Okay, so we're just on a very popular street here in Paris, Rue Montagroul. They're probably going to kill me for my pronunciation, but a lot of dead animals on this street, a lot of fleshed fish. It's a popular tourist street. Here come the activists, they're right there. And we're going to be doing a little bit of street outreach here, handing out some vegan food. There's a fire inside your heart. Let it light up the world. What's so popular about this street? Why is this a tourist attraction? This street in particular, I don't know, but there's a lot of fishries and cheeseries open. Any vegan places on here? No. Okay, so on the table here we have some dips, some vegan sort of processed... What would you call this? Sausage. Some vegan sausage. And we've got some vegan cheeses here. For samples for people. Oh yeah, that's still on. Vegan foie gras. So the non-vegan kind is arguably one of the cruelest products on earth. What they do is they force feed the ducks or the geese, force feed the geese grain, until their liver gets all fatty and swells up and then they kill them and cut their liver out. But this is made from something that's made of plants. That's delicious. Vegan. Vegan. No animal. Vegan. Want to try? Made vegan, no plants. No animal. How do you say plant? Plant. When I said vegan, she wanted it. Foie gras? Foie gras? Vegan. No cruelty. How do you say no cruelty? Cruelty free. No cruelty. Plants. We're some information. What was interesting is she didn't want to take it. When I told her it was foie gras. But when we said it's vegan, she took it. Amazing. Can you explain to her that not just foie gras but all animal products and vegan is how to avoid all cruelty. So it's not a single issue. Because we are saying this is vegan foie gras. We don't want to make this just about foie gras because all animal products are inherently cruel. So I asked the translator to explain to her that it's not just foie gras that is cruel but all animal products where we exploit animals are inherently cruel and the only way to resolve that problem is to go vegan. Vegan advocacy. It's irrelevant. Foie gras without the force feeding is still an animal's liver that was torn from their body. Don't get in that. Don't let them drag you into the cruelty aspect. More of the murder and the tearing out organs aspect is... That's why foie gras is a welfare issue. So if you're saying this is foie gras, this is vegan foie gras, you should also say all animal products are inherently immoral no matter if animals are force fed. If they're not even raped, if they're just murdered and exploited and used, I think it's important to point that out because otherwise people go, I just want to eat foie gras or I'll find the foie gras that wasn't force fed and then they're still going to eat all other animal products and think that foie gras is somehow crueler than all the rest and if they don't eat that it's a moral choice across the board. We'll see which one is the most popular. We've got the sausage, we've got the cheese and we've got the foie gras. Look at how I build rapport with the French. Foie gras? This is foie gras? English, do you speak English? This is actually plant-based vegan foie gras, no cruelty, vegan sausage and vegan cheese. We're promoting plant-based lifestyle, vegan lifestyle so no animals are harmed and better for the environment and for your health. That's great. Thanks guys. Sausage? Very much? Vegan, vegan. Foie gras? No, it's not foie gras, it's... Vegan. Hamembert cheese, Camembert is like a really famous French cheese and we have a vegan version right here. Camembert? Camembert? This one? Good? Vegan, you know vegan? Explained? He's not French. You speak English? No, you're not French. Foie gras? Language barrier. I used to be a vegan, I'm just a vegetarian. I'm sorry, I'm sorry. Don't be sorry to me, be sorry to the animals in the dairy industry.  I've read about everything. What made you go back? Emotions? Emotions towards the animals or towards your cheese? Towards the cheese. What if you steered your emotion towards the suffering dairy cows? That's what I do, that's what steers me away from cheese shops and then I think, oh, I can find a nice cheese that is vegan, no one was harmed. I try not to eat them from the big shops, only from smaller places. Is the process different in the small places? Yes, yes, surely. The process is exactly the same except it's just on a small farm.  No, they don't. Some don't. Some don't? Yeah, some don't. If you do it like really small ones, if you go to the shop, yeah of course, I don't buy cheese from shops, I only buy them from people who make them. What about when the cows stop producing milk for the farmer? What do they do? I don't know, but I don't get that. They turn them into meat. But they will do it anyway. Not the goat, yeah, the goat. But if you boycott them, if you don't give them your money, then they'll stop, yeah, because our money is what puts them in business.  But I see that you made a compassionate choice at the start and then something took over you and you went back to the... Cheese took over me. It's very alluring, but you know... Cheese took over me. Maybe the seed will reignite in you once again and steer towards the... Yeah, forget about the cheese. I steer my emotions away from the food and towards the living being from which it came, and I think what's more important... No, you're right, you're right. But the cheese took over me, I'm sorry. You were possessed by the cheese. I am. We need to get you back. Please take her back from the depths of the cheese. Thank you. Saucy sauce? I love saying saucy sauce. Let's try some. I'm going to do a taste test of the vegan foie gras. Oh, my Lord, that is delicious. Maya, you want to try some? Here you go. I can't get over that. Oh, my God. Oh, my God. Plant-based, native plants. But it's good. It's good. It's tasty. And no one was harmed.  We're just promoting eating and living without, you know, killing animals or using animals. The guys probably already explained that to you. I try to reduce. Maybe you could add some of these products. We've got sausage. Are you from France? Yes. You're French. Okay, wow. The thing that actually made me think about it more was witnessing animals inside slaughterhouses on these farms and going, wow, like I've never actually connected my food to the animal. For me, it was just food. That's why I try to reduce, at least meats. But for cheese, I'm so French for that. Very hard. I'm so too hard. But it's milk. My arm got a farm. And I know the animals in that farm are not suffering. Yeah, they're not suffering on the farm. So do they separate the calf from the mother to take the milk? No, it's fully, I don't know the term, but they let the calf stay with the mother. Yes. When the cow stops producing milk for the farmer, do they send them off? I don't know. Yeah. I don't know, but I'm conscious about it, so I try to reduce meats and ducks, especially. Yeah, for me, a lot of the slaughterhouses, they slaughter the dairy cows, even on the high welfare farms, when they stop producing milk after a certain amount of time, they become sort of useless to a cheese producer. And they send them off to be butchered in this slaughterhouse. So we would still say that consuming cheese contributes to this issue with the animal. And most, so if you talk about 99% of dairies, they separate the calf from the mother because they need the milk, it's a product for them. The calf gets fed a formula. So the mother's always mourning the loss. I have to ask the question, what do you do with the goat? Yeah, I mean, but that was, for me, the connection that I made. So what's the cheese made of? This is usually coconuts or some form of nuts, it might be cashews, hazelnuts. This is a mozzarella. Over here, though, you know what? I'll get you to try the camembert.  Yes. So I'll see if you can tell the difference. Now we're going to try the vegan camembert. Okay, I'll say that again. Now we're going to try the vegan camembert. I think that's a pronounce it. It tastes exactly like the real DOA. You couldn't tell the difference. I don't even think the French could tell the difference. Try this one. If you're a professional... I thought this is your best product. It is? Is it the best product? I wouldn't buy this. I didn't think that was too good. Is this laser too? No. They would say it's nuts. They would say it's nuts because they know. But this, I could say, is camembert. Wow. Yeah. Wow. That's really cool. Amazing. All right, we'll try this cheese here too. Tastes like a mozzarella. Nice. Delicious. No issues with any of this. Even if the foie gras wasn't exactly the same, it's still, there's another positive aspect that no-one was harmed and killed. It's not bad by tasting. Yeah. Where did all my samples go? No. I handed out the most of them. Okay, okay, okay. It's all on camera. It's all on camera. If we can live a more peaceful, compassionate life towards others and animals included, and we can get some food that tastes pretty good, then I always ask myself the question, why not? Why should others have to be slaughtered or exploited or killed when I can have tasty food? I wouldn't mind this one and I would try, yeah. Okay, new comments. Thank you, brother. Thanks so much. Yeah. He said I convinced him. He's going to keep in mind. But, you know, when you have someone who's eats a lot of this stuff, faguar and cheese, and he said the camembert, he couldn't taste a difference. That's pretty amazing. And he seemed like he was on board. You never know what people are going to do when they leave, but that camembert is a winner. We should have removed that. Yeah, we should. It's plastic. Dude, I've been giving people these sausages. They're going to choke. We should have removed that before we started handing it out. How do you say plastic?


I'll be with you once more, but it's the greatest threat to this little school, for what she has access to. Greetings Gems! Welcome back to my channel. If you're new here, welcome. I see that I've gained a few subscribers since I've been MIA, because it's been a while since I've uploaded a video, but as you can see by the title of this video, this is to give you all an update as to why I've been MIA and what's going on with Gems Holistic, because I've been getting a lot of inquiries in terms of why my website is under maintenance and where can people get my products. So if you've been following me for a while, you know, back in 2019, I decided to move from Florida back to the Virgin Islands, and I also moved Gems Holistic with me to the Virgin Islands. And that was all part of a much bigger plan that I just didn't share. However, to make a long story short, right now I am currently living in Ghana. My family and I moved to Ghana a few months ago, and I am in the process of also moving Gems Holistic to Ghana. So because I was in the Virgin Islands, I had to ship all my supplies and materials from the Virgin Islands to Florida, and then from Florida, I used a shipping company to ship it here, but that shipping company in itself had stops along the way. So I am currently waiting for my shipment to arrive. I was supposed to receive it last month, July. However, it is a long delay due to COVID and the restrictions they have going on in certain companies and so forth. My whole shipment has been delayed and they're telling me they don't know when I'm going to receive them. So once I receive my shipment, I'll be restocking and getting things back up and running in terms of my products. However, if you are currently in the Virgin Islands, whether it's in Coral St. Thomas, before I left, I did enter a business relationship with Miss Naturalista. If you're familiar with that store, it's across the street from the gas station next to Plaza West, or the market as they're now called. So Miss Naturalista is carrying my products currently. However, I don't know what she has left in stock in her St. Croix location because everything that I left with her, I know she saved most of them for her St. Thomas location, which is what she's in the process of opening. So if you're on St. Croix and looking to purchase gem stylistic products, go to Miss Naturalista and see if what you're looking for is there. I honestly can't say because I don't know what she still has in stock. I don't know what all she stocked in her St. Croix location and what all she kept to decide for her St. Thomas location. However, it's supposed to be an ongoing relationship. So once I receive my materials and my supplies I'm able to restock and we fine-tune certain details. You should be able to continuously find my products in Miss Naturalista once everything goes according to plan. And if anything changes, I will let you all know. Besides that, there's going to be a lot of changes I'm making with gem stylistic in terms of what I'm offering. When I started gem stylistic, it was more to encourage about living an overall natural lifestyle. However, I started with products because at the time I just had a hobby of making products and I've always made my own products and people have always asked me to make them products so I said, why not start by launching my own product line? However, my goal is to focus on overall natural and holistic health because that's where my passion lies, especially women's health and motherhood. So a lot of changes are going to be made once I get certain things back up and running in terms of what gem stylistic offer. The list of products that I offer on my website will decrease and I'll only be offering certain products and I will also be extending and branching off into women's health by offering some services that I am now qualified to offer now that I've taken a few training. I recently completed a training to be a fertile womb lifestyle specialist. I'm just now completing my herbalist training and I'm still in the process of completing the requirements to be a doula. So all of that fits under the umbrella of one, women's health, natural parenting, pregnancy, birth, and just living an overall healthy lifestyle. So I'll be offering one-on-one coaching services as well as consultations and also doula services. So once I get things in accordance, I'll be sharing with you all how you can book your initial free consultation so that you can get more information and we can figure out if what I'm offering is something that will be helpful for you. Also, I'm going to make a separate video getting into more details about that because that's a whole topic in itself. However, this is just an update to let you all know what's been going on with gem salistic, where I've been, and what you can expect moving forward. I am currently making a lot of changes in my life just for the betterment of myself and my family and my mental health and my spiritual growth. So even the videos I share will be a bit different going forward. However, it will still be geared around living an overall natural and holistic lifestyle as it pertains to women's health, motherhood, pregnancy, birth, etc. And now that I've had all these trainings and I have so much more information to share, I'm excited to use this platform to share that, to inspire women to just know their bodies, be educated about birth, pregnancy, womb health, so that they can make the necessary changes to live a better life in terms of taking care of themselves. So if you're interested in any of that and you're not yet subscribed, hit that subscribe button. If you're interested in supporting this channel in any way, check the links in the description box so you can see how you can do that. And I'll be sharing more updates as time goes on and sharing a little piece of what I've been seeing here in Ghana. I've been here for quite a few months now, so I'm excited to share that. And I'll also be starting a Patreon to share more behind the scenes and what I'm doing here in Ghana in terms of land development, farming, cooking. It's just a lot. So when all of that is ready, just check the description box below and support. Anyways, I wish you all love, light and prosperity, and you all will see me in my next video. Peace.


Hi everyone, Joe for jazby's casebreaks.com, coming at you with a fun one here, fantasy sports breaks, multi-sports, six-box, random team number two.  One spot will get you a team in the NFL, the NBA and the MLB. There's some combos for the NFL as well. So big thanks to this group right here for making it happen. Now if you haven't seen this before, it's a pretty fun break. They're going to put in two hits. One of them's usually graded, the other one's just encased or in a one-touch or something like that most of the time. And then the boxes also contain two packs from different manufacturers, different years and different sports. Now those packs could also be like UFC or WWE or something like that. That's not one of these sports right here or potentially hockey. So if that happens, I'm going to combine those packs as one lot and randomize it to one person at a rate. And obviously the NFL packs and NBA and MLB packs will go to their respective teams on the list. All right. So with that being said, big thanks everybody. Let's go. Let's roll it and randomize it four and a one, all the lists five times. Your names first, one, two, three, four and five. Four and a one, five times. We've got John down to Ed. So let's put you in the NFL section. You can see the tabs on the bottom of your screen, the football, baseball and basketball. John down to Ed in all of those lists. All right. Four and a one, five times for the teams, football teams first one, two, three, four and a one, fifth and final time. We've got the Jaguars down to the Steelers. And I'll show I'll go through all these again in just a moment. Four and a one, five times for the baseball teams, one, two, three, four and a one, fifth and final time after five. We got Cubs down to Dodgers, then the baseball section here, Cubs down to Dodgers. And then finally, four and a one, five times for the basketball teams, one, two, three, four and a one, fifth and final time. After five, we've got Orlando down to Brooklyn, the basketball section here, and there's Orlando down to Brooklyn. All right. Back to the football section. There's the first half of the list right here. And there's the second half right here, Jimmy last spot mojo with the bills, let's alphabetize by team. There's Jimmy with the bills last spot mojo. Here they are alphabetized by team. First half of the list there, second half of the list right here. All right. For baseball, same deal. Here's the first half of the list, second half of the list, Jimmy with the diamond backs last spot mojo this time. Let's alphabetize by team. There's Jimmy up there with the diamond backs. Once again, first half of the list, second half of the list. Now if you want to trade, we can't do a baseball team for a football team. We'll have to do the trade just within their own sport, if you don't mind. All right. And I guess even if you do mind, that'll be the way it is. Here's the first half of the list for the basketball teams. Second half right there, Jimmy with the Pacers in this one, last spot mojo, let's alphabetize by team. You can still see Jimmy with the Pacers. Here's the first half of the list and the second half of the list. All right. Now I'm going to pause the video for the trade window. Also, this is a good opportunity to, I can show you your teams again basically between all the different leagues if you need it. So we're going to pause the video, stick around, we'll be right back. All right. Welcome back everybody. No deals were done. So all these lists remain the same. So here's the NFL list, it's official hot off the presses. Here's the MLB list, keep that to my right over here and here is the basketball, the NBA list. And here it is, fancy sports. Can't believe the dicey boxes are between nine and a thousand this year, curious why they shot up so much in a year. Well, let's use logic Rex. Why do you think it would increase in price that much? I don't think it's double is it? Hide those hits over there when you do the packs first. I don't know. I think the reasonable expectation is that they added more, they added better assets. There's a bigger chase in there, there's something in there, extra. Look at that, some old fleer right there. That's Curtis Terry, two-color dual rally. I don't think they were. That feels a little low, isn't it? I don't know, I could look up one of our old dynasty breaks and see what we were selling those for. Maybe they were. I don't know. All right. So the Curtis Terry goes to Minnesota, that's going to be for Jimmy. Look at this blast from the past right here. Ronnie Cycley, remember him? Rolando Blackman, Charles Barkley. Look how young Doc Rivers looks here. Dan Marley. And Kenny the Jetsmith. Classics. All right. That goes to the basketball. Okay. Now, non-graded first, it is a rookie, Randy Arosarania, in his Cardinals gear. Remember that? I mean he was a Cardinals from 2020, clearly authentic. That goes to, where's my baseball section? That goes to Scott and the Cardinals. The graded card, it's a PSA 9 from 2020 Panini Select football. It is zebra die cut rookie Justin Herbert. That's nice. And that will be for the Chargers, that's going to go to James O and the Chargers. There you go, James. That's the nature of group breaks, James. Some days are going to be like yesterday. Some days are going to be like today. And we got one more case of this in the store, ladies and gentlemen. Jaspy'scasebreaks.com.  These are pretty fun. All right. We've got a 2022 Top Scrum update series, packed, and we've got Andrews and Simmons, purple. That will be for the Cubbies. That's going to go to John with the Cubs. I'm going to use this blank card right here, hide the hits that way. All right. We've got some mosaic football from 2022. Good luck. This is a Desmond Ritter rookie card and a Trayvon Walker, 15 out of 15, nice. That will be for the Jaguars. That's going to be for John. Here's the NFL debut Desmond Ritter, Garrett with the ATL and your hits. We have Austin Riley, three-color patch and autograph, 78 out of 99. Rookie patch and autograph for the Braves. That'll be for James M and the Braves. Your graded card is CSG 10. It's football. It's an autograph. It's Travis Etienne Jr., Gemmit 10, from 2021 Illusions, Illusionist autograph, 25 out of 25. It's a nice looking slap. I don't think I've seen too many of the CSGs. That'll be for John and the Jags. Next box, Romans 10-9 right there. Let's see what we got in this one. Two hits, two packs. This one, no grade here. Let's cover up the hits. Let's do the packs first. Donner's Optic Baseball. Over there in Chronicles Draft Picks. Basketball. Oops. We've got Benedict Mathurian, Substantial Swatches. Peace of the Jersey. That's a Pacer. That'll be in the basketball area. That's going to be for Jimmy and the Pacers. They're pretty nice here this year. Jayden Ivey for the Pistons. Davis and Shaden Sharp. The first one is Dennis Rodman, 342 out of 12.99, Autograph. That's from a 2009 Topps basketball set. The Bulls. That'll be for Joe, Joe U. And we've got Luis Robert. We got a little post-it note here too. I don't know, maybe some secret code that their Fantasy Sports is using. Well, there's Luis Robert Rookie Auto for the White Sox. That's going to be for Michael P. Joe Cook. Yeah, thanks Rex. Yeah, this is the Fantasy Sports Break. And you got the Mavs in basketball, Timberwolves in basketball, Kings in basketball, Raptors in basketball. You got Packers in football, Colts, Vikings, Titans. And in baseball you got Rockies, A's, Padres, Mariners. I don't think I have recalled calling your name in the break. We got three boxes to go, six hits and whatever's in those packs. Could be some surprises in those packs. And everyone will get a shot at the WWE and we'll pop this 2022 Bowman Chrome open. I just clenched the TV. The MLB ticker said Kyle Farmer of the Twins out with a facial laceration? What happened with him? Ooh, nice O'Neill Cruz. Aqua Lava. And that is numbered to 199. Joe Andreessen with the Pirates. We got, look what is this? A Mike Trout. Is that a sketch? 75 out of 89. I don't know if that's a proper autograph though. I think that's just a facsimile autograph. But that's pretty awesome. That's going to be for the Angels. And that'll be for Peter. Peter Aang with the Angels. There you go Peter. That's a pretty awesome one. Nice. And 2006 Upper Deck Reserve, Michael Jordan PSA9. That's awesome. That goes to the Bulls. That'll be for Joe Yu. Kevin saying he got hit in the face by Jill. You know, we got a BGS grade up there. Got some football right over there. Got some Ginter over here. This will also be part of that WWE group. There's Bobby with Junior, rookie card. Someone was mentioning yesterday that he was running wild yesterday.  That's going to go to James and the Royals. And obviously Bradley Beal is going to go to the basketball area. This is 2022 update. Got a Nicoladolo, gold, and a rally tie France for the Mariners. He's going to go to Joe Cook in the Mariners. Hashtag good for the hobby, Bobby. That's right. Gila, do you have the box score from yesterday? You got Jacoby Brissette, 4 out of 10 sapphire for the Colts. Blue for the Blue Horseshoes, Joe Cook. The 9-5-10, 2019 Bowman Sterling rookie autographs. Orange refractors. That's Peter Alonzo. Nice. 29 out of 75. Centering, edges, surface, all a 9-5. The corners 9, auto a 10. And that's 4. Oh, the Mets are over here. 6th and final box. Twins are up 11-0. On the Yankees in the fourth. All right, 11-1 now after Rizzo's home run just now. All right, like I said, we've got one more case of this. If you want to run this back tonight, it would be a fun one to do. We've got some UFC right here. That'll be part of that other pile. And a PSA graded card in the back. Good luck. More baseball, Edward Cabrera. Bryce, Brandon Marsh. Jose Ciri, Christian Yelich to 25. Gavin Sheets autograph, 50 out of 99. Draft ticket auto for Michael P. and the White Sox. Christian Yelich to 25. And your final two. Good luck. We got definitive ink, Latrell Sprewell, 1 out of 10. Timberwolves, that's going to be on the basketball side. That'll be for Joe Cook. And we've got a Mack Jones. Prism Silver, 2021 Prism Football, Silver, PSA 10. Rookie Mack Jones for the Patriots. That's going to go to Peter. Nice. And if you like Prism, you're going to love Prism basketball. That's on the site right now. JasphysCaseRakes.com. We've got four boxes. Pick your teams and full case random teams. One spot gets you two. Check it out, JasphysCaseRakes.com. ABC, always be closing, ladies and gentlemen. All right. Now let's flip back to the list. Let's gather all of your names. And the name on top will get a couple extra packs and the Ginter card. Let's roll it, randomize it. 6 and a 3, 9 times. A little consolation prize or a cherry on top. After 9, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9th and final time. So name on top. It's a winner take all. It's going to be Jimmy with last spot moja. I don't know if I called your name too often during the break, Jimmy, but a few extra things going your way. An optic donerous UFC pack. Hey, what's cooking? A Worcestershire sauce. That's one cup. I guess that's it. Pretty easy. And a pack of 2022 Chronicles WWE. All right. There you go, gang. One more case of this in the store.  It's good for the hobby. Hashtag good for the hobby. Thanks for watching, everybody. I'll see you next time for the next one. Bye-bye.


Yng nghydfyniad yw'r ffrwng ffyrnedd a'r ffrwng ffrwng, mae'r ffrwng ffwrdd yn sicr yn meddwl fyrdd yn ystod Fyrdd yn gyfanyddrech. Felly yng nghymru yn gyrdrech ar hyn o hyn o eich ffwrdd yn Llywodraethol. Fy fyddwch yn cilirion Cymru, Lluwys Bowen Morthy, felly trafodaethwn i'n ddefnyddio'r ffrwng yn y past, ac wedi'n ffordd y llif yn ei fyddai, ond rydyn ni'n ei wneud roedd, dwi'npell i hynny'n proffort, Yn ymwneud yw'r reilyg. Yn ymwneud yw'r reilyg yw'r llynig. Yn ymwneud yw'r llynig yn y gweithio. Yn ymwneud yw'r llynig yw'r llynig yw'r llynig yw'r llynig. Rwy'n gwaith i fynd ymwneud ymddangos i'r cyffredinol, ac mae'n gofal o enghreifft ac mae'n gwneud hynny yw'r llynig, ond mae nhw'n gallu gael ei fod yn y ffordd o'i ceisio. I mean, sometimes I struggle getting over what I want to say in English, but, you know, in your own native tongue, you can have those conversations, it also helps to keep things private from other people as well, if you're speaking in, right, if people don't understand. But I think that number one is, I'm not saying that's the number one thing, but that's a box tick and thing that he would want. And number two, it seems to have been quietly going about doing his coaching, getting his coaching experience, getting his badges. I think he worked with him at one of the... Sporting. He was the under-19 coach while Silver was the manager, so he's been doing under-19s, he's been doing under-23s, things like that. He coached 70s, I think they were called, and he's now the assistant manager at Machaby Heifer as well. So he's got experience in particularly doing the assistant manager job, so he ticks those boxes, he's 41 as well, I think. So he was a good age when he made as the manager. And Bow and Morty was a player. He had an edge to him. It wasn't a very nice... It wasn't ever very nice. Well, he had an edge to him, and he wanted to win. And the qualities that I think you need, and I think I look at him as a fiery character. And now he had a run in my Duncan, and so that would be interesting, but listen, the six, seven, eight years past that, and about coaching, so it is what it is. It's a chance for him if he comes in and it looks likely that he will, that he'll get no Duncan personally, rather than crossing paths on a football pitch. I want someone who demands the players to have a bit more fight about them. Our players showed that when they cried with them the last 10 weeks, they were brilliant, albeit with the exception of Fullham and possibly Newcastle for the last half an hour in general. So if you've got someone who's testing them as well, you've got the manager putting his instructions on you, you've got someone who's challenging them. I think it can be a good partnership. I know we mentioned having a more senior man sometimes, but do you think having someone who's around the same ages as the manager, their energy levels will match so that if Mark Wasill was working all the hours and he wants the assistant manager to do that as well, you can do that. And you have the same, and also you're coming from around the same, obviously the same generation of football philosophy as well. Cos obviously he's going to have to look at Bow and Morty and he's going to go, what style are you used to playing? What are you used to getting out of your players? What do you coach? You know, if they're the same philosophies as what the manager wants, then obviously those things have got to fit into place. It wouldn't be so far down the line as what it is if they weren't. He's not going to go to Bow and Morty, please, direct football, knock on their internet channels. He's not going to go after him as he's going to go for someone who does the same thing. The thing as well with Lewis Bow and Morty is that what goes on in football now, he's not out to touch with. He's a few years out the game, but he's working and coaching every day. So it's not like bringing in Joe Royal, say, for argument, saying he's a fantastic man and a fantastic knowledge of football. But what was going on when he was a manager isn't necessarily going on now, or it's very different. So having someone who's the same age as the manager, I think you've made a great point, the energy levels as well. It's intense, the Premier League, you're seeing some managers this year look like they've been dragged through the mill.  You know, when you just, because that's how much and emotion are the other philosophies across the park, it looks like he's about to explode after time, because it's that demanding. So you need people with that energy and that enable to take on those demands as well. You know, we're ever not trying to improve and improve. This manager knows it's a big season this season because our owner has put money in and he'll put money in again. And he expects results and you need someone who's going to come in and drive those players to results as well. We won't know whether it'll work until it works together, but if the manager's identified him and he's got all of those attributes as well going on, then you can only think that it'd be a good fit. Yeah, and it is. Although it's only been a year, it's something fresh. One of the things obviously under Howard Kendall was Howard Kendall bloating Colin Harvie, wasn't he? But he wasn't his original number two, was he? No, no. He promoted Colin, didn't he? Cos he's just that. Mick Heaton was there and he was in in Iran. And Colin come up from the, he promoted him from the reserve team and you'd the reserve team and put him in. And then the club went to the next one. I mean, Derek Monfield, who was being in front of the show, was being in quite a few times. He says it was from when Colin was promoted. Peter Day told us Andy Gray, the same thing. When Colin was promoted, everything went on another level. Wasn't that Howard, wasn't a fantastic manager. But you resist that manager, put things across and was the buffer again and different things. And sometimes it's that. And it's that energy. And don't forget these players now. Bow and motor will be meeting all these players for the first time. And having a look at them and training, what can he do, what can he do. It might be someone who's, who Marco goes, I think he might look at him and go, Yeah, but as he got that desire or vice versa. Silver might be looking past someone and go, No, I'm not really sure about caring that old frag him in the second, Bow and Morty. Might be like, well, what about that if you thought of doing this or that. You don't know cos you don't know what them workings are like. But all you can trust in is that we continue the work we've done. It's obviously a blow losing someone who's in the club and the players are used to now. But in some respects, you have to look at it the other side and go, Well, all right. Well, it means that the players have to impress this new fella as well. You know, the likes of Sigarton again, who's had a great season or a very good season. You've got to impress Bow and Morty again, you know. But the advantage there is that Charlotte speaks Portuguese and Benard and Gomez, hopefully. And things so Bow and Morty can talk to that. There's all the little key elements as well that go in there. But ultimately the proof will be in the pudding, won't it? But the manager has identified him. Marcel Brans will be like, well, if you're happy with him. And he meets this and he meets that. We'll meet him and have a chat with him. And if their philosophy's all gone the right direction, then I expect Bow and Morty to probably become the number two. And it's a great opportunity for him to get back into the Premier League, isn't it? You know, his first job in coaching side in the Premier League club. And hopefully the transition will be smooth. You know, the manager's still in the number one person there. No, that's it, isn't it? It's an appointment within the coaching staff. So, as you just mentioned, as long as it's a smooth transition, you know, one comes in, one goes out, and everything else stays the same. Who's the same, Bow and Morty? Doesn't come in and it's got the same work ethic as the manager.  So, who's the same, Bow and Morty? Isn't the manager Ivan Silver on now? I'm going, well, we want to do, you know, get a bit more out of it. We just don't know, do we, but we'll only know as the season goes on. But, you know, hopefully they'll make the right decision. They've tended to do things correctly since they come in. And, like I say, the appointment won't be made if Marcel Brands doesn't give it the back. It's just hard to know, isn't it? It's hard to know with these things. We don't know with the manager we've been in for a year, and these people just seem to be faces in the background at the time, rather than being big personalities, which is what a lot of these people seem to be now in the background. You don't really seem to get, you know, we grew up in an era of knowing, you know, the Brian Kloss and the Peter Taylor's, and people fitting together and doing different jobs. Now, with a lot of things going on off the field now, in terms of directors of football, they are all left to just get on with. So maybe the assistant manager's role is almost, I don't know, maybe it's taking a lot of those duties, because, you know, Ferguson used to just be upstairs after time and let the coach in. That's why he used to go and get a boss number two. That's why he used to change them all the time. Number two used to do all the training. He'd delegate and make sure he had his finger in all the pies at the club. That doesn't have to happen anymore, because certainly for those of Marcel Brands, he's taking care of a lot of the transfer stuff. The manager's taking care of the team, and obviously his assistant and his coach are taking care of preparing the football team. So from that point of view, that they make the right decision and bring the right man in. And we'll wait and see what happens. The thing with Paul Morty is very experienced in the Premier League as well. Arsenal obviously full them. He takes all the box. Boxers, you know, young up and coming coach. He's got experience, speaks Portuguese, well, is Portuguese, speaks obviously fluent English as well. Being around the Premier League. Coach thing you are. Yeah, so we'll wait and see what happens. Obviously it's happening at the right time as well. You know, so you can get all this preparation for the pre-season and all that with that. So shouldn't be, hopefully, too much of an issue bringing? Listen, they'll all be in the back-to-backing four weeks already, so we'll be in place and ready for Kenya and other pre-season games to be announced very soon. Very, very soon. I hope this video a like if you like it. If you like it, give it a like. Well, even if you just think it's alright to give it a like, why not? It does help. It really does help. Subscribe if you haven't already and if you want more great videos, join us over on Patreon.


Okay, let's start. Just a few words, thank you from Nuage Network to invite us to explain a little bit what we've done with them on our infrastructure. I'm here with Fatou Mata, who is our platform owner on network and security, and Maxime, who is the network engineer, the real expert on Nuage. Okay, so the agenda, I will go very quickly on Numergy, because I'm not sure that everybody knows Numergy. Expect all Numergy guys over there, and Nuage people over there. We still have all the guests in the room. So, Numergy had been built two years ago with three investors, SFR, BUL, and KSDIPO, which is the French government. We are now two years after a little bit more than 100 people in the company. We have four data centers. We have one network operations center, one SOC, one lab, and also two POP, which allow us to connect on the internet. I put a lot of different information on the side, but basically we are using different kind of hardware. The main one for the compute is HP, and on the network is Alcatel Lucent with Nuage on top of it.  The main one is security, which includes a lot of different kind of small services inside, but we have a SOC taking care for the security aspect of our customer, 24 hours. We are also providing some SLA 49s. In terms of business, we are working only on indirect mode, so we are working with partner, so they are using our own infrastructure to build their solution to sell to end customer. Today we have roughly a little bit less than 100 partners using our infrastructure, and we have somewhere a thousand end customers working or using our VM or network infrastructure. A small slide just to explain and to show you some of our partner and the kind of service that they are providing on our platform. I will not go in detail in it. Numergy is definitely based in France, and we want to stay in France. We want to localize our data in France. That's our main goal, but France is not enough, so we already started to work on a pan-European alliance. So what we do is we look after different public cloud providers in all the country, and we start discussing with them to integrate their offer to us and having one unique European proposition for our customers. We will talk a bit more technically on it later. Just one thing, because building everything that we've done in less than two years, this wasn't possible at all with any real culture implemented in the company, so we are fully agile. We are trying to be more DevOps than everybody else. So that's our main culture inside the company, and that's why we succeed to build what we don't. And now, I will leave the stage to Maxim, who will... It's Fatou? Can you hear me? We use OpenStack as a public cloud provider. We use OpenStack to orchestrate our cloud because of its modular architecture. Well, you know, yesterday the legal example given at the keynotes, I think illustrates it very well. So we can have modular architecture, multi-tenancy, and also automation. And we use it with Neutron because also of multi-tenancy, and it allows us to also have multi-networks per tenant. So OpenStack with Neutron, and we also have an approach with SDN solutions because a software-defined network definitely allows us to have network programmability and dynamic configuration. So it's easy for us when we have a software-defined network solution to automate our provisioning and also for scalability and to manage the overlay and have flexibility and also have a perspective to one oriented to bring all the services such as MPLS for our customers and to extend services on MPLS on our network. So knowing that, I will let Maxim tell you a bit about Neage Network. Hello everybody. So based on these requirements, we decide to choose Neage Networks because you reply all stuff. For example, we can with Neage manage several orchestrators like OpenStack, of course, that we use, but we can in addition use VCloud Director and CloudStack. And Neage Networks can manage several improviser tips like KVM, VMWare, Xen, and coming soon Microsoft HyperV. Neage in addition have many other key features like it can be installed on every hardware so you can use your existing material to install Neage and you can install it very easily. You just have two nodes at minimum to have a lab or for testing purpose. But if you want to have a production platform with high availability, there is only six nodes to install. In addition, it's really easy to connect with OpenStack. OpenStack comes with a core plugin for Neutron and you change it, you replace it by the plugin from Neage. And that's it for the controller node and you install another little software on each hypervisor, the VRS, the virtual routing and switching module. Neage can also provide a new extension of API. You can use Service Chaining. It's the way to forward traffic based on the source IP address or the destination IP address to another VM. You can also configure ACLs by API and you can also configure MPL-S2NL to connect your public router to the Neage infrastructure directly. Now I just will explain how it works when you create a VM on OpenStack. OpenStack, of course, creates the VM and communicates to the compute node to start the VM. Then the module, the VRS, install on each compute node detects the instantiation, the start of the VM and requests the all information you need to build the network for this VM. So the VSD, the Virtual Service Directory, replies through the VSC, the Virtual Software Service Controller to the VRS and the VRS builds everything, all the flow needed by the VM. Actually the flow between the two VM and two hypervisor are supported by VXLAN. So there is a direct communication, a direct tunnel on all hypervisor and with that we are able to separate the hypervisor across multiple data centers. And for the customer it's like the tenants don't see that they are in several data centers so we can have a DRP plan or something like that. So this OpenStack, this infrastructure of OpenStack and Neage Networks enable Neage to be here today and have a production platform since the 1st of July. It's very exceptional because we just started the decision to use Neage at the last year. So we un-start everything in just a month. I think it's very important to say that. Just in the last of April we were with Avana and 2.0 Neage Network versions so since that we have upgraded so without service interruptions and that was easy to migrate, let's say. So I will now explain the numergy design in detail, not exactly but more. So why? We choose of course Neage because it offers us the SDN function but for the load balancing and VPN Neage is not providing this feature and because numergy needs it really we decide to implement a service VM. So I will explain now how it works basically. So thanks to Neage we are able to use service chaining so we create 3 rules just here and thanks to this rule we can force the traffic constrain the traffic to go where we want. So for example if I want to go from one VM to another VM on the same subnet we allow this traffic directly. The traffic don't pass through the SVM but if we want a VM talk to another VM on another subnet we constrain the traffic to go through the SVM to be firewalled directly from OpenStack. So we use with this architecture we can use the direct API offered by OpenStack for the firewall as a service. And we program the SVM by an agent and numergy develop ourselves this agent to be able to configure the SVM. This agent is directly connected to the Neage plugin and Neutron. Because we are a public provider we have several many customers and we have to a big challenge. The challenge is to use efficiently the IPv4 because we don't have much IP. So we have to optimize the way we allocate this IP for the customer. If you want I can be more detailed for this but not now. I can reply your answer how we do it at the end of the session. And the last slide is just to show you the design, the old design of numergy. As you can see it's quite simple. We just have all OpenStack components. We just install in the middle the new edge component and that's all. Finally we just have a basic installation of every component and we are able to offer to our customer a full service of OpenStack. To understand also the service is completely transparent from the customer point of view. Inside the horizon you don't see anything about it. The only thing is that we offer additional services that we are refining with LD and we are providing through the ESM. But it's on the horizon, it's managed by API from the top so it's fully transparent. Yes, thank you. So with this design we can have an upgrade configuration. So thank you Maxime. With the architecture we build we can address every cloud just to offer our customer what they need it. When you talk about disaster recovery plan so you need to store your data and for security reasons if you have some outage you just can restore your data and that's what we want to offer to our customer. And also talking about cloud is about on-demand services so you can have a peak of workflow and outscaling can bring you that flexibility to manage your resources and your usage and also storage and archiving your data. And that's the way we see the opportunity with hybrid cloud is to just change the way you invest and focus your investment on OPEX versus on KPEX. So that's why with all this architecture we build so with Neurage Network and our SVM we are able to address these services private cloud and hybrid cloud. So with security we are building in our SVM and also with our security operation center. So next steps will be very focused on the cloud alliance team so to build an infrastructure that will be transparent and where we could provide and where our partners can provide numergy services with transparency and all the contractual aspects related to it. And also we are looking forward to extend our one with our SVM solution so being able with Neurage to have a global view of your data center hardware I mean routers, your PE so that's what they call data center interconnect and to have a global view from the VSD graphical interfaces and manage the provisioning of your router into that center. And also needs of IPv6 in our infrastructure so we'll go furthermore with all these aspects I think we are done. So don't hesitate if you have questions. We want it to be very interactive and just if you go out you know what about what is numergy, what's numergy experience on Neurage Network and so don't hesitate. Today is basically the entire connection. So that's the first thing. So that's what we focus here. We focus on how we manage to be able to give the connectivity whatever the different kind of connectivity you want and what we want to do then what we've done is basically to automatize everything. Either the customer wants to be connected with a direct private link or through a VPN through internet or a VPN or whatever and everything is transparent. But I'm not sure. The provisioning is very powerful. We have provisioned them outside and then you can make an interconnect. Our world just provides infrastructure as a service. So after it's one of our partner, they have the software or any kind of solution to be able to do this aggregation of cloud and cloud kind of software on the top to manage all the cloud. Examples, yeah. I suppose we'll upgrade very soon. Yep. You mentioned that you have a security operation center. Yes. What different tools does your security center need? Huh, he's not here. Jeremy is here. Probably one of the guys that security can answer. They have a bunch of different tools. What tools do they need? I'll give you my mic. Yeah. So any tools like password to analyze logs needs to like... Every tool you can get is good to analyze. So if you ask what we have, we have like big V's which analyze the connection from administrator. It tries to identify when there is a connection that doesn't sound legit. When it's like a string connection at midnight or something like this. They also analyze logs with a browser, RSI, and vision. It depends on the customer. If the customer wants us to look into, we do it. But for first, we look globally, because we don't want to be too, you know, in terms of the data of the customer.  So we are thinking, starting to launch, something a little bit more dedicated for the customer. So doing exactly the same thing, using the same tool, but for the customer. That means that we need to have a little bit more information about what's going on on the tenant of the customer. So it's a customer choice at the end. Only one. Only one customer. Yes. Today. One question. Clear? If you want more information, just comment below. Both before, yes. Both before. We have a lot of information over there. Okay, thank you. If no more questions, you are free. Thank you, everybody. Thank you very much.


Let's go get in the project, basic project updates. So every year, CNCF publishes a project velocity report. And this is a report that was published in last 2024 Jan. It's like a report from like based on the data that was collected from 23 Jan to 24 Jan. And based on that, Continuity is like the 13th most active project in the CNCF ecosystem with like 281 unique authors like contributing to the project. And then if you move on to the usage growth, the adoption of continuity has like almost doubled in the last year based on a report from like data talk that was published in like now, November 2023. And then this adoption that we mentioned earlier was like mostly driven by the Kubernetes distros like there are a bunch of them. And along with this, there are also other services like AWS Fargate and Docker also that uses continuity underneath, not just the cloud providers and the Kubernetes distros. And that's about that option. And yes, now let's get into the continuity ecosystem. So we have a core set of services and API in continuity that has been there for like now almost six, seven years. And like you can say that is like pretty mature. And all the extents, continuity is like pretty extensible and everything has been developed with keeping this extensibility in mind. So we have the client and the backend which includes the content store, Snapshotter and runtime. So if you get into the client part, like you have the kubelet which uses the CRI side and then the container engine and buildkit which uses the continuity client and then NetKettle and Finch, Colima extra. Also like the Snapshotters and Container Dishims. Now let's get into each one of those extensible pieces. So going on to the clients, we have CTR which is like a command line data tool that is part of the core continuity project itself. It provides basic functionality to deal with a continuity features and also can be used as a debugging tool. Then we have NetKettle which is a non-core continuity project and it's supposed to say Docker like CLI. And it can be also used to test new features of continuity basically in NetKettle is like go hand-in-hand with continuity, you can say. Then you have the CRI CTL which is a CLI for the CRI APA which is a Kubernetes project. And then you have Docker or Mobi which uses continuity. Recently like Docker also started using further integration into the continuity image store and like Snapshotters and other continuity features. Then there are a bunch of developer platforms which uses continuity which includes like Colima which provides container run times on macOS and Linux with a very minimal setup. Then Finch is from AWS which is another Docker like CLI for macOS and recently they launched for Windows. Then you have Rancher Desktop. It provides a Docker like experience on macOS, Windows and Linux. Now moving on to the Snapshotters part which can be also extended via the ProCy plugins. There are a set of built-in or what you can call as core Snapshotters and Blockfile is one such new Snapshotter that was introduced recently and we also have like Metraverse, DevMapper, extra in the core Snapshotters. There are also a bunch of remote Snapshotters like NIDUS, OverlayBD, StarGC, extra and AKS Artifact Streaming is like a new vendor project that was like recently into the remote Snapshotters. Now moving on to the run times and Streams part. We have the OCR run times like RunC which is the default Linux OCR run time and there are other run times that container support and there are like other external Stream projects. For example, like the HCR Stream which helps to run container D on Windows and Runverse and container VASM Streams are like new projects that helps to run VASM workloads on WebAssembly workloads on like Kubernetes. Now we will just go through the current supported release of like container D. So currently there are like two branches, two active branches going on like 1.6 and 1.7. 1.6 is considered as a LTS release and so 1.7 recently we had a change in the 1.7 released and end of life timeline. This was because like if 1.6 is an end of life, 1.6 is an LTS and like 1.7 is not LTS, there is a chance that the importers can get stuck on a version of container D that is end of life. So like we have changed the support policy so that 1.7 will also be in an extended period of support. So 1.6, container D and 1.7 will be like going into end of life at the same time. And then we have the container D 2.0 which will be like released in a few months. So now moving on to the container D 2.0 features. So first let's get into the release plan. The container D 2.0 beta was released like in last November before the KubeCon NA. And now we have the container D 2.0 RC was released two days back and it will be highly grateful like if everyone can like test out the container D RC and like report the issues or like any feedback that you have so that we can make a stable release. So now going on to the features in container D 2.0, there has been a huge refactoring that has been done in container D and like there has been a pretty good code trend like moving the packages in the code base and like creating separate reports. So this was done so that it was to make the go client or we want to call the go client as stable. So as part of it like the client and core API packages will be stable and there won't be any breaking changes in minor releases in the 2.x series. And for the rest of the features, I hand over to Beifu. I think before we introduce the new features, I think we need to check out the duplications. One of the reasons to start a new major release is to remove the existing duplications. You know, we've already deprecated so many more features in the past several releases. So we think it, 2.0 release is good timing to delete them. But you can see here is the long list, right? It's more challenging to review the item one by one. So we provide the deprecation warning features to detect if there is any in use deprecated features. So you can use the CTR2 to run it and you will say what features you are using and what suggestion can provide to you to do the migrations. This feature also bevel to the 106 and 107. So it's very convenient to you if you have a plan to upgrade to the 2.0 release. And since we have released some deprecated features, so the configure structure has been changed, right? So instead of rewriting the configure by yourself, we provide the configure migration command line to have you to cover that. And yeah, anyway, you need to ensure you don't use any deprecated feature in your production. So next is to the Sandbox API. This API is used to group multiple containers in one Sandbox environment. But traditionally has been done by the SHIM process. If you have a look at the SHIM way to invitation, you will see Kennedy can connect to existing running SHIM so that Kennedy can group multiple containers in one SHIM. But the SHIM process is used to handle the lifecycle of containers. So there's no difference between the containers. So for the Kubernetes case, we need to introduce a Sandbox concept, right? We need to create a post-connector first. And that connector is used to hold all the opening namespace resources related to the Sandbox environment. For example, we can set up a networking interface in the networking namespace, and including the routing information so that the other container can use that. So after creating the post-connector, we can apply the following application connector into the Sandbox environment. So we actually maintain the post-Sandbox concept in the CI plug-ins. But Sandbox environment doesn't mean it is a post-connector, right? It can be a secure VM environment. So we don't have the Sandbox concept, right? So there's no defined way to deal with about the Sandbox lifecycle. So every developer have to build their own concept and own logic to handle the Sandbox environment's lifecycle. So it's not expected. So we introduce the Sandbox API. So right now, in the two-hour release, Sandbox concept is the first class metadata, right? So we push down all the Sandbox API implementation back to the connected stream. So it's like external plug-ins. We can use the different configuration to choice the different Sandbox controller. It's what we did to the external plug-in for the remote snapshot. And there is the other use case. Someone want to create a Sandbox environment that has the different platform from the host. Yeah, for example, you can create a Windows-Connector in the Linux. So Sandbox can also cover that. So based on this design, we end up with this architecture. And this is for the CI service. You know, in Kubernetes, each port has the unique, the runtime handler. Each runtime handler can have a different Sandbox controller. For this one, Power Sandbox controller is the D4 one. It is the compact T-the-mode. You can run with the existing Zoom Widow Inventation without Sandbox API. So this is the workflow. Yeah, when you try to create a Sandbox environment, you need to touch the container service and then you need to use the task service to create, to involve a connected Zoom process. And then you create the task. And what is new here? It is, we introduce the Zoom management here. We can use the Zoom management to create a Zoom environment. That is similar to the Sandbox environment. So we can make adjustment to the Zoom environment just like we can make adjustment to the Sandbox. So instead of made adjustment to the post-Connector here. And with the Zoom management, we can define what is the Zoom, what the Zoom can provide us with the API. So if you choice the external Sandbox controller here, you will see the workflow is very simple. We just set up a Zoom process and just call the created Sandbox. All the detail is behind the connected Zoom Inventation. So it is up to the Zoom author. So we don't need to care about the what is, hello, what is how to create a Sandbox environment. So this is about the Sandbox API. And the next, let's talk about NII a little bit. NII is the plugin is happening when the CI plugin try to generate OCI runtime spec. And the NII plugin can take the spec and made adjustment to that. So you can think of anything you want to do around dynamic node resources for example, you want to allocate it the part of a GPU resources to your container. And this is the plugable interface so that he can keep connected very simple. So we don't need to make any significant change to suffer any type of the node resources you want to allocate it to your container. And in the tutorial list, we can talk to the, the showcase adjust that the NII plugin is listening to. So when the new container request coming, Kennedy will send the OCI spec back to the NII plugin. And the NII plugin will make adjustment to the spec and send it back to the Kennedy. So Kennedy can send a new OCI spec back to the runtime. So it's like an OCI hook, but it's very simple to use. And the next part is still related to the runtime change. Yeah, you know, we already support the username space in the one though seven release. But yeah, you know, if you just create a process with a new username space is very simple. You just call the clone with the flag. It's very simple, but it's not just the process. We need to change the file system for the container. You know, a lot of container image was being built by the admin user. So before you run the username space for the pods, you need to change the owner for the container file systems. In one though seven, we use very, very, very simple weights. We just go through all the file in the container file system, you can see here. We use the change owner to change the file ownership one by one. So in a Linux platform, we always use the overlay file system, right? So you can see this table. And the TensorFlow image is very huge and he has a lot of files. So when we touch the file in the low file, low layer, you kind of will copy up. We'll copy up. So it will bring a lot of IO here. So you can see for this image, he will take three minutes. But even if we enable the method copy option, it still take one seconds. So it's still very slow. So into that, we use the ID mapping here. ID mapping can provide us with a temporary view for the file systems. We don't need to change the files ownership physically. We just create a temporary mount points. You can see here. We just call a system call here. We can have the other view. You can see the performance is a huge improvement here. So this is all about the runtime change. Yeah, let's get back to the account. Another feature that was introduced is called transfer service. Before we dive into that, let's see why we needed something like transfer service and what does the traditional container decline do? So consider the case of a simple pull command like where you're pulling an image from a registry. It actually knows the client will first, via the distribution API, get the manifest, then get the config. So then you will know which are all the layers that need to be fetched. Then the layers are fetched one by one and stored into the content store. Then after all the layers are fetched, then we start with the unpacking. That's basically like preparing the snapshot and apply the diff one by one and finally you commit the snapshot and then create the image. So here it's like all the operations are like going one after another.  So even if you want to do some refactor or rewrite, for example, in case of like CRA had to reimplement and like it resulted in like a lot of cycling imports being done. So that's why we moved on to transfer service. It was introduced in like 1.7 as an experimental feature and now let's see what does, what transfer service does. So yeah, transfer service has a very simple interface. So basically you have a source and a destination and depending on the source and destination, it's like the operation that it's mapped to the operation that you want to. For example, a pull is basically a transfer from a registry to the image store. A push is like from the image store to the registry. And similarly you can see for like import, export, unpack, diff, tag extra. And a registry to registry one is like mirroring a registry image, which is like still not implemented. And now let's look at the general architecture of the transfer service. So you have the client and like the transfer is like basically where we have the daemon. So another feature in transfer service that we implemented was like the support for like streaming. So with this streaming actually the client can get the progress from the daemon via a stream and also the daemon can get the credentials from the request for credentials from the client via stream. So in the same way like for remote registry operations, if it's a registry source, you can resolve it and then like you get the remote registry. This actually helps with like different configurations for like support for like multiple registries. And also if the destination is like an image store, it can resolve into like the content store or image store or basically the snapshoter. Now let's see like how the transfer service works with like a parallel unpack model. So it's the same pool, but here first after getting the manifest and then getting the config. So now we know what's the snapshot that we need and then based on the snapshot that we need, we can fetch the layers and apply the different do this steps in parallel. So we don't have to wait for all the layers to be completely fetched, but like we can do the operations in parallel and commit the snapshot and then like finally create the image. This is like much more performant. The same also helps with like lazy loading of the images. So here also after the getting the config and then you get the snapshot that you need. And the snapshot here is actually you can call it just like the snapshot has to be smart enough to know that like if it knows how to fetch the content that is needed to build the file system, build the file system. So in that case, when it requested like if the snapshot is present, then the snapshoter service immediately says that, okay snapshot is present, then continuity can commit the snapshot and that create the image. But in parallel, the snapshoter service can, snapshoter can basically request for the layers and then fetch the layers in background. So these are some of the use cases that we want to solve with like transfer service. One of the main one is like confidential computing. So basically if you have a guest sandbox environment, we want to pull the image or like content directly into the guest without going via the host. Another one is like OCI refers and then we have like the plugins. So plugins to customize image pooling logic that, so this is like another part where we are, it's like the extensibility of continuity can be seen like you can actually like write custom image pooling logic, making use of transfer service. And then you have like credential management and like the CRite user transfer service in CRite plugin, which is like still in development. Yeah, besides the new features, we still do a lot of things to improve our qualities. Yes, first things we enable the 64 runner in the CI for each pooling request. And we also back all this pipeline to the 106 and 107. And since we do a lot of refactor then introduce the sandbox API and transfer service. So we already do the release upgrade test. So this test is to ensure there's no regression issue when you try to upgrade Kennedy in place. Yeah, for example, we need to ensure we can recover all the existing running parts and all the existing image. And we also running to the several cases. For example, when the IO pressure can cause the shim leaking. So we want to prevent, we want to avoid this happen again. So we introduced the fail points test doing the CI pipelines. And we still have a lot of things we want to handle around the transfer service and the sandbox API. So we have still a lot of things to do. And yeah, since we just released our first release candidate for the two hour release, so we hope the everyone want to try it and give some feedback. So that's it, thank you. So any questions? Hi, thank you for the presentation. I want to know if you guys are planning to introduce on-build images support in near future for container deal as it used to happen in Docker. You mean the SNFs for her? If you use the on-build images, the final image is much smaller. I don't know whether you call it a snapshot or not, but Chargivity says you don't support on-build images. Oh, you mean the storage, sorry, I didn't get. You can use a thing between images and use a different base image. Yeah. Built image and one-time image. But I don't. You can copy from the previous image to this image. So the layered image you have, the sub- Like the largest space built here. I think already, I think the Bukie already supported because we don't do the building function in Canada. So, yeah. Thank you. Thanks very much for the presentation. Unless I'm mistaken, at the last KubeCon, you were expected to already have a container D2O released by now. It seems like there was a delay. I'm curious if things were much more complicated than expected. And if so, what was the challenge and what's been happening? I think I still have a task about the Centerbox API. We'll need to improve it. Yeah. Yeah, this kind of delay because we want to introduce the streaming IO. Streaming I will use the API instead of use the naming pipe. Yeah. Yeah, right now, we copy the connected IO from the one pipe to the other pipe. But right now, we want to introduce the streaming IO API to handle that. We don't want to introduce the pipe things. So we still have a couple requests related to the Centerbox. So I think those is nice to have. Yes, because we still want to provide a good function to help the developer can implement their own Centerbox controller. So right now, I think the streaming things, we still need to wait for it. Yeah. Yeah, it makes sense. And I think the last time I checked, Quasar was the only one that had implemented on the SHIM side the Sandbox API. Is it still them or is RunC also made progress on that? I think right now, we don't have the Centerbox implementation in the SHIM way too. We just add the POS Centerbox controller in the CI layer. So this is used to compatible with the existing RunSHIM. I think we can implement the Centerbox API things in the future. Maybe, yeah, we need to wait for the existing SHIM way to implementation can handle that. Unless I'm mistaken, Quasar has an implementation that is already working against the beta. We are not working on it right now. Yeah, we just want to implement this in the. Quasar. Quasar. Quasar. It was donated by Huawei. And it's now a CNCF incubating project. Yeah, they are pushed us to merge things. Yeah. Yeah, Quasar. They're working on the implementation and it's lost. So they're the only ones at the moment who are implementing it on the southbound side? I think so. I mean, I don't know. Yeah, we know. I was watching carefully their application to join the CNCF and I really wanted them to join because I'm really quite excited about Sandbox API. And yeah, they joined, I think, just before Christmas. And I was like, yes. Yeah. Because yeah, I'm quite interested in the more Sandbox API from the security perspective. So better runtime isolation and Firecracker potentially. Yeah. Is that the, as far as I understand, when Sandbox API is implemented then Firecracker would be a possible native Shim implementation, right? Yeah, you could implement. Yeah. I mean, any lightweight type provides a wrapper and a pod to container. Because right now, they require like a fork of container D. But now with the Sandbox, they won't need that fork anymore, right? Right. Okay, cool. I'm quite excited about that. Cool. Yeah. Okay, thanks.


1943, Italy. The Allies had won a toehold on Europe. After Bloody Salerno, Prime Objective was Fosier, an array of Nazi Italian airfields strategically close to the heart of Germany. Early the next year, General Spatz came to Fosier to inspect us, made Twining's new outfit, the 15th Air Force. General Laker was taking over command of the Mediterranean Theater. The brass met to plan air support, the keystone for Allied armies on the road to Rome. Winter rains made sunny Italy a sea of mud. Taking 61 days to travel 8 miles, the 5th Army inched its way up the boot. Their order was, push north through the German lines and liberate Rome. Every day at 0600, the 12th Air Force reported for tactical missions. Seeing the same winter weather, we were handed the grim job of blasting a hole through the Gustav Line. We fighter pilots were the sword point of the new Mediterranean Allied Air Forces. Forged in Africa, tempered in Pantelleria and blooded in Sicily, the 12th was now put to the big test. Italy, no soft thunderbelly, was defended by at least 24 tough German divisions. We had 11. To balance the opposing forces, we mounted daily strikes to protect our tanks, to clear a path for our infantry.  There was no mud in the sky. Its greater forces then called for steady ground pressure to be synchronized with strong air strikes. American airmen were taking off to buzz the Appian way. The ancient highway, trot by Caesar's triumph and legions of old. It was our job to open the rugged road to Rome. Locking the way were minefields, occupied villages, protected by Nazi air drums and Nazi tanks. Here was a network of rails and roads that had to be cut before our own troops, stymied on the narrow mountainous peninsula, could move. Even Army mules had difficulty climbing Italy's rocky backbone. Allied forces, which now included some Italians, measured our advances in mountain tops instead of miles.  But in spite of terrain, weather and dug in Nazis, the 5th Army kept up the pressure. From village to village, from mountain to mountain, it was the same bitter action. Attacks and advances. They approached Casino, gateway to Rome. This was one of those bitter moments born by war. Higher top monastery hill in the Abbey of Monte Casino, the godless Nazis had installed an observation post and from there followed the movements of Allied soldiers below. Relying on the reluctance of the Allies to damage the Abbey, the Germans dominated the Leary Valley. From the sacred citadel itself, they tried to destroy the forces of freedom by directing concentrations of accurate and murderous fire. American 5th Army artillery hammered back. In weeks of investigation, including personal reconnaissance over Monte Casino by General Acker and Devers, the Allies decided we would bomb and shell the Nazi hell town in Abbey. For tactical reasons, Acker was opposed to the bombing. Instead, he favored using air to strangle enemy supply. But Allied leaders felt the continued sacrifice of our own men must stop. Everything else having failed, the Allies ordered air power to neutralize the Nazi observation post. Worried Germans heard the first wave drone overhead. Like rabbits, the enemy darted into surrounding caves and tunnels carved into solid rock. Long prepared, their gust of line pivoted on fortified Casino, the town as well as the Abbey, which the Germans had made a military target. But the enemy survived the bombing. Fanatic, they still had the will to fight. Up from their tunnels, their bunkers, up into the ruins, their tough paratroopers quickly regrouped. In minutes, they reestablished their strong points. The Germans were back in business. Cracked the gust of line was to choke off the enemy's flow of supplies south of growth. The operation was aptly named strangle. In March, those of us flying for the 12th and 15th Air Forces began to deliver a series of blows against rail yards, tracks, trains and bridges, especially bridges. In Italy, there were more than 40,000 bridges. Operation strangle was successful from the start. We hunted enemy trains and cut their lines in more than 100 places. We opened a new air and ground drive, a big one. We had the enemy on the run. Our fifth army cracked the gust of line. It had taken seven weeks to cut his main arteries and let enemy supply mobility. The heart of German ground strength was stymied. In the midst of General Mark Clark, with the splendid effort of our Air Force, we put the enemy on the road. Allied forces had triumph at a price, part of it, 9,000 airmen. But the road to Rome was open at last. There were cheers from grateful Romans for the weary men who had exploded through the tight enemy ring at Anzio's bloody beachhead. Now, after nine months of brutal war, half of once-Nazi-dominated Italy was free. And the eternal city opened its arms. No and Operation Strangle came new lessons in the application of air power. In the forthcoming prelude to the Normandy invasion, you will see these hard-won lessons and tactics sharpened by the now campaign-wise United States Air Force.


Hello, and welcome to this presentation of the STM32L4 USB 2.0 full-speed interface. It covers the features of this interface, which is widely used to interface with a PC. This slide explains the scope of this chapter within the STM32L4 product lines. As can be seen in this table, this presentation describes the USB 2.0 full-speed device interface, supported in STM32L452-462 and STM32L432-442-433 for 43 devices. This figure shows the connections between an STM32L4 microcontroller and a USB connector. The STM32L4 features a USB 2.0 full-speed communication interface, allowing the microcontroller to communicate typically with a PC. The simplest implementation is a USB peripheral device. It provides a 16-end point capability, which can be configured, for example, as eight bi-directional end points. It also supports the battery charging detection specification, version 1.2. Application benefits include crystal-less operation, a low-power implementation, and faster charging, thanks to the charger detection function. Let's look at some of the key features of this USB full-speed interface, which is a USB 2.0 compliant interface that operates at a 12 megabit per second bit rate. A USB FS device can be implemented. Crystal-less operation is supported. A total of 16 end points, eight bi-directional, can be supported. Full support for isochronous end points. Bulk end points are able to use a double-buffering mode offering higher performance. Inbuilt support for link power management adds enhanced power modes on top of the USB 2.0 specification. Battery charger detection allows for increased current to be drawn from BCI 1.2 compliant chargers, allowing up to 1.5 amp charging. The block diagram of the USB full-speed device controller shows the various building blocks inside, along with its analog transceiver, which manages the physical layer shown above. The physical layer, or FI, handles the analog signal levels, including specific level detections as well as battery charger detection functions. The USB interrupt goes to the Cortex processor to signal various USB events. The AHB peripheral bus, or APB, enables read-write access of the controller. Other key elements are the packet buffer memory and the suspend driver, allowing low power operation. Several related peripherals work in conjunction with the USB device controller to link the USB activity to the system power mode and the requirements of the software. The clock recovery system allows operation without an external crystal using the integrated HSI oscillator as the main clock source. The interrupt events are sent to the non-vectored interrupt controller via a single line. The system events can cause the system to wake up from stop mode, for example, at the moment we resume from USB suspend mode. The USB device controller generates interrupts in different circumstances, which generally require handling by software. The first two listed interrupts cover various error and warning conditions. The remaining interrupts correspond to normal USB protocol events. The USB peripheral is fully active in run mode. After a suspend event, sleep mode and also stop zero and one modes are available. Stop two and standby mode should not be used. Some debug help is available using a single status bit which corresponds to an interrupt event. Within the USB device controller, the dedicated ERR status bit provides some debug functionality in a USB application in relation to various events. The events that can trigger this debug bit are listed in this table. There is also a way to directly read the states of the D plus and D minus lines. Here is an application example of a low power peripheral device. Power is drawn directly from the USB Vbus signal. No crystal is required. For complete USB specification documents, please refer to usb.org. The USB 2.0 document home page has a zip file containing the USB 2.0 and OTG 2.0 specifications and an engineering change notice or ECN for link power management or LPM. The USB device class documents page has the battery charger specification. Additional information can be found in these application notes.