The Jack Benny program in a cigarette. It's the tobacco that counts and lucky strike means fine tobacco Yes, lucky strike means fine tobacco so round so firm so fully packed so free and easy on the draw LS MFT LS MFT LS MFT Lucky strike means fine tobacco So for your own real deep down smoking enjoyment smoke that smoke of fine tobacco lucky strike Excuse me, this is Kenny Delmar. Excuse me. I have a special announcement to make Herbitide and cigarettes are back good news for those who prefer a clock-tipped cigarette Herbitide in his back, and there's something about them Herbitide in his back after being made only for the armed forces Yes, Herbitide in his back that cork-tipped cigarette Herbitide in available now for you Yes, Herbitide in his back and remember there's something about them. You like there's something about them. You like This is Kenny Delmar. I trust you will welcome home Herbitide in There's something about them. You like Lucky strike program starring Ray Malan with Mary Livingston Phil Harris Rochester Mary Stevenson Ladies and gentlemen, we bring you our master of ceremonies a man who's down wait a minute What's the idea saying the lucky strike program starring Ray Malan? Well jack. I didn't see anybody get up and walk out I mean that has nothing to do with it.  Well, you told us yourself that ray malan was going to be our guest That still doesn't entitle him to top billing. He's just a star in pictures. I'm a star of stage screen and radio And we'll milk cows if you back him into Beverly Hills Just being smart I merely said that don didn't have to give ray malan star billing when he's only going to be our guest jack I only did that as a matter of courtesy don if you want to be courteous do it on the jenny sim show And another thing jackson, I know what you're beefing about. I've been with you for eight years And I've never had no star billing. Well, you've been with me for 10 years. I don't count the two years. I was auditioning Look, just be happy you got the job Now let's get on with gosh ray malan should have been here a half hour ago. I can't understand what's holding him up I saw his picture jackson. I couldn't understand what held him up either I saw the picture I went to the box office bought a ticket and they gave me my change in pretzels Stop with the gags already I'm gonna call ray jack jack jack. You don't have to ray malan just came in he did good Um Ladies and gentlemen, it is my pleasure to introduce our guest One of the finest actors in hollywood the star of the lost weekend And winner of this year's academy award ray malan Thank you ladies and gentlemen. Thank you very much. Say ray ray.  I'm sorry jack, but I stopped off at the newspaper office to put an ad in for a butler Oh, I thought you had a butler. Oh, I have three as a matter of fact, but they want a fourth for bridge Well, wouldn't it be cheaper to teach him gin rummy and let one of them go If it was jack, he teach him solitaire and let two of them go Very pleased Well, ray, it certainly is a wonderful achievement getting the oscar Tell me how did it make you feel? Winning the academy award. Oh, I don't know jack. I don't feel any different I'm still the same sweet modest lovable fellow. I always Gee if I ever wanted I'd be a louse Gosh ray what I wouldn't give just to see the oscar. Well jack by coincidence. I just happened to have it with me Wait 25 pounds.   Oh, yes. Yes. I'm sorry ray. I want you to meet the members of my cast This is mary livingston. Hello, mary. I'm glad to know you. I'm pleased to meet you mr. Milan Would you consider going out with a girl who doesn't drink? Why certainly mary in fact, I like to go out with girls who don't drink What are you laughing at jack likes to go out with girls who don't eat They're hard to find sister Ray, this is uh, this is phil haras. Hello phil amateur Phil you wouldn't appreciate this but lost weekend was something new something daring I doubt if any other actor would have the stomach the courage I mean, I doubt if any other actor would have the courage to attempt a role like that Well, let's show you how much you know jackson right now gary cooper's doing the same thing and saratoga drunk That's trunks saratoga trunks.  I'm just admiring the guy jackson. He does it and gets an academy award I do it and get a hangover Well, it's still the weekend go get lost now ray the reason I ask you to uh jack Jack do you mind if I ask mr. Milan a favor? Why no no, what is it done?  I know I know Well, I read something in shakespeare that I'd like to hear you do You know the speech that starts out to be or not to be. Oh, yeah, that's hamlet soliloquy Why certainly don't I'll be glad to do it. Good. Good. I copied the speech myself and made just a few minor changes Well, that's all right. Just give it to me. I'll be glad to read it. Here you are. Thanks Quiet everybody LS or mft That is the question here here Where that is noble in the minds of men who know tobacco best To be so round so firm so fully packed Here here or to be so free and easy on the draw Here here where where here? Oh, good citizen. Remember the quality Work for your boss and I'll work for mine And I ask you to come over here because tonight for our feature attraction We're going to do our version of your picture the lost weekend Now naturally since I'm the uh The star of this program the leading role will be played by me Now wait a minute jack. Don't you think as long as I originated the part in the picture I should also play it here. I do not I mean just just because you won an academy award has nothing to do with it After all when I was your age, I could have won an oscar too except there were no academy awards in those days There were no movies either Now and darn few people That awfully long arms, but they were still people I think I should play the lead but jack that doesn't make sense You brought me up here because of the lost weekend and you give me nothing to do Well, maybe say I've got a wonderful idea. Let's both play the part. We'll be twin brothers Twin brothers. Yeah, we'll give them a double feature. We'll be the burnham brothers. How about it? Okay with me That's fine. Now phil you'll be our older brother who tries to convince us that drinking is very evil Who's gonna convince me Phil is just a part after all, you know, I don't drink and neither does ray Now mary, you're gonna play jane wyman's part the girl that ray and I are in love with But you can't make up your mind. Which one of us you want the UNO should have problems that easy You know, you might have to take ray Now this play will go on immediately after these I'll take it Hello telephone call for mr. Ray malan. Oh just a minute. It's for you ray for me. Well, hello Hello, mr. Milan. This is raw justice But uh, aren't you already working? I sure am Well, why are you dissatisfied with your present position?  How much are you making now? Frankly, I'm ashamed to tell you but if I have a suit cleaned and go to a movie in the same week One of them has to be on the installment plan Well, you spoke of long hours. What kind of hours have you been working from eight in the morning till dark? Well, those aren't such long hours for a butler working until dark under normal conditions No, but mr. Benny has a sun lamp outside the kitchen window to fool me And that sun lamp fools you not only me his chickens have been laying six eggs a day I see Well, if you go to work for me, you'll find that your duties won't be hard, but they'll be exacting exacting Yes, for instance, I like my breakfast served in bed, but unlike other people. I can't wait. I want it there when I awaken Yes, sir. Uh, do you think you could have my breakfast ready the minute I wake up? Yes, sir. I'll pull the cork out the night before Now wait a minute. Now wait a minute. I think you have a mistaken idea about my drinking Rochester because I never Rochester Ray, let me ask that phone. Hello Rochester. Is that you? Uh-oh Rochester, why did you call up Ray Milan looking for a job? It was an accident boss. I called up the home way laundry and got this number by mistake The laundry then why'd you ask for Ray Milan? I didn't I asked for may dildan May dildan she's a starch girl on the fourth tub Rochester, that's a mighty weak story. What do you expect on a moment's notice a best seller? If you and I get home. Goodbye. Goodbye. Imagine doing a thing like that behind my back. Come on, Larry Let's have a song Sir to me sung by Larry Steven very good Larry. I bought that record you made of that song and it's swell Thank you, mr. Benny And now ladies and gentlemen for our feature attraction tonight Our version of the academy award-winning picture the lost weekend As our story opens Ray and jack bernham twin brothers have been persuaded by their elder brother philip To go to the country for the weekend At the moment the twin brothers are in the room packing curtain Music I don't know why we have to go away in this weekend neither do I but brother philip insists the pilot Are we all packed all just about shirts ties sweaters socks quartz fits and pints And put the bottles on the other side of the suitcase my underwear is snapping at them Now let's see Hello boys Hello, brother philip. Uh-oh those bottles again. I look boys. You got to stop this drinking Because we're all going out the country for a weekend and the fresh air will do us a lot of good Well, I'm not going now sure you are think of it fellas chickens horses rabbits and the scent of new moan hay Now you've just got to go because it'll be a wonderful weekend Why do we have to go because we want it on truth or consequences? Oh now look boys.  Liquor isn't good for you now. You should stay away from it Ladies and gentlemen the opinions expressed by mr. Harris are written in the script and are not necessarily his own I will go to the country with you. Well, you better get ready. We're leaving on the 715 train. Goodbye boys. Goodbye, brother philip See I hate to go away for a weekend me too. I was figuring on losing this one Yeah Brother philip's coming back hide those bottles. Okay there come in Oh, it's you jane. Hello boys. I just saw philip and he told me you're all going away for the weekend.  You know, sometimes I regret the two two are twins. I just can't make up my mind Make up your mind. What do you mean? Well, there are two of you and only one of me That's funny. We always see two of you Forget boys. Your train leaves at 715. Goodbye. Goodbye, brother philip. We mean goodbye janey Gee what twins we are we both make the same mistake quick. She's gone. Let's open the bottle. Okay Oh, gee. Look, we've only got two bottles left. Well, let's drink one and hide the other Okay, I'll put it up there on the chandelier. Good Oh darn it. I can't reach it. Well, give it to me. I'm higher than you are You are not I can do it. All right, but don't screw the bottle into the socket like you did the last time Right turn on the switch. You blew out a powerhouse at boulder dam Don't worry. Don't worry. There the bottle's on the chandelier. Now. Let's open the other one. Oh boys Yes, brother philip jane and I are going to the wait a minute. Give me that bottle. I'm going to pour it down the sink Oh, no, no, brother philip. Don't pour it down the sink. That's right, brother philip. Let Ray drink it That stuff will eat out the plumbing Well, I don't care boys I'm not going to give it back to you remember you're not to leave this room until it's time to go to the train We all brother philip Come on jack. He's gone. Let's go down to that spa room and he'll give us a drink. Okay Let's drop until you pay the bill you ran up this afternoon. How much do we owe you $18,000 Keep your old liquor. We're going to the country.  No You hold me up. I held you up yesterday I Smell that fresh air. Yeah, isn't it awful? That's what's wrong with this country. It's full of them. Let's go down to the corner to joe's bar That won't do us any good. I haven't gotten any money neither of us Not on nicker. Let's try the other side of the street. Oh This thing. It won't get us any drinks. I'll go home and get my violin. That's my line Let's lie down here in the gutter. Okay Wait a minute ray. Don't you want to put your head up on the curb? No, I always sleep without a pillow My feet are cold pull up that man old cover And now I'm comfy And keep me in here. I'm napoleon here. I'm napoleon. We'll get on my back. I'm your horse Ray, where are we? I don't know Let's ask that man in a white coat. Oh, yes Same as sir. Yeah You're in the alcoholic ward Alcoholic ward. I want to get out of here. Let me out. Yes. Let's go to here Oh, you don't want to leave until you've seen the floor show floor show. Yes in the middle of the night You start seeing me You won't see pink elephants. You're going to see red white and blue turkey. Oh goody. They changed the bill And then you're going to see tiny rabbits in straw hats Midget monkeys that come through the keyhole, you know the kind of talent that's handled by madman monks You'll see thousands of little snakes that knit themselves into a sweater and that isn't all Oh, I can stop it, but you can You're going to see beetles 23 of them running in the center need a handicap And 11 of them are in the fields There'll be grasshoppers five feet tall and there'll be woodpeckers pecking on your head Pack pack pack pack pack pack pack pack. Yes. Sir. You bet and how stop it stop it stop it That's it for the floor show And it'll start as soon as it gets dark It's like the doctor was saying to me Delirium is a disease of the night Well, good night Hey, he's gone. Now's our chance to get out. There's an open window. Okay, let's go. Here we are, back in our room. That's funny. We didn't even open the door. No, we crawled in under it. All right. You know, Jack, we'll either have to give up drinking or get our knees half-sold. Let's look for that bottle we hid. Let's see now. Where do we put it? Maybe it's in this dresser. Yes, the dresser. The dresser. Maybe it's behind the bookcase. Oh, it isn't here either. We've got to find that bottle. Maybe it's behind the sofa. Let me move it out. Yeah, the sofa. The sofa. Find that bottle. Wait a minute. The china closet. Yeah, yeah, the china closet. Paper plates. The bottle isn't there. I'm getting weak. I've got to have a drink. Sit down and rest a while, Ray.  I'll turn on the radio. There. I'll sit down. But I've got to have a drink. I've got to have a drink. That's equal. Oh, find that bottle. Find that bottle. I've got to have a drink. Wait a minute. It's getting dark. I'll turn on the lights. All right. We found the bottle. We found it. Yeah, we found it. We found it. Say, Ray, I was just thinking. Wouldn't it be awful if mother were here? Yeah. There isn't enough for three of us. I'm sorry we blew out the lights. Now we're in the dark. Can you imagine that guy in the hospital saying we were going to see little animals? Yeah. Let me have a drink. What'd you say? I didn't say anything. Oh. Give me another drink. Huh? I didn't say anything. Do you mean to stand there flapping your wings and tell me you didn't say anything? Now what are you doing on the chandelier? I'm not on the chandelier. Well, there's something up under the... Look, it's a batch. It's a batch. I see it.  Oh, the monkey. He's coming at me. He's coming at me. Get him away from me. Get him away from me. Oh, the small little animal. And here come more of them. They're coming around to get him closer. They're surrounding us. Ray, Ray, look out. I can't help it. Ladies and gentlemen, two years ago, Dennis Day left our program and went into the Navy. At about the same time, another boy was honorably discharged from the Army Air Forces, and we were very fortunate in getting him to pinch hit while Dennis was away. Of course, I'm referring to Larry Stevens. Now that the war is over, Dennis Day will be back with us next week. Larry, I want to thank you for the wonderful job you've done on our show. You were a great asset, and I'm sure that our listeners feel the same way I do. Well, thank you, Mr. Benny. It sure has been grand being with you and your whole gang. Well, it was grand having you. We'll be hearing you on the air and seeing you soon in the new 20th Century Fox picture, Centennial Summer. Good luck, kid. Thank you, Mr. Benny. Compared to the courtesy of Paramount Pictures, I made the soon-seen and the picture kiddie. Jack will be back in a minute. Of course, here's my good friend, Effie Boone. All right. All right. Remember, in a cigarette, it's the tobacco that counts. And lucky strike means fine tobacco. Yes, lucky strike means fine tobacco. Here's what Mr. Roy Lee Daniel of Durham, North Carolina, 32 years an independent tobacco auctioneer said. I've seen lucky strike by fine, ripe quality tobacco that's chuck full of aroma, mildness, and good taste. I've smoked luckies myself for 15 years. Yes, sir. Lucky strike means fine tobacco. So for your own real deep down smoking enjoyment, smoke that smoke of fine tobacco, lucky strike. The famous tobacco auctioneer Mr. Effie Boone of Lexington, Kentucky. 49, American. And Mr. L.A., Speed Rigs of Goldsboro, North Carolina. L.A., 4-day. This is the battle rise deal speaking for Lucky Strike. L.S.M.F.D. L.S.M.F.D. Yes, lucky strike means fine tobacco. So round, so firm, so fully packed, so free and easy on the draw. Thanks, Ray Malan. Sorry very much for appearing on our program and congratul-


So what I'm working on Red Hat is a team called Quality Custom Experience, where we are not sure we are collecting the whole data from the OpenShift class to our customers. If they are OK with that, we do or try to do some magic and then provide the profit in terms of better user experience for the customers. It might be, you know, services they can use based on this data. It might be improving the product based on the analytics and so on. We basically are focusing on the phase two of this strategy and what I'm spending most of my time. And in detail what I do is I see probability clusters and my clusters I mean OpenShift instances because if the OpenShift instance is happy I don't see it like it's boring, right? We are interested into the stuff when the clusters that have some problems. So basically we are looking at the probability clusters and trying to reason about that and the rest of this presentation will be tightly coupled with this. I'm a data scientist. I'm a data scientist by training, but I do data science by accident maybe or by necessity because without that you can't do much in this business. So that's like I have an interesting relationship with the data science like it's love, hate, the relationship I would say. I love doing that. Data science doesn't love me always, but we are very good. One of the problems of the OpenShift when it comes to looking at the problems or understanding problems is the underlying from infuse telemetry and alerting and the distributed notion of the queerness where each component has basically their own definitions of what's the problem. And the problem is when there is some central issues or root cause in the cluster multiple components start complaining about that. So what you end up having is some timeline where you have multiple alerts triggering at the same time. So there are maybe 20 different alerts that we've seen around 9am, but there were not 20 problems that the cluster has seen. It might be one, two, maybe three, but the problems are different than the signal that we are having. So the question is can we do something to reason better and show closer the root cause of that, which I believe I'm describing in this next slide, basically. We tried to do these alerts, the signals that we have about the cluster into some related things and ideally also being able to reason about the cause and the consequence of all these problems. And that's why this talk is about correlation and causation because it's tightly coupled with this particular problem. So we now will move away a bit from the open shift itself and I will talk about this problem in more broader terms. So one thing when it comes to the grouping many times you start thinking about maybe clustering and people that have tried or seen some machine learning thing, that's the first thing that you suggest. Of course it's clustering algorithms just do that. And the question is really should I do this path or this path or should I not? That's the question. So we tried that. We tried some clustering algorithms so we did our embeddings thing. We did principle component analysis. We did damage mode reduction. We did clustering algorithms of all sorts. And it kind of works. One of the problems that we had there is that once these are basically different symptoms that if they are close together somehow mean that they were related or happened at the same time. The problem with this approach is it's hard to interpret. You can feel that they are probably related but there is some limitations of reasoning about it. That's why in machine learning we mentioned that there is problem with explainability. That's one of the reasons. It does something but you can't tell much how it does. So we can also try a different approach and that's what this talk will be about mostly. So you have this all this fancy machine learning, deep learning, artificial intelligence stuff. You know in the state that there are high-tech skills that have been around for some time and I don't think we should forget about that. So we will be taking a bit more statistical approach on trying to find these relations. And I believe that's the end of my slides and now I will switch to this different deck and that's how we know that there is some data science going on because out of the sudden there is a Jupiter node. So you can be sure that there is some data science going on. There might be some other things going on in Jupiter node but we have also data. So there is something with data and in the next cell we also have some latex equations so that is science, right? So in the data we have science so we are doing data science. Before we jump to some data I prepared small magic trick. I never trained that so it might not work at all. So I have here for some toys that I have in this bag and I have a special capability which is called chromatic ear which means that I can hear the color. So I've never tried it. I just have a feeling that I know that and I have to do it. So I randomly choose some item and play silence play some voice. Okay, I think I think it's red. It's red, right? I haven't looked at it. I just saw it. I just heard it. So So how did I do that? You can only read objects in the bag. Oh, I forgot to show you. Oh, okay. That's all right. I'm doing it the first time I'm doing this. Of course there's a trick and it's a really silly one. So it's that the cube is the only one that's red? Yes, of course. You can't find no other cube with the other color. But you would not be able to do this trick if I gave you this bag because you would have no information about the statistics so that's what differentiates me about being able to do this kind of thing. And now it helps its nice segue to something called probably this occasional theory where this is all about these things. So if I talk and I have some marking here we're not talking about this a lot. This also is probability of one thing while the other thing is true. So in this particular case what's the probability of object being red when the object is cubed? It's one. 100%. But we can also do it the other way around if I have red objects and what's the probability of it being a cube? So I have three cubes one sphere so it's three quarters the probability. So it's one misleading thing about Bayesian theory is that probability of one versus the other is different when you switch the directions and that's like I will maybe sometimes still use this as the visual representation of that because it makes it easier. So we're not talking about objects and colors we're not talking about health data on the open shift and that's basically some property that you have or don't have which we call symptom and I will not talk about open shift I'll have to say because it doesn't tell you much but I will talk about something closer to humans which is the human disease I'm sorry about the feedback I was not able to figure out anything more positive. Not that it's being tested positive Anyway, so we have a data set that I just created for this occasion where how to interpret this is that I have for example 10 patients that are or have positive flu test and have this set of symptoms fever, cough, headache, you know it we have also some lucky patients that have flu but no symptoms we just happen to test them positively but they are completely fine so think around we also have some I think I included some unfortunate person that had chicken pox and all these chicken pox symptoms but we also break broken his leg so double unlock there but I included there just to show that we could have multiple reasons for the symptoms and the sensation we want to be able to spread that so in here we can reason about the consequences of flu and fever and how it relates to the open shift is that in the open shift role when you have just a stream of alerts you don't have any metadata saying DNS is down you can expect some component or some container being broken we don't have this metadata the task is can we find these relations the data that we have but back again to our data set with our patients so how we can find some or start reasoning about relations between different symptoms so we'll be using this Bayesian theory here where we'll be looking at the probability of one thing while the other thing is happening so in the first thing we'll calculate the probability of having a fever we'll have a flu so it's probably not that surprising that we have a flu there's a high chance that you have fever in that occasion so when we are running that in our data set basically we need just the number of patients that have both fever and flu that's basically in this it's the number of red cubes and the flu all the patients that have a flu that is the red thing so we have red as a flu and the subset of that is the fever and flu so it's red and it's cube so it's the denominator and the denominator is the whole set of objects so it's nothing else than just looking at all the patients with fever and several patients with flu and we get about 60% based on this synthetic data set so it seems that it's kind of related but we can't tell for sure yet why is that we don't know what's the probability of fever in the whole population like in this case it would be probably intuitive to say that probably only a few percent of the population has fever but if the fever was set with thresholds of 6 degrees I would not tell you Fahrenheit I'm sorry then basically everyone would have it and would be useless for our analysis so it's still good to calculate the probability of the fever itself and then we can compare these values so what we did here is something that's called likelihood ratio and at the top one we still have the probability of fever when in a flu and we compare it to the probability of having fever in the whole population and we get some number which if it's higher than one there is some sign it's significant there is some correlation so the higher the higher the number is the more these things are correlated so that's good what I mentioned there is that in the open-ship world we don't really have the information about correlations like what's causing we have just seen those of individual components so is there some way to set this direction like compare it maybe so if we look right now about the probability of fever when in a flu and then compare it to the whole population we can also try to switch around so taking the probability of flu while we have a fever just for fun so again like nothing new it's really almost the same as the first one we just really switch the order basically we just switch the denominator we have no different numbers so the results are different as well there is still high probability of having flu while we have fever like nothing surprising about that and we can also calculate this or compare it to the whole population probability of the flu which is this ratio so we have 0.6 0.23 and now we have 0.47 0.18 now the question is like what's the result of that and it's almost the same number it's not the same number just because I was rounding the numbers while doing this so that it doesn't produce too much output but basically these two values are the same so we two different directions we will get the flu versus fever and fever versus flu we even have different ratios but then when we calculate that we ended up with the same number which for me was surprising then I will get Bayesian theory and all this how it works and it has to be this way so the conclusion is that these numbers are symmetric and doesn't give us any indication of the causality just for this reason so when people say correlations of causation one of the reasons for that is many times when we calculate these correlations they are symmetric so you can't tell much more about can't reason much more about it Sir just to start to correct you is that an the fact that the numbers are always same is that because is that always going to be the true when you switch them or is that because the way that this data happens to be and that's always the way you can you can agree with just with Bayesian theory I don't have enough time to do it but it's fun for sure so it will not work for us for the reason but we can compare different things and I will repeat like what we compared before is having flu while fever compared to having flu without any other conditions we can also formulate it differently or use a different comparison mechanism which is probably I have flu while I have fever compared to I have flu while I don't have fever there's a difference I don't compare it to all the feverness or fluveness I compare the flu while I don't have fever which is something that I've learned later it's called relative risk because first I was making up some so if you search for it it's relative risk so probability of flu while I have fever well I don't have fever so you'll calculate that so this is no fever then no because there are many patients with other symptoms that is neither flu nor fever so probability of having flu without no fever means you need to have other diseases and they are also common so we ended up with 0.9 and we can do the same the other way around we still have the original probability I have the flu compared to flu and no fever and we ended up with a different number so basically this is the equivalent of our first situation in here where we were comparing of two probabilities now we have just a different correlation so it's so we have flu fever and no fever and now we can do the same for fever versus flu again I have different ratios there the question is will they be the same and if they would I would probably not give them this presentation right so they are different now we see that flu compared to fever has 5 and fever compared to flu has 4 and it tells of something so this is basically where static thinking can be used to indicate the causality of the problem so that's pretty much about the theory and the assumption is that the higher the score the closer the symptom that is at the first place there is causing the fever so I prepare also a function that is calculating these values in tables so that you have all these numbers in one place and we see that flu has higher relative risk than the fever compared to flu so we will indicate that flu is causing the fever also I can show this for the likely good ratio you've seen this it's 2.58 number it's this one so basically we can compare and you can see really here that this is electrical so you can't tell much about this so how does that actually work it's nice to have some synthetic data set and it just worked so if you want to understand how it works I have here really simplified data I have 10 patients with flu and fever I have 10 patients with flu and nothing else 10 patients with fever and nothing else and I have no other patients would that work in this case and it doesn't because it can't and why it doesn't is that we even have lower relative risk when it comes to flu and fever and fever and flu just because the symptoms are called this way but the data are not really real it just will not give us the correct answers so one thing that this approach really needs is quite good data and first of all you need some other examples some negative examples that don't mesh neither flu or fever so I will include some patients that don't have these symptoms and now we start to see some correlation between flu and fever because otherwise it can't reason about the probabilities it doesn't know about anything about how common fever or flu is and the other thing that we also need is some disbalance so right now it's still showing similar correlations because we have 10 patients with flu and fever and 10 patients with flu and nothing at all so we can't reason much but we can increase the number of patients with flu and fever and we can also include other reasons for the fever other than flu 50 and now it starts showing up like now we see that flu relatively ratio to fever is much higher than fever versus flu so there is like you need other reasons for the fever to be in the data set to stop being able to reason about this it's not that different from how all these patients see a large language model of work they need a lot of data a lot of examples to be able to deduce the probabilities it's much more simplified in this way but you still need data and on the other hand you can also use this as a test to tell whether the data you have are really useful or not, you can just have garbage in, you can garbage out you can't do much about it so that's some experimentation with the data and now can we do it for the whole data set I was comparing just the flu and fever but I had the chicken pox I had the broken legs I want to see the holistic picture so I have prepared this table so you can see the relations, right? it's clear you are a data scientist so let's do something so this is basically the graph representation of that basically we ignored the low relative risks we just don't put a line between the head and the broken leg because the relative risk was just below one or below a threshold and we include the line between them and you already see some components in this graph and you can apply some graph theory there where rush, chicken pox and fever could be considered as one common thing that if in graph theory I learned that it's called click or something like that that you can search for these components similar fever, flu, cough, sore throat even headache is somehow related and it's going to be a tiredness we have on the broken legs and bones part we have this whole component that is related to pain because I said the data set to be this way so because I think you see no arrows there so I was still ignoring that part but we can also draw the arrow, sorry the arrows there pointing right there direction and now we have the directions when the direction means we think one is cause of the other so the symptom is pointing to the cause and you can see the chicken pox and flu here are the only points that have already incoming arrows so everyone points to those directions which is in my opinion I'm not saying it's perfect it still relies on how quality data you have and all these other things are not that simple this thing can combine multiple symptoms and how they differentiate things but there are some properties of it that are also much much nicer such as it doesn't require any GPUs no GPU was hurt and you can still run the GPU if you can't wait for 5 minutes and you won't have it in 1 minute or so but it's much easier to do you can also with the machine learning algorithms it has some benefits as you can really reason about it it still some numbers that you can put some meaning behind and you can iterate fast and as you can understand how good you have or your data have I mentioned the cons with power so the conclusion I would say for that is that both don't be shy to use both, don't be shy to use stats just because machine learning is cool but notice that this boring guy is proposing machine learning the cool guy is proposing stats so that's pretty much what I wanted to the message I wanted to give here and the last thing just if you hear data science don't think about the job for the data scientists or any other experts to do this kind of things and compliment this whole area with some knowledge about the field itself and you really don't need to be organized to do this kind of thing you can look at me as an example of that so with that I guess we are running almost out of time so thank you very much for your attention and I will still have maybe 3 minutes for questions so how is the time to the questions do you want to have more trees because if we do I can't help you there is some question what are some real examples where you were able to use this and get to root cause analysis were you able to show us some examples great question and actually we were not planning this but I have some real example here about the root cause it is still something that I need to apply to the real world and we have seen some of these indications but when it comes to the clustering grouping the things together this is some real data where we have some cluster where it has some issue in you which you can see have multiple different alerts we don't really want to reason much about that we can do some time grouping which is just grouping the things together based on the time that appeared but then we can apply this additional contextual grouping and I will highlight this particular group and I will also do this thing so when we did the time grouping we had these ID members down and Brazilians other alerts but there was some noise introduced there because some other incident was happening at the same time when I include the additional contextual grouping grouping it is now split into two things so we still have the the ID members down but then we have the board security evaluation which is not related and just for the statistics that we have about that we can actually separate those two that is basically the area of applying this kind of approach for the real world not just for playing around thank you for the question


Russian media, over 33,000 Russian soldiers killed in war with Ukraine. Journalists from the Russian service of the BBC and MediaZona have discovered that since the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the war in Ukraine, at least 33,236 Russian soldiers have died, of which 3,836 have been mobilized. The study carried out by the Russian media is based on obituaries in the media, reports on social networks from relatives of the victims and local authorities, etc. Since the start of the Ukrainian counter-offensive in July 2023, at least 2,448 Russian soldiers have been killed, including 234 officers, of which there were two generals and 11 colonels. The investigators note that the last time senior officers of the Russian army suffered such significant losses was in the first months of the invasion of Ukraine. At the same time, every third person who died while repelling the counter-attack of the armed forces of Ukraine was mobilized. In total, since February 2022, 3,863 mobilized soldiers have died in the war in Ukraine. One in five of them survived at the front for less than two months and 60% died in the timeframe from 1 January 2023. Separately, using the same method, the journalists examined data on dead servicemen from the self-proclaimed Luhansk and Donetsk People's Republics. After examining the published obituaries and reports of the search for the so-called nationals from Luhansk and Donetsk People's Republics, who have not been in touch for a long time, the journalists came to the conclusion that by the end of September, up to 20,000 soldiers of the self-proclaimed Republics of Donbas could have been killed in action.


Tip when teaching English as a foreign language to children, be prepared to deal with parents. Last but not least, you will have to deal with parents when teaching young students. Sometimes language schools abroad have a separate local teacher for this due to possible language barriers, but every teacher of children needs to communicate with parents to some degree. This could be informing them about the goals for the next semester, the children's learning goals, such as the syllabus for the school year, and most important the child's individual progress. Thanks so much for watching. We are ITTT, the leading provider for TEFL and TESOL training courses. If you like this video, please subscribe by clicking the button down here, and click on any of the videos here on the left for more interesting teaching tips for getting certified to teach English abroad and online.


Good day, fellow investors. I really hope you're doing great today. Recently, I was watching a Wall Street Journal video about how global leaders that were present at the Davis Conference were very, very positive about Europe. And I was amazed about the strength of the positivity about what will happen in Europe. It all looks so perfect in Europe. Now, am I the only insane guy here that doesn't see it that way? Let me elaborate on what they have been saying, and then I'll show you my point of view. At the end, we'll come to a conclusion that's very, very interesting and very important on how to position yourself when investing in and out of Europe. Okay, David Rubenstein, co-executive chairman of the Carlisle Group said that prices in Europe are still pretty low and Europe is actually a pretty good place to invest now because Mario Draghi, to quote, has been a magician in making sure the economy did pretty well. Ken Moialis discusses how there is more stability in Europe. The feeling is that Europe will push through the negative effect of Brexit. David Serra, CEO of Algebra's Investments, believes that in the next three to four years, we will see in Europe what we have seen in the States in the past three to four years. Jonas Preising, CEO of the Manpower Group, raises the Marcon government for what it did in the French labor market, as he says it was more than what had been done in the previous 40 years. Isabelle Koher, CEO of NG, discusses how the atmosphere is very positive and France is back. Wopke Huxtra, the Dutch finance minister, praises themselves that they have done great things on the field of supervisory and resolution in the banking system in favor of a European banking union. Pierre-Carlo Padoan, the Italian finance minister, expects to bring many Europeans back to the labor market by applying new technologies. He mentions the women that are at home not working will be working in the future thanks to new technologies. Now, I don't know what they give them to drink there at Davos or it is because of the rarefied air at altitude, but that's the biggest pile of peep that I have heard in a long, long time. And it reminds me of similar situations in the past that didn't end up that well. In 1929 Irving Fischer, the famous economist, said that stock prices have reached what looks like a permanently high plateau in September of 1929. In early 2007, Ben Bernanke, the Fed chairman, was mostly concerned about the economy growing too fast in the future. So he was concerned that the economy will grow too fast in the upcoming years. So imagine the disparity between what was the perception at that moment and what happened in the future. Something very similar to what is going on in Europe. Extremely positive perception, everybody is happy, everybody is high. Yes, they're high on free money and usually it doesn't end well. However, there is one thing I agree with. Mario Draghi is definitely a magician. He has printed so much money out of thin air that he puts David Copperfield in a shadow because something like what Draghi did is pure, pure magic. I don't know whether this illusion will last and whether our money will be there after the illusion ends. Let's see. Now, being confident is great in relation to anything, but it's not that good when it comes from free money. People are so accustomed to free money that nobody sees it as a problem. But don't forget that the ECB is still injecting €30 billion in the economy every month. How confident would you feel if there is somebody buying all the bonds you can issue and most of those bonds at negative interest rates? This is the chart that shows how much the ECB has been buying. It was €60 billion up till last month. Now it is €40 billion. And I wonder what will happen when they stop or they start selling bonds. It's impossible that they do so. So it's a very, very delicate situation. The situation has led to distorted financial markets, especially for those assets that are in demand. Just look at prices in Amsterdam compared to the rest of the Netherlands. In the rest of the Netherlands, prices have been flat. Look at the right column. While in Amsterdam, prices went up 60% in the last three, four years. 60%. All thanks to the previously shown chart with money pumping that went to the rich that buy real estate. The ECB still holds interest rates at zero and it even charges bank 0.4% on the money those banks hold at the ECB. It seems to me that Europeans are high and have become addicts on free money. To me personally, any kind of country or in this case continent that has been enjoying economic growth but only thanks to free money and 0% interest rates over the last few years, it's sick beyond repair because you cannot increase interest rates because everybody is high on interest rates. You cannot stop buying bonds because everybody likes that you buy those bonds. You practically eliminate anyone's risk and that's a very, very distorted financial market. However, the ECB went even further. If we take a look at ECB buying bonds before the French election, you can see how they have been increasingly buying French bonds in order to keep the situation in France stable and let Marcon win the election. It is crazy how far those central bank interventions go. Of course, no country goes bankrupt. Greece doesn't go bankrupt because there is so much money coming in the form of very low interest rates and in the form of ECB printing. Italian banks, they don't go bankrupt. If 20% of the loans are bad, let's make something, let's invent something, let's put it to the taxpayer to whomever, let's make the ECB buy those bonds, repackaged and who cares? Of course, you won't go bankrupt. Companies, they compete around the world with negative interest rates so they have an extreme competitive advantage. Again, very, very distorted financial environment, very distorted business environment. Now I can go on and on about how the youth unemployment is very high, how future Europeans are not developing their skills, how the government debts are increasing and ballooning up and how that will be a burden in the future. But that's really something that everybody knows or knows but doesn't think about it because it's much better to be confident. So I want to talk about something else. I want to talk about what can happen and that's something important because there are two options that are in my mind and both are very, very different and I bet you they will surprise you. The first scenario is, okay, interest rates start to increase and then somebody yells to keep it in European spirit, Hans Christian Andersen, the king is naked. So the money is worthless and then everybody starts selling the euro, everybody starts selling the European assets because nobody wants to touch something that has been so artificially distorted. That's one way. The second idea is that the ECB keeps interest rates low forever because everybody is addicted on them, keeps buying bonds, keeps putting helicopter money and yes there is higher inflation but everybody is happy, everything goes on like it has been now going on. So on one case there is a scenario of crash, doom and gloom but on the other hand there is a scenario that for the next four or five years everything continues with a little bit higher inflation and everybody is happy as long as the ECB keeps buying because if they don't stop because if they stop buying then the country, the continent is in trouble. So what to do from an investing perspective? First, don't get tempted by the lower, relatively lower valuations in Europe. The risks are huge. So if you are a long-term investor from the US don't get tempted by the euro. I think the euro is much more risky and much more unstable, much more fragile than the United States. So if you want international diversification, look at Asia, China, South America. There you might find better diversification plays for your money and of course also cheaper with much less risk because it's a different story there. Demographics in Europe are going down, there is no people who is going to work. Very, very complicated situation. If you are from Europe, the strong euro now as everybody is confident is a good idea to think about diversifying across the world. If the euro devalues, if the euro collapses, you are protected and also from inflation. We don't know if the euro and stock markets will crash or stock markets will go up because the euro will weaken. So it's a very delicate situation. It can happen both ways. The only way we, the only thing what we can do is being prepared. Thank you for watching. I'll see you in the next video. Looking forward to your comments because there is a lot to comment, discuss and learn from what's going on in Europe.


Okay, great. So let's go through, I think today's, you know, so I would like to go through this, you know, the comments on this document. Any other topic, I mean, items you would like to discuss? No? Okay. So then I think then, so let's just first go through the, I'm not sure whether, you know, you have gone through all these, the spec, the document in detail or not. Let me go through the comments. Okay, let's go down. Hi, I still see your comment here. You think is it resolved? I think we agreed last time, we are going to sit it to resolve state, right? Or you still have some questions or comments? Sorry, what comment was there? Sorry, I can't see the screen. I'm driving to the next. Oh, you are driving? Okay. This is first, you're coming, you say, you know, on this, on the trigger, but I mean, this correlation thing should be out of scope. And then we discussed that last time in the, I think in the second meeting. Pardon? Sorry, I cannot hear you clearly. So you want to set it to be resolved? Yeah, I'm fine with that. Okay. So you're going to set it to resolve. Okay. I think the second one is also about the event state. So I assume you're going to set it to resolve, right? That's what you want to build. That's fine. Like, I don't agree with it, but it's not. But, you know, okay, I like to know. So these use cases, I think already show that we really need a state to handle the events. Similar to traditional works that do, but like, in my mind, we would not call it traditional or close to solving. I think that's fine. Make any more progress talking for the group ones. Okay. Okay. So then let's go through this. So let me see. Oh, so not hero. So is it okay? Like, you know, we said, you know, we have this on the different state. And then we have a start pulling. Is that okay with you? I think it's okay, but I have one concern about start state. If we use a flag of the start or not, I think if we have a hunger like state, I think all traditional become massacred. I think just one of them are true. And the rest of 99 are false. So I think I'm not sure the flag is effective or not. Okay. So which case you think it will not cover with a flag? Yeah, I think the flag works okay. But my concern is just a minor concern. If we had a hunger like state and all works sequential, in that case, only one of the states become true, right? Okay. Say it again. I didn't quite follow. Sorry. I think I understand your concern. This is Louie. So what you're suggesting is that in all the other states, other than the actual start state, this boolean would be false. Right. So what I would suggest here is that in fact, if the boolean, you know, that field start is not present, it defaults to be being false. So, you know, if it's not a start state, we just simply leave that field out. And that typically happens if there would be default values that if the field is not present, it takes on a very specific value. In this case, it would be false. So all we would really need to do is to have one start, one state with that shows start equal to true. Yeah. Okay. It took me the long way. Yeah. I mean, we would need to obviously make that quite clear that there is a default value for that if it's not present. And that would be false. Okay. So we probably need to add that clarification into the document. Yeah, certainly. Okay. Good. So, Luis, are you going to add that or? Yeah, I'll add that. Okay. Thank you. Yeah. Great. Okay. So that's, that's good. Okay. So let me see any other. Okay. So this is a heroic start state. And then, so team, I think, yeah, teams, that's result because he see that again, a hero here. Okay. You all say, okay, how do you pass a result of action to the next state in case of parallel? Do you have a list of output to the next state? Yes, we have a list of output to the next state. Is that solved? The hero up to, it's solved, right? Okay. Okay. Yeah. If you can put this as a result, you know, that would be good, you know, your market so that we do not to revisit, you know, this again. Okay. Great. And how about this one? This one say, do we allow to spend more than one function in action list in case of sequential, sequential more than one? Yes, we allow. So this is resolved. Is it right? Yes, but I have one concern. Okay. Go ahead. If the state had more than one function, so the meaning of state became ambiguous because if one state has two functions, actually there are two states inside. So I'm just wondering. So if that a state has two functions, so those two functions can be executed in sequence or in parallel, okay? I understand, you know, you can break that into two states if it's in sequence, right? Is that what you mean? Yeah. Okay. I think this is up to the user. We provide this flexibility, say, okay, if you have two functions executed in sequence, you can break them up into two states, or you can just, you know, put into one state. But these two functions execute in sequence, you know, it's up to the user how they want to, to the users how they want to position it or how they want to write the workflow. We, I think probably it's not, we do not need to put any restriction there, you know, because, yeah, that's my take. What do you, what do you think or do others think? Yeah, I think it's one way, I think. What's that? Yeah, I think that is one way, I think. I agree with that. Yeah, okay, we said. Okay. Yeah. Okay. So if you can resolve this, that would be good. Okay, I will do that. Okay. Another is yours again. Is the result value assumed that arrow value? That's because result value is not arrow value. I'm just wondering if we know successfully. I think example. Yeah, this also, you know, is this resolved? Yeah. Okay. So if you can, you know, resolve that would be good. Okay. And how about the next, yeah, the next thing what you mean, you propose parallel state, right? I think that's a good suggestion. I think, you know, all that I did in and also, so have you taken a look at that parallel state? Yes. Okay, is it good? Yes, it's good. Okay. After reading this parallel state section, I made a comment whether or not if, whether or not the parallel or sequential flag is necessary. Move up? Yes. May that one comment just before meeting regarding the state. Okay. So maybe, maybe we will go to that, your comment later. Can I just, I just go to sequence one by one. Is that okay? Yeah. So let's just say, okay, so the parallel state that's resolved. Yeah, I know if you have another comment, we can go to that. You have another comment say we specify range condition, such as, you know. The comment above that you are talking is a new one. This one. Yes. Oh, okay. If we introduce parallel state, actually, we no longer necessary because it implies sequential. Let me see. Into a parallel state, right? Action mode. Yeah. Will be no longer necessary, right? Action mode. Okay. Not necessary, right? Because in parallel state, right? This is like an embedded state, parallel state. Under each, okay, so it's a parallel state. So let me take a look at this. You are, so you comment on this place. Okay, let's see here. Parallel state, right? There's, yeah, there's no action mode. Okay. So, so how this is defined, let's see parallel. Just, I think to clarify here, I think before we get into the actual parallel state, I think that here you're commenting that if we introduce parallel state, then we no longer need to have a, an action mode in the operation state or the event state. Is that correct? That's your comment? Right. Okay. So the, the ability to have an action mode with, with a set of actions in both those states, both the operation state and the event state essentially is a convenience. So it allows, you know, within a, say an event state or an operation state, you actually have the ability to, to run these functions, set of functions in sequence or in parallel. And otherwise you have to now, you know, introduce another parallel state and to have it simply there present within the state itself, the operation state or the event state, makes it more convenient in terms of being able to, to simply add a set of functions, which may typically be the case within one of those two states. Yeah, I agree with that. But that convenience might, might confuse, might make user confused, which parallel state should be used. That is my concern. Right. So I mean the, we, we could look through some different examples or use cases where the one or the other could be used and see whether in fact it's necessary to have the sort of the action mode with being able to set parallels, sequential within, within a state, you know, just as a, as a proof. Yeah, I think this topic needs to be visited after we discussed the basic direction. I remember that in the first meeting, we talked a little bit about the basic direction. What, what kind of new feature are we going to try to solve or something like that? So I think my understanding is that we are having to discuss that basic direction yet. Yeah, I mean, I think we're still at the stage where, you know, this is certainly a way forward what we have in this document, but you know, we've, we're going to be having, I think we're, there's some other presentations that we're going to be having on other options. Yeah, so, so I think I got your point, Nahiro. So if we have this parallel state, right, implicitly, you know, it's, if there's no parallel state inside the operation state or inside the event state, that means it's a sequential, right? That's your point, right? Yeah, I guess we can think about this, you know, maybe we think about this and also maybe Louisie think about this and then, you know, everywhere else think about this. We probably, let's see, you know, whether we really need that action mode or not. We said action mode, if it's, you know, if in that, if we have the action mode, if the action mode specified parallel and then inside it, there's no parallel state, I think that's still useful, right? That still provides a way for the user to write it. That's a good way. What do you think, Nahiro? I know you have thought through this very well and I'm thinking, you know, so you are assuming always inside it, inside the operation state, there's a parallel function, executed parallel. So you think it will always put a parallel state inside it, but actually we can also allow the user to put a parallel function. It's not parallel state inside it. So the user can put, you know, functions executing sequence inside that operation state or they can put that, you know, the functions executing parallel inside that operation state or they can put a parallel state inside that operation state. That means, you know, that allows for, you know, more complicated use case with parallel state. But I think maybe majority use cases probably do not need this parallel state. It only needs, you know, either sequential or parallel execution of the functions. So I think, you know, putting that action mode there will make the, will provide an easy and straightforward way for the user to write its use case. Yeah, you are saying that the convenient way is necessary, right?  So they can just say, okay, this function is executing parallel or in sequence. But if their use case is really, you know, complicated and they need it, you know, on those embedded state, like, you know, inside operation state or inside event state, they need another, you know, some other states, right? Then they can use this parallel state. What do you think? I think probably that's that's, that's, I think that's probably, I think, you know, if we can provide this flexibility, it will be better than just say, okay, you'll always have to go through the use of parallel state. Maybe think about it. We can probably, you know, discuss that next meeting. So what do you think? If you, you can have some time to think more about that. That's my, my real point. I'm not sure other people will. So, well, my take is a state is not serial or parallel. State is a state. It's the actions within the state that are serial, parallel actions. I'm not sure I completely concur with having something called a parallel state. But that's just me. I think this parallel state was introduced because, you know, the hero was thinking, you know, there are some use cases which could be complicated, a little bit more complicated use cases.  So they could be like, you know, some functions executed. So for example, in that part, so there could be like two function to fun. So in that state operation state, right, there are two, it's going to branch out to do this to, to two different states. And they call, we call this parallel state. And one state inside it, they could receive, you know, another event. But then the other state might not need to handle that event. Something like that. Now hero, is that right? Is that what you have in mind, you know? Yes. I have an example. Can I show you my example? Sure, where?  Would you like that? Yes. Okay, so let me stop and you can share this, you can click share your document. Do I need to, uh, you can doc. Oh, you can share. Okay. I'm not sure how, whether you can share, but is there anything I need to do to make you, to enable your sharing? Oh yeah, you can share. Okay, let's go. This is written in the Amazon schedule. And here is a parallel state. Here is a parallel state. And there are four branches. And the current graph cannot express this. Okay. So here is the parallel state. And the branch has four, four states. Okay. Four branches, four parallel branches. And the current specification without parallel state cannot express, I think. Okay, yeah. So, so far, are you okay with now hero's explanation? Yeah, he's got a use case. Yeah, I guess that's fine. Okay. So, you are done. So let me, let me go through my again. Okay, hold on just a second. Let me switch to my, uh, can you see my screen? Oh, okay. So this is a, okay, so that's a parallel state. So action mode. That thing, maybe you can think about it, the hero, and then let's revisit it next, in next meeting. Is that okay with you? Yes. Okay. So now let's go to the, here, have another comment. Okay. Yeah, could you explain your comment and Louis, I think I address that too. Okay. Yeah, I have two comments. The first one is the right hand side of the diagram. So I think it's better to have another function and the filter between the function. So you are suggesting adding another filter between the functions? Yes. So correctly, the diagram has only one function in the right hand side. Oh, okay, I see. And the second comment is left hand side. The diagram says the event source receives the response from the problem. I think I just wondering if this is necessary because even if it is, you think, right? Yeah, hi. Hi, Nihira. Yeah, I've responded to those. Yeah, I think definitely what you say in for question number one, comment number one is that we should in fact add filters. So if you've got multiple occurring one after the other, we should have filters on the responses and again on the as each function is involved. So we're able to transform both the request going to the serverless function and the response that is returned back from the serverless function. And we can probably modify the diagram to show that clearly. And talking about the second one, so I agree that what we've talked about typically is that if we have an event source, we simply get a unidirectional stream of events from that source without any responses going back. But I'm thinking about maybe there are other instances where an event source may actually have, or there may be responses going back to that source. So that's what I'm showing this. It's not necessary that we actually have that call a that response filter. I have to show it in the diagram. So I can potentially remove it from the diagram if it's to avoid any confusion in terms of having a filter or at least a response even going back to an event source. So what do other people think about that? Yeah, so the first, I think the first one, you say would like a filter between the functions between the functions, right? Yeah, I think I also think that's a good suggestion. I think we need to add that. In terms of the response to the event source, we cannot, we do not, there could be some event sources that need response, right? So is your point saying, you know, no event source needs response from the workflow? Is that your point? I think that you are saying that the event source receives some response from the message queue or something, right? But my point is that event source typically does not get a response from the workflow. Yeah, I agree. So you say event source does not get response from the workflow, is that your point? Yes. But typically event source receives response from the event queue or something. Okay. So I think I heard someone else say, okay. Yeah, that was me. This is Barron. I agree. I think events are pretty much defined as asynchronous. If they are synchronous, if they're coming from something that expects a response, I don't think it's really categorized as an event. You'd go through like an API gateway or something like that. Okay. Yeah, I think so. So how will you solve it? Let's say the event does come to an API gateway and expects a response. How would that be solved? Good question. Yeah, so I mean, there are maybe use cases where the event source is something like an HTTP client and it's expecting a response to come back. And so I think traditionally, and then you would certainly expect like just a 200 okay or something like that. But if they're expecting some response which contains data and not sure. Yeah, I think you're right. The synchronous events do complicate the entire workflow. There's no doubt about it. But I'm not sure if we can say this because it gets complex. I mean, we don't support it. So if like there are some, so I think probably, you know, we cannot say, there's no, we cannot say 100% say that none of the event source, it would expect a response from the workflow with some result. So maybe we should expect her to just keep that, keep it here, this response just in case if there is an event source that would expect a use case that would expect a response, then we have it covered. Yeah, I mean, we could certainly update the diagram to make it quite clear that there are event sources that only emit events, but don't expect any responses coming back. And there are other event sources that do in fact have responses and expect responses coming back. And with data attached or payload attached to them. And that filter can be used to actually transform that data in some fashion. So, you know, we could just add another diagram to clarify that, add some text to clarify that. What do people think? Yeah, I think that would be great. Okay, so Louis, would you like to add that or you? Yeah, I'll certainly add something. Okay, great. Yeah. That's pretty much about it. Let's see the, we write, have we written down all the meeting minutes? So let's see, then we have all the meeting minutes covered. Oh, we didn't write that much. Okay, so. So, Doug, are you taking down the meeting minutes? Yeah. Go ahead. Go ahead and do it. I got distracted. Sorry. Yeah, so if you know, I think we discussed quite some, maybe with the idea later, you know, we, I think we discussed, we go through these comments and then so how we agree to resolve each of these comments. I can go ahead. That's fine, you know, maybe, yeah, or I can help write it down later or maybe someone catch that of a heart if you can help write it. Yeah, I can update those. Okay, Doug. So this is any other comments from any other comments on the document? Yes, I have one comment, very minor comment. Okay. Which page? The parallel, I think parallel. The one? Sorry. The parallel state. The section one. Okay, let me go there. Is here, right? Yes, I think there, I noticed that there is a one duplicated sentence. There's one duplicated sentence. Okay. Where is it at? Yeah, here. Each branch continue to. Oh, continue. Okay. Is this duplicated or not? Duplicated with what? It's continuous until reached state that has no next state. There are two sentences that start each branch. Oh, no, it's not duplicated. Here the first sentence says each branch has a list of states, right? It could be, you know, a branch out, right? So each one has a list of states with one state as a start state. Oh, no, it has a list of states. I'm sorry. Please look at the information passing section. Next section. Oh, okay, information passing. Okay, here. Okay. There is two states that start input data. Is this duplicated? Oh, yeah, yeah. This is duplicated. Let's see. The last one is a little bit different. You heard it in the request of some of this function when it moved from operation state. Yeah, this seems like duplicated. Thank you. I think this is duplicated. Okay, okay. So what do other people think? Luis, you think it's duplicated? Yeah, we can fix it. We can fix it. Okay, good. Okay. Okay. Thank you. Wow. Thank you for the catch. So any other comments? So any other comments which we have not addressed or resolved in the meeting? Yes, I think we have an information on how critical it works. I think we need to make down how filter works, especially how filter transforms the data. Oh, filter. How filter works? Yeah, how filter. I can imagine how to how to filter the data. But right now I can't imagine how to transform data. Okay. I think we need we to look at that and work out a way of actually developing a syntax with the semantics. That's sort of an open issue. I mean, it's more in the details. I think we initially wanted to get kind of setting the right direction here for the workflow here. But we can certainly look at that more closely. So what do you like is, you know, is say the details of how the filter filters out the information and then, you know, and transform the information, something like that, right? I think there are two cases because the filter means reduce the reduce and hold the data, right? But transform something, create another data. So the word filter it seems to me makes us understand the functionality. That is my feeling. Okay. I have a somewhat related question. In the case of, you know, several states in in sequence, for instance, does the last state get the out basically have reference to the output of all of the previous states or only the one directly before? So it's the previous one. So the last state get information from the previous one. But the previous one will get information from its previous one. So actually, the last state actually gets the information. It's like accumulated or filtered information of all the previous states. Do I explain that? Well, at least from, you know, is it Ben? Yeah, it's me. I'm not sure whether I address your question. Well, no, can you explain that again, please? Okay. So I suppose there are three states, right? One state two and state three, right? So state two is going to get information from state one. Okay. And then after the filter, whatever filter the user want to define, right? Of course, the user can choose not to define any filter on or whatever filter. So state two got that information. And then the state two is going to pass that information to state three. So so from the state diagram, it seems like the state three get information from state two, but actually the information, but that information already contains information from state one. Right. I guess it's up to state two to pass that through, as opposed to just saying like, you know, for instance, in a parallel workflow, I think we talked about last meeting, the next state would get essentially a list of all of the outputs of the previous states, they're very parallel. I was wondering if you can, can you generalize that so that, you know, basically everything gets more or less a map of state or events rather? Yeah. So, so, yeah, right. So for the parallel state, because it's one state branch out to multiple states, right? So that's why, you know, for example, if from state one, a branch out to parallel state, you know, there's three parallel states, parallel state two one, parallel state two two, parallel state two three, right? So these two one, two two and two three, they're going to get input from, from the state one, still get it from the previous state. It doesn't got it from, you know, you know, it's still the state that preceding it, it just because it's branch out, so they all, these three states have the same previous state. Does that make sense? Yeah, I guess I'll just see out how this plays out. Okay, yeah. So it's, yeah, it's, it's still get it from its previous state, it just, you know, because of branch out, so you feel, but actually it's the same thing, it's consistent. I mean, it should be no different from AWS step functions for parallel, parallel actions, right? No, yeah, no, no difference. Okay. So, so I think, you know, one, one, so here I mentioned, we need to, and define the, how the filter, really filters the information, right? Anyone would like to give that a shot? That's an open question. Open, I mean, work item. On a hero, back to give it a try to write something up. Okay. Okay, good. Because this is a, you know, document, anyone can add any, I mean, anything reasonable. Yeah. Okay, that's good. Any other questions or comments? So, so my question is to note now hero, is there, is there any, I mean, again, I want to go back to parallel state, is that what you need to achieve, you can't achieve using parallel actions. In your slide, you showed where some event happens, you go to a state, and then you have parallel states, one doing something on Azure, one doing something, I didn't see Google Cloud, but anyway, isn't instead of, go ahead. My question is, instead of introducing parallel state, because my only concern is now one workflow breaks up into multiple different workflows. So my question is, instead of allowing that, can't you, what you want to achieve, can't you achieve that using just parallel action, but within the same workflow? I would say this is, it's not separate workflows. This is, this is managed and executed as a single workflow. I think that's a key thing here. This is, this is not having a parallel state is not a separate workflow. Yeah, that's what we see in something like, I think it's in step functions, they have a parallel state, and that is a single step function, state machine. So it's treated and it's managed as a single entity. It's not a separate managed entity, single managed entity, it's not a separate thing. Although internally, certainly there is concurrency in terms of the parallel execution, it still manages a single entity. Yeah, I think, yeah, I agree. Good, yeah. So maybe, so maybe Nahir, would you like to share your diagram again, so people can understand that you'll taste better? Let me stop sharing, because I think that's important. Otherwise, you know, I'll stop sharing. Okay, if you can share. This might be worthwhile to actually, Nahir has posted that link. It might be worthwhile actually looking through some of his examples. We may not be able to do it right now, but it would be worthwhile having a look and seeing if the proposal that we have right now does address what he has in that Github. Would that be okay? Oh, Nahir, probably you can add your use case to this back, because we have a use case section. Maybe you can edit your use cases there, add this diagram there, so that, you know, we know, okay, there's such a use case, then we can go through the document to see whether it addresses your use case. Is that sounds, does that sound good? Maybe my English is getting a little bit, I just want to, I have a question. If we have, if we have a question. You mean on question? So I think the first question is, you know, to see whether your use case can be addressed without the parallel state or not. He would like to know. Yeah, in this, this is your use case, right? You have some. Yeah, this may or can not be expressed with parallel. If we, if we, if we execute the state using excitation, the graph, graph after me, so we, the last, last value have to be past state of the language. So, here I would suggest that you put your use case, you know, use case and this, I cannot see clearly this diagram, but if you can put your use case and the use case diagram in the, in the section, in the use case section of the document, that will help people, you know, help us to understand your use case and see that we really need a parallel state. Yeah, I can, I feel we need it to, to support those complicated use cases. I think that's a very key, key thing to. Yeah, okay. Okay, sounds good. Okay, any other comments or questions? Let me share my screen again.  How's that? What do you think? What does everyone think? Pardon? Okay, good. How about other people? If no objection, I think, probably I will leave this for, open for comments for maybe one or two more meetings, and then, you know, it can kind of wrap this document up, and then I put into some GitHub for the workflow, workflow specification document. But of course, if, you know, we have a lot of comments coming in, then we're going to keep evolving this. But again, you know, no matter what, you know, everyone is free, you know, encouraged to modify it, or add new things to, to this spec, to make it more, how to say, make it more flexible and comprehensive, to support all the use cases you have. Yeah. Any other items you would like to discuss? So if not, I think we can end this meeting, and then we're going to continue in next meeting discussion. And then if not many comments, I think we can wrap it up. Okay, I guess, you know, it's all a silence. That's all from my side. If no more comments, I think that's all. Thank you very much, everyone. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Bye.


Justice Imeka Uite of the Federal High Court, Abucha on Monday adjourned the trial of Abba Kiari and six others till March 14th. Mr Kiari is expected to remain in custody of the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency until he reappears in court at the adjourned date for his bill hearing. Mr Kiari before his suspension was a former deputy commissioner of police, while the other four senior police officers also pleaded not guilty. The two civilians in the trial pleaded guilty to five counts, six and also seven counts. Shortly after the defendant entered the plea, the NDLEA, through its Director of Prosecution and Legal Services Joseph Sunday, applied for a trial date and for a review of the facts in respect to the defendant that pleaded guilty to the charge. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Welcome to World's Best Videos. This video is presented by Miraculous.com We've compiled the list of facts about popular YouTuber and social media sensation, Vanoss Gaming. Let's get into it. Evan Fong, or better known as Vanoss Gaming, was born on May 31, 1992 in Toronto, Canada. Vanoss is half Korean and half Chinese. He grew up playing sports, hockey being his main one, and even played it for Richmond Hill High School. Evan also spent his time playing the electric and acoustic guitar. After graduating high school, he would continue his education at the University of Pennsylvania and study economics. Growing up, Evan wasn't much of a gamer and mentions that he would play video games here and there, which included adventure and puzzle titles such as Freddy Fish and Pajama Sam. When he first began on YouTube, his parents reminded him not to forget about his schoolwork. He opened up his YouTube channel on September 15, 2011 and since opening it, he has compiled over 20.6 million subscribers and 7.2 billion total upload views. His earliest upload is a remix of White Boy 7 Streets saying it doesn't matter. The video currently has over 3.7 million views and 92,000 likes. His fame on YouTube has spread across to other social media platforms. On Twitter, he has over 2.2 million followers while following 455 people. His verified self-titled Facebook page has over 2 million likes and 2 million people follow the page. In 2014, Vanoss was nominated for Trending Gamer at the Game Awards. He took to Twitter to announce that on April 30, 2015, he had signed with Jetpack, which is an MCM founded by MCNanners and Syndicate. On July 25, 2015, Fong announced that he had been working on a game called Dead Realm as a creative director. Evan announced that he was releasing the new logo for the Vanoss gaming brand. The logo was a white minimalistic of an owl on a black background. There is also a diagonal cut through the design creating a letter V. Well that concludes the video guys, hopefully you guys did enjoy the video and if you did remember to smack that like button, let us know in the comment section below what you'd like to see next. And if you haven't already subscribed, please do subscribe to keep up with the world's best videos.


My fellow Americans, at 7 o'clock this evening, Eastern time, air and naval forces of the United States launched a series of strikes against the headquarters, terrorist facilities, and military assets that support Muammar Gaddafi's subversive activities. The attacks were concentrated and carefully targeted to minimize casualties among the Libyan people with whom we have no quarrel. From initial reports, our forces have succeeded in their mission. A few weeks ago in New Orleans, I warned Colonel Gaddafi we would hold his regime accountable for any new terrorist attacks launched against American citizens. More recently, I made it clear we would respond as soon as we determined conclusively who was responsible for such attacks. On April 5th in West Berlin, a terrorist bomb exploded in a nightclub frequented by American servicemen. Sergeant Kenneth Ford and a young Turkish woman were killed and 230 others were wounded, among them some 50 American military personnel. This monstrous brutality is what the latest act in Colonel Gaddafi's reign of terror. The evidence is now conclusive that the terrorist bombing of Label Disco Tech was planned and executed under the direct orders of the Libyan regime. On March 25th, more than a week before the attack, orders were sent from Tripoli to the Libyan People's Bureau in East Berlin to conduct a terrorist attack against Americans to cause maximum and indiscriminate casualties. Libya's agents then planted the bomb. On April 4th, the People's Bureau alerted Tripoli that the attack would be carried out the following morning. The next day, they reported back to Tripoli on the great success of their mission. Our evidence is direct, it is precise, it is irrefutable. We have solid evidence about other attacks Gaddafi has planned against the United States installations and diplomats and even American tourists. Thanks to close cooperation with our friends, some of these have been prevented. With the help of French authorities, we recently aborted one such attack, a planned massacre using grenades and small arms of civilians waiting in line for visas at an American embassy. Colonel Gaddafi is not only an enemy of the United States. His record of subversion and aggression against the neighboring states in Africa is well documented and well known. He has ordered the murder of fellow Libyans in countless countries. He has sanctioned acts of terror in Africa, Europe and the Middle East, as well as the Western Hemisphere. Today we have done what we had to do. If necessary, we shall do it again. It gives me no pleasure to say that and I wish it were otherwise. Before Gaddafi seized power in 1969, the people of Libya had been friends of the United States and I'm sure that today most Libyans are ashamed and disgusted that this man has made their country a synonym for barbarism around the world.  To our friends and allies in Europe who cooperated in today's mission, I would only say you have the permanent gratitude of the American people. Europeans who remember history understand better than most that there is no security, no safety in the appeasement of evil. It must be the core of Western policy that there be no sanctuary for terror and to sustain such a policy, free men and free nations must unite and work together. Sometimes it is said that by imposing sanctions against Colonel Gaddafi or by striking at his terrorist installations, we only magnify the man's importance that the proper way to deal with him is to ignore him. I do not agree. Long before I came into this office, Colonel Gaddafi had engaged in acts of international terror, acts that put him outside the company of civilized men. For years, however, he suffered no economic or political or military sanction and the atrocities mounted in number as did the innocent, dead and wounded. And for us to ignore, by inaction, the slaughter of American civilians and American soldiers, whether in nightclubs or airline terminals, is simply not in the American tradition. When our citizens are abused or attacked anywhere in the world on the direct orders of a hostile regime, we will respond so long as I am in this Oval Office. Self-defense is not only our right, it is our duty. It is the purpose behind the mission undertaken tonight, a mission fully consistent with Article 51 of the United Nations Charter. We believe that this pre-emptive action against his terrorist installations will not only diminish Colonel Gaddafi's capacity to export terror, it will provide him with incentives and reasons to alter his criminal behavior. I have no illusion that tonight's action will ring down the curtain on Gaddafi's reign of terror, but this mission, violent though it was, can bring closer a safer and more secure world for decent men and women. We will persevere. This afternoon we consulted with the leaders of Congress regarding what we were about to do and why. Tonight I salute the skill and professionalism of the men and women of our armed forces who carried out this mission. It's an honor to be your Commander-in-Chief. We Americans are slow to anger. We always seek peaceful avenues before resorting to the use of force. And we did. We tried quiet diplomacy, public condemnation, economic sanctions, and demonstrations of military force. None succeeded. Despite our repeated warnings, Gaddafi continued his reckless policy of intimidation, his relentless pursuit of terror. He counted on America to be passive. He counted wrong. I warned that there should be no place on earth where terrorists can rest and train and practice their deadly skills. I meant it. I said that we would act with others if possible and alone if necessary to ensure that terrorists have no sanctuary anywhere. Tonight we have. Thank you and God bless you.