Thanks very much Bruce. I wish I could say that that was just around the corner But I think we are making steps in that direction, but we're not quite at growing cars right out of the ground But I'm very excited to to be here today to tell you a little bit about The work in my lab that involves both renewable materials and renewable chemistries that come from plants and two two areas I'm going to discuss are Metabolic pathway discovery and engineering and in this context we're interested in small molecules both for human and for plant health And the other and I want to talk about is using plant biomass directly to make biobased and renewable materials So specific stories I want to to tell you about Have to do again with small molecules and large molecules from plants. So small molecules here Are represented by this compound called the toposide. So this is a clinically used anti-cancer agent That's derived from a plant molecule. So the gray part is the synthetic part and the rest all comes from plant chemistry And of course again, this is a compound that's very important for human health And down here on the bottom. I have a molecule looks very different This is a model of lignin, which is a polymer a major component of plant biomass This polymer is used by plants for structural support and protection And we're trying to find figure out new ways to use it for materials So these two things this small molecule up here for human health Pharmaceutical and this biopolymer that comes from plants might seem very distantly related So so why am I telling you these these two very different stories? It turns out that they're not so different to the plant right So plants are are very ingenious in using their metabolism in in all different kinds of ways So it turns out that this molecule and this biopolymer are actually come from the same roots of metabolism So you can trace back this blue part to these phenylproponoids which are derived just from primary metabolism And the molecule phenylalanine. So this is a I think a great example of how Plants use something that they have to have to make proteins and they can make compounds important for their own health And turns out for human health and biopolymers that we use to make materials So within these these two niches of metabolism, there's different kinds of engineering questions So their first when it comes to small molecules relates to how can we build these pathways? What are the components necessary to perform metabolic engineering so that we can copy the chemistry that's found in nature and Possibly make new and more active derivatives And down on the bottom in the context of lignin plants actually are really great at making tons of lignin I'll tell you in a little bit It's the second most abundant biopolymer on earth And so we I arguably sometimes we would like to make actually less of it So there's plenty of it around and so the question here is more how can we use it rather than can we make more? So I'm going to start with this this bottom story of how can we use lignin to make renewable materials and our efforts in this area are Really part of a collaborative team on campus here We affectionately call ourselves the the green team So these are a group of faculty students and postdocs as well I don't have all their pictures shown who are interested in generating renewable materials and so this is not a comprehensive Listing of everyone involved, but some of the work. I'll talk about today involves Sarah Billington Who's a structural engineer Craig Crittle an environmental engineer Kurt and myself both from chemical engineering and Bob Weymouth? from chemistry and Again, our vision is to be able to use monomers derived from nature that are renewable assemble them into polymers and then fabricate materials that are indeed renewable and so we're not just Involved in this front part of the process But are also very interested in ensuring that this is a sustainable material cycle that the materials we make not only our high performance but can be reused through end-of-life disassembly and reassembly This kind of cycle all relates To finding a way to shortcut a much longer petroleum based carbon cycle, right? Of course, this is a renewable process. It just takes a really really long time And so where we're focusing our efforts are on shorter cycles that come from biomass to make renewable materials Now as I mentioned one of the biopolymers that we've been focusing on is lignin and Many of you might be familiar with lignin But to give you a little background. What is lignin and why do we care about it? This is a sandwich structure of a plant cell wall here And there's actually quite a few biopolymers that are part of the plant cell wall one of them shown in orange here is cellulose So this is what's really exciting about second generation biofuels These cellulose Fiberals are the polysaccharides which which with which we're trying to extract sugars to generate liquid biofuels But as you can see these cellulose fiberals are tied up in a mat of other bio polymers including lignin So in this context lignin can be a nuisance because you need to get rid of it to get at cellulose So as part of biofuels processing streams Where cellulose is coming out at one end to get fermentable sugars? There's also a large fraction of lignin. That's very low value. That's generated So to take a closer look and compare cellulose and lignin again cellulose is a polysaccharide So we try to get out these monomers so that we can put them to work with microbes to generate liquid biofuels Lignin looks very different And what really attracted me to lignin was the fact that it's one of the only sources in nature where you can get these Aromatic all-carbon based units And so I thought that this is currently a very low-value material But perhaps we could work with it to and apply some chemistry to make it into something more valuable And again cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer earth, but lignin is just the runner up So there's an order of billion tons biosynthesized annually So in thinking about this problem in my lab We've been approaching it in two different ways. This is kind of a busy slide, but but let me walk you through So again, this is just a model of what lignin looks like from plants One approach to using lignin would be to actually break it down and try to capture some of these valuable aromatics out of lignin You could see very quickly you start to to get towards compounds that look like BTX like chemicals So this indeed could be a renewable source of platform chemicals However, this is a difficult thing to do even in nature. It's hard to break down lignin And to do it in a selective way is quite a challenge So a second approach that we've taken in parallel is rather than break down lignin. Let's use it as it is Let's use it and see if we can generate novel materials and biocomposites from it However, it turns out that lignin really functions best when it's part of that fabric in the plant cell wall So by itself it doesn't make a great material So what we've tried to do is combine lignin with other renewable Polymers sourced from nature to make novel composites and simply mixing them together as I'll tell you Also is not ideal. So surface modification of the lignin and actual physical cross-linking of lignin with other bio polymers Is what we've turned to to generate lignin building blocks with tunable properties So you probably can tell I like to think in terms of molecular structures So on this slide, I just I like to take a step back and think about what's available from nature in terms of biopolymers There's quite a bit of diversity, but there still are some limits to it So there's kind of a repertoire of biopolymers some you may have heard some you may not have of course DNA is is a very Widely-noon biopolymer polysaccharides. This is an example of chitin Biopolymers, but there's also some nice poly esters and even hydrocarbons rubber poly isoprene So what we wanted to do is take lignin and see if we could combine it with one of these other Renewable biopolymers to make a composite that was high performing And so what we thought is we have hydroxyl groups here on lignin Perhaps we can find a way to chemically link it to a polyester So I've shown here polyhydroxybutyrate, but another renewable polymer that you can get from natural materials is poly lactic acid And that's the one that we focused on So I also want to mention that Lignin comes in many different forms Depending on how you get lignin out of the plant if you're trying to make paper You might use a certain process that that ends up giving you lignin with Certain chemical functionality if you're trying to extract sugars to make biofuels You might get another kind of lignin So the one that we focused on is this Injulin AT lignin which comes from the paper and pulp industry But ultimately our goal is to use lignin that comes from biofuels processing streams since we anticipate With second-generation biofuels a lot of this will be available Okay So again the challenge here is to take lignin and see if we can combine it with some of these poly esters To make a renewable material and I'm going to make a long story short by just showing you the the final results here That came through that collaboration with multiple faculty in chemistry structural engineering and chemical engineering What we ended up doing was taking lignin and actually graft polymerization of Lactide to generate a lignin poly lactic acid Co-polymer so we were able to show using a variety of spectroscopic techniques that we had a covalent linkage here between the poly ester and Lignin and the way we did this was to use a green process So Bob Weymouth in chemistry had some very nice catalysis that we could apply to make these kinds of renewable co-polymers these co-polymers turn out to blend very nicely with poly lactic acid to generate biocomposites So just to give you a sense of the importance of actually linking lignin covalently to the poly ester This is what happens. So here's poly lactic acid by itself. You actually can't see it. It's translucent And it's poly lactic acid is an important material for making things like biodegradable cups and renewable food containers So if you mix poly lactic acid directly with lignin you see that you get a composite But it's it's not the lignin is not well dispersed within the poly lactic acid matrix However, if you mix poly lactic acid with our covalently modified lignin we now get a much improved dispersion In these PLA composites And so you don't have to just look by eye To see that there's the blending is much better here the UV and optical properties change as well So this is just a profile showing UV transmittance. This is actually a problem with poly lactic acid plastics that are used In that that there's quite a bit of optical transmittance at higher wavelengths But you can see when you compare this green line here to the red line when we use our co-polymer We get very nice absorption on par with what you observe with Polytothalic acid compared to the red line, which is just mixing of PLA and lignin together So mechanical properties are also Withheld here as well these green bars. These are just different mechanical tests performed by my colleague Sarah Billington and her students to show that when once you start adding this co-polymer Of lignin PLA to a PLA matrix you retain the strength of the material So one drawback here though is that we're taking lignin We're covalently modifying the PLA and then we're mixing it with PLA So the total amount of lignin in these materials is not very high So another approach that we've tried to take here is to make the material The much higher percentage of the material lignin So this would be a much better use of our lignin source and through chemical modification We thought we might be able to generate a renewable base adhesive Right, so what we've done here again I won't show you the details of the chemistry But we've been able to take lignin and use a renewable biobase cross linker to generate Again a covalently modified lignin which now has adhesive properties So you can see these are some sandwich boards made in the Billington lab I mean we envision that this kind of co-polymer could be very useful as a renewable adhesive So again just illustrating some of the mechanical properties of this biobase adhesive This is done with a three-point bending test To show that lignin adhesives actually retain very good strength In this context compared to other biobase adhesives on the market So to take a step back I think we've done some nice work with lignin And we think that there's a lot more to do here But in general again we're really interested in renewable materials And one thing that we're constantly up against is that some of the polymers in nature Don't have the kinds of properties that we might want for a plastic or a packaging material And so where do we go if this is our repertoire of biopolymers what can we do from here So one thing that we've started thinking about is that Even though this is the repertoire of biopolymers found in nature There's a much larger repertoire of monomers That are renewable found in nature And so we could use these monomers and then apply either a chemical or an enzymatic polymerization process To make a non-natural polymer that perhaps has materials properties that are more desirable So I think this is kind of what's on the horizon for us in terms of green team efforts So in order to in order to obtain some of these monomers A lot of what's required is metabolic engineering of pathways in nature So I want to take the just the last few minutes here and tell you a little bit about How we think about building metabolic pathways I mean in that context I'm going to turn back to this molecule That I told you is very important for human health atop a side This is currently prepared semi-synthetically So the the the part in black here is isolated from the plant And then chemistry is used to build on this functionality of oxygen So we would like to know how does nature make this molecule And can we engineer that pathway so that we can make other derivatives On this compound with improved properties such as side building activity So again these are small molecules coming from plants The one that I'm going to highlight here is a clinically used drug But this kind of process could be used for making any kind of molecule That could potentially come from plants Something important for nutrition biofuels materials and fine chemicals So what do we need what do we need from plants To get to the chemistry that's involved in making these molecules Really the key is the blueprint So the biosynthetic genes that encode the enzyme catalyst that make these molecules And since 2000 when the first plant was sequenced We now have about a hundred plants Who have we have some genetic information about their genome sequence So just with these letters on a page we can start building pathways To make these small molecules So turning back to that compound I told you about a top aside This is our test case here We would like to be able to metabolically engineer this pathway And as I told you it starts out from a molecule that's pretty simple It's actually the precursor both to this molecule as well as lignin But the entire biosynthetic pathway is not known So there's a fraction of it that we understand well So I'm just summarizing here which is sort of the bottom left portion We know the genes and the biosynthetic enzymes that are involved in making this advanced stage Intermediate but there's a big portion that we don't know So it's really impossible for us to actually go and metabolically engineer the entire pathway at the moment So this is the challenge that my lab took We wanted to take gene information that we had from the producing plant We don't want to work in the producing plant We want to be able to metabolically engineer the entire pathway And so we had again a part that was known and a part where discovery was required So how do we go about discovering pieces of a pathway and components of a pathway that are not known So like I said, we don't want to have to work in in the actual plant We'd like to be able to take these biosynthetic genes and move them to some other host where it's much easier to observe activity And it turns out that an easy host for us to use is the tobacco plant in lab So we can take biosynthetic genes one two three four any number of them And within just a matter of days we can put them into the leaf of this plant And we can start installing a pathway We then use mass spectrometry to observe new compounds that that are produced So in this way we can combinatorially start building a pathway and discovering new pieces So again our first um Going back one side Our first objective here was to build the known part of the pathway and then we wanted to discover the back part So I'll just tell you where we're at in that process Um and show you a little bit of data Okay, so I'll just close by um acknowledging my research group. I have five graduate students who are working on these projects Um, uh, as well as several undergraduates and a postdoc I mentioned our collaboration on the renewable materials efforts As well as these are some funding sources and I'd be happy to take any questions you might have Yes, sorry the Thank you. Can you comment anything about the phase diagrams of these bio polymeric systems? The phase diagrams. Yeah. So like you mentioned like, okay, um for storage Um, we know that we use binary colloids to develop New systems. And so there's a phase diagram of Normal polymers or regular polymers. So I was wondering if is there a specific phase diagram for biopolymers And can you comment anything on? How does that look different from regular polymers so, um Not really actually. I'm not I'm not sure I understand the question in terms of of the material itself compared to Um, other polymers found in nature or other man-made polymers Other man-made polymers Well, I think I showed the the properties that I'm most familiar with are the ones that we've measured for The lingon pl a copolymer and that was the optical properties um, and then the mechanical properties so Uh beyond that, I guess I don't I don't have any other information But again, you know, one of the nice things about working on this project is my Um expertise is really in the area of plant chemistry Whereas, uh, I rely on the billington lab for mechanical engineering expertise Um and curt for polymer chemistry curt. Do you have any comments that you you could add on that? Okay So, um, sorry Yes Trisa wegaser from chevron, um Out of curiosity, why did you pick the tobacco plant as your model or your host? Yeah, um, so tobacco works the The method for actually expressing these biosynthetic genes in tobacco is not ours. That was established in the literature Um tobacco works really well what we have to do and I skipped over this But to get a gene into a leaf we actually have to infiltrate this bacterial suspension Tobacco has really nice big leaves. Um, and also has a reasonably short life cycle Um, so it's been a nice model plant to use in the lab Sorry, once you put the gene into the leaf, can you pollinate it and all its children have got the same ability? Um, so that's that's the the approach that we're using that I really like is that this is transient expression We're not generating Transient or or transgenic lines of plants. So we're only Introducing DNA into the leaf not into the seed. So it's it's progeny will not carry these biosynthetic genes And that's why we can do it so fast You know, it only takes a few days to see results


I hope I haven't kept you waiting. Yes, this is a crime club. I'm the librarian. The gypsy sings of death. Yes, we have that story for you. Come right over. Take the easy chair by the window. Comfortable? The manuscript is on this shelf. Here it is, the gypsy sings of death. The very unusual story of an old gypsy custom that led to custom-made murder. Let's look at it under the reading lamp. It was early evening all over New York. But in the time forgetting atmosphere of the caravan, a gypsy nightclub, time had stopped for Toby Randolph as she reached across the table for the hand of Paul Palmer, the well-known Broadway columnist, and man of her dreams. What's the matter, Toby? Got a pain? Oh, Paul, darling.  Uh-huh. It's like the open country. Campfire. Sweet intoxicating music of guitars in the night. What guitars? Mm-hmm.   And I thought you loved me. Well, live and learn. Just try living for a change. Marriage in a house in the country, eh? What's wrong with that? Yeah, I bet many a family was launched in this place. Dan Harrigan, the bride's best friend. Who's Dan Harrigan? The guy who owns this den of delusion and false promise. Well, you don't say. Maybe I should meet him. Is he a gypsy? No, dear. He's not even a human being. That's life, Angel. One disappointment after another. I'll get over it. The blessings of youth. But don't look now, Toby. There's another blessing coming this way. Gorgeous. Good evening. May I sit down? Why not? Thank you. I am Fatima. I must read the leaves in your tea cup. Oh, fortune teller. How about reading mine? I will do it only for the gentleman. Will you permit me, sir? How can I refuse? It is well that you do not. Your cup, please. So, you're working for Dan Harrigan, eh? You must be the new one. I haven't seen you around here before. I'm still here, Paul. Oh, yeah. Well, Fatima, what about this mess in the tea cup? I see adventure for you. Much excitement and great danger. Any particulars? I see a festival. The Festival of Zorasta. You will be there. Who's going to take me? You will go. And you will meet Hakim, the king of the Gypsy tribe. And Dagmar, the beautiful daughter of his third wife. And you will meet Kismet, the medium who communicates with the spirits of the departed. Beware of him. He's bad, eh? He will be jealous of you. But there is another who will hate you to the death. Who? I cannot see him. The leaves have become confused. Like I've been since I met Paul. That is all. I must go now. No, wait a minute, Fatima. You can't leave me with an unknown enemy. Suppose I met him face to face. Please, no more. But she told me... Oh, hello, Dan. There's no story enough of your daily column. Not with you around, eh? But let's be polite. Toby Randolph, this is Dan Harrigan. Really? Yeah. Come on, Fatima, we'll be late for the festival. Yes, Dan. So long, Paul. Drop in again sometime. I'm always glad to see you. Well, darling, there goes your Gypsy love song. In swing time. Angel, don't you want that slave bracelet? What slave bracelet? Right there on the table. Once it slipped off your arm. Not off mine, dearest. Then it must be Fatima's. Get that hunting look out of your eyes, Paul. The Festival of Sorasta. And Ganga Gypsy, she found in my teacup. That's Orissa Morty and drowned them. Let's not, sweetheart. Let's find out about the festival and see what they look like. My columns bursting with curiosity. It is time for the festival to begin. And we're not there. We stay in this house, Dagmar, until Fatima returns. Until Fatima returns. Ah, Kismet, you speak. What is the good word from the spirits? I was not communicating with them. I think only of Fatima and how she keeps her father, the king of the tribe waiting. I am her father, and I do not mind. It is not right, Hakim, when there is no reason. She's working for Dan Harrigan. That flea on the back of a dog. Well spoken, my friend. But in this world, business comes before festivals. If she has not forgotten us for Dan Harrigan. Dagmar, foolish daughter of my third wife. What tickles your nose now? Kismet, he's jealous of every man that looks at Fatima. She's my betrothed. On her wrist is my bracelet. I want my future wife to be like the sky on a cloudless day. Can the daughter of my flesh and blood be otherwise? That can happen, Hakim. Well, you've been here in New York too long. Yes. I hear Dagmar agrees with you. Sometimes, Hakim, I feel we should never see the open sky again. You have only to look up. Hakim! Here we prosper. And here we stay. I have gone to great pains to settle my tribe. And you, Kismet, has not your spiritualist business put you in the income tax class? I can find the same spirits in Philadelphia and Cleveland and as far west as Chicago. But it is not for me alone. Even now, on the night of the festival, the people of our tribe are grumbling. They want to move, Hakim. They say you are getting old and too tired to be our king. Father! Ah, Fatima. Father, I didn't mean to be late. But then, here again... What has he done to you? Silence, Kismet. Now, Fatima, you may tell us about Dan Harrigan. He has gone to the festival, father. Oh? He's going to make trouble if we do not pack and move tonight. I see. He will not let you forget that you are working for him. I'm frightening, father. By the lightning that never strikes twice, I begin to understand. There's grumbling among our people. Then Harrigan's work. Grumbling? The people are seeing that... Quiet, Dagmar. It is serious business. But, Kismet, Fatima's not wearing your bracelet of betrothal. She's not? She is not. Fatima, where is the priceless token of my love? I gave it to a stranger. You gave it to a... Rimba. What is the meaning of this? I could not help myself, Kismet. Betrothal to a stranger and with my bracelet. What is the name of this foul dog, Fatima? Paul Palmer. Every day he writes about people in the newspaper. I will cut his heart out.   Fatima, is he handsome, this Paul Palmer? Yes, Dagmar. He's almost beautiful.  We are going to the festival now. It is a moment of solemn consideration. Paul, this is wonderful. Imagine living all your life and never seeing a show like this. You're looking in my column for tomorrow, Toby. And you're still looking for Fatima. How'd you guess? Oh, darling, can't we forget her and enjoy this festival by ourselves?  That's not the only thing that's burning, Paul. Huh? You, dear. I'm the patient type. I'd make such a good wife. Look out, Paul. Hey! Sorry, my friend. Why don't you look where you're going? Or at least go where you're looking. It is my fault. I have so many unhappy thoughts. My eyes do not care to see. Ah. She's beautiful. He knows all the right words. I like him, Paul. Paul? With a Palmer hanging on. See, maybe you can tell me where I can find Fatima. Paul Palmer. It is he. Paul, he's got a knife. The murderer of my love life. Yeah, wait a minute. Enough. I am Kismet, the medium whose spirit you have destroyed. Now I will show you. Oh, no, you won't. Drop that knife first.  The foolish man you think you can hold my wrist forever. Paul, trip him. Do something. I can't tell him. This guy's fit like a rock. Get help. Where are everybody standing? You're all watching this. Not everybody. Thank the Lord.  What are you doing? Do not disappear, Fatima. Stop it. Leave him alone. Fatima. You slapped me. You have disgraced me before the tribe. I will have you expelled. You have disgraced me before the tribe. Phew. What's that bruiser got against me? Oh, the music. Shall we dance, Paul? Paul, I want to know. What is this? It will not be too painful, will it? Wow. We will dance. You mind to be?  But before you take that first step, make sure she's not going to waltz you into a casket. You're so nice, Paul. And you dance like a real prince. Thanks for the promotion. What's cooking, Fatima? Cooking? With a bracelet. You didn't leave that trinket with me as a token of your undying love. But I did. Oh, now, wait a minute. I want you to keep it forever. There are easier ways of getting into my column, Fatima. You do me a great injustice, Paul. How about coming across? What? With the truth, baby. The thing that can stand up and be counted. I do not know what you mean. All right, then. We'll call it a night. So long. No, please. I cannot talk now. Why not? Dan Harrigan is watching us. Where? Do not turn around. He must not know we're talking about him. Okay, then. We'll waltz out of here. Please. I'm not allowed to leave. Uh-huh. Do not force me. No one is allowed to leave before the ritual. Uh-huh. The rituals or rasta should begin very soon. Be patient, please. When it is over, I will tell you the whole story. I haven't got that much time. Come on. Now, watch this. Dogma. I've seen worse. She is my sister, Paul. Oh, glad to meet the family. She's not a blood relation, but I love her very much. Uh, what's that? She is the daughter of my father's third wife. She's my step-sister. Did she bring that gargle with her? Oh, you did not lie, Fatima. He is almost beautiful. So has been talked behind my back. Could I have one dance with him? Of course, Dogma. I will come back after the ritual. Oh, hey, wait. She can't do this to me. Is it so unpleasant here? I'm a busy man, Dagma. Look at me. Have I not many things to recommend me? I've got other things to do besides, uh... You certainly have. We will dance now. I'm only human. Welcome, poor father. I receive you as a new member of the tribe. Who is this, Dagma, another member of the family? I am Hakim, the father of Fatima, the king of the tribe. Okay.  It's good. A man with humor is fit to be prince. Now I must acclaim you for the custom of my people. As long as you don't use a knife. A betrothed never dances with another girl until after the wedding ceremony. I'll make a note of it, your majesty. Now to begin, the ritual of sorrow-aster. I must go now. So sorry. But we will meet when it is no more. Future son-in-law. And we will make plans. Tell me, Dagma, is the king all right? Oh, yes. Then why did he call me future son-in-law? You are betrothed to Fatima. And me? You accepted her bracelet, did you not? I did not. Prince Paul's father. I'd better find Tobi and get out of here. Hey, what's the idea? The lights have been turned out. The ritual begins in total darkness, Paul. The sacred moment has arrived. No one may leave. What happens if somebody tries? No one ever tries. It is forbidden by the laws. Don't try to hold me, Dagma.  Hey, hey, somebody put up those lights. Put those lights up and be quick about it, will you? I've got a corpse around my neck. Tobi, am I glad to see you. Oh, that girl. Somebody pushed a knife into her back when the lights were on. Who? I don't know. I'm going out to the police bar. I'm going anywhere, my friend. Kismet. Murderer. What? He's talking to me, honey. You have desecrated the ritual of sorrow-aster. People of the tribe of Hakim. Why did he do it? He didn't. Why did this stranger come among us to darken our lives with murder? Paul, we've got to stop him. He's inciting that mob to riot. Change that label of manslaughter, Tobi. We were happy, people. We lived in peace. We loved one another. And then came this stranger. And with him came death.  This is it, honey. Give my regards to Broadway. I had a great column. What is it that goes on here? There. Look, Hakim. Dagmar is dead. Dagmar. This happy daughter of my third wife. What has the curse of Harrigan done to you? Harrigan. He is the knife in the back of my tribe. Then Harrigan did not kill Dagmar. It was this man, this foreigner. Enough, Kismet. I forbid you to offend the future prince of the house of Hakim. Yes, Hakim. Paul, was he talking about you? Yeah. The women will prepare Dagmar for burial. Come with me, Paul, my son. Where to, Pop? My throne room. You will be safe there. And we shall be able to talk about things that matter. You will come in after me, Paul. Naturally. The king always goes first. Well, we made it. Let's give three cheers for Alma Mater. Paul, who is this woman? Toby Randolph, one of the common people. But she's all right, Pop. She hates Dan Harrigan. He can't be very useful to us. Well, she's very beautiful. But that can wait.  Me? That is enough. By the sacred names of my ancestors, Dan Harrigan has trapped for the last time. Are you sure he did it, Pop? How can it be otherwise? He threatened to destroy me. What's he got against you? Wise men make foolish mistakes. Let us talk about your wedding. Now? It will take place tomorrow. But we only just became engaged. Paul, what wedding is he talking about? Toby, there's an old gypsy custom that if you take a bracelet... And you did. Yes, Angel. Now I'm a man with a betrothal on his hand. You don't have to go through with it. Tell it to him. Oh, by the way, Huckin... Which way, my son? Where's Fatima? Ah, you're impatient. She didn't come to the rescue of her future husband when Kismet was whipping the crown. Huckin, the evil one is still with us. Kismet, I give you warning. When you speak of a future prince... Fatima is no more. What? She's gone. Dan Harrigan too. What? It is impossible. The daughter of my own flesh and blood was not deceived. I have looked everywhere, Huckin. Listen, future father... Be calm, my son. I will fix. Come with me, Kismet. We will look together. Now, Toby, we can out of here. Through that window. And if I ever see a gypsy again... You will, but first we're going to Dan Harrigan's apartment.  I ride a column, honey, and the two things Broadway likes to know. Murder and what for? Hello, my blushing bride. Imagine finding you here. In a strange man's apartment. Imagine it, Toby. I'm too tired. Where is he, Fatima? Dan Harrigan is not here. Sure. I'm not joking. I've not seen him since the festival. Uh-huh. You will go now. I will not go now. By the dagger in Dagmar, I'll wait for the truth. She's told it, Paul. She has. I just looked in the other room. That was nice of you, Toby. Don't you think I'd make the perfect wine? No. Fatima. I will tell you nothing. All right. That's too bad. Toby, phone the police headquarters. Tell them we got Dagmar's killer. All right, Paul. No, wait. I did not kill Dagmar. That's the old refrain, Cookie. I will tell you why I'm here. I'm waiting for Dan Harrigan. I knew you weren't waiting for a bus. He killed Dagmar. My father would not move his tribe out of New York. And Dan Harrigan said he would destroy him. So he daggered Dagmar. Yes. I saw it with my own eyes. With both of them? You cannot believe me.   I could not open my mouth. And then it was too late. He was gone. And you were screaming. Why was Dan so anxious to get you and your crowd out of the room? He has a shipment for delivery to other cities. No. That's what I call a leave. We do not know what it is. Believe me, Paul. He has been using our caravan for eight months to make these deliveries. We do not know what or why. And I'll bet nobody's even bothered to ask, eh? He would not tell us. And we did it because he paid well. Then we began to think he's making criminals out of us. So you decided to settle down and Dagmar was killed. It was a good plan for Dan Harrigan. We're gypsies. When there is death among us, we cannot go to the police like other people. We must bury our dead and run away. With an extra husband. I'm sorry, Paul, if I have deceived you. But I thought perhaps you would frighten Dan Harrigan away from us. Yeah. Well, Fatima, there's only one thing wrong with your story. Yes. I don't believe it. What? Tell me. Tell me what was in those shipments and maybe I'll change my mind. We don't care if you don't, Paul. What? She's not going to tell you. How'd you get in here, Dan? I'm Superman. I walk through walls. Is there a back door to this apartment? You don't think I'd live without one, do you? Or without that gun, neither. That's a great comfort when you run out of ideas. Come on, Fatima. We're going out for some air. Don't be foolish, baby. You either walk out with me or the boys from the morgue will carry you out. Paul. I can't help you, honey. That gun's got me outnumbered. Very well, Dan Harrigan. I will go with you. Sorry, Paul. You know how gypsies are. They've got to keep moving. Yeah. Uh, just one more thing. Don't write about those shipments he told you about. You will never be able to prove them. Come on, Toby. We're going after them. Toby, where are you? Hey, Toby. Well, I'll be a press agent. Toby, wake up. For Pete's sake, get up. Don't you realize you're sleeping in a murderous bed? Paul, you don't really think Dan Harrigan would have brought Fatima here to his own gypsy nightclub? I'm not thinking, Toby. I'm just looking. Twenty-two hundred and fifty-five, twenty-two hundred and fifty-six, twenty-two hundred... Excuse me, Mrs. Snyder. Can you tell us where... Don't bother me. Can't you see I'm counting the day's receipt? Yes, but I'm... Twenty-one hundred and fifty-seven... You're cheating, bud. You were up to twenty-two hundred before. Was I? Now that was you done. You made me lose my count. What do you want? Dan Harrigan, that's all. Well, he isn't here. And he isn't going to be. He called me up and said he was taking a long vacation. We don't doubt it. But did he say where? I'm not his confidential secretary. Miss, no. Where was I? Twenty-two hundred and fifty-seven. Oh, thank you.  Of course. Twenty-three hundred and fifty-eight, twenty-three hundred... Well, what now, Paul? Just don't look. There's an apparition coming through the door. Greetings, my friends. Did he say that to us, Paul? It seems so, honey. Let me check. Hello, Kismet. I am so happy to see you again. He did tell me. Are you looking for Dan Harrigan, too? He's gone out of town. With our Fatima? Yours, pal. I give you a quit-claim deed right now. You are my friend. And I can speak to you from my heart. Does the garlic come from your heart, too? Do not believe what you hear about Dan Harrigan. He did not go out of New York. What does he know? He's only a man. But I know Dan Harrigan did not go out of New York. What makes you so sure? He has a shipment. What kind? Who can tell? Every time it is something else. Can you give us a hint? Do you want to help me find my Fatima? Of course. Anything that will keep your hand off that knife. Then we must find Dan Harrigan. Come with me. Where? In the middle of shadows. Where I communicate with the spirits. Can you make them talk? Talk? Boy, lost friend, but I am sorry for you. And me a crying toddler. A woman like that. No sense. You will sit over here. With my hands on the table? That is not my business.  You like me, don't you? As the saying goes, I can take it or leave it. Now. Now. What, Kismet? We will have a seance. I will reach out for the spirit of Dagmar. Oh, why her? Poor Dagmar was evicted from this life before her time. She cannot enter the blessings of Osmoot until her murderer has been paid for his crime. Therefore, I will ask her, where is Dan Harrigan? Why didn't you think of this before? The spirit did not move me. Well, it's moving me. I'm going home. No one goes without Kismet's consent. You just convinced me. Now, put that knife away. The spirit without two witnesses. Woman, what is wrong with you? Well, you see, Kismet, it's like this. When I was a little girl, I would say... I proceed with a seance. I shall put myself in a trance. Can't you do it at the table? Please, I am the medium. Must be done on my throne. Only from here can I reach the spirits. Boy, if that guy isn't phony number one, the world's chance. Good heavens, is that what these mediums call a trance? Phone the police, Toby. I'm afraid we've seen something new in spirit calling. What do you mean, Paul? Paul, what are you talking about? Don't touch that chair. What's the matter with it? I don't know yet. Give me a minute. What are you doing? Just moving the body. What? Uh-huh. He's dead. And there's the thing that killed him. A needle? Yeah. Stuck into the upholstery under the headrest. And it jabbed him in the back of the neck. But how? Poison, darling. Something new and petty point. Oh. Let's go, honey. Yes. There's a phone in the reception room. We'll phone the police. What's that? There's someone behind those wall drapes. You are right. Someone is behind the drapes. Me. Why, it's Hocking. My future father-in-law. Did you expect to cut something with that knife, Majesty? Your throat, my son. Not tonight, Pop. I got a gun in my pocket. And the law says when you're shooting self-defense, you're shooting self-defense. You're lying. Do you think you can deceive Hocking? You hear that? I just released the safety catch. Would you like to hear a shot? No, no, no. I dropped the knife.  Pick it up for me. No trouble at all, dear. I told you I'll make an excellent wife. Yeah. Well, Hocking, now I'm the boss for real. You have no pistol? No pistol. That noise you heard was just two of my fingernails rubbing noses. See? You are clever, Paul. But you would not be so clever if I were not here, but I would so. Sure.  Dagmar and Kismet were traitors. They did not like the restful life I ordered for them. They wanted to move on, the open role. Isn't that what gypsies were made for? They were made to obey their king, but they plotted against me their poisoned the minds of my people. It was them or abdication. And you made sure it was them. What could I do, clever one? What does an old king do when his castle is not in order? Not what you did, Pop. These days he quits. These days. These are days, my friends. What about those shipments you made for Dan Harrigan? We know about them, too. Well... I want particulars. Of course. Dan Harrigan and his tribe would steal. And Hakim and his tribe delivered the merchandise to places in other cities. What merchandise? Whatever. It suited Dan Harrigan and his tribe to steal. Sometimes fur, sometimes whiskey, sometimes even automobiles. You were some distributor, weren't you? Hakim, I've got a surprise for you. You will let me go? I'm going to hand you over to the cops in one piece. Paul, I'll never forget that look on Dan Harrigan's face when he was brought into police headquarters and saw us there. That look on Fatima's face. Imagine that girl telling us she saw Dan Harrigan kill Dagmar when she saw Hakim, her own father, do it. Not that I've got any sympathy for Harrigan, but she had no right to point the finger at him. She should have said nothing if she wanted to save her father. Oh, well, like father, like daughter. And that was the girl you were going to marry, dear. What's that? Oh, look, Sophie, I've got to get this column out. I've only got 15 minutes of press time. Of course, dear. Well, here's a lead for that column. Dead duck makes deadline. Good night, you worm. And so closes tonight's story. The gypsy sings of death. Steadman Cole wrote the radio script. Roger Bauer produced and directed. Chet Stratton played the part of Paul Palmer. Virginia Dwyer was Toby Randolph. Stefan Schnabel was Hakim. Peter Carpel played Kismet. Inga Adams was Fatima. Gloria Steny was Dagmar. And Barry Thompson was the man. Oh, I beg your pardon. Hello, I hope I haven't kept you waiting. Yes, this is the crime club. I'm the librarian. Yes, come over a week from tonight. Good. We have the very unusual story of a going concern that went for murder. It's called a deed indeed. In the meantime? Well, in the meantime, there's a new crime club book available this week, and every week it bookstores everywhere. Yes, it's available now. Fine. And we look for you next week. This program came from New York. This is the Mutual Broadcasting System.


సాల్్సిమాసి వాయపికూ హఆసంథష్్ 세�یا౗ా. సావరనోత్సా, వివరిమాసభుంము. A lot of girls are missing out on school because they can't afford sanitary pads. Women are missing out on the workforce or from the workforce because they cannot afford sanitary pads. Girls are exchanging sex for money to buy pads. This in the long run will contribute to the already existing gender equality that we have in our society. We are going to have less girls to participate in the workforce. We are going to have less girls being responsible citizens and contributing to the economy. And so we are calling on the government to remove the taxation on sanitary pads. So this has been a joint effort of women's groups and the Socialist Women's Organa. I used to say these are the women's groups of the Socialist Women's Organa. I say it's all of the Socialist Women's Organa. It's for BASIMA, it's with me, it's Girl Guide. It's all of us groups that have women at the heart and the centre of our patients who have come here today to speak to the powers that be. Those that can actually make the change that we seek happen. We came here to stand by the streets with our placas. We've been doing this for morning and to end all of our cities today. We came up to the Parliament House to meet with the speaker of Parliament. Parliament was in session. He passed Parliament. He met with the leaders for about 10 minutes. We went in and we presented a petition to the right honourable speaker of Parliament. We were able to sit with him. He called off sitting in the Parliament and met with us. He says that he has already started some processes, is meeting with the women's processes, meeting with finance, all of these things. Because all of our petitions have been noted. Because before we came here we have all sent petitions. All of these organisations that I speak about have sent petitions to the House of Parliament asking for things to be done differently. So speaker has assured us that in the shortest possible time this way we are going to hear favourably. I hope by favourably we are not going to be talking such cities or reduction. We are saying take the taxes off. If that doesn't happen we'll come back. He has assured us and we are trusting his words and we know with all the seriousness he has talked to us we want to believe that very, very, very soon our march will not be in vain. Our work will not be in vain. What we have come here to do is historical. It is something that will go into history as one of the important marches by women. Of course I am joining this campaign in solidarity with the women and I realise the fact that they have been discriminated against in terms of these words part, part son. And it is just unheard of. You can see part as a luxury group. It is something that is basic. It is something that is basic and we need to look at it as such. And even understand that the government is making free for our women folks. In fact they are constituting majority of our populace. More than 51% of our populace are being denied this very essential commodity. It is an essential good. I am here to be because of course some of us have been killed in the 80s when we were using emeter for our period. So most of us have contracted infections. If you go and read this right now you see most of about 80% of the girls are having infections or have suffered one form of fate or the other. So I realise that the infections those days or a persistent infection can lead to uncertainty. And most women at my age and above come and bring, have their wounds removed because of the infection. My brothers children or my grandchildren children say for help, I suffer. That is why I am here. And I am very happy that minister has accepted our play and work on this. Comments and friends, don't let this be the end. Let us fight for our rights. We contribute to this economy. We are part of the society. A lot of things goes against us. And from today we should say don't tax my period and any other injustice perpetuated against women should stop. Amen.


Nash had to love the effort out of his squad. And moments ago, he met the media. Our Michael Grady was on deck with the first question. Hey, coach, given the way your team had been playing, headed in, all the talk about being rebounded, and the turnovers, and then the Kevin news, how satisfying is it when, Michael? Well, it certainly feels great, obviously. But win or lose, just the effort, the connectivity, the things that we try to build on every day, that collective fighting spirit, you could see it. It was a pleasure to watch and to coach, and proud of the guys. We've had a little bit of a tough run and a little bit of a cloud forming over us. And guys put it aside tonight, played really hard, played together, and it was a great performance. Can you take us through what went into the decision to shake up the starting lineup to see? You know, it's just being clairvoyant. And we just, you know, we don't have much practice time. We are a new group. We have Kevin out with COVID protocols. We were struggling. And I think we're going to continue to experiment. You know, we have to find out who we are, what we are, and where we need to improve. And sometimes, you know, just giving guys different opportunities at different times, you know, can mix things up. And we'll see different lineups, you know.  Greg Logan, Newsday. Steve, can you in particular address the impact that Garrett Allen made at both ends of the court tonight? It was pretty good.  I mean, he rebounded. He protected the basket. We put, he had a lot of pressure on him protecting the basket. He blocked shots. He got steals.  Just did it all. So, you know, really proud of him. And we've seen him continue to develop. And tonight, you know, was a phenomenal game against a top quality team and a top quality center. Brian Lewis, New York Post. I apologize if you were asked this at the start. But I mean, could you just discuss what Bruce gave you defensively?  What did he provide? Yeah, I thought he was great. He played with energy and toughness. You know, I thought it was the hustle plays. Just, you know, he got some rebounds. He got some assists, you know, and was just engaged. And so I just thought it was great for him coming off of no minutes to be able to play with that type of engagement and concentration was a tribute to him and his character. Christian Winfield in New York Daily News. Hey, Coach, piggybacking off of that question, you know, obviously part of missing Spencer is his ability to handle the ball and kind of just like orchestrating the offense. We saw a little bit out of that from Bruce today. Would you say that is important in just having another guy who can handle the ball out there alongside Kyrie? And what did you think of just him and Kyrie playing out there together to a light? They were kind of just like in sync out there on the floor. Yeah, it was good. Like I said, I thought he was engaged and played hard and did a little bit of everything. And, you know, that more than anything brings value. You know, without Kevin out there, it's nice to have more guys who can handle the ball. And I just thought he was tough and competed and knew the game plan and all those little things that count for winning basketball. Alex Schiffer, the athletic. Hey, Steve, after the last game, you said how the three of your biggest issues was the defensive miscues, the turnovers, and the rebounding. And all three went pretty well for you guys tonight. What was the biggest difference since from last game with those three areas? You know, like I said, last game, I think we're going to turn the ball over some. But last game, it was uncharacteristic. We were turning the ball over without any pressure. We were just making poor decisions. I thought I felt like there was just such a... We were holding it so tight and then, you know, just making uncharacteristic decisions. Tonight, we cleaned that up, which I thought was more normal for us. You know, I thought the rebounding, especially in the first half, was, I guess it was pretty even. I mean, I think they had four offensive rebounds in both halves.  You know, Jeff, I think playing at the four a little bit maybe helped the rebounding as well to give us some size. So, you know, just much improved. But like win or lose for them to play with that connectivity and that fighting spirit, you know, it's a pleasure to coach. I was just really proud of them for their attitude and the way they approached the game under, you know, missing Kevin and coming off a rough stint where, you know, I felt like maybe we were questioning ourselves a little bit early in the season and feeling pressure unnecessarily. And tonight they came out and handled it incredibly well.