All right, Lindsay here has a great question that I love talking about, which is documenting versus creating. That phrase came from Gary Vaynerchuk, and I've always appreciated hearing. The idea is instead of if you feel the pressure and kind of stress of creating content on a regular basis, maybe you ought to think of it as documenting your journey instead of like creating masterpieces or whatever.  Of course, you are going to be the one they think of in your field, because they are interested in your journey. They've been seeing you learn and grow along the way, and so you are the default expert for them. Lindsay's question is that very question is, well, would I be the expert if I'm documenting my journey and telling people what I'm learning and telling people the things I don't know? Am I still going to be seen as the expert? That's a very valid question. Gary Vaynerchuk uses the example of, let's say you want to become a world-class chef, but right now you're a beginner. You're just learning how to boil eggs properly or whatever. It's like imagine a chef who starts a YouTube channel on Instagram account or TikTok or whatever, all the above Facebook, and say, hey, this is the journey to becoming world-class chef. Today, I'm going to learn how to boil eggs. I'm going to put the eggs in, it cracks. No idea what I'm doing. I'm going to show you, as I learn along the way, and maybe see multiple takes and edit it together, or just a single take, an hour, like, okay, let me try to figure this out right now. Okay.  Now I know how to do it. Tomorrow, I'm going to learn how to make spaghetti, whatever. And then it's like every single day, this person is videoing their journey of how to look. And by month three, they're now making stir-fry this or whatever, or baking this thing. It's like, right? And by month six, by month nine, they're like, they're really, really learning every day. They're really, and they're showing you along the way. And they're kind of by default, it's just kind of growing audience. By the way, the more YouTube videos you upload, the more likely you win the YouTube lottery of having one of your videos go viral, and therefore having your channel become discovered by many people, but because the way YouTube works is by keywords. And just the more videos you upload, the more keywords are literally being out there for your channel on various, you put different things, I mean, imagine the chef, right? They're saying, learning how to boil eggs in one video, another, like learning how to make spaghetti, learning how to make stir-fry vegetables. It's like, all these videos are out there, and then of course, there's tons of other videos being out there, but some people will discover that, oh, this person is learning how to do this. How interesting. Let me see what they're doing. And then over time, like I said, nine months later, this person has become quite a better chef than most of us. You see what I mean? And by month 12, by month 16, now this person is like, let me show you the perfect way of boiling eggs. I've been doing this now for a year, and or, you know, every week for a year. And I mean, by the way, I actually know the perfect way of boiling eggs. I do a perfect, like soft boiled eggs, I can do it perfectly.  So imagine the chef has now like 12 months, 16 months, pretty damn good chef. Now if the chef were to, now people are following them to learn from this person, rather than just to kind of laugh along with the fact that they're like messing things up in the first six months, you see what I mean? Now they're learning from this person, right? And now the chef were to create an online course on how to make, you know, eggs, various kinds. And I'm like, yeah, this person, you could watch them. They know how to do it, and they know how not to do it too. You can watch them do it, right? Now, and imagine the chef started a restaurant, right?  I want to taste the food in person, because now they're like, this is like a household name in my household, like I'm watching this person's videos, or reading this person's blog posts, or whatever it may be. So the secret to becoming an expert when you're documenting the journey is the fact that you are doing it consistently, and you are literally growing.  And of course, they're proud of you, number one. Number two, they want to support you, because they've been part of your journey. Like the aha moments you've had, they're having along with you. And that's like the most powerful way of making information valuable is to give people aha moments, like moments of realization. And how do you give people those moments unless you bring them along the journey, right?  But seeing your growth means now your information is much more valuable for them, because they have been there with you. So how do you continue to be seen as an expert when you're documenting your journey? You just have to keep going. In the beginning, you have to be willing. Remember that chef who can't even boil an egg, right? Think of that person. You might be in that stage in some aspects of your work. And you can say, hey, listen, I messed up today. When I work with a client today, and by the way, and I'll just give you one more tip on this, if you're going to say you messed up, or you're going to be invulnerable and say, today I'm not doing good, also include, and this is what I'm going to do about it. So the chef said, God, I just messed up. I just messed up the eggs. So what I'm going to do about it is I'm going to figure out what's the right timing for putting the egg. So but for a coach, right? And I feel like I really messed up with the client today because I kept talking to the client when I felt like they afterwards I realized they really needed somebody to listen compassionately rather than just give the solutions right away. So next time, my next clients, I'm going to practice it. And you see what I mean? You tell them how you messed up and what you're going to do differently next time. And people are going, way to go. What are people going to say?  No, people are not going to say that. People are going to say, way to go. That's really interesting. That's a good point. Yes, I wish more coaches did that. Or if they're a potential client or if they're a fellow coach, like, yeah, you know, I learned that lesson too. And they're just going to cheer you on. And then month after month of watching you do this, now you've become quite a presence in their life. And who are they going to think of when they need a coach like you or a service provider like you? Of course. So in fact, what makes content interesting is some kind of arc of a journey, a hero's journey makes the content interesting. If somebody is always just saying, I'm so good at this and here's the tip I'm going to give you today, it's OK. There's tons of content like that. But someone who's willing to say, I messed up today. Now that's interesting. You've got my attention. What did you mess up doing? Now you've got my attention. I messed up today. And then now I'm doing it this way. I'm going to try doing this way. So stay tuned, because I'm going to keep sharing with you my messes and what I'm doing a little differently to try to recover. So I hope this helps.


I'm Jay Fidel. This is ThinkTech. This is Finding Global Justice. We are in a search for global justice. And today we're talking to Mutasim Ali, who's from Sudan, and who joins us from Baltimore, Maryland today by Zoom. Thank you for joining us on the show, Mutasim. Thank you, Jay, for what you did. I'm grateful to have this conversation. Well, I think it's important that we do. So my background on it is that when we talk about transitional, we're talking about changes that take place in a given country or area, and how it sort of shakes things up. And maybe you don't have the rule of law the way you'd like, and people take advantage of each other, and you get all kinds of bad acts. And when we talk about, therefore, when we talk about transitional justice, we're talking about those acts and how to deal with them. And we're talking about Sudan. Lord knows Sudan has had plenty of trouble. And I wanted to ask my friend Alexa over here, if she would help us with the definition of transitional justice. I'm going to do that now, if you don't mind, Mutasim. Yeah, go ahead. Alexa, what is transitional justice? According to Wikipedia, transitional justice consists of judicial and non-judicial measures implemented in order to redress legacies of human rights abuses. Such measures include criminal prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programs, and various kinds of institutional reforms. Okay, that's helpful to start. And maybe you can tell us also, you're a lawyer, as I understand Mutasim, and you're with the Project Expedite Justice, which is actually out of Hawaii. So could you talk about Project Expedite Justice and what you do as a lawyer in connection with transitional justice in Sudan? Thank you once again, Jay, for the opportunity to discuss this timely topic. I think it is extremely important. This is not just for Sudan, but also worldwide and probably, you know, very relevant to America today. You know, I joined the Project Expedite Justice August 2020. And one of the reasons why I joined this incredible organization, I'm grateful for the opportunity to work with incredible lawyers who are very much dedicated to protecting and preserving human rights and making actually our world a better place. Part of the reason why I joined Project Expedite Justice is because of the commitment to human family. What we do basically is to follow human rights violations and to do our best to remedy the affected communities as a result of authoritarianism, prosecutions, world crimes, and crimes against humanity and genocide. There are a lot of things, you know, that we do not just litigation, but also raising awareness, training attorneys in, you know, in many places. As you know, Project Expedite Justice is based on Hawaii, but we do work in many places in Africa, in Ethiopia, in South Sudan, in Sudan, in Europe, in Cambodia, and there are many places we do a lot of work. And of course, you know, this continues as we continue to experience and witness human rights violations across the world. For me, particularly, it's very important, right, as a person from Sudan. You know, I speak here as a lawyer, but also, you know, I am a survivor of atrocities in Darfur. I don't know if you heard about Darfur. Darfur is in the western part of Sudan. And for your audience, Sudan is northeastern Africa. And Darfur is located in the western part of Sudan, where genocide was committed, world crimes and crimes against humanity. And for me, is currently special to join such organization. Maybe you can help us understand exactly what was going on. And for that matter, what is going on in Sudan over these war crimes. You know, I get the notion that when you're talking about transitional justice, it's because people were dislocated. Because for one reason or another, they had to move from their existing environment to another, or they were disrupted in some way. And then you have people taking advantage of them. But what was the, at least on the superficial level of it, why were their war crimes conducted? What was the hostility in Darfur that made for such bad conduct? So Darfur is one part of the largest Sudan that is experiencing atrocities. There were other parts. For decades, Sudan has grappled with authoritarianism and the military coups that, you know, produced marginalization and prosecution. South Sudan is one of the regions, now it's like a new independent state, that where approximately two million people were murdered as a result of a civil war between Sudan and South Sudan. There are a lot of arguments about the root causes of the civil war. But not only the government of Sudan targeted its civilians, right? This is not a militia group that targeted other people. It is atrocities sponsored by the government, right? And Darfur in 2003, when the government recruited militia groups named John DeWitt, these are tribal militias. They were recruited to support the government to fight rebel groups that picked up machine guns to fight against marginalization towards, you know, democratic Sudan. Those militias, together with the government, committed, you know, various human-wise violations to say the least. Genocide, that's why the former president of Sudan, Omar Bashir, was indicted by international criminal court for, you know, genocide in Darfur, war crimes and crimes against humanity. Over approximately 300,000 people were murdered in Darfur. Over two and a half million people were displaced from their original homes. And now the living IDP camps and internally displaced persons camps. And there are others who are refugees in the neighboring countries like Chad, Central Africa Republic. And there are many who somehow successfully made it to Western countries. And so this is just a glimpse of, you know, what is happening, actually, in my home country, in Darfur in Sudan. And that's why we're having this conversation today about transitional justice. We have, like we speak about transitional justice, usually in post-conflict societies, right? Because we like to move from repression or authoritarianism to democratic societies. And so how do we do that? This is why we speak about transitional justice.  One is to, it's a recognition for the recognition of victims, right? Like we do transitional justice to recognize, right, to sympathize with the victims of atrocities. This is number one thing. Number two is to also memorialize, right, like memorialize the atrocities, like in a stall museum. So to make sure that these events are very well documented. And so, and the most important thing is reconciliation, right? Like a societal healing that we are, yes, post-conflict era and that now we can live together and, you know, begin democratic transition. Well, I get two things out of that. One is transitional for this purpose is the transition toward in the direction of democratic government from autocracy and dictatorship to a democratic government. That's the transition we are talking about in Sudan. How far along is Sudan? Is Sudan closer to a democratic government now than it was when this started, what, 20 years ago? I'd like to say the answer is yes. Because in 2018 and after, you know, several protests, like wide public outrage against, you know, the former regime of President Bashir, the military, transitional military consulate in Sudan removed Bashir from office, right? A person who has been in office for nearly 30 years, he committed a process, as I said, in Darfur, in South Sudan. And there are other areas, right? Noba Mountains and Blonheim. And so the people of Sudan successfully removed him from office. Now, that's just one step towards that transition, because Sudan still deals with the remnants of the Bashir regime. And it is not easily, you know, it cannot be easily removed from the system. And so it's going to take a little while. And part of that, part of the process in the country right now is the transitional justice, right? And to begin the transitional justice, there are a few things that, you know, Sudan and many countries who aspire to begin the transitional process need to do. One is to set truth commissions, right? The idea of these truth commissions is to, you know, they're basically non-judicial investigative bodies. There are temporary commissions. And the goal of these commissions is to make reports about violence, abuse that occurred, the causes of those, you know, atrocities and abuse, and the consequences, right? This is very important, again, is to set the truth, to acknowledge the atrocities and to recognize the victims, right?  This is part of accountability, right? Because the reason why we do criminal prosecutions is not only for punishment, but also to say that, you know, to end impunity. Because if we do not end impunity, it raises another issue of revenge, right? Like anybody can say, hey, okay, my family was killed and the person killed, my family is still alive and no accountability, then I can easily revenge. And so we will never end that circle of violence, right? And abuses. And so that's why accountability is important. Then we have reparations or address for the victims, right? Because again, the crimes and human rights violations are so grave. And for that, it is necessary to remedy the victims, right? That's like another whole subject. But again, remedy is one key element. And then the most important thing is institutional reforms. And that would be relevant here in America as well. Yes, a lot of those are relevant in America right now. Right. And so because most of the atrocities, let's say in the case of Sudan, were committed by the state, right? Not only by militia or paramilitary groups by the state, which means that there is an institutional problem. And that institutional problem needs to be addressed, right? And it is part of this transitional justice to address that institutional problems. Just one thing to say to conclude this point is that transitional justice is not meant to address all the issues in the society. Not at all. It is just one step to deal with the past so that we can move forward towards a prosperous future. You mentioned reconciliation. And I think I would like to know where that fits in this continuum of the corrective steps that a given country needs to take, that Sudan needs to take to have a decent quality of personal and political life and safety and security. But the reconciliation, does that come at the end after you've done all these other things, including reform, to come throughout? As I mentioned that a lot of these issues are present right now at the end of the Trump administration. A lot of people say, well, we want retribution. We own punishment. Accountability means punishment. And other people say, no, no, no. Let's reconcile. Let's turn the other cheek. Let's move on and not engage in retribution and punishment. How does that compare with the continuum that you're describing in Sudan with respect to transitional justice? So all of these elements can go hand in hand. But I think number one thing is you need to set a fact-finding mission, like a truth commission. That's first and foremost. But in terms of where reconciliation fits, reconciliation as a term is more of, is the victim-centered approach. Because if victim said, hey, we would like to have punishment instead of amnesty, then that's what happens, right? Because the most important thing is to satisfy victims.  And so if that reconciliation means punishment, then it would be punishment. If it means amnesty, then it will be amnesty. But at the end of the day, when we look at a number of examples, right, for instance in Rwanda, it really doesn't have to be either punishment or amnesty. It could be something in between. And so an example of Rwanda is really, you know, it is incredible because after horrific atrocities that were committed on Rwanda, Rwanda is now moving forwards, right? They actually establish community tribunals, as they call it, Gochacha tribunals. These are meant to aid, satisfy victims to see that how trials are conducted. And that's how the healing began. And so reconciliation and punishment and all of those things are mainly victim-centered. Very interesting. When you get to the end of the continuum, I guess it comes to time when somebody says, okay, we have achieved what we wanted here. We have, you know, had reform, reconciliation, and where appropriate punishment and all that. Is it a certainty that this all won't happen again? Because you do need a government and a people who are part of the government and who are heard by the government. You have to have a rule of law where dictators are not permitted to take power and so forth. Can we be sure that when you get to the end of the transition, so to speak, that it all won't happen again? No, we cannot be sure, unfortunately. But that's part of the reason why we have institutional reforms, right? Because generally speaking, democracies and governments are, you know, sort of fragile institutions. And those institutions need to be sort of strengthened regularly, need to be protected regularly. And part of that protection is to, you know, to do law reforms, right? And for, and law reforms is not something, you know, it's not a static thing, right? Like, you know, human rights are evolving, right? Like nobody thought 100 years ago that there's a good right to development for an instance, right? Now it became a right. And so we have to keep adopting ourselves as we go along. And that's why the institutional reforms is an essential element in the transitional justice. Again, we will never make sure that, you know, that those atrocities or crimes will not be committed again. But once again, if we have strong institutions, strong, you know, laws that do not prosecute or discriminate against people, then we have bigger chances to live in peace. You know, one of the things you said, you talked about the truth commissions, I find that very interesting. Because we, you know, we've had trouble with truth in our government over the past administration. And everybody is very concerned about that. And then, you know, you read all the commentary and it suggests that if you don't have truth in government, if you don't have public truth, you wind up in a dictatorship. It's a slippery slope when you start telling lies to people. And especially when you tell a lot of lies or big lies. And that really touches me to hear about truth commissions. But query, you know, how do you prevent falsehoods from entering into the conversation later? Do you need to reform on that as well? Where there's a rule somewhere that says, no, you may not tell lies if you are in power or aspiring to power? Now that's the most difficult parts. Because on one hand, we do not want to have, you know, people in charge of our government to lie, because in the end, the consequence will be, you know, the events as we saw in Washington DC last week, right? And that's, that's terrible. But on the other hand, it raises another issue of freedom of speech, right? Like, how do we balance, you know, between these two compelling arguments? That's really a difficult thing to do. But at the end of the day, in the context of transitional justice, you know, when we say truth commission, we primarily mean to document the event, like to discover what happened, right? Like for people to know, right? Like, if how many people were killed, right? Why were they killed? What were the root causes and how can we prevent those are the reasons why we, but in terms of, but what we see in America today, that's really a very difficult conversation.  That's what makes America unique on one hand. But on the other, you know, we don't want to continue to see the events as we saw in Washington DC. And by the way, the events we saw in Washington DC, those were not the first time to see such events, right? Like America has a very long history of such events as, you know, going back to slavery to lynching period, 1982 to 1968 and all of those, those are horrific events, right? And we continue to see that. And so it is really, that's a really difficult conversation for Americans to have. But again, I think the most important part here is that we have to have, you know, serious conversation here speaking of an America, right? Sometimes such conversation might be uncomfortable, but we've got to speak about that so that we can move to a more, to a safer society. Yeah. Well, every country that wants to have democracy, that pretends to have democracy, has to be engaged in a public conversation, a true public conversation where people are informed and educated. And I think that's one of the problems in the U.S., but it's probably a problem in many countries around the world. You describe a sequence of events, a sequence of steps that are in aid of going to democracy, of enhancing democracy, of building democracy in Sudan. But don't you need for that a certain public information system, an educational system where people know what the right is and they know what their rights are and they know what a war crime is and what is a violation of their rights and how the government should work. It seems to me that one critical piece in Sudan, in the United States and everywhere, if you want to have a democracy, people have to be educated about what it means that the relationship of the public and the government, it has to be understood. So what is happening in Sudan about that? Right. So because Sudan is not yet in the process of, I would say in the beginning of transitional justice, we're far away from providing such information for people to be aware of their rights, of human rights violations, on all of those stuff. But in the end, you eloquently elaborated on that, like giving information to a public is an important thing to do. And that has to be, you know, because in the end, even if we make a lot of forms, so the institutional reforms, if not translated into information for public to know, then we still did not do much. And so for that reason, distributing accurate information and for public to have access to information is the key towards better society.  You're with Project Expedite Justice. You understand and advance the notion of democracy and human rights, and you you want to stop violations of human rights and atrocities and war crimes. What are you doing in that regard? What steps are you taking and why? And maybe you could tell us a little about how you were a victim back in Sudan. Right. So one of the things I am doing is by working for and with incredible people at the Project Expedite Justice. This is one of the things that we make. That's how I think I can make a change. You know, I left Darfur when I was 16. My family is still in internally displaced persons camp. Now it's 18 years, right? I've seen the events in Darfur. And that's how I'm driven, right? The reason what actually, you know, I studied geology before becoming a lawyer, and I had to shift my specialty because of the pain that the people in Darfur and across Sudan are enduring. And I am really committed to do whatever I can to support people back. And I am incredibly, you know, grateful to find people who share with me this mission. And those people are my colleagues at Project Expedite Justice. Of course, we have our hands are not very long, right? We cannot reach everywhere, but we are determined and committed to making our world a better place. So can you talk about the interests of the world in Sudan these days, and in the mission of Project Expedite Justice? I mean, for example, do you get help from other agencies around the world, other countries? Do you get help from NGOs? Do you get help from the the International Court of Criminal Justice? Do other countries step in and try to help you achieve these goals? Or is it all internal in Sudan, you know, with help from organizations limited to organizations like Project Expedite Justice? Thankfully, you know, in the last two years, after the overthrow of the former president, Omar al-Bashir, you know, a lot of people in an international community sort of really extended their hands and to support the Sudanese people to move towards, you know, peace and instability. And there are many international organizations, there are many grassroots organizations that are involved in this. But because the needs, the needs are so high, right? Like there's so much that the country needs, the country was almost, you know, the country vanished, right? And so there is much need to be done. You know, the International Criminal Court is now, you know, prosecuting a case of mass atrocities and war crimes and crimes against humanity in Darfur. There are a lot of challenges. But that's a good thing for the victims to know, hey, there is a, there's prosecution going on and that's a good step. It really instills hope in the hearts of the victims. But not only victims in Darfur, but across the world, right? Like the crimes against humanity, you know, cannot go without, you know, without accountability. perpetrators must be held accountable. That's a good thing. At Project Expedite Justice, we do our part in terms of training local lawyers to document, to investigate and prosecute human rights violations, to train lawyers to how to navigate through different mechanisms, right? Like we know that there are domestic mechanisms, if possible. If not, then we have regional mechanisms or international mechanisms, such as International Criminal Court. And so this is one of the things that we do. And, you know, we communicate on a databases with our, you know, with our partners in Sudan to just think of what would be the best way to help them, you know, participate in the transition. Must be interesting in a case pending in Darfur, or anywhere in Sudan, to make a case for war crimes and violation of human rights and all. Who is going to oppose that case? Who would step forward and take the other side of it? Oppose your attempts, the Project Expedite Justice attempts to prosecute. And how hard is it to deal with those people who would oppose you? And the moment, you know, we're not litigating case in Sudan, except one case that is and hopefully will come up to litigate more cases. But we have only one case at the moment, which is the French Bank, BMP, Bariba Bank. That's one case, which is a huge case. And I hope that one or more cases will come. But to your question, of course, there are a lot of people, you know, who just as is not in the best of their interest. Among them, the perpetrators, these are people who will definitely oppose prosecutions and accountability. The remnants of the former regime that will oppose the prosecution, particularly when we speak of international prosecutions. I'd also like to say that maybe there are some people in the current government, because we have a very complex government. It's like a joint government between civilian leaders and military generals. And those military generals were part, all of them were part of the Bashir regime. And so, you know, prosecution for the crimes committed in Darfur might not be in their interest. And so we personally expect some opposition there. But in the end, the crimes committed in Darfur will be prosecuted. And perpetrators will be held accountable. And victims will be remitted with rest for the grievances that they endured. Good. And there are a lot of people in this country and other countries who want to see that happen because they believe that war crimes are crimes not only against the individual victims or individual countries, but they're crimes against humanity everywhere. And they cannot be permitted to exist and be committed, you know, by any moral authority in the world among humanity. And so I do want to ask you about the United States. The United States has been isolationist over the past four years, query whether the United States has been helpful in dealing with these moral issues in trying to suppress crimes against humanity. And I'd also like to know what you would hope from the Biden administration going forward in that same regard. What do you think, Mutasi? Number one thing I think is the United States and the Biden administration must reverse the damage caused by the Trump administration. I don't know if you're aware of this, but the Trump administration actually imposed sanctions on the ICC personnel, the ICC prosecutor. And that's real trouble in addition to many other human rights bodies. And so number one thing is for the Biden administration to, you know, to correct the damage that, you know, made by the Trump administration. And number two is to, I really hope, I don't know if this is likely to happen, but to join the ICC Rome Statute, right? Rome Statute is the governing status of the International Criminal Court. And I hope that the United States will join that, especially after witnessing, you know, the atrocities in the last and the crimes that are committed, not only in America, but across the world in the last four years. And I think this is one of the things that will be a key in the Biden administration. Of course, now we're dealing with new circumstances, COVID-19. And that sort of created another issue, right? Like there were many other human rights violations as a result of COVID-19. And that's sort of, it requires a special consideration. But at the end of the day, I think, you know, Biden administration needs to be committed, not to human rights issues, but not only committed, but also to support the organizations that do incredible work to protect and preserve human rights. Yeah, it's an obligation on all of us. Some of us do more. You do more. And we should appreciate you and think about you every day doing what you do. And I know I'll be watching the inauguration on Wednesday, and I know you will, too. And while I watch Mutasim, I'll be thinking of you. Thank you. I appreciate you're coming down today. Thank you. I hope we get to talk again soon. Appreciate it. Thank you so much. Thank you. Aloha. Take care. Bye-bye.


Welcome listeners to a new episode for the network world here on Radio Korax, the free radio around the local area in Germany and also on the internet. We are welcoming you, we are connected remotely by the internet, we are sitting in our own rooms and want to have a show and Lisa is our guest today. Hello Lisa. Hello. Also there are Nilo and Markus and Tim and Joti and today maybe you already noticed in my voice we are talking about something that I find a heavy topic. It's about fake news. Everything is fake. Lisa is doing research in that area and yeah we want to talk about that and of course the reason is the Covid-19 pandemic, well there was an incident in Berlin, the corona demonstration, they were demonstrating or protesting the corona, not the pandemic itself but counter measures. And people were trying to enter the western, yeah we want to talk about this whole topic. So Lisa maybe you can tell us, what made you look into this and what exactly are you checking out. Maybe at the beginning I should clarify that I'm not doing research, I am working in media pedagogy, sorry I have trouble with that word, so I am looking into reactions on the network and try to develop competences about doing research and how to distinguish fakes and conspiracies and fake news and I have been working on that for a long time. I have workshops with kids and teenagers, especially in the last few months we already mentioned with the corona pandemic, it got increasingly more so we are noticing it more and the public is noticing it more, the internet is over flooded with fake news and just people claiming things and that is my incentive. So yeah, people claiming things that are wrong, just like it happened to me, that I am saying you are doing research, that's part of your everyday work but that's what we want to talk about today as well. So we want to talk about claims that are done knowingly or what you put it differently. So maybe let me put it this way, there is the claim that this covid virus or this corona virus, there is the claim that it is a weapon created by the Chinese to attack all of us, so where does the claim come from, why don't people believe that, I think that first we have to differentiate, what are we even talking about and yeah, you already said that there are fakes and fake news and those are claims that are made knowingly, those are fakes that don't happen by accident but people know what they are saying, they try to manipulate something, it's not people telling something when they don't know any better and of course we have to learn how to handle that as well, we have to be critical with things we are reading online but that also happens in every talk we have in everyday life, whenever we are talking to someone, that can happen but here we have a political dimension, so this is used as an instrument to manipulate people's opinions and when we then go a step further with the example you mentioned, the virus that some government used it and created it, those are actually conspiracy theories, oh I'm not saying theories, it's because a theory would have some kind of evidence or scientific claim but here usually we don't actually have that so it's better to talk about conspiracy myths and of course that's a political instrument as well, to also use your own ideology or strengthen your own ideology and bring it into the public and convince people if possible, especially in this context because you were asking why do people even believe that, yeah that's also something especially in a pandemic it's a crisis, it's a health crisis and a public crisis and a lot of people don't know how to handle a crisis, they are really insecure about their own lives, how will I go on, will I get sick myself, will I lose my job, so they are losing control, basically for all people but some people can handle it better and others can't handle it as well and some can compensate for it and others can't and such a conspiracy myth that can be a crutch because such a myth, it provides a simple answer, stand and ideally it fits my world's image and that's easier to stand than all these insecurities so could it be said that the more crises there are because I'm seeing a lot of crises that came since, let's say at least the last 20 years I mean there was terror, there was war and now even starting more than 10 years ago the finance crisis could be said that the insecurity grows due to this and the people get more willing to believe other explanations other than facts provided by scientists for example yes and there has been research for that into that that people more readily believe those conspiracy narratives the more the crisis happens so that can be a public crisis like the pandemic but it could also be a personal crisis like losing your partner so whatever makes you feel like you lose control and adding the internet to all this and how the internet works with the social networks that also filter what we see that can also increase this yeah it can lead to filter bubbles where you only get news that go into a certain direction and that reinforces these narratives yeah just looking at the last 10-20 years that has increased definitely but it doesn't maybe only help me to me if I or does it happen to me more if I'm only in such groups and don't listen to real news anymore because just personally subjectively I can't imagine that because you said that it's that you are looking for more easy solutions rather than the complex reality when I look into this I don't really think the solutions they are offering are simple it's not a simple thing to say the earth has flat or the gates wants to control us so the gates created the virus so he can vaccinate us that's a complex story and difficult to follow so how does that work do you think if you mix your media well that doesn't happen well one thing to the Bill Gates conspiracy for example that's mostly because you have a person you have a face you have a project area where you can project your feet fears the virus is invisible and mixing the news and the media yeah of course that plays a role if you only are in social networks and for example Facebook it's a very they like it in those circles or for example messengers like telegram now that's a completely closed group and people in those groups all day every day they feed each other with reinforcing information yeah if I diversify my information that gets thin so it's not reinforcing itself but people don't want that they want their own worldview reinforced so if they are looking for easy solutions yeah that's at least one reasoning because there are different reasons at least the question is it a new phenomenon or because you know fake news existed before now it did this get created by a filter bubbles and the technology or was this a thing early in history yeah there was something actually so the name fake news itself it was first used publicly 1890 in the American or in the English language American lexicon website dictionary that was the first documented use yes since then I would say since there are news and public communication there's also the phenomenon of fake news of course to varying degrees sometimes fake news are just accidents but sometimes that was on purpose let's just think about propaganda during the Nazi time for example there was a lot of fake news if you want to call it that so it's not a new phenomenon but what is changing because of the options of the possibilities due to social networks is that every single one of us has the possibility to publish publicly so you don't need to be a journalist anymore or you don't need to have some feeling of responsibility you can just put out your opinions into the net and what we could not do yet and so what's out to handle is even base that at the same time as the options the possibilities grow we also have the responsibilities grow so we should think about what is happening with all the information that I put out there all the news I put out there everyone can see that so it did change a little but the phenomenon itself is not a new thing yeah but the amount well it feels like the amount increased a lot this year but I can't really tell I saw the pictures from the thing in Berlin from the incident there were a few things where you would think okay well it's not just five to six crazy people that you see in the marketplace every week but it is quite a lot of people and I can't really tell how is it is it more because not all of them did go to Berlin this many people did go well it won't be a few million like they like to claim I don't know how many there were maybe 20,000 I don't know I think even 38,000 at the last demo so yeah it's crazy it's disturbing how many people there are it's all over the society and I mean 10 years ago I was laughing who could believe something like that but now I'm scared so no it's not funny what's happening there and that's not something I want to say it's something from Karina Nukun by a video that will be in the show notes people prefer believing and that's what I don't understand crazy stories I want to say for example I mean reality is that this virus mutated and it changed in a way that it can now jump from the animals to humans and probably humans are responsible for that in some way because of the markets what's happening with the animals there but it did happen and I think it's easier to accept that as reality than to think that all of this was planned for a long time and yeah just choose an enemy Bill Gates juice or someone to get world domination and I also think you have to recognize that the people who distribute those fake news it's not just some random person of course every day people also tell crazy things like onions can heal everything or can heal corona but a lot of these people they do it semi-professionally with a political agenda and those people it has to be said it is mostly a right wing and they try to justify their own worldview using now this way to attack the existing system the existing political system our free and democratic system they want to at least weaken it with this very emotional topic and they they tried that before they had different topics before but now they use this topic and yeah the same time I also think that yeah 38,000 people in Berlin that's so many people way too many but there were also other interviews that showed that at least 80 of the public are also wanting to fight corona using these measures that were taken so it shouldn't influence us too much because of course the media is looking at this very closely and we see it in the news every day all day and in the end you have a feeling like yeah hold up Germany is full of Nazis difficult for me I mean see at the marketplace in Halle and also one year ago this this terror attack in Halle where there was a person who is a politician and in Kassel and he was murdered by an extremist and I'm scared about that I want to go freely around in my surroundings outside without having fear of yeah people accusing me and this is attacking the stability of our of our living together of our society yes I mean the diverse leaks from conversation strategies for example from the identity chair next from a group in Germany and yeah what we see there is how they I don't know how to say it in the correct way but how they communicate in the net and they call it an informational war and this is actually a disinformation campaign which from above is enforced and yeah those are people who also in real life are ready to take violence to be violent and they are also radicalized in the net and radicalizing others and those are very fast at topics like hate speech hate speech in the internet and this is going to be a lot the fake news have to be a lot worse a lot harsher so that it's still going on because if this doesn't happen the people don't follow them anymore and this is how the radicalization is already part of this so what can we do can we do anything we can try to talk about it to educate about it to put it in context yes of course I think it is very important to have it on the radar that it happens that it exists and I hear from many people especially in the last years I did a lot of talks to this topic a lot of workshops and many people were really sad because they didn't know anymore what to do with their family members or their friends who never had anything to do with the extreme right but now I into the topic through those conspiracies and the people are searching for ways and solutions to talk with those people those friends and family members it's really difficult I don't know if you had the problem before or yeah if you know someone who comes with an argumentation like that you really have trouble getting to that person this isn't what this person wants to discuss facts it's more like a psychological thing that yeah you have to be like more therapy you have to make a therapy and you can't claim this from people who aren't educated in it and you can't just come from the outside if you see someone I had a I met someone in a staircase a person whom I know from a long time ago and I didn't have much of a motivation to discuss with him but yeah if it's like in your personal inner circle with friends or people it's very difficult I think it's hard because you can't start with real arguments because they say you're the sleeping sheep or they don't believe you and no argument is working yeah exactly it's not about having the best argument or scientific data but Katharina Nodun is writing about that in her new book and it's about yeah it's about relations maybe you should ask how are you actually I can relate with that with my grandparents in their generation they are very skeptical against migration and people from other countries and if something goes wrong they always say it's the people who came here from abroad and you can't argue with them but you have to sit down very calm and tell them well it actually isn't like that and if you look around we aren't actually really affected by that but you can't think that they people given eventually but sometimes maybe they think about it in the aftermath yeah you have to differentiate when they got in this dust is belonging to their whole world view especially the people who just drifted away in the last month there you should really try it before they get into this deeper what I asked myself those people don't realize themselves they drifted away but do you realize it yourself that you are in such a filter bubble that you believe such a theory yeah that's a very good point because of course also we maybe probably everyone has their theories and their bubbles who are maybe a little more transparent than others but the difference or yeah you have to reflect yourself if you realize that you yourself in discussions talk yeah don't argue with facts but with just one answer and always tell that there's just one answer then that can be a hint that maybe you are a little too too focused if you only have like one answer and I think that in my filter bubble and also in the networks but generally also with the people who are in my surroundings there you already realize in the communication and how people say things that you are still open for other views but I don't know maybe also this is just something I use as an excuse what I can imagine is that especially because of the pandemic the science and everything that is evidence-based should be shared with the public so that people can relate to it see it and that the communication with the science have to be so good that fact-based things can be transported into the public they're very nice introductions into that that are backed by studies and presented in a nice way maybe you can use this as an introduction this is right but this only gets a very small part of the population because you need to have some knowledge to understand it and there are big parts of the population who you need to pick up at a very different point and for example people who are very placative in speaking like you are a mother of three children no father and you have to think about nurturing the children and you don't have time to get into such stuff but there is some point where you have to get off steam and then I might be more prone to those easy answers I mean this is very placative it don't have to be like that in all cases but I think this is a very important point and school I mean much of that that now is helping me to identify fake news and to identify for example how trump is agitating much of this knowledge I know from school from histories lessons but also from science what can I trust in what can I use already as a young person and now this helps me to um difference th things topic school is very interesting for example in a german newspaper there was an article about this about the competence of teachers and I will pack the link in that you can see it it's about how teachers trust in the usual media and also in this group there's a lot of skeptics against the media so yeah they don't trust the established channels channels and if you have the situation that even the teachers in the school don't believe in this then who is showing it to the children yeah maybe the youtubers who have a lot of followers and maybe they are like a big brother assistant who can educate the children but then of course in your youtube account also the pretty bubble has to be the right one yeah then you don't have those who like do tiktok and want to play like a nice word but to educate them and I mean it's actually really funny because this youtube thing it's all from a capitalist standpoint that it emerged but yeah you say it's very difficult to get to this target group and I wish that this is a lot easier like earlier like in the lessons with the teachers tell me something in like 20 minutes and not with all those scientific effects and stuff and I just wanted an explanation like simple that you explain it to me yeah I mean it's not like you only can be there for 20 minutes with your head um it's very interesting but it's very difficult and then you'd rather be yeah when you think about kids they have school already all day they have those lessons that scientific stuff that you want to have and maybe they want to change they want something more entertainment for a change now there was once upon a time there was this trend to have documentations or docus and they try to make those to an hour and just have four facts but I want more yeah so we are already talking who is still listening who is radio very good white people with music oh short music intro right now there is a short interim that explains to the radio listeners what was happening yeah when I think fake news I think twitter and I noticed that twitter posts now nowadays are marked sometimes even by the yeah even by people who were told several times that it might not be correct do you think that is a good way that should be used more in the future to mark obviously wrong things well that has been a bit debate for a long time who is responsible for yeah for hate speech but also for fake news to remove that from the net or how we should handle that and politicians often say well the networks they are responsible they should do it but the networks say well so far they said no we are only having a platform and whatever the users do that's not our responsibility well in the past the networks also were slow to react then there came this new law in germany that was that was supposed to force the networks to remove hate speech for example surprisingly now with all these fake news around corona we could see that the networks were reacting quite quickly in a very short amount of time they were changing their standards community standards and changing their algorithms so at least at youtube on youtube fake news were deleted more quickly and also the algorithms they were working differently from before differently from before so you were not getting 10 more fake news right after this conspiracy and also twitter now has this mark not only that now they also have this banner on this location where it says yeah here you can get scientific information and a link so youtube is now linking to the official website where you can find scientific information and i like that they are reacting more quickly but i also have a bit of a stomach ache because i am not certain i want to trust the technology there because it's never as reliable as who would like it to be so it's not exactly filtering what we would like filtered but what what about satire so the german version of the onion post york that's not fake news it's satire and it's very difficult to decide what is fake news who has the authority to write on the internet and that is a whole different kind of worms basically because i don't want profit-oriented companies to decide on those so yeah filtering as well but more content at the people that's mostly it and yeah more netiquette i heard an old thing on youtube and one of the comments was i am old and i listened to this a long time ago and i still like it and a lot of other people said yeah i'm also older than 60 older than 70 and they were very polite and someone said your old people are so cute and i'm sitting there and thinking your old people you're not cute you are not cute you're civilized you're talking about a topic and that's what the platform is there and in this case it was a song of course they were talking nicely and they weren't saying the other one was better and no you are wrong and youtube comments are sometimes like terrible i'm not saying that's that way everywhere but you have to choose your community well and i myself think i closed that i don't need that as a teenager i can see the pressure to also be into the more cool or established communities as a grown-up i can see well it's a toxic community i'm not reading that anymore i'm not needing that i have enough hate without having hate in my free time as well but yeah i know that i'm building a bubble myself just a bubble without hate yeah but i also think that's a it's a nice wish because i also would like that and we were talking about responsibility before so people don't understand what are the options what are the possibilities and what are the responsibilities of talking freely and being careful about what they write online and how they might hurt other people with what they're writing and that's something that has to be learned and i have a feeling that some people have no impulse control i notice it in myself sometimes you're reading a tweet and think wow that's so stupid and you would like to start a flame war basically but i usually try to keep myself back and lay it away and think about it maybe write something qualified but not in this emotional process but that's what happens it's like like a high where you are putting out exclamation marks you also never know how older people are i could imagine that maybe they have less experience some of these people might have less impulse control and that would be my question what part of the problem are kids and teenagers because that's not what you see in the public discourse how old someone is that varies widely you cannot just generally say kids and teenagers because it's also a question of groups and well communities just as they are talking to each other differently in the schoolyard it's also online and i would say in part they sometimes know better what they are doing and what is uncool online more so than some adults but yeah it's a very personal thing but yeah teenagers at least in school they get the option to talk about these things depending on their teachers of course they might even be workshops to these topics about these topics yeah but some adults it's really difficult don't you think that in with kids in school that there is a very different socializing when i think back that we had a chat for our classroom and if someone was misbehaving then this group could also self-regulate especially if there was just one sticking out yeah definitely that is happening and i would say in many classrooms i would say pretty much every classroom has a whatsapp group now but in most classes that i have seen there are rules for the chat room so the students together they talked about it together with their teacher and they talked about cybermobiles and that's something that's definitely happening but they are creating rules for themselves how strictly they stick to the rules that's another topic as always and how well the teacher can observe that but yeah there are many groups where it's quite well self-regulating but also there are other groups of course where there is terrible cybermobiling that definitely exists well if nobody controls it and the parents usually don't know these chats maybe that's changing now but especially if you have a pandemic and it's about homework and control that is an important topic i don't know but i can definitely imagine that if nobody is checking that and nobody is self-regulating nobody is saying that's too much that's not cool then it's probably increasing yeah it's getting worse yeah that always existed mobbing in school classes that was always a problem and when i remember back i don't know a single teacher who went in there and said guys that you don't do that we don't do that you shouldn't that was always self-regulated and for many it was not self-regulating in a positive way and now we have the same thing in a digital way and sometimes it's even worse because it's around the clock in the analog world you are limited to public to personally being there and it's only during school time but now it's around the clock and it's black on white yeah i mean it's also a thing of proper behavior and usually yeah the is the job of the parents to educate the children and if i remember back at my childhood when i was misbehaving my parents were saying yeah think about how they feel would you like being excluded like that and that worked on me and when you are a teenager that starts anyway yeah definitely empathy is a keyword and we are back at hate speech in the net on netiquette how we call it in german would i like being talked to like that and that's how i should talk to others as well for example in youtube there's a fraction of the comments very few where people change their opinion where they say yeah i said something and i did some research and i was wrong and that's something a person a social being should be able to do because it can be it's always possible that you misread you mix something up and then you write something and you are certain and later you figure out you were wrong but that is something everyone should be able to do and i would say if more people were able to do that and willing to do that we would have a nicer community yeah i think nilo wanted to say something yeah just that it's mentioned what's not helpful as well i think we weren't really talking about that is this this laughing about people and enjoying people from these demonstration protests where the press is going and interviewing and of course listening to the most strange narratives obviously drunk sometimes and i think that hurts and it's not necessary to watch to that i mean it's insane yeah but media is also responding to the people who want to consume that kind of thing and it has to increase it has to be faster worse and there is this very terrible tabloid in germany it's always getting worse and it has to increase ever further in some private tv stations they do the same thing yeah you have to think about if as state as politicians you want to sanction such things if we think as a society like we boycott these newspapers or these formats where you've already feel that this is trying to insecure you and yeah the the mark should the market doesn't regulate it there has to come someone and say we don't do this yeah i mean we already had the topic that we don't want that there is no um state where we have this like um public broadcasting um and um there is also a program that is responsible for um critiquing but there is the press and um yeah there is this um newspaper um the german and uh they critique it very much but it doesn't show any yeah they ignore it and in this place i i think it's more about media competence it's difficult to just say the subject is the one responsible always which has to see through everything um it's difficult i mean if you see that some media or press companies like companies which think in an economic way and to have to sell um which even increases with the internet because there's even more confidence and you need those um incomes and this makes that it's always like um yeah higher faster further and yeah there's there were a lot of moments when also renomated newspapers wrote um rubbish just because they wanted to be the first ones and this makes people um mistrust the news the media and yeah you have to think about this the the redactional media they are journalists who learn that and and sometimes they make mistakes and they do such things and if you look in the history you see a lot of press which is just um just rubbish just fake i mean i don't want to be censored um i don't want any censorship but um yeah you we live in a world where pictures and symbols are important even more important than facts and maybe you have to do something against that and maybe the first pages which um i mean this has to hurt those media who do the um fake news it has to hurt them but um i mean i'm ready to discuss about this i think we do too less we we let them do too much and um it's the luxury of living in this society that we can um let them do that and the open society also has to take limits to say there is our limit we don't go beyond that and we maybe not laws but maybe there should be like actions of um yeah you have to apologize like in the first ten sites of your pages of your newspaper instead of putting advertisements there i mean a strong democracy has to suffer a lot um has to um yeah cope a lot of things and yeah there have to be limits um like we're standing with one leg on the um on the law and there are a lot of laws that tell how those things um have to work but maybe we just have to use our laws and our tools more effectively or maybe you should we just um yeah educate more also teen ages and children and media competence and yeah maybe especially those kids and teen ages are those whom we still can help who haven't drifted away so far yet um and maybe if they know it better then they tell and maybe this is how we can go a step further how we can progress yeah yeah with children you can still talk um in discussions you still can reach them but sometimes i ask myself how good you actually get to them um but in the end um you need to um educate not only children but all people i mean yeah you have those colleges and but also you maybe the employers should um be responsible and also educate their people because yeah also those people have a responsibility with the digital transformation of society this is new land for many people and you have to um see how you work with it maybe this is a nice uh pleasure here for this for the end i would like to summarize which means we want more media competence and in the end it's right you should um question things that are said somewhere that are distributed in the end but um you shouldn't believe the the most simple truth um that's what i would like to summarize nice i would like um more polite comments on youtube and more respect in the internet maybe then people um yeah really want to write and want to uh talk about things and yeah maybe if the next time someone writes bad words and capital letters then maybe you have to think um it's like uh yeah a shout for love like a shout for help and maybe and this is about yeah you should show the how difficult it is for them maybe you should


What is going on guys welcome back to the channel and I appreciate you being here today I am back with another destiny 2 video and today I bring you Information on the gravity Lance master work catalyst and much more before we check it out people if you guys do want to Support the channel leaving a thumbs up does indeed help out a lot, so please go ahead and smash that like button Okay, so the gravity Lance. Oh damn. This weapon is a beast check it out Suck with a sniper Wow that crimson then Wow Found a link to within the video description if you missed it and do you want to check it out It is a blast people so the gravity Lance is on another level now than what it was before the warm-up date It's just just enough. It's just a beast people But it will only get better Exotics as you know all weapons across the board will eventually be upgraded into master work versions The gravity Lance at the moment doesn't have a catalyst available in-game, but it eventually will so how is this catalyst obtained? Well now we know faction rallies will eventually return when that date is though We don't know yet, but it should come with a whole set of new loot weapons No doubt will probably be re-skins, but the faction rallies event will offer much more than that much more than just weapons And here are a few bits that have been data mined now I will mention this before we get into this new loot each rumored you will only be able to pick one faction across your entire Account of three characters You won't be able to pick one faction with each of your characters now like I said this is all rumors at the moment But in my opinion I actually like this idea So beyond the weapons what else will factions offer well according to items found in the database There will be a lot more than just a usual gear each faction will have their very own emotes new monarchy We'll have an emote called Herald and Monarch previews these emails obviously not available Future Warcrux is called the sign of the future and dead orbits is called Iraq greeting Each faction will also offer an exotic armor ornament piece Future Warcrux will offer an ornament for the hunter's knucklehead radar Called the pre-destination new monarchy will offer an ornament for Titan's trust of alpha loopy chess piece There was no preview available this item yet and dead orbit will offer an ornament for the warlocks I have another world called gaze beyond worlds sounds pretty cool So that's pretty sick, but it doesn't end there people each faction will also offer catalysts for certain exotic weapons New monarchy will offer catalysts for the sweet business Future Warcrux will offer catalysts for the Sun shot and dead orbit will offer catalysts for you You guessed it gravity lance So how exactly will each faction offer such catalyst and how would they be unlocked? Well, if I had to guess I'd say you either get them for doing a certain faction quest Or maybe getting a certain number of kills or do a certain number of things while pledge to a certain faction Now once the catalyst drops from there what's needed is unknown But what we do know is what the changes to the master X will have over the standard exotic versions The sweet business gains an additional perk called serious business when this weapon is fully spun up The flinch from incoming damage is greatly reduced The Sun shot gains a plus 30 range boost and a plus 20 stability boost and the gravity lance gains hidden hand Which increases emissive by 15% and a plus 20 range stat I mean a weapon is great as it is now It's going to be incredible once it becomes a master work Now the faction rally event should be announced sometime soon and to be honest judging by the things we see here I cannot wait to get into it and play for sure one thing I will say is if you look at the iron banner armor right now, which was obtainable from season two You can preview the iron banner season three ornaments for this gear now if you do the same with a faction gear There are no ornaments for the armors now This can mean one or two things either there will be no additional ornaments for the faction gear Or we will be getting new faction armor across the board But we will wait and see people at the moment. I can't find anything within the database But I will keep my eyes peeled and on that note guys We have come to the end of the video and this is how you get the catalyst for the Sun shot the sweet business and the Graviton and the lance they do drop from the faction rally events on that note guys I am out. Thanks as always for stopping by if you enjoyed the video leaving like truly helps me out If you're new right here and enjoy daily destiny videos Be sure to subscribe and hopefully people I will see you on that next one


I ran a poll a little while ago asking people what their preferred display manager was, and for the most part the results of that poll were pretty predictable. Most people seem to use the display manager that comes with their desktop environment. So if they use Plasma, they're probably using SDDM. If they're using GNOME, they're using GDM. If they're using pretty much anything else, they're probably using LightDM. But there were some surprising additions to that poll, and one of them was a display manager called LIY. Now this thing is something that I had never heard of before, and I was very interested in it because it's just like I said, it's something I never heard of before, and when I googled it and found out what it was, I was like, oh, this thing is for nerds. And anyone who knows me, like, I'm a nerd, so I wanted to try this thing out, and that's what we're going to do today. Now, for those of you who don't know what a display manager is, I don't really blame you. You log into their computer and carry on with whatever it is they have to do. And that explains exactly what a display manager is. It's the place where you log into your computer. So if you use a graphical display manager and you're not using something like StartX or something, chances are when you boot up to your computer, you're presented with something. You usually, it's some kind of wallpaper or a pure color. Maybe there's a bar along the top. Maybe there's not. But for sure, in the middle of the screen, probably in the middle of the screen, there is a box that allows you to type in your username and your password. That is the display manager. Now, it's called many different things. I call it a display manager because that's really what it is. But some people call it a login manager. Some people just call it the login screen, whatever you call it, pretty much everyone uses one of some kind. Now, what Lai is and why Lai is special is because it doesn't look how any other display manager actually looks or functions. So we're going to take a look at that today. Let's go ahead and jump in. So the first thing we're going to need to do is install this thing. So we're going to, I'm going to open up a browser here first. We're going to go ahead and type in Lai display manager into our search bar here. And it'll take us to the GitHub page. And this is what Lai actually looks like. And as you can tell, it doesn't really look like any other login screen you've ever seen before. Now it has the basic layout, if you will, of what a display manager needs to do. It has the place where you can put in your username and your password and your session. And it has some prompts up here in case you want to log out or reboot. That's all there is. And the reason why this is cool is because it's in the terminal. It makes it look like a terminal. And it is actually something that is run through one of your TTY services. So in this case, it's run through TTY1 and it's an endcurses like display manager. So how do you install this thing? So let's go ahead and resize the window here and open up a terminal. The way to install this is pretty simple. So the first thing you need to do is copy the command right here. This is basically going to clone the repository that Lai lives in. So you can do this wherever you want. You can do it in your home directory. If you have a git folder, you can do it there. It doesn't matter. The only requirement here is that you have git installed. So once you do that, you can hit enter and it will clone the repository. It won't take very long. We'll clear that. And then we're going to cd into that repository, which is called lily. And then we're going to run the make command. Now if you don't have make installed, you can install that on any system. It's probably already installed. But if you're on something like vanilla arch or you've installed like a headless version of a boon to or something like that, you may end up having to install it. But for the most part, most people probably going to have make installed already. So run this command. It won't take very long. And then the next thing it's going to want you to do is to test it. So we're going to go ahead and run this command here. Copy that run to this hit enter. And then it's going to ask you for your password because we're running sudo. And it's going to take you to a TTY in this case, it's taking you to TTY too. And what you really need to do is get out of this and go into TTY one, which you can do by doing control all F1. And that's going to take you back to your session of whatever you're in, whether you're not in this case, I'm in plasma, whatever you were in to install this thing will take you back there. And you'll see that lies actually working. Now it won't accept any input here. If you try to log in from here, it's just going to give you an error. You can see that it's working. So just hit control C, it'll go back to your shell session. Then what you want to do is actually install why what you do with this command here, sudo make install. You got to make sure you're pasting it correctly like that. And then it will just say installing. And that's all I'll do. It's done. Now here's where it gets a little bit different. So depending on what display manager you currently have installed, you're going to be doing one of several things. So if you are in a situation where you don't have a display manager installed at all, you can follow the directions to get X and RC working down here. If you are in a position where you have a display manager installed, so in case in cases like me, I'm using SDDM right now, you'll need to first uninstall SDDM. So sudo pacman in this case, because I'm on arch slash R and S SDDM. And it's going to tell me I can't do that. So I'm going to go back up this do SDDM dash KCM as well, like that. And then I can install it. So that's gone. And the next thing we want to do is run this command here. Now this command is probably going to give us an error. So we're going to run it anyways, and we're actually going to see that it does in fact give us an error. So let's get my face out of the way so you can actually see this will turn this off. And you can see it says this file here already exists so it can't be replaced. So what we want to do is actually delete that file. So sudo remove slash Etsy system D system display, oops display manager dot service, remove that. And it may ask for your password if you're not already in a root session, or already have already entered it before within the last few minutes. And then what we can do is go and rerun that command right here. And it will enable the system D service. Now, you can get this working with non system D distros. So if you're running something like run it or open RC something like that, you can get lie to work. The instructions just would be different. But I think the vast majority of people are probably going to be running this on system D. So those are the instructions I'm going to follow at this point we're done. So what I'm going to do now is close Firefox here and do sudo reboot. And we're just going to reboot the machine. You can we'll be able to see that when we log back in or when we boot back up, we'll see our new display manager. So it should be coming up here pretty soon. Hopefully if everything went right, there we go right there. So the one thing I don't care for about this is that it puts the cursor in the password field first. And while that's not a big deal on subsequent logins on your first login where you've never used lie before, it's not that you know, you have to go up a level in order to actually type in your username. Once you've logged in once, it will remember your username. So it makes sense that the cursor is in the second field then, but on first login, it doesn't make much sense that it does that. So if you want to change to a different session, so say you have I three installed alongside plasma or DWM or whatever, you would just change your session here using the arrow keys. In this case, I don't have anything else installed like just have plasma. And then I'll enter my password. So like so and enter. And just like you would expect with other display manager, it does that now. In terms of configuration, there is a configuration file. So if you open up a terminal, you'll actually be able to find that configuration file in slash Etsy slash lie. So we're going to seeding to slash Etsy, L Y. And we'll do an LS here and we'll see that there's a config.ini file. So we're going to pseudo because you'll need root privileges in order to edit anything here. And then config.ini. Oh, excuse me, we're going to them config.ini. So you'll need something like them or nano in order to actually edit this. I'm going to use them because of course I am and them is not installed by default. Oh, travesty. So pseudo pack me pack man dash s them. I shouldn't have to do that. But there we go. Now we can do that. Now them installed. Okay. So here are the default and possible configurations for lies. So they're all here. You can choose to have animations enabled or not. I'm not sure actually what those look like because this is a VM. I'm not sure if they'd even work. You can choose to have a different character for the password, which is cool by the default one is always at the top. So in this case, the default for this is the asterisk. If you wanted to have a different character, you could do that. You could change the background color ID. I'm not sure what colors it supports or where this ID comes from. I'm probably guessing it comes from escape sequences. So like red, I think is like something like 33 or something. I'm not sure.  I'm not actually sure what the blank main box thing does, but you could mess around with if you want. You can set it so that it will erase the password if you have made a mistake and my default that is false probably because if you made a mistake, you can just delete part of your password and then delete up to that point and then carry on with the correct password. But you could change that to true or false. You can change the foreground color here again. I'm not sure where they're getting these color ideas. I'm wondering if they have that here somewhere. Let's, they don't have a wiki. So all the documentations here on this front page, that's a little disappointing. They don't have a little bit more documentation, but what are you going to do? Okay. Go back here. So I'm not sure where these ideas are coming from. You can remove the borders. You can remove the commands up there at the top where it tells you what to do with your F1. You can change the number of visible characters on an input. So if you have like a username that's like really long, you can make it, make it so they'll actually show everything. You can change the active language. You can load the saved desktop on logins and logins. So this is what's going to have it remember what session and what your username was. You can change the padding and the margin. You can change the input sizes. I'm not sure what the M cookie thing is and you can change the event timeout. So if I believe if you hit a failed password, it'll take that long to reset. The rest of this stuff is meant for dealing with things if you're switching between Wayland and XORG sessions. So if you need to change something, you're using Wayland or if you're using XORG, you can mess around with some of these paths. You're probably not going to have to. But if you do have to, at least this stuff here is an option for you. And that's basically all the configuration there is. Probably the most thing that I would mess around with, given that I'm not a Wayland user, I would probably mess around with the colors. Anyways, so that is lie. There's not a lot to it and there's not meant to be a lot to it. It's a display manager and it's meant to be very minimalistic. So personally, I think it's kind of awesome. I mean, I really do. And it just kind of tickles the nerd in me if that doesn't sound too dirty. It's one of those things that's just kind of cool. So that is lie. If you have comments about this, maybe you know how to change those colors. You can leave those comments in the comment section below. You can follow me on Twitter at Linuxcast. You can follow me on Massadon. Those links will be in the video description as well. You can support me on Patreon at patreon.com slash linuxcast. I'd like to thank my current patrons, Robert Sid, Devon, Patrick, Fred, Kramer, Meglin, Jack Simon, Jules, Davey, Sebra, Gillinix, Garrick, Samuel, KB, TGB, Keith, Andy, Uncle Bonehead, Trydevil, Gary, Antoine, Mitchell, J-Dog, CarbonData, Jeremy, Sean, Odin, Martin, Roth, Eduardo, Art, Zerner, Elliott, Merrick, Camp, Dr. Lee, Peteray, Crucible, Derek, 26, Prime, CPM. Thanks everybody for watching. I'll see you next time.


Sūtāŋ ʃuí yeni  느�Đīv vī Ṣīo Ka hurya my mī yē frāto kā yā mi e paŋo ir as an la arbarā promeneo ʂi esas promeneo ʂalte ʂilte ʂila arbaro Do nī nun esas che jīvsiŋ Lā lastu ʊrbō – ʆrvoje a la arbarā promeneo Ka ʂi nī dewas nun ʂetī bileto ʂitī bileto ʆitī bileto ʂin tu-te eble Mī yē paŋo kā yā frāto ʂetī ʂatī ʂal i li ʂas lakanoi but because I'm coming from the chief of Australia. Probably I have to buy the ticket. So we just bought the tickets. Well, in fact, I just have to buy one ticket because my brother and sister, as I already said, are locals. And also I just bought food because I didn't eat yet. So, in the end, we just came to the Arbara promenade and now we're going to the chief's office because we can present our tickets and later I can show you the promenade itself. So now I have the tickets but there was a problem. According to the chief, you can have one free ticket for a family who lives here, who is local. But, in fact, I have two families here. So I have to pay for the other one, so in total I have to pay for two people and one was on the coast. So let's go to the Arbara promenade.  Look, I've been promenading for so long. So, in total, we've been promenading for about 10 minutes and my brother has already been totally ungrateful. I just want to be a model, don't I? Hey, flex your arms. So, here's the idea for the Arbara promenade. Check this out. This is a mass of coins. Look. It seems that people simply took a coin from here to the Dehaqita tree. Look at the river. One moment, the minimum was very high.  Look under my feet.   I think we are 100 meters above the earth, so we are very tall and I really don't like it. Here's where we came from. Here's where we went.   How tall is this tree? I can't even see the top of it and I am already more than 100 meters above the earth. Again, we are in the Arbara. Again, we are on a level day. Do you like this video blog? Look where we were. We were there about 10 minutes ago. We almost reached the bridge above the river. But, we are dead. Here's the indigenous Taswanian beast. It's called the joseph.    I almost lost my pants. Look, everyone has a tundil. Chunk. Come here, come. We are now in the white Arbara of the elves. He is 100 meters above the earth.  We are now in the memory shop. And I just found an interesting book. But, there it is. It is about that price. In the past, we simply called it the Taswanian tiger or the Taswanian wolf. But the real name is Tilecino. And it disappeared after 1936. And that happened for the fact that everyone here in Taswania actually died in Tilecino and no longer exist. So, it's a very interesting story. I hope that one day they will live in one, but I don't know. We just finished the Arbara walk. And now we are going home. So, if you like this movie, like it, share it, subscribe to my channel if you haven't subscribed yet. And I will see you in the real movie. And if you are not there, I will find you. And I will throw you into that river. Here, I finally found a whale. Here it is. It is so beautiful. Here it is. Here it is.