back this is Dave Vellante and we're here at the EIC it's the MIT event the workshop on cybersecurity and governance and really the gap between international relations and advancements in cyber cyberspace I'm here with Charlie Senate of the Global Post and Jeff Kelly Charlie I want to start with you a founding editor of the Global Post it's how many years in now five years five years to the day January right it was early early in the year I remember that so first of all congratulations thanks it's just absolutely amazing property that you guys have have developed I mean the vision when I first talked to you about the global post you basically said we are gonna basically cover like BBC covers except from a US perspective but around the globe right and that's what you've successfully done I remember you were traveling like crazy you still travel like crazy but you basically signed up correspondence in how many countries we we had about 50 correspondents approximately when we started out we now have 70 correspondents in 50 countries not all of them full-time only only about 18 or full-time but we have basically tried to develop a network sort of confederacy of the great correspondents who are out there who are all underemployed and in many cases before us were unemployed from the old news organizations that have cut down on their foreign coverage we've been really fortunate to pick up a lot of great young talent even some some real veteran correspondence and build a great team and our editors in Boston are also great we really have an impressive team so what's happening in in your business I mean you're talking about the large media properties cutting down on their foreign coverage I mean obviously we all know well what's happening in in that business and advertising revenues and so forth is just there wasn't the appetite for for international coverage I mean you guys are aren't you proving that that's not the case I don't know if we're proving that's not the case because we have a much more stealth model of coverage so we can afford to put these correspondents all over the world the old model of the great newspapers like the one I work for the Boston Globe New York Times the Washington Post the idea that they would fund correspondence would be some of their most senior reporters to live overseas and then do a parachute model you have one regional correspondent and that correspondent would fly into each country where a crisis was happening or an earthquake interesting diplomatic event or whatever that model was really expensive so we we we recognize that I did that for years I was lucky enough to get to do that was a lot of fun no but then what happened was the internet came along it really challenged traditional media in a lot of ways commercially you know as we all know the newspapers had they really saw the internet come in and eat their lunch I mean it took away classified ads it changed the model presented great economic challenges for the old school news organizations newspapers first now network television I think is undergoing some of the similar strains and as a result what they did is they really scaled back on their foreign operations we saw that as an opportunity when the Boston Globe New York Newsday Baltimore Sun Chicago Tribune all these great old newspapers shut down their foreign bureaus including my alma mater Boston Globe we thought well wow let's start a new digital news organization fully online and we'll build a team of correspondents around the world so that's what we've done we've been at it for five years we've been recognized in the industry we've won the poke award the Peabody award we've won the overseas press club awards and we've we've shown I think that we can punch above our weight class just by having great correspondents who live in the countries they cover that's the key so no more parachuting in these are correspondents who live there typically who speak the language or at least we really look for that you know we're trying to just just change the model well you're you're a rockstar Charlie and you're very modest about this week you always talk about tech athletes right Jeff on the QB you're like a geopolitical I mean you've been I mean with really bad legs that are going but you know you got shoulder problems but Afghanistan Iraq now the cool thing is with Global Post you do some really interesting projects I mean you were essentially you know just did Egypt frontline yeah that was an amazing program I mean I watched my jaw open you did a stint in Burma I want you to talk about that yeah nonprofit model that you have going you just got back from Nigeria yeah right so let's let's actually let's start with the whole sort of nonprofit thing that you have going and what you did in yeah well so for five years Global Post has been out there we're a for-profit company we've really tried to develop revenue streams the primary one being online advertising we have some other streams including syndication that are important but basically we've tried to come at this as we want to be self-sustaining we want to be profitable about two years ago I began to also add a different kind of approach to sustaining our coverage which is to go after foundation support so I went after some money from the Ford Foundation from the Loose Foundation from the Kaiser Foundation and they were very receptive to us because they see a news organization that's trying to be self-sustaining so therefore won't have our handout forever and that this would be something to fund and get behind so much like Ford Foundation would fund National Public Radio they saw no conflict in funding a startup that is not yet profitable that's trying to get there and that's we're well on our way but we really want to have greater ambitions than what we could afford where we are right now in the business so we were able to raise this money and and that has allowed us to do a lot of in-depth reporting investigative reporting that we otherwise couldn't afford and a lot of reporting on important social justice issues that are not classically the kinds of things that you know corporate advertising wants to get behind these are these are the toughest issues of the day that we can go at and a secondary and really important part of this is we get to have fellowships and train the next generation of foreign correspondence so we've gotten some funding to really do that that's what took us to Burma that's what took us to Egypt first when we did the big fellowship there and we're doing a sort of not unlike the Cube we're trying to do these pop-up newsrooms all around the world where we go into a really complicated story we put a lot of talented young people on the ground we surround them with mentors editors you know video editors photo editors writing editors and then we try to get them to work together so we had ten Burmese correspondents and ten American correspondents interested in Burma working together covering Burma also several several weeks yeah culminating with Ansan Suchi coming and speaking to the group and we did a sit-down interview with her which was excellent and really exciting to be in a country that's so much in the news such an important country to understand well you talk about this you know undercovered this whole notion of cyber security in the governance gap it's it's really not covered I know in our industry and certainly not yours it's an interesting intersection it is love to figure out a way to to collaborate here and John Ferrier you know launched the Silicon Academy with that sort of vision in mind you've got you know your thing going and it's just there's a real I think need for coverage here I completely agree this has been an incredibly eye-opening day one to watch Wikibon and the Cube in action and you I got to say I've been on a lot of television shows you really have it you have that ability to engage get people talking so I really you know I mean that you know I'd give you a hard time if I could but I think that seriously this model is sort of stealth model of coming in and covering conferences where these really big ideas are being discussed is exciting I think it's a lot like what we're trying to do on a news organization side of things specifically at this conference as an editor I'm stunned how little we know about this like we are not following cyber security closely enough think how many resources we put behind covering national security without having someone is really looking at cyber security which is increasingly the whole ballgame so I think I've learned a lot here today I've learned that we've got to pay a lot more attention to this topic I think there's a lot of potential to do good in-depth reporting around the world on this issue of governance and who owns the internet who's going to control it who's going to be the policeman Google now I know you got to go but so you got a story I want you to share about you guys got hit for you coverage covering Syria with critical eye so what happened look Syria is probably the most dangerous assignment in my lifetime I've covered Iraq that's a lot your lifetime I you know I reported in Lebanon I've reported the two Intifadas I reported in Medellin Columbia the troubles in Northern Ireland Iraq Afghanistan Syria is really a black hole as you know we have a correspondent still missing Jim Foley is still missing over there we've taken big risks a lot of courageous reporting to be in Syria as a result we've done some very good reporting and as a result we became a target so once you start punching in that way class where you're actually breaking some news about the regime and human rights abuses and chemical weapons use they start to come at you and we experienced this so the Syrian electronic army targeted global post I guess you could take it as a strange badge of honor they went after the New York Times as well and you know they had some effect we're a small news organization and I think we all would say collectively that we weren't paying enough attention to our own security so I've also learned a lot here today about sort of how even little guys like us small news organizations how we need to be much more attentive and I think we learned that the hard way our team recovered beautifully I've got to say they really were on it we quickly had to take care of we quickly instituted a multi-step security process to try to prevent that from ever happening again but lesson learned and we have a I'm sure we have a lot more lessons to learn okay but you would largely we're on your own right I mean it's not like you could go to some government agency or some police force and say hey well I think you can call in government agencies you know and and many news organizations including ours do you identify you do notify sure what happens you don't really know well you're sort of when you're walking down but I think they offered some practical advice I do think there was some practical advice that's what I'm curious over your long career yeah obviously we cover technology here enterprise tech but just in general not just enterprise but consumer tech technology of all sorts how is that impacted foreign journalism both as a topic to cover and also as how you do your job well I mean it's changed the game completely because now the barrier for entry to own your own news organization is lower than it's ever been in the history of man right I mean you don't have to own a printing press you don't have to own a network you can build a constellation of really talented correspondence and you can then go out and get a URL and you can go online and you can have your team and you can be up and running funding has been the great challenge that the the hardest thing in with all the technology advances is how do we find the right business model to sustain in-depth coverage of the caliber that we want to have that's something we're thinking through every day and we've we've sort of veered as Dave pointed out we've veered a little bit towards this hybrid model where we're going for online advertising but we're also looking at foundation support we want to be a very nimble we want to think about this from as many angles as we can I think you know more practically speaking from the field it's incredible what what you can do now in terms of being wired into a story while you're on the story so I used to have to do you know like the old-fashioned exercise of going down into the library of the Boston Globe what they called the morgue where they kept the clips remember when people would be down there cutting clips they had a whole team physically clipping and I used to have to photocopy all the clips and then jump on a plane with a big fat stack of paper and go try to figure it out and I I can remember very very memorably in 1993 not that long ago covering the first World Trade Center bombing and doing all those clips and then leaving for the Sudan where some of the attackers in the first World Trade Center bombing were from without realizing we were on to nascent al-Qaeda but having a little tiny photocopy of a clip that mentioned that there was a scion of a construction company named Osama bin Laden who may have financed this operation but that's impossible to clip one on to say because he was with the CIA working with the Mujahideen in the war against the Soviets in Afghanistan so the good guys yeah the idea of clips is so recent I can still feel them in my hand what I do now in the field is I'm in touch with a Twitter feed for example you compare my early days of reporting on what became known as al-Qaeda to the Arab Spring where I was on the ground in Egypt a lot I was there for most almost the entire revolution in Egypt in Tahrir Square and I could be on a live Twitter feed with this phone and I'm tapped into you know 50 60 excellent bloggers citizen journalists inside Tahrir Square watching what they're discussing and pinging around and these were the people who made this revolution happen these were the Thomas Paynes if you will of their revolution and all of that available on a phone all of it available just by going you know straight online hijacking some wireless or going 3G and running up my data bill but getting getting the feeds right that's amazing to take it even further I can do a video with this photo audio recordings we can put them up right under an FTP and we're off to the races in terms of multimedia so technology advances are so breathless these days that I think most news organizations including ours we can't really even keep up with them they're literally changing every month so smaller news organizations may have a benefit in this foot race because we're not wedded to one big fat technology like broadcast television or the printed product and I think in the long run we're gonna do well in this race because we can be nimble we can shift but we're gonna have to remember to keep doing that I think there might be an algae here with startups that can now get on well and start a company because of you know AWS or the cloud they don't need to last rock fights Charlie so accomplished it's really been a pleasure working today great coming on all right the planes are backing up here we're live at MIT right back after this word this is the cube


Live from New York, it's the Cube. Covered, Big Data NYC 2015. Brought to you by Hortonworks, IBM, EMC, and Pivotal. Now your host, Dave Vellante and George Gilbert. Welcome back to the Big Apple, everybody. This is the Cube, where we go out to the events. We extract the signal from the noise. We're here at Strada and Hadoop World. This is our sixth year doing Hadoop World. This is our event, within the event, Big Data NYC. Amit Balia is here. He's the Chief Product Officer at Informatica. Welcome back to the Cube. Good to see you. Thank you. Good to be here in New York City. I wasn't at Informatica World last year, although I happened to be in Vegas doing a different show. But I did actually remember you now from the interviews. It was a great show. You guys had a lot of great customer stories. What's your story this week in Big Data? Well, it's an area that we've been investing in a lot the last couple of years. And so we're actually taking it a step further. So we just announced, by the way, a million dollar contest for our customers.  You can do a lot of stuff now. You know, we're excited about Big Data. Of course, we've been the pioneers in terms of helping Big Data ecosystems get a lot more operationalized with our customers, right? Because, you know, helping Data move there for them to be able to scale it, operationalize it, do the stuff they really want to do. So we're actually coming on the core tails of a big launch for us in Big Data. And November we'll announce a brand new product. We basically have spent the last 12, 18 months, you know, kind of taking the current products to a whole new level. And we are giving our customers, as I said, a million dollars of products or services to get them what we call Big Data ready. Truly get the value out of Big Data.  So when disruptive technologies come out and it's conventional wisdom that the new stuff is going to replace the old stuff and the guys who have been around for a while are in all in big trouble. And, you know, that was probably true back in the mini computer days, you know, when the guys like Digital and Wang and all my colleagues on the East Coast just sort of ignored the microprocessor trend. It's not the same today. The larger companies, the established companies, they read the tea leaves better. They're able to, they've architecting products, since it's really a product question, that can adapt. So I wonder if you could take us back to when the early Doop days, and you heard it all, oh, Informatica screwed, and the same thing with Oracle and Teradata and everything else. Yes, you have challenges, you have headwinds, but you've evolved. You've evolved the product architecture, you listen to customers, and you're actually succeeding in, for a number of reasons. But just from a product standpoint, how challenging was that? How did you adapt? I don't know if you could take us back. Yeah, I think it's a little down the history lane, right? So one of the things that we realized early on is that, see, one thing that we do is we help our customers go through any kind of technology change, without really having to re-archinate everything at their end. We take that complexity within our product. So when Hadoop started in its early days, the use cases were still getting formalized, people could take the existing product and somehow jam stuff through it to solve the early use cases, because the early use cases were getting formed. But we know all the customers were trying to use Hadoop, or the large customers that we worked with them to understand what really are they trying to do. And that led us actually to step back and say, you know what, let's not try to retrofit something that exists in our product, because it's kind of like, do you want to remodel or build a new house? And we actually said, no, remodeling won't work. What we have works very well in the traditional workloads, data warehousing. We went back to the drawing board and started building something from scratch. And that was a big fork in the road for us, because typically large companies, legacy companies, try to continue what they have and hope everything conforms to it. And we took down the path that no, go build something brand new, which leverages the best of the past, what we had in our products, but build something from Hadoop. And from there we started with what we call a big data addition. And today we're taking it a step further in November, the launch I talked about, where we're going to unveil a big data management framework, a product in that, that not only covers classic integration, but taking it a step further because big data is a wall to talk about governance, security, because those are the big issues in big data. When I talk to customers and I've spent my last three days here talking to at least a dozen customers, they're done with, okay, I want to move data in, but I'm trying to solve something where security of that data is important, governance of that data is important, so I can solve a financial services use case or a healthcare use case. So we went ground up totally new and a completely foot end to end, you know, platform which then allows customers to continue down their innovation journey without having to worry about piecemeal products. It was a start-up play, essentially. It's basically incubated, actually, like a start-up. Incubated a small team and gave them almost like VC dollars to go at it. So you still have what all the upstarts wish they had, which was a big customer base. And you can take your customers step by step into the future. And when you talk about security and governance, it's essentially helping Hadoop become the new trusted platform that a data warehouse had, you know, took many years to become. What do you see them trying to do once Hadoop is that new trusted platform? Not replacing the data warehouse complimenting it. What's that journey look like after that point? Yeah, and I think you basically articulated it very well. So I'll give you some examples of customers and what they're trying to do. Take Western Union. It's a great customer of ours. And Western Union is not taking the classic data where I was saying it says I'm going to rip and replace and move to Hadoop. What they're trying to do with Hadoop is they do money transfers, right? But just imagine the amount of fraud detection we have to do with that. The scale of data that's coming in to do fraud detection. Wrong money from wrong person to wrong hands. And that's the kind of problem they're solving that is not a data warehousing problem. That's a data at scale problem. So that is a problem they're solving. And they went with Cloud Era and us and we, by the way, we were already there in the traditional data warehousing environment. And they had trust in us. And they said, look, you can help us bridge this gap. So that's the kind of problem they're solving there. Take another healthcare company. They're trying to solve the same thing in a way where they have a lot of customer data, client data. They also have clinical data coming from the doctor's devices. So much volume of data that is they want to put it in their Hadoop ecosystem to do analytics to make sure can they make their hospitals more operationally efficient. Can they make sure they can cut the doctor's moves from a patient to another, make it much more efficient. That kind of stuff is what I call data at scale problems. But productivity, fraud, you know, all kinds of improvement that is not necessarily data warehousing. That's where customers are going. And that's where they need the help from us because we understand those data problems and now we can do them at scale for them. Yeah, so customers, sort of enterprise customers' attitudes, they don't change just because it's a new technology. You mentioned governance, you mentioned security. The problems that you were talking about are the problems that they always have wanted to solve. The difference now is data. I wonder if you could talk about that change because it used to be data. Oh, I got so much data. It's a problem. I got to manage it. That's still the case, but the opportunity has overwhelmed that. I wonder if you could talk about that dynamic. So take a great example of how the world has changed. Talk about security. Security is a solved problem on the infrastructure side. Network security, endpoint security. We all know those products. I used to work at a security company before, know that very well. But as you just talked about, with the growth of data, especially in the world of Hadoop, now the problem is, geez, I have a lot of data and I'm collecting more of it, which means sensitive data is growing. And I want more and more people to access that for them to be able to do something worthwhile from it so the organization can benefit. But that creates a huge security risk at the data level. And that is a problem that none of the traditional security products can solve. So we basically went back to the drawing board and said, look, that's a problem that we need to solve for our customers for big data to be operational. So we as a data company brought a data security product to market, secured source, launched it at RSA, won the best new product award. And again, that's where customers are like, hey, if I have all my data in Hadoop, I better understand my exposure, my risk who's touching it. That's not a network security problem. That's not a mobile security problem. That's a data security problem. So another way of looking in the world of big data security changes, governance changes, right? So those are the kind of things that we are solving in a new way. One thing that we hear from chief data officers, what might be their biggest pain point is with the proliferation of platforms, there's proliferation of the data, like the copies itself. And so they, you know, again a part of making data trusted. If there's so many more copies, how can Informatica help sort of keep everything in sync so that they know it's still righteous? So that is one of the use cases of secured source. So what we do is that, look, you have a lot of data that's coming into, let's say in this case, I want all data to go into a data lake, whatever you want. You want to use reservoir, whatever people want. Now from there, I want people to access that to make test copies, dev copies, or even accessing it. So the tailored source allows you to have a single pane of glass to understand what kind of data is in the lake, who is accessing that data from the lake if that's the moniker you want to use. So it's kind of like taking data as an atomic level and adding context around it. So if somebody like me makes 10 test copies, that product will tell you right away. And then it'll also tell you the risk exposure you have. And if you allow them to do it, it also allow you to put any control like, hey, you know what, just mask it for me. I'm a tester, I want to take it just. So that's what, that's the problem with Informatica not being a security company, realized when we heard from customers and said, you know what, for this to get operation at scale, we need to bring data security to our customers and that's what we did. I want to ask you about life as a private company. We've had Michael Dell in the Cube a number of times and it was really interesting. Last time we were at Dell World to talk about life as a private company and he would talk, he of course sees this CEO chairman and talks about the changes. We were also talking about incubating, you know, start up. Is life as a private company, how is it different? Do you measure things differently? Do you spend your time differently? Is the culture somewhat changed? I wonder if you could talk about that a little bit. I'd give the example like this. Silicon Valley folks will understand, right?  And unlike the unicorns which are billion dollar by market cap, we are billion dollar by revenue. So we are some kind of a mega unicorn if you may call it. A deca-corn. Whatever. We should probably coin a new word. No. So life for us is we went private for the sake of growth. I mean, the Permira and CPBIB that took us private invested half of the value of the company as their own investment. One of the largest private equity investments ever in the world attack. And Salesforce and Microsoft also joined in as strategic investors. It's a pure growth story. We are looking to solve three things. We believe we stand at the cusp of amazing opportunity in the world of data, right? We've grown significantly. A, we can let our customers choose whatever business model they want to choose. Perpetual license, subscription. We can go through that change away from the wall strip, right? Makes it easy. Giving customer the choice.  We can actually invest as you talked about, right? Picking the areas we want to invest for the long term and make those bets without having to worry about short term results. Sometimes, you know, it's kind of, we can be, we're not a Google. We're not an Apple, but we can take those risks because we believe the opportunity there is very big. And the third one is there is a huge opportunity for our employees in this, right? Because the value properties we can accelerate are obviously growth in terms of multiplying our equity.  Yeah, I mean, it's very important. I mean, a company in a transition, you know what to do.  And, but a lot of times Wall Street, you know this, George, won't let you make those bets. There's so much noise and then, you know, shareholder advocates so-called come in. And so, but the beauty of being a private company is you can essentially write your own narrative and focus on the things that you want to focus on. When you try to do that as a public company, a lot of times, nobody listens because there's an overwhelming amount of noise. Focus on the quarter. Yeah, and it's a focus on the quarter. I mean, although I tell the reps, they still have to close the quarter. But, you know, we don't have to worry about closing the quarter in an artificial way. As I said, let the customers take a choice of what they want to do. We have to bring great technologies to bear, solve customers' use cases, and the customers are good. And they have shown confidence in us.  I'm sure your executive spent a lot of time with Wall Street, but has there been a positive ripple effect in terms of just time spent on the business versus talking to investors? Well, I mean, look, I'm a product guy. I love building great products, solving customer use cases. For me, it allows me to kind of do a lot of good stuff, but you're right. I mean, it allows us to kind of take the long-term view that necessarily getting caught up in the short term. Because, you know, the long-term, if you're placing the right bets, has a much bigger multiplier effect. Yeah. Just in terms of products and placing long-term bets, and you talked about security, one of the things that we see is this convergence between getting the operational data and performing the analytics on it. The old model was, you know, we went through this pipeline and it was kind of batch-oriented. And now it's, the value is in squeezing that amount of time to as short as possible. Absolutely. What's, what are your thoughts on that? What are your directions? No, real-time. I mean, so think about this way. When we think of two big bets, big data and cloud. Those are the big areas where we, so we have four markets we think where we are investing. Big data, cloud, security, and master data management. In all of those markets, especially big data and cloud, it's the real-time, right? I want to bring in, if I, if I'm a customer, I want to understand where you are. What are you trying to do today?  And that's where, so we've always had real-time capabilities in our traditional product. And in fact, we are scaling those capabilities in the big data or cloud products because that's where the use case is a lot more real-time, whether it's giving you the next best offer or fraud, right? And think about, you want to make decisions real-time. So, without doubt, that's an area where we see a ton of investment and a ton of use cases, and that's where we are absolutely investing in the context of both big data and cloud. And obviously, security is applied because you, security is also, when you think of the world of data, when we solve real-time for those use cases, our security product definitely, derivatively benefits from that, right? Because it runs off the same platform and benefits from real-time understanding of the data. I mean, we're out of time, but I want to give you a chance for the last word, thinking from Informatica's perspective on sort of the bumper sticker of this year's Duke World. What's your takeaway? What's the bumper sticker say? Well, I mean, we've always, we've had the history and we continue on the history of being the company that is all things data for our customers. Whether it's big data, whether it's data in the cloud, whether it's still the data that sits in on-prem and legacy systems, whether it's data for security, whether it's data for mastering. We want to be that one place you go to be the data platform or the data fabric and allow our customers to solve their business problems while not worrying about underlying database technology, is application to take the best of breed, but what matters is the data. That's the livelihood of a company and that's what the problem is. All things data, I love it. Thanks very much for coming back to theCUBE. Well, thank you. Pleasure. All right, keep it right there, everybody. We'll be back with our next guest right after this word. This is theCUBE. We're live from the Big Apple, NYC, right back.


ng will be available. All of you that signed up will get an email, and it'll be on the National Academies website associated with the webinar. So I hope everyone has a great rest of the day and happy holidays to come and everyone say, stay, stay safe. Thanks panelists. Thanks committee members. And thanks to the academies for setting this up.


One rule in photography that you absolutely cannot break if you want your photograph to be successful. You are giving people an excuse to move on to the next picture. Only rule that we need to obey within photography is to keep the viewer looking at your photograph for as long as is possible. And that's where you use the ideas and the suggestions in composition to your advantage rather than sabotaging your image. This idea of circular composition that the eyes led from one thing to another to another to another and back to the start. So that the eyes constantly contained within the frame that you put together a composition that doesn't give the viewer a reason to disappear.


Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankarayesh Academy. Today is day 5 and the last day of Shankarayesh Academy's free main storming scholarship test or free main scholarship test. The question for today has been given in the last part of the analysis in this video. These are the list of articles taken for analysis from today's newspaper. It has been given along with the page numbers from the different editions of the newspaper. The link for the handed in notes in the PDF format and the timestamping of the discussed articles are provided in the description box and also in the comment section for the benefit of mobile phone viewers. Now let us move on to the analysis of first news article. This news article states that China has conducted high intensity naval exercises in South China Sea. It has worried its Asian neighbors and also United States of America. We also have a stake in this matter. So in this context we will discuss about South China Sea, the countries involved in this area. Then we will also see China's expansionism there and why India has to look into these developments. The syllabus relevant for the analysis is highlighted here for your reference. First let's understand this geography of South China Sea. See it is located in western Pacific Ocean. I will look at this map. From this you can understand that many players are here. For example the main stakeholders are China, Taiwan or Chinese Taipei, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, Philippines, Singapore and Indonesia. Of course as we know of them the most aggressive is China that has even started island building and island development and also naval patrolling in the disputed region. This is why countries such as United States, Australia, they accused China of militarizing the South China Sea. And as per official reports of United States government between December 2013 and October 2015, China has built artificial islands with a total area of close to 3,000 acres on seven coral reefs that it occupies in the Spratly Islands in southern part of South China Sea. And if you come to the present scenario, the scale and speed of China in these activities is increasing. Now coming to dispute in South China Sea, it refers to territorial dispute over the sovereignty of waters in South China Sea which includes numerous shoals, reefs, atolls and islands. Some of the important islands, Spratly Islands, Paracel Islands, Natuna Islands which is located in southern part of South China Sea. The dispute also involves energy rich Scarborough Shoal. Now if China occupies this Scarborough Shoal, it will provide China a better surveillance of United States and Philippine forces. And China also can intimidate by deploying missiles if it occupies this entire area of Scarborough Shoal. Among all the stakeholders, China claims the largest territory which it marks by nine red dotted lines. As you can see in this map called as Nine Dash Line. The line covers almost entire South China Sea. Going by this line, we can understand how China violates the United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea and how China follows aggressive expansionist policy. Know that China claims indisputable sovereignty over the areas inside the Nine Dash Line. Now why the region is heavily disputed? What is the significance of this region? See there are reports of large scale untapped oil and natural gas reserves in this region. So accessibility to the reserves will ensure energy security which is crucial for development of a particular country. And South China Sea is one of major shipping routes. Around 30% of world trade pass through this area. And it is in the route between the ports in Indian Ocean, the energy rich Middle East countries and the Asian countries. So you can go through this map to know how energy flows through the South China Sea. So it is clear that this region, it plays a crucial point for energy flowing from Persian Gulf and Africa. Two countries such as China, South Korea, Japan, Malaysia, etc. We already mentioned about the Nine Dash Line. In this regard, know that Philippines has a dispute with China over Spratly Islands. And it invoked the dispute settlement mechanism of Unclos in the year 2013. The matter was taken through Permanent Court of Arbitration. And Permanent Court of Arbitration stated that the Nine Dash Line has no legal basis. But China called this order null and void. And this is how China respects international rule based order and international institutions. So for more information on China-Pilippines dispute, we request the viewers to watch the relevant article analysis on 8th July 2020. So now to conclude this discussion, we can say that recent high intensity naval exercise by Beijing is further intensifying tensions in the region. And China should abide by the orders of Permanent Court of Arbitration and stop involving in building artificial islands with military installations in the South China Sea. Now there are two important reasons why India has to worry over the development in the region. Because Andaman and Nicobar Island's region is not far away from South China Sea. And the entire trade route which is now available and which was available to be specific is necessary for India for carrying out trade and other relations with various countries in the region and beyond. China occupies the region. The freedom of navigation will be affected not only for India but for all other countries as well. So countries has to find a way to put an end to arbitrary actions of China with zero concerns for international systems and the countries which are stakeholders in the region. With this we come to the end of analysis of this news article. Now let's move on to next article. This news article talks about a bill that is being enacted by the US National Legislature, the US Congress. The bill seeks to expand India-US cooperation in education sector and also in terms of cultural ties. We'll discuss important provisions of this bill and we will see how it seeks to cement the academic and cultural cooperation and also at some levels the people-to-people contact between India and United States of America. The syllabus relevant for the analysis is highlighted here for your reference. See this bill is called as Gandhi-King Scholarly Exchange Initiative Bill. It aims to establish a bilateral partnership for collaboration to advance development and shared values. In this regard the bill will create an exchange program between India and the United States to study the work and legacies of Magatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. We know that Martin Luther King Jr. was a human rights crusader and also a fighter against discrimination. Gandhi is followed across the globe for his vision which is guiding Indian foreign policy in the light of framing development partnerships. Gandhi once said, I do want to think in terms of whole world my patriotism includes the good of mankind in general. Therefore my service to India includes the service of humanity. So once the bill comes into force it will be known as Gandhi-King Scholarly Exchange Initiative Act. So one of the important provisions is to create a professional exchange program to be called as Gandhi-King Scholarly Exchange Initiative. In this initiative there will be an annual education forum for scholars from both the countries and this forum will meet or convene alternatively in the United States and in India. The forum will focus on social justice, human rights and civil rights. It will also focus on non-violence, democracy, refugee crisis. It will include representatives from various fields like from the side of government, from the side of non-governmental organizations, civil society, educational organizations, cultural groups, women's rights groups. Members will also include religious and ethnic minorities and marginalized communities as well. And this exchange initiative also seeks to create an undergraduate and post graduate student exchange program between the two countries. This program will focus on the study of history and legacies of the two leaders and under this program there will be visits to historic sites in India and United States. Here when we say historic sites it refers to sites which are integral to the American civil rights movement and also sites which are important for Indian independence movement. And this program supports research and development of papers on the importance of peace, non-violence and reconciliation or peaceful dispute resolution in current conflict regions. Then this act will create a Gandhi King Global Academy. This academy will be a professional development training initiative on conflict resolution tools which are to be based on principles of non-violence for which two leaders are known for. It will have a focus on the success of non-violent movements, inclusion and representation in conflict resolution. Now another important provision of the bill is to establish the US India Gandhi King Development Foundation. Now this foundation will be set up by US Agency for International Development shortly called as US Aid and the Government of India. As of now it is reported that this foundation is to be organized under the Indian law and not under the US laws. And the mandate of this foundation is to provide grants to non-governmental organizations that work in India particularly in the matters related to health, pollution and climate change, education and empowerment of women. For this purpose both the governments will convene a governing council to provide guidance and direction to this foundation. The majority of the members of this governing council will be appointed by the United States for a term of 5 years. This council will identify development priorities and it will also define criteria for awarding grants by the foundation. The foundation will have a proposed budget of up to 30 million for one financial year from 2020 through 2025. So these are some of the important aspects of this developing Gandhi King's scholarly exchange initiative bill. We saw few institutional arrangements of cooperation that the bill aims to establish to enrich the existing India-US relations in academic and cultural cooperation. Now let's move on to the analysis of next news article. This news article talks about a collaboration between the state government of Andhra Pradesh and Amazon Web Services. They may become partners for skilling and promotion of entrepreneurship and in digital governance of the state. Know that as we know Amazon is an American multinational technology company that focuses on e-commerce, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and several other areas as well. We in India mainly consider Amazon as an e-commerce company but know that the United States government has a partnership with Amazon in an important program called as Fairness in Artificial Intelligence. This initiative is expected to have direct impact on new artificial intelligence applications from driverless vehicles to banking algorithms. Now coming to Amazon Web Services. See it is a subsidiary of Amazon. This offers cloud computing services. The article also states that Andhra Pradesh government is already collaborating with Amazon for the empowerment of women entrepreneurs under a program called as Amazon Saheli. In this context let us see in brief about this program. See it is an initiative of Amazon. The purpose is to popularize locally made products from women entrepreneurs in India. It aims to enable women to become successful sellers on Amazon. The word Saheli in Hindi means a female friend.  Now let's see few benefits of joining this Amazon Saheli program. One is that the beneficiaries will be given subsidized referral fee. When we say referral fee it is a fee that Amazon charges from a seller. Every time she sells a product. Amazon gives relaxation to women entrepreneurs in this regard under this program. Next benefit is personalized training for a quick start in Amazon. This training will help the newcomer to know how to sell on Amazon to kickstart the business. Amazon account manager is to guide the women entrepreneur for first 30 days in respect of managing accounts other things related to selling online. Then Amazon will also provide imaging or professional product photo shoot and also cataloging support. Here cataloging we are referring to the process of listing sellers products, displaying the quantity, type, specifications, descriptions of products etc. Then another important benefit is increased customer visibility. The products from women entrepreneurs will be displayed in the Saheli store on Amazon.in platform and this will help in getting more visibility among customers. And finally Amazon will also provide marketing support to grow the brand of the newcomer. So these are some of the benefits associated with joining this Amazon Saheli in which state government of Andhra Pradesh is already collaborating. With this we come to the end of analysis of this news article. Now let's move on to next article. These editorials are with reference to the new national education policy 2020. Now yesterday's analysis we discussed the major highlights of the salient features of the new national education policy. Today we shall see expert opinions with reference to some of the features in this policy. See one of the editorials is authored by the director of IIT Madras. The syllabus relevant for the analysis of these articles is highlighted here for your reference. See the new national education policy proposes an overarching and transforming reforms in education sector and this is to replace the last national policy that is the national policy of education 1986. If we come to few important proposals of NEP in structural terms, one is to introduce early childhood education from age 3 then to provide board examinations twice in a year to help improve performance but of course this will also reduce the pressure that usually accumulates in the end of the academic year and there is also provision for making internal assessments more robust than before. Then moving away from road learning so as to improve mathematical skills for everyone then it also provides for a four year undergraduate degree system as well and another important provision is to create a single regulator called as Higher Education Commission of India which will have separate verticals for different functions. As per the 2020 policy school education starts at age 3 with pre-schooling or Anganwadi. So the policy recognizes the primacy of formative years from ages 3 to 8 in shaping this child's future and it also recognizes that ages 3 to 6 is crucial for the development of mental faculties in children. Now the policy also recognizes the importance of learning in child's mother tongue till at least class 5. This can also be understood as teaching can now be bilingual so as to facilitate the child to better understand in her or his comfortable language. Three options have been given it could be mother tongue or local language or regional language and Arthur notes that unfortunately this proposal of learning in child's mother tongue is against the strong desire of parents today. This is because the new millennium parents are reportedly exposing their children to English language from day one but here Arthur notes that between the ages 3 to 8 we have to blend the mother tongue and also English in the first five years of school. Because of three language formula when a child comes out of school she or he will be well versed in at least three languages two of which will be Indian languages. Know that at the level of school even more than three languages can be learnt by a student. Minimum is three. As a result of this focus on multilingual approach to education multilingual felicity or expertise could become the unique selling proposition of an educated Indian in the times to come. In one of the editorials the author feels that in a large and diverse country where there is high mobility or high movement the student should have the option to study the language that enables a transfer within the nation. English perform this rule because of historical factors. Here when we say historical factors we are relating to British rule. Now as we know here the choice of three languages will be that of states, regions and also of course of students and no languages to be imposed on any student. However in the existing scenario it depends and it will take time how the schools are going to cater to the language requirements of students. Some students may prefer different languages which may or may not be catered by the schools. Another important welcoming element in this policy is provisioning of an energy filled breakfast in addition to nutritious midday meal. This will help children to arrive school on time and with totality of time principle they will be able to achieve better learning outcomes. This will be particularly true for those children from disadvantaged households. And with reference to making education equitable and also inclusive there is provision for gender inclusion fund and the policy is to recognize and support accordingly the socially and economically disadvantaged children and also for disabled or differently abled children. And as we know the new policy aims to break the strict separation or division of arts, commerce and science streams in high school and it also introduces vocational courses with internship right from grade 6. Here Arthur notes that this might not be received well from the side of parents as they wish to stream their children into professions at the earliest and not to vocational streams or internships during schools. This is a problem with the mindset and a behavioral change and change in mindset in this regard is required. This has to be understood as the children will have hands-on experience and experimental learning with whatever they learn in school which will help them understand better and will also create curiosity. So we should also parallely overcome the attachment of low esteem to certain vocations in our society particularly from the side of parents. And as we saw yesterday this policy proposes a multidisciplinary higher education framework with portable credits with multiple entry and exits with certificates, diploma and degrees. This gives more flexibility. This removes the tagging of dropouts. This facilitates students who had challenges to come back to colleges after a break in education and with respect to higher education the policy envisages cross-enrollment ratio of 50% by the year 2035 which will need certainly crores of new seats and also private participation. Now coming to regulations of institutions, the policy sets in a single body with four verticals for standard setting funding, accreditation and regulation. The oversight is to be light but tight. For regulation purposes there will be a separate vertical called as National Higher Education Regulatory Council and this council is to act as an apex control organization and this idea of a single regulatory framework for entire India is bound to be resented from the side of states. Similarly a national body for aptitude tests that also have to convince the states about the need for such a body at the national level and the merits of the body. This is because education including technical education, medical education and universities subject to few entries in list one that is in union list. This comes under concurrent list therefore center definitely need to bring states into confidence in moving big policy changes. On one hand we are also seeing states are complaining that there was not enough discussion in bringing up this policy at the level of parliament. Since it comes under concurrent list definitely both the houses should have discussed this particularly at the level of council of states which is Rajashiva. Also note that in news column in today's newspaper there is a news which states that national education policy is still not available in public domain. This is because the ministry of education is still waiting for a written approval for the policy to come from the cabinet secretariat after the approval made by union cabinet recently. So when we get that policy document we can discuss with much clarity. One of the editorials note that among many imperatives the deadline to achieve universal literacy and numeracy by the year 2025 should be a top priority. This is because universal literacy and numeracy crucially determines progress at higher levels. We know that the policy prescribes a target to attain universal foundational literacy and numeracy in all primary schools for all learners by grade 3 and this is to be achieved by the year 2025. Whatever having said in the policy end of the day it depends on how much public spending is to be made for the entire processes as required. The policy sets a target of public spending by both center and states together at 6% of GDP. The number at present stands at around 4.4%. However given the present scenario present amount of tax collections and tax to GDP ratio and claims on National Exchequer from the side of healthcare from the side of national security. So achieving 6% of GDP for education might be a little bit tough. So this has to be handled appropriately in mobilizing funds and resources. Editorial notes that resources are actually never the main road block to success in education. When there is public and political will resources will find their way from both public and private sources. So now that the wish list is available in the policy public and political will is necessary to proceed forward to make use of the ingredients and the right recipe from the NEP 2020 what we make of these ingredients depends entirely on public and political leadership. So these are some of the important opinions given by the authors with reference to some features of NEP 2020 with this we come to the end of analysis of this discussion. Now let us move on to the analysis of next news article. This news article is with reference to a report titled as eradicating modern slavery and assessment of common wealth government progress on achieving SDG target 8.7. This report was released by Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative along with our in partnership with anti-slavery organization called us Walk Free. See Walk Free is an initiative of Mendergu Foundation. It is an international human rights organization that works to end modern slavery in the world. Now the report was released on the occasion of World Day Against Trafficking in Persons which is an initiative of United Nations and it is remembered or carried out on June 30th. Now coming to United Nations SDG target 8.7. See it is a target under the SDG goal decent work and economic growth.  Now when we say modern slavery it refers to situations of exploitation where in a person could not refuse or leave because of threats, violence, coercion, deception or abuse of power. Now let's come to brief points mentioned in the report. It states that one in every 150 persons in the Commonwealth is living in modern slavery and of around 4 crore victims of modern slavery in the world 40% of them they live in Commonwealth countries. One of the most important thing is that most governments in the Commonwealth do not have reliable and consistent data on the prevalence of different forms of slavery and COVID-19 has further increased vulnerability to modern slavery all around the world. And one another thing is that no country in the Commonwealth has yet enacted legislation for businesses or governments to carry out due diligence to assess modern slavery risks in their supply chains. Now with reference to India, the report states that caste based discrimination is one of the biggest problems because if you take among those persons who are victims of bonded labour, many are individuals from scheduled caste and scheduled tribes and know that India accounts for more than half the population of the entire Commonwealth. Still it had not yet developed an action plan to address modern slavery and also there is no national coordinating body or national action plan in place to combat modern slavery. Therefore the report states that India has the weakest response on this matter and also the government efforts to address bonded labour remain insufficient. These are some of the important findings with reference to India. Now let's move on to next article. This advertisement of state government of Punjab pays tributes to Sri Uddhamsingh, a legendary revolutionary who laid down his life to avenge the Jalayanwala Bagh massacre. Know that on this day that is on 31st July in the year 1940 Uddhamsingh was hanged in London. He was charged with murder of Michael O'Dire, the former Lieutenant Governor of Punjab who reportedly played a very important role in approving the action of the Brigadier General Reginald Dyer to fire at innocent people, men, women and children who gathered at Jalayanwala Bagh on 13th April 1919. In this regard we would like to inform that in our April 2020 prelim series we have discussed in length about Jalayanwala Bagh massacre, the role played by Reginald Dyer, Michael O'Dire and also Uddhamsingh in the eight question in that particular video. Now let's move on to next part of the discussion. We have come to the practice questions discussion session. See this question. Recently Union cabinet has approved the national education policy 2020. Agricultural education and research is listed under which of the following with reference to seven schedule of the Constitution. Over the last two days you might have seen in newspaper that education comes under concurrent list but you should note that with reference to seven schedule there are some distinctions which means certain areas related to education comes under union list some coming under state list and education including technical education, medical education and universities subject to four entries of union list they come under concurrent list. Here the question asks agricultural education and research. This comes under state list. So the correct answer is option B. This question is with reference to Saheli program. The Saheli program often seen in news refers to a Google lead initiative to provide digital connectivity in rural India. See this option corresponds to Internet Saadi program which is a digital literacy initiative of Google and Tata Trust. The program has contributed towards bridging the digital gender divide in rural India. An initiative of Amazon to promote locally made products from women entrepreneurs in India. This statement is correct. Saheli means female friend so connected with women entrepreneurs. Now option D here an initiative of Facebook to provide digital literacy training to women in Uttar Pradesh. This corresponds to we think digital program which was a program in Uttar Pradesh where in Facebook National Commission for Women and Cyber Peace Foundation collaborated. Correct answer option B. In this question they have given straights on one side and what about is involved on the other they are asking which of the above are correctly matched. If you observe the three straights and the right hand side in the last one they are saying Gulf of Oman Persian Gulf. See generally we know that Gulf of Oman Persian Gulf is connected by straight of Hormo not Lombok. So by understanding that third is incorrectly matched you can eliminate options B and C. Now anyway first pair is correctly matched because both are given as correct in options A and D. We have to find out whether second one is correctly matched or not. See Sunda straight is between the islands of Java and Sumatra it links Java C with Indian Ocean. So second one is correct therefore the correct answer is option D. This question is with reference to Gandhi King scholarly exchange initiative recently seen in news three statements are given which of the statements are correct. It is an initiative of India and United Kingdom to establish bilateral partnership for collaboration to advance development and shared values. The statement is incorrect because of United Kingdom. It is a proposed initiative between India and the United States of America. Once first statement is incorrect you can eliminate options A and B. Now we have to find out whether second statement is correct or not. Anywhere third statement is correct as we can observe in the options. It focuses on issues like civil rights democracy refugee crisis among others. The statement is correct. You can easily relate to the name of the initiative which is concerning Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King jr. So the correct answer for this question is option C two and three only. We have come to the last part that is the question for the last day of mainstreaming mainstreaming scholarship test 2020. Here is the fifth and last question for the scholarship test. Read the question carefully and answer accordingly. Today's question is a 15 mark question. You have to write the answer within the word limit of 250 words and a maximum on three pages. The question reads what are zoonotic diseases explain the causes of the recent increase in zoonotic diseases. How do restrictions on wildlife trade help in containing the spread of these diseases? You can take a printout of the main answer sheet for which the link is available in description and comment section. If you do not have access to the printer, you have to draw margins on an A4 sheet. Access this link which is available in description and comment section on how to draw margins. So we hope all of you are aware about how to upload your answers in the portal. You can access the link for answer upload portal or the answer upload portal link which is available in the description section as well as in the comment section. The link will be disabled tomorrow evening at 6 p.m. So make sure to upload your answer before the upload portal is closed. Once the portal is closed, no answer will be accepted through the email answers posted in the comment section and sent through email will not be evaluated. Please note that the reference material for yesterday's question has been given in the description and also in the comment section. Very important before uploading, the file name should be renamed to your unique ID. And another important thing, note that the link for today's portal is different from that of yesterday's portal. We wish you all the best for this day five. With this, we come to the end of today's The Hindu News Analysis. If you like the video, click the like button, comment, share it among your friends and those who are in need of such resources and subscribe to Shankara Jeremy YouTube channel for more updates and content on civil service exam preparation.