Yannick Sinner vs Holger Ruiner is a final group stage match for the adb finals for 2023 and this match has some really high stakes for both guys. Holger Ruiner comes into this tournament as number eight in the world. We'll be making his debut after last year missing out by one spot finishing number nine. His win-loss record this year is the worst out of anybody with only 43 wins and 22 losses but he has won a title this year and has made two big finals in both Monte Carlo and Rome along the way. His best win coming against Djokovic in Rome and his worst loss was against Nakashima a couple of weeks ago at the Shanghai Masters. His form lately has been a little better though making it to the quarter finals of Paris and the semi-finals of Basel in recent times and of course pushing Djokovic last week in Paris to nearly a three-hour match so he's starting to get into form just at the right time. Yannick Sinner will be coming into the adb finals as the number four in the world which is his career high ranking and also finally qualifies on his own back this time around. He has appeared at the adb finals before was as an alternate in 2021 winning one of the two matches that he played but as I mentioned this would be the first time he's actually qualified and will play all three matches if he stays healthy. His record 57 wins 14 losses this year and he's won four titles from the six finals that he's played with his biggest title coming in Canada at that 1,000 event. His best win beating Elcaraz in Miami with his worst loss coming at the French Open losing to Altmayer who is a qualifier from Germany in a five-set shock. His form has been great though with his last loss coming as a walkover loss from fatigue and having won Vienna the week before Sinner will be looking to continue his good form of late towards the end of the year. This will play twice before with Runa leading the head to head 2-0 but they've only played the one time this year with Runa getting a 7-5 third set victory in Monte Carlo. Their only indoor match was actually a win last year also for Runa but it was a walkover as Sinner couldn't complete the match at 5-2 in that third set. If Runa is going to win this one he needs to be aggressive and try and block out the crowd.  I think he's going to have to avoid that this time around because Sinner's so locked in just getting distracted by the crowd is going to be bad news. If Sinner's going to win this one he needs to use that crowd again to his advantage. It works so well against Djokovic and he serves so well again against Djokovic like he did against City Pass so serving well is going to be a huge key as well for that match against Runa. This is such a fun matchup. Two young guys who both pushed Djokovic this week. Both very very aggressive players when they want to be but I'm going to go with Sinner in this one. It's so hard to pick against him. Runa might be able to get him with the 2-0 head-to-head but man I think it might be Sinner again because Sinner just beating Djokovic. Huge win. I think he can beat Sinner as well and make it 3-0 in the group. Get to the semis but let me know in the comments below who's going to win this one.


lk about questions okay and response time okay any other questions here all right then athena take this down please and i believe the next thing we need to do is have pat and shallony talk about the training yeah i'm happy to start or share what we have so but first i just wanted to thank all my colleagues here for your commitment to this work and being willing to give up your weekend and other than i believe one counselor who we hope will be able to join us still and i think everyone responded that they were able to participate so we finalized the dates as april 10th and 11th from nine to five with a half day follow-up on may 8th and that's just half day so that's 10 to 2 p.m and we ran we spoke with the references for this for this group and we've got i spoke with two references one from austin the equity director from the town of the city of austin and that was just so exciting to talk to him that the mayor there has taken training with annie who's the principal consultant who'll be working with us and he said we work with gar and we love annie the most she's our most favorite facilitator and so they've done many several workshops with her so i'm really excited that we have this chance to do this work together and paul and athena have also agreed to thank you very much for giving up your weekend and being willing to do this work with us i would also encourage us to if you and you don't have to but if you have any questions that you've been struggling with with relate related to race you can send it to us and we will forward it to annie there's no guarantee she will respond to it in the two days but i think giving it to her ahead of time will allow her to see what are the issues we're working with and if she can talk to that within the framework she's providing that might be really useful to us and i see there's a hand up from mandy joe thank you um two things we were told the you know i hate to be sort of the person that keeps harping on time but we were told the follow-up session would be three hours um and you just said four and so i was expecting a nine to noon that would not sort of take attention to essentially kills the whole day um to do a lot of things um and adds the other hour beyond what we were told that follow-up would be we're already devoting 16 hours right to what is essentially supposed to be a volunteer position um another four on is a week of work um so i i would encourage you to go back and say nine to noon um so that we have some time in the afternoon i was actually hoping i wouldn't have to give up another saturday that it would be on a third to have that um secondly i appreciate that paul and athena have agreed to do this but i'm actually given that um they are both technically our employees a bit uncomfortable with them joining us and i had not realized the council had decided that that was an appropriate thing to do and and so i don't know whether we need to have that conversation or not um i have heard that this requires these workshops require a lot of personal disclosures um and as employees technical employees of the council i don't know whether that's an appropriate thing on either side for that to happen so i don't know whether we should be having a conversation about that one of the things that um we've been careful to do is to talk to uh paul and athena um and i was surprised to hear shallownay say that athena was going to do it because i hadn't quite gotten that conversation but that she might be bad if i said that wrong sorry no no that's all right um and i know paul's excited to do it and i think we all have fear about what we might say who we might say it to who we're in charge of who we're not in charge of and fear can make us hesitate to do a lot of things um the work is um with any and and and certainly other facilitators confidential between the people who are doing it and i have a lot of trust in this council and in our relationships both with paul and athena and their relationship with us that it would that would be honored um in many many ways um so i i understand you're concerned um but i think that it is appropriate um particularly for me for paul even more than athena um but i feel like she is part of the council which is why i would like to have her there we work in a very different way yes we're paul's boss but when i was at the collaborative for educational services every employee was required to do an anti-racism training um and and we did them um with bosses and and you know the maintenance person and the director of the agency and um and the groups were very mixed and it was not problematic on that level uh in terms of interaction between employees um the other thing i want to say is that we'll talk to annie and i think that we can get saturday down to nine to three and because it is a follow-up session it's going to be different um there was one other thing oh and in terms of developing a contract i'm gonna shallony and i will put paul and annie together to work on that so um mandy i hope i answered your question i'm not sure if i did can i just add to that that uh regarding timing i think that was coming from annie she's offering that time to us and i think it's up to us to decide whether we want to use the full four hours she actually had five hours but do we want to use up to five hours or four or three uh and i think it's just a chance for us to and maybe it can be optional for people who maybe have more questions they can stay longer so i i feel comfortable saying it's from nine to one nine to twelve but asking her of that additional hour if we if some of us have more questions because i already have a list of questions for her that are really hard and i cannot ask anyone else the second thing i wanted to also offer was that it was an invitation for paul and it's an invitation to everyone actually you know it's not mandatory and we also and annie is very skilled in dealing like i said in austin texas in austin texas the mayor did it with the staff with community members and the city counselors and i like whoa that's intense we are definitely don't we want to do it you know at least at the first go we want to do it just with us so but they are very skilled and we've questioned them again and again about what would make it the most useful and safe place and they were like we definitely encourage you to invite um atina and yet it is an invitation and we completely leave it to paul and atina to choose to join us uh while knowing it is safe to do it um in this to do this particular work in this way or do you have your hand up yeah i just um i mean unlike paul and atina we're elected officials and we are governed by open meeting law so i'm just wondering if anyone could address how that yeah i'll go ahead with that um we have talked to the attorney general's office and because we're using an outside facilitator and it is a workshop we will not be deliberating about anything this is a workshop about white supremacists the white supremacist system that we live in um and it is perfectly legitimate for us to do this uh without breaking the meeting law i thought that was clear last time but i've contacted them twice and i know we are not breaking any rules let me just also say that that is consistent with previous uh training that i was in charge of that involved the messachusetts general court elected officials um so it's you can do this without breaking open meeting law because again you're not deliberating you're not you're it's not even about an issue you're going to deliver george do you have another question dorthy i just want to follow up what mandy joe says shallony said that the time was made available to us but we did not have to choose to use all of it together i think that a council member who has a young school child really should be have a half day which means the whole council since we're supposed to do this together i think nine to twelve would be sufficient that's no but we want to make this job not look so terrible that no one will run again okay are there any other questions hopefully training okay are there any other council comments andy yeah i there's one thing that i should have mentioned uh when i gave the finance committee reports i decided to wait for this portion of the meeting on the 16th of uh this month there's one additional item that council should be aware of and that is that um we will be getting a report uh from uh the advisor who does the uh work for the uh have other post employment benefits uh calculations uh it's an actuarial and it's the time when they recalculate what the depth of our liability is and an opportunity to talk about how we in other communities can handle the liability what it means for us so i just wanted to alert um fellow counselors anyone who might have been at any time concerned about that rather large number of other post employment benefit obligation that we carry um as a community that's a meeting where the expert will be there to present are there any other comments from counselors andy did your hand go back up or not no i bought it okay anything else from anybody i want to make sure seeing none then with the meetings adjourned at 940


Hey guys real estate game here welcome back to another Roblox video They were gonna be making Elsa from frozen to a Roblox account Which you guys didn't know if a frozen to trailer did just drop not so long ago So if you guys want to go check that out go pee pee it all right So I'm not gonna be making a separate Roblox account because I don't have to go through the trouble from trying to find a Name that it's like not taken because literally every single name is taken on Roblox, which is pretty insane Okay, so let's head on over to the catalog. Oh, let's look about the real quick so we can get her details perfected Okay, let's go to images Let's just click any random picture. Okay, so she has blonde braided hair in the ponytail I don't think that should be very hard to find in Roblox. Okay. Let's go to where is it accessories hair? Okay. Oh, let's see what we have here in store. Okay, so what about oh, what about an Elsa with a flaming Mohawk? That would be pretty cool. Okay. No, let's not get carried away. Okay. Let's go on What's going on over here? Oh, that's something's pretty cool, but that's not in the ponytail So I don't think that's gonna work out. Okay. What about down here? Nope. Nothing here. Okay. Let's go to the next page Oh, what about Pennywise Elsa? That would be interesting it's like a little plot twist there. Oh god, okay, what about oh Super Saiyan Elsa That would be pretty epic. Okay, that does not go. Okay. Let's go on over here. What about a shaggy Elsa? So that would be like a total different dimension there or Ryu Elsa or a Gandalf Elsa That would be pretty creepy actually Elsa's an old man. Oh god, okay, wait, where were we at? We're on page four Okay, it's like it's all the way down here and there we all blonde braided ponytail Okay, I think this is perfect. I think we found the winner you guys. Okay, that's perfect. It's the same color and everything Let's buy this Okay, buy it purchase completed. Thank you.  Oh god, Alex a little too. Okay that that is so perfect I mean it has little bangs, but I mean it looks exactly like Elsa's hair whatever man Okay, so let's go back to the catalog and find the dress now. We need to find a dress exactly like Elsa's So let's lick their dress real quick. Looks like she has two different types of dresses. I don't know man Let's go to the store and put a Elsa dress. Let's see if there's anything even as in the store named like that Okay, something has to pop out. Oh nice. Okay, so there's like two different ones Hmm, what about this and let's try this one. What she she only has a shirt She's missing like the lower part bro. Come on. What is going on there? Okay? Yeah. Oh, this one looks perfect Okay, it's the whole dress. Let's click the picture Okay, that looks exactly the same. Let's just go with this one. There you go. Oh my god I think we're getting this I think it might look exactly the same. Let's try this dress on real quick Come on, why is it taking forever? There you go. Oh my god You look so beautiful kind of looks the same Okay, so let's go on to the bodies because it kind of has like a that blocky body We don't want to leave it like that because Elsa does not look like a block. Where is it? Oh gosh? I'm so lost body parts. Uh, yeah, yeah left arm face head. Oh, yeah, we need a girly face Oh, we got this woman face here. I Don't know if we should put that one looks kind of creepy. Let's go to the catalog and see if there's a better one I'm pretty sure there will be accessories. Nope wrong one face. Let's go to the faces real quick. Wait, these are faces That is not the right one. I'm looking for body parts faces. There you go. Oh smiling girl. Let's try this one on I Mean this looks kind of weird to Know man. Oh Think that one looks a little better. Let's try it. Let's just buy it real quick Or let's go back because I think I saw one that had like a snowflake on their mouth And I mean it is Elsa and she's a snow queen. That would be pretty cool. Where is it at? Oh, no, I think I was just hallucinating. Oh, no, it's this one catching snowflakes But the eyes are squinted, but it looks kind of funny not gonna lie Okay, no, we're just gonna stay with the normal one.  That looks kind of better. Yeah, because she's always like grinning in her pictures So that makes a bit more sense. Yeah, so let's go over to the body Let's go to torso. Do we have a woman torso? No, that's head torso. Okay torso woman torso There you go left arm Where is it? No left arm. Okay, we don't have all there you go woman I was about to say I thought we had the woman ones and we do keep woman right Left leg Where's the woman? There you are woman. Okay, right leg. There we go. Okay. Voila, and this is our final product of Elsa Not gonna lie. It looks pretty legit, man. Okay, so now let's go join the game and see what they got here a frozen Frozen games they better have like a knobby or something escape Elsa Abbey frozen role-play. Oh my god There's like nobody in this game. That's so sad. I can they forget about Elsa Okay, now let's just go in here. There's one person in here. Oh, let's go to Disneyland Disney World ultimate theme park. Let's see if people recognize me as Elsa Let's go check that out You control people as Elsa or something like that Oh, what is that? We got a boot. Oh Gosh, okay created by zonics. What's up my guy? Welcome to my Disney World game cool game. What's new? Do they have like a frozen area? I had a two new right space mountain and splash mountain or whatever man Let's just go in here. Go check out this Disneyland. My god. They got security everywhere. Okay, what is that? We got a snake. Oh, okay, so we got like Andy's boots I mean Woody's boots and he's that speed cleats. It's pretty cool. Okay, so we got pirates every Caribbean. Where's everybody? Oh my god solid snake. I thought it was somebody, but that's just an NPC. Okay, let's move all the castles there Disney. Oh, they got a frozen ride. Let's go in here. Oh Nice no man. Hey sister. How's it going?  Okay, let's go in here click What are you going here? Oh click. Where do we click? Why isn't it working? Somebody help it's going wait You know, it's taking off without us. Isn't that great? Okay, just get in here.  Let's check it out. Oh look. He's over there. Hey, you're gonna fall down, man I forgot that Olaf. There you go. No Olaf to snowman fin is a deer, right? Oh look there. She is Hey girl, I'm you Okay, now what's going on here, man? This is pretty cool.  Hey, this one let me say good. It's like a remix going on.  Yo, what's up with that remix? It's pretty late.  Oh, look at him That music is just killing me, man Okay, let's see. Oh no. What's going on here? Elsa's crying. Who is that? Is that the sister? It's like an ice monster or something. Oh no Okay, what's going on here?  That's it. Are you kidding me? That was the shortest right ever I want my money back. Oh, wow. Disney clothes teleport to the back entrance Oh, wow, they even have the gift shop at the end. It's like we're actually at Disneyland right now Okay, uh, Disney clothes. Hey, those are some pretty cool dresses. Oh Okay, we couldn't even switch over to them. I guess we'll just pick this one for now Okay, donations park Okay, let's give them let's donate to him because this park this park is pretty spot on Okay, so now what? Oh, we're at the water park now I don't know if I want to go to the water park Okay, what is this 2015? Nope Okay, so what else do they have? I'm a reset. It's I feel like I'm too far from the main attraction That music is so lit though. Okay, there you go. All right, then we got our little boots Okay, so where do we go now? I see the castle here. Let's go check the castle out They see if there's any other princess around here Anybody here is this an entrance. Can we go in here? Oh What did this put us? Oh, we're on the top of the castle. We're like in the secret rooms Oh my god. Okay. I totally feel like princess down. There you go Okay. Oh, they're watching coco here. Can we turn that on? We just turned it off Okay, I'm sorry. I'll leave it on man Look at this view though Oh my god, we're legit in the middle of the top of the castle right now. This is awesome Okay, now. Okay, there's a room upstairs. Let's go check that out. Oh, get out. Wait, man I don't want to go to sleep yet. It's too early, man What dude it teleported us all the way down Why did that even happen? Okay, let's climb up here. I wanted to climb Not teleport. Okay. I think it was broken or something Can we go in here? It doesn't work No Oh, what we can just walk in through the walls. Okay. I guess that'll work Oh gosh, okay. Let's get out of here Let's go in on this side of the park Walt Disney World. Oh, okay. So this is like the Orlando one My bad. Oh, no, what we're just back at the beginning You gotta be kidding me, man. Oh, can we take this trolley? Wee, there we go. Where's it taking us? Okay, we're gonna take this trolley I don't even think it goes anywhere My god, you gotta be kidding me. Is this the end? Oh, no, it goes up.  I want to ride that thing. Let's go ride the roller coaster How do we go to the entrance? Okay to find the name of roller coaster Well, let's go down here Touch for new cart. Okay, let's click this. Oh my god Oh, this is pretty cool. The seat like the cart is a turtle. That's pretty funny, man Let's go. Oh gosh. This is shark Bruce. I believe that was his name Bruce the shark Oh, no, and that's uh squirts Who else do we got here in this roller coaster? Hey, there's Dory Hey Dory Oh my god It seems like we're getting chased by the sharks or something because he's everywhere That is pretty scary, man. I mean who's not scared of sharks Things are terrifying. Okay. Wait. I think we just went for a second round Okay, I think I'm gonna throw up if I stay over here longer. Let's get off, man That's enough The ride was too crazy. It had spins and loops. I do not like dealing with those Oh, there's what is that a little crab? Hey, mr. Crab Oh, we picked it up Can we like do something with it? Oh, I think we ate it. Oh, no, that's not good I'm sorry, man. I didn't mean to meet you alive Okay, what's this over here enter the observatory What I don't want to go in the observatory What is this over here? Splash mountain should we go to splash mountain? No, man. I think that's pretty much it I mean the frozen ride was pretty cool But and it was pretty lit at the same time, but it was kind of short But I mean, hey, that's the best you can do, man Okay. Oh, we got up here Uh, that's not cool Whatever man. All right. Well, I guess that's it for the end of this video you guys Thank you guys for watching Thank you guys for the amazing support if you guys enjoyed this video Make sure to slap the like button if you need a channel make sure to subscribe and hit that notification bell And I will see you guys in the next one. Bye


This is stock number 9145A. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and use car and truck headquarters. Remember we are the guys with the trucks on 41. Today we are checking out this Super Clean 2014 Ford F-150 Super Crew Short Box. This truck has the 5-liter V8 motor. From this HD video you will be able to tell that this truck is extremely clean all the way around. Blue Flame Metallic is the color we shoot all of our videos in 1080p so if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device, turn them on right now because it is like you're right here looking at the truck with me. No dents or dings down this side. It has the factory alloy rims and it has Michelin LTX 26570R17 tires. These tires have right around 60% of the tread left on them. I didn't see any dents or dings on that front fender. Headlight lenses are nice and clear. It has factory fog lights. No dents or dings on the front bumper. The grille is in really nice shape. It has a nice bug shield. Passengers side fender is in nice condition as well. No dents or dings on that and the passenger side rim no scuffs or scrapes on that. As you go down this side of the truck you can see just how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down you can still see the truck, hear the truck and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here. Cab is in really nice condition and I didn't see any dents or dings down this side of the vehicle. It has factory chrome step bars, all the lower rockers look really good. Back rim is in nice condition as well and the back tires have just as much tread as the front tires. Framing under body, pretty nice condition and it's like that all the way underneath. We want to make sure that you're getting the most accurate representation possible so that when you get here there's absolutely no surprises. We understand that they're used vehicles not going to be brand new but you know you want to make sure that you're spending your money on a high quality product which is what we have here. It has the Ford soft tonneau cover. I didn't see any rips or tears on that. Bed has some light duty usage but nothing major. A couple little scuffs and scrapes but still pretty nice condition. Tailgate shuts nice and solidly has a locking tailgate as well and as you go down this side of the truck just as clean as that passenger side. No dents or dings on that rear bed. For full disclosure this back rim is in nice condition as well and the rest of the tonneau cover is in really nice condition too. This one does have the capless fuel fill which is a really nice feature if you've never used it and down the rest of the side no dents or dings on the doors does have the driver side door code entry which we do have the code for. Inside the XLT package gives you the gray cloth interior. There are no rips there are no tears on these seats. They are in really nice condition. Both these seats are heated. We got aftermarket seat heaters in them that do work. It has factory all weather floor mats auto headlamps power windows power locks and power mirrors. As we hop inside the truck here you can see that this one has 33,180 miles instrument cluster is very nice and clean. Steering wheel is in nice condition as well has Bluetooth and audio controls on the right cruise controls on the left. AM FM and CD player has a compass and outside temperature display and this vehicle does not have satellite radio but it does have the sync system for your Bluetooth device, AUGS and a USB jack. Pass under side floor mat and seat are in excellent condition no rips or tears in that. It does have side curtain airbags and the headliner is in really nice clean condition. Have map lights up there and we'll take a quick look at the back seats and then check out under the hood. 40, 20, 40 split bench seating in the front. Back seats are just as clean as the front seats no rips no tears back here. Has latch child safety system for your car seats. Has the fixed glass window. These seats do fold up for extra storage and it does have a really nice factory all weather floor mat back here. Carpeting is very nice and clean underneath. Those seats do come down with the lock. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today. Hopefully from this HD video you will have been able to tell just how clean this truck is all the way around inside and out. Under the hood we have the 5 liter V8 motor. Engine bay is very clean runs very smooth. This truck has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop. Has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. The truck has been gone through mechanically 100% and is 100% ready to go. And to see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, halftones, three-quarter tons, one tons. You name it we got to go to our website www.summitauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle on our lot. Videos of every single used vehicle that we have all at summitauto.com. If you want to make this truck yours give us a call right now<PHONE_NUMBER> ask for one of our sales associates to make this super clean 2014 F-150 years today. Once again that number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. And if you'd want to check out more used inventory you can go to truckson41.com. That's truckson41.com. If you want to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summitauto. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on this video and all the videos that you may see there. In fact in a second you'll see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left. A link to more halftone truck videos like this one on your right. If you have not been to our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website click those check us out. We really look forward to helping you with this super clean 2014 Ford F-150 supercruise short box. Thanks again.


Welcome to Access a Trader, the number one community for those who are committed to taking control of their trading in order to achieve success, profitability, and longevity. Thank you for joining us. Here's Dan Shapiro to help you find your edge, master your process, and own your future. When this stops, and I'm telling you it will, the only question is, is it going to stop tomorrow? Is it going to stop two weeks from now? Is it going to start up six months from now or a year from now? Eventually, it will stop. Again, giving back a day is okay. Don't give back your month.  Hey, guys. Good evening, everybody. Welcome to another edition of the Access a Trader dot com nightly wrap up show. I hope everybody is doing okay. It was actually a really good day. We'll talk about that in a few minutes. I think I've always stated that time is always the best educator. There is no blueprint to this stuff. There is no big master plan, a right way or wrong way of doing it. Over the years, you're going to become a better trader just because of the screen time that you get, just because of the experiences you go through. More years that go by, you're going to start learning not what to do, but what not to do. I've always maintained the idea of two things. Number one, you're going to be a better trader in year five than you were in year one. You're going to be a better trader in year 10 than you were in year five. You're going to be a better trader in year 20 than you were in year 10. This is obvious. From the way the key to this business is really to store things in your mental roll-a-dex. This is where I've always maintained, especially to the newer trader, is even if you're not actively trading, nothing is a substitute for screen time. The more you watch the screen, you watch the order flow, you watch the action, the better you will start to identify it and you'll be able to make less and less mistakes as the years go on. And two months ago, we had the start, actually four months ago, we had the start of the corona, the COVID-19 super virus that basically crippled the economy, killed a lot of people, destroyed individual mom and pop businesses. And most of us that did the prudent things stayed home. So we were basically been on house arrest for about four months. But the things that I picked up from the trading aspect from four months ago of what was working and what was not working. So if you guys remember, the majority of time that we saw, especially in March, we had some phenomenal gap downs. And those gap downs were 1,000 points, 1,500 points, 800 points. So after a while, we became very numb to it. And the second part about that equation was, I remembered going all the way back to even the mortgage crisis, 2007, 2008. The bigger the gap down always created a better initial opportunity to the upside. Because again, think about it, when a stock gaps down, especially in the futures have very, very aggressive sell off on the overnight cash, majority of the names are going to gap down at least 90% of their average shoe range. So for stocks, average shoe range is $15 on the day. And the stock gaps down 13 and a half. More chances there not that the first move of value is going to be up, not down. Now obviously, we don't know where the stock is going to close. We're not in the guessing business. But again, you have to use math. You have to use probability. If something's average cost, again, it's 15, it gaps down 13 and a half. Obviously, the higher probability will be to the upside. And fast forward, the COVID virus came, it started, it got very, very aggressive. And the one thing we figured out very, very quickly, OK, you don't need to be a rocket scientist to understand what was going to get hit and what might actually do well. So you started seeing obviously with nobody going outside, nobody traveling, you realize that the hotels, the hotels, the airlines, the cruise ships, gaming, anything to do with leisure, restaurants, anything to do with people going out and spending money was going to come to a halt. Those were the natural cells, right? Again, nobody's booking an airline. How can the stock and how can the company obviously survive, right? Airlines went down, cruise ships went down, so forth and so on. And then we started thinking, we started seeing and the market obviously started reacting to companies that were projected to do very, very well. Because, again, of everybody staying home. So what was a detriment to the airlines, to the casinos, to the cruise ships? We're going to be a champion for those companies that could take advantage of most people if they had the luxury and the freedom to do so to work from home. So video conferencing, right? Zoom, streaming services, Netflix, right? Roku, companies that obviously everybody uses because nobody's going outside. So you need your food delivered, right? The supermarkets were doing very, very well. Amazon, which is the king of everything, was doing very, very well. Again, you're not going to go to a pet store. You're going to buy your pet supplies on Chewy.com. Even Peloton, okay? And I have a Peloton. I've used it five times in two and a half years, okay? Even Peloton was the quote unquote pure play of the stay at home movement because figure people can't go to the gym. The next best thing is ordering the equipment that they could use at the gym. So we kind of figure things out, right? And then again, this is the point of time. This is the point of seizing the opportunity and really looking at the moment where you're trading at what interval, at what stage of your career, what is going on. And remembering it's not just a trading day. It's not like a trading year. It's a period of your time that you have to remember. So there's certain areas of my life I remember very, very well. I remember when I first started. I remember the internet craze. I remember 9-11. I remember the mortgage mess. I remember the generational bottom of November of 2009, okay? And now I remember what COVID is, okay? And I have the kind of the blueprint that every trader's been trading for a long time kind of realize the same thing today as these stocks were getting attention. And you know, again, we talked about this in last night's video, okay? And again, it's not the point of, I told you so. It's not a matter of time if it's going to go in or stocks are going to get killed. Look, every market ends exactly the same way.  And as I said in last night's video, we don't know. It could happen tomorrow, which was today. It could happen next week, six months, a year from now. We don't know. Take it day by day. But again, always keep an eye out. Again, just because of the macro ramifications, what's going on in the world. And you know, again, it pains me to see two things happening.  But do not give back a week. Do not give back a month. Do not give back a year.  And the most amazing part was, when you look at the scoreboard today, it wasn't the idea of the down one down 7%. Yeah, it looks crappy, right? The S&P, the NASDAQ goes down 5% and changed. Again, that wasn't the crazy part. The crazy part was the disbelief, okay? The disbelief from so many traders I saw on social media, whatever platforms you follow them on, or even, you know, just a general bias that they were in shock that it actually did happen. That the possibility was on the table not only was the rug going to be pulled, but they took a jackhammer and started nailing down your floor and breaking the foundation of your house. And unfortunately, what we talked about now for weeks, right? For weeks. And again, I didn't care if I was wrong throughout that mark. We had so many aggressive pivots to the upside, to the downside. It was more of we wanted to keep an eye out, right? We always wanted to warn, especially the newer trader, who've never gone through this, hey, this is going to happen, okay? It's inevitable. It will happen. All it takes is one match, right? All it takes is one match. They drop into the fire and you have a towering inferno. And that's exactly what happened today, okay? The biggest fear and the biggest question was, well, all the doctors, all the scientists, all the researchers, they were anticipating a second wave. We didn't know what that second wave was going to come. It was going to come during the warmer months, which they led to believe that, well, it's a little bit harder to get because everybody's outside instead of inside, spacing, exercise, your immune system is better. You're getting vitamin C and vitamin D through the natural sunlight. Everything's all good. All was going to come back in the fall. And the problem was, when you go back three weeks ago, okay, several things happened. You started seeing states open up. You started seeing Georgia. You started seeing Florida. Spring breakers all over the place. Then, unfortunately, the murder of Floyd happened. You had the protesters, millions and millions of people throughout the country, okay? On top of each other, literally on top of each other, breathing, this, that, the other thing. You had Vegas open up. People flocking to concedos, okay? Understand you could be outside protesting, you're outside. But now you are inside. You are standing over a poker table.   So you have all those people and the key was what was going to happen? What were going to be the numbers? It was interesting to see what was possibly going to happen next. Where are we going to have a little bit of a gradual uptick? What was going to be happening? And slowly but surely, and it started the day before, we started seeing slowly but surely numbers starting to come back. This state was up, Texas was up, California's up, Florida's up. And this is before, keep this in mind, this is before all the macro events started. So now Wall Street woke up this morning and said, well, wait a minute, now there's a problem. Is there a second wave coming? And we haven't even gotten the major cities yet. You don't think New York City is going to be out of control the next two weeks with these numbers. You don't think when Vegas comes back and Nevada comes back with their numbers, they're not going to be out of control. So again, what Wall Street does when they love a company, they pay for potential. When they hate something or hated scenario, they shoot first, ask questions later, and that's exactly what happened today. Big, big sell-off on Wall Street. Again, most of you guys probably didn't feel it. Especially as a trainer in the live webinar. We had a very, very specific game plan for today. And again, we went back to the memory bank for four months ago. This wasn't five, 10, 15 years ago that we had to figure out what works, what companies work during a sell-off, what companies work when everybody's home. We saw the airlines coming in. We saw, for example, the cruise ships down two, three days in a row. Those plays lost a little bit of value because they already had the moves. So now we had to kind of go to plan B, which companies were going to benefit from this. And again, I said, look, this is pre-market. Market-generated from spikes on COVID after the initial reopen in a lot of states. Look, it's time to make a list of the stay-at-home names. Luckily, right? We trade all of them. We pretty much trade all the stocks. Again, they're part of the beta or extended beta family. So it wasn't kind of, there wasn't anything out of the ordinary we were doing. And I said, look, the big gap down, initial value is to the upside. I'd like to see what happens in the first candle of the day. Be patient. Here was the problem. All these things started turning way before the 10 o'clock. We were pretty much done, I would say, by 10, 10.05, 10.10. There was so much value, right? In these names, there was so much value in these names that once they confirm, they absolutely exploded. And that's when the afternoon we started selling off, I was like, well, what's the point, right? Let's wait, let's see what happens tomorrow. Let's see again, because again, the market, just because it's soft today, there's a lot of companies still way above their ranges. I wanna show you that in a second. But yeah, these are the pivots for today. ZM was amazing, absolutely amazing. Again, the purest play for potential further stay-at-home scenarios. 219 needs to build for possibly to go green. We talked about this last night on the video. I thought I shot it had to go to 52 week highs. It took the 219, right? Here's the 219, right? 219, and just went absolutely nuts, okay? Went all the way to 232, fantastic trade. I mean, really, really fantastic trade. I was very, very happy with the trade. It was so aggressive. I caught this pretty well, very, very happy with the trade. Clorox, again, the play, again, the play at the stay-at-home movement. Again, Clorox wipes. Damn, things are still hard to get. 208, 208, 208.50 needs to build. Here is the Clorox. Here is Clorox. Here's the move on Clorox. It took out the 208 area. Went right to supply at 210.40, so a $2 move on Clorox. TDOC exploded. Again, a pure play, stay-at-home movements. It's the physicians, right? Internet. It's the physicians over the internet, okay? So 179 needs to build. Here was TDOC, right? So 179, this whole area here. The thing went to 188. I mean, just a huge, huge move. DL, man, even DL, this was a pure, this had nothing to do with anything. I just kind of liked the chart. And I said, hey, look, speculation play for all you guys who are trading the smaller names. 840, 850 needs to build. Look at DL, of all things. Flight to quality and safety, right? So it took out the 840, 850, and it closed literally at the high of the day almost at 870, go figure. I have no idea what this thing is, but go figure. Netflix I caught as well, pretty well as well. 433, 50, 434 needs to build to go green. And Netflix went nuts. I mean, really, really Netflix went nuts. Not only did it take out, and here's a sneaky pivot right here. Here's a 333, 34 area.  It took out the 40, right? 440 and went as high as 445. So huge moves, really, really big moves there as well. And I said, look, you see the theme, right? The natural COVID plays for the second wave. Again, 99% of the stocks gap down on the average to range, no real value to the short side. Again, we would need to see at least two days worth of selling just for stocks to break down. And here's the most amazing part of that statement. When you look at charts tonight, right? When you look at charts tonight, you will see one thing, okay? Stocks are not broken. That's the most amazing part. You got a 6% move, nearly 6% move on the NASDAQ, 7% move on the diamonds and five and change on the spies. Stocks are not even broken yet. And that was kind of my whole point pre-market saying that, again, we might need a couple of days of selling just for the stocks to get technical damage. And that's kind of my point. So when you look at the rising 20-day moving average on the Qs, every single time we hit the 20, we bounce. 20, we bounce. 20, we bounce. And again, we're literally at the 20. So the worst thing the market can do for the bulls tomorrow is gap up, okay? Because if we gap up tomorrow, okay, and we confirm the 20-day moving average, they will be not a second wave of COVID, they'll be a second wave of a bear raid. And this second wave can be very, very aggressive. Because if you look at all the names, a lot of the names is still way above their ranges, okay? Tesla might go down, but it's not as short, right? Amazon could go down, but it's not as short. Look at the video. The video is still $6 away from technical damage, okay? This is far from it. If you look at shop, and yes, can you have technical damage, but it's still 20, 25 points away from technical damage. So the idea that tomorrow is a gimme that the market will collapse, I don't think it's a gimme, okay? I don't think it's a, you know, it's a necessary buy-the-dip scenario as well just because today we didn't see any fight back in the bulls whatsoever. But again, I think tomorrow is a perfect scenario. Let the market open up, okay? What I'm hoping for, the market gaps up, okay? Cause 100% of my watch list tonight is shorts. It's just 100%, there's nothing, there's literally the only ones that I like tomorrow if they get a little stronger Netflix and Zoom because they were strong predominantly the day, but those are sneaky channels after 10 o'clock. So I'm watching the cruise ships, I'm watching the airlines, I'm watching selective beta names, but all in all, again, I think tomorrow is a 50-50 shot. If the market gaps down and can reclaim the 20-day moving average, then there's a shot, we have a dead cat balance, but if the market gaps up, and I'm telling you, I know it sounds crazy, especially if a lot of traders have been only trading for a very short time. If the market gaps up tomorrow, okay, and things start going green to red and it confirmed today's levels, it's a wrap. Guys, have a great night, everybody. Stay safe, everybody. Learn the lessons from the past. It's your friend. Screen time is your friend. The name of the game is staying in business and really appreciating the past and information you're getting from the past is going to really build your future. Guys, God bless. I'll see you all tomorrow. Congratulations for putting in the time to take control of your trading. You're one step closer to owning your future and achieving the success you desire. Want daily trade ideas directly from Dan? Straight off his personal watch list? Unlock our free PS60 vault where you'll get nightly updates on pivot opportunities we're watching for the next day's session. Click the link in the description to get started today.


This was requested to me by a Patreon supporter. Basically, he wanted me to do a video about, what would you test with SCP-3922? SCP-3922 is basically a cylindrical object connected with the Three Moons Initiative. If you place it within one meter of a TV set or a computer, it'll significantly alter the content of any fictional films, TV shows, online videos, or commercials, usually through the addition of actors in padded combat uniforms and gas masks. So, what would you test with SCP-3922? Let me know in the comments section down below. And I have several reading videos about SCP-3922 and the testing logs.


At this point, I would like to introduce our first speaker, Don Ortt. Don is the Robert Emerson Professor in Plant Biology and Crop Sciences at the University of Illinois. The title of his talk is Improving Photosynthetic Efficiency as a Carbon Mitigation Strategy.  Thank you very much, Sarah, and thanks to the organizers for the invitation to speak today. So by way of introduction, I should say that for the last eight to nine years, we've been working on the overall strategy of improving photosynthetic efficiency as a way to improve productivity in crop plants. And I think I interpreted my invitation to speak at this meeting to explore the extent to which improving photosynthetic efficiency might be a carbon mitigation strategy. And that's what I will try to do. And so what I'd like to do in the next 20 or so minutes is I'd just like to review the overall rationale of why we think improving photosynthetic efficiency is a sensible target for improving productivity of food crops. I'd like to give two examples of ways in which we have engineered photosynthesis and have proof of concept that we can substantially increase photosynthetic efficiency that leads to increased biomass production. And then finally, I'd like to see if we can set an upper limit on what improving photosynthetic efficiency in managed crop and pasture systems might be able to do as a carbon uptake and a carbon storage strategy. And so it turns out that at least on an energy basis, the process of photosynthesis that has evolved is not so impressively efficient. And so we're certainly not the first to make this calculation. But if you start out with, say, 100 kilojoules of solar radiation, about half of it is outside the photosynthetic spectrum. And so photosynthesis is driven by visible light, which is essentially the light that we can see that's about 400 to 700 nanometers. Plants are green. The reason for that is some of that light's reflected, and so that's wasted. All of photosynthesis is driven by the energy of red photons. And so the 75% of extra energy in a blue photon is simply wasted and so called here as photochemical inefficiency. And then this calculation bifurcates whether you're talking about a C3 or a C4 plant. And the reason is that in C3 plants, they take three ATPs and two NADPHs to reduce CO2 to the level of carbohydrate. But C4s take five ATPs and two NADPHs to do the same thing. And what the C4 gains by investing that additional amount of energy is they're able to concentrate CO2 around the primary carboxylase rubisco and prevent the oxygenation reaction, which I'm going to talk a little bit more about later on. And therefore, largely suppressed photorespiration, which is an energy-intensive process. And so in this calculation, it just shows photorespiration is zero, but there is certainly some photorespiration in C4 plants. And then finally, there's a deduction for autotrophic respiration. That is the maintenance respiration that plants use to maintain themselves and grow. And so at the end of this calculation, we would say that the maximum efficiency of C3 photosynthesis in the way photosynthesis is evolved is about 4.6%. And for C4 plants, it's a bit better at 6% under current atmospheric conditions. And so the maximum that's been observed for a C3 plant during a growing season is about half of what the maximum is. And the average that's observed for farmers in developed countries is about a third of what the maximum observed efficiency is. Stories pretty much the same for C4 plants. 6% efficient, maximum observed for short periods during a growing season, about half that. And the average is observed is about a third in the maximum. And so there's a number of interesting discussions that you can have here. And so why is the maximum so far below the theoretical for both C3 and C4? Or why is the average so far between below the maximum? And we could also have a conversation or other engineering solutions that could actually increase the theoretical maximum. And so as I said, the reason that we got into this is that we were interested in addressing this problem. And that is the UNFAO and others have forecast in order to meet the agricultural demand at the middle of this century that we'll have to increase demands. We'll have to increase supply somewhere between 17% and 120%. The UNFAO said we needed to double it. And certainly that's happened before. It happened in the Green Revolution during the time between 1960 and 2005. Population increased about 110%, whereas crop productivity increased by a crop production increased by 165%. And it's pretty important to understand that of that 165%, 135% was due to intensification. That is growing more produce on a given land area basis. And only about 25% was recruiting new land under cultivation. And most of that was in Africa. And what this graph shows is that at least when we look at small grains or small grains plus soybean, the total land under cultivation probably peaks somewhere between 2000 and is either plateaued or maybe is slowly declining. And you can see the prediction here as we go toward mid-century that the amount of land per person is going down. And so that would require an increase further intensification and more produce per land area. But what you can see from this graph is that's not actually happening. And so we put this together from UNFAO data. And the way to read this slide is, so for the decade ending in 1977, the per decade increase was about 3% per year. But as you can see for these major three crops, two of the major three and nine out of the 10 most important crops in the world, that increase per year is declining. It's declining for several reasons. But one of the reasons for stagnation is that genetic potential or yield potential is not increasing as it was during the Green Revolution. And so those things that drove the Green Revolution, which were largely maximizing harvest index and intercept efficiency, have largely been maximized. But the third component of the yield potential equation, which is photosynthesis, wasn't improved at all during the Green Revolution. And so this is why we think that if we're going to have another doubling of productivity, that it's going to have to involve increasing photosynthetic productivity. And so we've seen this slide before earlier in this presentation. And it just shows that over the last 500,000 years, the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is significantly below what it is today, which is about 410 ppm. And an increase from these levels of about 270 ppm up to 410 in about 150 years. And so it's probably not surprising to discover that photosynthesis is really optimized and see three plants to the atmospheric concentration of about 250 parts per million. And so what that means is that as CO2 concentration goes up, the rate of this reaction, this carboxylation reaction that is catalyzed by the single protein rubisco is accelerating. And what we could show for modeling as well as experimentation that what's becoming increasingly limiting as CO2 concentration goes up in the atmosphere is the regeneration of the CO2 acceptor RUBP. And so RUBP regeneration involves lots of different enzymes as well as the production of ATP and NADPH. And so we used a modeling approach to try to discover if there were particular proteins within the regeneration of RUBP that were significant or were more limiting than others. And so what we did was we just asked the question for a given investment of nitrogen, where would you put it to optimize photosynthesis? And so when we did that with this model that involves an evolutionary algorithm, you can see that the enzyme C-dehepulus bisphosphatase, it suggests that as CO2 concentration goes up, that the amount of this enzyme needs to go up. And so in this modeling case, we're using CO2 levels at 2005 versus optimizing photosynthesis for the level that we expect in 2050. And so what we did was to overexpress SBPAs in tobacco plants. And when we did that, and so what you see here, we've grown these plants with SBPAs over expression versus wild type. We've grown them in our face facility at both 400 ppm and 750 ppm. And so these were actually in chambers. This wasn't in the face facility. And what you can see is when you look at the rate of photosynthesis versus the CO2 concentration within the leaf, the plants with the overexpression of SBPAs, which are lines 30, 11, and 60. And so these are three independent transformants. We see a higher capacity for photosynthesis. When we move these plants into our face facility outside, you can see we have the daily integral of photosynthesis. And so that's the photosynthesis that occurs across the day. And if you look at the right side of this panel, you can see that there's about a 15% increase in the daily integral of photosynthesis in the plants in which we have increased the SBPAs activity by a factor of about three. That increase in 15% of the daily integral of photosynthesis translates into an increase in the above ground dry matter biomass of about 20%. And so here's a way that we have rebalanced photosynthesis to account for the elevated CO2 concentration, in this case predicted for 2050. And you can see that by doing that, we've been able to increase photosynthesis and increase biomass accumulation at least in tobacco. And so that was an example of moving the observed photosynthetic efficiency closer to the theoretical. And I want to give you an example, again, in the C3 plant of a way in which we might be able to increase the theoretical efficiency. And I've mentioned this process of photorespiration before, and that arises from the fact that this primary covoxylates Robisco, which evolved at a time when there's no oxygen in the atmosphere. Once photosynthesis started oxygening the atmosphere, Robisco was confronted with the problem that it wasn't able to completely discriminate between CO2 and oxygen. And so in our current atmospheric conditions about every fourth catalytic turnover Robisco is rather than fixing a CO2 molecule, it fixes an oxygen molecule. And this is essentially an anti-photosynthesis. And so when it fixes an oxygen molecule, instead of making the two molecules of phosphoglycerate to make when it fixes the CO2 molecule, it makes one of these phosphoglycerates and one of these two carbon compounds glycolate. The difficulty with glycolate is twofold. One is that because it's too carbon, it can't be put back into the C3 cycle. And secondly, glycolate is actually inhibitory to several of the enzymes in the photosynthetic reduction cycle. So when higher plants were confronted with this, they repurposed the biochemistry that they had at hand and evolution came up with an extremely complicated way in which to recycle glycolate involves four compartments in the cell and it uses a lot of energy. And so it evolves ammonia, it evolves CO2. And so for each oxygenation reaction, it uses three and a half ATPs and two and ATPH equivalents. And so to illustrate what that really means, we took a multi-layer canopy model. We parameterized it for soybean and so this is for a mature soybean canopy. And what this shows is that as a function of time a day, during much of the day, about 40% of the ATP and about 30% of the NIDPH that's produced by photosynthesis is actually used to recycle and recapture the glycolate. And so it's hugely expensive. And so what we saw to do was to install a more energy efficient synthetic pathway into the chloroplast of plants and thereby bypass the native pathway. And so we tried a number of different synthetic pathways and the one that worked as best is shown here. And so what we did was introduced into the chloroplast glycolate dehydrogenase from Clamidomonas to convert glycolate to Glock's late in the chloroplast rather than the peroxisome. And then we introduced maleate synthase to take glycolate to maleate within the chloroplast. And then the chloroplast has the ability then to decarboxylate the maleate. And so we're producing CO2 right in the chloroplast rather than the mitochondria raised in the chloroplast CO2 concentration and thereby lowering the competitive reaction, the competition with oxygen. These data on the left-hand side simply show that we're able to express these genes in the transgenic plants that we were able to target the proteins where we wanted them to go in the chloroplast. And the other thing that we wanted to do was now that we have this more energetically efficient pathway in the chloroplast is to drive as much glycolate flux through it as possible. And so we down-regulated the exporter glycolate out of the chloroplast into the native pathway. And so I said that it's more energy efficient and one way to verify that that's actually happening experimentally is to look at the quantum yield of photosynthesis. That is under low light conditions, how many quantities it take to reduce CO2 to the level of carbohydrate. And so you can see we have our empty type or wild vector, and then we have three independent transformants for the synthetic pathway within without the down-regulation of the glycolate exporter. And what you can see is that in many of these cases and we've done this under 400 ppm CO2 and then under a much greater photorespiratory pressure of 100 ppm, in most of these cases we're seeing as much as a 20 to 25% increase in the efficiency of photosynthesis. And so when we moved this into field studies and so we did a couple of field trials, I mean what I'd like to point out to you in field trials again we see this 20 to 25% improvement of the quantum efficiency photosynthesis and with the synthetic pathway we're seeing 20 to 25% increases in biomass production. And so I've shown you two examples. We have a number of others in which we've been able to increase photosynthetic efficiency and that increase in photosynthetic efficiency has led to greater biomass accumulation under replicated field trials. And so then we, and so my purpose here then was to ask the question, can we try to determine what the upper capacity is this, this is for carbon uptake and storage? And so if we were to take all of the managed crop and pasture land on the globe, and so these are areas where we could arguably put plants that we've developed that have higher photosynthetic efficiency, what would that do in terms of carbon storage? And so these are data that Chris Field published some years ago looking at how much crop and pasture land exist on the globe. And so it's broken down an area, the mean net primary productivity of that and then the total net primary productivity on the globe. And so one of the interesting things that this shows is that if you take the total crop pasture land and the abandoned land, these sum to about a third of total terrestrial net primary productivity on the planet. So these are certainly not small contributors and so there is a large amount of managed land that's out there. If we then do the hypothetical experiment of taking all of the crop plants and all of the pasture plants on those lands and replace them with plants that have 25% higher photosynthetic efficiency, you can see that it increases the net primary productivity by 25%. I mean, because we were trying to get at what the upper maximum might be, we've returned the abandoned land and we've given the same level of productivity of the crop land, which is all certainly not true. And so we get an increase of the net primary productivity of these managed lands of about 25%. And so then how do we think about this then in terms of carbon storage? And so if we use this kind of represented in this slide, the relationship between net primary productivity, net ecosystem productivity, and net biome productivity, and we assume that the medium term carbon storage at NEP and the long terms carbon storage at NBP are what we're really after. Then we see that when we factor in the fact that the pasture and crop land is one third of the total, we see an increase of 3.6 gigatons for NEP, it goes up 0.6, and for NBP, it goes up 1.2. And so certainly it's unrealistic to say that for crop and pasture land that we're gonna have medium term storage that is identical to what we have for all NPP. Because certainly some of that medium term storage are things like tree trunks and so on, which we don't have. In these crops. What this comes down to is that if we used all the managed land, all the crop and pasture land, we could offset 7% of global anthropogenic carbon emissions globally. And certainly this is unrealistically high because certainly we're not going to be able to do this on all lands. And as I already mentioned, this medium term carbon uptake isn't a realistic estimate. For crop plants and pasture plants. And so probably something under 1% is what we could expect. And so I think that what we can say is that this strategy of improving crop productivity and land area basis by engineering more photosynthesis, this turns out to be successful. I think that it's greatest impact on carbon storage that we can hope for, maybe reducing pressure on land conversion from land that already has carbon stores to row crop agriculture that tends to release them. And so I will stop there. Thank you very much. So we have a question. The first one will go to Damien Allen. Damien, would you like to unmute yourself when you're able to and ask your question? Hey, Don. Yeah, the question about what are you simplifications of increasing photosynthesis to the mechanisms that you've worked on? Would they, would they be able to do that? Would they, would they go up, would water use go up in parallel or would it stay the same? It's nice to hear from you, Damien. And so we've measured this for the bypass tobacco plants and it stays the same. And so what complicates it is the fact that you would expect an increase in water use efficiency, but what complicates it is that you're dealing with bigger plants and you're dealing with more evaporative area. And so at least in the one experiment that we've done with these plants, it doesn't, it doesn't change. We grow plants in elevated CO2, then we do see an improvement in water use efficiency, but it's not necessarily as large as you expect because of the fact that the canopy is bigger. Thanks. Thanks, Don. We have another question from Shafiq Jaffer. Shafiq, would you like to ask a question when you unmute yourself? Sure, thanks, Jenny. Don, I had a couple of quick questions perhaps. One is, you know, you state these photosynthetic efficiencies, is that the same in the urban farming in the greenhouses where the light is being tailored to the specific wavelengths? Are you seeing the same sort of photosynthetic efficiency? Photosynthetic efficiency is dependent on light color. And so, you know, for example, if you just illuminated plants with light that is 680 nanometers, it would be on an energy basis, it would be way more efficient than what you get with the full spectrum solar energy because there are a lot of those things that wavelengths outside of the photosynthetically active spectrum or the fact that blue light, you know, has energy that's not used by photosynthesis. And so, you know, and if you do it just on par, it automatically doubles it. And so, yes, if you're going to give artificial light and you're going to spend money to provide that light energy, then certainly doing it in the red region of the spectrum is an advantage. You know, there's photomorphological things that you have to deal with. And so there are other colors of light that need to be there, but certainly the main wavelength-driving photosynthesis, you're best off if it's in the red. And the other question I had was kind of around the broad use of this kind of approach across different crops.  Do you think this kind of engineering the photosynthetic pathway is generalizable across different crops or do you think it's very specific to every crop that you are now? Well, and so, you know, for instance, you know, bypassing the photorespiratory, the native photorespiratory chain is going to be much more important in C3 crops than C4 crops. You know, having said that, what we've done so far, or at least published so far has been in tobacco. And so, of course, producing better tobacco isn't necessarily what we want to do. And so now we're trying to move these into crop plants and see if this increase in biomass, one, that we see it in other species and then secondly, whether that translates into increased yield. And so this summer, we're doing an experiment with potato and so that's one of the first crops that we've gotten these into. But we have hundreds of independent events at the T1 level in soybean. We're putting it into Calpe and we're putting it into rice. And so, you know, right now the jury's out. You know, we're certainly optimistic, but we don't know. I mean, the question you're asking is absolutely the key question as to whether this is gonna be a successful strategy. Thank you very much, Don. Appreciate it. Thank you. And I think we can hopefully squeeze in one more question. Apologies if I mispronounce your name, Jagabandu Hazra. When you're ready, would you like to unmute yourself and ask your question? Sure. Thank you for the nice presentation. So just I have a quick query. So could you please comment on the correlation between photosynthesis and crop yield or productivity? Is it linear? And so that's a bit of a difficult question. And so if you call photosynthesis daily integral of carbon yield, of carbon gain, then there's a good correlation between yield and photosynthesis. If you look at photosynthesis as the maximum rate of photosynthesis of a leaf at the top of the canopy, then there's a very poor correlation between that rate of photosynthesis and yield. One of the things that I do think is interesting is if you plot yield versus total light absorbed by a canopy across many different kinds of canopy, it's a pretty straight line. And so there is that correlation of absorbed light and total production, even though a lot of that light is wasted due to the fact that in many instances, the top of the canopy is way over saturation. And so if you measure the right component of photosynthesis, yes, there is an association of photosynthetic performance and yield.


We'll just recap on what we've learned briefly about decibels Because we're going to need that in this topic or the next topic on transmission media and in subsequent topics We'll see DB come up a lot So it's important to understand what decibels or a decibel is And last week towards the end we got to the point that well to calculate DB is 10 times log base 10 of two power levels DB is used to measure a ratio or a factor That is if we have two power levels Then the ratio between them one divided by the other Gives us some some Multiplying factor we can convert that to decibels. So the general equation here that we've used in a few examples The examples we used We use one with a audio amplifier We said that there's some input power to the amplifier. There's some output power and We can talk about that amplifier having a gain Which is the output divided by the input saying The gain means that if we have some value coming in the game means we multiply that value to determine what will come out So this amplifier we calculated had a gain of a factor of 100 The output is 100 times larger than the input DB is just another way to express that that factor 100 is the same as 20 decibels So it's a little bit confusing for some people because they see DB and think that's a unit, but it's not a unit This is just a factor or a ratio It's not a unit like seconds watts bytes It's just a different way to express a factor or a ratio in this case 100 We also introduce the concept of loss We have a communication system We transmit some signal with some power level in our example 8 watts At the receiver we receive at 1 watt in Absolute factors the loss is a factor of 8 The received signal is 8 times smaller than the transmitted signal We can convert that to DB 10 times log base 10 of the factor of 8 gives us 9 DB So we can say the loss is 9 decibels But also we talk about the gain is the inverse of the loss if we lose by a factor of 8 That means we gain by a factor of 0.125 the inverse The received power is 8 times less than the transmit power or the other way The received power is point one two five times the transmit power And again if we convert to DB it becomes a nice negative 9 DB So gain and loss in the absolute values are the inverses in DB the the Invert the the negative of the other value and we got to the last example of doing a calculation It turns out that we can when we have a system made up of components with different gains and losses To talk about the overall gain of the system. We can just add up the components So the example we went through said there are three components one had a gain of 5 DB a loss of 10 DB and A gain of 2 DB so overall we can say that there's a gain of the system of minus 3 DB just the sum of those values or in the other way a system loss of 3 DB a Gain of minus 3 is the same as a loss of plus 3 and We did a calculation as to what the transmit power would need to be Any questions on DB before we move on? Easy 10 log base 10 of some factor Let's give one or a couple more examples on DB Often in communication systems we'll talk about we transmit a signal with some power level So I say PTX the transmit power level And it's often measured in watts or milliwatts. Let's say 16 as an example Let's make up some transmit power of 16 watts We can often we also see in communication systems that power levels are Also expressed relative to decibels and this is a bit confusing so far DB is indicating a ratio or a factor Sometimes some factor larger than something else or smaller than something else It's relative between two different values, but we can express a power level also relative to DB Let's show you how Remember our general equation for DB 10 log base 10 of two power levels Generally P1 divided by P2 depending on what we're talking about signal to noise ratio P1 would be the signal P2 the noise if we're talking about gain of a system Then P1 would be the output power and P2 the input and the loss the inverse So it depends upon the system we're talking about but in general the ratio between two power levels let's Take as a reference point And let's set P2 to some some value a reference value Let's set P2 to be one watt one is a nice reference point and We'll use that to express our transmit power relative to this fixed reference point so if P2 is one watt and Now we ask our transmit power of 16 watts Can we express that relative to the rest reference point of one watt? well 10 log base 10 of Our power level 16 watts Divided by the reference power level of one watt and someone will calculate that for me What's the answer? log base 10 of 16 so the watts will cancel out we left with 16 someone use it 1.2 So times by 10 is 12 is that right so log of 16 is 1.2 times by 10 is about 12 DB Sorry, not DBW DB That is 16 relative to the reference point is 12 DB now How do we use that we can say 16 watts is the same as 12 DB relative to one watt And we write that as DBW This is a different thing now we're using decibels in measuring a single power level not a ratio between two Where that single one is relative to a reference point? so the The notation DBW means decibels Relative to one watt the W means one watt Which means the lower the the denominator in the factor is one watt We'll often see power levels expressed in DB watts And a few and others will see in a moment. That is if my transmit power is 16 watts It also means my transmit power is 12 DBW decibels relative to one watt So remember DB on its own is a ratio between two values DBW means it's a ratio between two values where the second value the bottom one is one watt So the W means that P2 is one So DB says it's a ratio a logarithmic ratio ratio and the W This is the new part says that the bottom part is fixed at one watt make sure people understand that what about What does 30 DBW equal? Try and calculate. What is 30 DBW now when we talk about DBW? We're talking about a power level not a ratio anymore, so what's What's the power level in this case? You need to go backwards with your decibels equation 1000 1000 no 1000 something What? 1000 watts, okay? Let's calculate remember our general equation 10 log 10 log base 10 of P1 divided by P2 When we write DBW, we know that P2 is One watt So we know that the equation would be 10 log base 10 of Some power level P the one we're looking for divided by one watt That's what the W here means that the denominator in the ratio is one watt So now we just need to solve for P. So divided by 10 we get 3 Equals log base 10 of P divided by one watt So that means that P divided by one watt Equals 1000 Because log base 10 of 1000 equals 3 that is P the power level equals 1000 watts Now we're using DB for something different a power level of 1000 watts is Identical to 30 DBW any questions Why did I use one watt because that's the common reference point that's used in many systems? Yes? It's fixed when we write DBW. It means one watt as a denominator We don't have to use it. There's a few other values which are common. We'll see one other The other common value is instead of having one watt here is to have one milliwatt That is the reference point the reference value That is P2 and our general equation is one milliwatt so What do we have before? we had our Transmit power of 16 watts find out what That value is relative to one milliwatt What is 16 watts relative to one milliwatt and then convert it to DB? There are the two common reference reference points we'll see in at least in our studies relative to one watt or Relative to one milliwatt. Well, you just use the DB equation and 10 log base 10 of our power of 16 watts relative to one milliwatt which equals 10 log base 10 of What 16 watts divided by one milliwatt is 16,000 be careful of the unit there 16 watts is 16,000 times larger than our reference point and then take the logarithm times by 10 What do you get? 42 42 DB relative to one milliwatt Here we have a new notation 16 watts relative to one milliwatt. It's 16,000 times larger or In DB it's 42 DB relative to one milliwatt. So we write it as 42 DB MW But we're often lazy and we remove the W and just write DB M so In summary what we've seen in the first example is that 16 watts is the same as 12 DBW Which is the same as 42 DB milliwatts, which we commonly just write as DB M But that can be confusing. It's not meters. It's sure for milliwatts All the same value, but just expressed in different ways Think of it as like a prefix everything's measuring a power level But in different scales in the last two we're using logarithmic scales It's DB MW, but we often don't write the W We just write DB M It doesn't mean DB meters. It means DB milliwatts decibels relative to one milliwatt 12 DBW is 12 decibels relative to one watt You can write you can write MW But in other literature in my questions, you'll often just see DB M. So we recognize that DB M The M means milliwatt There are other reference points that are used But these are the two that we'll see in the most common I think that you'll come across so we'll not cover others. Micro is sometimes used decibels relative to one micro watt Make sure everyone's clear We've had two examples. We said 1000 watts was 30 DB W 1000 watts is how many DB M 1000 watts relative to one milliwatt What's the the ratio and then convert it to DB answer? Calculator someone You don't need a calculator for this one The beauty of decibels start to come into play at this point So 1000 watts relative to one milliwatt 1000 watts divided by one milliwatt is How much? One million So we take log base 10 of one million gives us six Six zeros in one million times by 10 gives us 60 DB M 1000 watts is the same as 30 DB W, which is the same as 60 DB M You may notice the difference between DB W and DB M is 30 Because one is relative to one watt the other is relative to one milliwatt Which is a factor of 1000 which is equivalent to 30 DB You don't need to remember that but you'll maybe if you use these Decibels a lot you'll start to see some of those common Relationships for now just know that when you see DB W it really means a power level And you should be able to convert it back by just remembering the general decibels equation 10 log base 10 of One power divided by another If it's DB W that other the denominator is one watt if it was DB M the denominator is one milliwatt Then you solve for the power level So we'll see decibels used for two purposes in this case to measure a power level and What we covered last week was to measure a ratio between two power levels. So DB watts DB M Let's finish with one last example We have a transmit power Into a some system which has a gain G again Then a component has a loss. I think we did this example before and again and Then we receive what do we have as values before? This is this I'm very close to the same example. We had last week. I think you may have it in the picture I try to remember the numbers If the gain of the first component is five decibels the loss of the second component is 10 DB and the gain of the third component is 2 DB and Let's say we do something different. We transmit with a power of Let's say 20 DB M The transmit power is 20 DB M We could convert that back to watts or milliwatts 20 DB M. So Divided by 10 we get true. So I think you'll find it's a hundred milliwatts You can check The nice thing about everything expressed relative to in the logarithmic scale in decibels is that to find well What is the receive power in this case? Well, we have a transmit power. We have some gain Normally with a gain we amplify we multiply and a loss we divide But when we're using DB the gain is we plus We add and the losses we subtract So what is the receive power? the receive power is We start with the transmit power of 20 DB M We add five DB The first component we subtract 10 DB The loss and then add on to DB and we get left over What? 17 DB M We start with a power level. We amplify it We increase it here with a gain then it's reduced According to this loss then increased again and what do we receive? When we're doing everything in DB Then we can just add up the values Where loss is negative and the result is we receive at a level of 17 DB M If we wanted to we could convert that back to milliwatts or watts Which is the same as anyone have a calculator 10 to the power of 1.7 milliwatts Someone will solve that for me 50 About 50 milliwatts 10 to the power of 1.7 why 17 equals 10 log 10 of Some number divide by 10 we get 1.7 The opposite of log is raised to the power so 10 to the power of 1.7 is about 50 milliwatts What was the transmit power the transmit power? if we convert 20 DB M is 10 to the power of 2 milliwatts 100 milliwatts if we have a hundred milliwatts relative to 1 milliwatts is a factor of 100 and In log in decibels a factor of 100 is equal to 20 DB So 20 DB M is the same as 100 milliwatts We transmit at a power of 100 milliwatts We have some gain some loss some gain and we receive at a power of 50 milliwatts This one tries to demonstrate the fact that when everything's in DB Calculating the answer is usually much faster than doing Multiplications and division when everything's using the absolute factor. We will not do it I'll leave it as a homework task for you to do Convert the gains and losses into their absolute values So convert this to an absolute value and think okay We start with 100 milliwatts the gain in the absolute value is a multiplier. So we increase The loss is a divider we reduce and then the second gain we increase again And you should end up with 50 milliwatts at the end That's an exercise for you to solve questions Before we move on at least for now no decibels used to measure ratio or a factor Commonly used to talk about the gain of a system the loss of a system signal to noise ratio But we also have DBW where do we go up the top DBW and DBM? Meaning relative to one watt or one milliwatt to measure absolute power levels Questions before we start the next topic Transmission media I'm sure we have another An impromptu quiz Okay We'll have a quiz soon Sometimes we may have a quiz during lectures instead of online just to make sure people are following Let's move on to transmission media


Welcome to JSA TV the newsroom for tech and telecom professionals. I'm Jamie Scott Agataya here at telecom exchange NYC Fabulous W. Ho Boken joining me here today. Mr. Melvin Greer He's the chief data scientist of the Americas for Intel Melvin. Welcome to JSA TV. Thank you, Jamie We're excited to be here and we're so honored to have you here yet again This is your second time that we've got Melvin Last year a lot of the conversation on the floor was about AI and predictions where it's going. When will we see it? This year, can we talk a little deployment now? Absolutely. We're extremely excited because Intel and the rest of the community is seeing artificial intelligence move from investigations to real deployments and having real deployments means not only are people talking about it, but they're experimenting in it in a way That means a meaningful benefit for how things actually are going to actually work And so this is a great time to be involved in artificial intelligence and data science We are getting a lot of interest from the federal government They have published a national artificial intelligence strategy, which is really quite cool And Intel has actually created a response to that document which lists four key recommendations around whether The government ought to do to make this strategy into a real plan and then into a real deployment activity And that was certainly one of the action items that we were talking about last year at this time How do we develop a code of ethics and sort of put some parameters around? Technology and machine learning getting to the point where humans aren't not Needed or necessarily involved but Intel's sort of really the leader here in really defining that that new Code of ethics space if you will yeah, we're really excited about this human augmentation this Collaboration between humans and machines our ability to understand what is uniquely human And when I say uniquely human what I'm talking about are things like empathy collaboration cooperation These kind of compassion these kind of skills married with thinking machines They really will help us move forward and so Intel is keenly focused on driving that discussion throughout the industry No surprise here Intel on the forefront Really driving our future technology appreciate you so much and making time for us and please For folks who would like to learn more. Where can they go? Oh, they can go to Intel comm or they can contact me directly my my email and website Information are published right on the JSA site Come on come on out to our site and also he's in our tech portal our techs portal So go ahead and download that from Google play or the app store. So Melvin Thank you so much for coming and thank you viewers for tuning in to JSA TV. Happy networking


Hey today I'm getting ready to show you guys just how to make the ultimate barbecue baked beans. Super simple. Let's get it. I got another video that got beans in it and also look at as many ways you can make it, but look if you look at for something simple here's another option for you folks. Now we just put it in the oven. We already had 360 degrees. Alexa set a timer for one hour. Spoonfuls. Cheers. Truly one of my favorites.


Hello and welcome to the International Daily Roundup with People's Dispatch where we bring you some of the top stories from across the globe. Let's take a look at today's headlines. First Iranian fuel shipment enters Venezuela waters. The US blacklist 33 Chinese companies and firms over alleged links to the PLA. Benjamin Netanyahu appears in court on the first day of the corruption trial. Myanmar submits first report on Rohingya protection to ICJ, exiled activists call found. African Liberation Day is being celebrated across the world. We begin with the arrival of the first shipment of petrol from Iran into Venezuelan waters. The supertank of Fortune, one of the five sent by Iran from the Mediterranean, reached Venezuela's exclusive economic zone on May 24th and was escorted by a Venezuelan naval fleet. The other four fuel supertankers, Forest, Petunia, Faxon and Clavel are expected to reach Venezuela later this week. The shipments together carry close to 1.4 million barrels of petrol to Venezuela that has witnessed a severe fuel shortage over the past year because of US sanctions. The administration of Donald Trump has responded aggressively. Venezuela, despite being one of the largest producers of crude oil, lost its refining capacity after most of its refineries situated in the US and other countries were seized or sealed due to the sanctions. On Friday, a US federal court sanctioned the sales of these refineries under SIDCO, which is a Venezuelan refiner based in the US. This has been condemned as an act of modern piracy. Last week, there was speculation that the US would use its forces in the Caribbean to block these Iranian suppliers. This was after a senior US official hinted at such a measure. This prompted the Venezuelan government to deploy a fleet of naval ships and warplanes to escort the Iranian dispatch. Moving on to our next toy US aggression against China also continued over the weekend. On Saturday, the US Commerce Department blacklisted 33 Chinese firms and institutions for alleged links with China's People's Liberation Army or the PLA. These include Chinese universities and research centers, the US alleged that these firms acted against the interests of its national security without specifying any charges. The US has included seven other firms and research centers over the allegations of aiding the supposed human rights violations in the Xinjiang province. On Friday, news reports revealed that the Trump administration had debated restarting nuclear tests on May 15 with senior security officials. Trump suggested that President Trump wanted to restart the test to pressure China into an arms control treaty with the US and Russia. The 2010 news start signed by US and Russia that has active strategic warheads in both countries is set to expire in February 2021. Trump apparently wants to include China in the treaty as well even though it holds only a fraction of the warheads that signatories of start have right now. According to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu appeared in court for his trial on May 24, Netanyahu is being tried on seven criminal charges including bribery fraud and other corruption related charges along with manipulating the media. This is the first time in Israeli history that a sitting prime minister will be appearing before a court on criminal charges. Netanyahu tried to get some leeway from personally appearing for the trial but the presiding judges dismissed his appeal on Wednesday. Netanyahu is accused of misusing his power to grant favours to one of the owners of telecom giant Bezek in return for positive and favourable coverage by his new site Vala. In another bid to gain positive coverage, Netanyahu also allegedly favoured a newspaper Yediot Aranoth against its industry rival. He is accused of corruption and misuse of public office for personal gains as well. After being indicted last November, Netanyahu's parliament immunity plea was withdrawn in January if convicted. He may have to serve more than 10 years in prison. Now going to Myanmar, the Myanmar's government has submitted a report to the International Court of Justice on the steps taken to protect the Rohingyas on Saturday. The report was submitted in response to a provisional order passed by the ICJ in January. The order demanded that the government take steps to protect the Rohingyas from further harm and violence and submit periodic reports. The report would be the first of its kind since the widespread violence began in the Rakhine state in 2017 and is placed over 700,000 Rohingyas. The Myanmar's military and civilian government led by Aung San Suu Kyi is facing a trial at the ICJ after a complaint was filed by Gambia. The accusations against the Myanmar state include grave human rights violations and charges that amount to crimes against humanity. The violence reportedly led to the killing of over 24,000 Rohingyas and the rape and physical abuse of thousands more. It also caused the largest refugee crisis in the region since the Vietnam War. Rohingya activists questioned the gentleness of the report and the measures announced by the government in April to supposedly quell the violence. Several Rohingya activists who are currently operating in exile in Bangladesh have alleged that the violence and crackdown on the community continues even now. Many journalists have also been arrested. Finally today, May 25th is African Liberation Day, the day marks the formation of the Organization of African Unity at Adiz Ababa in Ethiopia in 1963. In an interview aired on Pan-African Television, Justice Henakou of the Socialist Forum of Ghana talks about the significance of this day. What would you like people around the world to know about African Liberation Day? A message to the youth of Africa, wherever they are, on this day as we are trying to revive the Pan-African spirit of African Liberation Day. Well, my message is that simple, that the youth forms the greatest number of the population in Africa and elsewhere. And that dependence, which is a mirage anyway, but we are made to think that we are so helpless we should be dependent on others for everything, is wrong, it's not right. And our self-reliance, looking into ourselves, researching our history, looking for our heroes, the resistance, the history of resistance amongst us, the history of the unity with other groups is important for us to know in order to equip ourselves, in order to lay the foundations for today's solidarity for all those who are struggling for freedom and liberation. And Pan-Africanism can do that. It's unfortunate the African unity is taking the path of copying the European Union. You understand, because that was not the original intention of the Organization of African Unity. The European Union is a union of capital against the labor. Pan-Africanism is not so. African unity is not a unity of capital, because we ourselves are capital is subservient to that of imperialist capital, European capital and American capital. You understand. So on this day, I want us to hold our love, the banner of solidarity. I want us to remember the oppression under which the Cubans and the Venezuelans and the Iranians are undergoing against the Yankee imperialists, Americans, war mongering. Pan-Africanism is for peace. It's not for war. If it goes to war, then it's a just war. It's a just war against the evil of apartheid. It's a just war against the evils of colonialism. It's a just war against the evils of exploitation. All in all, it does not undertake wars of conquests. But the Americans who are against Venezuela is for the resources of the Venezuelans against the Cubans, it's for the resources of the Cubans against the Iranians. It's for the oil or the Iranians. And that can't be right. We must always be on the side of right. So that's my message for this auspicious day of African revolution. Thank you so much for making the time to speak with us. And I hope wherever you are in the world watching this video, you will remember the struggle of Africans who fought to come together and bring an end to colonialism. And who are still in the fight to liberate themselves on this African liberation day. The struggle continues. And this is all we have for this episode of the International Daily Roundup for more stories and videos. Visit our website peoplesdispatch.org, subscribe to our YouTube channel and follow us on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Thank you for watching.