Our speaker for today is Dr. Monica Granados. Dr. Monica Granados has a PhD in ecology from McGill University. While working on her PhD, Monica discovered that incentives and academia promote practices that make knowledge less accessible. Since then, Monica has devoted her career to working in the open science space in pursuit of making knowledge more equitable and accessible. As a senior policy advisor at Environment and Climate Change Canada, she provided subject matter expertise and supported the delivery of open science in the government of Canada. Monica is now working at Creative Commons on the open climate campaign promoting open access of climate and biodiversity research. As a member of the leadership team at Pre-Review, Monica works to make peer review more open and diverse. She is also on the board of directors of the Canadian Open Data Society, promoting open data in Canada and alumna of the Frictionless Data Fellowship. Welcome, Monica. Thank you so much, Rachel. Thank you so much for the invitation to be here today, and I can't wait to talk to you folks about the open climate campaign and what we're doing to make climate change and biodiversity research more open, transparent, and accessible. I'm going to start by sharing some slides with you. Today's talk is titled, Hopi on the Paywall, How Unlocking Climate Solutions Can Lead Us to Mitigations and Solutions. What I want to talk to you about first is, why do we want to make knowledge accessible? Why is access to knowledge important? I'm probably speaking to a crowd that knows the importance of this. We are at the Open Education Conference where the purpose of the work that this organization does and those of you who are here today is to make knowledge in the educational space more accessible. I want to take you, though, through a specific case of where we generate knowledge and specifically in the science discipline. So the first example I want to talk to you about is about the ozone layer. So in 1974, two researchers, Melina and Roland, first described the effects of chlorofluoromethanes on the ozone. So they discovered that something was happening to ozone, titled here O3, when it interacted with chlorofluoromethanes. So chlorofluoromethanes were very common in the 1970s because they were used for as refrigerants and sort of commonly used in many of the appliances that were being sold at the time. Except that there was an effect, they described effect on the ozone through this chemical reaction. So CFCs, chlorofluorocarbons, interact with the sun, which interact with ozone in a very sort of simplified sense here. And what happens is that ultimately, it breaks down from O3 to O2. So it was breaking down the ozone and we were able to recognize this as scientists working in that field as a thinning of the ozone. So they measured it using something called the Dobson scale and noticed that there's a decrease in the density of O3 particles and it was popularized as a whole in the ozone. But ozone is the Earth's sunscreen and so what are the effects of that on planet Earth that depends on it? Interestingly, also the reaction was particularly effective in Antarctica. And so maybe when you were growing up, you heard about the ozone hole in Antarctica where there was specific conditions that actually increased that chemical reaction and the breakdown of O3. And if this were to continue, UV radiation at the Earth's surface could dramatically increase. And that's a big problem. You know, as I mentioned earlier, ozone is the Earth's sunscreen and without it, this UV radiation could have some pretty detrimental effects. It could spur on genetic mutations. It could hamper the ability for crops to grow. And so the world recognized this is a big problem and that recognition was surfaced because of the science that described what was happening when fluorofluorocarbons interacted with the ozone. And so we got information from peer-reviewed papers what that knowledge was translated to policy makers and ultimately resulted in the signing of the Montreal Protocol, a multilateral environmental agreement that regulated the production of these chlorofluorocarbons. So we really saw here in this example, a translation of access to this information into a policy change and prevented pretty detrimental effects on the Earth. In 1967, another scientist Radcliffe started noticing an increase in broken eggs in the nests of peregrine falcons. So, you know, it's a really interesting paper because he sort of just describes, oh, there's a lot more broken eggs when I go in and like look at the nests of peregrine falcons. And it sort of coincided with the increase in the use of DDT. It was widely used as a pesticide and insecticide in the 1970s, but it actually originated, its use originated right after World War II and was used also for military applications. In fact, it was so widely used that the scientists who described its use as a pesticide and insecticide, won a Nobel Prize for it. Except that what they didn't really know at the time was that there was what was happening is that this insecticide that was really good at killing insects also had other detrimental effects, including bio accumulations in the bodies of top predators. So how does that happen? So imagine that you've got two animals each with, you know, with a rubber ball inside of it.   And so now if something comes in and starts to eat that middle what we call trophic layer, the top predator is gonna have a lot of rubber balls in it. And so that's what was happening with peregrine falcons, with bald eagles, a lot of these top predators were starting to have some detrimental effects. In fact, what they found was that DDT prevented normal calcium production in these top predators, which calls thin fragile shells that would break during incubation. So it would make for very fragile eggs, then the birds when they were nesting would sit on the egg and would break them. Normally that wouldn't happen when they've got the appropriate calcium production. But all of these, all of the science led to an understanding of what the application of DDT was doing to the environment. We knew that we had a problem, and this is just in a very specific case that it was causing a difference in the normal calcium production. And this was actually like a bit of a watershed moment in environmental policy. We found, you know, this spurred on the writing of The Silence Brain by Rachel Carson. It also catalyzed the founding of environmental defense and really a realization that humans or anthropogenic effects could have detrimental consequences on the natural world or on the environment. In a specific case in 1972, the EPA canceled most use of DDT because of not only the scientific information about what was happening at the chemical level and at the molecular and biological and sort of the biological consequences on these top predators, but also because people became worried about what was happening to the environment that where they were being exposed to DDT, particularly because it was very liberally used in many different applications. And so again, here we see that access to knowledge is really important. The production of knowledge is really important because that's how we understand the world around us and can lead to policy changes like canceling the use or most uses of DDT or the Montreal Protocol. The last example, most of us probably have good familiarity with it. On December 31st, not too long ago, the World Health Organization in China was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown origin. And in March of 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic. And this problem may be a little bit different than the other two in that it was a world-changing problem. It was a problem that left no one on earth untouched. Now there probably were differential effects of COVID-19, but everyone's life changed with COVID-19 and that spurred something different in our lifetimes. It spurred the recognition that for this problem, we need to have the knowledge about this issue to understand it better and it needs to happen quickly and as soon as possible. We need to accelerate this production of knowledge and the sharing of knowledge. China publicly shared the genetic sequence of COVID-19, the National Science and Technology Advisors so that you science advisors from 12 different countries and funders signed a call for open access to COVID-19 publications. We saw a change in the behavior of scientists as well. 77% of COVID-19 related papers are open access from the snapshot. And there was a huge increase in the number of preprints that were uploaded to preprint servers like BioArchive and MedArchive. And really what this shows is this recognition that we need that knowledge, right? We need that knowledge to understand this problem. In the examples of the ozone layer and in the peregrine falcon, there was a recognition that there was a problem and the use of science to try to address the problem to lead to a policy change. But here we knew that things needed to happen very quickly and couldn't proceed at the scale or speed that normally happens with scholarly communication. There was this ultimate recognition that if we're going to solve the world's biggest problem, then the knowledge about them must be open. And that's really the key to the work we want to do here at the open climate campaign, that for big problems like COVID-19 to get to that policy change to that solution, that mitigation to that treatment, we need to understand the problem. We need access to the place where knowledge is produced and disseminated. And often in science and social science and in political science, it happens through scholarly communication, through publications. And what bigger problem right now that the world is facing than climate change. It's one of the world's most pressing challenges. And like COVID-19 is a challenge that will leave no one untouched. It will also have differing effects due to geographic region, due to historical, due to different histories in countries due to the manifestation of different systems of oppression. But climate change will leave no one untouched. So shouldn't we have all the information available that we possibly can to understand climate change and to understand how we're going to find solutions and mitigations for climate change as one of the world's greatest problem? But that's not the case. Open sharing of research outputs is not the default. And in a way, as someone who has been a scientist, I can understand why it's not. There's not a lot of incentives for scientists to practice in the open. Scientists are incentivized to publish in top journals, you know, with the asterisks of that being determined by different factors, many of them unfair. They're driven by, you know, the incentives that will give them a promotion or that first job, not necessarily making their research accessible or transparent. So knowing this, how much of climate change knowledge or publications is open access. So I'll give you a little bit of a snapshot from some discussions with the Curtin Open Knowledge Initiative, which we'll be working with to get more information about this question. But they did a climate change sprint to figure out this question and get some data. So they looked at a time period between 1980 and 2020. They cataloged 169,000 outputs and found that about 57.1% of those outputs were closed and 42% of those outputs were open. Now, remember for COVID-19 publications, it was over 70, we're not there. And they found that, you know, some were used, some were opened by a repository and some by a publisher with a bit of a higher percentage through a repository. But the takeaway here is that for trying to tackle the world's biggest problem, we certainly don't have access to all the knowledge that right now that is being produced about climate change. So what do we wanna do here at the Open Climate Campaign? We wanna change this. We wanna make sharing of research outputs the norm in climate science. Right now there is a wall that is not allowing the science to connect with policymakers, to not connect with other scientists to build on that knowledge. It's not allowing us to mobilize that knowledge into action, into solutions, into mitigations. So we wanna change that. So we've set out 11 goals to make open sharing of outputs the norm in climate science. So this is a four year campaign funded by the Arcadia Fund and the Open Society Foundations and run through a partnership between Creative Commons, Spark and Eiffel. So what are our goals and how are we gonna get there? The first is campaign messaging. So doing work like this and reaching out to people who have connections with researchers to highlight the importance of the work that they are doing and the importance of making that work open and accessible. They are scientists, researchers, these knowledge producers are the ones who have a lot of power to use community resources, to use institutional repositories, to use open tools to help them get to open. We also wanna know a little bit more about where are we now on open access? So say the data that I showed is just a snapshot and it's also from two years ago, where are we now? We want to know what's the, how big is this problem? What's the magnitude of this problem? Are there differences in countries? Are there differences in subfields? And that's work we're going to be doing again with the for an open knowledge initiative to give us some more information about the scope of the problem. We also wanna identify legal and policy barriers. So we know that open sharing is not the default. There are barriers to scientists, but there's also the absence of policy to facilitate open practices, open access publications by science producers, by knowledge producers. So what are they? And we're working with a fantastic steering committee that has decades of experience in this field and understanding what these policy barriers are, how they differ from country to country and how we can use some of the existing policy cover to enable action and the implementation of open policies to help those scientists work in the open. And that is a bulk of the work that we wanna do. I wanna work with government, we wanna work with funders and we wanna work with environmental organizations to create open access policies. So it's not just about saying you should have an open access policy, go do it, it's the right thing to do or there's a moral imperative to do it. Even all those things are true, that hasn't worked so far. So we've been talking about open access for decades, but we still remain at 50, 49% of papers being open in this discipline. So we want to help these three target groups to create these open access policies. It's not just about telling them to do it, we're gonna use the expertise in our steering committee and our partners in the staff at the open climate campaign to write policies that will enable the opening of climate change researchers. And so that will involve going to meetings, face-to-face meetings and then also provide training for implementation. As someone who's worked in the policy field as well, I've seen the chasm between creation of a policy and the implementation of a policy. And so we wanna make sure that we can bridge that chasm so that the people for which the policy applies understands it and follows it. We also want to think about inclusion in international frameworks. So what we mean by that is that decisions about open access and open access practices happen at multiple scales, they happen at your institution, they happen at your organization, they happen within your own country, but they also happen in an international stage as well. And we need to be having conversations about open access when we talk about international frameworks, international policies, international agreements, particularly around climate change and biodiversity. And so we are looking at opportunities like the Convention on Biological Diversity, what kind of conversations are happening around open access and how can open access help get to the goals of these conventions, these agreements, these frameworks. We also want to reach out to other like-minded groups, environmental organizations, people who are producing this knowledge and secure endorsements. And I think this loops back to our first goal. And we want to talk about the importance of this. We've already had conversations with environmental organizations and they believe in this work, but often just don't know how to do it, how to enable openness of their research, their educational resources, any material they have around climate change and biodiversity research. So we want to spread the word and we know that endorsements will help get the message about the open climate campaign now. Eight, number nine is also is really important. And here what this sentence is describing is the need to be inclusive. I think if you've been in this field for some time, you know that open scholarship, open knowledge, certainly open science has been very much driven from a global North perspective. These transitions that we have seen towards open often leave behind certain geographical regions, often low and middle income countries from the conversation and ultimately make for an even less equitable process and access to knowledge. We can't get to open at the expense of low and middle income countries or traditionally excluded voices in open knowledge. And we recognize that. And so one of the important aspects of the campaign is a working group that we are convening with a broad geographical representation to give us feedback on the development of these policies, the development of our input to these international frameworks to ensure that this is really is a global campaign that does center equity. And that what we do to forward open access is not come at the expense of those that are marginalized, particularly in climate change, where that is happening already. We also want to think about the past. So we want to think about one through nine is thinking about how we're gonna change the future, future to be more open to enable open access, to enable the opening of the entire research cycle. But what about foundational research that has already been published? We talked earlier on about how knowledge begets knowledge. It builds on each other. We stand on the shoulders of giants, but we need to have access to that knowledge to be able to build from that. And so while we may look to the future, we also need to look to the past. So we're gonna be looking into putting together a list of the most important or foundational research on climate change and biodiverse knowledge using community input, using input from our group, our goal nine working group and getting a corpus of papers and ensuring that that corpus is open and accessible so that it can enable future research. We also wanna talk to publishers. Publishers are a big part of this conversation and big part of the workflow and scholarly communication. And here we're alluding to the special priority that COVID-19 research received. Should we need to consider this as well for biodiversity research given the scope of the problem? So to summarize what we wanna do with these 11 goals is ultimately to get us to making the open sharing of research outputs the norm in climate science. We're gonna talk about sending information out to highlight the importance of climate change and biodiversity research, but also get information in about the scope of the problem. You wanna work hand in hand with funders of research. So that's government funders, environmental organizations. We're not just going to be advocating for a change or a development of a policy. We wanna work with you to develop that policy to provide that support. I wanna make sure this isn't an international campaign. We wanna learn from the mistakes of sort of previous work in this field and ensure that this has a global perspective, both from an equity perspective, but also because that is what's gonna be most effective to actually get us to our goals. And finally, we wanna open past publications as well. We're looking to the future and make that change, but we also need to think about the past and ensuring that that foundational work which we will build on as knowledge producers is available. So climate change as you might know is a complicated problem. It's multifaceted with many dimensions. Opening climate change and biodiversity research isn't a panacea. It may not necessarily solve the climate crisis, but this is what we can do. This is what participants in this conference who are engaged in this space, who understand the importance of open can do to help tackle the climate crisis, to look at the place where we have power and influence and expertise and make those changes there. Because there's hope behind the paywall. And what I mean by that is that, the solutions to climate change are there. The science is there, the innovation is there. It's just being produced in publications and we need to enable the mobilization of that information, of that knowledge. We need to enable access to other scientists to build on that knowledge. We need to enable the mobilization of that information to policymakers to make decisions and policies and changes to get us to a different climate outcome. The solutions are there. There's hope in behind that paywall that we need to deconstruct. There are energy innovations being published every single week. There's nature-based solutions that, what we mean by that is that there's research happening on what kind of land do we need to protect? What kind of species are particularly important to protect? And that information is really crucial. It's critical for that information to get to decision makers when they are making choices about where development goes or what a construction project looks like or what piece of land to turn into a park or conserve. That information needs to get to policymakers but as someone who has been a policymaker or at least assisted policymakers, I often couldn't get to these papers. I could read the title and the abstract when I knew that something that could be helpful was behind that paywall. And so what we wanna do here at the Open Climate Campaign is change this. We wanna get to that hope. We wanna get to that information. So we want you to join us. You know, this is that piece of the climate change problem that we can help address. So what can you do? What's your rise to action? Visit the Open Climate Campaign website. We've got some action kits as to what you can do, how you can help, how you can enable the release of that information behind paywalls, how to break down those paywalls. Connect us with groups who are working on climate change educational resources. This is incredibly important because we need to ensure that climate change education is not only happening once you're an adult but also when you're going through schooling. So you understand what climate change is and that you can become, you know, that voter, that the scientist, the knowledge producer as you grow into adulthood and understand climate change and its importance. You also are often, you know, in those spaces where you're the one that connects with researchers particularly about open scholarship. You have the ability to talk to these researchers and connect them with tools to open their research. On the Open Climate Campaign website, we've got some resources for researchers on how to publish preprints, how to publish openly using diamond open access methods, how to deposit your manuscript in an institutional repository, how to make your methods open, how to make the entire research process open. And you're the one that can connect them with that. So these are just three calls to action, you're rise to action here. There's many more on the website and you can reach us again either through our website at openclimatecampaign.org. You can follow us on Twitter, our handle is openclimatecamp. Or send us an email, contact at openclimatecampaign.org. You've got questions, suggestions. Let us know. And let's think about that hope. Let's make that change. Thank you so much, Monica. It looks like we do have one question in the chat. Making research results available for open reading is a need close to human rights. However, one of the recent challenges of open access is the charge for publishing. If you don't have money to pay the APC, your research contribution cannot be made known. What proposals do you have in this regard? Yeah, that's a great point. And that's what I was alluding to when we were talking about these shifts in open scholarship. So that first transformation was this recognition that we need to move to open access. But a lot of that has happened through article processing charges or gold open access publisher provided open access. There's a lot of different terminology for it. But ultimately what that, in a simplified sense, is you have to pay to make your paper accessible to everyone. And the model doesn't make a lot of sense. And that may work really well if you're a well-funded institution or maybe you're a well-funded foundation that can afford these article processing charges. But what about institutions that are smaller? What about if you're a scientist or a knowledge producer in a country where these article processing charges sometimes that can go up to $10,000 is a good part of your salary. And so that is why we need to think about other methods to open scholarship besides article processing charges. And so on the open climate campaigning, we talk about a couple of different ways in which you can make your knowledge or your publication accessible. The first is to use preprints. So many journals now have very friendly preprint policies. So you can deposit a preprint which is a version of your manuscript before it has finished the peer review process. And you can publish that as soon as you want. And there's a lot of researchers who, as you saw for COVID-19, preprints became a common occurrence. But also I think that researchers are starting to see that you can start to get feedback earlier on in the process instead of just by three reviewers in a closed process. You also can look at the directory of open access journals which has a list of journals that do not charge an article processing charge. So they are free to publish and also free to read. There's a lot of different models that are used to get sort of to a place where you don't have a article processing charge. Sometimes it's referred to as diamond open access. We've got a section on our website as well on diamond open access. The other method that we talk about on the open climate campaign website is using an institutional repository. So you could choose to publish in the journal of your choice and then publish an author accepted manuscript in your institutional repository which does not have a paywall. And there's some intersecancies there depending on the journal that you're publishing with. Ideally you would put an author accepted manuscript, you would keep the copyright and then license that version to the journal using a CC5 license which enables even more sharing of your research and also then allows immediate access to your paper. But the policies of journals vary which is why I wanna talk about the different ways in which you could approach making your paper open. We have another question. Education, which doesn't result in action is wasted in my opinion. This is especially true when it comes to climate change since we need action on this issue now. However, the challenge lies in bringing this sense of urgency to the masses. Sadly, many of whom do not even believe in climate change. Alternatively, as I have observed via my environmental science efforts is that pollution and climate change are interrelated and I believe that people who are skeptic of climate change would be concerned about pollution. My question is, should we start incorporating pollution terminology to convince skeptics? Yeah, that's a really good question. I'll start with sort of a small caveat in that like the communication of climate change is not my area of expertise. And there are many people who are reading and studying sort of what's the best way to communicate climate change and like the urgency and that the recognition that you have to find a balance between communicating the urgency and also not scaring people into sort of a paralysis about doing things. And I know that there's been research to show that there's a lot of climate anxiety in a lot of young people, young adults because they're worried about the earth that they're going to inherit. But while I was reading about the ozone layer which is a really great, I think example of like the world coming together. If the Montreal Port of Cogniz is one of the only institution or international agreements that was signed by every member state of the United Nations. And one of the things that they talked about was the importance of calling it the ozone hole. Even though as like I explained, it's not quite a hole, it's just, it's sort of a thinning of that atmosphere. And to have like how important it was for people to be able to visualize like what was happening and to be able to understand like the potential consequences that like if we have a hole, then there's more radiation and we could have pretty detrimental consequences. And so I think it's important to think about like, yeah, how do you make this problem tangible? And so talking about pollution, talking about things that like our understandable concepts I think can really help in communicating what as we spoke about is kind of a complex topic. And rather than talking about, you know climate change as a whole to think about what are some like tangible repercussions or tangible effects of climate change and that the terminology really is important. Yeah, I also found that while I was reading about DDT, you know that there was pushback about the, about ceasing the production or ceasing the application of DDT by the environmental protection agency. Obviously the industry that was making DDT was like, well, we don't want this to happen. It's the end of our business. But there was just so much public pressure to ban DDT that policymakers made a change. And so, you know, I think there's some lessons to be learned. I mean, we're in a different political time. We're sort of, we're in a different technological time. But I think there are things that we can learn from past successful campaigns. Thank you so much. As this conference is focused on open education, can you speak a bit about how OE resources and practices fit within the research and data focus of the campaign? Yeah, so one of the things that we want to do is to talk about open educational resources. So the way that we're kind of looking at it is that are in, in the conversations with our target groups. So that's environmental organizations, funders, governments, it's to talk about open access. And that's generally also because that's a bit of like the low hanging fruit. There's been a lot of development around open access. There's a lot of interesting models around open access. And so we'll start to talk about open access with government X, funder Y, and then talk about what are other aspects? What are other knowledge products that you are making that we can also open? So that includes things like other data that they collect. So maybe like monitoring data that they collect that's not associated with the publication, hardware that they may be working on and opening information around the hardware that they are creating. And of course, open educational resources. So you can think of many environmental organizations that make educational resources for multiple ages, that sort of part of their mandate, part of the work that they do, but they don't necessarily make those open. And it's not necessarily because they don't want to. They may just not know how to mark these resources. And so we're gonna go in there, start to talk to them about open access and then go in and have conversations about, well, what are other things that we can help you open? We've got a team of experts here. Let us help you make all of this knowledge that you're making these pamphlets, videos, making those open. And that's where open education, I think is gonna be a big part. And that's work that Creative Commons does pretty regularly going and talking to different groups and helping them make their resources and sometimes open educational resources open and applying a Creative Commons license to them. Thank you so much, Monica. And we have a couple more questions coming in. So I work in a state where climate science and related terminology are misused as a political token. If climate change is spoken, it's taken as an affront against their team. How could I better speak to this issue, to a state organization that would most likely be risk averse to even mentioning climate change? Yeah, I mean, that's obviously, that's a big reason why we're not moving towards climate change. And again, indicative of the complexity of the climate change problem. But I think I'll harken sort of back to this, the comment around innovations and like nature-based solutions and talk about like, what is the economic impact of some of the decisions we are making that are not in line with mitigating climate change. And the example that I'll give is like, one of the things that I really like to work on is, well, the reason I really like to, I like to work on open science because I'm passionate about it because I think that's sort of a moral imperative to do so. But also because it's something that I can speak to metaphorically both sides of the aisle about even though I'm in Canada and we don't really have an aisle that way. And that's because you can speak to the left about the need to make this information open. It's just like, it's the right thing to do and for equity, for transparency reasons. And you can talk to the right about the need for transparency for budgeting reasons and for like access to that information. And so I think what my advice to you would be to think about rather than talking about it from the perspective that maybe you see it is to think about, what are the things that these decision makers care about? And could you use that as an end to talk about climate change or to talk about the effects of climate change? Because ultimately this will become an issue that everyone will care about. But will that be too late? And that is why we want to act now when it's not too late to make changes. To slow the effects of climate change which we're already seeing. Do you have any suggestions for students who are looking to advocate for open access to science? Any talking points or resources? Yeah, so I guess my first action item would be to sign up to the newsletter. So that's where we'll have events about the open climate campaign and how to get involved. We are looking into potentially expanding the open climate campaign and thinking about like what is the, like how can we get the youth involved? They're one of the most important stakeholders. Again, so the open climate campaign is like taking a chunk of the problem and trying to address it but they are a huge part of movement in advocacy for action against climate change. And so we recognize that the importance of that stakeholder group of youth movement. And so we're exploring options for how to get, how to give youth the opportunity to be involved in the campaign. And so the first thing would be to, I think to stay in the loop on the news about potential new work coming up by subscribing to the newsletter. And I think you could just use, and we'd also have action kits and any of those action kits for our other stakeholder groups, I think could be used. If you specifically want some speaking points you can always reach out to the campaign and we've got some speaking points that we've developed for other stakeholders and be happy to share those as well. Thank you so much. I'd be interested in seeing those resources too for my students. Well, another question just came in. When I go to the website, it doesn't say anything about educational institutions including colleges and universities, which makes me wonder what those of us in such institutions might do to contribute. Any thoughts on how higher education and institutions might helpfully contribute? Yeah, and so again, we've got a set of target groups and mostly that's just a, it's also like a capacity issue. So we wanna make sure that we deliver on our goals and we have looked at specific target groups that we wanna work with. But we're constantly thinking about what are other target groups that we can add to the campaign. But for the time being, one of the things you can think about is looking at the researcher action kit. If you are at an educational institution with knowledge producers and likely you are, that's the function of the little knowledge factory called universities and colleges, is to look at the researcher action kit and check out the resources that we have for researchers and help researchers connect to those resources. When I was in grad school, I didn't know anything about open science. I just knew that like I had to publish papers and I shouldn't share any of my data and then I will try to get a job with this like these precious resources that I collected and gave to nobody. And in grad school, like my second year of grad school, I went to a workshop that was hosted by the National Center for Ecological Synthesis and Analysis. And originally I wanted to go just to like learn about the R programming language, which like I still use, I used it to produce some of the graphics today. So that was really helpful, but also it changed the course of my life because I learned about open science. I was introduced to this concept of paywalls, which I never hit because I had an institutional subscription. I was introduced to the concept of open data. I was introduced to the concept of reproducibility and how not only helpful these practices are as for a researcher myself, but also can that sort of immoral imperative that the work that I'm doing should be made available to everybody. And if I hadn't gone to that workshop, I don't know when I would have learned about open science. And so I think there's still a lot of people who are uninitiated and don't really know about open science. And I think that is where you come into play is that you need to be that workshop for people and give them, tell them about open science and then connect them with resources that help them make their research open. Thank you so much. I think we have one final question tying it back to our theme. So our theme this year is rise to action. And one of the reasons we wanted to invite to talk about climate change is that it really underscores the urgency for action. Can you talk a bit about how opening up this research can also improve climate awareness and education? Yeah, absolutely. Like, I mean, I think the knowledge that is produced often, maybe on average, will happen in these little knowledge production factories, institutions, maybe government laboratories, academic centers like universities and colleges. And that information, that knowledge that gets produced first comes out through a publication. And that's just the way that we've built the scholarly communication process. Sort of leaving aside whether we need to reevaluate that, that is the way that the system is working right now and we're trying to sort of work around that system to make it more accessible. So that's sort of the first line of information that goes out. And that information sort of slowly trickles down to sort of as facts, as knowledge that eventually get into a textbook that then gets taught to people, right? I mean, there's changes that have been made in textbooks since I was a kid as we understand the world more. And so it's, the connection here is that if we make that sort of first point of information out more accessible, it'll be easier to get that information into textbooks, into courses, because it's easier to access, it's easier to reproduce, right? Like if something has a CC by license, then you can take it and you can put it into any of your educational materials with attribution. And so I think what we're trying to do here at the Open Climate Campaign is to think about that source, that first point at which knowledge gets out from the knowledge producer, making that sort of blowing that gateway open so that that can then be disseminated out to materials including textbooks and educational resources. Thank you so much, Monica. This has been so enlightening and we would just like to thank you again on behalf of the board and the conference for having you present for our plenary. It was absolutely amazing. Thank you so, so much. My pleasure. Thank you again for the invitation and all the great questions. We're so happy to have you here.


Heading into their second straight state tournament, the Warlord Girls hockey teams expectations are high and rightfully so in their previous seven appearances they have never finished lower than third place. Earlier today they looked to advance to the Class A semis as they took on Hibbing Chisholm in the quarter-finals. No score after a period, but in the second the Warriors broke out Genevieve Hendrickson with the snipe one-nothing Warlord. Later in the period they keep on rolling Mariah Gardner to B.B. Okers who tips it home to Zip Warriors. Five minutes later the Gardner-Okers connection working again B.B. tips another home. Her second of the day three-nothing Warriors then late in the third now Warlord up four-two. Gardner on the breakaway gets tripped up for creditor with an assist. Her fourth of the day is Tara Johnson cleans up to make it five-two and that's her final. Warlord advances to the Class A state semis five-two to Mariah Gardner with one goal and four assists. B.B. Okers two goals and two assists. Here's head coach David Marvin after the game. A little bit of pressure you know I mean they were in on all five and but they've accepted that and we don't score a lot of goals if these guys don't do it. So I know there's my scouting there's a other team scouting report on this but they've accepted that role and as being leaders and when they aren't I'm hard on them and and but but they get it they get it Mariah's is Mariah's a crafty player and B.B. goes hard to the net with a good shot and they and they since Christmas they've really played well together really used each other. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Dr. Walter Kempner introduced the first comprehensive dietary program to treat chronic kidney disease, and in doing so also revolutionized the treatment of other disorders, including obesity. Kempner was a professor emeritus of medicine at Duke, where he came up with the so-called rice diet, which basically consists of rice, sugar, fruit, and fruit juices. Extremely low sodium, low fat, no animal fat, no cholesterol, no animal protein. The sugar was added as a source of calories so people wouldn't lose too much weight, but some people needed to lose weight, so he started treating obese patients with a lower calorie version of the diet. He published this analysis of 106 patients who lost at least 100 pounds. Not because there were only 106, he was just picking the last 100 people who lost over 100 pounds, and by the time he finished looking through their charts, 6 more had joined the so-called Century Club. Average weight loss among them 141 pounds. This study demonstrates that massively obese persons can achieve market weight reduction, even normalization of weight without hospitalization, surgery, or pharmacologic intervention. Here's a weight chart of someone who lost in a year nearly 300 pounds, like 430 pounds, down to 130 pounds. One important fact to be gained from this study is that, despite the misconception to the contrary, massive obesity is not an uncorrectable malady. Weight loss can be achieved, massive obesity can be corrected, and it can be done without drastic intervention. Well, the rice diet is pretty drastic. Definitely don't try this at home. The rice diet is dangerous, so restrictive that it may cause serious electrolyte imbalances unless the patient is carefully medically supervised with frequent blood and urine lab testing. Dangerous? Says who? Said the world's No. 1 advocate for the rice diet, Dr. Kempner himself. The best safe approximation of the diet, so low in sodium and also no animal fat, protein, and cholesterol, would be a vitamin B12 fortified diet centered around whole, unprocessed plant foods. But even a medically supervised rice diet could be considered un-drastic compared to like getting one's internal organs stapled or rearranged, wiring someone's jaws shut, or even brain surgery. Attempts have been made to destroy the parts of the brain associated with a sensation of hunger by irradiation or by going in through the skull and burning them out. Shows how ineffective most simpler forms of treatment are that anyone should think it reasonable to produce irreversible intracranial brain lesions in very obese patients. The surgeons defended these practices, these procedures, explaining that their justification in attempting the operation is, of course, the very poor results of conventional therapy in gross obesity and the dark prognosis, mental and physical, of the uncorrected condition. To which a critic replied, such strong feelings about how dark the prognosis is runs the risk of being conveyed to the patient to the effect of masking the operative dangers of experimental surgery and steamrolling the patient's approval. To which the surgeon replied, look, if any steamrolling is taking place, it comes rather from obese patients who sometimes threaten suicide unless they are accepted for experimental surgical treatment. As of 2013, the American Medical Association officially declared obesity a disease by identifying the enormous humanitarian impact of obesity as requiring the medical care and attention of other diseases. But the way we treat diseases these days involves drugs and surgery. Most of our obesity drugs have been pulled from the market again and again after they started killing people. This unrelenting fall of the pharmacological treatment of obesity. The same thing has happened with obesity surgeries. The procedure Kempner wrote about was discontinued because of the complication of causing irreversible cirrhosis of the liver. Here are the current procedures, including various reconfigurations of the digestive tract, and the procedures of surgery occur in almost about 20% of patients, nearly one in 10 of which may be death. In one of the largest studies, 1.9% of patients died within a month of the surgery. Even if surgery proves sustainably effective, the need to rely on the rearrangement of our anatomy as an alternative to better use of feet and forks, diet and exercise, seems a societal travesty.


Hello, everyone. Welcome to Options with Doug, streaming live daily on Bookmap Discord and the Bookmap YouTube channel at 1.30 p.m. each time. Before I get started, I need to go through the disclosures. General disclosure, all Bookmap limited materials, information, and presentations are for educational purposes only and should not be considered specific investment advice nor recommendations. First disclosure, creating futures, equities, and options involves substantial risk of loss and is not suitable for all investors. Past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. Here's my contact information. The best way to get in touch with me is through Discord. My name on Discord is Doug P. Also in Bookmap Discord, there's an options-Doug Chat channel that's a great place to post questions, comments, and content related to the topics of my presentation and of the channel, which I'll go through in just a moment. And hello, Joel. Welcome. Glad you're here. And hello, Gray. Good afternoon to you as well. Welcome. Glad you're here. Alright, I'm also on X, formerly known as Twitter. My name there is at Doug Plus. The focus of my presentation and the focus of the options-Doug Chat channel is options order flow, the impact of options markets on stocks and futures, and the influence of marketmaker hedging flow on price action. I have a two-step process for trading and the first is planning and I use positional analysis. I look at how traders and market makers are positioned at the options market and how those positions change from day to day to develop a thesis regarding the expected trading range and volatility for the day, as well as a directional bias. And the second step of my process is execution. And I look at real-time order flow in Bookmap and real-time marketmaker hedging flow in Spot Gamma Hero to confirm my thesis and for setups for entries and exits. Questions and comments are welcome and I will be watching both the options-Doug Chat channel and Discord as well as the chat and YouTube for your questions and comments. Please feel free to post and I'll do my best to answer your questions. And hello, Don. Welcome. Glad you're here. Alright, news items, economic data, events and earnings for the week. My agenda for the week, I want to go over news items, economic data, events and earnings for the week. Then I'll go through my positional analysis. Then I'll review some setups from this morning. Then I'll take a look at the live market. And when I get to the live market, if anyone has any stocks they want me to take a look at, please let me know and I'll be glad to do that. Alright, news items, economic data, events and earnings. So nothing really today. It really, economic data starts tomorrow. PPI data comes out at 8.30 a.m. Eastern time. And then the F1C minutes from the previous meeting come out at 2 p.m. Eastern time. And note that will be in the middle of my session tomorrow and I'll stop whatever I'm doing and we'll watch the, watch the market probably the most likely S&P 500 to see any reaction to the F1C minutes. And then on Thursday, PPI data comes out at 8.30 a.m. Eastern time. That could be a market mover. And then on Friday, Michigan consumer sentiment at 10 a.m. Also there are a number of Fed speakers throughout the week. And I believe bank earnings begin toward the end of the week. Alright so that is the news items for the week. Alright, let's get started with positional analysis. Now I'm going to start with the S&P 500. This is the ES Futures and Bookmap. Before I take a closer look at this chart, I want to take a look at a larger time frame. I'm going to go to the SPX. This is SPX in a one day, a 30 day, one hour chart. And let me point out some items and price action here. This is the September 15th call dominated options expiration. The downtrend, that's when the downtrend began, a reversal right around 4,500. And price moved lower and now appears to be consolidated and moving back higher around the 42, between the 4,200 and the 4,250 level. Alright, let me point out some levels shown on the chart. So this chart is just showing price, 30 day, one hour chart. And also key levels. So first of all, the lower and upper weekly expected move, shown with the dash purple lines. So SPX did trade above the upper weekly expected move earlier today. Now it's moving lower. These levels are based on the options market, one standard deviation move. So 68% of the time SPX is expected to trade within that range. That is the weekly expected move based on the options market. Again, should be available on any trading platform that has an options chain. And hello, Tony. Welcome. Glad you're here. Alright, the dash blue lines are showing the lower and upper daily expected move that changes every day. Again, a one standard deviation move for the day. So 68% of the time SPX should trade within that level, within that range. And SPX did trade above the upper daily expected move earlier today. And is now trading lower, just a little bit lower. It appears we'll take a closer look in just a minute. At the levels in play for today. Alright, let me point out the spot gamma levels. These are proprietary spot gamma levels available to spot gamma subscribers based on gamma weighted open interest. I'm going to point out the key daily levels. First of all, oops, wrong tool. Just clean this up. So these are the key daily levels. First of all, the put wall. That's the strike with the largest net negative gamma that can be expected to act to support not really in play today. And the next level up is 4300. That's the absolute gamma strike. That's a strike with the largest net absolute positive and negative gamma. So most gamma weighted open interest today is concentrated at the 4300 level. Just above that is the volatility trigger that a spot gammas proprietary gamma flip level. Below that level, market makers position on the gamma curve is negative. In a negative gamma environment, market makers have to trade with price to hedge their delta exposure. And that tends to enhance or increase volatility. And SPX has been trading in a negative gamma environment below the volatility trigger for quite a while. Today, it is trading above that level. So in a positive gamma environment, market makers have to trade against price to hedge their delta exposure. And that tends to decrease or subdue volatility. And then finally, the last key daily level is the call wall at 4400. That's a strike with a large net positive gamma that can be expected to act as resistance. And note that level did move lower from yesterday from 4450 to 4400. So shift lower in the call wall, that's the potential ceiling. And that is slightly bearish to have that call wall move lower. Alright, so those are the key daily levels. For SPX, again, the only shift in level was the call wall shifting lower. Let's take a look at the levels in play for today. I'm going to go to a another SPX chart. This is one day one minute. SPX gapped up slightly found support at the zero gamma level at 4343 traded up above the upper weekly expected move, also this combo level, L four combo level, and also above the upper daily expected move. And now that upper daily expected move may be acting as resistance. We'll see we'll take a look at the SB 500 in just a minute and book map the futures. Alright, so those are the levels that are in play for today. In the SPX. Now let's go to book map ES futures. So in book map, I have my cloud notes, I'm showing a variety of levels here. First of all, I'm showing SPX levels converted to an equivalent ES number. So today, the ES to SPX difference is right around 33 points. So ES minus SPX is 33. That's what I'm using today. So the 4350, for example, that large gamma three level is at 43 83 ES 43 83. That's the equivalent level. I'm also showing spy levels on this chart. So here's the spy 437 level that did act as resistance today. It took a while for the SB 500 to roll over. Also this spy 435 level was noted as resistance in the spot gamma AM founders note with the equivalent level around the SPX 43 65. And so far earlier today, there was some consolidation at that level that price continued to hire another two spy points up to four 437. All right, here's the upper daily expected move for ES. And also the upper weekly expected move again shown weekly with dash purple daily with dash blue. Alright, so those levels in play for the SAP 500 shifts and levels I talked about SPX the call wall shifted lower. And for spy, the call wall actually shifted higher from 434 yesterday to a more bigger rounder number the 450 level. So a big shift higher in the call wall for spy from 434 to 450. Alright, so again, those are the levels in play for today. Again, this 430 4340 4340 gamma level around that level acting as support VWAP also this morning, we'll talk about this setup in a few minutes. And then the spy 437 level so far acting as resistance. Alright, let's take a look at NASDAQ now. So this is the NQ futures and book map. And I'm going to isolate the first of all the QQQ levels. Let's look at only QQQ chart. This is a one day one minute chart. So here is the this combo level. Combo one important level around that level acted as resistance that combines QQQ and NDX gamma weighted open interest into one level in an equivalent QQQ price. And then also here's another L one level of 370. That is the absolute gamma strike. Right? So those are the key levels for QQQ again 370 this 371 33 combo L one level and the 370 absolute gamma strike. Let's take a look at NDX focus on today. Here's that same combo level converted to an equivalent NDX price 15,200 L three level. Let's just take it and see let's take a look and see what is right above the this combo L one level the resistance level so far today. And that is the call wall at 15,250. That's also the absolute gamma strike. This is the level that I'm talking about right here. So the potential ceiling for price for NDX. Let's go back to book map. So I've got those levels on my chart as well. In my cloud notes. First of all, here is the NDX. Let me draw that again.  And then that combo level just below that that did act as resistance. And then earlier today, there was really no clear support. Just in this cluster of levels here. This is the point of control for the day it has not moved up. Note all the volume for the day for the session. This is the session volume profile concentrated right around this 15,200 level and the QQQ 367 level. So this there was some consolidation around this level and then price broke out of that I'll talk about this setup in a few minutes and made it past the upper daily expected move. All the way to this these two levels up here. Alright, so those are the levels for NASDAQ today. Shifts and levels there was only one shift for QQQ the call wall shifted lower from 380 to 372. So slightly bearish shift lower for the call wall and QQQ. Alright, again, we'll talk about setups in a few minutes. Let's take a look at gamma notional now to see how market makers were positioned on the gamma curve at the beginning of the day. This is the the number that I want to take a look at right here this gamma notional for SBX spy and QQQ NDX is not significant. Alright, note all these numbers are negative indicating at the beginning of the day. Traders were long puts, market makers were short puts. So their position on the gamma curve is negative. And but slight but very this negative gamma position has been shifting higher and higher on the gamma curve the last few days. So these numbers are still negative, but less negative than the last few days, scrolling through so on the fourth, let's see if I can find the highest number for for spy on the fourth the gamma notional for spy 10 October fourth was 2000 2.58 billion. And that is about half of that now. So again, at the beginning of the day, market makers position on the gamma curve was still negative, but less negative than yesterday less negative than the last few days. Alright, let's take a look at the Vanna model now and we'll get a better idea what that means. So this is the Vanna model for SBX will start with SBX. Right there. What this chart is showing is market makers delta notional on the vertical axis price on the horizontal axis. There are two curves on this chart. The first light gray curve shows how market makers delta notional changes with changes in price only. And then the purple curve adds implied volatility to the equation that showing how market makers delta notional changes with changes in price and implied volatility. And that change in Delta with a change in applied volatility is the Vanna fact. And Vanna is the second order Greek. And that is again showing how delta changes with the change in implied volatility. Alright, let's take a look at prices now on this chart. And we'll see exactly what this means. So today for the the low of the day for SBX was right around 4340. Let me see if I can find that. So somewhere between these two lines. So maybe somewhere around here. So what this is showing and I'm looking at the purple curve that as price increases and implied volatility drops. We'll take a look at a chart of VIX futures in just a moment that trader market makers can buy back their short hedges. So when market makers are short puts, their short futures to hedge their delta exposure, as price increases implied volatility drops, those puts lose value their delta notional, their market makers delta notional decreases, and they can buy back their short futures. And that tends to enhance or increase volatility. What this chart is showing is there was very little put Vanna fuel left in the tank after the rally the last couple of days. So on Friday with the jobs report, for example, or the day before, gamma notional has been decreasing ever since market makers position on the gamma curve a slight has been shifting higher and higher. And there's less put Vanna fuel in the tank to fuel a rally. And let's see where SPX is trading now 4368. So that's right here. So near the bottom of the curve for the price only curve and pretty close to the bottom for the curve that includes implied volatility. So both the gray curve and the and the purple curve indicating that there's really today, at least there's no fuel left in the tank for a put Vanna rally. And what this is showing is if price continues to increase, market makers will have to start selling futures. This is typical of a positive gamma environment. They will be selling as price increases. Alright, let's take a look at the Vanna model for spy and qqq. And let's actually let's just go back to SPX for for a moment. And I want to compare curves for the last three days. So this is today. Let's go to yesterday. And note how the shift the curve is shifting as gamma notional is decreasing. So this curve is very typical of a very negative gamma environment. Gamma notional becomes less negative and the skew to the left is less pronounced. And that continues today. And hello boj landscape surfaces.  Alright, let's take a look at spy now. So for spy the low of the day was around 432 right around here. Spy is currently traded up to 437. We saw that was the resistance level. So that's right around here at the bottom of the curve, indicating at that point, no more put Vanna fuel for you. And then let's take a look at qqq. Also a curve a little bit more typical of a not so negative gamma environment qqq. Lower the day was right around 366. There it is on the gamma curve and qqq currently trading. And we saw that high the day was around 370 right at the bottom of this curve. So also no more put Vanna fuel for you for qqq. And note this works both ways. The price starts to drop and apply volatility increases. Market makers will have to sell futures to hedge their delta exposure. Remember, at the beginning of the day, their position on the gamma curve was negative. Let's take a look at let's take a look at implied or the VIX futures just as a proxy for implied volatility. So I'm going to go starting with yesterday. So this is yesterday in this dark shaded area. This is overnight. The extended trading hour session. And then VIX continue to drop or volatility. Well, you were using this as a proxy for implied volatility up until about 11 o'clock then continue to then started rise again. Alright, the reason I'm looking at VIX futures, I think this may be a little bit more VIX itself is looking out 30 days pretty much. And VIX this slash VX I think may be closer to actual volatility for today. Alright, let's so that's my preparation for today. Planning process. So my thesis for the day, first of all, looking for lower volatility that didn't necessarily play out. It's quite a trend this morning. And directional bias really no directional bias, there weren't enough shifts and levels to develop a directional bias. So really the the squeeze that began a couple days ago has continued. So let's take a look at some setups now and I'll just let's take a quick glance at the S&P 500 for the SPX for the last three days just to get some perspective. So here's the the sharp rally that began last Friday after the jobs report and maybe maybe running out of steam certainly out of put van a fuel. So the squeeze may be slowing down. And let's see what the low of the day low of the low was around right around 42 20 and trading now right around 4370. So pretty big three day rally. Or let's go take a look at some setups. Now I'm going to start with the S&P 500. This chart is the hero chart hedging impact real time options.  We'll take a look at that. And in a few minutes when I get to stock. So I'm just start with setups. Now I'm going to start with the S&P 500. Like I usually do. This chart is the hero chart hedging impact real time options. This is available to spot gamma subscribers. What this chart is showing is price for SPX and the hero signal hedging impact real time options. This is a combined signal showing options trades and market maker hedging activity for SPX by XSP and ES futures. So if you trade any form of the S&P 500, this is the signal that you want to take a look at. Let's zoom in on this chart. And note a rising line indicates traders are taking positive delta positions. A falling line indicates traders are taking negative delta positions. So I'm going to first of all, take a look at the the warning session. And know what I have some have had some difficulty with this chart. Zooming. So I'm going to take a look at the warning session. I'm not going to spend a lot of time and it manipulating this chart. Note from the open traders taking positive delta positions. And that leveled off right around actually heroes started to level off before maybe around 1015 price continued higher. Alright, so let's go take a look at book map. Go back to ES futures. zoom in on the morning session here. So remember, traders at some point started to take negative delta positions that hero level turned off turned down. So really, the setup was a breakout of this consolidation, right around VWAP and this 43430 gamma level, right around here, the breakout just above that level. And note that aggressive buyers start to come in that shown by the green volume dots. Those are by minus sell market by minus sell green dot indicates the more buyers and sellers. And also as price started to move higher, kiln but cumulative volume delta shown with the dark blue line moved higher. And also the yellow line showing stop orders by stop orders, help to feel the move higher. So here by stop orders also showing them with the on chart indicator and the small green dots by stop orders fueling the move higher. So this squeeze this short squeeze by stop orders have been fueling the move higher for the last last three days. An initial target primary targets at upper daily expected move. And then above that the this 4375 resistance level also the upper weekly expected move. Alright, so that was the setup from the morning. It took little patience to wait out this chop but price frankly broke above these levels as aggressive buyers started to come in just before 10am. Let's zoom out and price continued on up to the 437 though. So let's go back to 437 though. So let's go back to hero. Zoom out look at the entire day. So options traders got back on board around 1045. And then as price was approaching above the above the upper daily expected move toward the upper weekly expected move, options traders started taking negative delta positions. And that really has continued and price finally started to move lower right around 1pm actually started moving slightly lower right around 1215 that move sharply lower just after 1pm eastern time. Let's go back to book map and note some very timely alerts here give you plenty of time for a to watch for short setup and watching for setups in the sp500 does require some patience. Alright, so here's the first of all this very mechanical. What's wrong tool? Just this very mechanical trend higher the squeeze higher than resistance at the 437 level making slightly slightly lower highs. Then price finally breaks lower as aggressive sellers start to come in. And options traders again start taking more aggressively taking negative delta positions. So price was above the upper daily and weekly expected move. Now maybe finding support down around VWAP. We'll watch and see what is what's happening in a minute. So those are the setups the uptrend of the morning. And then this reversal lower right around 1pm. Alright, let's take a look at NASDAQ. And hello, Derek. Welcome glad you're here. Alright, NASDAQ very similar pattern, some consolidation of the morning. For the first 20 minutes or so, then aggressive buyers start to come in, cumulative volume delta rising, bystop orders fuel to move higher. And note the stop orders level off. Kilometre volume delta starts to shift from bullish to bearish, starts to shift down. Same mechanical uptrend to finally a support resistance level that I talked about before, then aggressive sellers finally come in, just right around 1pm. Well, see what options traders were doing. So this is a combined signal for NDX and QQQ, just like the SAP 500, the SUAMIN. So net for the day, hero was rising although very choppy, rising up until about 1145, 1150. Let's see what traders were doing. So they were buying calls buying puts it looks like the put buyers more aggressive. But the stop orders and aggressive buyers in NQ, also the buyers in the magnificent seven were definitely driving price higher. Right, there's that. Sorry about that that I did not. That's nothing I did. So looking at it's just some kind of problem maybe with Chrome or something I'm not sure. So anyway, options traders taking positive delta positions net up until about 1145, then that shifts lower. Right, let's take a look, go back to book map. Alright, so I've already talked about the order flow in NASDAQ here very similar pattern to the SAP 500. Let's take a look at some stocks. So yesterday I talked about Meta, Nvidia and Tesla and traders were aggressively aggressively buying those stocks, aggressively buying calls selling puts. Yesterday, see, I believe. Well, anyway, traders were trading Meta, Nvidia and Tesla. Yesterday, same stocks today, bullish today. Alright, so let's take a look at hero and see what options traders are doing. We'll start with Meta, zoom in. First of all, we'll note the key gamma levels spot gamma levels. Here's the call wall at 320. There was some chop around that level earlier today, then around 1030 price broke above that level. Let's see what traders are doing. Let's just zoom in on this. So they were really sorry about that. I just can't do that. Anyway, they were up until about some of between 1045 and 11 buying calls selling puts.  So price was trading above the 320 call wall. And that that kind of call wall breach, especially early in the morning for a stock can help fuel the rally higher as price trades above all those calls at 320. Those calls go further in the money. So spot gamma assumes for a stock traders along calls, market makers are short calls. As those calls go in the money and traders continue to take positive delta positions, market makers need to continue to buy stock to hedge their delta exposure. So that what that can happen with a call wall breach, especially earlier in the day, as traders take positive delta positions, that can help fuel a rally higher. And the price targets above the 320 actually when price broke above the 320 level, these higher liquidity levels were price targets. This is the heat map and book map showing a history of resting limit orders in the order book above price. Those are limit sell orders. They tend to attract price and note the main target at 325 meta dot reach that level this morning, maybe trying to get up there again. All right, let's go take a look at hero again. So before it jumps on me again, traders taking positive delta positions in the morning, take the foot off the gas price finally responds lower as traders start taking negative delta positions. And now right around 115, they've started taking positive delta positions again, and prices moving higher. Alright, the next is Nvidia. Nvidia note the target at the 460 call wall. And then here's the 450 key gamma strike. So price traded above the 450 key gamma strike with this call wall as a target. Traders were buying calls and selling puts that shown by the rising orange line, the rising blue line, both positive, indicating positive delta positions and note this pretty typical behavior as options traders take their foot off the gas, the hero line levels off, so does price. And that typically happens right around 12 noon. Let's go take a look at book map. 12 noon Easter time. Let's go to book map. We'll take a look at Nvidia. Alright, so Nvidia was certainly as well as meta certainly helping to drive NASDAQ and the SMB 500 higher today, those are large components, especially Nvidia price sliced above the 460 call wall here. Then it leveled off as options traders started taking started took their foot off the gas right around noon. And now is consolidating maybe between 458 and 460. Let's see what options traders are doing now. We can get hero to stay still long enough. Alright, so they're still taking negative delta positions. So if I were looking for a long, I would look for the hero line, the purple line to, to tick up to move up pretty decisively before taking along. Alright, let's take a look at Tesla. Alright, so BoJ, BoG. Here's Tesla. Alright, Tesla, pretty similar story. In the morning, traders taking positive delta positions, shown by the rising purple line. We point out some levels on this chart. Here's the 270 call wall, which was the target at Tesla did not make it up there 260 is the key gamma strike. And similar story to Nvidia, options traders take their foot off the gas here a little bit earlier 1120 1130. They start taking negative delta positions and Tesla moves lower and continues to move lower. So if I were looking for a long again, I would look for options traders and start taking positive delta positions. Let's go take a look at book map. Alright, remember, for Tesla, let me make sure I got that right. 260 is the key gamma strike 270 is the call wall. No, I'm still on video. Sorry about that. 260 the key gamma strike. Very aggressive move higher in Tesla. You would have to be ready right at the open to trade Tesla to catch any of this. Alright, so here's the 270 call wall. 260 key gamma strike price slice right through that level. 270 call wall. Tesla quite did not quite make it up there. Very aggressive move higher in the morning. Don't all the aggressive buyers coming in. All the green volume dots confirming that move higher. Alright, BOG, hope that call is working out for you. Alright, does anyone have any stocks they want me to take a look at? Let's go back and take a look at the SB 500 and NASDAQ now. Alright, so the SB 500 still stuck in this consolidation. Let's see what options traders are doing. The SB 500. So options traders continue to take negative delta positions that started around 1115. Sorry, wrong tool. Let's just let's see what they've been doing today. Alright, so traders, this is pretty typical for the SB 500 are buying calls have been buying calls that shown by the orange line positive notional value and note that activity really stopped about 1115. Call buyers took their foot off the gas and then really started to buy puts shown by the falling blue line right around 1030. So put buyers more aggressive than call buyers today and net for the day. The total signal is negative negative notional value 2.88 billion negative. Alright, let's see what they're doing with zero DTE that shown by this green line here. The green line is showing next expiry options trades and for the SB 500. Those are options that expire at the end of the day. Today's there's zero DTE options and that's making up looks like a little bit over half of the total notional value for today. So zero DTE trades a large component of the options notional value today. So let's go back to the total. So the purple line is showing all expirations. Let's take a look and go back to the book map and note for the day that large traders have been selling pretty continuously fading those smooth hire with iceberg orders that shown by the falling light blue line. Large traders use iceberg orders to hide their size and cumulative volume Delta has been falling since right around one PM eastern time and note that the stop orders that fueled the move hire these by stop orders this short squeeze hire has started level off really right around noon as price consolidated then move lower. Alright so we know that the put van a fuel has been pretty much used up options traders have been taking negative Delta positions since around 11 I believe and then large traders have been selling had been fading this move hire with iceberg orders and then also the aggressive buyers have turned into sellers right around one one PM eastern time and then the stop orders again that have fueled the move hire have stopped. Alright so really the question now is will the S&B 500 find support at VWAP or all the forces that I just talked about helped to fuel the S&B 500 below VWAP. Let's take a look at NASDAQ so very similar story and order flow here. Large traders have been fading this move hire with iceberg orders Kimlet to volume Delta actually started to shift lower just after 1130 then more aggressively lower and has now shifted to negative for the day shown by the shift from the dark blue line to the pink line a magenta line looks like so far for NASDAQ the VWAP shown by the blue line there is not holding. Let's see what options traders are doing for NASDAQ so in the case of NASDAQ the options traders really they started taking positive Delta positions right around one then that's leveled off not really having a lot of impact on price. Let's see what they have been doing for the day so net for the day they have been buying puts also buying calls but buyers a little bit more aggressive notional value for today slightly negative minus 1.85 million let's go back to book map well it looks like NASDAQ may have found supportive VWAP after all so maybe these options traders are finally having an impact on price the options traders started taking negative Delta positive Delta positions right around one that activity leveled off let's go back to book map though it looks like NASDAQ still stuck in a consolidation between VWAP and NQ 15,300 right high profit take profit hello welcome glad you're here ask what what is the meaning of the yellow dot and hero so let's go take a look at that and then we'll wrap it up let's go back to the S&P 500 so what these yellow dots are are flow alerts indicating significant options and hedging activity and you would really have to take a look at the Brent the founder of spot gamma did a presentation on this a couple weeks ago when these flow alerts went were released to all spot gamma subscribers though they came out of beta and were available to all subscribers alpha subscribers that had access to hero so let's take a look these alerts a line with these alerts shown on the chart so for example let's see I don't know what might have some significant options activity I think this is Lockheed Martin yeah Lockheed Martin defense stock in play the last last couple of days so traders are selling calls selling puts shown by the positive notional value for the blue line negative notional value for the orange line both pretty small numbers but those those alerts appear on the chart also on the alerts here let's just take a look at one other let's see if we can find something else that may have a little bit more options activity they'll not really all right let's just go back to let's take a look at spy spy there are a number of alerts I don't know if that's correct or not sb 500 more alerts all right so that's those what those are the alerts they coincide with the alerts shown here all right let's take one last look at the sb 500 and book map NASDAQ still not consolidation the same for the sb 500 between VWAP and the upper daily expected move all right my time is up I want to thank everyone for watching thanks for your questions and comments and remember the data for the week really begins tomorrow with ppi at 8 30 a.m eastern time and the fomc minutes at 2 p.m which come out during my session all right thanks everyone for watching thanks for your questions and comments and I will see you tomorrow thanks again bye


Hey everyone and welcome back to Nintendo Prime. We got a couple stories for you today. One of them is a bit on the speculative side but also really interesting if you look at the history of how Nintendo has handled things on their social media accounts. And then the other one deals with Skyward Sword HD and a glitch inside that game that needs to be patched out like ASAP, like right now Nintendo. But before we get into that, we're gonna remind you we are giving away a Nintendo Switch OLED system. That's right, that brand new system with that very pretty screen that comes out the same day as Metroid Dread on October 8th. Yeah, we're giving one away and yes, it is the white version of it. If you would like to win one, all you need to do is be subscribed to the channel. That's it, nothing special. I mean, being subscribed is special. Joining the Nintendo Prime family, I guess that is pretty special. All right folks, let's get right into this because, woo, let's get into the big of them. This is probably why you clicked on the video is this story right here. Is Nintendo teasing something that's coming? Something that's coming that all of us would like to see happen. And that is an expansion of Nintendo Switch Online. Now, Nintendo Switch Online is really the worst part of Switch, right? Joy-Con Drift is also pretty bad but Nintendo Switch Online, obviously forcing us to pay to play online multiplayer. But more than that, you have to consider other things, other things like, oh, I don't know, how about the fact that we barely get updates to Nintendo Switch Online? One of the biggest selling points for Switch Online has obviously been the inclusion of the NES and SNES app. But even those apps get new games like once every few months now when they used to get a monthly and the games they've been getting of late are not that great. So yeah, we've been wanting, obviously, additions here and a lot of people think N64 is next up. We've talked about Ocarina of Time and Majora's Mask potentially coming to the platform through adding N64, but what about Game Boy? Obviously, we've had Game Boy games or advanced games and stuff added at different times in virtual console history, but when have we really gotten the full slate of it here on Switch? Well, we haven't. And what makes us think this is going to happen? Well, Nintendo tweeted out this image and this image is in regards to an ongoing series they have going on with Metroid Dread where they're digging into the history of the franchise and why Metroid Dread matters. And you'll see, obviously, they have four games in this image that they tweeted out and the four games obviously being the four games that precede Metroid Dread. And they do talk about in their feature on this that you can play two of those games on Nintendo Switch Online, but that's it. They kind of gloss over the other games since you can't really play them in any modern way at the moment, at least legally, unless obviously you go back and own the old platforms and the old games. And those obviously be Metroid Fusion, which was on Game Boy Advance, and then Metroid 2, which was on obviously Game Boy. And what's interesting is that Metroid 2 actually got remade with Samus Returns and story-wise, it's the same story. So Nintendo couldn't use this as an opportunity to talk about how you could buy Samus Returns for your 3DS, but we know 3DS is a discontinued platform, so Nintendo's not really pushing that. So why are they bringing up the originals? Well, obviously, besides them making sense in context for why Metroid Dread matters, they're also using Metroid Dread as a way to advertise the old games. But these are two games you can't get yet. Is this, then, Nintendo teasing that Game Boy's coming to the Switch? I think it actually makes a lot of sense, by the way, to add Game Boy to Switch and to add Game Boy Advance. I mean, we're talking about two different platforms here, because technically Game Boy, Game Boy Pocket, and Game Boy Color is one generation, Game Boy Advance, Game Boy Advance, SP, et cetera, be in another edition. So that is kind of the whole generation of two different generations of Game Boy. And are we going to get those added? Are those the next two platforms landing at the same time on Switch? And we're going to find out at a September Nintendo Direct? Possibly, right? Like, I think it would be really cool. There's a lot of cool other games, other franchises. I mean, we have Link's Awakening at Switch, but you can play the original or the DX version, you know, through something like this. Obviously, the Game Boy Advance and Game Boy has thousands and thousands of amazing games they could draw from, and it would really be a big boost, I think, even more so than the Nintendo 64 in some ways, because some of the best games from Nintendo 64 we obviously know from Nintendo. But a lot of the third-party ones, yeah, it's hard to get those. There's a lot of licensing things involved. But when it comes to the Game Boy and the Game Boy Advance, there's so many games Nintendo has control over that they would really have a lot of content they could be constantly updating to that platform for years and years and years, including reminding people how great Mario Golf used to be. Maybe Camelot needs to be reminded of that. But yeah, I think this is a very interesting way to look at this. There's a lot of fans. We're not alone in this. There's a lot of YouTubers and other fans making videos just on this because this is sort of interesting. Nintendo doesn't tease their old games often unless there's a way to resell them. They don't bring them up the way that fans might. Like, fans might talk about, you know, the history of Metroid and stuff like that, leading in the Metroid job. But if Nintendo's doing it and then marketing a couple of games through Switch Online because of it, okay, why can't they market the rest? Because it's not announced yet. So I find this to be very interesting and a potential tease at the future. Now, beyond all that, I did mention that Skyward Sword HD has a glitch in it. That glitch, well, there's been a couple of them really. There's been the one glitch in the dungeon where the box gets stuck and it's kind of like a soft lock and you have to go back and Nintendo, I don't think, has patched that glitch out yet. I personally didn't run into that glitch, but it doesn't mean it doesn't exist. But one glitch that has been 100% verified or certain is a big deal. And this one is where, when you beat the final boss in the game, and I'll just say his name, Demise. It's not a spoiler at this point. I'm not gonna tell you what happens in the fight, what the fight looks like, or what happens before or after the fight, but that is the final fight in the game. When you beat it and you're running the Dutch language option, the game freezes.  You do not get the post credit roll with the beautiful music that accompanies it, by the way. It's one of the best musical pieces in all of Zelda. And you obviously don't get the final cutscene. And the final cutscene is a huge deal to the lore of Zelda and potentially hints towards things in the next Breath of the Wild game, like the sequel to Breath of the Wild. Breath of the Wild 2, like there's potential hints there. And if you are playing on the Dutch language, you're stuck. You don't get to see it. Now, obviously, now that you know it's a language option thing, if you're playing Dutch, you can go change the language and get a change. The only language you know is Dutch. You don't know English. You don't know Spanish. You don't know French. You don't know any of the language. You're not gonna understand the cutscenes. So, it's really infuriating that this is a thing. Thankfully, we do live in the age of the internet and online play and updates. And I guarantee Nintendo's gonna release a patch that's gonna fix both the box glitch. And obviously this can't complete the game. At least the box glitch is one of those. Well, if you just go back to a previous save state, because there are like save states in this game, you can get around it. It doesn't get stuck every single time. But this is something that was happening every single time on the Dutch language option.  So, hopefully that's something that you guys can get taken care of. Anyway, folks, I am Nathaniel Rubblejads from Nintendo Prime. I wanna thank each and every one of you for tuning in. And if you enjoyed this video, drop a like, comment and subscribe. I'll catch you all in the next video.