Josh Gordon has been lauded for his skills as a wide receiver for the New England Patriots but as the case with many athletes, there's sometimes demons behind closed doors. With the Super Bowl just behind us and the Pats picking up another win, everyone's been looking into Josh and he's appeared in headlines regarding his alleged drug use. Josh has a storied history of drug related offenses including football suspension to 2010, 2011 and 2015. After an amazing first season with the Pats after leaving the Browns in 2018, it seems that his lifestyle has caught up to him yet again and it couldn't be at a worse time. With the player, he's announced on December 20th that he would be taking time off to focus on his mental health. And that was followed by a statement from the NFL who stated that he would be banned for violating NFL drug policies. About a week after making Super Bowl 53, it was reported that the Patriots would be paying for his rehabilitation. Josh was born on April 13th, 1991 in H-Town, Houston, Texas. Born to one of three children to parents Elaine and Harold, he is reportedly of Haitian descent. As a young kid, Josh suffered from anxiety and social awkwardness. These feelings hit him extra hard soon upon arrival to middle school. As a result, Josh would begin taking drugs. He states that he started self-medicating with weed, codeine and Xanax. In the 7th grade, he once ate a whole Xanax bar at school and ended up passing out in the middle of class. He would often sneak out of class in order to take these substances. In a GQ interview, Josh stated, The teacher's back was turned and I just raised my hand and asked the restroom real quick. That was my first experience of a high in 7th grade and it was to that extent so I was definitely out of control. But things soon after got a little more intense than that. Arriving at Lamar Public High School, Josh still felt the pressure to fit in. He ended up joining a gang called the Sixth Deuce Harvard Park Brim Bloods. As you can imagine, they were pretty intense. Being a member even required him to carry a gun. Among the gang's nefarious activities were dealing drugs, counterfeiting money and stealing automobiles. During this time, his school studies suffered. Josh would smoke weed and even drink vodka out of a minute made bottle during his classes. His life was quickly going downhill. One of his biggest vices turned out to be the large amount of codeine, syrup or scissor that he would begin consuming. In an interview from 2017, he stated, I've been enabled most of my life honestly. I've been enabled by coaches, teachers, professors. He pretty much gave me a second chance just because of my ability. Despite his substance abuse, Josh remained athletic playing football and basketball. He also took part in track and field. Excelling in football throughout his high school career, he would catch pass after pass as well as run over 360 yards in his junior year alone. And it was before these football games that he would down a container of wine and he would play while he was smashed. Josh's lifestyle didn't slow him down from taking some serious names on the football field. Gordon's got the first down on Cody Davis. And at the end of his senior year, while recruiters from colleges all over the country, they came to take a look at the Houston kids' skills. And off the end, Griffin going deep this time. Right side. Oh, Josh Gordon has it inscribed for the Baylor touchdown. Moving on to Baylor University in 2009 on an athletic scholarship, he ran over 721 yards as well as 43 receptions. During this time, a scandal broke out after an incident at a Taco Bell drive-through. Josh and another player, Willie Robinson, reportedly fell asleep while in line to order. When police arrived at the scene and searched the vehicle, they found some weed. Josh received his first suspension. This was followed by yet another suspension in 2011 after failing a drug test. Nevertheless, Josh has performed well on the field, setting several franchise records for the Cleveland Browns after being drafted to the NFL in 2012.


Teaching multiple tenses. Should you do it, and if so which ones? Teaching multiple tenses might sound frightening as teaching a single tense can sometimes be a challenge on its own. However, while it might seem difficult the first time you try it, it isn't as daunting as you would think. When teaching more than one tense at a time there are two main factors to consider, which tenses to teach together, and what language level you are teaching. This post was written by RTEFL certification graduate Farron Gample's note that this blog post might not necessarily represent the beliefs or opinions of ITTT. Simple rules to consider when teaching tenses. The general rule is that basic tenses are for lower level students and harder ones are for intermediates and above. Despite this, many higher level students still need a quick review on basic tenses as their knowledge can sometimes be flawed. For higher level students reviewing basic tenses is a very easy task, whereas for lower levels anything can be challenging when it is new. For this reason, we can agree that in general we don't teach basic grammar to higher level students and we never teach higher level grammar to lower level students. Henceforth, the given examples follow this rationale as well. Here are some examples in increasing difficulty. Present simple and present continuous. The classic duo. These tenses are regularly taught together for beginners, which can sometimes be problematic, since in some languages there is only one present tense, so the students will keep distinguishing them from each other right from the beginning until they can use them proficiently. During the first lessons it might be a little difficult for them, but in the long run it should always pay off. In contrast, when students are immersed in only one of them, even for a short while, it can be harder to comprehend the differences between the two. Of course, teaching both tenses simultaneously takes more time than only one of them, but still less time than teaching them one after another. Past simple and present perfect. The must-do-oh. With this combination, past simple should be pre-taught a little as it is the easier to grasp and differentiating between the two can be difficult for many students at first. Even mid-level students can have problems here, so pre-teaching the past simple gives them a great advantage. After they have grasped it, they can move on to the present perfect, ensuring that the past simple is still represented otherwise the students may become confused. For lower levels it can be harder as they tend to resort to translation and often if they translate present perfect they get past simple in their native language. Future tense forms. The multiple choice option will go into present simple and present continuous for future. Well this one takes more steps. First, will and going two should go together only after they have mastered them individually. Then you can move on to include the present tenses as well and since they have learnt their formula before, it should be easy for them to adapt. Present simple used in the future is almost never a problem, however realizing the slight difference between going to and present progressive often is this problem can occur at any time so it might need to be checked regularly. Doing exercises where all these tenses are used can be very good practice for the students. Perfect continuous tenses. The odd couple. Three tenses which are neither liked nor used that often. Of course, these are not taught for lower levels but somehow students are still afraid of these tenses before learning them. Maybe because they are both perfect and continuous or maybe because they have no idea what they can be used for. However, after learning the present perfect progressive they usually realize that it isn't a monster and can get pretty confident with them. After reaching that point it can be a good help when teaching the pastor the future but only after. Just remember that it isn't a good idea to teach these all at once but they do offer a very useful comparison in parallel to each other. Other tense options. Above are just the most common options but of course there are many other possibilities i.e. future continuous and future perfect or perfect simple and perfect continuous. The choices often vary from teacher to teacher depending largely on their own level of experience and confidence with English grammar. In my personal opinion it is not only useful but also necessary sometimes to teach multiple tenses for the main reason that it often makes the teacher's job easier and learning outcomes for the students can be significantly improved. Are you ready to teach English grammar abroad? Apply now for your TEFL TESOL certification course and start teaching in a matter of months. Speak with an ITTT advisor today to put together your personal plan for teaching English abroad. Send us an email or call us toll free at 1-800-490-0531 to speak with an ITTT advisor today.


Welcome to Unit 9 of Sailor.org's Introduction to Financial Accounting. This unit is divided into four subunits and will take about three hours to complete. Remember that in Unit 3 you learned how to prepare a company's financial statements. Remember that financial statements include balance sheets, income sheets, statements of shareholders' equity, and statements of cash flow. In this unit you will learn to calculate financial ratios when given a company's financial statements. Financial ratios are calculations used to determine how well a company is doing financially. There is no one magic number to reach when it comes to financial ratios. In some cases we want the ratio to be as high as possible. In other instances we want the ratio to be low. The ideal financial ratio changes depending on the industry the company is in. For example, a construction company will often have a higher debt-to-income ratio than say a company that custom builds computers for people. Because the construction company had to take out loans to purchase the heavy earth moving equipment it needs to operate. In this unit and the next you will be able to play the role of an analyst. Analysts use a company's financial statements and financial ratios to determine the growth and viability of a company. They then use that information to decide whether or not they want to invest in that company. You're going to calculate financial ratios related to a company's liquidity or ability to make money and a company's solvency or ability to meet its financial obligations. This unit may seem math heavy but the calculations are very simple. Often only one or two long steps. Though simple these ratios are very valuable. And the next unit will make some qualitative observations from the quantitative ratios you calculated in this unit.


So the first thing you need to do to do this is create a new spotlight. So we're going to go to create lights spotlight Now if like me you've left your projector in the center of the room it makes it quite easy to position the spotlights We need it to be within This projector into the bit that we hollowed out earlier So what I'm going to do is I'm just going to change to a different view. I'm going to use the side view And I'm going to rotate the light So that it's facing up and I'm just going to rotate it part of the way I'm going to do it all of the way Because I can then move into the channel box and I can see that I've rotated it 68 degrees on X So if I can just type 19 now, I know that'll be pointing straight up, which is what I want. I Also want to move the light up slightly so it's just kind of protruding from the shape And now I'm going to go back into the attribute editor The next thing we're going to do is we're just going to change the cone angle so at the moment you can say this Green cone represents the angle that the light is going to shine at and we want it to look like it's coming out of This cone that we've created within the projector So I'm just going to scroll down a little bit You can see there's a cone angle there and if I just move this slider You'll see that the cone angle changes on the light and I can match that up with the projector like that So that's beautiful Well, I'm also going to change there's something called a penumbra angle and that affects the softness on the edge of the light If you want to see that in action just create a spotlight in a new scene shine it something and change the penumbra angle And you'll see what it does But what I want to do is just type 30 in that box and it'll stop the edge of the light being like a perfectly drawn line It'll kind of fade which is what we're looking for As things stand with this light though, it wouldn't Be visible in the air it would just if you looked up at the ceiling you'd see a Circle of light, but you wouldn't be able to see it in the air to do that We need to create a light fog before we do that though We're going to set the color of the light and we're going to change that to being kind of a pale blue so I'm just gonna Where am I want to choose? That kind of color So my light wants to be a nice pale blue, which is beautiful I'm also going to add a decay rate to the light because I don't want this to Necessarily like this, you know, I want it to only go so far the decay rate means that the light dies off over distance So I'm going to add a quadratic decay rate Which is perfect for what I need here And it'll just mean that the the further away from the projector the light gets the more it dies off Which works really well with the fog that we're going to create So now we'll add the fog you need to scroll down a little bit to the light effects section And we're going to open that and you can see that there is a light fog Option before we change anything though before we create the fog we're going to Make sure that the intensity of it's up a little bit So we're going to turn that to five and press enter and then we're going to click on the button to add a light fog to the light and then I'm going to add a Slightly darker blue color to the fog like that and that is the light fog complete so The preview in my doesn't really show The light off so what we're going to do is I'm going to go back into my perspective view I'm just going to frame up a shot With the projector in view So something like that I think And then what I'm going to do is just test render the frame to see what this glow looks like so Here we go So there you go That's the effect we've created so you can see that there is now a blue light and the idea is that that light is Part of the the holographic projection that's being created again I'm just going to turn this off So you can now get a better feeling of why the room's so dark because there's a projection happening And that's quite bright in the scene, which is what we wanted. So that is Another light placed and we're making some damn fine progress. Yes Okay, I'm gonna close that window


Zendude nation the time has come you guys been asking for this for I don't know how long maybe a year We are doing a body breakdown on the man himself Brad Pitt today Specifically we're gonna be talking about Brad Pitt's physique in the movies fight club and snatch why well in those movies Specifically he had a very Zendude-esque physique who is lean. He was chiseled. He was athletic It was a kind of body that looks good, but also feels good as well Now today we're gonna talk about Brad Pitt's journey to create the physique that he had in those movies But don't worry if you're not as lean as he is or if you feel like you have more of a journey to go than he did That's okay We're gonna take you to that physique no matter where you are right now Now let's talk about where Brad Pitt was starting specifically this guy was naturally an ectomorph. He was skinny guy He is what we call a hard gainer So for Brad it was actually very difficult to put weight on and though he did lose body fat during his Preparation for these roles. He was also focusing a lot on just gaining muscle and he was really focusing on gaining dense muscle And so with that dense muscle you could see here in these photos It gave him that look of being an absolute ninja, which is what we always talk about here as Zendu finis You want to look like a ninja and you want to feel good? You want to be athletic and so that's what he was going for and that's what we're gonna go for today When we talk about his transformation when Brad Pitt started the transformation He was five feet 11 inches tall and around a hundred and sixty seven pounds And in fight club he got all the way down to around a hundred and fifty six pounds So that's about six percent body fat probably too lean for some of you We maybe want to shoot more for the snatch physique where he was closer to eight percent body fat And had a little bit more weight on his body So before we get into talking about exactly what Brad did I want to mention a tool to you right now that I think is gonna help you achieve your fitness goals So as Zendu fitness if you haven't seen any of our other videos we talked about jump rope We talked about jump rope as a tool for fat loss and later in the video I'm going to give you free workouts so you can do but right now if you want to pick up the jump rope that we use to do Our workouts. I'll link it in the description below for 10% off. It's the cross rope. It's one we use every day It's the best in the world. We recommend it So if you want that grab it now, let's get into the transformation Let's start off by talking about the workouts that Brad was doing on a consistent basis So when he went through this transformation getting ready for his role creating that lean muscular physique that we all strive towards ourselves He was working out five to six days a week and he was doing a very consistent routine So he split up his body parts into just about a singular body part for each day He was working out and while he did that he was actually focusing on not doing that many sets and keeping the reps very high So on the first day Mondays was his chest day So he would start off by warming up with push-ups three sets of 25 repetitions each Don't worry if you can't do push-ups you can do push-ups from your knees. That's a modification here And so once you complete that warm-up you can move on to the three main lifts he did on that chest day So the first one being regular bench press three sets of 15 repetitions each Followed by three sets of incline bench press 15 repetitions each and then finally three sets of flies Which is an exercise that's great for building muscular density in the pectoral region and again He did 15 repetitions here as well So I'm not gonna say three sets of 15 repetitions for this whole video just understand That's what he did for every exercise I'm gonna name going forward on the other workout days Tuesdays Tuesday was back day He started off back day with a warm-up where he would do three sets of five repetitions for Pull-ups and so this is the only exercise that he didn't do 15 repetitions of that's why I mentioned it right now If you can't do pull-ups do pull-up negatives and right now I'll show you a quick little video Really outlining what pull-up negatives are so if you can't do pull-ups to do these so you can work your way up to do In normal pull-ups after he completed pull-ups He moved on to seated rows lap pull down and then T bar rows moving on to Wednesdays Wednesdays with shoulder days So you can see in a lot of the photos or you know famous imagery from the movie fight club or snatch He had these very sculpted full deltoids and the reason why he was able to create those deltoids was the work He put in in the weight room. So he was doing military press. He was doing Arnold press He was doing side shoulder raises and he was doing front shoulder raises Thursday was biceps and triceps You know curls for the girls where he would either do the curl machine or just normal dumbbell bicep curls followed by the easy bar curl Followed by hammer curls and finally finishing off with the tricep extension Friday's Friday finally It was cardio day. So he would hop in the treadmill and it go about 65 to 75 percent of his maximum output So he wasn't going as hard as you could because he was going for a considerable amount of time in the treadmill But he was pushing himself into the mid to mid high intensity range. Now. Let me stop you right there If you don't like doing treadmill work, I don't either you don't have to work on the treadmill You don't have to get on the treadmill ever again for the rest of your life here's then do fitness We talk about jump rope. It's a fun tool that we use to do our cardio It helps us build up our endurance helps us burn body fat and overall It's just the most enjoyable form of high intensity Exercise that we found out there So if you want to do those type of workouts instead of treadmill You can swap those out and help you do so a link down in the description our free four week challenge with four weeks of Workouts jump rope and body weight related and I'll also put it up here in the right hand corner the screen right now If you don't want to click down there You can click there. You can click up here down here down up there Whatever you want finally Saturdays and Sundays So like I said in the beginning's video Brad was a hard gainer and that we're not all hard gainers We're not all naturally skinny, but for him to gain that muscle mass He just decided not to work out a lot of times on Saturdays and Sundays instead focus on recovery So getting lost asleep Eating and letting his muscles recover without doing any weightlifting or training So if you're someone who is a hard gaining or naturally skinny You can do that exact same thing if you know that you have a little more body fat than Brad pitton did in these roles Then you should incorporate more jump rope exercises or whatever cardio you want to do on these days as well So, you know at least two days of high intensity interval training workouts from what I saw on the internet Especially for these two roles we're talking about that Brad Pitt prepared for he kind of just ignored legs He wasn't given much love and if you want to give your legs some love if you want that complete physique We do here as I do fitness recommend that you try to train your whole body it just creates muscular balances and allows you to live overall healthy and Creates a better aesthetic in our opinion So if you want to do leg workouts You can go ahead and take like this shoulder and then tries up and buys up day and just clunk those together Make that one workout day and then open up one day and insert a leg day And so on that leg day you can do leg extensions for a few sets You can do leg hamstring curls for a few sets some back squats for a few sets and some standing calf raises as well That'll be sufficient again three sets of 15 reps for each Exercise and the reason why I keep on grinding home like three sets of 15 reps is because this is a body breakdown for Brad Pitt so I want you to replicate what he did in preparation for these roles So is this the only way to gain muscle? Absolutely not a lot of people recommend low rep days and doing less sets or more sets There's just one way to get this done. So with that being said, let's move on Let's start talking about as nutrition regimen. Ah the diet. I had the Jamie Lee Curtis yogurt I actually digested a huge gust of wind on my way to work. I shared a bagel with garbage. I Had two chocolate cheesecakes Yeah, whatever on the show I wish I could Beyond the show, whatever. I don't care.  I'm gonna do so but not in a way that you're gonna expect Okay, so if you go and look at the diet foods that he ate when he was preparing for these roles it was pretty basic stuff. It was, you know, brown rice and chicken and fish and vegetables and protein shakes and Greek yogurt and Caught his cheese and a lot of stuff that you see bodybuilders eat And so you can definitely eat those foods that are healthy foods or great foods But you don't have to be limited to those because if you look up Brad Pitt's training regimen online You may find that he ate these foods. You may think to yourself. Hey, you know what? I don't even want to try to get this physique because I don't want to just eat brown rice and chicken or Fish every day and I feel you hundred percent and understand you do not have to your nutrition What you eat on a daily basis to get that body can be an enjoyable process So I'm gonna talk about that right now if you want to follow what Brad was doing again He was a hard gainer. So he was trying to eat as much as he could He was eating almost every two to three hours. So he breakfast a mid-morning snack He lunch he would go train He would have a pre-workout for a train where you'd have like a banana or something post workout You'd have a protein shake then you don't have dinner and then he would have a mid-evening snack So it's a lot of food and what I want you to understand is all the research So I've seen out there around nutrition tells us that it's not necessarily about how often you eat The most important thing is that you're maintaining an anabolic state throughout the day And you get the amount of calories and macronutrients that you need So calories, which is just the energy that you consume to perform normal daily functions Including lifting weights and working out and thinking and everything and macronutrients protein carbs and fats So for the calories and the macronutrients, we're gonna link in the description our calculator Which will help you calculate this and if you'd like another tutorial help you do so I'll link up in the right hand corner of the screen a video It's called how to get a six-pack jump and rope going deep in depth teaching you how to create the physique that you want By eating the right amount of calories and macronutrients for your body So you can check that out. You can check the calculator out and I'm gonna move on here and talk to you now about meal frequency So as I said before Brad was eating every two to three hours. He was eating a ton for a lot of us We live busy lives. We don't have time to do that nor do we want to we don't want to be the person who has Their lunchbox at work instead we can do something even better guys What you can do is you can practice something called intermittent fasting and this is kind of turning the cheat codes on for Creatinous physique so in the morning instead of eating anything you can just consume some branch chain Amino acids and so these branching amino acids what they allow you to do is maintain an anabolic state So you're not worried about losing any muscle instead You can continue to burn body fat maintain the muscle you have and push your first meal until the middle of the day So if you want some branch chain amino acids, I'll link in the description below the ones that we use on a daily basis Because we do the same thing. We're busy guys. We don't want to have to eat that many meals So instead we just don't eat for half the day. We eat branch chain amino acids in the morning with some once you make it to the Halfway point of your day you can start consuming your calories your macronutrients eating your lunch and then eating dinner And what we prefer to do we believe it's the most enjoyable way to hit our macronutrient and calorie goals It's just by eating two giant meals And so if you're someone who has trouble getting enough food in don't worry You can eat breakfast if you want to but if you're someone who always feels like you're too hungry And you always want to eat more then cut out breakfast replace the BCAA's and start eating halfway into the day now I did find out exactly how many calories and macronutrients the Brad Pitt 8 and the reason why I'm not telling you how much He ate is because you would have to be 5 foot 11 167 pounds exactly for these numbers to work for you and that's a whole point that we linked you up that Calculator is because we want to make sure that this plan fits you Personally if you're eating for your body personally You're gonna be much much more likely to create this physique because you know exactly the amount of food your body needs To continue to lose body fat and gain muscle mass now comes the point of the video We're going to invite everyone to ask us questions drop them in the comments below if you have questions about anything We asked today or if there are other body breakdowns that you want us to do we know on this channel We've got a long list of body breakdowns that you guys ask for and we're definitely gonna get to those when we appreciate Each and every one of you making suggestions because that's where our content comes from it comes from you and your suggestions And finally if you're new to this channel, please subscribe to the YouTube channel We do body breakdowns like this one. We do jump rope workouts. We do nutrition tutorials basically on this channel We focus on helping you create that Brad Pitt physique in many different ways So please subscribe to the channel and we'll continue to make awesome videos like this to help you get lean and live An awesome life people do it every day they talk to themselves They see themselves as they'd like to be they don't have the courage you have to just run with it The things you own end up owning you it's only after we've lost everything that we're free to do anything


Hi, so I'm trying out this keto diet cookbook which I ordered off of Amazon. I've been keto on and off for the last year or so and I've sort of dived back into it and so I'm now two weeks into keto so I'm going through this book and I just kind of want to record what I think about it. So for today I'm making the ultimate keto bread. So first off it asks for macadamia nuts. I don't have any macadamia nuts so I'm substituting that with some almond flour. So I'm gonna prepare this and I'm gonna bake it and then I'll give you my review about what I thought about it. So stay tuned. Okay, so I got this almond flour from Amazon. I got this one from Audi, the coconut flour. I'm using some pastured egg white powder that's my fissilium husk by Cabernet d'Auxorda cream of tartar. Yeah and this is the recipe that we're gonna be making. 150 grams of almond flour, 30 grams of coconut flour, 50 grams of pastured egg white protein powder, this is unflavoured, 80 grams of silam husk, 1 teaspoon of bicarbonate of soda, 1 teaspoon of salt, mix. Four eggs separate the yolks and the egg whites. Four egg yolks and four egg whites and also two egg whites. 300 mils of water. The recipe actually calls for macadamia nuts but because I've substituted with almond flour I have to add an extra 60 mils of water so that was 240 plus 60 which gives us 200 in which gives us 300 mils of water. Mix water and egg yolks until well combined. Preheat oven to 175. Whip the six egg whites until they're soft. Add in two teaspoons of cream of tartar. Second teaspoon of cream of tartar. Feel like that's forming peaks? That should do. That's the whipped egg, egg yolk mixture and my dry ingredients. Okay now we have to add the dry ingredients to the egg yolk mixture and mix. This is what the mixture looks like. It's very weird and then you have to add these and incorporate them by folding them in and sort of fold them in. This is what it's looking like now that I've incorporated the egg whites. This doesn't look like a dough to me but the instructions say to now put the dough into my loaf tin which I'm going to do but yeah if you're used to baking with flour this looks very strange but we'll have to see how it turns out. This is my loaf tin with the baking parchment. I'm gonna decant that into there. So I've put it into the loaf tin and I've used my spatula to smooth it down. I don't know if I'm supposed to do that. The instructions don't say anything and now I have to bake this for 60 minutes in 175 degrees. So here we go. Fill it into a 175 degree oven. Is that my timer? This particular recipe doesn't have a picture with it so I won't be able to compare what it looks like but the next page has got a sunflower bread so I expect it should look something like this but yeah we will check. Left and I'm just going to check because it's smelling a bit. Oh hello. So I put a skewer through and it was clear even though it still had five minutes to go so I got the cake the bread out. Here's what it looks like up close. It's a little bit on the grainy side because of the almond flour. Smells very eggy. It smells very eggy. Here's what it looks like now. This is my very first ever keto bread. It feels very heavy. Okay so here it is. It feels heavier than what I'd expect a wheat made loaf of bread to feel. I would I'm gonna try this in a bit. I don't feel hungry right now and as you know one of the hallmarks of keto is you only eat when you're hungry so this is going to be my meal for when I have my next meal. Interesting. I like to keep my keto bread. This is my freezer. I have the bread pre-sliced so I sliced it up and then I froze it single layer and then I just cut it in here and whenever I feel peckish or I want to eat something that's ketoic just I pop it in the toaster, press it on frozen, put some salted butter and it's a fantastic snack. So this is how I store my keto bread.


What's going on guys it's your boy DPJ here today with another Destiny video and today I bring you top five amazing reactions of the week now if you guys do enjoy the video do hit that like let's try and reach 4,000 likes that'd be absolutely epic don't forget if you've got any badass clips sent into the email just linked in the top of the video description and subscribe for that daily destiny. Headphone users be warned you may just want to turn down that volume just a little bit but enjoy the video and I'll catch you on that next one. Oh god what? I've got Legendary Heavy and Grum in my vault. I didn't even realize.  Breathe. Okay. Oh my god. Breathe. Breathe. Look what I just got. Look what I just got. Oh my god.  Oh yeah that's going on YouTube. Crap I'll take it. What are you doing? Crap. Is it infuse it to something if it's a crap roll? Let's see what you found out there. 3-4-1 I'll take it. Oh look look. Oh. I just got here for rare engrammed exotic.  Oh my god. No I didn't I don't know how to get a 3-4-9 of a rare.  Jesus. We're over here.  They got the other one. Every time with this nigga in his Titan Smash.   We out. We out bro. We out bro.     I've never seen something like that before. That sword is crazy. Hey can I have a Matador 64 range finder? Dude I want one. I'm done. I'm done. I'm so done. Yo. I get a Matador with range finder. Alright I'm using it. Good luck brother. I got it I got it.


What we said last day was an exponential growth word problem used the same equation over and over a template. Now Ryan they may use different letters in fact in your homework sometimes they'll say oh use an n instead of a t or whatever I really don't care what letters they want to use what I said Matias was this so it's always going to be final amount equals the initial amount times whatever your growth constant is if it's a percentage it's one plus or one minus to the power of the total time divided by the growth period. I said you want to memorize that Nathaniel for your test if you don't have that memorized for your test you only be able to start these questions there's going to be at least two maybe three of these on your test. What I need you to do though is actually find a blank page you can either go to the back of your book where there's a blank page or you can do this on a separate piece of paper and as a heading all I've got is some practice exponential growth word problems and here's the first one. So as a heading practice exponential growth questions either on a separate piece of paper if you prefer your notes that way or you can go in the back of your book as a bunch of blank pages you can put it back there if you want to as well I don't care whatever works for you we're in and doing four of these and you can copy out question number one. Question number one says the population currently has 230 million people if the population is increasing by 7% every two years how long will the population take to double the population currently has 230 million people the population is increasing by 7% every two years how long will the population take to double the first thing you have to be able to do here is to recognize that this is not a logarithmic scale question this is not a pH decibel or Richter scale question because there is going to be one of those on your test words like increases decreases doubles triple words like that are your hints this is an exponential growth word problem and our first approach we said cursed and when we get this we're going to write that template an equation and we're going to do it on every question today and hopefully by the end of that you have it memorized Katie we're going to say a equals a zero c to the power of t over p and then we're going to list our data this 230 million now that's the initial population I could write 230 000 000 but since they gave me the population in millions I'll just put a 230 and my final answer will be in millions or whatever like if I if they need me to find a population here hey what are they asking me to find in this question final population initial population growth rate total time or growth period what are they asking me to find here do you think what does how long mean now how long can either be used for time it can also be used for growth period it's one of the exponent things let's pause and just remember that that must mean they told me the other stuff what's my final populate oh I forgot to put a zero there what's my final population some of you're going why didn't you put in a zero there a national sorry my bad what's my final population how'd you get 460 because it says to double what if it said to triple I'd go 200 690 okay what's my growth rate my growth constant well increasing by 7% means what am I gonna put here do you remember Nicole one my original population plus the 7% increase sorry isn't it what okay is that right what if it was decreasing by 7% it'd be one minus 0.07 or 93 0.93 and there's some other possibilities we'll be looking at some of those today as well what's this to well this is your growth period because it says it's growing every two years what if it was every three years my growth period be three what was every month my growth period be one twelfth whatever this is a decimal or fraction or whatever and they're asking me to find total time so when I plug in numbers Carson I'm going to get final amount equals initial amount 1.07 to the power of t over two now the mistake that drives me crazy that I have to now stop and give you zero for the rest of the question is the kids that go like this oh I'm going to go 230 times 1.07 don't write this down oh this is really 460 equals 246.1 to the t open why is that such garbage is there an exponent on the 1.01 then don't you dare be multiplying before the e in bed mass complete garbage instead because you will almost always have a coefficient here Katie you always have initial population sometimes your initial population Katie will be one which is really nice a little easier we're always going to on this line divide by the coefficient 460 divided by 232 equals 1.07 by the way this is going to give us a little shortcut next time if they say how long to double I could use 230 and 416 but can you also see I could use initial of one and final of two what if they said how long to triple I could use 230 and 690 or if I'm really clever I can use an initial of one and a final of three because when you divide that's what you'll end up with anyways a little shortcut Amanda where's my exponent sitting oh where's my exponent where's my variable sitting so how am I going to solve it darn right once you've written that down I need to look up because I need to beat a sloppy notation out of you to prevent you from making dumb mistakes every year every year Holly I see some kid and it's clear that there I had a great eight teacher that lovingly beat this out of me they do this don't write this down this is yucky they write a fraction as two half lines instead of one top and one bottom clearly and this confuses the heck out of them because they don't know what to do with that too oh please if you ever write a fraction like that I'll freak on you the t is on the top the two is on the bottom and just extend the bar write that down because now you've got clearly on the top step you've got clearly on the bottom and I'm even going to suggest that you all know what to do now how would I get the t by itself it's math eight yeah in fact I think I'm going to times by the two because it's dividing the t yes I'm going to divide by the log of 1.07 because it's timesing the t and cross multiply I think t ends up being two log two divided by the log of 1.07 which is what now go to your calculators try having fun and wandering again usually that means I'm getting tired and need to move around what do you get let's see two log two divided by the log of 1.07 now let's decide unless they say different we'll go to two decimal places 20.49 almost 20 and a half years bang on is that all right example two almost identical to example one except all I've done is I've changed how often it increases a population has 230 million people if the population is increasing by 7% every half year how long will the population take to double in fact you probably use ditto marks for most of the question and just replace the phrase every half year kirsten you know what I'm going to do first I'm going to write that because I got to memorize the stupid thing anyways I'm going to list my data off in the margin here somewhere a equals you know what let's get really really clever let's try that shortcut because we know things are going to double I'm going to let my initial population be one and my final population be two because if I put a 230 and a 460 there Katie I get the same thing is that okay didn't lose you there you don't have to do that but you know I'm in there enough to like shortcuts my growth rate kirsten is still going to be 1.07 because we're still increasing by 7% they're still asking me to find t but what's my growth period this time where do you get the 0.5 you're right every half year let's plug in chug uh final amount two equals initial amount one 1.07 to the power of t over 0.5 is that okay holly again do you have to do this stupid little shortcut now you could have put the 230 and the 460 but it's kind of nice if they ask you double or triple use a population initial of one because now technically I would divide both sides by one holly is that going to make any difference at all when I divide both sides by one then holly where is my variable sitting I'm going to take the log of both sides and then I'm going to move the exponent to the front ah but I'm not going to write it as a stupid small slanty fraction I'm going to write it as a big two-line fraction extend the fraction bar t by itself oh I'm dividing by 0.5 I think I'll multiply on the other side I'm timesing by 1.07 I think I'll divide on the other side I think t is going to be 0.05 here 0.5 times the log of two divided by the log of 1.07 I got 5.12 5.12 years big difference 20 and a half years and the other question just our five years in this question kind of a counter-intuitive answer is why I said a lot of politicians a lot of city planners they don't understand exponential growth and how just changing a tiny thing makes a huge difference in your answer let's rank let's ramp up the nerd component example three radioactivity example three a radioactive substance weighs 631.7 grams what's the half-life of this substance if there is 219.2 grams left after 19 days radioactive substance weighs 631 grams that's decaying that's how radioactivity works energy is being converted sorry mass is being converted into energy and so the mass goes down when it gives off radioactive energy there's a little physics lesson for you some of you that are in physics may have heard the conservation of energy law rephrase slightly differently what is the half-life of the substance if there are 219.2 grams after 19 days what is the half-life if there are 219.2 grams after 19 days hey Tyson you know I'm gonna do first heck why not I'd like you to all underline the word half-life this is how half-life is defined if it's a half-life question your growth rate is 0.5 it's a half it's 50 c is 0.5 I'm not going to tell you that I'm going to expect you to remember that but is there an easy trigger rate way to remember that your growth rate is 0.5 what words do we underline and half as a decimal is okay that means all the rest of it should be in there what's the 631.7 I think that's what you're starting out with what's this 219.2 final amount and you'll notice your final amount is smaller because it's radioactive decay most common mistake kids put the initial and the final in the opposite places they got them mixed up and then when they solve for time they get a negative time nature is saying actually no in the past you had that much that's why it's negative in other words you'll know you've messed that up again negative time now what's this question asking me to find what is the okay half-life is the period this question Katie is asking me to find p that means they must have told me t the total time that's elapsed 19 days tricky part is p is measured in days half-life is measured in days and t is measured in days and so it takes a bit of practice of just reading the questions Amanda so you can tell what they want you to find the half-life of the total time and all I can say is I'm gonna give you a bunch for practice and you'll figure it out but I can say if they ask you to find the half-life that's a period let's plug in our numbers 219.2 equals 631.7 a half to the power of 19 over p is what we're trying to find now what yeah now I made these numbers up and so it probably won't work out evenly don't round off I'm gonna use the answer feature on my calculator to carry extra decimals I would never round this off to two or three decimal places because it's going to introduce a lot of error I would carry five or six 219.2 divided by 631.7 now this is a fluke that we have all those zeros there holly so I can round off probably the .347 and get a legitimate answer but I'm still going to use the answer button on my calculator I'm going to write .347 but in real life I should carry at least six decimal places because exponential errors if you round off the rounding off errors increase exponentially so they make a big wave of good difference that makes sense now my little rant so I'm going to write .347 equals .5 to the 19 over p actually where's the variable sitting you know I'm going to have to do what am I going to have to do with my variable sitting in exponent folks log both sides see how clever I was I left a space after the equal signs put the log in there did I yell at you about writing proper fractions big fractions not little small ones Katie this is where it really shines I marked this question two years in a row on the provincial exams of the summer and I saw a whole bunch of kids don't write this down do this and they froze did not know what to do for rag jean I'm going to suggest if you don't write that as a smooshy splinty fraction but if you clue in that's on the top and that's on the bottom okay I'll put the over one there just this one feminist it's great eight on cross multiplying right physics 12 you can use stuff moves diagonally you're going to get p log point three four seven equals 19 log point five you're going to get p equals 19 log point five divided by the log of point three four seven what's the half length of this substance and you notice again I'm using the answer button do you get 12.44 so this substance loses half of its mass every 12.44 days after 24.88 days it'd be one quarter as big I almost guarantee in fact I will tell you there's going to be a half-life question on your test it's going to be probably two word problems rock sand one of them going to be a half-life the other one probably gonna be population one more example four a radioactive substance has a half-life of seven point four days how long until only five percent of the substance remains a radioactive substance has a half-life of seven point four days how long until only five percent of the substance remains I would do two things right away actually while I stand in your way I would underline the word half-life that's going to tell me something important tells me see but even before that Ryan you know what I'm going to do oh I'm still writing my bad Ryan what am I going to do first yeah a equals a zero c to the t over p ready oh half-life mr. duix says I know this what's that seven point four uh karson what it's the half-life and I said the half-life is the period this time they've given us p p is seven point four okay what's that five percent final amount you see I'm kind of going process of elimination here right I'll look at the numbers figure out what those are and then I'll fill in the blanks final amount is as a decimal point zero five because that's what five percent is okay take a guess what percent did I start out with do you think as a percentage a hundred percent if they ever give me a question and they're talking about percentages now I gotta distinguish between there are percents in this question step but there was also percents in number one and number two can you see there number one and number two though the percents were clearly a growth rate here the percent is clearly an amount and I can't teach you how to recognize the difference between the two all I can say is read carefully anyhow I think my initial amount is 100 percent which is what is the decimal Andrew one which means I think when they say how long this time it's t not how long is the half-life period how long is the total time t how long until all right let's plug in what we got here here final amount point zero five initial amount one point five to the t over seven point four try solving this on your own I'll do it slowly up here you get just shy of 32 days 31.98 days yep half-life question with percentages involved can you turn now go back to your workbooks page 206 page 206 page 206 example seven page 206 example seven now we're talking about radioactive iodine from Chernobyl in page 206 example seven it's talking about radioactive iodine 131 that 131 is not a mass or anything like that it's the atomic number like uranium 236 but you're not going to use that in the actual question step says this in april 1986 nuclear accident of Chernobyl contaminated the atmosphere with quantities of radioactive iodine 131 the half-life is 8.1 days determine the number of days to the nearest day it took to reduce to two percent of the original level very similar to number four that we just did so try this one on your own I'll freeze the screen and I'll do it up here see if you get what I got yes no yes final amount point zero two initial amount one hundred percent c is point five p is 8.1 ask me to find t is that okay rucksack sorry still working yep back ronati yep okay how else can they mess around with this what else can they ask take a look at example five at the top of the page here patient feeling ill had a sample of bacteria taken from her throat say ah the sample contains 387 bacteria cells 24 hours later the sample was carefully recounted and it was found to contain 812 cells find the doubling period to the nearest tenth of an hour katie you know i'm gonna do first ah sure why not i feel better it's no longer blank it gives me a systematic approach i'm gonna go a equals a zero c to the t over p now katie this is a bit of a tricky one some things are obvious i hope okay can you tell me what my initial amount is yep and what's that 812 katie i think you're right i couldn't hear yep do me a favor folks underline the word doubling period and what they're telling you in this question by saying doubling period they want c to be two what if they said tripling period they'd want your base to be what are they asking me to find in this question by the way find the what manda okay so i'm gonna write down p equals question mark that means amanda they must have told me time this one's a bit tricky because there is one more number that appears in this question however it was written out in english not written out like nums what's the total time elapsed in this question kirsten 24 so the equation that i'm gonna end up solving kiddo solving kiddo is 812 equals 387 times 2 to the 24 over p what do i do first before i do anything else divide by okay you get 20.7028 blah blah blah blah i'll write 20.7 but i'll use my answer button on my calculator be aware of the letter p sitting exponent so how am i going to solve it take the log of both sides yep uh hey i can fit a shmusha log in there and i can fit a log in right there and i'll get this the log of 20.7 equals 24 over p log 2 is that okay how do i get the p by itself i think p is going to end up being 24 log 2 divided by log of 20.7 oh hang on don't use 20.7 if you do it use your answer button do you get just shy five and a half days oh what does it say to the nearest tenth of an hour 5.5 hours so every five and a half hours this population doubles at 11 hours you have twice as much 16 and a half hours you have twice four times as much now we also need to look at a couple of more weird things in example six it talks about changing the base we're going to look at that next class we're also going to look at why base e is much nicer to use as our base this is where base e really shines that's going to be next day for today giving you lots of time i ready to say try numbers one and two you can try number three number four but can you all look up at number four please there is a typo in number four instead of two thousand can you make it 20 000 put an extra zero on it please otherwise you can't get the answer in the back of the book you'll be a decimal point out and you'll be freaking out and i wouldn't want you to ever have to freak out at least not in five is good five you have to think about the answer a tiny bit because you'll round the answer a certain way they won't and you'll say why but then you'll go oh because you're clever six and seven are for later because their base e as is eight base e i like number nine nine like number 10 11 is good 12 is good 13 is good 14 is good i'm going to temporarily pause there now that's not all for homework because next class i'm going to be continuing with today's lesson it'll be about half an hour or so then you'll have class i'll start a couple more questions from here i'll also be giving you a take home quiz on half life and victor scale and work problems but boys and girls you have the remainder of class to work on your own you don't often get this much time so enjoy it


It's gonna be the Atelier Atelier autograph book. Come on Daniel. Let's see it Come on It's Rhonda Cunha Jr. to 25. There we go. That's awesome. It's fire one of 25 That is so sick man Truist Park in the background that is fire Raining MVP as well on the Atelier autograph book card


The wristband joined me in launching the campaign here today by raising your arm with me and chanting together our heartfelt together we can turn back crime. Intapo launched the global campaign on turning back crime. It set a stage to kind of come up that there is a need for synergy, jointness, partnership in preventing and also combating the crime. We want to appreciate the Intapo for this great initiative. At a time of need, currently we are confronted with so many organized, modern, digital sophisticated crimes that it has come to our attention not only the law enforcers, police organizations, institutions that works alone. With different partners all over the world to realize the whole process to understand the crime and the partner with Intapo initiative, support Intapo initiative so that we move together in preventing the crime and so is turning back crime. We wonder being a part of the Intapo and also in this kind of situation confronted with all these challenges, realizing our history which was not good. We feel that it is one of the campaign tools and move together in this journey of campaigning against the crime. That's why we invited the Intapo to come and support us during the process. If you want to turn back crime in ending violence against women and girls, then you are in the right direction, you are in the same direction. This campaign again is therefore in that same vision like the vision of our president, he's ex-excellency the president of the Republic of Rwanda, Porokagami, with his good leadership and with his good vision of making all Rwandans feel safe, involved and even be reassured of their safety. And that is why we are in that same direction and the campaign I believe is going to bear fruit. It is also important in the fact that essentially the objectives of turning back crime and the objectives of community policing are the same. It's all to do with prevention.


Fine, let us solve a few questions all of you promise The ladder has mass m and length m It is placed like that There's a wall and this is floor wall is smooth floor has coefficient of friction mu Okay Right if I decrease the angle theta, what will happen if I keep on decreasing? There'll be a point at which will not be the degree of gravity just like so you need to find minimum theta for which it will not slide As in it is about to slide step number one draw the paper diagram Theta is always dimensionless when you get sign theta to be equal to something it has to be dimensionless if it has dimension Your answer is wrong You can check your answer that is right or not if mu increases theta should Decrease further It should allow lesser angle if theta is if mu is large There will be a normalization from here or not this will be normalization. Let's say n1 There will be friction Which direction It is about to slide so this way water magnitude Since it is about to slide mu n1 There will be gravity mg What else position from here? This is let's say n2 Okay You have drawn the favorite. I there's no friction at the top Okay, so next we can write net force along x axis to be 0 Then along y axis to be 0 my x and y axis These Along x axis. What are the forces mu n1? minus n2 This will be equal to 0 along y axis. We have n1 this And then I can write net torque is 0 about any point about which point should I write Why If I write about this torque because of these two will become zero Okay, so this is more sensible to write about this point Okay, so what is it talk about this point because of mg? What is this perpendicular sense? L L by 2 cost theta So mg into L by 2 cos theta is a top because of mg. What about talk into n2? You have to drop a pop into this. This is that is what? I'll sign I'll sign so minus of Why minus because sense of rotation is different and to into L Sign theta is equal to 0 now and to is what mu times n1 n1 is mg So n2 is L by 2 cos of theta minus mg L Sign theta equal to 0 mg L mg L cover So 10 theta is what is tan inverse 1 by Okay Any doubt Super job here are so on of mass M and length L this fulcrum. It can rotate this distance is L by 5 L by 5 a point masses get Small m you need to find out how much mass you should keep here. What is the point mass? You should keep here Simple simple question M by 4 which is wrong what is small m and three is capital M which M by 4 Okay, so So there is capital M You probably note the gravity force on the road Nobody is getting to and by Capital M by so one always getting that So you know also draw Capital mg force from where? L by 2 distance This is your normal reaction. Let's say n1 and actually can assume that mg force is acting on the rod here Actually, what is acting normal reaction between small m and the rod and since small in the rest Normalization is equal to mg Okay, so that is why this force can be considered as mg But it will not be equal to mg if rod starts rotating with angular acceleration Are you getting it? Then it's right n minus mg is equal to m into a and from there You get the normal reaction between small m and the rod right now rod is fixed Okay, let's say this mass is m1 so m1 g so about which About which I should equate talk to busy About this point Then anyone will not come in the equation itself Right, so I'll be able to write it as mg into l by 5 minus Capital mg into by 2 minus l by 5 then m1 g into What is like this? One last question a uniform rod of length l rest again the smooth roller This is roller, okay, and it is smooth I find coefficient of friction between the ground at the lower end Theta between the ground mu is what if you decrease that theta, it is like Okay, how does it make a difference whether it is a roller or not? Because of the roller what will happen? What is the normalization at this point? Many kilo to the rod Okay, that is the difference from the previous question. This is n2. This is n1 Cos per theta by No, it is a complicated expression The rod has mass Oh If you want to have master I'll write the answer first Okay, let's solve this there will be mg force There will be new times now the reaction I can take component of n2 Holiday vertical, this is theta and that is theta. So this is n2 Stop talking So n2 sin theta Minus mu n is equal to 0 Vertical direction n1 plus Both these equations you got still you are getting it wrong Then talk about this point. Let's equate that to 0. What is the torque because of mg? mg into What? mg into l by 2 No, it's a weird expression Then l by 2 cos theta How do you know what is this length? l is still here l minus h cos theta See this entire force is perpendicular to the rod So you don't need to worry about taking its component when you find in the torque Okay, so n2 into what? l minus h cos theta h by sin theta These are equations How many variables? n1, n2, mu Three variables, three equations We take mg into l by 2 cos theta We assume that mg is being applied at one end of the rod Here, center of the rod Yeah, and then it will rotate around the center of mass, right? What? The rod There is no fixed axis It depends on suppose this rod I fixed one end It will rotate about from its top It doesn't rotate from center of mass It doesn't seem to rotate about center of mass So sir, how can we calculate torque if we don't know what the axis is? There is no rotation at all It is an equilibrium So net torque about any end point is zero Yeah, but for the equation we still need force and distance from the How you write See, I have written torque about this point zero You can write torque about any point to be zero You get the same answer But if I write about this point, my equation will be simpler Because of these two, torque into zero Sir, why? There, we know from n to y to b Right, l minus h by sin theta So it is h by sin theta Yeah, so why is it not h by sin theta? Correct Yeah, why it is not h by sin theta only? It is No, I just wrote it This distance is h by sin theta only, right? So simply n to n to h by sin theta Sir, why does the roller make it perpendicular to the normal reaction? See, perpendicular to a point is not defined So roller makes it a smooth contact That's it And suppose it is not given it is a roller or not Still you take perpendicular to rod Okay, it's a reasonable assumption But then in reality it may not be perpendicular to rod Because the point will not only apply a normal force It will also be little bit clear inside the rod And then it will try to apply along the rod also some force Any other doubt? Sir, we take it perpendicular to the rod Only when it extends beyond that wall The rod See, if the normal reaction we have discussed in the roller motion Normal reaction force should be perpendicular to both the surfaces of contact Understood? If both surfaces are plane Multiple points of contact will be there And perpendicular plane is same anywhere you go And if the shape changes, there will be a point of contact They cannot be a surface of contact One sphere and the surface also has a simple point of contact If it has more than one point of contact It is not a sphere It may look like a sphere It has to be a point of contact No doubts, right?


So hello, hello, everyone, my name's Sanu Dushistova and I've been working on tools since 2004 and today I'd like to talk about target communication framework. So the problem these days is that almost every device software development tool has its own method of communication with target system. And when you try to integrate that into a single solution, usually it becomes an enormous problem to set up the target right and then you end up having a bunch of separate tools that do not work together well that impose unnecessary restrictions on the target system and also are quite difficult to configure. So that was a problem that a lot of tool vendors had and probably almost every vendor had its own solution for that but at some point there has to be an open source one and this is how target communication framework appeared. So target communication framework is a universal, extensible, simple lightweight vendor agnostic framework for tools and target to communicate for purpose of different tooling for development of embedded software needs. It allows single configuration per target or sometimes even no configuration. It has a small overhand input frame on target side. Actually agent can be made very small and also it has a transfer agnostic channel abstraction and it allows all the discovery of targets and services. Here's some history of the project. This framework was developed by Windriver and it was donated to Eclipse Foundation in 2007. In 2008 it had an initial release. It included the core protocol specification and initial Java framework, C-agent that worked on VxWorks, Linux and Windows examples and Eclipse remote systems explorer integration and debugger integration for CDT. In 2011 there was a major release in terms of functionality. We had a terminal service, actually that was donated by Yachto people, disassembly wash points and initial support for Python binding and target explorer was added. This year TCF reached 1.0 release and now it includes the Python binding target explorer and we also added the lower shell to the agent. Unfortunately community didn't quite grow. Right now main development is still done by Windriver. There's also Xilinx that employs two initial authors of target communication framework for Windriver employs and Monavista that's me. TCF code is licensed under Eclipse public license and C-agent is also licensed under the Eclipse distribution license. That's a BSD license used by some Eclipse projects which require dual licensing along with EPL. For more details on that license you can check the legal resources page on the Eclipse dot org. So the main architecture of the framework. All communication links can share the same protocol which simplifies the connection set up and allows transparent tunneling without the necessary protocol conversions. The protocol has transport agnostic channel abstraction so it doesn't depend on any specific transport such as TCPIP or serial or SSH. In fact any third party vendor can contribute the value at server to do a transport conversion from a standard TCPIP channeling to custom channels such as JTAG or even proprietary hardware connections. All services can immediately route through the new transport and take immediate advantage of the value at. Currently the reference implementation that's out there support only TCPIP but other communication and addressing schemes can be added easily. All high level services operate on the channel abstraction. So some definitions. Under peer we understand the communication endpoint. Both hosting targets are called peers. A peer can act as a client or a server dependent on the services in implements. This is a group of related commands events or in their semantics define a service. A service can be discovered, added or removed as a group at a communication endpoint. And the channel represents a communication link connected to endpoints, peers. A single channel may be used to communicate with multiple services. Multiple channels can be used to connect the same peers but no command or event ordering is guaranteed across channel. So the TCF communication protocol defines data packets properties and roles common for all services. It also defines contents of a part of a packet. The rest of the packet is treated as an array of bytes at that level. It provides multiplexing, open multiple channels per peer and also proxy packet forwarding on behalf of other hosts. The protocol defines three packet types. Request, results, responses and events. Each packet consists of several protocol defined control fields followed by byte array of data. Binary representation of control fields is a sequence of zero terminated SQ strings. The format of the data depends on the service but the framework preferred marshalling for data formatting is JSON. So command, in command a token is a unique stream generated by the framework for each command. It is used to match results to commands and a service name is used to identify a service that handles a command. A command should always be answered with the result. The result doesn't have to be positive. It can include an error code or can be a special end result that indicates that command was not recognized but there always must be one. Since the client cannot detect that a response is missing, if for some reason the peer is not able to answer the command it should consider such situation as a fatal communication error and it must shut down the communication channel. It's not necessary to wait for a result before sending the next command. In fact sending multiple commands in a burst can greatly improve performance especially when the connection has a high latency. But at the same time clients should be carefully designed to avoid fluid in the communication channel with unlimited number of requests since this will use resources in forms of memory to store requests and time to process them. Next packet type is event. Events, well this whole framework is event driven so that's the most important packet probably in here. So in the event the service name identifies the service that fired the event. Events are used to notify clients about changes in peer state. Services should provide sufficient variety of events for clients to track remote peer state without too much of pulling. Clients interested in a particular aspect of the target site should have a model of that state and update it by listening for relevant events. If a service implements a command that changes a particular aspect of peer state then normally it should also generate notification events when the same part of the state changes and it should also provide a command to retrieve the value of the state to be used by clients to initialize the model. Service events are defined statically together with commands. The framework does not do any event processing besides delivering them to clients, however service can define additional event related functionality if necessary. For example, commands for event filtering, enabling, disabling, registration, etc. If events are sent too frequently they will cause flooding of the communication channels and degrade performance so some care should be taken when designing events for a service. However, too few events will force clients to pull for changes and can also degrade their performance. Also there is a special type of event which is called flow control and it can happen that one side of communication channel produces messages faster that they can be transmitted and that will cause traffic congestion. So by flow control event this situation can be reported and so clients can react to it. Next feature which is my favorite personally is the auto discovery. Auto discovery is done by the locator service and it uses a transport layer to search for peers and to collect data about peer attributes and capabilities services. The discovery mechanism of course depends on the transport protocol and it is a part of that protocol handler. Experts known by other hosts are added to a local list of peers. Automatically discovered targets require no further configuration. Additional targets can be configured manually. All TCF peers must implement locator service. That's the only required service and all other services are optional and formally they are not part of framework. So current implementation is based on UDP broadcasting and that implies some limitations like targets in different networks cannot be discovered. So what's already there? Today one can download a plain C implementation of a lightweight extendable target agent. There is a Java client API, usable standalone or on top of Eclipse. There are Python and lower client APIs. There is a complete debugger UI implementation in Eclipse, CDT integration for debugger launching. There is a target management remote system explorer integration profile system and process browsing. And there is a target explorer which is a lightweight UI for remote file system and process browser. Terminal access and debugger launch. We also provide documentation and usage examples. So current TCF agent has the following available services. The locator service, memory service, it provides basic operations to read, write memory on a target. Then process service, process service provides access to the target. OSS process information allows to start and terminate the process and allows to detach and detach your process for debugging. Debug services like memory and run control require process to be attached before they can access it. If a process is started by the service, its standard input and output streams are available for client to read, write using stream service. Stream type of such streams is set to processes. Run control service. Run control service provides basic run control operation for execution context on the target. Register service. This service provides basic operations to read, write CPU and hardware registers. In addition to commands that can set get individual register context values, the service defines commands to set get values at multiple locations. This allows to get set multiple registered context in one command to specify offset and size for get set on large register groups to get set truncated register values. For instance, only the low 32 bits over 64 bit register. So then we have this tech trace service. This service basically implements trace back tracing. Well, break point service speaks for itself, I think. It allows to set break points. Then the memory map service provides basic operations to get and set memory mapping on the target. The path map service manages file path translation across systems. File system service allows the operations with the target file system. The system monitor service can be used for monitoring system activity and utilizations. It provides a list of running process, different process attributes like mainline environment, et cetera. So it can provide functionality similar to Unix top or Windows task manager. File service provides access to targets, operating systems terminal login and allows to start and exit a terminal login and allows to set a terminal window size. If a terminal is launched by the service, its standard input and output streams are available for client to read, write, using stream service. Stream type of such streams is set to terminals. Stream service is a generic interface to support streaming of data between hosts and remote targets. The previous LTT and G integration used that for streaming data back to hosts to show in Eclipse. So this service supports asynchronous overlap data streaming. Multiple read or write command can be issued at the same time. Both peers can continue data processing concurrently with data transmission. Also multiple clients can receive data from the same stream. Clients are required to express interest in particular streams by subscribing for that service. And it also allows flow control. Well, disassembly service provides disassembly. And the context query service allows to search for context that matches the pattern. Unfortunately, all the debugger related services are architecture specific and right now only work on X86 system. Other services that are responsible for transport can be cross-compiled and can be used on different targets. But additional work is required to port the debugger implementation to different architecture. Well, there is a porting guide in the documentation that briefly says how to do that. But that has not been done by anybody from the community yet. Now I prepared a little demo. Here's my setup. Let me switch to my system. So that's an open SUSE 12.1. And right now I'm running a QMU X86. Let me find the console in here. There it is. So there is an agent running in the demo mode. And I'll start an agent on my host in the interactive mode. Now I want to see the peers. So there are four peers. I have two network interfaces on this one. And there is also one from the QMU. So we can see the appearing form on this one. As you can see, it shows the information about the peer. Now let's try to connect to it. All right, connection is established. So now let's send some commands in there. So roots for the file system, I got it. Now I want to try to open the root directory. And now let's see if I can read it. So it's returned me the list of files with the attributes. That's the command line. Now let's see if I can show you the clips, debug integration. It might take a while. Let's see what's going on. So while I'm trying to bring this up inside my virtual machine, which is quite slow, I can take any questions if you might have some at this point. No? No? Well, not really. It's not documented. Is it feasible for TCF to be a debug agent for the kernel itself? I mean, because that would be quite a useful thing. I mean, is it a KGV? Imagine it's getting a little KGV agent. Or some equivalent of that. When you debug the kernel, it's hard. Well, I think it might be possible to do this. But well, when the reverse commercial solution is based on TCF, they do not ship GDB-based debugger. OK? Is there a problem with the structure for handling an agent that needs to have a notion of it? You know, so I'm having to work for an associate vendor. And I know that probably none of them, everybody has got their GDIC cable. And there's probably no problem. Some common notions of GDIC are very confounding. So TCF is designed with that in mind. But there is no such framework in the open source because nobody is willing to donate their resources to do that. We should be happy to take your contributions. But right now, the community is quite small, though pretty active. And actually, I think that's one of the most friendliest community that I know of personally. And they're always willing to help. It's just they happen to work for vendors that see that kind of open source implementations as commercial disadvantage. I wish I could have launched that beforehand, but that would interfere with the command line demo. So I decided not to do that. Since I never demoed the command line part, and that one I showed at the ELC Europe in Barcelona. Yes, all clients are equal. And actually, the auto discovery is based on that fact. Well, we include the open SSL into the Linux implementation. Yes. Could you trace the bond on the process, or is it more about a remote system is more referring to the fall system, or? It's services-based. So a trace part is separate from the file systems part. All right. It doesn't make sense to ask. You want to ask a process for a reason, you know? So I'm just trying to understand when it's running on a private part, what is agent really reporting on the state of the system, or is it attaching to a specific process? So the agent, when the agent gets the command, it looks for a service that can handle that command, and then it launches that service. So if, say, you're interested in browsing files in the file systems, then it will start that service and get the data back to host. And if you're debugging, it will be doing that through different services. So each service is responsible for its own set of functionality. OK, finally. So target explorer is going to discover my target. I hope it never failed before today to do that. OK, yes. That's my target and their process and target and what I want to do. So I started at the top in Q and U. Now I do refresh. Now I do fine. And we want to attach. So as you can see, we're attached to the top. You can see the disassembly view here. Now I want my debug view back. All right, so if you do the suspend, you can see the registers here. Since they changed their marked in yellow, you can step over here in disassembly as well. So here, we don't have the sources. But I recompile top and let me start my top and detach. We'll do refresh again and we attach. So now we've opened the source file. And you can see variables and registers. And we can single step. That's something new because I only updated that yesterday from the latest Git snapshot. So breakpoints also work here. But then again, that's 86 target. No, it's not. That's all over the DCF protocol. OK? Is there a setting that is that for bugging most embedded systems is a two-machine process, right? The machine, the complicated one, connected to the serial port of the embedded machine. Yes? You have a DCF page that's running on the workstation and setting the functionality into the port. And then say you can set it from target. And then you have setting it from the target with some other user functionality as well. Can you cross people through the connection to that? Yes. There is a value at server. So there is a possibility to do that. Yes, that's in design. We don't have converters out there for, say, JTAG to TCPIP. That's not implemented, but that's possible. Yes. And there is a proxy that can do that, where you have to plug in your value add. Yes? And the target itself may have enough TCPIP? Yes. Yes, you can do that. So that's all I had for demo. Because I'm not sure that you're interested to see how it can browse remote files. So questions, any more questions? What's called? No? Okay. Would you really help talk if you have to do another than JTAG? No. Just what you do to debug with JDV. Nothing more. So some references? Well, our wiki, the documentation, and that's also where the source code lives. And the mail-in list is a great place to ask questions, and they're usually answered. So that's all for me. Thank you.