how to build a multi-million dollar business with $100. Look, I swear, I stumbled into millions of dollars and I want to tell you how. But here's the funny thing, you can too, it's not that difficult. On top of that, it cost me $100 to do it. Hey, I'm JR Fisher, welcome to my channel. I've been selling online since 2009, sold millions of dollars of digital and physical products. And on this channel, all I do is share with you, tell you how to start running, grow your online business, but you gotta do me a favor, subscribe. Hit the subscribe button down there. And right next to it, there's a bell, it looks like this. You know what bells are for? They're meant to be rang. So you need to ring this bell and then you need to turn on all notifications. I would seriously appreciate that. That way you become part of the Fisher family, the VIP group, they get notified every single time I do one of these videos and I'll even tell you when I go live and maybe we can talk back and forth. All right, so let's get into this. Also I forgot, I have a $97 course and I wanna give it to you for free. It's in the description below. You click the link and learn, no credit card required. So check that out, go grab that course. So I wanna talk to you about how I stumbled on two millions of dollars. Kinda accidentally, but kinda on purpose if that makes any sense, but it will in just a minute. Now, I don't know if you can relate to this. Probably some of you can because in a survey in America, 87% of the people surveyed said they hated their job. 87%. And it's generally not the job per se. It's the people you gotta work with or maybe your boss. I was in that group that didn't like my boss. I just didn't like my boss, but there were other problems. I didn't like how much time I had to spend at work. I didn't like that I couldn't spend time with my kids. I was a single dad. I didn't like the amount of money I was making. Though it wasn't bad, it wasn't great, it was never gonna get me anywhere. I was never gonna have a big retirement off it. There were too many things I didn't like. I wanted freedom. I wanted to come and go as I pleased. I didn't wanna have to take a lunch on somebody else's schedule. Maybe I wasn't hungry at 11.35. Maybe I wanted to eat at one o'clock or 10.30 in the morning. All these things kinda came together and made me wanna start my own business. And I wanna share that with you because if I can tell you this and you could apply it in your life and you could get some results and maybe quit your job and live your life the way you really want to.  That would be awesome for me. Now, before I get started with my story, there's some ground rules that you have to adhere to if you wanna be successful at this. Number one, and this is probably the biggest, most important rule, and I had to apply it in my life too, but number one is don't listen to anyone that hasn't achieved what you wanna achieve. And where is this coming from? This is coming from your friends and family. They're gonna explain to you why you won't succeed. They're gonna do this because they have not themselves. You know, if you have a family member who's never sold anything online, never made any money online, never been successful online, how in the world can you expect them to encourage you and to think your ideas are great to make money online? If they've never done it, think about it. Doesn't make sense. That's rule number one. Don't listen to anyone who hasn't done what you already want to do and been successful at it. What's the point? Number two, there's only three rules, by the way. Number two, don't believe it takes money to make money. It's not true, not true, not true. It takes effort, it takes tenacity, it takes hard work, but it doesn't take money. I've seen a lot of people with a lot of money invested in businesses and just lose it. And if just having a lot of money would make you a lot of money, then everybody who inherits money, everybody who wins the lottery could just put it in a business and make a ton of money. That's just not the case. It's not the case. It's not the case. As a matter of fact, the more money you have to lose, the less likely you are to succeed because you don't care about it as much. So having money is not the key. I started with a hundred bucks, all fairness, all honesty, that was on a credit card, okay? So it really wasn't even my hundred bucks. And then there's rule number three. Don't quit when things get tough. Don't quit when things get tough. You know, the problem is too many people have an out. They go, well, you know what? If it doesn't work, I can always get a job at another department store. I can always go bartending at another restaurant. I can all, and they had that out in their head. Now, my out was I didn't want to go back to any of those things anymore. I was done. I didn't want to go back, didn't want to, didn't want to. So whatever happened, I had to figure out a way to make it work. I had, I do to this day, I have to figure out how to make things work. I mean, I over the past couple months, we're in the middle of a pandemic now at the time I'm filming this, we've sold a lot of survival food. We've made a lot of money and my bills are paid and I don't need to do a video and tell you this right now. I tell you because I want to help you.  They do work, okay? They do, they do, do work. Don't listen to anybody. Don't know what these people are telling you can't do it. You don't want to get around these people. You want to be around people who tell you and do things. And that third rule I just gave you about don't quit when things get tough. You really have to apply that because think about this. The reason you would start an online business is because you want to stop doing something else. Maybe it's get away from that boss. Maybe it's because of the poor pay. Maybe it's because of the time. You'll have to go back to one of those things. If you quit, do you want to go back? No, you don't want to go back. You don't want to do that, guys.  You can't quit. Okay, do I have that in your head now? Don't quit. I want to tell you how I stumbled into millions of dollars, okay? And the way I did it was starting first off. When I first started off, I wasn't selling survival food. I wasn't selling courses. And that's what I sell to this day. That's what I sell to this day is survival food and courses and training on how to make money online. I didn't start off with that because I didn't know how to. I didn't know how to do either one of those things. So I started off selling cell phone cases. I sold these cell phone cases. And by the way, didn't make any money on that either. I sold cell phone cases because it was the hottest selling item on eBay at the time. And I thought, well, if that's the biggest selling item, that must be what I need to sell. It was not. It was not what I needed to sell because there was no profit margins in it. And people change their phones constantly. And I would have to buy an inventory of 100 and I'd sell three or four of that 100.  And after a period of time, my closet was just full of cell phone cases, okay? It didn't take me long to figure out cell phone cases was not my thing. But I did learn how to add a product to eBay because that's where I was selling them. I did learn how to set up my PayPal account. I did learn how to do some stuff online. So at that point, I could move on to other stuff. And I moved on to camping gear and camping equipment and survival tools and stuff like that. And I sold a little bit of those. I didn't make much money. Made a few hundred dollars a month, maybe. But I was learning. Okay, I was learning as I was going. I was figuring this stuff out. And that's what I would tell you is that get started. And when you get started, you're gonna go in a direction, okay?  You're gonna turn another road. It's not gonna be good. And then finally you're gonna find a path that works a little bit. You're gonna get on that path. Then you're gonna take another turn.  And over the years, we've sold millions and millions of dollars of survival food. How did I get to survival food? I mean, how? By starting, by selling cell phone cases, okay? That's how I got to millions of dollars of survival food by selling cell phone cases. So guys, I wanna tell you, you've gotta get started and you can't quit. And you gotta keep trying new things.  And you're gonna learn more and more and more. When I started, I didn't know how to build a website. I didn't know how to work on a website. I can do that now. When I started, I didn't know what SEO was. I could do SEO now. I didn't know how to film videos. I'm filming one right now. I didn't know how to edit videos. I can edit a video now. It's because I did one thing. It led to another and another and another. And that's how it works when you sell online. I didn't know, and neither did you, that a pandemic was gonna hit the world. And one of the number one selling things in a pandemic is food. And above all food is survival food that lasts a long time. And that's what I sell. Who would have thought it? Who would have thought it when I was selling cell phone cases that 10, 11 years later, there'd be a pandemic and I would have the number one product in the world? Who would have thought that? I didn't think that. I didn't plan that. So a lot of times you get in your head, well, I've got to plan out exactly what I'm gonna sell online and how much I'm gonna sell and how much I'm gonna make. I say just get started. If you get started, opportunities will present themselves to you. I can't count over the years. How many times people said to me, hey, you ought to teach people how to sell stuff online. Do a course. I finally did one and made a bunch of money on that. But only reason I got that opportunity is because I sold the survival food. And now I've got the courses.  You ought to try to do coaching. And I did coaching and I made money on that. And then I came out with more courses.  And then I did that. So all of these things that generate money for me now did not exist before cell phone cases. Cell phone cases, okay? I don't know what your cell phone case is. Maybe yours is a turkey baster. Maybe yours is t-shirts. Maybe yours is socks. I don't know what it is, but it's there. And if you just try it, and if it doesn't work, you move on to the next thing and the next thing. And it will work after a while. It just will. But you've got to keep working on it. You got to put the pressure on it. You got to realize that if you quit, you got to go back to why you quit, right?  Again, crappy pay. You got to go back to crappy pay. So if you don't quit, if you keep moving forward no matter what, no matter what happens, and when you're down to your last spot where you say, well, you know, I can't do it anymore, I'm done. That's the spot where you're probably gonna hit success. That's it, right there, right there. If you're down to the point where it seems like there's no way out, there's nothing you can do, and you keep trying right on the other side of that, boom, the success, right on the other side. Does that mean that success will follow you the rest of your life? No, no, no, no. I mean, we saw tons of survival food during the pandemic. Before that it was kind of slow. Before that it was kind of busy. It's up and down, but I didn't put all my eggs in my basket. You know, I have courses now, and I have trainings now, and I have inner circles now, and I have coachings now, and I have the survival food. So it's like, guys, you just keep doing things. And guess what I've got now? I've got this video. And this video right here could possibly make me some money. Maybe somebody will opt in and get my course down there, and maybe on down the road they'll buy something from me. Maybe somebody will place an ad on this video, and maybe I'll make some money off that ad. Bottom line is, guys, keep creating, keep doing, and you will succeed. I really appreciate you listening to this video, and don't forget, if you haven't, you gotta subscribe, that big button there. Looks like this, right, subscribe. Make sure you hit that button. Make sure you ring the bell, turn on all notifications. All notifications, okay?  If you do that, you join the Fisher family, you become part of the VIP club, and you get notified every single time I do a video. How exciting is that? To get an email and go, Jay, I just did a video. That would be really exciting for you. I know it would, wouldn't it? Okay, maybe not so much, but at least you'll know, and that's the important thing. Also I have a course, and it's down in the description, $97 course to teach you how to make money online. Click on that link. You don't even need a credit card. You just click and learn. Couldn't be much simpler, okay? It's pretty easy stuff. Make sure you do that. Thank you so much for listening, and tell me your story. You got a crappy boss, I would love to hear that story. Okay, really, what would your boss do? I wanna hear about that, okay?  Put it in the comments below. Got questions about selling online, you can also do that, and I'll be happy to answer you. Thank you so much for listening, and I will see you in the next video. Hey, thanks for watching my video. Don't forget to subscribe to my channel, and click that little bell right here so you can be notified every time I do a new video. Also, click on one of those videos there, keep watching on my channel.


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But I'm not a trader. I am an investor, but I am not a trader. Well, you've got knowledge on the subject, especially about the historic version of the subject. And there's the link. There is the link. Why we have you sitting here today and why you're on this specific show. Yeah. I mean, Poku's been asking me a lot of questions historically about trading, haven't you? Yeah, 100%. But I haven't been able to answer any of them. Yeah, I would love to know just where it comes from and I want you to explain in a way that can make me laugh. Let's do this.


We help students be successful no matter where you are or what project you are working on. We are here for you. An Ohio ID will be needed for card swipe access into Alden Library. Users can use public computing, specialized software, printing, bobcat cash, socially distanced study spaces, contactless pickup of requested items, and reservable rooms for individual study. Alden Library will be cleaned regularly in accordance with the university's cleaning protocols and for safety. All users will adhere to social distancing and the university's mask policy. The bookstacks are closed, but you can request items from the Alice catalog. We will check them out for you, and then you can pick them up on the second floor of Alden. In-person staffing is reduced at help desks, but help is available remotely via phone and live chat. Or, by making an appointment with your subject librarian. OhioLink is available to borrow materials we don't have, but will require more time than usual. Use the request button in the OhioLink catalog and select the library closest to you for pickup. For more information about the libraries, check out the FAQ page or use the live chat links on our webpages. Stay safe, bobcats!


Hello and welcome to NewsClick. I am Paranjoy Gohar Thakurtha. What we are going to discuss now is an article which was put out by the news agency IANS, earlier known as Indo-Asian News Service. It's Bombay Bureau head, Kaid Najmi, and the afternoon of the 21st of June 2018, put out an article which was about the Ahmadabad District Cooperative Bank and how this bank had secured deposits of over 745 crore of currency that had been banned. This was just after demonetization took place on the 8th of November 2016 and five days after this happened, this money came in and just before all district cooperative banks were banned from accepting deposits of banned currency notes, this bank, the Ahmadabad District Cooperative Bank, put the money which was the highest in the country. Now none of that would have made the kind of news it had if it hadn't been for the fact that a director of the bank and a former chairman of the bank happens to be the president of the Bharatiya Janta Party, Amit Shah. Now what has happened is after this article came out, it was put up on a number of websites but curiously certain websites such as Network 18 which is owned by the Reliance Group, the New Indian Express, Times Now, they took this after they had put it up and more recently the NABAD, that is the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development and this article was based on a reply to a question raised under the Right to Information Act and the answer was given by a spokesperson, the Chief General Manager and Appellate Authority of NABAD, Mr. S. Saravanavell. Now why did all this happen? Why did these websites put out the article and then take it down? To try and understand what happened and what went into the making of this article, I'm very happy to have with me here in the studio of NewsClick, somebody I've known for many years, Hardev Sanothra. Thank you Hardev for coming here, Hardev, for the benefit of our viewers, you're the managing editor of INS. Tell me, once you put out the agency, put out the story, did you expect this kind of a reaction? How do you see the whole situation? Well, in the beginning we didn't expect it to have so much play in the market basically because stories come and go but you see it got into the politics of it, Congress Party then made statements. Rao Gandhi sent tweets. Yes, we were a bit surprised by the reactions but since, as you mentioned, the President's name came up, BJP President's name came up, it probably had a much wider play than would normally have happened. You know, right up front in the article, which is written by Kaidnajmi, you also mentioned that right behind the building where the Amitabh district cooperative bank is situated, you have the Rajkot district cooperative bank and the chairman of this bank is Jayeshbhai Vithalbhai Radhadya who happens to be minister in the Gujarat government, in the cabinet, the cabinet of the Gujarat government headed by Chief Minister Vijay Rupani and this got deposits of over its 693 crore. Now, it's interesting that this is based on information, based on an RTI query. Why the controversy? There should not have been a controversy like this but because these notes were deposited within five days, the amount is huge and people wonder where this money came from but as you know, Nabhad has issued a statement just now, just a little while ago, saying that there was nothing wrong. There were a large number of people who came to the bank to deposit it. So, that's their explanation. You know, Hardev, the so-called rejoinder, if you like, put out by Nabhad, I mean, in the press trust of India has reproduced it. It mentioned that there was nothing unusual about these deposits, that these deposits were in line with the size of the bank and it did meet all the KYC norms, the Know Your Customer norms. My colleague said that if 750 crores were deposited in five days and the bank was open for 12 hours a day, each day, then on an average there would be deposits of 12.5 crore per hour. And if you assume that each customer was allowed to deposit, say, 1 lakh rupees, then the bank dealt with 1,250 customers per hour on an average. So, the question is, how credible, therefore, is Nabhad's clarification? You see, there are a number of branches that this bank has about 190 plus 2 counters. So, if you probably have to calculate according to that, what they are saying is so many, they have 16 lakh customers and out of which less than 10% deposited this. So, I think mathematically it's not something which is out of the way. But we just focused on the facts of the matter. We based our story on the RTI replies, which actually, there's an activist called Mano Ranjan Roy in Bombay who does a lot of story. We have earlier done stories by him also. So, he put out this query. He put out several queries to several banks. Many of the public sector's bank did not respond to it. Seven of them did respond. And of course, all the district cooperatives and the state cooperative banks responded. And some post offices, very few of them. Now, he collated this information from all these replies and then came up with a figure of 745 crores for ADC, the Amdabad district cooperative bank and also the Rajkot bank. Yeah, and you pointed out in your article that the Rajkot is like a hub of... It's a political hub. Yeah, it's a political hub in a way. Because that's just by the way to explain the... Narendra Modi was first elected as a legislator in 2001 from Rajkot. But we are not making any correlation between that. We are not saying that anybody is directly responsible or responsible for this. We are just keeping... As you know, as a news agency, we often tend to do stories which are straightforward. They are not speculative. We have to, as a news agency, keep to the journalistic norm of verifying everything before we put out. We avoid speculation in our stories. And this article is based on facts. On facts. We have not speculated about any culpability of anybody in this thing. That, of course, the political parties have done it. That's a different issue. We are not involved in that. Nabad took its time responding, isn't it? It took about more than 24 hours, if I'm not mistaken. Yeah, I presume they must be collating all the information. I see. Because they have come out with a detailed reply about how many KYCs were done and whether Reserve Bank accepted the KYC. That's their stand. Whereas the RTI activist Manoranjan Roy found it astounding. What is your view? Was it truly astounding that such a lot of money... We didn't... I didn't look at it from that point of view. What I looked at it when a reporter files a story to us, whether it's factually correct, whether we have done the due diligence for it and whether we can back it up, we can stand by our story. And that's what we did only. Okay. Now, if you recall, this is when the WIRE website put out an article a short while ago as we were talking. It said that a number of websites, news18.com, first post, both are part of the Reliance Group. Over and above that, Times Now, which is part of the Times Group and the New Indian Express, they all put out this article and then took it down. In fact, the Economic Times also put out this article and then took it down but removed the name of Mr. Amit Shah from the article. But it didn't remove the name curiously from the tags. At least that's what we found. So that was a little unusual. And Mr. G.S. Vasu of the New Indian Express was the only person who had reacted to the WIRE and he said that the editor of the newspaper takes a final call on all editorial matters. Why do you think these websites put the story up and then took it down? I have no idea why they did it. You see, it's their prerogative. Of course. Eventually, the editor decides now he must have had his reasons. I have no way of knowing what these reasons are. As a journalist, I say stories should be debated in the public domain and whatever is the truth should come out. The WIRE also mentions in its article that in July 2017 that the Times of India's Ahmadabad edition had carried an article again, based on factual information, after it was given to the Election Commission of India that Mr. Amit Shah's assets had gone up three times over a period of five years and then this article was removed from the paper's website. Is there any similarity? Again, it's up to the papers or others. They are responsible for it. In fact, you should be questioning them about this matter because I have nothing to add to that. Well, anything else you would like to add to what your agency has put out by way of a story and this reaction it's had? No, basically, like I said, our main purpose is to make sure that what we put out and we put out a large number of stories, more than 350 every day, and it goes through a due diligence process. We have checks and balances at every level, which I suppose every newspaper has. So based on that, we try and make sure that stories which may be deemed to have a little more impact than others go through an even stronger process of due diligence. And this particular story did go through that. It did go through. In fact, I personally looked at it and checked all the documents and spoke to a correspondent, Kaid Nazmi in Bombay, who has done a large number of stories based on RTI replies. So when everything checked and everything was correct, we looked at the websites, we looked at the history of the websites also and when everything checked, we put out the story. So that's it. Basically, the story has made some reaction outside, so which is well and good. Thank you so much, Hardev, for giving us your time and for explaining the situation and the circumstances under which IANS put out this story. Thank you for taking it. Thank you. You've just heard Hardev Sanotra, managing editor of IANS, explaining the circumstances and what went into the publication of an article by his colleague in Mumbai, Kaid Nazmi, which talked about how the Amitabhath District Co-operative Bank, in which the Bharati Janthabadi president, Mr. Mith Shah, is a director, how this particular bank secured deposits of over 745 crores in a five-day period after demonetization. And this particular article has been put down by a number of websites after having put it up. So clearly, the article, though it was absolutely fact-based, may have touched on more than a few raw nerves. Thank you for being with us.


Hi, I'm Matthew Coast, head dating coach and founder over at commitmentconnection.com and in today's video we're going to talk about is it love? Here are the signs.  So you like this guy.  And you want to know if it's love, if it's true love, if it's real, is it real? And so here are some signs that you want to look for. Number one, this one's about you actually. And it's, do you know what you want?   Guys have it with women too. And, but you know what kind of a guy you want. And this is the guy that you're looking for. And you know it. That's, that's a good sign that there's some real love going on there. Number two, and this is more about the relationship in general is, uh, you know, the chemistry is strong, but it's not just a physical chemistry. The difference between lust and love is, uh, in, in one sense it's that lust is like this physical attraction that you have with somebody. Whereas the love connection is more of like an emotion, like a deep emotional, almost spiritual type connection, as well as the physical connection that you might have. So what kind of a connection do you have? Are your lives in alignment? Do you guys have similar values? Are you, uh, moving in the same direction? So sign number three is that you are good friends at the base level. So you're good friends first and you trust each other, uh, from experience and not just from words. You want to make him a friend first, you know, even if you ended up sleeping with him really soon, um, you got to have that friendship layer there or it's, or it's, or it's not, it's probably not going to end up working out long term. Sign number four, your life is its best that it's ever been. You can always tell when a relationship is toxic because you don't really like the person that you've become and, and you're kind of becoming that person just to kind of please this guy. You're not growing and striving for your own personal growth and development. It's more like, um, you're not growing together.  On the other hand, if you're, um, if you're really in love, and it's true love with a guy, um, you're going to be living your life to the fullest. Things are going to be going really well because you're going to be supporting each other and what it is that you're doing, you're, you're, there's going to be an alignment with each other and you're going to be moving and pushing each other forward in a healthy way, not in a unhealthy way, uh, which happens a lot is, um, one person or the other will try to prod the other person forward. But if you're, if it's healthy and it's true love, then, um, there'll be a healthy alignment. There'll be a healthy growth and movement forward in both of your lives. And so the fifth sign that you want to look for is that, um, it's not just some kind of conditional love, but it's like this strong bond that, uh, can't be broken and that's, uh, unconditional and totally accepting and, and like super, it's super love. When you love somebody unconditionally, it's like you can peer deep into the purity of their soul and, you know, there might be ups and downs, there might be hard times. Maybe he's got, uh, you know, some issues that he's got to work through. You've got issues that you've got to work through, but it's, it's accepting. It's unconditional. You, you accept and totally love each other for who you are instead of, um, making it based on maybe something that they do or how they act or whether or not they do something. Uh, so that's it. Those are the signs. Is it true love? I don't know. You tell me. Thanks for watching this video. If you're ready to know exactly what to say and do to attract the man and the relationship you've always wanted, click on the button on the right hand side of this video and go to our website.


Next, we are going to have Carol Francis. This is a film clip historical from the First Truth Commission. Carol Francis is a retired Unified School District teacher, a playwright and longtime Cuba solidarity activist in Los Angeles. Listen closely to how far back anti-communism in America goes. Thank you. And now we're going to end the tower with one last testimony and out of this first panel on the early years of anti-communism in the United States and it goes back even further than 100 years ago. Well, I just want to ask you what was the first movement to be red-legged? Was the first movement in what became where somebody called communists because of their work? Go ahead, chat it out. Any ideas? What's the earliest movement that you can think of that was red-legged? Later, what year? What decade? 1870s. 1870s later, anybody earlier than that? Actually, it was the 1850s. It was the anti-slavery movement, the abolitionist movement. I was in Nicaragua, a group of people who were there from all over the world showing solidarity with the Sandinista Revolution and I was talking with another U.S. American that's what I knew from L.A. and these two Canadians came over holding this book. This book is called Lager's Untold Story. It was written in 1950s, like a movement struggle. They said, we've seen this book and I said, yes, he and I are correct again. I said, you've got to read this, page 15. So they handed these two Canadians showing us this book. So here it is, a quote from a slave apologist in 1850. Now, here in mind, what happened in 1948? The Communist manifesto came out. I was born out of the Zuteneo and the Communist manifesto, so I forget 1848. So 1848, 1850, those guys did not waste any time in 1850. This came out. The parties in this conflict are not merely abolitionists and slave holders, they are atheists, socialists, communists, red republicans, Jacobians on one side, and the friends of order and regulated freedom on the other. I was their freedom being regulated by them. And here's another quote. This is seven years later, 1857. We warn the North that every war, the need for slavery question as a means to their ulterior ends. Socialism and communism, no private property, no church, no law, free love, free land, free women, and free children. That is definitely a story that needs to be told, labor's untold story, red baiting of anti-slavery activists. There you have it, has nothing to do with the Soviet Union as our part and human rights and all of that. It's a battle of ideas.


OK folks, this is Jacob Schup, filling in for Tom O'Brien, this is the 4pm stock market update. Let's take a look where everything ended up today. We have the ES mini up about 0.8% trading at $4808 today, the Russell trading at $1935, about 0.5352%, the NQs trading just about $17,097, up about 1.35%, Dow futures up about half a percentage point, gold, a little bit of OK movement upwards in gold, at least today. Looking at $2024 on the contract there, silver contract trading at $22.87 up almost a percent. Copper trading at $375, crude oil, let's talk a little bit about that. I see it moving up a little bit, trading up about 2% at $7389, it is significantly cold. There are some supply shortages coming out from OPEC and obviously OPEC Plus with Russia having some level of embargo there. And then one of the things I didn't really know that I kind of learned recently was that cold weather can actually result in spills, which is very strange. So let's look a lot about that and let's see why that is. Talking about North Dakota, you had 60 reports over the past week of spills. It's basically hard to get people out there to try to maintain the lines and this causes essentially a slowdown in production. Public health isn't an issue, let's get the numbers on that. As of Wednesday morning the state's output was estimated to be down 650,000 to 700,000 barrels of oil per day and down about 1.71.9 billion cubic feet of gas. By comparison the state produced an average of 1.24 million barrels of oil per day and about 3.4 billion cubic feet of gas. That's somewhat significant when you're looking at about 13.1 billion I think total output from the U.S., excuse me, 13.3, I think 13.1 was from 2020 at our height there. So we're producing a lot more and this is going to see maybe just a short term kind of decrease in basically reserves on that, excuse me, in supply. Tesla trading down still, we're at 211.62, still dynamics at 112.69, the dollar still pretty strong at 103.45, they can look Bitcoin ETFs down significantly today and of course Humana down 8%. Folks, thank you so much for joining me today, I believe I'll be back with you tomorrow. We'll just have to wait and see. Have a great rest of your evening and we'll see you then.


Some day there we have the final session of the day coming up Okay, so final session of the day we have Nikita here and the Presentation is about Fedora veggies floor is yours Thank you all for joining It's it's a crowd. I didn't expect these many people here. So before I begin I would Before I began to talk about the Fedora badges. How do I would like to briefly introduce myself? So hey, I'm Nikita Tripathi and I'm a final year engineering student at Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee and I interned at the Fedora badges design project last year as an outreach intern for the summer cohort and I've been contributing to Fedora ever since for the design requirements and I would just like to mention before I start This presentation could not have been made possible without the guidance of Mary Norden and the Contributions of Chris Edoco. So here we go Here's the content reveal of my presentation. I will introduce the badges system then we'll walk through on how to use them and Then explore what lies behind beyond the horizon Okay, as we all already might know Fedora badges is a fun initiative created somewhere towards the end of 2012 so this initiative was to induce a sense of recognition and achievement in contributors for their in game engagement with the Fedora community That these engagements could be through their contributions in through their involvement or their participation with the Fedora community So effectively this introduced a game-like elements into the non-game environment of the contributor to make the Contributor experience even better While encouraging them for the holistic development of the Fedora infrastructure This method in technical terms is called gamification So to see what Fedora has done so far with the badges you just need to go to the explore page of the Fedora badges and Here is a snapshot of it So with over 600 badges in existence and many in the making the Fedora badges have maintained their style for a long time by following a strict style guide this guide specifies The colors fonts shapes That should be used in all the badges and it also provides instructions for the overall design of the badges so the style guide has helped to ensure that the Fedora badges are consistent in their appearance and This makes them easy to identify and recognize which is important for a program that is designed to reward the contributors Now that we are familiar with the wads let us have a look at the house and create our own badge so to start off we should have a Start with a clear purpose. So which means asking yourself What do you what do you want your badge to communicate? Are you trying to identify people? Are you trying to promote a message or simply make a statement? Once you know your purpose you can start to develop a design that aligns with your goal and Just like Leonardo da Vinci said simplicity is the ultimate sophistication. So keep it simple Badges should be easy to read and understand use clear fonts and colors to avoid too much clutter Stick to the Fedora brand Fedora has several branding elements use the Fedora logo and style guide Incorporate them into your batch design This will help to create a cohesive look and feel for all the badges and most importantly be creative Badges are a great opportunity to get creative with your design use illustrations Have a look at the photos or even custom artwork to create a unique and memorable batch In design it is very important to get feedback Once you have a design show it to a people in the community and get their feedback This will help you to identify any potential problems or areas for improvement So Fedora badges has several existing bad CDs The CDs are a fun way to create another dimension to the Fedora badges such as collecting a set of badges and Help to develop more content. Moreover, the Fedora badges are classified into six main categories These are development badges content badges the quality badges Community badges miscellaneous ones and even badges and as you must have noticed the all the categories have a corresponding color drink associated with them The Fedora badges came into existence about a decade ago and the batch template stayed the same through these years Over time some shortcomings were noticed in the existing design and hence came the need for a new batch template So learning from the research and discussing the previously identified improvements I made a series of iterations in the new version I reduced all the white space to lay more emphasis on the graphics I removed the drop shadow from the design in order to make it look more sleek and modern and During the designing of the iterations I was also inclusive of a future possibility of Dark mode being implemented across all the Fedora websites In the original design as we can see there was a repetition of the vector shape provided in simpler terms the border the white space and the graphic space were all made out of a single shape Because of this mathematically the design was balanced But this created a visual imbalance to the eyes that the corner is a bit thicker around the turn So to improve this I introduced a solution that instead of using the given shape as the border We could add an outer border to the graphic base shape and make it look more visually balanced this added to an oversimplification to the previously existing separate layers in the SVG file The simpler design also added to the simplicity of usage So I reduced the numbers of the editable layers I added a clip group so that anyone can simply put their design design side of it and a body group Where the design could be put and it will automatically get clipped or like hidden And it will not a leak beyond the borders So this eliminated the traditional method of separately clipping the objects which can be observed in a lot of present badges and For the sake of consistency. I also added The typical topography composition for the badges and patterns in invisible layers and I provided a instruction layer which can be deleted and it also Recommends the contributor to delete all the unused layers so that when the badges produce the It occupies letter lesser storage space so the website doesn't take a lot of time to load because of the bad size So in order to first accommodate more clear guidelines Secondly to assist contributors maintain consistency across the Fedora badges for the deliver deliverance of the authentic Fedora experience and To give the decade-old badges tile guide a modern refresh. I created the new official Fedora badges guide In the new guideline I include all these essential instructions from the previous guide and I added a few updates So as you can see here since there was an update in the inkscape application and a few technical things changed in the export options I added those so there's a 256 by 256 pixel and a 96 DPI which was previously incorrectly mentioned In the old line, so it has been corrected now after the update in Addition to the previously layered guidelines. I introduced some new ones to help contributors to Fedora badges for example on this page I am suggesting a good trick of trade for color selection that is to select any column and then Go with the top three rows of the main palette for the badges design composition. I Also included some of the unwritten rules about topics which needed consistency such as this one So while some of these rules might seem obvious to everyone Some of them might not be but they need to be followed and I remember I had to ask about This one specifically with Mary a lot. I had to trouble her a lot during my first making of the badges So his top secret sneak peek into the new look of the badges Which are yet to be released, but hey, what are you waiting for? Go make your own batch today Be creative express yourself and get involved Thank you all for being such a Great nice audience and I'm really grateful for this opportunity and my experience at Fedora has been The most enriching ones I have had so far. So any questions? So is there going to be any update to the guidelines? About each one batch to contributors about about actually each one batch to contributors No, not that I am aware of Oh, I'm just curious if you also design some guidelines for that or not No Maybe a list of batch ideas that people can start from Badge ideas. Yeah, like a list of badges that people may want to introduce Can you please repeat? I'm not able to Well any specific ideas at beginners who want to try the hand I design badges so my start from oh Since we are at the flock event. Why not people start with Designing the events badge for the flock event They are any badge Can be designed like most of the badges are of the beginner level. So Anyone can go and design a badge. There are some badges that require new artwork So that would go for maybe the intermediate or advanced level but beginner badges, there are a lot of those and Anybody can go and design those Maybe I have the answer you were looking for I think you were looking for inspiration on how to design batches if I got your question correctly Yeah, well you can look on Pager, there's the fedora batches project It has all the batches that are available in there and you can look at these designs and PNG SVG files are all in there and you can use that as a starting point and modify and what not I mean, it's open source. It's it's it's out there for you and Otherwise look on badges that fedora project org and whatever batch it takes you fancy and use that as an inspiration The the source board is available and images are available. Everything is there So I would just like to add upon that when I first started contributing to badges For me to understand what type of artwork Fedora wants. I just went to this Fedora badges explore page I just looked at all the badges and got an idea about what kind of artwork do they want then I read the guidelines There is a complete set of rules that I need to follow the border size and the shapes And there are some already existing artworks that you can just cut paste and use them over the badges So those are helpful Hey Nikita great presentation And I've been really excited to learn about all the new design work going into the badges along with the Ongoing work that we have to do badges 2.0 So it's been really cool to see also the artwork getting the refresh and Getting a new look so my question is so since you were an intern last year with Fedora I was just curious to know what you've been up to since your outreach the internship finished and I know you mentioned you're finishing your last year of school But just kind of curious to know what you've been up to since outreach II and if you're What your next steps have been since your internship? Okay, so after my internship at Outreach II I worked with software freedom Resurvency as a consultant for their graphic designs and I made graphic designs for their event Fossi this year and Besides that I've been contributing to Fedora. I was I was in the design chat and Many of you must have known that this creative freedom summit that occurred around January, right? So we used to make some banners and promotional social media Posts so I made some backgrounds for that and those were used and I keep contributing as much time I get during my coursework and all the things that are happening so That would that would sum up my open source journey so far more questions So this is a very deeply technical Question so bear with me, but what's your favorite? Okay, so It's it's not up yet. I made this badge during my contribution time So it's a high five, but it's high five Badge so I I really like this one. I Made it during my contribution What did I do? How I don't I don't really remember there was some specification, but I was too focused on the artwork. I Also have a question. I Know that you are pretty good at inkscape since you can draw that but for someone who is not very good at inkscape How can I learn and maybe start creating a batch? Okay, so if if you have never done any graphic design and you want to start with inkscape There are online tutorials on YouTube And you can also find it on the official inkscape website or on the Fedora badges website So there is a list of tutorials for you to learn inkscape from Thank you. I was also just going to add at creative freedom summit I remember there were some sessions for beginners on Doing things with inkscape So also the recordings from the creative freedom summit in January would be a good resource to perfect. Thank you Okay, thank you for a presentation Well, that's it for today for this room Enjoy the game night Yeah, so just some housekeeping stuff. So we will be on pause. I believe until six So the game night is going to be in the room upstairs where we had lunch If you have any board games card games anything that you brought along with you, please bring them with you We will have the candy swap if I remember right at six or no seven thirty Six thirty. Thank you six thirty to seven thirty


dylau'r gyntaf cwnton o feiaf o'ch teimlo i'r cyfrifiadau o gyntaf sy'n ceisio gafi ddau. Yn amserThis is jointwork ar Martin Albert, Ameddio ac Nigro Smart. Firstly my protocols are the first to be constructed from lattice-based hardness assumptions, specifially the ring learning with errors, short-intagive solution problems. Unwys for our construction holds in the quantum random-aracle model. ond oedd ychwanegwch yn sgwrdd a'r jugerfyniad tan yfynigol gyda iawn i ddillfyniad heterotafol amlaethu'r achesb gracious yma. Rydym yn fawr dyfod bod ymlaen deserbyddau yma, byddai'r cyffredin iawn i ddillfyniad yma i byddai'r gwρίadau yn y ffaith yn y野fyniaeth, a fydd yn cael ei wneud a chael ei ddillwyd i'r cyffredin iawn. Felly, ydych chi'n fany o ddillwyd i'r cyffredin iawn i ddillfyniad yr angen ôl a llwydd a llwydd o'r ddillfyniad yr unig yn ymddangos yw'r prysgol. Felly y FPOF cwm ydych chi'n fath o'r prysgol yw'r prysgol yng nghymru a llai, ac mae'r llai gynllun ymddangos o'r x yw ddyn nhw'n osbryd ac ymddangos ymddangos o'r ddyn nhw'n ddyn nhw'n ddyn nhw, ac mae'r llai gynllun wedi'i gynllun iddo i'r prysgol yw'r ysgol ac mae'r ddyn nhw ymdangos o ddyn nhw ymddangos o'r ddyn nhw on its input and the service key. The security properties of the protocol state that the server should learn nothing about the client's input x and that the client should learn nothing about the server's input key k. In order to realise verifiability, the server must also prove that the output was evaluated using its key k. So how do these things work generically? So in order to get started, the server first sends in an offline phase a commitment c to its key k, which the client then registers. So in the online phase, when the client then has the commitment c, which the server has sent and its own input x, which it wants to query, it first encodes its input x to some voprf friendly input distribution. So this gives this big x and then runs its generic blinding algorithm to receive y. And this what this does is hide x. And then using this y, the client sends this in a message to the server. The server evaluates whatever it needs to do in order to evaluate the voprf on this blinded input y and then it produces this output z. In order to realise verifiability, it also produces this proof pi, which essentially shows that z and the commitment c share a common key k, which is the server input. When the client receives this message back from the server, it first verifies the proof and then unblind z by running this generic blinding algorithm and just simply outputs wherever that algorithm outputs. So generically speaking, we have two guarantees that we require the voprf to hold. So firstly, the unblind operation on this z should give an output, which is equal to the PRF evaluation on the service key k and the encoded x, which the client provides. And then we also obviously require a security guarantee, which is that for any malicious client or server, there's a polynomial time simulator that can simulate the real world to these adversaries, just given access to an ideal voprf functionality. So what applications do we actually have for voprf in the real world? So the internet engineering task force is currently in the process of standardising a number of different functionalities in the internet setting that use these protocols as building blocks. So the first of these applications is the privacy class protocol, which is a private authorisation protocol in which the client receives authorization from the server for some event. In order to do so, it first sends some blinded token to the server and when the server wants to authorise the client, it signs that token and returns it to the client. What the client then does is output an unblinded version of this token that this exchange is actually a voprf exchange. So the client and the server compute this voprf protocol and the client outputs the output of the voprf and then in the future when the client wants to be authorised, it sends this unblinded token and the server, because it has never witnessed this unblinded token, cannot link it back to a previous authorisation event but it can still verify that the client is authorised. So the privacy class protocol is used widely across the internet by many different companies and organisations. Secondly, another application which is also undergoing standardisation is the opaque password authenticated key exchange protocol, which essentially combines an oblivious pseudorandom function protocol with an authenticated key exchange to build a secure opaque and these pakes are seeing widespread adoption in the internet setting for allowing mutual client server authentication using usernames and passwords that are secure against standard pre-computation attacks. So before we get into our construction, I'd just like to highlight exactly how we build these things in the classical setting because that's how they are used currently. So both privacy class and opaque use this verifiable oblivious pseudorandom function of Yarraki, Kyaius and Craftshik. So the first phase of this voprf sees the server commit to its key K by raising some common group element that's agreed by the client server to its key K and sending this value C to the client. So once the client has the service commitment C and its own input X, it first hashes its X to the group using this random deterministic mapping. This mapping outputs a group element X which the client can then multiply with this blinding factor and this blinding factor is constructed using the original generator G and this randomly sampled R to create Y, it then sends Y to the server as in the generic case and the server in order to compute the PRF simply raises this Y to the power of its key K and then proves in zero knowledge that Z, the output, shares the same discrete log as the original commitment from the offline phase and they're approved for doing this in a snore setting. Once the server constructs those two elements it sends them back to the client and the client can verify the proof and then unblinds the output by simply multiplying Z by the commitment C that the server sent raised to the power of the inverted R that it sampled in the previous phase and this output as shown in the argument there gives a correct pseudo random function output where the pseudo random function is simply X raised to the power of the service key K. So the security of the protocol rests upon the fact that the service key K is in the discrete log of this client chosen value and therefore the client can't learn what that value is by the hardness of discrete log or discrete log type assumptions but clearly this protocol is not secure against post quantum adversaries given the fact that we use these classical based assumptions and so in now in this work I'm going to highlight some of the problem exact problems in these protocols and how we might then go about solving them in the post quantum setting. So firstly I should just note that no previous construction has been based on lattice based primitives for realising a secure protocol however concurrently Bonae et al Asia Crip 2020 presented a post quantum vff using isogenes over supersingular elliptic curves constructed using hardness problems which are thought to be hard in the post quantum setting but in this work we're going to be focusing on the lattice based foundations for this protocol and first I'd just like to note the similarities between sort of discrete log type assumptions and those in the learning with errors sphere of foundational assumptions specifically in the ring setting so firstly for the discrete log hardness problem we have this common generator g and then raised to the power k it's hard for the adversary to learn k likewise in the ring lwe setting we have this secret element s sample from the ring and we also have this error term which is sample from a short ever distribution in that ring and then given some public ring value a computing a s plus e gives a randomly distributed element in that ring even for an adversary that knows a so using this similar type assumption starting point for our work was actually can we create a natural post quantum vff analog using these foundations so what might this look like so firstly i'm going to walk through this abstract attempt to construct a protocol which has some issues and then i'm going to highlight how we then solve these issues in order to get to our final construction so in the commitment phase we can replace the discrete log commitment which we had in the previous protocol with just the natural ring lwe analog so we have this ring element a and then we construct c as a k plus e and the client can't learn anything about the service key k based on the hardness of ring lwe i should note here that the different colours in this diagram correspond to the different distributions which are highlighted in the top right so then in the client's first message in the online phrase once it has the service commitment c and also its own input x it first has to do this encoding mechanism to change this bit string x into some ring value ax firstly assuming that this is possible the client then constructs its message cx to the server in the following way so it adds ax to essentially a newly sampled element and in doing so then cx is then randomly distributed in the ring and the server can't learn anything about this ax is essentially the message that the client is trying to blind in this in this setting so once the server has cx it then has to compute dx and it does so again with the very natural ring lwe replacement so it simply multiplies cx by the key k and samples a new error term e2 and then proves in zero knowledge that dx and the original commitment c share this same ring lwe secret k which is the service key finally i'm ignoring now the verification steps because the client must also always do this but essentially the client verifies the proof and then computes the output of the pseudonial function in the following way so it outputs this yx which is equal to the rounded the rounded ring element that resorts from rounding dx minus cs so we can think of this as the same way as the unblinding step in the classical construction therefore correctness holds when k and s are sampled as short elements in the ring just like the error terms e1 and e2 and what you should note here is that this p that's highlighted in the rounding step is chosen sufficiently small corresponding to the original ring lwe modulus q such that this rounding occurs correctly with high probability and i'll talk through how we mitigate for those low probability events in the next few slides so the exact problems with this construction are the following so in the firstly in the commitment phase how does the client actually verify that the service commitment is constructed in a proper way so in the way that this protocol describes the problem being that the service commitment c is actually just a random ring element and the server could just send some maliciously constructed ring element in this point for example like a trapdoor ring element or some ring element that's not actually sampled randomly and the client wouldn't be able to easily tell secondly in the online phase i left the description of this encode mechanism generically but we are actually going to now have to define how we do this in such a way that the client's input is actually sampled as a random ring element given this x in a deterministic manner another problem is that the again the server can't verify the client's message in this phase so the client also can could submit a maliciously constructed ring element that has trapdoors involved or is not actually randomly distributed which may allow the client to learn aspects of the service key case so we have to prevent against that in the service response note as well that the key k is kind of encoded into the error term of cx and what this may allow is for the client to learn things about the service key by analysing the sort of errors that are involved here because this is no longer like a Gaussian distributed or a typically distributed error distribution anymore so we have to protect against that as well and finally i left the zero knowledge proof as a generic description but we're going to have to instantiate the required proof system for doing this in a way that preserves post quantum security as well so with these problems in mind i'll now talk through exactly how we finish up on our voprf construction so firstly i've had to expand now some of the distributions and some of the zero knowledge proofs that we use because we're going to have to use much more functionality here in order to realise a secure version of this voprf protocol what I should note actually though is the eventual messages are going to stay very similar and it's it's purely how we sample things that it's going to change what you'll also notice that in the commitment phase we no longer agree on an a based on what the server sends to the client the client server must agree on the ring element a a priori to the entire protocol moreover we've had to introduce some new error distributions specifically we're going to have this error distribution green um and this error distribution in violet so the error distribution in violet is going to be the same as the distribution that we sample keys from and this is a Gaussian distribution with standard deviation parameters sigma and then we have this green error distribution which has a standard deviation parameter of sigma prime where sigma prime is chosen large enough that any sample from the green error distribution drown samples from the uh violet error distribution and the key distribution and finally um the encode function which I mentioned before is going to be instantiated using the banergy piker ring lwe based pseud random function from crypto 2014 and I'll note here that um the output of that pseud random function is going to be truncated in the sense that it's going to be um a single ring element secondly the zero knowledge proofs um now that we introduced there's going to be three different zero knowledge proofs and there's going to be one for the server setup message in the commitment phase there's going to be one for the client's message and there's going to be another for the server's message essentially we need to do uh use these knowledge proofs in order to ensure that the client and server messages throughout the protocol are well um constructed um and so that in the final security proof the simulator that we use can extract the secret inputs that both the malicious um clients and servers use and what I should note though is that these zero knowledge proofs can be instantiated using um newly discovered methods by yang etau and buelins from crypto 2019 and eurocrypt 2020 respectively and that the war buelins methods um specifically are quantum random oracle model compatible which enables us to situate our security proof in the quantum random oracle model as well I'm not going to talk about exactly how these uh zone knowledge proofs are constructed as their constructions are very heavily involved but I would encourage you to see the paper specifically section four if you'd like to learn more details so firstly um going back to the original construction uh in the offline phase now the server constructs its message in exactly the same way but also appends this to a knowledge proof pi zero uh which attests to the um the construction of the message that the server gives that the client can then verify in the online phase again the client constructs its message in the same way except now the client samples um errors from this vital error distribution which is the smaller error distribution and also sends this pi one which attests to the construction of the message and the server then can verify it and finally uh the server sends again the same message and this pi two um proves that the server in zone knowledge that the server has used the same key k in this message and in the original commitment to see correctness holds due to exactly the same argument because the actual format of the messages um has not changed beyond um using these different error distributions and I'm going to talk now why these uh using these different error distributions is fine even in the correctness argument so recall that the client's protocol output is this uh rounded uh ring element yx which is equal to uh ax multiplied by k plus this error term all rounded with respect to this modulus p which is chosen much smaller than the uh ring lwe modulus q so the veracity of our correctness argument is actually based on the computational hardness of the one dimensional short integer solution problem how this works broadly is that we can show um quite easily the due to sampling all of these error terms and keys and uh secrets from short distributions we can bound the size of this error term with high probability within this boundary within these boundaries of minus t and t and then note that for for correctness not to hold we'd need a coefficient of ax k to be within minus t and t of a rounding boundary um because in doing so um if ax k was close to this rounding boundary then adding on this error term would push it over a rounding edge and would lead to a correctness error in order to use the hardness of one dsis in our correctness argument we essentially show that if any coefficient of ax k was in this set so it was within minus t to t of a rounding boundary then an adversary could solve the one dsis problem secondly so once correctness is argued we then need to uh focus on malicious security so we need to show that there's a simulator that can interact with the ideal vopf functionality and simulate the real protocol to any malicious server or client so essentially how our security proof works is that the client um or the server in a malicious sense sends the message and providing that the zero knowledge proof that the adversary constructs does verify the the simulator can extract the secret inputs from those zero knowledge proofs using the knowledge extraction property of those um of those proof objects and once it extract those inputs it can simply forward them on to the ideal functionality and learn an output from that functionality and then it it just has to create the remaining messages so firstly the messages that the simulator creates can be made indistinguishable based on the hardness of the ring lwe problem in the sense that the messages in the protocol should all be randomly distributed ring elements secondly in order to finish off this security proofs we need to prove that the correct outputs are learned both in the client and in the server case and again we lean on the hardness of the 1dsis problem and note that if any zero knowledge proofs fails at any time then the simulator simply aborts and that would be exactly the same as in the real protocol as well so this simulator for both malicious clients and servers simulates the real world exactly based on the computational hardness of these problems finally i should know that the malicious client proof actually only holds in the average case in the sense that it only holds on the server sample with its key from a ring lwe hard distribution so with now our construction given we'd like to talk through the efficiency of our protocol and some of the parameter settings we have to make in order to inform how close we are to being able to realise a post quantum voprf for some of the applications that i highlighted previously so firstly drawing attention now to some of the exact parameter settings that we make for our our lattice-based foundations the things i'd like to draw attention to are the super polynomial q and sigma prime that we have to use in order to realise our construction so this is a barrier quite a significant barrier to realising the fish and construction and we require doing this in order to meet two guarantees so the first is that the pseudo random function that we use underlying our protocols of the banner g pike at pseudo random function requires a super polynomial sized modulus q in order to achieve security in the for the ring lwe problem so that's one invariant and the second is that in order to realise this noise drowning approach in order for the server to hide its secret key k in the response to the client we must also use a very wide error distribution which again then forces our eventual modulus q to be a super polynomial in size so in terms of concrete sizes based on those asymptotic settings if we want to realise 128 bits security then roughly speaking we'll need a q that's 256 bits long and we'll need quite a large dimension parameter n in order to realise that and that essentially results in ring elements that are 0.5 megabytes in size and given that the client's server both exchange a ring element then this will lead to at least one megabyte of communication however that's ignoring the zero knowledge proofs and instantiating the zero knowledge proofs using for example the proof system of yang et al we would require essentially two to the 40 bits of communication per repetition and while with our parameter sizes we can reduce the repetitions quite substantially to around two in order to achieve a secure protocol two to the 40 bits of communication is going to be in the order of hundreds of gigabytes and so our protocol is very clearly not going to be anywhere near efficient enough to run for the applications that I highlighted note however that in a practical setting you would probably try and instantiate these proofs using snarks or Starks although we haven't done the research into how exactly that would how that would work and again for our parameter settings we highlight some more of these details in section 5.3 so clearly our protocol is not going to be practical enough and one of the major reasons for that is the zero knowledge proofs so in the paper we highlight some possible ways of optimising our protocol in order to reduce or remove some of the zero knowledge proofs that we use so firstly we should note that in the commitment phase it may be possible to use a trapdoor during element a instead of a zero knowledge proof because essentially we use this commitment in order to extract the server's input key k and using a trapdoor ring element would allow that. Secondly we may be able to remove completely the server's zero knowledge proofs ekp2 in its response message to the client using a cut and choose based approach where the client would send multiple queries and the server would evaluate the same via preference each of those queries and the client would then choose a subset of the responses and check that they are well formed so obviously this comes at the expense of sending larger client queries which may or may not work depending on the application and finally while we only presented a protocol for a single query we should note that actually a server can generate a single zero knowledge proof instance for multiple client queries and so the client could send n vopf queries and the server could send n responses with only a single zero knowledge proof attest into the fact that they all contain an evaluation using the same secret key k as is committed to in the commitment phase. So with those optimisations in mind we can then compare our protocol with the previous designs so firstly the the yarychia tau construction in the classical setting is very small in the sense that the concrete communication cost is around 128 bytes in terms of the caveat that it's only secure in the random oracle model. Moving on to the post quantum construction so the one of bone a tower for major crypt 2020 has a concrete cost of around two two megabytes which is obviously much much bigger than the classical setting but is still possibly within the realms of practicality and this construction is is post quantum secure based on the hardness of problems in the isogeny base setting. Then our construction in the ring ldwe setting our concrete costs are kind of like one megabyte so one ring element between the client server and then one ring element back but we should highlight that all of these costs come with the caveat that we must include zero knowledge proofs to ensure that both the client and the server are acting honestly and these zero knowledge proofs cause much much bigger communication costs. With those comparisons in mind I'd just like to highlight some of the conclusions of the work and then some of the open problems which we think require solving. We can now build post quantum vopfs using or assuming the hardness of well known lattice based problems so this complements the results of bone a tower however all all post quantum proposals currently including ours suffer from very expensive costs due to the zero knowledge proofs that are required and also the large parameter settings which are required to ensure security. So in terms of future work we think it would be really valuable to realise a more efficient post quantum vopfs in order to potentially realise some of the applications that are highlighted in the internet setting. So the first thing that we think would be really valuable would be to reduce or remove all the zero knowledge proofs while trying to still ensure verifiability in order to reduce some of the parameter settings removing the noise drowning approach which we used to highlight how the server needs to protect its key in the response to the client and also using potentially a more efficient pseudo random function alternative to the Banerjee piker construction from 2014 may allow us to use a polynomial size modulus q which would then would significantly reduce the size of the ring elements that the client service and between each other. So one thing I haven't highlighted is the potential for using generic methods such as garbled circuit based approaches or other secure computation mechanisms for constructing vopfs between two parties to do a detailed comparison between these custom based approaches on based around isogenes and ring lwe or other lattice based foundations with these generic methods to see in the long term which is going to be the most efficient way of constructing these protocols with post quantum security. So just to finish I'd like to thank you for listening to our talk please do get in touch with any of the authors if you have any questions and I'd like to thank the organisers of pkc for allowing us to speak thank you


Just to describe emotions wise, seeing Tyree put that shot off and how did it get going? Yeah, I mean it was a lot of smiles in the locker room and I'm gonna go back one possession, Megan, where 16 seconds on the clock, I think somewhere around there he penetrates to the middle, hits Utah in the corner for the corner three and then for us to what happened was I really drew up to play for Kevin. We knew they had a time out file to give. Drew up for Kevin. Kevin communicated that they're probably going to trap him and so we switched Kevin and Ky. Ky was ready for it. He said he wanted it, zipped him to the top and he did what he does. It's unbelievable. Great shot. He told me before during pregame that poise was going to be really, really important. How did you describe the poise that he showed you tonight, especially with being down 18 late in the second, middle of the eighth or one, you have an amazing third quarter and still fighting for it. Yeah, it's unbelievable. I think that was a huge little stretch for us to get to 10 at halftime. I thought we felt good about ourselves that we didn't play very well, we could play harder. So then we came out in third quarter and really responded. I thought to, you know, give awards out for different segments of the game. Nick Claxton was unbelievable in the third quarter. His ability to contain the basketball, to protect the rim for us. He contested a shot from Van Fleet at the top of the three and then came all the way back to rebound. So a lot of good from a lot of guys. A lot of good. I mean, Nick ends up with six blocks. Yeah. You two coming in, having a great shooting night against his whole team. You just talk about, I guess, how many different parts have to go in to get in and win this game. A lot, Brian. You know, I think end of the second, I think I subbed all five guys out. And so we went with a new five, which was, we hadn't done that really before. We're just trying to find guys who was ready to compete and play hard. And we finished the half going only down 10. It's tough to find the right combinations. That's going to be the equation. You know, Seth doesn't play as much. Cam didn't play as much. We wrote TJ a little bit. When small at the end took Ben out the game, you to hit the corner three. So it's definitely a puzzle. I don't mind messing around with it throughout the course of the game. Great challenge, but guys are always ready to play. And that's, that's what we want to get to. Your numbers call be ready to play. What is it about Kyrie's personality that allows him to say, Hey, I got it. And then take the shot and bring it. He definitely has a inner peace and poise that you have to have at that situation to not panic. And he has an innate ability to get to his spot. And he wanted to rise up. He created space with balance. And to be a guy of his size to be able to do that against bigger guys, smaller guys, pretty innate. It's tough to sweep any team any year, especially in two months. How would you describe the challenge of what you guys just accomplished? Yeah, more than physical, Nick, the mental piece of that thing of not come into this game because we've seen them in different forms. And so for us to answer the bell and all those forms and tonight, easy Trent Junior doesn't play at the beginning of the game. So are we going to relax even more knowing OG is not playing, then Van Flee comes out and it's playing unbelievable. They have a lead. How are we going to respond to that thing? So to take a team like this who is world old, play hard, make you react for us to, to, I don't know, to get four games against them. Pretty impressive with this group. I hope they they realize how impressive that is from a mental standpoint.


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My name is War Ear Boswell, designer. You're at my offices in downtown Los Angeles. I've been commissioned by 1800 Tequila to create a refined ensemble from raw pieces that I'm sourcing from all over the city. It's for a red carpet event. Millions of people are gonna be watching. I wish I could tell you who it's for. He's a professional basketball player and a rising star. I am under a very strict timeline. I have two and a half weeks to make it come together. I come from a family that is rich in love, not necessarily finance. It was like, you're out of college, you're an adult, you gotta figure it out. So with the help of family and friends, pretty much just called out to the university and was like, I wanna make clothes, I want it to completely sustain my lifestyle and it's trajectory. Here we are. I've been blessed to have a really diverse spectrum of fine-tale, LeBron James, Ellen DeGeneres. Traditionally, at these types of events, people are wearing suits, we're gonna do something different. Oh, we're on our way to one of my resources. Jack has a bunch of military surplus from all different decades, all different countries. So what are you looking for? I'm looking for some fabric that you had at the Rose Bowl. The Belgian Congo, yes. I mean, you're looking for it? As much as you can. Oh, wow. No, we have enough. That's what I'm doing. These are the Belgian Congo camo. Perfect. The thing that I found so unique about the camouflage is that it's different from the camouflage you see here in the US. You could put it in a frame and it could be a piece of art. It looks more like a painting. A lot of people call this a brush stroke. This pattern is basically from the 50s. Definitely history. Plenty of them. Incredible. These are their battle fatigues. So they're very thick. I'm going to have to silicone wash them first and hopefully that will loosen them up. I put a silicone wash on it and that didn't give it the softness that I need. That doesn't work. You got to do a stone wash. And then from there, it's starting to come around finally and be the type of flowy material that I needed to be. I wanted something that would make a statement. The pant is cropped. So this pant sits on top of that boot. It's comfortable and stylish all in one. One piece down, two pieces to go.