I put loads of slides together because I wasn't sure how much Mark was going to be updating and see if there would be some interest there that was great and some great news that came through. So I'm Mike the Bee Beardmoor. There's loads of Mike Beardmoors around and when I started my Twitter account I think I needed a name that was shorter than my full names to make me unique. So I created Mike the Bee and it seems to be successful. I always say with the Twitter handles and things people need to be able to spell them. So if I say Mike the Bee with two E's generally people get it. So I like to think of myself as a tech ninja having grown up before mic processes, interested in computers but being big things and didn't want to do punch cards. When mic processes came it gave me a real opportunity to get involved and I've enjoyed doing it both professionally and now as a maker and helping people and others. But this is how I think I might look but I suspect you look at me and you think I'm like this really. Hopefully the smile comes through even if it isn't on my face as it is on the character here. It came from the open clip part and it's a great thing to see some really nice useful bits of an open clip part that I could include. So we've talked about TTN. Who actually knows something about the Things Network? OK, good. Mark's given a bit of introduction as to what it is so I'll be able to slip through quite quickly. But I'm very keen on what the Things Network people put in their original charter really which was to create an internet for the internet of things. So a community developed internet that would be free and available to everybody globally. So the confusion often arises when I'm talking to people interchangeably using Laura, Laura Wan and other terms. Laura is the radio protocol. It is basically peer-to-peer, just a single channel. Laura Wan extends that to multiple radios and multiple channels, spectrum and parallel data flows. It can be proprietary in some ways in the way that it's actually implemented or it can be open in the way that Things Network are doing it. All encompassed under the LP Wan. So one of the great things I'm looking for although some of the we'd like to say would be open but we can't use totally open radio technology. This is a patent by Semtech but they've formed the Laura Alliance or were one of the first members of the Laura Alliance which is a group of all interested parties who have extended the protocol to allow both commercial and open implementations to be done in a secure way. Open Laura are one of the groups that are pushing the open side of things. The Things Network are a group that got together in Amsterdam after an arts project. They were so inspired by the arts project connectivity option that they chose which was based around Laura Wan. One of the guys there who was a serial entrepreneur said, I have some money. I'd want to really bring this out throughout the world. How do we do it? Well, we create a community that rolls out and build all the models but also support them in terms of hardware and software by crowdsourcing. Last November, so that was last July 2015, last November, Mark Stanley was inspired to stand up a Reading Geek and inspired another group of people to get together including myself and form TTN Reading. So, how do we build TTN Reading? Well, there's some really good webcasts on the Things Network YouTube channel about building it. And the most recent ones were from New York, New York City and also a small town outside New York. Small, big, 150,000 people, they say, a little tiny place, 150,000 and how they did there. The latest one was about Sydney and another town outside Sydney, Australia, where a semi-commercial company that's already doing radio systems was inspired by the open nature and they decided to adopt the Things Network and Laura and they're rolling that out and they tell us how they did it. And both of the common two things there were that they wanted to involve the communities and get the groups together. Building a network of communities to build the network around the globe and roll it out. Mark Stanley's bit about Reading was presented there and one of the things he said about the community side, about building bridges and used a common theme of bridges. He started off by talking about the bridge in Reading and the bridge in Sydney and commonalities. I found this one and he said how long the bridge took to build and I think that's a good reminder of me that we think we've done well in one year, which we have indeed, but we may end up slowing down before we move forward and I think Mark's reference to, as the profile increases the regulatory involvement comes in and that could slow things down and we need to keep pushing forward if we're going to be successful. The Reading Bridge, which we're going to use for a Reading 2016 year of culture illuminating project, will have a TTN data feed to it and we want to use that as an example of an arts use case because we want to bring in a lot of the arts community who aren't very geeky and don't really see the need for incorporating radio stuff and we'd like to show them how they can move on and use it, especially given the license-free nature of the TTN. So it was also a community bit of a project in that they had a naming competition and it was a time just before really the famous name came along but various suggestions were Lady Dice Bridge, Ricky Gervais of course coming from Reading was one of the suggestions, Swan Shredder I think because of all the guidelines that hold in the bridge up and Allie Allie O, I didn't understand it but apparently it was something to do with the end of September so if you understand it then explain it to me later but there were no Bridgy McBridge faces suggested so I think it was just prior to that bridge well no, Mcgate I guess. So where are we? Well we've got ten gateways around hosted by individuals and companies and the grow incubator here at the bottom which is a grow at Green Park under the big wind turbine for anyone who's been along them for we'll know that and now the job is to get nodes rolled out so we've got to build bridges, we've got to build bridges and we've done this Mark Stanley's been very active himself, geeks and norms we might say arts and business and we've got all these various people on board but also the local council are very interested because they see it's a way of lowering the costs of monitoring such things as traffic management which they currently pay a fee per node with so these are all the various places we've been currently talking to Reading Geek Night was the start as one of the evenings where various presentations are done Sage are a company that do asset management and resource tracking with their accounting packages and so they are interested in technology and they are very active I mean we know Sage as a small accountant or at least I know them as a small accounting company but they're very keen and they're really into all of the technology and incorporating it into their accounting Buses are very interesting, one of the most innovative bus companies in the UK as far as I can see and I think they've won awards on that, they've done a student bus which has a chill area at the back it has a game pad in it, it has a book case even interestingly and this bus is in big demand by various schools as they'll say well we'll lend it to or we'll use it as the school bus route for a certain number of weeks and they'll have a competition as to who because there's so many kids want to ride on this bus and you can find some photos if you look on the Reading Buses site Solent IoT won a group which is going to be a bit like the Australian model a little bit commercial and a little bit public and part of the idea is to be able to leverage both sides of it and make it a sustainable and of course the Solent area is ideal because there's a lot of marine equipment which is very expensive so the cost of a small device isn't so much but you might want a number of them so how are we going about going forward to the next stage we set up a company called Thingitude which is a limited by guarantee company which Mark tells me is a very good place to be in a very useful way so the idea being that it will potentially be a way of purchasing lots of things in bulk and distributing them out, a marketplace for people who have items to sell a way of providing a platform for both links for software and hardware and be able to basically make it sustainable for the Reading area but we want to extend it further than that so Thingitude is basically available for everybody it's not just limited for Reading because one of the difficulties with a global network is how do you balance the geographic and the task elements of it we have to have a geographic nature because the gateways are geographically located but the idea is that there shouldn't be borders around them so things like Solent, it's fine for funding and things then also we want to get on, talk to people like everybody here try and get everybody involved, try and bring you here and then use the social channels like Slack and the forums I also have a Twitter at TV TTNUG which is a Thames Valley extension of it which is something we did for 3D printers when 3D printing so next steps deploying sensors Andrew will be talking about Think Innovations and the workshop tomorrow Our Things is a brand that we've created at Reading Makerspace and I'll just quickly zip through some of the things we've done to actually get some sensor hardware to be available for people so this one, the microchip module you see in there with a shield, a very early prototype shield that Andrew created it inspired me to start soldering bits and pieces he provided a code for Arduino and the small version was a little one that you could plug on to any device that would do serial communications so then went on using that small device together with a plain Arduino UNO then I used my 3D printing to create an enclosure this one intrigued Ann Diamond when I did an interview on Radio Berkshire he thought it was a weird looking device so he drew sufficient attention on her radio show then we went on, obviously going through the normal process other members in the hackspace were inspired to look at it and went through this process of taking some of the raw SEMTech trips that are available on modules from RS doing, we always used to do prototyping on breadboards but now you use prototyping boards to create a device next stage it went off to China and produced some boards they came back and there were some ideas that we didn't need all these aerials and tantas sticking out so you've got GPS at this end, you've got TTN at the other end and an ARM Cortex processor in the middle that was then revised with a small display and then, so this is the basic board realised we didn't need the antennas so we got some active antennas at the end and evaluating the difference between a piece of wire and an active antenna and then we went on to make an enclosure for it and I have the device available in three minutes to have a look at it zip through so then they said well that's all very well but you need to do C programming bits and pieces and we've now done a version for the micro bit and want to get this out so that people can do it in education and I'll just zip quickly through if I can so we know all about the micro bit and this is the micro bit and the Laura or the things network Laura WAN compatible device which I have to show for people as well ok my name is Mark Hill from OpenTRV two years ago Damon from OpenTRV gave a talk about what OpenTRV is so I'm going to rush through that part and then get on to the meet and talk today which is all about the things network so very quickly we're about cutting carbon and this is how I'd like my heating controller to be as in turn it on in October and turn it off in May and not have to think about it in between that's what you get right now ok and yeah it's tough all these schedules and settings and numbers and all the rest of it and to be honest I just like it to work so that's what we're setting out to do and this is how we do it we have TRVs which are smart they contain electronics they detect whether or not you're in the room and if they think you're not going to be in the room for a while then they'll turn the heating down and then try and turn it up again when it thinks you're coming back ok pretty simple concept no one else out there is currently doing it you can have a look on GitHub all the hardware, the Gerbers, the Schematics the software it's all there it's all completely open now the relevance of this to long distance radio LP1 low power wide area networks Laura, long range Sigfox is similar technology I'm just throwing out the buzzwords just in case it triggers in you ok yep I've got that one I know which one it is basically what it is is a very low data rate internet of things and a radio to do that and the radios are quite small this little silver blob on the top is a typical one this is a microchip module in there and they're very low power and you can potentially run things for years and years and get your data onto the internet and the particularly intriguing part of what we're talking about today the things network is you don't need to pay somebody for that bandwidth you don't need to pay a yearly fee and you can use other peoples around the world as they set up on the things network as well so in particular what we're interested in doing is putting these low power radios into TRVs which are those little blobs there and groups of four in peoples houses get the data communicated to an IAT gateway which is basically a Laura gateway and then stick it into a data store and that can be on the internet but it doesn't have to be because you can set up your own IAT gateways for this as well and that's crucial because you can then share your IAT gateways with other people and we're looking at doing that in social housing by the way so that's the background for OpenTRV and why we're interested in Laura primarily however it comes with its own difficulties one being that I'm not a lawyer however Ofcom is interested in this kind of stuff and there have been some questions raised in the UK about whether or not this falls under the regulations of a public network for communications and it's not clear if it is or not and not being a lawyer and not sticking my neck out on this one I'm not going to say it is or it isn't but I'm just saying there are some issues around this if it is a public network we must have registration fine that happens we must have data retention as in the security forces or the police are allowed to ask for what data flowed across this network now this is done by ISPs all the time and it's transparent to us but it happens it's just where does that requirement land for a network like this which is layered on top of the internet is it the internet that requires this regulation or does this network require it and then terms of service so if you are a business customer it's quite clear in your terms of service you're allowed to set up a gateway and make it available to anyone any member of the public happens to walk by it's a device that works such as the one down at the bridge rectifier hebden bridge mill which isn't turned on at the moment Mike says by the way it is now fine if you've got business terms of service on your internet it works if you've got residential grey area we don't know if it's going to be accepted or not I had a look at mine it's not conclusive okay now more off-com stuff in theory this is particularly relevant for maker spaces rather than individuals if you are doing some R&D and not trialling by the way there's a difference between research and development and trialling if you are doing some research and development the testing regulations in off-coms say you need to have a licence because you're using a certain spectrum and your stuff is not CE compliant therefore you must have an R&D licence now the good news about this is they only cost 50 quid per location for 12 months the bad news about it is it takes something like 6 weeks at best to get yourself one of these licences as a maker space it's probably smart to go for one of these as an individual personally I'm not going to bother because the chance of anyone coming after you about this is not going to be large but anyway those are the URLs to apply for a licence and the guidance that off-com provide for it it's very important that if you do go and apply for one of these make sure you explain what you're doing in terms of the battery powered devices that you're going to take away at a distance because you want all those covered within that licence so that no one says oh great you've got that gateway covered you've set up but you haven't got all those little devices covered third one Mark Stanley who's not here today but he's very active in TTM Reading has been having a conversation or two with off-com and this is their most recent email back to him but the most exciting part is yeah, we're looking at it that's it, that's all off-com are giving us right now and yet we're suggesting to them that this is having a chilling effect on development as we're not developing this stuff as fast as we can because there is fear and uncertainty and doubt about what you're allowed to do with all these radio devices and this new type of network which potentially could replace a telecom's network and the telecom's companies and actually give all of us access to an internet of things network where you do not have to pay and there is good, I'm not saying universal good coverage not only in this country but around the world now that's quite threatening for a telecom's company and so there is some fud being spread in London now I know this is a northern audience and there are TTM networks up in Manchester and other places I'm down in London they are some people with money digital catapult they have bought some gateways from a company called Evernet which is a Russian-based company and they will happily dish out a gateway and give it to you if you agree to host it for Evernet now Evernet wants to make money out of this it's a commercial arrangement but you could at least get your hands on a gateway for probably a very little or no outlet there's also a meet-up happening specifically for low-pound wide area networks it's happening in London and then the things network themselves the guys out in Amsterdam and the guys in Rotterdam will be getting their TTM gateways out to us the latest update was November so that's a £200 gateway €200 €250 gateway let's do the right one €250 gateway that you can then have your own node on the things network that will allow anyone to connect so that's for the gateway the chips basically the little things that roam around all over the place, the devices there's two major licensees so far from Semtech of the core technology Microchip and ST, ST are quite late to the game compared to Microchip, Microchip are quite a bit further advanced on what they're doing at the moment they're not doing any work on the European version they're working on the US version a £915 megahertz one which is useless here because we can't use it so it's in its current state the same state has been since the beginning of the year interestingly however with their atmail acquisition they now have access to ARM cores and they're sticking a Cortex M0 core with the receiver circuitry for a node for the things network into a single chip they're going to have a tool chain that lets you stick your code that runs on the ARM into that, connects it up with their code that they need to have that's been certified that you're not allowed to touch because it complies with transmission regulations and all the rest of it in terms of duty cycles and lets you just have one processor inside your device which means the cost comes down this is where we're trying to get to ultimately it makes for cheaper devices currently they're flogging their devices at between £8 and £10 okay we'll have to wait and see how much they're actually going to charge but yeah, preliminaries maybe if we're lucky something like $8 they're having a workshop on their toolchain but it's horrendously expensive it's their global microchip go and do lots of courses thing STM, whom I used to work for by the way once upon a time have not released much details correct me if I'm wrong anybody but I haven't actually run into many details of what they're doing at the moment and that's been a long time since then and then the other thing everybody needs to think about with this and before you go and put all your eggs in this basket is what's happening with NBIOT and LTEM which are a whole basket of acronyms but basically are the telecoms companies versions of what's going to be a low power wide-air network if we fall asleep if we don't do anything about this if around the world groups like us don't do anything about getting a crowd sourced IOT network out there we'll be paying the telecoms companies to use theirs so if we want to have a crowd sourced IOT network we do have to do something now and whether that's just host a gateway or whether that's more actively joined in with devices and technology and so forth now's the time and lastly shameless plug okay OpenTRV as I mentioned we're interested in Laura for these things we're going on Kickstarter with our product in October November time if you want an open source way to control your radiators please go and visit myradbot.com and sign up and we'll let you know when our Kickstarter campaign starts okay and it's all open and feel free to go and get hub now and download it okay that's me


Trunk is looking to buy the Chicago Sun Times and that is the subject of Ken Doctor's latest column up right now on TheStreet.com. And Ken joins me now from Oslo. So Ken, explain the significance of Trunk's move here. Trunk also owns the Chicago Tribune. It owns the Tribune and nine properties around the country, including the L.A. Times and Baltimore Sun. So we know that Trunk has been kind of quiet for the last month after all kinds of activity earlier this year and after Gannett tried to buy it. And Michael Farrow, the chairman, has said that he wants to expand the company. In one way, it's no surprise because he, in fact, has been a part owner of the Chicago Sun Times. That ownership put into some kind of trust, but it's kind of inevitable that these papers would be combined. And does the deal get approved by regulators in your view? It would need to be and it most probably will be. If you go back the last year, Trunk tried to buy the Orange County Register and at the very last minute, the Department of Justice blocked it and surprised and exasperated Trunk. This time, it went to the DOJ. Within the last month, they told me yesterday when I talked to CEO Justin Dearborn and they said, okay, we don't want any problems this time. And they said, okay, well, do everything you can to find another buyer so that you won't create a single ownership. And they did, they said they have not found anybody, but then took the unusual step of having the Chicago Sun Times actually put an ad on its front page today saying the newspaper was for sale. And if you want to apply to be the owner of the Sun Times, do so by June 1st. All right. Well, it's a fascinating story and I urge everyone to read Ken Doctor's column up right now on TheStreet.com. Ken, thank you so much for joining us. You're welcome. All right. I'm Scott Gam and you're watching The Street.


Hello there, can everyone hear me at the back? Yep, great. Okay, well I'm a biologist, so one of the advantages of that is that there'll be no equations in my talk, so hopefully you'll understand it. We'll see as we go through. And today I want to share with you about bacteria. And the first question is what are bacteria? What is a bacterium? Well this is a bacterium, it's a single celled organism. And what I'm really interested in is the thing in the middle, the DNA. And hopefully you'll learn a little bit about that today. Okay, so why should we care about bacteria? Is my first question. And the first answer is because there's a lot of them. Five million trillion trillion bacteria, something like that, on planet Earth currently. And particularly interesting for us is that a lot of them are actually inside you. So your average guy, Bob, let's say, he's made up of around 30 trillion human cells. But within him, within Bob, we find there's actually 38 trillion bacterial cells. So technically he's more than half bacteria, at least on a cell count. But the bacteria are quite small, as you probably know, so they only weigh a total of 200 grams. So we care about them, cause there's a lot of them, but there's not just a lot, but they actually influence us in all kinds of ways. And there's lots of studies that are coming out recently about the connection with health, so lots of different things, our immune system, various diseases, and lots of supposed links between the bacteria in our gut and our health and how we live. But I'm particularly interested, not just in bacteria, but how they change. So this is the study of evolution. And evolution, first up, is this big picture idea. So it's the tree of life. But it's not just the big picture, it's also the process, or it's a process. I think the wrong slides are actually put up, but I'm not sure if that's changeable, I'll deal with it. Anyway, so this is the main process in evolution, is the process of natural selection. And that's how nature weeds out variation, which we have. So there's variation in nature. In this case, there's different colored insects. But nature can sort through that variation and produce change in the population. So you see that the distribution in the population changes over time. So it starts that there's a few green bugs, but if predators tend to select those, then there'll be fewer over time. And that's just evolution, it's a change in the population. And okay, so in general, it's changes in populations, but you can particularly change, or you can particularly study it in bacteria. And the way that, one way that this has been done is in flasks, so this is on the left. It's a very simple system, it has some culture, some material for the bacteria to grow in. And if you transfer a small amount for one flask, the next flask, the next flask, the next flask, every day for thousands of days, then you can see a lot of change over time. And this is one major study that's been done. And we are going up the y-axis, we have fitness, so it's basically a growth rate. And along the x-axis, we have the number of generations. So this study has now actually gone for 70,000 generations. This was just partway through. And basically, all we see here is an increase in the growth rate. And particularly interesting in bacteria, particularly important for us, is the study of antibiotic resistance. So when we use antibiotics to try and kill the bacteria, this changes again, as before with the bugs, this changes the population. So if we particularly don't use enough antibiotics, there's some that are still remaining. Some of these could be the ones that are remaining will tend to be more resistant. Over time and in different circumstances, you can get a huge growth in antibiotic resistance. And this is a huge issue for health at the moment. So people are saying it's the next apocalypse, or it's the next pandemic, it could be the apocalypse, worse than cancer, all of these really severe headlines. But it turns out we can actually, it's not just this kind of theoretical threat, but we can actually observe it. So if we start with this, so okay, so firstly, imagine a petri dish. Does everyone know what a petri dish is? It's just a small plate with gel in it that bacteria can grow on. And one study that's been done at Harvard University uses a huge petri dish, which is the size of a large table. So it's three meters long. So this is the petri dish. And it either ends, you have bacteria placed, but bacteria can't grow in the middle because of antibiotics. But over the course of a few days, you can actually see the bacteria starting to grow into the antibiotics. And that's because of evolution. So there's genetic changes in the system that allow the bacteria to grow. And over the course of a few days, you'll actually see it cover the whole, so I don't have the picture here, but it'll cover the whole table-sized plate. So this is the process of antibiotic resistance in real life.  It's a process, natural selection, but it's also observable. And one of the results or one of the results of this process is how antibiotic resistance actually occurs. And it occurs by what's called a trade-off. So quite often when you become more resistant to antibiotics, you lose something in the process. So by gaining an evolution, you quite often lose. Evolution is quite often a short-term, easy fix kind of process. And this graph just shows that the vast majority of mutations we know that cause resistance actually also cause a decrease in fitness for the bacteria that are involved. So most of them are on the left of this graph rather than the right. And I just wanna quickly explain to you how this happens. And it happens, this trade-off process, imagine a car, so it's a very complex machine. It has all kinds of parts. Some aren't necessary in some environments, but are in others.  You can chuck out the heater and it would be fine. But then if you move into a cold environment, you'll want that heater. So this is kind of what happens in evolution. The easy fix that makes the car more efficient will quite often happen. So just through chance events, the bacteria will tend to chuck out the stuff it doesn't need. And yeah, so this happens and this means the car is less fit ultimately, which results in this kind of situation. Okay, I wanna quickly talk through one specific example of this. And this is how resistance antibiotics occurs with different antibiotics. Okay, so one important antibiotic is called streptomycin. It's a kind of amino glycoside. And it turns out that the way that resistance to this antibiotic occurs involves something called a proton motor force. So we've got to start at the start with the structure of the bacteria. What's around the outside of the bacterium? Anyone? A membrane, sure. Okay, so this is basically what we've got here. And across the outside of this membrane, a lot of processes can occur because of a chemical difference across that membrane. And it turns out that different antibiotics use this chemical difference. This is called the proton motor force. In order for that, okay. And one, so the streptomycin requires this difference. And it gets pumped across the membrane. So it gets pumped from outside to inside using this proton motor force. So resistance to this antibiotic tends to happen by reducing the proton motor force. That's fine, but most other antibiotics actually require most other antibiotic resistance actually occurs by pumping things outside the cell. So different drugs like penicillins can be pumped out with the use of the proton motor force. So if you use both, basically, if you use both of these drugs in combination, the bacterium has a real problem. Because in order to try and adapt to one, it tries to reduce the proton motor force. But in order to adapt to the other, it needs to increase or use the proton motor force. So the moral of the story is if we understand evolution, we can actually prevent it happening or limit it or kill the bacterium much more efficiently. So using two drugs at once is a trick that we've learned by studying the kind of mutations that happen in evolution. So in conclusion, if we really want to understand these processes and survive the growth of the superbugs, it'll be a really good idea to understand bacterial evolutionary genetics. Thank you. It wasn't the right slides. So I think the best solution is just understand these processes better. So if we understand how the bacteria are adapting to our antibiotics, we can actually use the right combinations and prevent most of the problems that way. You know, some people are saying that, but there's huge kind of debate within what we're trying to question. Yeah, yeah, so I think we'll be fine if we understand the processes and use them carefully. So if we use them in a more targeted way, at the moment they're kind of just given out quite generously. If we use them together in very specific combinations, then we can kill the vast majority of the bacteria. There will be some that will be resistant and won't be treatable, but I think that won't increase significantly if we're careful with it. That's, yeah, that's my take. Yep, there's one at the back. I don't think so, unless they're transferring it to you, yeah. So everyone has their own gut microbiome and I don't really know how much of that is transferred. It just depends how close you're getting to other people, I guess, but yeah. I don't know, just as far as possible, probably, but.


Hello, I'm here to tell you about the Food Safety and Zoonosis program, which is focusing on some of the health externalities associated with livestock keeping. These externalities are important and large. For example, foodborne parasites, such as the conditions caused by the cystic circus tapeworm, which you see in the picture on the left, actually have a higher human health burden than either breast cancer or Alzheimer's. These are big problems. And these aren't the only health externalities associated with agriculture. Emerging infectious diseases are another important phenomenon. At the moment, one new disease is emerging every four months, and three-quarters of these jump species from animals to people. They impose another enormous burden, $7 billion a year, and cause such shocking and economy-threatening diseases as the avian influenza, the SARS, the MERS, the Ebola, which we have all heard about in recent years. But while there are challenges, there are also opportunities. The new strategic results framework of the CG opens an unprecedented space for work on the health externalities of agriculture. Here is an excerpt from the SRF. You can see at the top the three major goals, improved food and nutrition security for health in the middle, flanked by reduced poverty and improved NRM. And under that, we have the sub-ideos, improved diets, improved food safety, and improved human and animal health through better agricultural practices. Human health has never featured so prominently in the aims and work of the CG. And we think this is offering an ideal opportunity to do more about the agricultural externalities of health. So we were asked to talk about the goods and the bads of working in this program. I can say that there are many things we are proud of. First and not least, the fact that our scientists are producing five papers on average per year, along with a whole set of briefs and videos and newspaper articles and lastly a book. In the past year or two, we've become the go-to group for information on food safety and antimicrobial resistance and even animal disease by people like Difford, OIE, OECD, WTO. You can see that our work is having influence at a high scale. But best of all, our recent results are showing that in Africa and India, six and a half million consumers are benefiting by drinking safe milk as the result of ill-re-research. So what are the bads? Well, first of all, the transaction costs of working both in programs, in centres and in CRPs. More meat, milk, but meetings. This means that we don't have enough time for writing and it's a challenge for many of the scientists in our group to get that time to publish. And lastly, the ongoing challenge of resource mobilisation. We've all been hit by budget cuts this year. We were on joining CRPs. We were promised a steady income flow. Unfortunately, that hasn't materialised. We think it's going to get better. And indeed, it has to get better. We were also asked to explain our prospects of collaboration between food safety zoonosis and the rest of the institute and the other CRPs. And here we have a fairly unique set of skills. We have the most epidemiologists of any group in Illry. More than 12 epidemiologists are working with us. Most of them are outposted. And we have a good balance too of females and developing country scientists. So I would say that what we're bringing to the table is especially our skills in epidemiology and food. But in order to have a holistic, one health systematic approach to food safety, we need to work with economists, ecologists, nutritionists, gender specialists. And there are many of those at Illry and among our partners. And we think we need to see how we can leverage our joint skills better. So what would a dream alliance look like? Not like this. I think for us, an alliance has to be where both people come together because they're like-minded and they want to do something, not because they've been brought together in an artificial structure. As I've said, our aim is health. We know we can't do it alone. We think we have a lot to offer. And we look forward to working with others in the new CG with an expanded room for health. Thank you for your attention.


So to find the transformations needed to produce a particular trigonometric graph it helps to think about fitting one wave into a box. One wave of y equals sine of x fits into a box that has length 2 pi, has height 2, and has base y equals negative 1 and top y equals 1. And the box starts at x equals 0. And however you transform the box will be how you transform the equation. Now it's helpful to remember it's easier to do stretches before translations. Now since sine and cosine are just horizontal translations of each other it doesn't really matter which one we start. So let's use sine waves. So first we'll identify what one sine wave looks like and that might be this. And now let's try to fit one sine wave of our graph into a box. And so that might look something like this. And so now let's compare our two boxes. So our sine wave box starts at x equals 0 and ends at x equals 2 pi for a length of 2 pi minus 0 or 2 pi. Meanwhile the box for our graph starts at x equals pi thirds and ends at x equals 7 pi thirds for a length of 7 pi thirds minus pi thirds or 2 pi. And so the boxes have the same length. Our sine wave box has bottom at y equals negative 1 and top at y equals 1 for a height of 1 minus negative 1 or 2. The box for our graph has bottom at y equals 0 and top at y equals 4 for a height of 4 minus 0 or 4. And so our box needs to be stretched vertically by a factor of 2. And so that means the first thing we need to do is stretch our graph of y equals sine of x vertically by a factor of 2. Our sine wave box begins at x equals 0 while the box for our graph begins at x equals pi thirds. And so the box needs to be shifted horizontally to the right by pi thirds. And we have to adjust our equation. And so now we have the graph of y equals 2 sine of x minus pi thirds. Now notice the horizontal stretch has made our sine wave box have bottom at y equals negative 2 while the box for our graph has bottom at y equals 0. And so the box needs to be shifted vertically upward two units. And what happens to the box also happens to our graph. So we need to shift the graph vertically by two units upward to get the graph of y equals 2 sine of x minus pi thirds plus 2. Or how about packaging this one up? So we'll find a single sine wave and a single sine wave of our graph. We see the box for our graph begins at x equals negative pi halves and ends at x equals pi halves for a width of pi. And so we need to compress our box by a factor of 2. And so compressing the graph of y equals sine of x horizontally by a factor of 2 gives us the graph of y equals sine of 2x. The box for our graph has a bottom at y equals negative 2 and a top at y equals 0 for a height of 2. So we don't need to adjust the height. We see the box for our graph begins at x equals negative pi halves. So we need to shift our box left by pi halves. Shifting the graph left by pi halves gives us the graph of, and we see the box for our graph has a bottom at y equals negative 2. So we need to shift our box down by one unit. And so shifting by one unit gives us the graph.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasewrakes.com coming at you with a 2019 Panini National Treasures football break. This is first off the line as well FOTL One box Ram team break number nine a lot of exclusive stuff and first off the line So pretty nice stuff here ladies and gentlemen big. Thanks everybody here for getting in on the action and Congrats again to the to the winners of these spots as well all 32 teams are in let's roll Let's randomize it five and a four four and a five nine times for names and teams one two Three and ninth and final time. We got Greg down to Robert four and a five nine times for the teams and Ninth and final time after nine we got the Jaguars down to the Panthers member keep the 2019 draft class in your head Keep that in your head before we start trading Greg with the Jags Joshua with the Buccaneers Dawn with the Bengals Josh with the Niners done with the Titans and Packers and the Patriots with your straight-up spot Robert with the Texans and Chiefs done with the Bears Mitchell with the Vikings Ricardo with the Steelers Simon with the Broncos Greg with the Saints Jimmy with the Cowboys Matthew with the Washington football team Trevor with the Dolphins Robert with the Seahawks Josh with the Bills Matthew with the Falcons Josh with the Lions Dennis with the Giants Simon with the Cardinals Robert with the Browns Matthew with the Rams Stephen K with the Jets Dennis with the Eagles Josh with the Chargers and Ravens Greg with the Raiders You got my Raiders Robert with the Colts and at the Carolina Panthers So let's get all this on one page right here And let's sort by column B by team And I'm gonna pause the video when we come back. We're gonna see if there's any trades then we'll have the break stick around All right, welcome back folks a little bit of trade chatter, but in the end no deals were done So that list remains the same we do have more boxes of this So I did post another one plus a couple more fillers just like we did with this one Maybe we can run it back to a night Christian we have tons of spots open today. Just go to the website jazby's case breaks calm There it is there's 2019 NT football first off the line Good luck, let's actually use this blank card We hide some hits a little bit here. We got 51 out of 99 Josh Allen That'll be for Josh and the bills 7 out of 11 Dan Marino Miami They'll be for Trevor. Oh, I'm always feeling lucky Christian it's a matter of whether you feel lucky today or not There's Trent Williams three out of 99 century materials Matthew Shira With the Washington football team I got Marlon Mack two out of 49 for the blue horseshoes Robert Return of the Mac. There's two color patch there You got Deontay Johnson tremendous treasures. That's one out of 99 Going to Ricardo and the Steelers We've got a quad relic six out of ten. They're all Cleveland Browns. We got Baker Mayfield and Odell Beckham, Jr. Nick Chubb and Kareem Hunt rounds of a pretty solid team. I wonder if they could surprise some people next year Next up is Travis Homer ten out of 25 Going out to Seattle Robert with the Seahawks. We got the future TJ Hawkinson Nice 24 out of 25 For Josh and the lion. That's last spot mojo a couple more here. We got a dual autograph for the Bengals We got Drew sample and Ryan Finley Don with the Bengals and the final one looks like a nice red white and blue. Oh and a Nike swoosh Meekle Hardman, Jr. Swoosh and autograph two out of three Nice stars and stripes auto for Robert and Kansas City He won that spot in a filler break got randomized the chiefs and rewarded with All aboard the big hit express There you go out of fives and under get the train whistle boys and girls and there you have it This is why this first off the line stuff is hot Get into the action on jazby's case breaks calm We got another box in the store plus a couple fillers if you don't want to pay full price You can try chasing some of those spots at a fraction of the price And there you are boys and girls. I'm Joe for jazby's case breaks calm. I'll see you next time for the next break


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So, we have very good work, defensively, in terms of, like, the same just like for self-provision. The key here is that all parties respect international airspace. We urge the Russians to do so. The key here is that all parties respect international airspace. We urge the Russians to do so. The Americans have said they think it's very unprofessional.


Yeah, no, I think today. I'm gonna get brutally injured. I Think that today's my day final day. No more Craig after this Just pencil dive No more Craig after at least it'll be no more little Craig is anyway. I was like, why is it so zoomed in on you? There we go Whereas it can you see it from water park reservation required? Are you nervous to do the club jumping? That depends am I jumping right off the biggest one? Yeah, yeah little bends not gonna lie It looks so much taller in person than I was expecting. It's huge. It looks massive in real life Also, I was doing some of the calculations. It seems as though it's bigger than my house And I was doing I'm not gonna lie to you. I was standing outside this morning just looking up at my house That's pretty scary So much right now I Could see the panic on his face sounded like it hurt Was that a belly flop that confirmed one of two things you can no longer have kids one I can't have children and Two I'm never going skydiving Well, it's so bad about it What was it fun at least the general this area that's seen better days No, that one hurt less really just the bottom of my feet Oh Probably all red now So what do you think of it? I Have so much water in my nose that's like me on body work on the slides I think it went into my brain. Yeah The drop four slides. I like drowned on the way down and I'm Okay, so Is it scary? No, yeah, when you're I mean it even doesn't look that high But when you're up there, it's it's pretty high up and even when you fall you got to go like three four seconds to just examine What you did on the way down And then if you don't when you have your feet you got to make sure you point them down Otherwise they slap and it hurts a lot, but it's so Yeah, they read No It's so simple though. There's literally the guy does is all clear thing and then the speaker just says three two one jump You fall down The water looks so good though. It's like blue. It's low night. It's not too cold, but it's not hot at all It's very refreshing. Yeah Yeah, no, that's a no for me That was some legs. All right, it's gonna take let's go to where the rest of splash works. Let's go if we can So how would you rate splash works? Oh, are you actually filming me? Yeah Yeah You know what as weird as this is to say it's almost more worth it than coming to well not more worth it But like when it comes to wait times and stuff like it's dead There's there. I'm telling you even when we were waiting to get in there's literally No more than 60 people in there like even waiting in line There can't be any more than 60 people mountain bay cliffs I walk on all the slides were basically walks on the kids like even the little kids They were just running around with their tubes like getting off the slide going right back up Yeah, it's honestly an amazing Just book splash works even if you don't even end up going just book it as part of your reservation to make it an option Yeah, and we're reservation spots will open exactly if the normal parks too busy just go in there I'm telling like nobody's in there It's actually great. Yeah, I definitely it's definitely really worth it like you should score a splash Especially yeah, especially if you're there for when it opens because it opens at 12 instead of 11 I swear it used to be 11. All right is the cliff-jumping scarier than you thought the Yukon You know what you were pretty terrified You know what to an extent because again, you don't have a seat belt. You don't have a ride.   Oh Yeah, plug your nose if you can too Is it? Oh, that's true. I don't know I Don't know if you're allowed to or not actually what they want is a proper pencil dive You got to cross your legs feet down arms to your side protect your But I'm telling you naturally your arms are gonna do this anyway to prevent you know That's what you do when you fall and that's what's making all the class. That's what's making everyone's fall backwards Yeah, oh copyright music. Bye. Bye