Hey, what's up folks and welcome back to another layer by layer in today's video We're gonna take a look at this three printed stand for the Adafruit fun house So this is a little stand and this is the Adafruit fun house It's a little PCB with a display some built-in sensors for doing home automation And it's based off of the ESP 32 s2 really nice chip and has circuit Python and Arduino support So I had this little this little stand you might have seen something like this before but what I've done here differently Is I have this really cool? brick texture and the brick texture is sort of a homage to The Wizard of Oz so you can see here that the PCB artwork by Philip progress has a lot of that Vibe going to it so putting a brick texture made a lot of sense and even more so the yellow brick road You got some gold filament going on here. So let me show you folks the The learn guide for it. So if you want to pick this up and kind of Print it out. You can do so by hitting over to the learn guide The fun house is available. It's in stock right now. If it's not a stock You can sign up to get notified when it is in stock and there's tons of projects being work Already for it and more projects that are being worked on for it So really cool way to automate some home automation projects And then the learn guide is this one over here So you want to get the STLs and just print it right away You can do that or you can download the fusion 365 if you really want to tweak it and stuff But in today's tutorial, I want to show you how I used kind of two new features in fusion 360 to create the brick texture So in fusion 360 here it is we have a 3d model of the of the fun house Which looks really great It's got all of the components on the back there and it has these built-in standoffs It makes it really easy to attach to any type of Stand or wall mount, but here's that brick texture. It looks real nice and I'll take a look at Before it's just kind of looking at this as a standalone stand I do have a tutorial from a maybe a couple months maybe in a year ago that showed that walks through how to create this with sketches sketch constraints and Sketch dimension so I definitely recommend checking that out because I'm more talking about like using the in-boss feature in the new thin extrude feature But it's very much the same kind of recipe to create this stand. It is parametric We have some user parameters So if we ever wanted to adjust the thickness the length the width or even the viewing angle We cannot change that all up with our user parameters that I have set up here. Cool But I really want to focus on like how I created the brick texture, right? So let's take a look here at the timeline and look at the kind of sketch So I really have just one really two but one main sketch that that Generates the brick texture and we'll take a look at it here So I have some it started off as a rectangle and then I added a line in the middle of it And then some lines that are parallel with it. So my here we go Let me change my selection filters real quick select all there we go So you can see here. I have a rectangle, right and then I have these This line in the middle with the midpoint constraint And that kind of creates the rows or yeah, yeah the rows of the bricks And now when I'm when I was building this out I was I was adding more lines than I needed and I just kept cutting back until I had the essential lines That I need to create my pattern. It's really hard to visualize that So I recommend like building out your whole pattern and then cutting back away Until you figure out what is the main things that needs to be here to create this pattern So to create the kind of columns. I have the bricks just have this style where Every row they're kind of staggered right every other row they match But they stagger the rows that are right next to each other So that's why I have this line here and if we look at the sketch dimension It takes this user parameter called brick length and it divides it by two So then if you look at the second row this line, it says brick length so that's kind of establishing the spacing for these bricks and these right here these three lines are creating the rows for a brick and It's it's worth noting like I'm not building the bricks I'm building the grout because the grout is something that I'll be able to select as One selection as one profile and that's really critical when you're using The emboss features which which creates that texture. So now that I have my sketches I needed to create some extrudes and their newest addition to the extrude is you can now do thin extrudes So while I was building this out I needed to separate my extrusions so that I can use multiple Rectangular patterns to create this this brick pattern Be just because of the way that like the columns are separate than the rows and they have Different spacing so that's why I had to do these individually. So the first extrude does the lines that create the rows and Then the second extrude is what creates The the columns right right next to each other and you'll notice that I kind of skip the first one, but let's take a look at the at the extrude You want to select the thin extrude type. So this is a new addition to the extrude feature So once you have that selected now you can start selecting just single lines It doesn't have to be just a single line. It goes to be single curves. So that's good to know You want to have the chaining Thing selected as well and then the main thing we want to sit here is the distance Which really is like how much of an extrude you want and then how much of a thickness do you want for your walls? Now as I was playing around with this I needed to kind of adjust the wall thickness So that's why I have this user parameter called grid brick I could have called it wall thickness or grout thickness or something But that's just what I named it and then the next thing is you kind of want to when I'm building my patterns with just single lines I always think of the extrude or the thicken as a symmetrical thing So it's nice that you can select either side one too But for this type of pattern you want to do a center wall location So that way it keeps it nice and symmetrical with with some of the other things So that's the first extrude the sec so that creates individual bodies and then the next extrude will combine them So what's cool about this is it kind of you if with the operation join you can kind of combine all of these individual bodies in one Body and that kind of is doing three things. You're you're extruding your wall thickening and You're joining so you're kind of merging all that together in this one thing And it's important again to have these separate because I need to have independent Rectangular patterns to create this single body. So with that created I end up with one body And now I can start using these two extrudes to create my rectangles, right? So the next one is doing the The columns so you can see here It's just creating a rectangular pattern and let's take a look at the rectangle pattern and see what user parameters I'm using here So you can see here. I have the object selected, which is just this extrude here That's what creates the columns and then I have a direction set, which is just one of these lines The distance type is at the spacing because that's the type of spacing we want one consistent spacing Right now there is a hard-coded value of quantity So I have four depending on the scaling of your you know of your of your texture This this is going to have to adapt and change and then the user parameter here is the brick length That's the distance that I want and I didn't have to do any division or anything like that because it's kind of already baked into Into that first thing there And then for the quantity I for the second quantity because you can do multiple or extrudes But because I mean multiple patterns, but because we're have individual spacing. I'm using two different ones So that's really it for that first one So once that's set I use another rectangular pattern to patternize this because what we have here is basically a set of Two rows in a couple of columns. So with that, let's look at the second The second rectangular pattern you see in my timeline Be just because of the nature of what's going on here. It makes them It does some extra things that we don't need but we do get a single body that is our entire Our entire pattern right or texture and if we look at the surface of this thing It's just one surface which is perfect for the emboss feature. So again, we're not creating bricks We're creating the grout and with the grout we can now apply this Project that onto the surface and create a cut so that the cut Once once the grout gets cut away from the surface those things that are left behind become the brakes, right? so instead of like just Using this the surface we actually have to create a sketch and project in this surface into that sketch So really easy to do that You can just select the surface hit the create sketch button and depending on how you have if you have auto Projections turned on or off. It'll just do it, but I have it turned off So I create the sketch and then just select the thing and then make a project sketch So this is what it looks like your sketch will have blue line or purple purple lines indicates that it is reference geometry So that's that's why it's purple. It just lets you know that. Hey, this is being projected from a body And that's what we want again.  So that's really cool. So now that we have the sketch We can start using our emboss. So let's look at the first emboss That's what it looks like if I double-click on it. You can see the values in here We're just selecting one sketch first, which is the grout, right? Then we got from our solid body I do want to have the tangent change should be selected Really, this is three surfaces, but with the chain selection it'll kind of Merge these three into one surface so it can go across that and it's this fillet that allows that to be a chain surface Wow, my extrude just got weird So yeah, so that's that's how it's able to kind of Apply it across three different Three different surfaces because this fillet kind of creates a tangent chain So that's that's what's going on there And then you can change the effect So if you want it to be a cut or an extrude they call it a deboss or an emboss So this is really a deboss but an emboss is is the name of the feature and then for the depth I'm using a I'm using the brick grid just to be consistent. So that's half of a millimeter now Really important the alignment. These are sort of think of it as offsets So I did have to kind of hard code some offsets just to kind of Avoid sort of weird chewed up geometry So if you look at the corner here, you'll see what I'm talking about like if you were to zero out these alignments It tends to kind of chew up those corners because just just because like it just needs to shift over a little bit So thankfully the alignment is built into the emboss. So you don't have to change the sketch You can just you can just fudge these numbers here until you have a placement That looks good and you really want to kind of look at all the services Because there could be some problems here because we're just creating texture, but it is creating new geometry So that's so that's working there and that's the first emboss We need two embosses because I wanted to have it on the on the back side as well But what's cool about the emboss is you can just kind of reuse the same sketch. So that's what I did here I didn't have to create another sketch. I just use that same sketch And you need and even though the sketch is like a little bit offset from where it needs to be the emboss doesn't care It's it's still working So let me go into this one and you'll notice that The the kind of the length of the surface is different. So that's why it has different alignments so you'll see here that it's it's it's fairly different and it Because of the like the additional lengths of the surface You'll see that the the texture actually cuts off right here and right here, which actually works okay for me like I think that's okay But Every here you can see that in the front side it it doesn't quite it kind of goes over The surface, but I think that's fine. You could you could play around with the numbers But for me it didn't really matter. So that's kind of why I left it I'm using the same depth brick grid and that's really it just a couple of different alignment features and You know have the same consistent Depth and it looks pretty much the same. They kind of line up pretty nice too now that looks great It looks cool, but to add more depth. I wanted to chamfer out these surfaces right now. You can start selecting the brick Because if you were to print this as is this prints on the side by the way it would have these overhang geometry and It would work, but like I think adding chamfers would make it look much more smooth and give it more depth So There are over 100 maybe even 300 individual brick surfaces And using the chamfer tool normally you think like oh, I have to select edges, right? Well, the latest updates to the chamfer tool you can select surfaces So what I was able to do is instead of selecting each individual surface I used a couple tools to make this easier, right? So here's the chamfer it was applied and If I go into it fusion is going to think about 100 different faces. It just does right like I How did you select so many faces, right? Well, there's some tools that you can use to make it easier so I'm going to hit cancel because There are some bad things that could happen if I put the wrong number in But if you look under the select drop down window, you can see that you have this thing called selection filters This allows you to kind of filter out some of the things that you don't want to select And in this case, we want to select faces So what I'll do is I'll hit the select all and that'll deselect everything And now I only want to select body faces That'll make it so it only allows me with the cursor to select faces That is good because we want we don't want to select anything else The next thing is to use the paint select tool. So this allows you just Use your cursor to kind of paint out these selections So this worked out better than having to select 99 faces It just makes it easier because you could just kind of do a marquee selection and it'll only select those faces So that's really nice. So that's how I was able to kind of select all of them So because there was some weirdness going on I had to kind of break this up into two chamfers because then it would have been this too much for fusion So I have these the backside has its own chamfer and this one worked out better because if you look here I kept getting an error on this brick I think it has to do with this right here this little piece of geometry there So I just selected that and did its own independent chamfer and it worked out fine fusion was able to figure out How to smooth out this little corner here and that's because there's a rounded edge And I just wanted the rounded edges Because it just felt better more clean But that's it you can you can do as many chamfers as you want But it's cool that you can use something like a selection filter and the the paint select tool To just to select hundreds of surfaces and I you know, I didn't want to do the bottom because it's going to stand up like that but That's how I got the brick texture Now you notice like where the mounting holes the mounting holes came after because I was as I was doing it I kept running into issues where the emboss tool kept bugging out and that's like a fair warning Like if you were to change any any values here Radiuses thicknesses your emboss is going to freak out because there's just too many things going on so word of advice Dial in the shape the proportions the mounting holes all the things that you want and then treat your texture as a last thing But in this case, I kind of had to apply The emboss first and then the mounting holes. So let me show you so then so the first Extrude shows like these these mounting holes and the reason why I made it made these mounting holes in extrusion Is because without it it looked the geometry just looked weird because of the way the grout Is so I have this extruded out a little bit more. Let me show you the sketch too for the mounting holes The mounting holes has its own sketch That worked out well for me, but these numbers here are basically the distances that are that were used For creating the pcb. So that's that those that's where I got these numbers from It's actually the same mounting hole Line distances to the to one of the raspberry pies, which is kind of a side note But yeah, that's that's the sketch that's created here to create these these standoffs Now what's cool about the extrude is you can apply a tapered angle So I didn't have to create a chamfer. So I just did a tapered angle of negative 45 And that made these uh, and that made these standoffs looking nice and um, nice and chamfered, right?  This is kind of a thick stand, but that's just the nature of the brick But with that created, um, I did I did the m3 hole Now I want the screws to pass through so I made it a little bit bigger than m3 So it's a 3.2 millimeters and that is also a use of parameters. So if I wanted to change that I could change that too But yeah, that's the last bit there then would be to do a chamfer on those edges Just kind of round it off because it's going to be printed like that And uh, yeah, that's pretty much the last bit of it As a last kind of thing I just added the I added the fun house pcb and then I used some joints here to to attach it And then I added some screws in here From mcmaster car and then I you know, I used a rectangular pattern to make four copies And then I just stuck them in into into their places using a joint a rigid joint So that that's only there just for kind of animation purposes So if you take a look at my animation tab workspace, like you can see I kind of Created this cool animation that shows uh how the pieces uh kind of fit in there But that would be another tutorial. I have a tutorial on how to do this too So you can check that was out, but that's pretty much all I wanted to cover. Um, I guess at this point like I kind of want to show Tweaking things, but I know it's going to break the emboss feature Um, even even here I'll do an example. So let's say I want to go back Before the texture was applied right here and let's say start tweaking the viewing angle So the viewing angle is right. Oh, I don't think I added it as a user parameter. That's fine I can bring out the sketch and just change it here Oh, yeah, I have to go to select Make sure everything is selected So here we go. Let me make this 50 All right, let me make this 60 and then I'll bring it back to 70 Because that's where it was, right? So even though I've changed it back Fusion has to recalculate the emboss stuff and it doesn't really do a good job of it because Just because there's a lot of stuff going on you can see down here I don't know if you can see that because my face might be covering it But it has a computing emboss and it's just chugging away. It's like uh That that looks okay. Let's see if the chamfers though because the chamfers tend to kind of bug out to So again, my my warning is to just tweak and do the tweaks and stuff after you've Before you've you've applied this texture. It looks like it's okay. I think it did it fine Sometimes it messes up but in this This is nice that it didn't But if it does you can go back into the emboss and just select or deselect what you need But yeah, that seems to work fine Cool. I hope you guys learned something definitely check out using thin extrude. I use that so much in my workflow I'm so glad that the the fusion team has added that to the extrusion and then emboss I just keep finding new ways to kind of break the emboss tool, which is really nice too But hey, I hope you guys check it out. Check out the fun house if you're doing iot projects home automation projects Or just need a screen and a quick way to add sensors. The aid for fun house might be the board you're looking for Thank you guys so much for watching. Let me know what you guys think of this one I will see you in the next one, but until then Remember to make a yellow brick road day Bye folks


Hey, you just found the world's number one fitness health entertainment podcast on YouTube. This is mind pump. Okay. Today's giveaway is awesome. So in order to enter into this contest, here's what you got to do. Leave a comment in the first 24 hours we dropped this podcast, make it a good comment. If we pick your comment as the best one, you'll win a free maps workout program of your choice. Any program that we have, you pick it. You'll win it if you get your comment picked. But in order to get into these contests, by the way, you got to know when these podcasts go up. So subscribe to this channel and turn on notifications. So you know, when we post the podcast, then you can comment and win a chance to win all kinds of awesome stuff. Also, one more thing before we get to the podcast, we are running a sale 50% off two workout programs and 50% off one workout program bundle. The programs on sale are maps hit maps split. And the bundle that's on sale is the bikini bundle. You can learn more at maps, fitness, products.com. By the way, for that discount, you have to use the code spring break. All right. Enjoy the podcast. I had a client, an old client of mine, reach out to me. And she'd been training for a very long time. Super like advanced, like we trained years ago together. She could be a trainer herself to level it. She's at now. But she just got enrolled not that long ago to maps and a ball can started falling and she was like messaging me like, Oh my God, like the gains that she was getting. And she's like, this is crazy. And I was explaining to her that, you know, this is where even when somebody is advanced, you know, exercise really well, that there's still a lot of value in following something that's organized and structured for you, especially from somebody else. And I know that I'm as guilty of this because as trainers, you know, obviously we've taught hundreds, maybe thousands of exercises. So I have plenty to pull from, but just having something organized for me. That's not, I don't have my bias in it that I, I decide I'm going to do this today. It's somebody else saying, Hey, follow this. It's, it's amazing how, how much that still benefits somebody who, who understands exercise. Well, yeah, cause we get in our own way a lot of the times.  You can already see like what areas like you're, you're going to end up inevitably because it's just your patterns.  And so to be able to break, you know, your own habits in general is, is massively valuable. Yeah. Following a program has tremendous value for, and that's obvious that it's got a lot of value for beginners, right? A beginner doesn't know much, doesn't know about much about their body or exercise. And so for them, it's important that they follow a program. But it's valuable for even an intermediate and advanced for advanced, for the reasons you guys are talking about. Uh, when you work out for a long time, you have a tendency, and I don't care who you are. Okay. Uh, if you're self-aware and maybe not realize this during the workout, like me, during the workout, you could ask me this, and I'd be like, no, I don't know what I'm doing when my ego is flared, right? But ask me afterwards. And it's very true that I tend personally to go in a specific direction and I tend to neglect certain things. We tend to do what we like and what we're good at and neglect the things that sometimes we need to be doing. Yeah. And this can, this poses a problem. Either it can increase your risk of injury or at the very least it reduces your ability to really progress in progress. Do you guys remember the first like structured program that you followed? Do you remember what it was? Oh, yeah. Or where you got it? Oh, geez. You know what's funny is mine was actually a Ben Pekolski.  Was it really? My MI-40 thing. Dude, how, I did not know that. You guys probably didn't know that this is because one of my friends really wanted to get into bodybuilder style training. And I was like, I didn't know. Like back then I was just all sports and had no idea what that looked like. And so yeah, we bought his program and went through it and just did like all the bodybuilder, hypertrophy moves you could possibly think of. Now, before that, though, you followed your coaches program. Yes. Okay. And they would tell you what to do and all that stuff. Right. Okay. But then after that, you got, that was when you got. Yeah, but now some totally different that I hadn't done before. Yeah. But another question related to that, how was your coaches programming back then? Were they at the level that they are now? It depended on the coach. Like in high school, we had a pretty, a pretty solid coach who actually structured a lot of like organ states programming and was responsible for some of that. And so we had some really good, you know, like basic general programming and design for weightlifting. And so I actually learned a lot of the core lifts and like the foundational, you know, skill of it.  It makes a huge difference to follow a well written program. What about you, Sal? My first one was Arnold Schwarzenegger's Encyclopedia of Bodybuilding. Well, actually, let me take a step back. My very first program before even worked out in the backyard where my dad had all the free weights, I had a set of dumbbells at the age of 12. They were the plastic ones that were filled with cement. They were like eight pounds or whatever. And it came with this pamphlet and in there were the exercises that you needed to do. And I would just wake up in the morning and do these exercises. The first like real program was I pulled out of Arnold Schwarzenegger's Encyclopedia of Bodybuilding. So I followed that. Did he have actually organized programs? Oh, it did. Yeah, so I couldn't remember. Yeah. So in the back, you would give like his beginner routine, his intermediate routine, his advanced routine. I did that for a while. The next organized program that I followed was in heavy duty. This is Mike Menser's bodybuilding book. So I followed that one. After that, I started kind of creating my own programs. And then later on, I followed what's his name? Steve Reeves had a workout. John Grimmick, some of those old schools. I just remembered one, too. Joe DeFranco's Power. He used to have like these DVDs. And when I was in football training specifically, he was like one of the only ones out there putting programming for that for the off season. So that was one of them that I took that had was really actually a good program. How about you, Adam? So I actually, I never followed a program until until after I was a trainer. Before that, I would, I would get workouts out of like the muscle magazines. Oh, so I'm going to do chess. Let me follow this. Yes. Yeah. So I subscribed to those magazines or I'd bought them at grocery stores. So I always had stacks of them laying around and whatever body part I was going to work out, I would pull from a magazine and I would just follow that. It wasn't until a body for life that I actually followed really structure program. And I saw a great result. That was actually my first like aha moment of, oh, the value of actually following something that was structured like that.  I was a trainer. Yeah. I was a trainer that that was doing either pulling from these workouts in the magazine or thinking I could just put my own. Yeah. Cause what ends up happening when you're not following a program that's written out is you go to the gym and let's say normally the program would say you're doing, you know, 20 reps of each set for someone like me. If it's in the program and I'm following the program, I'll do it. If it's not in the program, I'm going to go to the gym and be like, I'll do five. I think I'll go heavy and do five because that's what I like to do. Right. And so these are some of the problems you run into and of course for beginners. Look, there's there's and this is with anything, any endeavor that you pick up on and try to get better at there are four stages of learning that you move through no matter what it is. And we're applying this now to training your body and in this again, it applies to anything you learn. But the first stage, you are unconsciously incompetent. Now, what does that mean? That means that you don't know what you don't know. You don't know. Yeah, you literally go into working out and you have no idea the mass, you know, amount of information and things that you don't know. You don't even know that there's lots of exercises for legs or chest or hamstrings or biceps. Right. You probably think it's very basic and simple. I go in, I lift weights. That's going to help me build muscle.  I eat less. I'm going to burn fat. It's like to that level. Right. The next stage, very quickly, you move from one to two very quickly to go from unconscious and competence. You don't know what you don't know to consciously becoming incompetent. In other words, you move it, you go to the gym, you start working out and then very quickly like, oh, I don't know a lot of stuff. Yeah. There's a lot of stuff that I don't know. The third stage takes some time. But when you get there, this is where a lot of people get stuck. This is conscious competence. Conscious competence means that you have to really think about what you're doing. You have to really think about the exercises, the techniques, the wraps, the sets. You have to really pay attention to what you're doing. The fourth stage, this is where everybody wants to end up and this takes some time to get to. And this is where you're unconsciously competent. This is the zone, right? Where, you know, if you look at like a professional basketball player, they don't think about the moves that they're doing on the court. They're not thinking about how they're shooting or where they're, it's just instinctual in essence to what they're doing. It's made its way into your subconscious. That's right. And so when you follow a program, it helps move you through these stages in a very effective and efficient way with far less difficulty challenges and problems. Now, here's the deal. Let's say you've been working out for a long time. Let's say you're like me, right? I've been doing this forever, professionally for over 20 years. But I mean, just for myself, I've been doing this for almost 30 years, just working out. So I could confidently say, I'm in that fourth stage most of the time, which is unconscious competence. But here's the deal. Oftentimes, my own ego, my own experience, my own whatever, my own preferences gets in the way. And what I need to do is follow a program to move me back to stage three. I have to focus and be conscious about being competent. I have to, okay, I got to work on this mobility. Okay, I need to work on these exercises that I neglect or whatever that is. I need to be conscious about this. I have to go back to step three to move back to step four. And this is a process that you'll end up going through for the rest of your life. I feel like this is the exact same thing that happens with eating and nutrition. Yes. You know, you may be, you may understand what a protein carb and fat is. You may understand exactly how many calories you need to build muscle or burn body fat. But at one point, what ends up happening, and this still happens to me today, is life changes a little bit. You get older, you have less muscle, you have more muscle, you have a new job, like you're not training as intensely, whatever things change. And even though I'm very, very familiar with what my body needs, I always underestimate or overestimate what I'm currently consuming. And then when I go back and track, it makes me aware again of like, oh, wow, this is actually. You go back to step three or stage three to move back to stage four. Just like working out. You get to evaluate your actual application of it. Yes. And now here's a funny thing, right? So again, it's obvious that beginners gain tons of value from following a well-written workout program. But believe it or not, the people that tend to be the most consistent with following programs are advanced. This is true. Go talk to a competitive power lifter or a bodybuilder or somebody at a very high level of training. And what you'll find are people that are following written, structured workout programs that are given to them by other coaches. So the value, my point with all of this is the value of following a program applies to everyone. And I think we should break down more specifically what some of those values are. What some of the values are of following something that's written out for you. Well, I think the first thing that's most important, if it's a well-written program, is it will keep you from either under-training or over-training. Yes. The right amount of volume and scaling that correctly. You know, it's funny about what you're saying. So for me, following a program prevents me from under-training my legs because my legs respond so easily that I have a tendency to under-do that. And it prevents me from over-training certain parts of my upper body that I have a tendency to want to keep working out. Because if it's in writing and you know I'm doing ten sets, when you're done with the ten set, if you're somebody that has a proclivity to over-train, you're done with your ten sets, if you're not following a program, you'll be like, I'm going to do more. I'm going to go harder. It's so revealing in the beginning, you know, to go through that and like go through somebody's protocol and realize too, like where the right dose intensity-wise really is for you, like versus what I thought I could, you know, my output was or what my volume really is, like, to go through and like follow exact structure of something like a lot of times it brings to the forefront what you might not even know about yourself. Yeah, you know, Adam, I want to ask you, you talked about your client friend who's been working out for a long time and you said she followed Maps Anabolic and it's working real well for her. Do you think it's helping her prevent herself from over-training or under-training? I think because I know her and I know what she tends to do, I think over-training, which is similar to me too. Like, so it's rare that I'm not doing enough volume for a muscle group. It's almost always, I'm over-training, either too much volume or too much intensity. And I think that just goes back to my athletic background. As an athlete, like, it's always about push the next level. You're trying to adapt for the sport. You want to be always stretching yourself. And it's tough to take that athletic mindset out of programming for training. And so I always have a tendency. I mean, we just, we talked recently on the podcast because we've been consistently now, I think we're on month three or so of all of us training together in the morning. And no matter how many times I've done this and know that I continually do this, I still did it again, which is I start, I feel good. I feel good. I want to ramp up. I see you guys putting more weight on the bar. And so I start throwing more weight on the bar and I start adding more days in my routine and picking up the intensity. And then before you know it, all of a sudden I start feeling stuff. I start feeling stuff in my knees and in my hips. And so I, the following, and of course, I'm not following a program to a T right now. I'm going off how I feel and I feel good. So I'm going to keep adding to it, right? Until my body tells me otherwise. And I think people that are very self-motivated and like to train or have an athletic background, I think it's most common they go that direction. And then on the other hand, you have the people who tend to under train, right? They, they're not super fitness fanatics. They're working out because it's good for the health. They finally have made the mental shift to say, okay, I want to take care of myself. This is important. So they go to the gym and then they do, you know, a couple of things here and there. And they're like, I think I'm, I think I'm done. Versus if they had a routine that said, no, you have another exercise, you have to work on these angles of your body to train yourself in this particular way. Well, you see this a lot too in the biohacking kind of community where like everything's about like work efficiency. But then how can I also try and add, you know, the least amount of exercising to be able to keep me in good shape. And so there's this like tendency towards like, how, you know, how little can I potentially do to have an effect on myself. And so you might find yourself in, you know, training not enough. Well, there's a difference, right? There's a difference between exercise and then training. Like training, you have a goal in mind, you're trying to progress your headings somewhere where exercise can be a lot of different things. It could be Zumba and you could just exercise extra. If you're just moving to move and to burn calories, then it's not that important. Then you can just go in and do these kind of whatever and go how you feel. And hey, you know what? That's pretty good. It's better than most people. That's not a bad place to be. But most people are going in and they're exercising, but then they have goals in mind. They wanna look different. They wanna lose body fat. They wanna build muscle, but they're exercising and they're not training in like what their goal is. Right, training is you're training for a specific adaptation. Strength, endurance, stamina, mobility, exercising exactly like you said, Adam, I'm just in here moving. You can't exercise and have a specific goal. If I'm in the gym just moving, but my goal is to maximize my deadlift strength, I'm not gonna get very far. There's nothing structured. There's nothing pointing me in that direction. I'm just moving. A lot of specificity. That's right, I'm just moving. So that structure provides you the ability to specifically target a particular adaptation. A big part of that is training with the right dose. Cause here's the deal. This is how exercise works, right? If you, there's a perfect dose that will give you the best results. Anything less than that will give you less results. Anything more than that will give you less results. There is no such thing as the more is better when it comes to exercise. It's the right dose. And one of the best ways to hit the right dose, especially if you have a tough time being self-aware, if you have a tendency to underdo it or like I do, overdo it. It's good to follow something that's already written. It's almost like it's in stone. All right, this is what I'm doing. Okay, now I'm supposed to be done. I know I wanna do more. Program says this, I'm gonna trust the programming and it prevents me from overtraining. Well, yeah, and it helps to organize your efforts in a more specific fashion. So, you know, to that point, a lot of people come in and they just wanna lose weight, but they also wanna gain muscle. And they wanna have a lot of like conflicting goals. I wanna have, you know, more endurance on my runs, but I also wanna build muscle and to really like hone it down to, you know, what's the most important thing to attack first? And how do I do that in the most effective way possible? A lot of times it's, you know, following a program is gonna help you get there. Well, you remember when we first launched Maps and Abolic? I mean, what was the number one conversation we all had to tell you? I can do more. Yes, always. It's almost always, especially that program, because in it you have the pre-phase where you're only doing two days a week. You had a lot of people that originally found us before we started to reach kind of the masses.  So they're already into kind of working out. They find Mind Pump, they see this program, we write, and they're like, oh, I can do way more than this. Well, I trust the program. Yeah, just follow the program. But this is what you need to do. And of course, people are blown away. Another thing that it does is it really helps prevent you from neglecting the things that you don't like to do. So here's a great example, right? The guy that doesn't wanna work out his legs, you know? It's funny, when I, back early when I was a trainer, I used to train people a lot on body part splits. Of course, later on I did full body workouts because they were more effective. But in the early days, I had body part split clients. And it was always funny, whenever my male clients would cancel, it always fell on a leg day. It was never chest or arm day. It was always like- It was crazy cold today. Yeah, and I would always get this. Like, hey, I'll see you tomorrow, John. Okay, what are we working tomorrow? Oh, we're hitting legs. Oh, okay. And then of course, they get the call that night. Hey, listen, I can't make it or whatever. But I'll be there Thursday for shoulders. You know what I mean? It got to the point where I used to move the day. That's right. I don't know, you move legs. Yeah, we're still on legs. Yeah, no matter what's going on. But a lot of people have this issue. We also, I would have female clients who neglect body parts like shoulders or back or arms because they're like, I don't wanna get big arms or I don't wanna. So they would get these lower bodies that were developed but then they'd get bad posture and issues with their upper body because they weren't training their upper body. Well, you said this just the other day when we were training, I actually heard you say this, whether you were talking to me or just talking to yourself out loud. But you were training legs and you had organized what you wanted to do before you came in to work out. And because you did that, you were committed to following.  I could sit down and be very, very, you know, I can look at my past training for the last two months and go, okay, I'm missing a little bit of this. I'm neglecting that. So tomorrow's workout, I'm doing this, this, this and this, like I need to do those things. If I commit to that before I go into the gym, I'm gonna do it because I committed to that. Just like as if I had a program that said I needed to do these things versus oh, tomorrow's leg day or whatever day and getting into the workout going like, okay, that's good enough. No, that's what I did. So I know exactly what you're talking about. And I was talking to myself, I had my headphones on and I was talking to myself because I know what my tendency is. And what I did was the day before because I'm not in the workout, I'm not feeling the pain, I'm not feeling whatever. For me, for legs, I have a tendency to, I can underdo it. Why? Because my legs respond so quickly. So I get away with it, right? Now they may develop really well easily but then I don't have the stamina or the performance of my legs. And so I've been telling myself the past few months, look, I want my legs to have really good performance, strength endurance and strength, which means I'm gonna have to train them really, really hard even as much as I hate doing it. So what I did the day before is I said, okay, these are the exercises I'm gonna do. These are the rep ranges I'm gonna do. Now when I go into the workout and I'm doing the workout and I'm feeling the pain and I'm like, and I wanna stop. No, I gotta do it. I said I was gonna do it. I'm gonna do it. And it's very effective at keeping me on track. And this happens to a lot of people. This doesn't just happen with body parts. This also happens with rep ranges. Maybe you're that guy who doesn't like doing anything over five reps. And you don't wanna do a 15th rep set of squats. Or maybe you're that girl who loves doing 20 reps of squats but doesn't wanna do a heavy set of three. When you rep ranges are in your program telling you, no, no, no, the next three weeks, you're training the low rep ranges or the next three weeks, you're doing high rep ranges with supersets.  Or specific exercises that you need to do that may seem mundane or like, oh, I don't wanna do that.  Like it doesn't look cool. I can't load it very much. So you avoid it, but you know damn well you should do it or it's programmed in there. Yeah, like calves for me was another big one. Like if it was in a program I would do it. It would work for me. Yeah, I have to like intentionally do it and I hate it the whole time, but I just make sure that I do it. I have to like put it out there that okay, today it's happening and then I do it. Otherwise it's one of those things I'll just conveniently avoid. Yeah, totally. And again, running gyms for as long as I did, it's funny because most people, a lot of people don't follow programs and what would you call Mondays in the gym? International what? Chest day. Chest day, right? Yeah. Because every guy was- It was my favorite day. Yeah, everybody's doing the bench press and of course the squat rack back in those days had dust all over it and nobody was using it. So it makes a big difference to follow a program just to prevent you, just simply to prevent you from neglecting certain aspects of your training, which by the way, okay, one of the number one reasons why you're not progressing as fast as you could be or one of the reasons why you're not progressing at all is because there's something you're neglecting that you don't like to do, whether it be mobility or a rep range you don't like to do or an exercise or a type of exercise or body parts that you don't like to train, that's probably one of the reasons why your body's not progressing as fast as it could. Now the next thing that programs provide is this one's obvious, but it provides structure and a checklist. You know, this is a big one, especially for, I would say for beginners and intermediate because they go to the gym and then it becomes like, okay, I'm supposed to work my shoulders. I'll think I'll do some of this. I think I'll do some of that. Now here's the deal. If you took an effective workout with let's say, you know, five really effective exercises, does the order of the exercises make a difference? It does. It actually makes, it can make a very big difference one way or the other, right? So when you follow a well-written program, you have it laid out for you in the right direction, right? I'm starting with this exercise, not with this one. This is the one I end with and I'm gonna do, for example, I'll give a simple example. Not that most people would do this, but just to illustrate what I'm talking about. Let's say I was gonna do legs in core today in my workout. And in my workout, I have scheduled heavy sets of squats for 12 reps, right?  No, that's terrible idea. Some people might not know that, but it's a terrible idea. It probably gonna hurt myself or at least increase my risk of injury. Now that's an obvious one, but it happens with lots of different routines. The order of the exercises and how you follow them and the reps, all that stuff, having the structure makes a big difference. Well, it can also provide the accurate progression too, right? So one of the most common things that I do when I'm not is when I'm like, is this the third week that I've done this in a row? Or is this the fourth week? You start forgetting, like, how many times you've been running at this rep range or how many weeks you've actually done this exercise consecutively versus when I know that I'm following a program, I know what day, what week I'm on, because I'm following something that was already laid out for me versus trying to recall back in my head going, oh, I think I'm due now for low rep range. I'm not sure. You know, what story that I like that you tell is when you were at your highest level, when you were competing, how you, up until a certain point, you always guessed that you were increasing the volume of your training until you started to track and program and didn't realize. What was that experience like? Well, what I found was, and this is why I do share this on the show, because I know I can't be alone here, is this thing that we all do when we go by feel, you know, we think that we're scaling it up, like, oh, I'm pushing this workout, but what it ends up happening over the course of like a month or two months is, yeah, maybe you have week one, you have, you know, X amount of volume. So that means that sets reps, weight, which you multiply out, right? So you work out this much. And then the next week, you do a little bit more. And then the week after that, you do a little bit more, or maybe you go a little more intense. And then week four hits and, like, something happens. You miss the day in the gym or you have to cut out early or you're tired, you didn't get good sleep. And so naturally, you back off a little bit of volume, whether you meant to do it or not, or whether you feel it or not. A lot of times I would think I was scaling and I was, because I felt like it was difficult, but maybe it was difficult because I didn't sleep very well last night, not because I technically increased the volume. And when you're trying to guess like that, just like counting calories, many times you think you know what you're doing, but you have no idea until you actually track and what I would find is when I looked at it over the course of months, I kind of hovered around this same amount of volume with these ups and downs where it's like, oh yeah, I had a few weeks in a row of scaling and progressing really nice. And then I had a week or two where I come down and then back up and then maybe a few days in a row that's good and then one day that's bad. And so unless I was tracking, I didn't really have a really good idea. And one of the things that I felt really progressed my physique show over show. And that's where I had to do this, right? When I was just a trainer or a kid that wanted to look better, there wasn't this urgency of getting there. It wasn't like, you know, if I built my shoulders over the course of the next few years, hopefully I do, I'm gonna work towards it, whatever. But when you get on stage and I'm being judged and I'm competing against my peers and every show that these judges are gonna see me again, I need to show them like, okay, you saw me last time and you said, I look great, but my shoulders need a little more and my back needs a little more. I gotta make sure that the next time they see me that I can show that I've improved that. Well, the only way that I could guarantee that was that I was tracking the volume and making sure that I'm slowly progressing that. Yeah, the more focus in, you know, organized you have all that laid out. Like I remember for me just trying to increase my bench, that was like everything I wanted to focus on at the time and really paying attention and writing down, you know, what weight I ended up at and how many reps and everything, just tracking the actual load and then progressively adding even fractional weights on there.  It took me to a place I've never been before or haven't since just because I really like honed in and focused on that as being an objective goal. Yeah, so same here. So, you know, years ago, I hit up a max deadlift. I hit 600 pounds, it's the most I ever did. But the way I got there was because in the past, I would just go to the gym, I'd work out and then I'd feel, oh, I feel strong, I'm gonna go heavier or I feel strong, I'm gonna go heavier. What I did to get to 600 then is actually wrote it out and actually wrote in weeks where I would de-load. Now normally, I wouldn't do the de-load because I'd feel strong. I'm gonna go in there, I'm gonna push it anyway. And that would always cause me to plateau really hard. So instead, I would, let's say I did, you know, three reps with 500 pounds, which was hard this week. Then I wrote in there, for the next four weeks, no matter how strong you feel, you're only gonna do three reps with 500 pounds. That wouldn't happen if it wasn't written down because for me, I'd be like, oh, I think I could do four or I think I could do five. But instead, I stuck to three, stuck to three, stuck to three. Then when I got to the fifth week and I added more weight and then boom, let's see what happened. So, well, the other thing that happens too that I would find is, you know, when going off a feel, like maybe I, unless you use like your deadlift example, I go into a deadlift, this is me not tracking. Oh, I feel really strong. And then I would slap on 25, 50 more pounds. And then I get so sore that it hinders the next two workouts where I'm doing that again. Or so where is, if I just progressed just enough, just adding a couple reps or just adding a few pounds, just incrementally like that, I would never get that feeling of like, oh my God, this is gonna affect me. You're not setting yourself back. Exactly. No, no. And that's what I feel like most people do and they don't realize they do that is, they're going off a feel, oh, I feel good today. So then they reach, they overreach and then they overreaching, sure that workout looked really good. So it got, you extended or exceeded the volume and that workout and the intensity was great. But then the next time you come back around the deadlifting again, you've got to regress back because you overreach so bad. No, it helps you avoid plateaus. Typically when you progress with your workouts, it looks kind of like this. It doesn't look like this consistent linear progression.  It's like a step, right?  Good programming, well-written programming, typically written by someone other than yourself or if you really experienced you wrote it yourself when you were not in the gym, when you were more self-aware maybe at home. You calculate this out. This is all figured out in advance. Okay, I can see you here for the next three weeks. I'm writing out this program. I'm going to be going heavier and heavier. You know what that means for the next two weeks after that? I'm going to go much lighter and a little bit higher reps or whatever. But that will help your body progress. It's usually the way it's supposed to progress.  Now the next thing is that I like to talk about too, that this is all this is alluding to is the teaching process. Like really the idea always when I was training a client wasn't that I, I mean, you know, maybe my early days it was, you know, let's see how long I keep this client forever because I keep my business going. But when I became a better trainer, the goal was actually always how, how, how long does this person have to train with me before I can get them to be able to go do this on their own for the rest of their life. And so following a good program, you know, and you're not just like blindly following it, you're trying to figure out why, why am I doing all these things? You know, you're listening to a podcast like this where we talk a lot about this stuff. It's, it's the education process. It's that, that is so invaluable. Sure, following a program is going to get you more results. You're going to be more consistent. You're not going to hit plateaus the same, blah, blah, blah, all this stuff that we're talking about. But actually the most important piece is just the learning process. Oh yeah, I learned. Why am I resting this long? Why am I phasing out of this, you know, rep range I've been doing for the last three to four weeks? Like, I don't understand. I was just getting good at it, you know, all these things you're kind of working through and you're paying attention to, you know, why this is all laid out that way. This is stuff that you're going to learn that has massive effect on you later on. Yeah, and how do I feel throughout each, each segment of this, you know, well-written workout, for example. I'll give you guys an example. With the Arnold Schwarzenegger Encyclopedia Body Building Routine, I learned about angles, volume, and the pump. With the workouts I did from Mike Menser, the heavy do stuff, I learned about intensity and failure. I learned about how long it took my body to recover from failure. When I trained with the old school strength athlete routines like Steve Reeves or John Grimmick, I learned about full body workouts and their value. When I read Dinosaur Training, I remember that book, when I got that, I learned about frequency, just practicing exercises. When I followed Soviet era routines, I would go and find books on Soviet Olympic lifting. I didn't do Olympic lifting, I would apply it towards traditional resistance training exercise. I learned about, you know, moderate intensity, practicing exercises with lots of frequency. When you follow a routine, one of the best things you get from that, one of the biggest values you get, is you learn how to program for yourself because you're following something and you're getting something from it. Once you follow enough programs that are well-written, you get to the point where you start to figure these things out more and more for yourself. And then you can individualize. This is what's real important. You can start to individualize your routines. But I like to always cycle back. This is important because, again, I've been doing this for a long time, but at least once a year, if not twice a year, I will go back, follow a well, one of our routines. I think the last time I followed one of our programs, I followed Map Split. And I did it specifically because I hadn't followed a program routine in a long time. And what it did is it brought me back to, like I said earlier, that conscious competence. I had to open my phone, look at the workout. Okay, I'm doing alternating inclined dumbbell press. I'm doing alternating dumbbell rows for my back and I have to follow the routine. I said, oh, wait a minute, that's right. I feel great when I alternate with dumbbells where I feel really, really good when I do unilateral exercises. Things that I typically don't do on my own. It's just like nutrition. And if you consider yourself very advanced and very knowledgeable, I still think at the minimum every year, at least once on both those things, you should track, weigh, measure and pay attention to your food at least for one stent of the year, every single year, just to check back where you're currently at. The same thing goes for programming. If you're advanced enough that you can write your own programs, you know exercise design really well, you understand biomechanics, you get all that stuff really well, awesome. You still should follow something once a year the minimum, I think, to always kind of recalibrate. I agree. And you get to learn how to train in new ways. If you are really experienced and knowledgeable about exercise, you probably are pretty knowledgeable in one area of exercise. Like maybe you're really good with bodybuilder style training. But when it comes to powerlifting, I know squats, deadlifts and bench, but I don't really understand how powerlifters train to maximize those lifts. Follow a powerlifting routine, see what happens. Or maybe you always train like an athlete. You're all about functional training. So functional training is your thing. Maybe follow a bodybuilding routine for a few months, see how you feel, see if the added to hypertrophy, the added muscle growth, benefits your functional training, which it probably will because it all kind of ties together. Same thing with kettlebell training. You can do this with a lot of different programs and you learn about your body each time you follow one of these programs. There's no reason why you shouldn't stand on the shoulders of giants, right? There's a lot of well-written routines and programs that they're created by people who are really good at what they do. And really the best way to learn from them is through experience and to follow them. I tell you what, this is why experience is such an important teacher when you're a personal trainer because doing teaches you differently than just learning, just watching or reading. You're actually following along and doing it yourself. You really, really learn how to program for yourself by doing it this way. Yeah, it always comes back to the right individual dose. And so you could place anything in there whether it's intensity, volume, whatever metric you're paying attention to, but the only way to find that out, you're not gonna find it in a book. You're not gonna find that by a percentage formula that spits out some arbitrary number for you. You have to go do the work and you have to pay attention to your body and the signs and the signals and follow the routine and adjust the routine according to your needs. Yes, I'm glad you said that. So a couple of caveats, right? You should still listen to your body.  Here's another thing. Don't just follow any program. And I know we have our own programs that we create, but I tell you, when you go in the fitness space, one of the reasons why we wrote and created programs, when we looked in the fitness space, we saw that we're terrible. There was a need. Now we're out there. So don't just follow any programs. Some of the best workout programs are written by experienced coaches and experienced trainers because they've trained so many different people that they know how to write routines that'll benefit most people. Even people who really know how to train themselves, but have never trained lots of, I'll give you guys an example.  It was like 40 sets per body part and he had these programs that he would sell to people. And I remember all of us talking amongst ourselves like, well, I could tell that this works for him, but I could tell he's never trained anybody else because if he throws this routine at anybody, it's not gonna work. So coaches and trainers that have trained lots of people tend to have some of the best routines that you'll find anywhere because they have experienced training lots of people and they can consider these factors when they write and create these routines. Programs are not just exercises thrown together to make you sweat. Programs have a structure and they have a direction. If you follow a good powerlifting routine, it's designed to make you stronger at those three lifts that you do in competition. If it's a strongman routine, it's designed to train you to make you strong in the way that a strongman would need to be in competition. Same thing with the bodybuilding routine or a bikini competition routine or whatever, the routine that you follow, make sure again, it's written by really, really good coaches and it has a direction. It's not just make you sweat, make you tired and be super intense, which unfortunately, I guess most programs are sold that way. Check this out, go to mindpumpfree.com and check out some of our free information and free guides. We've got a lot of great information on everything from how to develop your biceps to your shoulders, your back, your legs, your core, all kinds of stuff. Again, it's mindpumpfree.com. You can also find all of us on social media, Instagram, so you can find Justin at Mind Pump Justin, me at Mind Pump Sal and Adam at Mind Pump Adam. It's not because we think cardio's bad. It's not because we don't understand the benefits of it. It's because we know that 90% of the majority of people that we train, it's not ideal for them, for the situation they're currently in. Yes, so Cardio Astro TV does have some health benefits, but if you're the, like most of the clients we worked with, and let's say you were a woman in your 40s and you want to improve-


Oh, yeah, you make pro charge. Oh, yeah. Oh, yeah Big time power. Oh, it's super charge Honestly Custom Supercharged heavy also with a torx storm It's going to make well over a thousand horsepower with this setup, is what it is. So sick.  Green bin. And you can see through the tire wall. Supercharger.  Like I said, the pulleys, they make the pulleys, even the crank pulleys, the crank pulleys you get. That's a problem. Sniper? Ready to do the speed. Big time power. Oh, it's supercharged. It's kind of crazy, because that does not look like a flash. What do you think it is, bro? I don't know, I don't know. I was going to get this in here before too. Oh my, look at this. I don't know, this is for the ram only, but it's way lower than that. I'm going to talk about this part. Look at that sun. He has a supercharger. That's awesome. Straight to the intake. And he's spraying. I wanted to spray it to be honest, bro. These P-tuners, let's go, baby. If I spray it, I don't even got to get it to a bottle here. I like these Moparlin. They know what they're doing. Look how big that intake is. Just push further back than usual. Make a part of this bottle. Make a part of this bottle. Are they swapping? Wait, what, Jenna? They have the V10. That's why they have someone who wears it. Can I talk about it? The S1310. No, no, no. This is the V8, man. There's so much room here. This thing is badass, though. I bet you sound so nasty with that, bro. I would say it's probably like a non-take-control. I don't know. I was thinking, is that big old shifter sitting up in there? Yeah, I saw that. Oh, and he's on two power riders, too. I'm gonna say it's a low. It's a low 9s. It's definitely a badass truck. Once somebody actually does these, right? I think they're cool. This guy's camera running. I think once they're done, right? That's all I saw from back there. I got excited when you said that. It was like, really? I thought it was an L.S. That's a big boy in there.


It's coming up to Valentine's Day, so today, in the surprisingly connected etymologies, we're giving you some words straight from the heart. I don't know which you prefer from your Valentine, but although a cordial welcome may seem rather different than a hearty welcome, etymologically, they're the same. Hearty, of course, comes from heart, a word that can be traced back through the Germanic branch of languages to the Proto-Indo-European root CARED. This root also leads to Latin core heart, and from that, through French, to words such as cordial and courage, both literally hearty, as well as concord, literally hearts together, and discord, hearts apart. The noun cordial had the original sense of medicine, food, or drink that stimulates the heart, or I suppose a love potion, if you will. Now, if you love someone, you should probably believe them, at least etymologically speaking. Believe comes from Old English belüvan, to have faith or confidence in someone, with a change in prefix from the earlier julivan, with the intensifying prefix y. This, in turn, comes from Proto-Germanic galabian, believe, literally hold dear, from the Proto-Indo-European lob, care, desire, love. This root also leads to Proto-Germanic lubojan, Old English luvian, and finally, modern English love. Now, you might not want to believe the object of your love, especially if you feel passion for a fiend, but perhaps etymologically, it's not surprising you could feel that way. Fiend comes from the Old English feogun, to hate, and means literally hating, and therefore someone who is hostile or an enemy. It can be traced back to the Proto-Indo-European root, pay, to hurt, and this possibly comes into Latin as the verb pati, to suffer, and eventually English passion in the sense of suffering, think the passion of Christ, and only in the 14th century did the word gain the more positive sense of strong emotion and desire. I guess if you are passionate about someone who isn't good for you, it can lead to suffering. For instance, unhealthy relationships can lead to jealousy. The words jealousy and zeal both express strong, even obsessive feelings for something. And etymologically, this makes sense as they both come from Greek zealos, which could mean both jealousy and fervor enthusiasm. Ultimately, this Greek word comes from Proto-Indo-European ya, seek, request, desire. Now there are many reasons you might desire someone. Some people use embellishments, such as makeup or clothing, to enhance their natural beauty. And I suppose etymologically speaking, that's the point. The root of embellish comes from Latin belus, pretty handsome charming. And this Latin word also leads to vulgar Latin belitas, old French belte, and later bote, before becoming English beauty. You might also be attracted to the sound of their voice. Are there some accents you find particularly charming? Well, etymologically, this makes sense. Accent comes from old French asson, from Latin acentus, made up of ad to plus cantus song, which is a loan translation of Greek prosodia, a song sung to music, made up of pros to and oide song. And of course, we get prosody from this Greek word. Latin cantus is the past participle of the verb canara to sing, which produced another Latin word meaning song, carmen, with the dissimilation of n to r, because canmen was too difficult to say. And this became charme in old French and charm in English, through the idea of singing or chanting magical spells. The music of language can be very enchanting, another related word. But if you're not so good with incantations, basically an etymological doublet of enchantment, you can always go back to that love potion from before. Thanks for watching. This is one in a series of occasional short videos about connected etymologies. To see more, you can also follow the endless knot on Twitter, Facebook, or Instagram.


Nigeria customs service in Kaduna state has made seizure of unregistered vehicles and medicine to the tune of about 236 billion naira, ranging from April to June 2022. The revenue generating body says the fate was achieved through information gathering and cooperation among relevant government agencies. Plus TV correspondent Habila Daofari files this report. Over the years, illegal importations and smuggling of substandard products into the country has been a major challenge facing the federal government. This economic setback has discouraged local producers from producing products leading to losses in millions of naira. The comptroller of the customs service in Kaduna says these items include rice, maize, petrol, textile, unregistered vehicles, used tires and medicine. The idea of seizing these products is to give way to the production of same items locally here in Nigeria. The federal government has decided to give 30 incentives to Nigerians who wish to produce these items here in Nigeria and I don't think we should allow foreign items, similar items to compete with the ones that are produced here locally so we don't allow it to come and wherever we see it we stop it from circulating. He complains that continuous smuggling of contraband into country by concealment was an economic realm and puts in the lives of Nigerians at risk. He appealed to importers to use their proper channels that the customs service will always make offenders face the wrath of the law. The federal government is on wisdom and for control purpose decided to restrict importation of motor vehicles through the port and airport. This is for control and statistical reason. What we have here is, I can say it's a western investment. If the owner feel though he can ask questions from customs, he can easily get the correct information that will not allow him to waste his investment like this. Motor vehicles are not allowed to come through border stations. They are allowed to come only through ports and airports. When we get them, some of them will claim as if they have documents. But for us to be fair to them, we keep it for them to bring the documents for us to verify. He also asked patriotic Nigerians to support the fight against illegal importations and smuggling. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


In this presentation we will take a look at the audit process related to retained earnings and dividends. Now when we consider retained earnings note that we're thinking about the balance sheet we're in the equity section and specifically we are in retained earnings. What is retained earnings? It's going to be that account that's the accumulation of earnings over time. So whenever we close out in essence the income statement the net income you'll recall is going to be increasing retained earnings and retained earnings then going up by the net income down by a loss if the company happened to have a loss and then it's going to be down going down by any dividends that we take out. So when we take the dividends and pay the earnings that have been retained from the company for the income that's accumulated over time and been accumulated in the account of retained earnings we then pay it to the owners at some point hopefully in the form of dividends and the dividends then of course are kind of like draws and they would be for a sole proprietor they would be draws kind of like draws for a sole proprietor although they're going to go through some more bureaucratic process in order to have the dividends and their taxable but in the case in their their draws or like draws in that they will be decreasing the retained earnings. So given that note that retained earnings shouldn't have a lot of transactions to it because I mean if it's nothing unusual happened if it's a really kind of plain normal type of year then retained earnings should be what it was at the end of last year nothing should happen to it except for some dividends should be taken out of it which should be a pretty straightforward not too many transactions with regards to dividends decreasing retained earnings and then of course we have the net income that would roll over to it so it's really just rolling over retained earnings and then taking out the dividends that means not many transactions with regards to retained earnings typically should be fairly simple to audit we should be able to basically consider all the transactions that are included in it on more of a kind of a substantive type procedural process. Primary concern with relation to dividends is primary concern is over violations of corporate bylaws or debt covenants so any kind any kind of violations of the bylaws is going to be our major concern with regards to the dividends and recall that the dividends are going to be the items that are leaving so we're going to be paying out the dividends which will be reducing the retained earnings if and and we're going to be paying them to the owners the stockholders of the organization so they're going to be retained earnings increases we're going to pay them out in the form of dividends dividends being the earnings that have accumulated over time that we're distributing to the owners the owners being the stockholders if an independent dividend dispersing agent is used the auditor will confirm the amount dispersed with the agent the amount is then agreed with the amount authorized by the board of directors so once again if it's a publicly traded company we have this basic bureaucratic kind of process third-party individual that we can really use within the auditing process which is kind of a function of it or part of it that we can go to and confirm these transactions with so if an independent dividend disbursement agent is used kind of like a third-party individual outside not directly connected to the company therefore good audit evidence to go talk to that individual audit will confirm the amount to disperse dispersed with the agent the amount is then agreed with the amount authorized by the board of directors if an independent agent is not used however so we now what if we don't have that independent agent and if it's a publicly traded company you think you probably would if it's not publicly traded company then it's quite possible we do not in that case auditor will recompute the amount of the dividend authorized by the board of directors so note when we have the dividends it's one of those kind of key issues that should be authorized by the board of directors and then therefore we can go through the authorization process to make sure that the dividend process was properly authorized and we can we can recompute what was authorized by the board of directors so we can then the amount of dividends authorized by the board of directors and trace the amount to the cash disbursements or dividends payable so then of course we'll take that recalculation and trace it out to what actually happened now we're going to consider retained earnings so that's going to be the accumulation of the net income minus the disbursements the dividends retained earnings are generally affected by the current year's income or loss and the dividends declared and or paid now note when we consider the dividends that's going to be an important point when we consider the valuation of retained earnings because remember there's basically three time periods that you have a dividend you declare the dividend and then you have a point in time basically when you the people that are holding the dividends that's who's going to get the dividends and then you pay the dividends and the two important points from a financial accounting standpoint is uh when should we record the dividend uh even though it's not paid we typically record it when it's declared so then we're going to record