Good afternoon and to come to this short validity function, I am told that the workshop has gone well rather rigorous as I personally found out and I have gone to the Goa remote center and as some of my colleagues have visited some other remote centers will of course I do not know whether the feedback has been collected or it has yet to come. Administratively, I would like to reiterate that we have decided that no certificate will be issued unless you have put in your feedback. Please remember that the feedback is anonymous so we do not know what is said by whom if you so choose but we definitely know whether every faculty member attending this workshop has given the feedback or not that is recorded. So kindly give the feedback you would recall that I had mentioned that this is first of the new series of workshops where we now have the mandate from the ministry to try and train up to 10,000 teachers in a single subject. This time we attempted to scale up we had about 167 remote centers we will increase this number in future for the other courses. We will also be setting up some nodal centers so that the interaction between the participants at the remote centers and the experts at these nodal centers could be perhaps more intense than what is feasible when you scale up to this magnitude. Most important point is that in a very fundamental course such as thermodynamics more than 5600 teachers have enthusiastically participated and my request to all of you would be that please add to whatever expertise you yourself have please add to whatever teaching methodology that you have been following please add to your expertise and your methodology whatever additional useful points that you find from this workshop and try to enhance the quality of teaching that you will undertake in coming years when you deal with the students. I am tempted to repeat once again the main point that in today's four year syllabus framework the basic engineering courses suffer for two reasons one the numbers have been reduced and therefore the coverage has been reduced and two students increasingly tend to neglect those subjects which are not perceived as directly relevant to their own field of study. I have seen this to be particularly true with computer science students but I think this would generally be true about other students as well it is all the more important therefore that when you teach your students tell them that fundamental subjects such as thermodynamics have no cast or creed like this discipline or that discipline they are just fundamentally important subjects connecting physics with engineering. I am sure that you would have now decided upon the assignment that you will be doing as a team a team have been formed already I guess. Professor Gaitonde has been quite enthusiastic about trying to introduce new models of assignment like repairing spoken tutorials and that could be a very very important and useful contribution. This is something by the way which was never feasible to be made part of any reference material in conventional course so because spoken tutorials cannot be printed in a book and cannot be read from a printed material you need modern technology for that most of our remote centers are also our Akash project partners and they will be attempting to use Akash for teaching some of their subjects I am sure that some teachers from these colleges who are participating might want to teach thermodynamics either in the coming semester or in the semester starting with July using Akash tablets I would encourage you to think like that and I will make sure that not by January but by July time frame every remote center college would have sufficient number of Akash tablets to try and teach courses of such fundamental importance but do please do take the team assignment very seriously and do not forget that whatever you do will be released in open source and therefore you have to not only ensure that the quality of the work that you submit is good and is appreciated to be good by others all over the world we will see it but very particularly avoid even a remote chance of somebody accusing us of plagiarism plagiarizing some material from some source without any appropriate credit being given to that finally before I hand over my to the coordinator and his colleague faculties here I would like to suggest that the colleges that you come from and most of you will not belong to the remote center colleges themselves you will be coming from different institutions please try to suggest to other colleague teachers in your colleges that in future when we conduct the remaining 14 workshops over the next 3 years many of them teaching different subjects might want to benefit from this endeavor although we have a slightly different funding model because this time the government has said that since the scale is large we will be restricting certain expenses still overall there is a substantial support available for conducting these workshops and for participating these workshops so I hope to see more and more of you and your other colleagues coming forward to benefit from these workshop model I must also compliment the workshop coordinators at these respective remote centers who for 2 weeks have been coordinating the activities of the workshop you will all agree that it is not an easy job to do a lot of work there maintaining even the infrastructure technical infrastructure working correctly right like audio and and video connections of the internet connections the moodle understand that there are some moodle problems when you people give the test yes so I wanted to assure you that in summer when we conduct the exercise we will most surely be moving moodle out of our own proxy servers setup so that there will be no scaling problem in future in any case I think both the participants and the remote center coordinators are to be complimented to have overcome these small glitches and how made this workshop successful and of course last but not the least there are two sets of people in IIT Bombay itself whom I must compliment first is our team here the workshop team can you just there are some of them at least here not all but some so anyway whatever numbers you see here at least three times as many are working in the back-end labs and so on so thank you very much for helping us to conduct this workshop properly and finally the three faculty members who agreed to take this step please remember that when when we said we will conduct this mega workshop of 10,000 teachers we had no approval from the ministry to conduct it so we had a lot of problems what would happen if the sanction does not come in time and so on and yet Professor Gayathondey, Professor Bandarkar and Professor Puranik agreed to take this step and prepared accordingly and they have delivered so thank you very much the good news is that the formal sanction later from the ministry for extension of this program has been issued not exactly before the course began but before the course ended the later is dated 20th of December which was exactly one day before the course end so whatever we have done has the formal approval of the ministry not just for expenditure but for our certification program from ISD and so on so I think all is well that ends well I will conclude by once again thanking profusely Professor Gayathondey, Professor Bandarkar, Professor Puranik so let me at least shake hands with you for doing a marvelous job thank you thank you very much may I request my colleague professors to say a few words in conclusions so I would like to thank everyone who made this possible so I am still not I would say I am still not that convergent with thermodynamics to answer a variety of questions that professor Gayathondey is able to answer and but however with you know hopefully with more practice I would be able to you know get myself more absorbed in this so I would say that these small lectures that I have taken have really helped me also because I do try my best to prepare much better and during these preparations I definitely learn something new each time and this has been a good learning experience for me and I hope that people do put in effort when they teach their students so that I mean students can ask various types of questions and it is not very always very easy to answer all these questions and what it makes us do is that we go back and try to figure out what is being said whether this makes sense and always try to come up with better and better answers and during that process each time we learn something and I think that is something that I would probably ask all of you to do that each time you try to make the course new and different and even learn something new each time and you will realize during the course of time that you have learned quite a lot so this is all I have to say because finally all of your teachers and maybe this is something that I have been trying to do all this time and I hope you can do the same too and ensure that the students feel that something good is being taught or some reasonable amount of stuff is being taught so that is my all that I have to say so I will just pass on the mic now thank you yeah actually I would like to thank Professor Gaithondaya and Patak and not really a thermodynamics person but fortunately Professor Gaithondaya realized that I suppose and he asked me to handle a very small part that too is not really a thermodynamic per se part as some people can say in any case I have similar comments to what Professor Bandarkar has said it's been a good learning experience for all of us this is the second work that I am involved in even in the first workshop which happened about six months back it was again exactly the same sort of an experience in the sense that while delivering these lectures and interacting with participants we end up learning sufficient amount and I can right away tell you that while the interactions were going on over the last two or three days I have already come up with a few new ideas for problems in my next semester's class so I would like to thank some of the participants whose questions have prompted those ideas and this is precisely what we would like to convey in my opinion that you have to constantly keep thinking about this this subject hardly ever it is going to happen that you attend a workshop or attend a course and you think that you have understood sufficient amount of it it never happens so what we have to do is we keep going back to the same material again and again and try to think it in different fashions in doing so invariably you will go through different books and one thing about through different books is that different flavors or ideas conveyed by different people you can try to put together in your own world and eventually what happens is it helps in delivering a class lecture once you have gone through these things so my suggestion and request to you is that a very large amount of material has been transferred to you over these last 10 days and quite honestly I do not expect that everyone will be sufficiently comfortable with this kind of material the only way to get comfortable with this material is to again as I said keep going back and keep working on it so in that sense I would like to wish you all the best and hopefully you will be able to incorporate as much material as you can from these past 10 days in your course so thank you and thanks for an excellent interaction so after 10 days of interaction the final interaction first vote of thanks from my side and then some instructions the instructions will never end first thing I should thank professor Patak in for personally putting his confidence in me in being able to teach thermodynamics again within two years over 10 days and again the ease with which my colleagues Vandarkar and Puranik agreed to be a part of this I know that when I took the poll they were wishing that hardly anyone would pick these up but there was a reasonable response the only topic which got deleted or was not included was kinetic theory then I think I myself agreed to do this again for one major reason in that region reason is the environment which is made available to us for conducting these courses we are teachers we are technical people I think only of thermodynamics when it is thermodynamics and all the other had been related activities are taken care of by the excellent team created by after having said so I would say that there are my own colleagues apart from Vandarkar and Puranik who have directly or indirectly have helped me out and finally I should go back in time and I should acknowledge the contribution of a large number of my teachers both of thermodynamics and others who have helped me reach this stage in the understanding of thermodynamics where I can make a reasonably neat effort in trying to explain thermodynamics to other college I would prefer not to list names because the names are too many but there are a few who have directly contributed to my understanding and the learning process as well as the teaching process of thermodynamics the direct teachers of thermodynamics and applied thermodynamics where professors Sundar Rajan and Viladkar from the department of physics and professors Achyuthan Sukhatmi Jagdish and Jagan Mohan from the department of mechanical engineering and also professor Dinkardhi Beshpande of physical chemistry of IIT all of them have retired some of there are no more with us but I think their contribution I should acknowledge every time I teach thermodynamics to any group of people there are other teachers for example professor Vartak of mathematics from him I learned how to use the bold in a very very disciplined way and professor Parulekar of mechanical engineering who taught me refrigeration how to sketch simple figures as you talk to students on the board simple figures just go on modifying them one small bit at a time this is what I learned from professor Parulekar after having said so let me say I should thank all of you for participating but this participation has been made possible by my TA team the five students which you see here they are all students of mechanical engineering one of them is the blue shirted person Ratan right he is in second year just finished learning his thermodynamics from my colleagues the other three here that is the Akshit Markan, Debajyoti, Nandi and Bansal Shah they are my students last year of thermodynamics and I am happy that even after the course is over they do not hate thermodynamics anymore and were more than willing to help out with the TA's task creating solution structures and doing some additional stuff for me has been their task I also have a postgraduate student Ajinkya Zoshi whose interest was in Akash and continues to be in Akash and one small regret I have is that the parallel project of distribution of Akash and its implementation in various engineering colleges could not proceed as quickly as our thermo course and hence I could not integrate it nicely in this course otherwise I was ready with quick quizzes on the clicker application of Akash and we are playing around with a Sylab based team tables on Akash so now it is only a time before that will happen and once that happens I think first us teachers will have a perhaps a more young generation friendly environment for teaching and our students perhaps will take better interest in thermodynamics because perhaps they will think that doing steam tables and thermo solutions on Akash tablet is the in thing to do rather than working with some archaic printed steam tables. So now let me come to some instructions before I pass on to Professor Patak and maybe some interactions with some centers who may want to say something nice or otherwise for this course. The assignment has been uploaded, the tasks has been informed, all that I have to do is put in some details about what is the final form of the assignment which is expected. Our friend Abhilash tells me that the assignment registration module is already up on Moodle. So please form teams of typically four people but we will accept a few teams of three and a few teams of five. One of them should be elected or selected as the team leader and the registration is the job of the team leader then it will be the duty of the team leader to drive the team and submit the final assignment before the deadline. Some questions have already been asked about the assignment. One question is can we have teams of our colleagues who stay near us but may not belong to the same center. I think I do not want to do that because let us take this opportunity to widen your friends and colleagues circle. So even if you are not so friendly with people with your centers I think for this purpose of assignment you should not mind working with them. I have also been told that some people say that we do not have the facility to create the spoken tutorial. I will not accept that because all you need is a PC or a laptop with a simple microphone attached. I have found out from the local people that a simple microphone does not cost you more than 100 or 200 rupees and it will last long enough till the deadline of this assignment and you will notice that these days even the simplest of laptop will have a built-in microphone so you do not really have to buy one. The final thing I want to say is about interaction. This is the second time I am teaching this thermodynamics course to teachers. Last time there were 31 centers and I am sure we visited each one of these 31 centers twice or thrice during that 10 day workshop and I almost got used to various people at various places. This time there were 167 centers and I am sure that there are quite a few centers which we just did not visit or could not visit and that has left some sort of a lacuna in the implementation of this. I think when you have a large number of centers and large number of participants the interaction tends to become more of a one-way interaction rather than a two-way interaction. Of course we have the Moodle discussion forum and I hope anybody who wants to continue the interaction should make use of that. Please follow the protocol which I have laid down that do your homework before asking a question. Large number of questions have been asked, statements have been made which have already been made on Moodle by someone else. So just do not repeat those and clutter up the Moodle discussion forum and because what we receive on Moodle is just a series of characters, the sentences which you write.  If you do that I am sure either me or my colleague as appropriate will look it up and provide a rejoinder. The Moodle site of the last time's thermodynamics course is on. This Moodle site for this course will also be on tentatively indefinitely. If it is going to be closed down or it is going to be moved to some other place you will definitely get a notice of that. There has been some criticism of enforcing spoken tutorials but I want to do that because I think a good set of spoken tutorials will be very good for all of us and also for our students and hence if we come up with a reasonably good set of spoken tutorials on various aspects of basic thermodynamics and condition procedures for the typical problems that we have it will make our life easier and our students life easier. One participant in the afternoon session today asked me whether I have written a book on thermodynamics or whether I will write a book on thermodynamics. I have not written a book on thermodynamics and I do not think I have any immediate plans of writing one. However through this spoken tutorial we will have some sort of an audiovisual book being formed on this site and if that really becomes a good set I am sure Professor Patak will make available to us a site on which it will be available to anyone because just now all that is on Moodle is in the open domain but currently is accessible only by us that is the teachers, the associated administrators, the coordinators and the participants and something good if anything good which comes out of this there is no reason why it should be restricted to this and should not be made available to the full student community at least that community which is interested in thermodynamics. So I think that is enough from me now do fill up the assignment registration form as well as the course feedback form and now control is back to Professor Patak. Well since we have agreed that we will keep this function very short what I will do is as a just sort of courtesy sample I would like to go over to just a couple of remote centers I have NIT Richie yes I can see the video of NIT Richie people what I will do now is I will go over to a few remote centers quickly and request for a short comment from any participant of the coordinator at that point so over to you NIT Richie. Good evening sir yeah it's fine it is very useful to us. Hello please at least let us know your name and which college you come from. Sir I am Vaithyanadan from Shivani Institute of Technology NIT Richie. Thank you very much let me go over to VNIT Nagpur now yes I can see some friends from VNIT Nagpur may I request someone for a very short comment please. Professor P.S. Gilgarni remote center coordinator and 29 registered participant for this over to workshop coordinator Dr. Kayankar. Good afternoon sir we are having 29 participants for this workshop and 5 participants were from outside station nearby and for last 10 days they have enjoyed this engineering thermodynamics workshop particularly the lectures taken by professor Gaitonde sir and all the participants are very happy and definitely they will get benefited through this workshop and they will teach the concepts given by professor Gaitonde as per as the thermodynamics of this concept thank you Thank you very much I would like to take this opportunity to also make an announcement which is meaningful only for some of the institutions you remember I said in my opening remarks for this function that we will be setting up nodal centers amongst the within the country from amongst our remote centers I will be holding a meeting of such prospective nodal center coordinators and their directors on 10th of January 11th of January in IIT Bombay will be sending the invite letters we are of course finalizing the list but I can very quickly tell you from amongst the remote centers which are participating in this workshop NIT Trichy, NIT Varangal, NIT Nagpur, NIT Surathkal, NIT Surath, MA NIT Bhopal and College of Engineering Pune I think these are the centers which you have identified I don't remember the 8th one but will will be soon writing yeah so the request to those remote center coordinators is that one they should be willing to become now nodal center coordinators with larger responsibilities and second they themselves should keep themselves free to visit IIT Bombay on 11th of January and also advise their directors to come here along with them let's continue with our interaction and let's go to there is a college in Haryana and this is Ohm Institute of Technology and management Hissar Haryana I can see people from Hissar may I request someone to make a brief comment please over to you Thank you very much there is an institution Avinashalingam University for Women let me see yes there are some participants there may I request someone to make a brief comment please over to you good evening sir good evening sir good evening please go ahead I'm feeling very nice to see you again sir and I thank you so much for giving us this opportunity sir and we carried it very very well with all your support sir and we had 18 participants from our center and we have been doing it very well with all your tests and interactions went on very well and we sincerely thank you for all the support given to you sir well thank you very much the real test madam is not just attending this workshop and benefiting for which I compliment you for pestering us no end till we agreed to permit you to become a remote center but the real test is when our participating colleague teachers go back and complete the assignment that they have given in the same spirit and with the same enthusiasm with which they have participated here I am sure they will do that I see that someone else wishes to make a comment over to you and the RC coordinator Lakshmi Priya and just as we did for the research methodology workshop we will keep in constant touch with our participants and make sure that they will upload their assignments on time thank you so much we just go to maybe two or three other institution is one St. Peter's engineering college at Hyderabad on the place let's go over to Hyderabad yes I can see participants there over to you for some brief comment please good evening sir my name is Shyamal Rao I am a remote center coordinator so this is the first workshop we are conducting here so it will be successfully we have completed so but one thing we have required myself remote center coordinator is that content of our subject you can give and send remote center coordinates mail also because it was not related to only you are sending into the workshop coordinator so how can we can give a response to other participants and others for remote center coordinates just it will be a request from my side I am sorry can you repeat the request because the contents are made available on Moodle in which even the remote center coordinators are members I suppose they are not not given into the remote center coordinates Moodle that's why because I see I see what thank you very much for pointing this out what we will do is for all future workshops we will also make remote center coordinators as non-editing teachers so that they will also have access and not only to the course material but everything that is happening in the workshop thank you for this suggestion we definitely take care of this Mahendra may I request you to note it down and pass it to our teams here I think it's a very useful point that has been made let's go over to MNIT Bhopal they seem to be there I can see the Bhopal participants may I request someone to offer a brief comment please over to you hello hello sir yes we can hear you ma'am please go ahead sir good afternoon very much very thank you very much thank you on behalf of all the participants for this nice workshop sir here one of the participants he is very much interested to thank you by his own hello good afternoon sir we all thank you to we all thank you to professor Gaitonde who taught very well as Indian thermodynamics and professor B.C. Pranek too and professor Bandarkar too and we also request to organize such type of workshop from machine design portion two machine design portion two thank you very much but let me ask you one question before you go away no no please leave the mic with him one of the questions that I want to ask you is that we are concerned about the number of teachers who will be teaching these different courses we were concerned about thermodynamics itself if we embark on machine design teaching I would like you to answer two questions one do you think there will be a large number of faculty members teaching machine design in various engineering colleges in your region and second what kind of experimental facilities would be required in order to teach that course and whether the remote centers will have those facilities over to you okay sir thank you sir oh he is not taking me hello I think somebody else is answering that question yes sir yes sir yes sir he is workshop co-ordinated Dr. Avin Kumar he wants to yeah sure good evening sir I am thankful to you and your team for organizing such a good workshop and I am particularly thankful to professor you guys understood who has very cool and calm throughout the say about a 10 to 12 hours he has been spending and we get exhausted but he didn't get exhausted I can say like that regarding the question you have asked regarding the machine design subject in our college or in our particular region of the university we are having we are having a machine design courses in second year as well as in third year so basically we do some drawing work is involved some design work is also involved in that for and no particular separate infrastructure is required I think that's a the way you have organized the thermodynamics work you can also organize machine design workshop over to you sir thank you so much very useful information I will now request the professor Gaitonday to try and enthuse some people to maybe teach that course or consider teaching that course because we already have some very enthusiastic suggestions from other colleagues in mechanical engineering department other departments to repeat some of the courses which they are given earlier and which were very well received such as computational fluid dynamics for example and some other courses I can I can see some enthusiastic prospective faculty members sitting here which is good news but you might want to consider this let me go to Bihai Institute of Technology in Durga may I request someone to make a brief comment please over to you Bihai or sorry over to you Durga this workshop was very nice in this we had learned a lot the new methods and for me it was the first experience to have to the internet what we had studied online that was excellent only the problem what we are facing that the most rather I say four days we had a delayed between the lecture and the writing thread so that has made that particular subjects of no use to us otherwise it was very excellent and we got a good experience of this thank you let me ask you one more question because now I am able to see you very clearly I am also able to get your audio very clearly and I suppose there is no further delay so was there an improvement somewhere in between the course can you please comment on that over to you actually what is happening generally in the first quarter I will say from up to 1130 or 11 o'clock we were most of the time it was just okay we are getting online everything and it was clear to us but after that in the second session before the lunch that is the problem most of the time we were facing that it was so delayed that it is of no use that what we are listening and what we are seeing on that board thank you very much for pointing this out but may I point out that unfortunately the problem is with the internet connection both the stability of the internet connection and the bandwidth that your service provider is providing to you in actual practice because everything else is bandwidth related at our end I assure you we are more than 200 megabit per second kind of bandwidth dedicated to this workshop so you may want to get back to the technical team of the remote center and who should then question seriously the internet supplier at your end what may be happening is that as the internet load increases during the daytime the supplier may be actually supplying you lesser bandwidth than what your contract says this often happens and you should definitely cross check with your internet bandwidth provider because anywhere where the internet bandwidth is perfectly working there has been no such problem but thanks for pointing this out I think you with your center and we will take it up later independently thank you so much we will go to an institute in Udaipur now this would be perhaps the last institute which will visit this is NJR Institute of Technology in Udaipur yes I can see their video may I request someone to make a brief comment please over to you yeah good evening professor it was very wonderful experience for all the participants here at Udaipur there are few comments that I want to make first is one thing that all the participants and we discussed and that is many a time when professors could not answer the question online they would easily say that I don't know about this question and I can answer or I'll answer this later so that idea actually is very new for many of the faculty members here and I am sure that they'll take it positively because many a time teacher don't know the answer but they'll tell something which is not correct so I hope that this will be taken very positively by many of the teachers thank you thank you one more comment yes sir good evening sir I want to bring your attention to the previous work workshop in fact about research methodology actually we participated in workshop as M Tech student though we were faculties at the institution and we did not get certificate so could anything be done regarding that thank you very much for raising this issue so let me assure you that if you are a faculty member all that we need is a letter from your institute which you can even send by email to our e-outreach program saying that you were a faculty member at that point in time and if you are a faculty member by all means you deserve to get a certificate and I'll personally ensure that you get a certificate but we cannot do that without getting a letter from your institute you see use yourself register as a M Tech student now we did not know whether you are also a faculty member or not and our system has record showing you as student if you were also a teacher you must say that this is quite likely to happen there was a time in IIT when we were teachers and we are also pursuing our PhD so in that sense we are students is nothing wrong in it so that's perfectly fine we send us a letter as it has the first observation I think it was very well observed by our colleague that people from IIT find it very easy to admit that there is some question which they don't know the answer of and yes I also since in the I also come from a small college that teachers are not willing to say I don't know so let me tell you after 40 years of teaching I have found that the easiest thing to do for a teacher should be that look this is one question I don't know the answer I will look back again and get back to you and quite often in IIT Bombay I have seen this practice the student who raises the question and the teacher who can't answer it often work together to find an answer and then announce that answer to the whole class see that is how knowledge grows there is nobody in this world who knows everything perfectly and there is no student who knows nothing and that is what is the collaboration IIT system not only permits and encourages that collaboration but all of us teachers live with that spirit we have never absolutely any problem in saying oh the good question I have no clue on what this answer is the only important requirement is that if for every question asked by my students if I keep saying I don't know then there is some serious problem with me but if it happens occasionally it is very good in fact that means that my students are alert and they are asking some serious question so I take this opportunity to compliment you for pointing this out and I would request as you have requested your colleagues at your center not only at your center but all of us teachers all 6,000 teachers who are here please adopt this attitude I will tell you from personal experience not only my personal experience but the personal experience of my colleagues here that this is an extremely useful attitude and this enhances both the collaboration and actually students respect the teachers much more when the teachers are freely admitting something which they do not so thank you very much for pointing this out I think with this we have exactly one more minute before 5 o'clock so because what we have decided is we would like to conclude our common validity session at 5 o'clock so that between 5 to 5 30 locally the participants and the coordinators could have a photo session incidentally I would like to request that if the participants and the coordinator get a photograph of all the participants together and upload it on the moodle I will ask them will ask to put up a link and we will also have a good photographic memory for all the participants coming here so let me just go to one remote center here I have one college in Varnanagar and that is Rathya Sahib Kora Institute of Engineering and Technology at Varnanagar I can see the participants in Varnanagar may I request someone to offer some brief comments please over to you with the subjects the the depth of coverage of the subject and we are very much thankful for all this and also I am just I was the one more participant from Bhopal he suggested that to conduct some of the workshops on machine design but for here in Shivaji University we have machine design 1 2 3 actually the mechanical system design as a machine design 3 so there are a lot of teachers teaching the subject and we hope some of the workshops will be conducted on machine design sir my our vice principal Dr. S. S. Joshi would like to mention some points one minute sir most welcome good afternoon Professor Joshi my sir Dr. S. S. Joshi vice principal of Kata Sahib Kora Institute of Engineering Technology I am very much thankful to you and your team HRD for providing this facility I would like to say that compared to last two workshops which you have conducted the audio and video facility which you have provided there is certainly there is an improvement and I hope that in committing future in other workshops or seminars like this which you are going certainly there will be a lot more improvement the lectures conducted by Gayathandesar and all other colleagues we didn't feel it is a distance mode we feel that they are in front of us and we enjoyed it thank you very much sir thank you thank you very much I am I am so happy that the audio and video links have improved I have only one pleasant duty to perform before I announced this session closed I would request my colleague Professor Kannan Malkalya who is actually the principal investigator of the second phase of this project and who is also the creator of open or spoken tutorials so like me is also a passionate person concerned with improving the quality of education in the country and since he is present here I would like to request him to say a few concluding words and then we will close this thank you for Sir Patak good afternoon everyone I am really delighted that this workshop has gone on extremely well and the useful suggestions and also the interest in doing more courses and one of the things that we want to do what Professor Patak said to establish nodal centers and through the nodal centers we could have many courses may not be possible from IIT if only one institution is doing there is a limit to which this can be done but the idea of this nodal center is to elevate other centers or provide the required technology the faculty members are there there are good faculty members who know the subject but the point is can we also provide them with the know-how of this technology so that they can share what they have if you do that then then we can do this in a big way of course the director of this mission Mr. N. K. Sinau is a big dreamer he thinks that all the 500 remote centers that we will establish eventually will also become nodal centers and hubs and which will disseminate this kind of through this technology disseminate all kinds of things to neighboring schools other colleges for example science arts commerce colleges and so on so anyway I'm really delighted to see this I'm glad to know that some people pointed out that the audio video quality improved one of the problems we have from our end is to convince the funding agencies that the course is effective I have made presentations on behalf of this project to get funding one of the things that people always asked was what is the guarantee that the course is effective what is the guarantee that the people are learning so it is important from that point of view this becomes a serious problem because there are a lot of people when we have a smaller number of people then we can be reasonably sure that most people who attend the workshop would be interested when we scale this up to a larger number let's say 5000 or even 10000 what is the guarantee that all the people who participate in this are interested unless we can demonstrate that we will get into problem because there are questions from audit questions from third party evaluation from the ministry from the auditors who release our funds so we have actually promised the government MHD that we will institute procedures to ensure that whoever undergoes this workshop is actually interested of course this will happen through the you know if you do this properly then what will happen is we will get enough number of people who are motivated participating in the course we will know that from the marks they score in the tests we will know whether they submit the assignments on time and things like that these are important measures that we need to institute immediately whatever may be the course whether it is fluid mechanics course or some other course of course I see that there is a lot of enthusiasm to do many mechanical engineering courses there are also other subjects as this project organizers we would like to make this available for also for other departments other engineering department now there are couple of other things that I want to talk about one is for computational fluid dynamics most of you would be using the software called fluent we have been promoting an equivalent open source software called open form and as a matter of fact there is a new faculty member in the mechanical engineering department by name Shiva the professor Shiva has been using open form for many years seven eight years and he is the local expert we have also created spoken tutorials on open form and those are available on our webpage spoken dash tutorial dot org all of those are available in case anybody wants to organize these workshops please send a note in Moodle please note that these workshops are conducted with our through our events team we will not come in person immediately people start responding we want to organize a two-day workshop now we are not doing any of those these workshops can be done in two hours and whoever is interested can learn on their own so the as the methodology evolves as our technology improves we will also be introducing methods that will allow interested people to learn on their own that we will facilitate learning but then the learning have has to happen by you directly okay and of course Sylab is another thing that we have been promoting quite a bit for open form you need to know C and C++ we also have spoken tutorials on C and C++ which you may want your students to know anyway so that they can clear the IT entrance exams of companies like Infosys TCS and so on so this students also can get good jobs IT jobs so it has been a great experience working on this project and so in case there are any mistakes we are just like you we are also learning and we are improving our mistakes and our mistakes actually help us improve so do send us feedback and I want to congratulate all of you for having gone through this workshop successfully in fact I was really delighted to see that even after 10 days at 5 o'clock on a Friday evening there are quite a few people in far corners of the country so I wish you all the best Jai Hind once again thank you very much and thank you all


50-day Property Challenge brought to you by Private Property and the EDPF Property Academy. I am Nigel Adrianse and I will be your host over the next 50 days as we assist Jared and Matt Al as they enter their property journey. Join us as we teach you how to start your own property portfolio within a 50-day period alongside our celebrity guests. To kick it off we interviewed Jared and Matt Al on why they wanted to start investing in property, what they expected from the 50-day challenge and now how we at Private Property and EDPF Academy can help them to reach their goals. Let's hear what Jared had to say when we interviewed him at the Radisson Blue Hotel in Ribbick Street, Cape Town. Hey guys, I am singer, songwriter and South African music award nominee Jared Ricketts and if you haven't heard about it before you're going to hear about it right now. Buddy, I am Nigel Adrianse, the founder and CEO of the EDPF Property Academy. Today is the start of our 50-day challenge where we have asked celebrities to go with us on a journey of property investment. Alright, so let's introduce our very first celebrity Jared Ricketts. Jared, please tell us about yourself, where you come from and what you currently doing. Wow, so I am a singer, a songwriter, former and I'm from the Cape Flats at Lone specifically and I'm involved in various different projects. I'm a fashion designer as well and I have my own company called JBL Productions where we facilitate virtual corporate experiences across the country and I'm just so excited to be here. So thank you to you and to EDPF Academy Private Property for being willing to share this kind of knowledge and you know I'm all about learning. It's going to be new guys for me but I'm grateful that you take me the time to educate us all on this. Fantastic, so guys let's get started on our 50-day challenge and the first question that I have for Jared is to ask him why property and why property investment specific. For me it's a conversation I've never really been privy to. I don't come from a background where those conversations I had at the dinner table. Upon my own research it is quite the industry and quite the opportunity to get involved in and for me it's about creating wealth for myself and my family and of course learning. So it's very important to me on that front. I've started developing a passion for properties so I've been on Private Properties app en website. So many times you're mocking what I would like to you can dream right? Absolutely and I'm excited because I can finally potentially see this dream come to life. That is amazing and it's fantastic also to know that Jared comes from the Cape Flats and Aethlon specifically because actually that's where I come from. Come on guys come on. So we both come from the Aethlon area and basically I think we probably have the same experience where property has never been a discussion to be had at the dinner table because our parents actually don't know about property and property investment. And their parents don't know about property and property investment. Absolutely. So I think this is so important. Yes for me but for all of you are going to be on this journey to become accustomed to knowing that this is an opportunity and it's possible for you. We look at something like property portfolios and we think it's unattainable. How am I going to make this happen and it's because this kind of information was withheld before and thanks to guys like you. They say we're going to uncle in the furniture business so we're going to uncle in the property business as well. So I can't wait. Okay that's awesome. I wouldn't like to be called the uncle of the property business but all right let's go. The brother of the property business. I think that's a bit better. So as a kick off this journey the first thing that I need to understand from you Jared before we can help you in the academy is what type of property would you like to invest in. And I thought about this wrong and I hard and a property that makes me money is what I want actually. You know I want something that I can don't have to live in but something that can generate some kind of capital for me and they can pay itself off quickly and they will open the door and unlock further opportunities to acquire more. So I'm not necessarily looking for that city slicker you know ceiling to ground water wall glass. I'm looking for something that anybody would want to rent and that can provide some capital for me. Okay so let me throw a couple of scenarios out at you and then you can decide which of those sectors you'd like to invest in because the property sector as a whole has different components to it. Okay so the ones that we normally teach at the academy are things like a single residential where you rent it out to a family. Okay you've got what they call multi-lets where you rent out a house or an apartment to many different people and they each have a room or maybe they share a room, their student accommodation and in this commercial property where you can rent office space or retail or industrial. So those are the things that or the areas that we normally would teach because those are the easier ones to get into. So which of those would you prefer to be involved in? Gosh I would like the first option where your family can rate but I'm also interested in somehow investing in property where I can support smaller businesses who need the space to operate from. That would be a cool idea. I'm doing so much research and it's so confusing but it's between those two. Okay I'm passionate about South African businesses, I'm passionate about creating property for myself that can develop funds at a later stage that families can rent. I haven't really looked into the student accommodation that sounds exciting as well. Awesome okay so normally what we would do is we would take you on a journey where you start small and that would then be a single residential home which is exactly what you've pinpointed already and then both from there to multi-lets and then to student accommodation and eventually get into commercial because commercial is the most complicated and especially in the current climate that we in where offices are no longer really sought after. So we definitely will take you on that journey where we start with just the single residential. Awesome stuff, I'm ready. Okay so the next thing that we need to look at is what type of value you are looking or what type of investment value you're looking for. So in the first year or two maybe up to five years and then again the value may be far too ten years. What kind of investment are you looking to achieve? Okay so listen of course I'd love to have an exchange of property portfolio but you've mentioned you've got to start small and for me realistically I can't take something that's beyond my means right now to manage because I'm a learning firstly and once I've acquired more knowledge I can then look at how I can branch out but definitely an accommodation for family and maybe within the ballpark we've got 500 to 800 000 rent something that's manageable to keep the interest rate low and a good starting point I think it's a good footing and with your guidance and the pool that you're going to give me are people that I can tap into we can see how far we can push. Fantastic so even without any education so far Jared was already chosen and a sector within the property space that is lucrative brings good returns as well as is able he is then able to rent it out quite easily because that is the sort of the area in terms of a financial investment between 500 000 and about 950 000 that is a very lucrative area to be in or financial space to be in okay fantastic then let's talk about medium to long term so that is where you'd like to stop but where would you like to end up in say 10 years time what size of portfolio would you like to have wow I would love to have my own block of apartments fantastic okay even develop them myself if I get to that stage when I get to that stage because we're going to get big where I can tap into architects I can really create something I'm passionate about green everything green so I'd love to see in Cape Town because you get the full spaces that lead itself to that lifestyle and sort of I would love to change the face of how we see young people and the attitudes towards purchasing property and maybe making spaces that are a lot more affordable for the younger market to tap into and grow from there I mean the possibilities invest like this block of apartments from there as I said getting into the property spaces for corporates and businesses and seeing if maybe I have to merge the two somehow all about creating new concepts so as we move along I'd like to see how I can find my own but stay in the spaces that keep it lucrative so the next thing that we need to talk about Jared is we've now spoken about the people resources but now we need to talk about the resources that you yourself will bring so on the one hand we talk about what they call sweet equity that sweet equity is what you physically bring both in terms of the time as well as your your knowledge and understanding and what you are able to put together in terms of finding the right deals etc we know that you are down for that and we know that you are fully committed to this 30 day challenge on this journey what we in addition need to understand is what type of financial resources are you able to bring to the party sure so I've been saving money for a long time look acquiring property was always a part of my plan I just always wanted to be prepared when I get the opportunity to sit at the table like this and learn from great people of you to unlock all of this and so I've been working tirelessly to do what I do as a musician and earn some money to put away so that I'm able to put down a deposit of some sort you know and enough money so that once I put down the deposit and I acquire the property that property is then able to unlock something else you know excellent so that is absolute fantastic because if you have your own finances as well on top of possibly using other people's money you can then build a portfolio that will be able to utilize the equity that is in that property and by equity in a property we mean what you yourself have put in financial so you could then purchase your first property using your own money and a bit of a bond maybe or some other people's money investors friends family whatever people's money yeah so other people's money is a phenomenal concept not just in the property industry but any business if you have other people's money that you can utilize in your business you can then grow your business much quicker and it more especially in the property sector because if you buy your first property you put in some money you bring in some other people's money you can then use that equity that you've built up in that first property to purchase the next one and the next one and eventually have your block of flats that you desire and that's valuable because I don't think people know that there's this thing other people's money and that puts everyone off because you look at a property you go how am I going to acquire this I don't have enough funds probably don't have a developed credit report to acquire the loans that are needed en so it's really cool to know that with EDP there is an opportunity to engage with people who can contribute to unlocking that very fantastic absolutely and that is exactly what the academy is all about not only to give you support but also to help unlock those financial opportunities with other people's money okay so the second to last question that I have is what is your ultimate aim within the 50 day challenge that we have sought today of course to acquire knowledge because knowledge is power when you know better you can do it that's a motto that I live by and so not only for myself but I think it's important that when I acquire this knowledge that I'm able to share this knowledge with people and help them along to define their journey of course sending them your way but me having a bit more insight to share with them that's very important I don't like talking about something I don't know about and obviously to acquire property that's why I'm here and whichever one comes first I'm happy to dabble into it and I'm looking forward to getting the guidance from the academy and to see where this takes me I think this is a great start from now to the interview next year where we could be sitting together comparing property proposals and wow Jared this has been quite a cool journey look at you now started from the bottom now I'm on the top floor of my own building because we can do that so I'm looking forward to this it's going to be a lot of fun and property property property is what I want to get after this and maybe that to the starting point for greater things awesome and just as a side note as a mentor and somebody who helps to help people to build property portfolio my ultimate goal is to ensure that every single one of the people that has gone through this journey with me actually has a bigger portfolio than I do come on okay so the very last question in Janet do you have what it takes for this 30 day challenge how much time do you have this because I'll be here for another hour telling you that I am ready to take this on and I encourage you to do the same thing you know fear should not stop you and fear is a result of not being prepared and not understanding but when you have both knowledge and you have a plan you can take yourself to the next level and that's that is what this is all about cannot cannot wait to see what it looks like if you want to do fantastic so guys come and join us on this phenomenal journey this first day challenge and when you learn from our celebrities we'd like you to implement that in your own life so that you also can become a property investor we believe that every person that has the knowledge and understanding of how to start a property portfolio will be able to do so so come along on this journey with us start your own property portfolio but with the learnings that we are going to have over the next 50 days and build your own property portfolio we'd like to thank you for this time that you spent with us today that's the first day of our 50 day challenge we are very excited and thank you Janet for being part of this journey with us listen I'm excited it's going to be great let's get into it 50 Day Celebrity Challenge and so I want to thank you for being a part of the conversation and I want to encourage you to continue to stay tuned as we learn how to develop our property portfolio with EDPF Academy and private property can we just have a round of applause for the six this gorgeous video that is the reddison blue right here in heta thank you for that insightful discussion jared next up we have matt owl where we interviewed her at the stampontain heritage launch in the cradle of humankind let's hear what she has to say about her property journey so madame let's get started tell us why it is that you want to invest in property thank you so much nidale for such a kind introduction so one thing i certainly believe is that school teaches us a lot on how to save but we're not necessarily taught an equip with the skills on how to grow capital and how to necessarily build what is it called generational one right that's the word i was looking for and for a person like me who's a radio presenter who's a dj do a lot of things mc tv there's a lot of cash flow that comes in but that money can go as fast as it comes in and hence it's quite important to invest it in something that you know is long term the property space i definitely believe is is a space where if done correctly because you could invest wrongly but if done correctly you could potentially have your money locked in a space where you know it will grow over a long term fantastic so tell us have you already bought a property are you already invested in a property so fortunately yes i am i do have two properties that i had acquired whilst i was in the corporate space not sure yet if it was the best move because i was doing it with quite limited knowledge however when we went through a space of lockdown i was quite grateful that i did that because when there were no gigs no events that rental income that i was receiving is what actually kept me af boat so i'm quite passionate about creatives and artists actually exploring other avenues of where to keep them invested that is amazing and i mean as we as we know or some of us know anyway within the creative space people think yes you're famous so you obviously have a lot of money tell us what that experience has been like for you and and you know when people look at you and go you must have a lot of money to be honest it's not all goals that glitters i think it takes long term planning as well in order for you as a creative to actually make a lot of money but in the beginning it's really not that much it's it's one gig here and there sometime that gig you're just breaking even it's just enough money to get you to the gig and back just enough money to pay your team so not so much in the beginning but of course if you're passionate and you consistent with whatever you're doing eventually your brand will fill the presence and you'll attract other brands into your space and then over a long term period you will start to make good money okay so i'm going to ask you a question that we did not tell you or beforehand what we're going to ask you and and really that's because you've now told me you've already purchased two properties so because you've already purchased two properties and the edpf academy is more about helping people who know nothing about property to get into the space why have you chosen the edpf academy then to be part of this program the reason i say that is because i still believe that there isn't a lot of academies that focus specifically on developing people's property knowledge when i was doing that i was doing it blinding it was something i was trying out and hence i specifically said investing in property is a good idea if done correctly there's a lot of people who find themselves buying property and then they're stuck and it becomes a loss and more reliability whereas property is an asset if done correctly so one thing i know for sure especially with the edpf is the fact that you impart knowledge on people you partner people with stakeholders who also impart knowledge on them like accountants like you know lawyers all those things that you obviously need to acquire property because even in the property journey you're not alone when you get to the bank how do you ask for credit what do i need to have the credit those things will not talk and i know that the academy will definitely publish those fantastic i'm so glad dat you brought that up because within the academy we give you all the tools that you require whether it be like you say lawyers and accountants architects quantity surveyors town planners engineers as well as support in terms of how to raise capital so one of the big things that normally is a problem in terms of trying to build a property portfolio for most people in south afrika even in the world is how do i raise capital and where do i find the money so let me ask you this question dan when you bought your first two properties how did you go about raising the capital to purchase those two properties knowing that in south afrika most people can't even buy one property so first of all it starts with obviously having a good credit score yeah and with that good credit score i was then able to approach a number of banks that was the route i had i did not have cash on hand to be able to do this so i had to acquire some form of credit in order to be able to buy the property but this is what makes it more interesting for artists and creatives sometimes you don't have that payslip that you can bring to the bank so how then do you raise the capital so i think it's going to be quite interesting now that i've transitioned out of a corporate space with a lot of stability and a lot of knowing for sure for the next six months i have a salary where it's in the creative space three months you're great two months you're not another five months you're great so it's just also how do you still then secure that capital with such a volatile industry which is fantastic i mean that is one of the things that we in the property industry love talking about using other people's money and that is one of the things that we're going to be teaching you over this just 50 day journey so just to reiterate the 50 day journey we're going to help Matt out to build a property portfolio more than the two she just she already has acquired en using all the tools at the disposal as well as all the tools that we as edbf will help up so your first step into this new environment what is the value of property that you are looking to invest in to start with i think uh looking at the property market especially in terms of coming out of a lockdown and all these things i'm not looking to go any way near a million to be quite honest my ballpark is between 450 and 650 but i'm more centered towards the 450 the only reason i'm saying 450 to 650 is that if the value of the property is 450 then i'm just adding on those extra costs that i still need for the transfers and and and if any renovation potentially is needed just facturing that as well but the property price i'm really looking for is fantastic listen we we we embarking on this journey but you've already learned quite a bit because of your experience so that'll help you a great deal to reach your goal much quicker than anybody else who starts from scratch so the next question that i want to ask you property is not a short term journey property is a long term investment and a lot of people think properties get rich quick scheme no it's not it is purely a long term investment so let's say over the next 10 or 20 years what is the size of the portfolio you look into investing okay so if i'm going to be part of a 50 day challenge and and well capable of acquiring a property in 50 days then that would then mean i could potentially at least hire one property per jaar all right two per year in fact one maybe every six months i'd prefer that maybe even 10 maybe even 10 you know facturing the fact that we have 365 days so if i'm going to learn how to do this in 50 days then i'm definitely going to use that 50 days aggressively moving forward that's it so if i was to give it a figure you know half a minute let's say a million like 10 years definitely let's say 10 million fantastic i love that i absolutely love that so guys we would like you to follow us on this journey we would like you to use the methodologies that we are going to showcase over these next 50 days and we'd like you as the public to also start investing in property and using these methodologies to become property investors yourselves as we've spoken we can start small which we'd prefer for you to do and then grow your portfolio over 10 to 20 years and you could very easily build a portfolio of 10 20 even 30 of 50 million rand using other people's money if you don't have your own so matt al are you ready for this journey i am so ready i am so excited and i can't wait to start excellent so guys let's go on this 50 day journey together let's join matt our let's join the rest of the team and the edpf property academy as we go forth on this 50 day journey thank you very much thank you for joining us on this 50 day property challenge journey join us again on monday as we begin to look at how to invest in property without two celebrities and hopefully we'll be able to help you to start your own investment journey


Dear students, now let me take you towards the current era. It is a matter of past that human beings made a tremendous progress and that left the great impact on the population, especially the increase in the population. As I've already mentioned in the past 100 centuries, we have seen the increase billions of people have been added in this global earth and before this, it was not possible for centuries thanks to the development of the agriculture and the industries, thanks to the development of the scientific society. Now let's talk about the era in which we are living today and that is the now post-industrial society. Human beings now are at the peak of their advancement and we are expecting more and more advancement in the near future whether it is in terms of the artificial intelligence, whether it is in terms of the robots are going to take your place and they are going to probably work in our homes as the house help and that will still and that will also leave impact on the population dynamics. Many industrial societies have now entered a new phase of technology and we can extend lenses analysis to take account of the recent trend. Now you can see the world population at the start of the post-industrial society, it was estimated to be 4.434 billion which has now increased to 7.8 billion in the year 2020. Now this is what post-industrial societies can look like. As you can see the houses over there and how it leads towards the further development and the huge buildings and number of gadgets and number of other facilities, so there is a great shift in the human being progress and development. A generation ago the sociologist Daniel Bell in 1973, he joined the, he coined the term, he used the term post-industrialism to refer to the production of the information using computer technology. So how interesting is that? Look at your great researchers, your analysts, they are very far away from you. In 1973, a sociologist Daniel Bell introduced us that we will look at a time when computer technology will be available, which we will enter in the post-industrial era from industries and that is the dynamics of our lives, the characteristics of our lives, the components can that everybody was yet to believe you have a leke aika. Production in the industrial societies, it centers on the factories and machinery generating material goods. Now the post-industrial production relies on the computers and other electronic devices that create, process, store and apply information. Now look at the difference. When there was a beginning of the industry, we could see them, we could see machineries are working, we could see the, you know, factories are relying on the new machineries and all that and after that, look at how a quick shift that we have seen in the last 20-30 years. And now we are pretty much relying on the computer knowledge. Dear students, if you talk about the, if you take advantage of the COVID situation that I am talking to you, if from today, 50 years ago or 40 years ago, COVID would have come, such a big pandemic would have come, then the world had to die of poverty, unemployment and hunger before COVID, that was the reason, that time we were 40-50 years ago, if we had to face this sort of pandemic, people were not able, the economic effects of COVID have come, because of that, people's jobs, people's poverty, and we were not like that, that we could be full of people, we could be seen as being at a very big suicide rate and the economic crisis, maybe even before the disease, would have caught people and killed them. Now look at our industrial development, our post-industrial development. Our computer has saved a lot of mouse shows, despite of that, that this pandemic has come to the world very quickly and it has disturbed us, there is work from home, with the help of the computer, a lot of people have been able to keep up with the work of the world, people are getting their pay, education system is going on through the computer, so these are the changes, these are the dynamics which science has given us. So just as people in the industrial society, they learn mechanical skills, people in the post-industrial society, they are very much into learning into the information-based skill and carry out their work using computers, just like I was talking to you. Nowadays, there is a lot of talk, IQ, artificial intelligence is your talk, reports are being mentioned, how different inventions and discoveries are being seen every second day. So these are the changes and we have connected more with each other. And along with that, of course, when our analysts, our sociologists, probably on the negative side, if we talk about it, we will also see the impact of it on our society. In the industrial society, I have told you that the family strides, if they are weak, today we see them being more weak. Life was fast, today when life is very fast, we will see these issues. This is why I told you that there are a lot of advanced countries in the population, you can't see them there now. In the coming few years, there will be no population there, there will be a lot of children's misdeeds, such highly industrial societies will have a lot of problems. We all know that countries are run by its people. Even whatever technology we are using, we still need people. Even we are making robots, we need people to make robots. If we are working on the artificial intelligence, we need people to work on artificial intelligence. Every country needs scientists, every country needs people to work on agriculture, every country needs industrialists, people from commerce and other sectors and doctors and everything. So these countries where we have seen so much development, because of the to catch the fast life speed. There are very few children's misdeeds, there are many countries in the world, there are bigger population dynamics, for those countries, they can be dangerous. However, if we go from this to 90 degrees, then why are your underdeveloped developing countries, especially the underdeveloped nations, are behind all these countries in 200-300 years of technology, you will see a lot of increase in the world. However, if the world stops, you won't be able to see it. In a few parts, you will see the problem where the world will not be able to see it, because of this post-industrial development. The information revolution is at the heart of the post-industrial societies and it is most evident in rich countries, yet new information technology affects people in all countries around the world. IT, it is a world of IT, it is a world of advanced technologies, that is also a very significant thing. So the worldwide flow of the products, products are coming from one place to another, and information, the flow of information, so today's world is a globalized world, and as I told you a little while ago, we will see the patterns and dynamics of the population in a little while.


second talk. The title is Hardware Masking Revisited and the speaker is Thomas de Knude from K.U.Lub and Cossack and he will name his co-authors I guess. Thank you. So my co-authors Mike and Amir, they're part of this work of course. I want to thank them for this work. So in this talk we're going to look at some foundational assumptions of hardware masking and for that we turn our attention to one of the seminal papers on this topic. There's a paper by Shari and co-authors and in that paper they take a scientific approach to counter the problem with DPA. So they create a model so they can reason inside the model about security of masking. In a first assumption they make the reasonable assumption that coupling and other type of these effects can be ignored and so they start from a linear model where the total power consumption of the circuits should be decomposable as the individual power consumptions of the shares of the masking scheme. Now they are aware of course that that is not always satisfied. There are effects like temperature, voltage, coupling that can violate that assumption and that is exactly what we investigate in this paper. But why would we stop there at this small list? We can have a look at our measurement setup which is based around Sakura G FPGA and we can list other parameters that we can control as well. Both can control as an attacker as well as a designer. So we have the supply voltage that we can influence. We have the shunt resistor that we can over which we measure that we can influence. We can influence the distance of the shares as designers. We can increase and decrease the temperature. We can increase the circuit size as designers and we can alter the clock frequency. Finally we can also alter the masking scheme itself, use higher order masking scheme or lower order masking scheme. In this talk we are going to investigate the effect of these parameters. For that we first are going to design a small experimental setup with a toy example just to investigate this whole list of parameters that could possibly influence the leakage. Afterwards we are going to look at the main question which we want to answer in this research is can we actually use these parameters to make mask implementations leak? And finally we will end with a summary and some implications of our work. But first our toy example. We decided to create a set of mixed column instances and chain them after one another. And this will form one share of our masking scheme. We can activate and deactivate the last three mixed columns here so we can play around with lower power consumption or higher consumption within our masking scheme. Secondly we route four of such instances which we call iterated mixed columns. We route them completely separated that is both emplacement and routing on the floor plan of our FPGA. Hopefully this translates to reality but we have no reason to believe why it wouldn't. And this way we can not only play around with the order of the masking scheme of this linear iterated mixed columns by for example having only a first order implementation by only considering the first two shares, having a second order implementation considering the first three shares or a third order implementation considering all the shares. We can also play around with the distance. We can look at a first order implementation only considering the first and the second mixed columns closer where shares are placed closer in this masking scheme or we can look at a first order implementation between mixed columns one and mixed columns four having our shares placed further away. With that we look at the parameters. So let's take a fixed chance resistor and we increase the power supply voltage and I think the clearest would be the purple line versus the black diamond line where we only increase the power supply. The rule we have there is the higher the supply voltage the higher the leakage. Taking the supply voltage fixed and lowering the chance resistor over which we measure that would be the black line to the purple line we see that the lower the chance resistor over which we measure the higher the leakage. As for the distance we compared these three first order mask implementations that is between the first column and the second one between the first and the third and the first and the fourth and we surprisingly see that distance does not matter much in the observed leakage. As for the temperature we varied from room temperature of 21 degrees over 50 degrees over 50 degrees up to 70 degrees for the temperature chamber and we nicely see that the higher the temperature the higher the leakage. For the circuit size and the clock frequency let's have a look at a constant clock frequency so we go from three mixed columns to six mixed columns. We see that the higher the larger the circuits or the more mixed columns are active the higher the leakage and now with a fixed number of mixed columns that would be for example the blue triangles and the brown stars we see that the higher the clock frequency the higher the leakage. The rule we can extract from that because both the circuit size and the clock frequency they're related to the peak to peak power consumption. We group them under the umbrella the higher the peak to peak power consumption the higher the leakage. As for the number of shares not surprisingly the lower number of shares the higher the leakage what is surprising though is that we see first order leakage in all these implementations the implementation with only two shares where we expect first order security leaks the fastest in the first order security but later we also see leakage in the second and third order implementations. We have to note that there was no second order leakage in the second order secure implementation and there is no third order leakage in the third order secure implementation. That's it for those parameters we listed at the start but we are working on an FPGA and on FPGAs wires consume quite a lot of power compared to on ASIC so we end these small experiments on the toy example with some with an experiment that will look at coupling between wiring of the FPGA for that we look at the structure of an FPGA that's basically a regular pattern of some lookup tables that can be wired together through switch matrices and while we don't have any specific concrete idea about how these look inside how these switch matrices are composed of we it's reasonable to assume that they consist of a bunch of transistors which can be configured to be either open switches or closed switches depending on the bitstream that is stored in the SRAM. Now let's say we have a first order implementation two shares are routed on the different red wires there x1 and x2 it's possible that open transistors have a leakage current and couple these and for that we need to design an experiment to check whether this is potentially a threat so we design a metric and the metric we use is the number of shared open switches that means for two given input wires we list all the possible output connections to which they can be routed and the higher that is the more of these units we have so that would be one unit and we increase we take a couple of switch matrices in a row and we increasingly routes wires through them and increase that that metric so we have three different experiments one where you have zero of those shared connections one where you have 20 of those shared connections in the middle here and the last one where we have the highest number of shared connections that's 20 and 16 so we actually need a lot of these redundant ones where we cannot really do anything just to get the wires on the right track we take those adjacent switch matrices we put them right in between two of our mixed columns and then we perform our tests and we see that the routing does not really influence the effect much so the observed leakage does not depend that much on the routing and I think with that we have enough parameters to play around to play around effectively to try to make masked implementations leak and for that we take established masking schemes from the literature we have a threshold implementation of present from posh man and co-authors we also have a domain oriented masking of a yes first and second ordered by a gross and co-authors and we have a D plus one threshold implementations as by myself and co-authors and what we get is a three shared first order presence implementation that in the regular conditions with a power supply voltage of one volt and one ohm shunt resistor does not leak but as soon as we increase that power supply voltage we get a nice leakage for this a yes implementations we have that all designs leak so both the first and second order implementations of domain oriented masking as well as the first and second order domain implementations of the d plus one ti and they leak a lot faster and stronger than our present implementation to conclude can we make masked implementation leak that's a clear yes how can we do that we can alter the leakage confidence by we can increase it by hiring the supply voltage by lowering the shunt resistor over which we measure by increasing the temperature in which we measure by increasing the peak to peak power consumption that's either increasing the clock frequency or if as a designer using larger circuits by lowering the number of shares which is not surprisingly if you only have one share basically have an unmasked implementation you leak anyway we also saw that leakage does not depend depends much on the distance you have between the shares nor does it depend on the number of open transistors or the leakage current in those open transistors between the shares for some implications the assumptions can be validated that is not surprising and in masking literature in hardware masking that has been shown by amongst others manga and co-authors with glitches and early signal propagation more surprisingly is that a correctly masked implementation where we take real care and making sure we translate the theory to the practice correctly can leak but it's in a lab environment so what is a real-world implication and that is where we can pose the question the main question of our future work is can this be exploited by an attacker and if so how also more related to practice if we look at asics what do we expect can we translate the results from fpga right away to asic perhaps not but one thing is sure we likely need more traces due to higher noise in the asics before we conclude before i open for questions some solutions temporal non-completeness would be a solution sadly it's very expensive it would mean that we don't process on more than these shares at any given point in time so at any clock cycle to achieve these order security so for a first order implementation that means we process the shares sequentially just as in software basically invalidating all the the strong advantages of hardware we could embed voltage regulators so an attacker could not raise the voltage of the power supply but then again you can always increase the temperature and make the design leak or tweak some other parameters just as in the talk of the fpga hammer yesterday we could isolate some supply voltages so basically share the supply voltage lines but it's not clear how to design non-linear musk implementations in that way finally we could deploy the leakage tests in addition to attacks so we could use a t-test in scenarios where it is strong to identify leakages of implementations fast but to validate finally i think it's a nice if a musking scheme is validated in a realistic environment and for that some authors have been using the moments correlating dpa and we'll see a talk about that tomorrow and with that i'm ready for your questions thank you thanks so much questions okay thanks for the sorry i was wondering if you add more external amplifiers will it like help you find the leakage more quickly um i have to direct that question to um no we do not add any more amplifiers so i guess we use a standard setup for for our measurements so i'm saying if you add more amplifiers will it help you to find the leakage more quickly uh externally oh sorry having the internal amplification i thought um i was i was referring do you hear me okay yeah no i was referring to the case that you have one circuit which is larger which consumes more energy and it has more effect on the amount of power consumption or energy consumption of the other part of the circuit which operates on the other share thank you amir more questions benefit test test test okay hi um thanks for the talk so what i missed maybe when you showed the the plots in which orders you found leakage and so on i i missed um in which orders that you expect to find leakage and why did you not expect like you said i think you said you found always first order leakage but no second or third order leakage um even though you use four shares so well it's always a surprise if you don't make a hypothesis right yeah but i think i missed the point there to do we expect of course we expect no leakage if we if we have a first order implementation we don't expect first or leakage we have a second order implementation we don't expect first and second order okay but so even if you use four shares you find only first order leakage yes and we did not find second or third but that may just be that the measurement setup was not good enough to see that there will be there will always be noise yeah there might be of course uh i think it could be but like you say it's just too noisy that we cannot see it okay thanks i would be surprised if it only is in the first order but not in the second order so the fact that there's noise in the second order must that okay thank you thanks we have time for one more question yeah all the way better no yeah i hear you not anymore uh what of which one of your uh conclusions hold for a six okay so the question if i get it right is which of our parameters uh would influence conclusions which of the conclusions of the conclusions observations and conclusions maybe go back to the slide yeah okay which of these of the solutions it's very hard to talk through this uh observations and conclusions hold for a six because they have totally different structures uh powers especially with respect to the ratio of leakage and uh active dynamic power so i mean some of these observations i would imagine that not necessarily hold for a six yes i agree i think the only way i can answer that question correctly is by performing these uh experiments on an asic although i don't think that it will be that different so for sure we need more traces but the temperature increasing the temperature on asic i would be surprised if that would not lead to higher leakage whether we can observe that or not it's it's then for the measurement setup but um it's it's fair to assume that similar problems will be there but that um more leak more traces are required to see it okay let's thank the speaker


Peter What the horse is here the horse what do you mean by that wait is that Meg? Dude what the heck was that and why was Meg cosplaying as long horse what is up YouTube real estate gaming here and today? We're on chat mommy lace channel, and we're gonna watch some of these videos dude these things are I'm just giving you guys a heads up these things are like nightmarish They will turn you inside out man, and if you're a baby crawl on out of here do not decline John pork's cause I've never seen a video of this John pork, but I I seen who he is It looks quite terrifying Bro, what was on his computer? He was selling smile finder What am I gonna do now Why do you look like that bro another great time for some spankles sorry John pork Okay, so I'm not sure exactly with this John pork Once you answer the phone pork radar Oh, dude. It's getting way too close and fast Who's at the door? Why you? That is terrifying Go away. I'm gonna call the police. That's a good idea Yeah, I was about to say you could still see him there. Oh, no This one is titled answer her question. I believe that's inspired by a man of the adventure No, it's time for a lot. Oh, no, I think I've lost my key from this weird-looking door. Where can it be? That's too easy H-E-S-T What maybe Just Of course white Really? That's right In your gut What where? Good job, my friend. Now, it's time for your luck quest Take the sharp knife and take the key out of your belly. Will you do it for me? Bro, you just cut her hair. What's wrong with this tape? It's supposed to be for children. No Why you gotta be so difficult? Aren't we friends anymore? Listen, just turn up the tape. You don't have to answer that Oh, oh god Okay Why won't it turn out? Why are you asking like this? Dude, that is scary. Let me show how it's done We can't be friends anymore Dude, she got it woolly and took the key out of her gut Let me smell that. Please drink it out Oh, man These videos Barbara's daycare found footage now. This is supposed to be heavily inspired by FNAF as we see animatronics Well, we have a solution just for you Here at Barbara's daycare, we'll love some new friends every day care. We have endless totally seem like a safe daycare In case of a health emergency, your child will be assisted to a kid's house When Dr. Chica will take care of your kid's trauma Dr. Chica? After the pizzeria, she became a doctor I thought she was about to stab me with her pinky, bro Two times a day Here at Barbara's daycare, safety is our second name. The whole building has a system of locked lathering So your child will be unable to exit the facility by hit-off To giant endless maze We have a system of moving walls designed by our company Remember, children, forest areas are dangerous You can meet snakes, bears What was that?


Let's take congratulations on your young researcher award. What's your research about? OK, currently I'm busy with research in mathematics education, in particular trigonometry. So this paper that I did is on learning analytics. And we're using learning analytics using the Blackboard Learning Management System to assist me in developing a course for the learners that will be suited to them for learning mathematics with understanding of errors and misconceptions that they will be making. You are for the first time at the Eden Research Workshop. What, why you have come and how you are finding it? OK, this is my first time at the Eden Research and I'm finding it very interesting because I'm a junior researcher myself and it's given me opportunity to learn from others with more experience. And this I'll take back home and use in my studies in conclusion of my PhD study. And I want to eventually develop a MOOC in trigonometry for teacher training.


perpetual energy. Words spoken in the cool whispers of night between two lovers wrapped in bliss.