the blood of the goat and put it on the horns of the altar all around. These weren't for the sins of all the pagan countries but for Israel it's either Israel or it's the sacrifices instead of in place of in behalf of Isaiah 53 please for number four in our illustrations. We've got about seven of them to work through to see clearly that penalty substitution is essential to understanding the Gospel. Isaiah 53 we can work through the whole passage of course and it's a wonderful passage I might say more about it later. Isaiah 53.6 all of us like sheep have gone astray each of us has turned to his own way but the Lord has caused the iniquity of us all to fall on him. Substitutionary atonement. The Lamb of God prefigured there in Isaiah 53. Now we're going to go through a different one a kind of a strange one. Number five Matthew 27. So go with me if you would to Matthew 27 and I want to show you an illustration of substitutionary atonement that might catch you off guard. If I was going to teach this to young people substitutionary atonement this is the passage I teach the story of Barabbas. This is the only man Jesus ever died for.  This is the only man Jesus ever died for physically right we're going to find out boy this is captivating I had one passage to preach around the world it just might be this one. Matthew 27 11 now Jesus stood before the governor and the governor asked him by the way who's the governor pilot why is he called the governor here a couple times because it's ironic we've got a governor who doesn't govern pilot is the governor who doesn't govern are you the king of the Jews Jesus said you say I mean one look at the guy he's not some insurrectionist he's not some some freedom fighter you I mean really you're the king of the Jews you Jesus says you say if Jesus said no I'm not the king of the Jews that would be a lie if he says I am the king of the Jews pilot might take that as yes I am the freedom fighter so he says you say but when he's accused by the chief priests and the elders he gave no answer when the government officials Romans 13 ask you a question you give them an answer because they're God ordained but when the false preachers and the false priests and the false elders who are in a works righteousness system ask you questions you don't have to give them any answers I don't owe you any answers I owe the governor an answer I don't owe you one answer you lying hypocrite dogs then Pilate said to him do you not hear how many things they testify against you they're trying to put the net so wide something'll stick just making up all kinds of things because they're hoping one thing will condemn you and I don't know if you met many people who've been in trouble from the law but they usually have a lot of reasons to tell them how innocent they are and here Jesus is the opposite but he gave him no answer not even a single charge so that the governor was greatly amazed he was dumbstruck this is an unusual prisoner and he thinks he's got his way out now at the feast verse 15 the governor was accustomed to release for the crowd anyone prisoner whom they wanted and you know it's kind of like Passover maybe something goes free Israel's out of Egypt bondage celebration for freedom and maybe we'll have that around this time by the way if you're going to let somebody go you don't let a freedom fighter go you let somebody like Jesus go he's not going to cause any real trouble to roam and they had been a notorious prisoner a marked man a notable person notable for his notoriety a notable prisoner called Barabbas bar Abba son of the father probably a rabbis kid if the name's that he's son of the father we've got son of the father here bar Abbas so when they had gathered Pilate said to them whom do you want me to release for you Barabbas or Jesus who is called Christ some of the manuscripts here say Jesus Barabbas thinking that Jesus Barabbas was this guy's name but we don't want to call Barabbas Jesus Barabbas because Jesus is reserved for just our Jesus who do you want to have released Jesus son of the father or Jesus son of the father who do you want released for he knew verse 18 he was savvy he was a politician that it was out of envy that they had delivered him up besides while he was sitting on the Bema the judgment seat his wife sent word to him have nothing to do with that righteous man for I have suffered much because of him today in a dream I've been taking a nap I just woke up from the nap and in my dream dreams are big back in those days dreams are big with the Magi and early on in Matthew I had this dream and the dream says don't mess with what who that righteous man a Gentile woman knows that Jesus is innocent and she's trying to resolve the steal of Pilate and even that's not going to work I had a dream I've suffered much of him today in a dream now the chief priests and the elders persuaded the crowd to ask for Barabbas and destroy Jesus the governor didn't govern again asked them and said to them which of the two do you want me to release and they said Barabbas Pilate said to them then what shall I do with Jesus who was called Christ and six times you'll see it in this chapter alone and they said let him be crucified let him be crucified let him be crucified let him be crucified let him be crucified let him be crucified what evil has he done but they shouted all the more let him be crucified Pilate knew this was all wrong verse 24 so when Pilate saw that he was gaining nothing but rather a riot was beginning he did what they did back in the Old Testament symbolically he took water and washed his hands before the crowd saying I am innocent of this man's blood see to it yourselves did Pilate really think washing his hands with water would relieve the guilt of condemning the son of man was there anything that could wash his hands and then people say something that pretty amazing and all the people answered his blood beyond us okay I get that but I have four kids here's a decision we're going to make and we're so sure of ourselves that his blood beyond us and if it's up to you and if it's up to God and if it's all wrong then you damn our children too not just who I am but my children too let his blood be on us and our children and then they released for them Barabbas son of the father and having scourged Jesus delivered him to be crucified now I've heard that if you're on death row and you know you're going to get hung the next day you begin to involuntarily playing with your neck because the rope's going to go around you and you you know that's the point I've heard that if you're going to die by gas that some of the prisoners on death row will learn how to hold their breath for one minute two minutes sometimes even passing out because they know I've got to hold my breath and can I win out on this thing Barabbas is in jail I don't know if he was in cahoots with thief one and thief two on the cross but my guess is he was Barabbas a murderer an insurrectionist a robber and his one account gives us and it's just a story but you can imagine it happening they're in jail and the jailer comes walking down the hallway key in the door time to be crucified and out goes thief one walks up to Golgotha Barabbas looking out the window crucified thief one jailer comes back down the prisoner hallway and the jail key goes in the door opens it up thief two he carries his cross the rest of the way up crucified watches the jailer come back down through the prison to his door Barabbas's the key goes into the key hole turns it the door comes open and now the jailer becomes an evangelist Barabbas you're free Barabbas you're free someone else is going to pay for you the innocent is condemned and the condemned is innocent this is a great picture of substitution it's not a picture of penalty substitution but that's coming in the next chapter Barabbas the guilty goes free based on Christ the innocent who pays substitution it's amazing to think about the innocent Jesus counted as a sinner punished as a sinner and Barabbas the real criminal is acquitted and goes free by the way the same man who talked about that story he said notice what happened with Barabbas Barabbas didn't say well I just want to be a little bit better than I could leave I just need to be baptized first and then I could leave no believe what the jailer said you're free take it by faith what an illustration here Jesus takes our place and bears the full weight of the punishment we deserve Jesus changed places with Barabbas dies literally in Barabbas's place I don't know if Barabbas had a sins paid for by Jesus or not we're not told I guess you could watch the Hollywood movie Barabbas they say he did I don't know but an innocent man goes to the cross and the guilty man is free substitution Matthew 27 verse 45 example number six example number six it says in verse 45 now from the sixth hour Matthew 27 verse 45 from the sixth hour there was darkness over all the land until the ninth hour so from noon to three it's dark what's this mean I don't know how does it get dark in the middle of the day maybe it's a dust storm that came maybe it was some kind of sarako that comes flying up from north africa maybe the sun is eclipsed but if you study the Old Testament what will you see darkness mean often judgment the sun is being judged for us in our place Jesus is the sinless spotless lamb never sinned always obeyed and here at 12 noon Jesus is dying on the cross three hours dark and here's what's happening and about the ninth hour Jesus cried out with a loud voice saying Eli Eli Lama Sabakhtini my god my god why have you forsaken me we have some lesbian neighbors and she asked one of the ladies said could you come and visit in the hospital when I have a knee surgery I said well we'd love to come and visit you Kim and I would love to come and but I want you to know I'm a pastor and I'd want to read the bible to you and also pray oh she said I'd like that so we went into the room and the other lady partner she doesn't really want to talk religion even though she's kind to us and she gave her a kiss on the lips and then walked out said goodbye and and so then we're sitting talking and finally the lady said to me well aren't you going to read the bible said yes she said what's your favorite passage she said I think I really love Psalm 22 the Lord is my shepherd I said you know that's Psalm 23 but now that you're talking about Psalm 22 let me just tell you the first verse of Psalm 22 and I don't need my bible my god my god why have you forsaken me and can you imagine our sins were so bad at Calvary that the father turns his back as it were on the Son and punishes the Son like he was a sinner even though he wasn't judging the Son now when you think about this cry of Christ Jesus think earlier listen to John 16 behold an hour is coming Jesus says and has already come for you to be scattered each to his own home and to leave me alone yet I'm not alone because the father is with me think about John 8 I and my father are one he that seeeth me seeeth the father also the father does not leave me alone and from all eternity Jesus never experienced any silence from the father now when I hear stories about people just drive up to hospitals and just abandon a baby in the bathroom I think abandoning babies in bathrooms abandonment child abandonment I can't think of anything so bad better than aborting the baby certainly and here is the abandoned cry of Jesus suffering the unfathomable depths of sin in our place not from physical agonies although I'm sure it hurt a lot not from inner mental distress and look at the passage my god my god this repetition no longer my father but now he's god judging sin why for what end trying to understand this he's fully human it was like all of hell's punishments condensed into three hours and then just dumped on jesus god was doing the forsaking silent a pilot sentenced but it was really the sentence of god on different grounds forsaken god why have you left me destitute why why have you deserted me one man said this is the most tragic speech in all the human language men can be forsaken by friends a wife by her husband a child by its parents but the father forsaking the object of his love from all eternity for 33 years the son had unbroken and perfect communion and think about eternity past as well with his father now forsaken this cry is understood in light of mark 14 father all things are possible for you but remove this cup for me yet not what i will but what you will this is substitutionary atonement god is light and in him is no darkness at all and he has to judge sin bliss said bearing shame and scoffing rude in my place condemned he stood sealed my blood with a pardon one man called this god's holy revulsion against sin if you ever want to know what god thinks of sin you just look at the cross propitiation is being done god the sun diverting by absorption and finally number seven revelation five our last passage for this session i don't know our timing but we'll just finish this one revelation chapter five verse six i want to tell you all about revelation one through four in the first few verses but we're just going to go straight to verse six buckle up revelation five six and between the throne of course we've got a view here of heaven and the four living creatures and among the elders i saw a lamb standing just learned about a lion but now we got a lamb standing as though it had been slain seven horns with seven eyes which are the seven spirits of god sent out all to all the world the lamb standing the lamb's alive but it looks like it's been slain the word is it's been butchered somebody's taken a knife like a butcher does and carves it up it's talking about of course the crucifixion and this word lamb is used in the new testament book of revelation over and over and over i think 28 times the lamb more than any other name of jesus in revelation the lamb because everything has to do with substitution atonement and this lamb standing as it's been slain true or false there are man-made things in heaven true the two hands the two feet in the side five man-made scars in heaven that you'll see on jesus forever as you worship him the lamb standing as if slain now when you hear the word lamb john wants you to just go back to genesis two and three and exodus 12 and ex and leviticus 16 and isaiah 53 and think no wonder when john the baptist saw jesus he said behold the vulture of god did he say that behold the turkey of god behold the ostrich of god see because this is all tied together god is the author and when john the baptist sees jesus it's behold the lamb of god why because he's white and fluffy that's what i would say to my kids and they're like no dad don't you know lamb means substitutionary sacrifice that's right that's why i said to my little gracey about a year ago what's the most important concept in all the bible that if you don't believe you can't go to heaven and you can't say god or jesus right kids go to sunny school what'd you learn about today god jesus i know that because if if the people at sunny school don't teach you about god and jesus they're fired and they tell you how don't put elbows on the table manners how to shake look people in the eye pagans know how to do that i want our kids to be taught about jesus christ you need a savior people always like well what do i teach the kids for sunny school it's the same message every week you're a sinner and you need a savior just pick a different passage i'm like if you don't know this topic if you don't understand this concept you can't go to heaven it's the most important theological concept in all the bible i had her attention then she said dad i don't know and i said substitution you've got to have a substitute and i said little gracey one day you're gonna die and you'll either have to pay for your sins or jesus the lamb will have already paid for them substitutionary atonement the lamb here has been standing no wonder revelation one says i'm the living one i died and behold i'm alive forever more i have the keys of death and hades i've been slaughtered mortally wounded slain the lamb bears marks of his death forever one lexicon said of this word slain perfect passive participle it's used of animals especially when killed as a sacrifice slaughter to slay metaphorically of jesus' atoning death as the lamb of god jesus is not only the lion of the tribe of juda but he's the lamb of god who perches redemption through substitutionary atonement behold the lamb of god no wonder acts eight with philip the man's reading like a sheep he was led to slaughter and like a lamb before its share is silent charles spurgeon said if ever there should come a wretched day when our pulpits shall be full of modern thought and the old doctrine of substitutionary sacrifice should be exploded there'll be no remaining of no remaining word of comfort for the guilty our hope for the despairing hushed will be forever those silver notes which now console the living and share the dying a dumb spirit will possess this sullen world and no voice of joy will break the blank silence of despair the gospel speaks through the propitiation for sin and if that be denied it speaketh no more and now look down in verse nine look at the song we need to wrap up and they sang a new song saying worthy are you to take the scroll and to open its seals i don't think we're going to change these lyrics in heaven either no matter how much the presbyterian committee wants to do it for you were slain and by your blood unto death you ransom people for god from every tribe and nation and people and tongue and i could add all the rest and you have made them a kingdom and priest to our god and they shall reign on earth jesus christ dies the just for the unjust Galatians 3 having become a curse for us Hebrews 9 to bear the sins of many one last passage we're going to just make this super fast i can't bear to do it my flight's a little bit delayed so i have pastoral privilege first john chapter 4 i just got an email just not that long ago first john chapter 4 let me quickly help you understand that you cannot understand god's love apart from substation atonement propitiation a love would then only be sentimental emotional sexual something else but you cannot understand god's love apart from the death of christ i'll say it again you cannot understand god's love apart from the death of christ and john the gospel writer john the epistle writer the writer of a revelation he's the the apostle of love how would he define love god is love how many times have you heard that we have a little hermeneutical principle in our world here's a principle how do i understand this passage pastor the hermeneutical principle is keep reading simple so let's find out beloved first john 4 7 let us love one another for god for love rather is from god and whoever loves has been born of god and knows god anyone who does not love does not know god because god is love keep reading the world wants to say god is only love we say god is love but he manifests that love through propitiation you gotta keep going in this the love of god was made manifest among us that god sent his only son in the world that we might live through him in this is love look at how he gives it a description of what it is he further describes it in this is love not that we love god but that he loved us and and and sent his son to be the propitiation for our sins beloved if god so loved us we ought to love one another when when john speaks about love he speaks about propitiation because they go together he defines propitiation by its relationship to love and he defines love by its relationship to propitiation that's the explanation of divine love james then he said so true if you could just get one thing one thing is christians from me i want it to be this that's pretty big for a pastor to say for the apostle to say god is love is exactly the same as to say god has in his son made propitiation for our sins that is what love is that's why when people say you guys try to have so much wrath and penalty substitution we're for the love here's what we say it's only by god's love that he gave us jesus as a substitute i'm not minimizing love i'm upholding love through propitiation if you don't think there's a tack on substitution atonement you'll soon find out there is because people want to make themselves good enough so jesus doesn't have to die such a vicious death let's pray father in heaven we just would ask again that you would seal these bible verses to our heart in this is love not that we love god but that he loved us and sent his son to be the propitiation for our sins father i think about all the pagans and they try to do something to be a have you assuaged of of wrath and they offer you up good works and sacraments and baptisms and pagans offer up to their false gods sweets and vegetables and animals and virgins and babies and father we could never satisfy your wrath so you did by sending your son in love for us thank you for that even though holy even though loving even though wrathful you're gracious and father we would admit that there's nothing cheap about that and christ's name


Think Tech Away. Civil engagement lives here. Welcome back to Human-Human Architecture, broadcasting live here from our Paradise of Honolulu, Hawaii. This show is dedicated to finding out ways for human-humane architecture, basically meaning being a planet and people-friendly here on the island. And so we're going to talk about how we're going to do that. And we like to dream wild, but also every once in a while you've got to face reality and do a reality check. But for that, you need very sort of open-minded visionary people who are grounded but as well have visions. And we have one of them here today, one of the big thinkers, and that's Socrates Britachos. So thank you very much for being here. Well, Martin, thank you for having me on this show today. It's a pleasure. So can you talk a little bit about yourself and your background? Okay, Martin. I'm an assistant fire chief in the Honolulu Fire Department. And I'm the administrator of Fire Prevention over the city and county of Honolulu. And over the training and research, which is a training for all of 1,200 or so firefighters that we have in Honolulu Fire Department. I've been in the Fire Department this short of 31 years. And I've been involved in fire prevention codes, et cetera, for about the last 10 or so. All right. I'm very happy to be here today. Thank you. Thank you. We're happy to have you. And what you just said, the Building Code Council meeting. That's actually how we met and we can get the next picture of the first picture. This gentleman here got us together. That's our colleague, showmaster Howard Wiig, who's running the Code Green show here. Show guys, you got to check that out. And Howard basically got us together in one of the Building Code Council meetings. That's true. Howard's a great colleague and a friend. And I served on the State Building Code Council for eight years. Howard came on, I think, a little while after me. I even got to chair that for a year. And I timed out, but I go to the meetings every once in a while. And I stay in touch with the folks there with Howard as well. So it's a great place to learn about all the different factors that go into building, including building, plumbing, electricity, energy, and fire safety.  And you say, you have to say, sorry, that doesn't work because of life safety, because of code. Not so much in this case. We actually, in a meeting, we were questioning things and not just agenda items so and so all approved. We were critically looking at something that is actually, some consider that me, including as the root of all many problems we'll have is something invasive. That's the IBC, the International Building Code, which is made for the mainland. And so in one of the meetings, we were talking about this and we were talking about that due to the mainland code, the fire escape stairs have to be enclosed, which on the mainland, New York City, if there's a fire in your building and you try to get the hell out of there and then you break your neck on an over-iced metal grating of an exterior fire stairs, that's a problem, but that ice thing we don't have here. So, Brian? Well, you don't have that here. And so the International Building Code, like most of the other codes, a consensus standard that covers the whole country. Well, we've got different geography, different weather, different cultures and it's also supposed to be adaptive or we would say the code amended for different locales. And Hawaii is quite a bit different and so is Honolulu and we think that an outside stairs is good. After all, the idea is to go to a safe place where you're separated from fire and smoke and you can breathe and make your way all the way down to the ground and there's more than one way to achieve that. You don't have to completely close up that space. In fact, a little wind coming in and air going out is a good thing. That's perfect. And can we break that picture number two, which I took that on my way to work this. So we bring them back because we actually had until mid-century we had these pretty, you know, fascinating. They're so fascinating that the Soto and I are going to do an entire show about these easy breezy exterior staircases that have been, you know, from a building sort of art point of view. They're very spectacular and sort of ascending and descending in a building, not to speak about the health effects, you know, that it has on your body when you like to walk the stairs, you know, it keeps you in shape and all these aspects, they all play into each other and that's what we come from different angles. So the head of the DPP at that time, also being in the meeting, you know, was convinced and basically said, okay, let's basically adjust code. And next picture is another example. He was almost close because we keep talking about fixed glazing and being, making buildings hermetic. He said, I get you guys and maybe we should penalize fixed glazing but then he realized he went too far and we said, oh, this is, you know, you should write this down. We should record it. But the sheer fact that he said that means it's on our minds and maybe the change is coming and you would be very happy if you wouldn't have to deal with that sort of fixed glazing, right? Well, we think that might be another hazard and really air flow is good if there's a protection. So I notice in that building, those stairs went up so it was a safe way down but the exterior walkway was an overhang and that prevents fire from going up which it wants to do and go in the next window. That means you can have windows that are open in that unit. That's a good thing in a place where the weather's good and the trade winds are blowing, right? As it's here. And that's next picture, which is all a permanent background picture is pretty much a project that the audience has seen a couple of times and you were on the final review, right? Yeah, that was fun going to your class and my wife came along with me. Really, we were impressed by the architectural doctoral students and the project they put together and they were doing some real out-of-the-box thinking. They were thinking about what it means to live in Hawaii, how our community could be like. I was pleased to see that kind of thinking coming out and because I'm a fire chief, I did point out some practical concerns that we want to keep in mind. Which we actually want to share with the audience now if you can get the next picture. This is illustrating what you were talking about and we see the staircase here being at the very edge of the building so it's similar to what we talked before. We see gray, which is concrete, which is a product you like because it's noncombustible. But there's some brown stuff there and that's sort of stereotypically something that people of your sort of obligation are sort of skeptical about because that's pretty much wood. But before we get there, bring the next picture because tall buildings are iffy and the students were thinking about how to evacuate the building and they came up with this. You want to explain what that device is they found out? I think they've got something that's a backpack that's anchored to some secure point in the wall and lets you come out. Other countries have got chutes and lines that let you come out and ladders. To be perfectly honest, firefighters would rather you just go to the closest stairs and go out but sometimes that might not be available and there's another option. It was fun to see the kids thinking of different things. Just provide more options because the more options you are, the less trapped you are because once the staircase is clocked for whatever reason or fails in parts, you want to have different means and ways of egress out of the building. The next picture is showing... What I really appreciate about you is the sort of holistic thinking you have. You're not just thinking about your field but you're thinking you have the big picture and you were interested in live on a smaller footprint, things like that and here we got the material of wood which is usually from a fire preventive point of view. It's like wood can light up and so basically it catches fire so it's to be considered problematic but again, you have a different view. You have a more reflected, more progressive view. Well, wood does burn but when it's heavier structure or heavier timbers it tends to char and then still keep its integrity where engineered lumber that's used these days or even steel trusses does not it'll fail quickly in a fire so we're not necessarily against wood for structural members we say that it should be designed properly and really it's the stuff that we all have as people and that's the things that burn and we need to keep a little better control of it. And the next picture is the students taking this to their heart and proposing actually the partition walls of the units not out of concrete because that would have been too heavy and too sort of concretey they looked into like what kind of wood we have abundant and available being albecia or eucalyptus and basically sort of cross composing that I say at this point and you get a bit of fighter rating sometimes for sure than with steel which always compared to spaghetti which is pretty sturdy before it's cooked before it's boiled but once you throw it into the boiling pot it basically has no structural integrity anymore. Yeah, typically what we see is CMU or drywall between units and we're going to go over that a little bit later so CMU's got a stronger fire rating and does drywall I'm not sure what the wood is but I can tell you it's better than some kind of lesser material. Well and I can tell because the next picture shows a project that I've been doing some many years ago which was a school for mentally disabled children so these are the most problematic to basically evacuate per se and this was a 40,000 square foot school that we basically after a long consideration of getting to know handicapped people we said we can't build the usual drywalled way that is so cold, that's so neutral it needs to be haptical and tactile and touching them literally and figuratively so we proposed to make it out of solid timber and our public German clients stared at us with eyes wide open say you guys are nuts you probably need more treatment than the kids and we said let's make our case and we got the most renowned German fire rating consultant Dr. Hass involved and we basically convinced the client and here's the project, you know, widely published and because the fire rating of these solid timber walls and ceilings, you know, surpassed conventional construction and we have to say in all honesty it's a one-story building it has lots of courtyard so you got basically doors to the outside, plenty and so you need to look at each project sort of individually and then judge with in that case the effect that what we wouldn't claim here and couldn't expect for a high-rise but at bare we have no sprinklers in the building at all we have smoke detectors we have two parts partition doors they're closed to basically prevent the smoke from entering one section to the other one but that's pretty much it through a similar, you know, dialogue we have which we call integrated project delivery where you bring all the people involved at the table at the very beginning and talk very openly and honestly about things and create trust in each other, you know and say together we can make that even though it might not be conventional because you're very progressive and think about the future your own children and how do we move on and evolve on the island then getting stuck and basically just sort of are sort of, you know, behind ourselves we need to get ahead of ourselves and try to bring the future to us as soon as we can sometimes we need to bring the past to us because there are good ideas that we haven't used for a while and there's many ways to make a building safer from making sure you have more ways out to keeping them maybe not as tall exactly and talking, you know, one-story buildings if the camera can get that big piece that you probably have seen on the table already this is some research this is a DRX project by Nick Civitano I hope you're doing well that he proposed for single family residences we're holding it up because this is basically the detail of the roof structure where you basically cross composed boards of local wood and at the beginning of that time I was sharing with him a product that's by a German company, Hundegger who were basically having like a robot table and that robot was basically nailing them because originally it was cross-laminated but laminated as glue and we don't like glue because in case of a fire it burns toxic and you know, you get, you know not clean burning material all these composites are potentially hazardous and they're off-gassing all the time so try to avoid that and so the aluminum navels were the first step why aluminum? because you can still cut openings into it with a wood saw but it's still a foreign material so the actual stuff we're using now is a company here back fasteners who makes this lignolock and lignolock is a a beech wood dowel that has no thread and so you put it in with a shooting gun and it's basically going to be glued to the wood without glue through what you call friction welding if you take your hands and you rub them really fast you create heat and if you do this to an extreme extent you basically weld the lignin in the wood together so we would do that and so on top of that we would have a water member and then a baton and then horizontal boards which purpose is only to prevent the membrane from getting hit by UV so it basically improves the longevity of the roof so as a result you get basically an all-solid roof that's out of one material that if it's thick enough basically is going to last as in that school 90 minutes or 110 minutes and this is sitting on some properly sized rafters actually here that was intended to be a solid slab so it's structural you have a solid slab you don't even need rafters and we're thinking Nick actually came from this means your comprehensive thinking because I was impressed when you started talking about your own family and you taking care of their health and saying healthiness not in case of only a fire we don't want them to inhale all this toxic lemonade stuff but also in case of when there's not a fire which we hope will be the forever case right and this is where Nick come from Nick basically came from from a tragic family experience where a close family member got sick that he said I want to make a building that keeps my family healthy so it's this sort of comprehensive thinking that life safety isn't just not preventing people from getting killed but it's also keeping people healthy to begin with our house we have a little house in the country but we have a lot of windows and the wind and the light comes through we have bamboo floors we have solid wood and we have a nice garden with fruits and vegetables outside and we think those are some pretty important features of life for being healthy exactly and that's that comprehensive thinking I love so much about you the picture is looking at that project primitiva from the outside and so what is basically the bare bones is the naked structure that you see and it's basically these very industrial twin tees double tees that you use for parking garages at Walmart and at Home Depot and at Costco and we flip them and so if you can get the next picture the little detail on the left is showing that due to that the flange is projecting out and then pushed back is the web so the fire is basically you have to crawl around it and you say this is perfect because it prevents by nature of the tectonics the vertical fire spread that's good whenever there's an overhang, a walkway or an eyebrow that is going to prevent vertical fire spread on the exterior so the next picture is because I wish we wouldn't have to show it but we have to show it because there was a recent very tragic event here which was the Marco Polo Building basically on fire and I know you guys are still struggling with saying for new buildings fire sprinklers have to be installed but also to me encouraging is that you say also don't do the automatic enclosed hallways and trapped spaces because that is trapping us and trapping people right well we did tell the city council when they asked us to prioritize the building which they had said the taller the building is and the more units it has per floor with an enclosed corridor throughout the building those are going to be risk factors really and now you've got to overcome that the compartmentation of materials or fire protection and notification systems and a good safe egress path and it's not easy to do all those things and it gets expensive but you make it easy for the people which with a great innovation that we're going to close the show with but before that we want to keep dreaming for a little while longer and the next picture is an element that we all know that's so abundant here and that you guys love which is water fire with water and so the next primitiva project that you're part of is the next picture we call it well the curtain wall we have a problem because it's glazed but what about a water curtain wall and of course we come from a poetic angle as we were saying you cut out the poetics it's not a building right so a waterfall here in Hawaii or my partner Suzanne way back in Brazil in a waterfall she's the muse and inspiration of the project and so the next picture also pragmatics inform the project which way back on the expo in 2000 in my hometown the whole main screen where they're projected on was a water curtain wall where the landscape architect top right picture is the World Trade Center Memorial recently opened and the goal was to make it look like Niagara Falls but use the least amount of water and they got it accomplished and last but not at all east down there in San Francisco the Mbacadero Center has a water feature where the pool overflows and it gives this totally clear and crystal you know water screen that you think it's glass which I checked out with a Nathan Toothman or a hero with his elevated structure so next picture and last picture of that sequence hopefully then sort of the building that comes out of that isn't so sort of postmodernly you know want to look like something you know from the culture and you know of the but but it's sort of more logically does it right so not just on the surface I want to look like why is the Hawaiian term for water and so that's the name you know of that of that glass tower we showed at the building but make a building that really uses water and hopefully in multiple ways we can generate our irrigation maybe our gray water and other things and as an aside effect you got your whole interior envelope basically sprinkler right that would be cool I was just thinking well you make it through that water and you're safe you just got wet you can't catch on fire it's going to stop whatever is chasing you so let's go down to the you know ground a little bit because these are all great visions but they're supported already by something you came up with and we start with the next table and go for the couple and please explain what that is okay so I'm not going to take credit this was started by Graham Dan away who is one of our senior fire protection engineers in the state of Hawaii he did work with me and some other members of the residential fire safety advisory committee that was formed at the urging of the city council and we looked at well how could you decide if an existing high rise building was safe it's really a problem across the whole country they put up high rises back in the last century in Hawaii really from the 50s 60s on and the big tall buildings and they're staying there and then we have a big fire like the Marco Polo or the interstate building etc and how could people know if they're safe so we made an evaluation on the first page on this table one we looked at the first thing you got to look at is people's ability to get themselves out are they fast are they a little slower do they need assistance and or can they not move themselves now that's pretty extreme that's like a hospital right and that's where this idea came from this rating was developed so you can figure out if a hospital is safe and we're really looking at the occupants who live there and the firefighters who come to rescue them so you can input some scores the next thing we're looking at is the occupant load and that people live on each zone or each floor if you're a skinny building got four units you might only have 12 or 15 but if you're a big building like the Marco Polo that we showed earlier you might have 50 or more people some Asian countries might have hundreds of people on that floor that's a challenge and lastly we looked at where the fire might occur and this is really height you're going to see this in another video on the following slide we're looking at where the fire would take place and the higher the building the harder it is to work imagine the elevators got to take people at top and if the elevator fails firefighters got to climb and that's what was the hardship at the Marco Polo firefighters have to climb up all the floors wearing 100 pounds of gear several times and that's what we look at we had about 17 safety factors and I'll cover some of them that's on table 19 and that's on table 19 or I can even look at it from here and kind of go through it we look at the construction type the building is fire resistive made out of concrete or protected steel it's less likely to burn now it's the things inside the buildings that burn but really you don't want the building to fall down and it's more important and at what height the next thing we look at is interior finish of the corridors and exits and we're going to say you have something that is listed carpet and paint it won't let flames spread quickly and which we avoid in primitiva purposely right and you avoid in primitiva and by the way it's worse when you have an interior enclosed place so you're going to hear this a few times smoke and fire to dissipate you want water to put out smoke and fire you want air and wind to put out smoke and fire you don't want to collect it and let it build up so that's the same thing with corridor walls and unit separation so of course if you got concrete between units and corridors well that's going to stop fire longer than drywall will but solid wood is pretty good too if you've got holes through that you've got a problem or if you decided to lacquer a nice bamboo panel with something you picked up to the hardware store that's not good and then there are the doors to the corridor this is very very important and any high rise building you've got to have a solid door that stays closed and that means you need to have a closure that will automatically close it there's nothing that helps spread a fire faster then open doors either to a corridor or going out to the stairwell those are all meant to be closed exit access the first thing that firefighters look for when they check a building is how do you get out the longer the way that you have to get out the tougher and so you don't want any problems with the way out you want it clear and you want it short as possible later on we'll talk about lighting you want it lighted you want to know the way to go vertical openings are something that everybody doesn't always think of but plumbing chases or other construction that was left unsealed can leave holes between floors if that is not sealed up and that's what the elevator chef in the stairwell is of course too and that's why it's very important that they are separated from the rest of the building absolutely it must be sealed up tight absolutely and that's where unfortunately getting to the end of the show although I could listen to you much longer and that's the exciting part of that we can make this an excel sheet so we can make this available and it's available because it's intended to be used for people so since we run out of time can we have the last picture because I want to thank you again for having been here I want to thank you already for being with me tomorrow again you going to visit us? yeah I sure will I'll be there I'm going to put in a plug for fire sprinklers they're really a good thing and they can be beautiful you don't have to hide them I'll probably be telling the doctoral students about that tomorrow not to forget I'm looking forward to seeing you first sketch which we saw they were already in there that was when Les Campers our buddy came in and basically did the first class and now the students are so excited to present to you where they are and get your great input so thank you again so much Socrates I really appreciated all your support and being this great teamwork of easy breezy no human humane inclusive planet and people friendly architecture on the island that's so much appreciated your great inspiration and motivation thank you we're all a community together we live in a place that's based on aloha remember if we all aloha each other we'll be in an aloha community exactly well thank you so much and see you guys next week back with the Soto Brown we're talking about what we were talking about it's going to be tactical tectonic decisions on the island how we build and until then please stay cool like chief sock see you next week