All right, well, since there's so many problems apparently figuring out who's in what room, not unlike the first year of college, this is the examining the changing nature of DEF CON talk. So if you're here for major malfunctions talk or the other talk that's going on at this time, they're in two or one. So if you are here and you want to know about DEF CON, then you're in the right place. Or at least you want to know one man's opinion about DEF CON to be more specific. The content of this talk can go a variety of different ways. Just kind of depends upon the audience, their level of knowledge, and, well, frankly, there are personal experiences here at DEF CON. And there's a flub in the program. It's all my fault. The DEF CON hasn't been going on for 14 years. This is the 13th year. But that's why I do qualitative research. So I don't have to really, really worry about numbers. Anyway, what's that? Yes, an off by one error. Exactly, a famous programming flaw. How many people have been to DEF CON before?  OK. How many people have been here since DEF CON 1? OK, I see no hands. All right. Who's been here since, so I don't know, 1998 or 1999? Either one. Either one. Who's been here since, like, say, the late 90s? Since DEF CON started in 93, now we're in 2006, at least there's a handful of people in the room who've been there. Essentially, this talk can be geared directly toward people who've never been here before. How many people are here for the first time? So some of you. Good. So this can go a variety of different ways. And the way that I'll take this is primarily focused more towards people who've had a little bit of experience with the CON. If you don't have any, that's fine. This is very much a talk for individuals who have an interest in DEF CON, who have an interest in hacking, hacking culture, and more generally, want to understand how DEF CON can provide us with some kind of understanding about the way that hacking, the quote, unquote, underground and technology are going to push things forward over time.  Please tell me what you think. Tell me your personal experiences if you don't mind sharing. This talk should be very interactive. I want to know what you've experienced. Frankly, I'm an academic. This is the third year I've come to DEF CON. And the observations that I'm going to make are very much based upon everything that's out there. All those archives that you can go to when you go to the DEF CON web page. So I have a little bit of experience with this, but I'd rather hear what it is from your point of view. And hopefully, this can at least spur some kind of discussion forward. If you use the boards a lot, if you are on the DEF CON forums, maybe this is the kind of thing that maybe will appear there. If nothing else, tell me what you think. I've been trying to do research on computer hackers for a while now. And what is essential is having someone say, I think you're wrong and here's how. Not just I think you're wrong. I love it when people say, oh yeah, I think you're on the right track. I like your work. That's great. But when somebody says something critical and makes a good point, that helps me much, much further. So if you think I'm wrong, tell me. But don't just say, yeah, you're wrong.  Give me some kind of feedback. So let me kind of start with a fun kind of cartoon that's available online. When I first started doing research on computer hacking, when I first got into the whole idea of what is hacker culture? Initially, I had the same point of view that probably most everyone in the general public does. Hacker as criminal. This little cartoon depicts all of the various things that could happen if you think of DEF CON as a criminal kind of event. Oh, well, maybe we should have some kind of burglary con. Maybe we should have car breaking cons. Because from a criminologist's point of view, this is totally unique. We don't know of any other kind of group getting together and saying, how can we do this more effectively? How can we improve the way we do this? You don't see crack dealers huddled together on the streets talking about better ways to sell product. Or at least if they do it, they're probably not going to do it on the street. So having a big open convention like this is very, very fascinating, because we just don't see it. So as I started looking more and more into hacker culture, that was when I got the gist of it. That was when I finally began to understand that whole broad complex of definitions. Hacker as explorer. Hacker as someone who is enthusiastic about a specific topic. Hacker as criminal, but in a derogatory kind of sense. As cracker, as someone who is going against the general notion of what hacking is all about. And so considering this, considering the variety of definitions that are out there in terms of hacker from the hacker's perspective. And thinking about where we're at in terms of society today. It's 2006. I've got a laptop. Everybody's got a laptop. A lot of people have iPods. Technology is everywhere. It is cheap. It is plentiful. It is easy. So how has technology and the changing forces of technology affected in one way or another the shape of DEF CON? When it began, DEF CON was supposed to be a closing party for the US nodes of a worldwide BBS, PlatinumNet. It was centered out of Canada, but had nodes in a variety of different places. This quote here is from the dark tangents FAQ online. It says, I decided, what the hell? I'll invite the members of the other networks I'm attached to. See who else can come? Let's get everybody together. So essentially, this was supposed to be a party, a big get together for, in 1993, what was a relatively underground kind of thing. How many of you in the room had a computer in 1993? Good. We're kind of on the tail end of the spectrum, though, because I know most of the people I know didn't really have computers then. So individuals who are on the far end of technology are the people who had this, who maybe were involved in it then. So DEF CON began as something relatively unique. But now we're at a point in time where things have changed. As I said earlier, you now have technology everywhere. You can get a computer for $400, $500. You can get internet access anywhere. If you're staying in any hotel on the strip, you can probably get wireless from any given point and not have to pay that much for it, unless you're staying at the Hilton. There's also industry recognition. Almost every single business needs some kind of computer security. We're at a point now where the panel just before me was talking about having a national collegiate competition to train students in white hat hacking to understand the mechanisms, the methods by which you do it. The growth of ethical hacking in colleges has really begun to key into the need for people who get technology at deep levels and can understand how to utilize hacking for specific purposes. And now we're at a point where we also have tremendous law enforcement interests in computer crime. There are all numbers of the Alphabet Soup game out there who are interested in computer crime, from the mail service to DOE to the border patrol. We have chip units. If you go to any of the Meet the Fed panels, you'll hear all about that. So everyone has an interest in technology. How things are going to shape the world that we're in. And as a result, it leads us to a very interesting question. How has DEF CON changed? How has the world around this convention influenced it? How has it impacted hacker culture? Anybody out there think that DEF CON is different than how it was, say, five, 10 years ago? Step on up to the mic and tell me how. If you don't mind, anybody. You don't see what? All blind. You don't see all black anymore. All right. Yes, ma'am. Way more girls. Yeah, I wish I had some kind of sponsorship. I would totally be in and out for us. You, sir. Good. Yes, sir? OK, so hackers have grown up since DEF CON 1 in 1993. Four cycles. So go ahead. What do you mean by the cool stuff? The stuff that you mean the underground stuff? Is that a good way to characterize? So you're saying that the talks as a whole have shifted from being about how to hack a specific system to being, here are some vulnerabilities that could be exploited in a number of different systems. So there's a larger contingent of law enforcement agencies, of people who we would call feds, who are now attending. Anything else? So greater media attention or at least changing media attention over time. You, sir. OK, so it's possible that the criminal contingent of hacking has grown as well. In addition to the white hat side, maybe the black hat side's grown? Possible. So the comments that you all are making tie in really well to some observations that others have made. We can kind of move through a couple of different theoretical perspectives. Anybody familiar with Richard Thiem? Yeah, he has done a number of different wonderful kinds of pieces about hacker culture. One of the excellent things to kind of help us understand hacking from that internal perspective was a piece he did at DEF CON 11. And it was essentially addressing variations in hacking over time. So he makes an argument that there's three generations of hacking. The first generation is more or less the 80s, 90s, the people who formed DEF CON, people who were on BBS when that was the only thing that was online, people who only knew each other through those routes. There were not necessarily large cons or anything else. Maybe there was a 2600 around you. So these were the individuals who had to learn technology through trial and error, through breaking their own setup, through trying to figure out how they can overclock or work their system in some capacity or another. Then there's the second generation in the mid 90s. And this group is one that grew up with the internet. They are familiar with how things work. Information began to become available on demand. And as a consequence, they were in some ways reinventing the wheel. They thought, oh, this is brand new. This is groundbreaking. But other people already knew this information and maybe just hadn't made it public yet, which leads into the third generation. And this is what theme suggests is going on today. Some hackers are moving into or now exist in this third generation, where there is so much information available now that you must make your own truth. Assemble data as you come upon it and use that to create your own big picture that is highly dependent upon what you find when. And it's not just about owning one box. It's not just about socially engineering one specific individual. It's now about understanding how all those complex systems fit together and how you as a whole can utilize those dynamics. Simple Nomad, I believe, is the one who referred to it as meta hacking. Theme may have also referred to it in that fashion as well. So there's a shift. There are shifts that can be noted, at least internally. Turning to external observers, people like myself, the academics, have made some similar observations. Two researchers, Jordan and Taylor, have kind of developed a conceptual framework to understand hackers and hacking. There's original hackers, the 1950s, 60s guys who were in universities, who were working with systems, to the elegant programmer, if you will. Then you have the hardware and software crackers of the 70s and the very early 80s. Then the hacker crackers of the mid-80s to today. The kind of criminal or, in some cases, white hat hackers who have various reasons to break into systems. They also talk about microsurfs. Anybody read that book yet? It's been out for a long time. Microsurfs is essentially a concept used from a book, talking about programmers who've been co-opted into corporate structures. People who were hackers, people who were good programmers, being brought into the system. Working in companies, trying to make good code, trying to do something useful. Then you have the open source folks, the people who are out there demanding good software, better than anything that you can get through Microsoft or Apple. Something that works and works well.  Those are the individuals who are seeking hacking for a specific purpose. And then finally, hacktivists. The hacker activists that we've heard about since maybe the mid-90s. These are the people who are using hacking for a specific end, be it a political agenda, be it something else. So clearly, there are numerous dynamics. Not only can people inside of the culture but people outside of the culture recognize it. We can also talk about changes in the dynamics of hacking in terms of its organization. The way that hackers interact with one another. The way that they share information. One of the only people really to look at it was a guy named Meyer. And in 1989, using just BBS and emails and maybe a few PBX messages here and there, made the case that hackers were colleagues in that they had very common networks, they shared some information, but they didn't hack together. If you got information, you were going to use it for your specific purpose. You maybe would tell somebody or show some kind of trophy, maybe what you've found or what you've been doing. But beyond that, you're not gonna get together commonly in groups. And in a few cases, he says that there are peer groups. Peer groups would be where you maybe have two, three or four hackers working together for a specific project. Nobody really looked at this. And then last year I tried to do so. And in the context of doing so, I've made the argument that hacking now constitutes a community. There are now so many different places that you can go to meet other hackers. There's local cons. There are DC groups, there are 2,600 groups. There are so many forums online it's not even funny where if you wanna learn something about hacking you can at least get started. So there's shared spaces for hackers, offline and online. And also there are resources available online or offline for hackers to get together and get whatever they need be it tools, software, clothing.  So yeah, there you go. You can get pretty much anything you want. And so this is the kind of thing that suggests hackers work in or exist as a community. And communities from a theorist point of view form for very specific reasons either because they are people trying to hide what they're doing from law enforcement which you can very easily say is still going on today. But based on some of the points people have raised earlier it may be that hacking is in some ways be something that's becoming legitimized. Maybe in one capacity or another we're getting to a point in time where hacking has some acceptability.  But it doesn't necessarily perhaps have that negative connotation it once did. So as a result things are changing in terms of organization culture and individual status which brings us to the point that if society has changed, if technology has changed, if hacker culture has changed in some extent. How have these things impacted DEF CON?  How can we observe those things dynamically through DEF CON? And ask the more difficult question is DEF CON still representative of the underground? If things have changed, if we now have more feds here, if we now have people who are talking about penetration testing forensics and yada yada is it still the same way that it was in 1993? If it is, if hacking and DEF CON is still representative of the underground, then what does that mean about the underground as a whole? So that's why I said earlier, this is not anything that we can just answer here. These are very high level, hard questions to get at. But what I was hoping to do is at the very least address some of this. Go through everything that's out there and try to understand at varying levels what's going on with DEF CON. So I went to the websites, went to everything that's out there for DEF CON. Went to the archives, listened to the audio, read all the pre-con stuff, all of the calls for proposals, went to the various links and performed qualitative analyses of this data, read through everything, tried to make counts, tried to understand what each piece means. And I used grounded theory techniques. So what that means is that I wasn't going out there thinking, okay, I'm gonna find A, B, C and D and look, that's what I found. Now instead, this is a way in which you identify your concepts based upon their appearance. If 500 times someone says that DEF CON is all about hacking, then reasonably you can say, DEF CON's all about hacking. However, if no one says it, then it's not there. You can't actually make that argument. Now there's a huge weakness in all of this. And that weakness is that what I've got is not necessarily representative of every single con. It's only what has survived. So that's why coming here and presenting this information is a good way to kind of augment and push it further. If you've had practical experience with this, tell me if you think this is right. Tell me if you think it's wrong. Tell me if you think I am way off base. So let me start just by going through some of the basic conceptual elements. First, and this is probably the most obvious thing is that the number of talks at DEF CON have increased. We can say there's been about a 925% increase over time. It has pretty much just gone up and up and up. Some of that's pretty obvious. Same is true with the number of speakers. There's been about a thousand percent increase in the number of speakers over time. So you now have multiple person panels, individuals presenting multiple concepts at a time. Somebody said there's more feds here now than ever. There's more law enforcement agents. And this appears to be true. Whether they are on the EFF side, whether they are with DOJ, whoever they are, the number of people has increased. It's interesting though, and that when you look at it as a percentage, it kind of goes up and down and up and down and doesn't really tell us a lot. The only thing that we can glean, and this is the percentage of speakers with regard to each CON. So the total number of speakers divided by the number of speakers who fall into this category. So there's been some shifts. Initially it was a lot higher than it is today. Now we're looking at something on par with less than 20%. But that still is significant overall. When we talk about DEFCON generally, someone was saying that before it was about, here's how you hack this specific instrument. Now it's interesting in that the number of talks relating to either security or hacking have increased significantly. It's no longer a talk about, say, IRF guns and information warfare. Now the majority of talks are focusing on specific vulnerabilities, specific weaknesses, how to, as another talk is going on right now, how to hack Magstripes. So there's all kinds of unusual, interesting talks that are going on and they all relate in one way to another with regard to security and hacking. There's no easy way to separate this out. Whether it's just specifically about hacking, whether it's just about security, but one way or the other, those two are inextricably linked. We can talk about professionalism as a whole. And it appears as though the number of people who talk about their professional credentials has increased tremendously. Since 2001, more than half of all the presenters give some kind of professional address. They say, here's what I do for a living. Here is the kind of work that I do. Here's the certifications that I have. We can also tell that there's been a tremendous amount of academics that are now attending. You have people like myself who are interested in hacker culture. You have people like the presenters before me who are professors at various universities. And when you look at it in terms of percentages, the number of speakers who have either an advanced degree, be it a master's degree, a PhD, a JD, excuse me, or the number of people who have a certification of some type. Those have all increased with time. There have been some small fluctuations specifically with regard to certifications. So this is only based on if someone says IMAC, ISSP, I have an MCSE, what have you. Every year, just taking those counts, it appears as though now we're at a point where it's much higher than it was before. Tremendously so with regard to advanced degrees. Those of you who work in the security industry, would you say that this reflects your experience? Are more people getting these kinds of certifications or degrees? Raise your hand if you think so. So this may be reflective more of just general trends with regard to the process by which we cover security. That's very true. In fact, they're now talking about, what is it, 30,000 people who have CISSPs today. And that's increased significantly since it started in the late 1980s. So yeah, it appears to be something more reflective of say computer security generally. When you look at the specific speakers, you can see some fun kinds of trends too. Somebody said that now hackers are getting jobs. We've seen iterations and iterations of people who go from hacking to legitimate jobs. If you know anything about DEF CON or you've got your program in front of you, maybe you can pick out who these specific speakers I quote from are. First guy, I've actively secured, pardon me, explored both sides of computer security, but the grass was greener with a paycheck as a security professional. The other person says that he's known for the cannonball run and his passion for Tivo hacking. And after getting caught doing the evil computer things, he's been working for large streaming media providers. So if you have any clues as to who these may be, ask me afterward and I can tell you who these people are exactly. But they're referencing their hacking past, their behavior in the underground. And now, well, now I have a legitimate job. When we look at the hacker groups that have been coming here regularly, that have been giving big talks or have had specific events that they've been a part of, initially it seemed as though it was more the loft and the CDC. And now it appears as though the Shmoo Group is making more appearances as a whole. The Nomad Mobile Research Facility is another big one. We can talk about hitting misses from certain groups, but as a whole, you go from say, the release of Back Orifice to the release of BO2K, then to Pika Booty. So the CDC, which was huge, now there are still speakers who are here this year. They don't appear to have as much of a presence as big panels, as say these two groups. In terms of the other talks that are at the con, the other issues that get covered. There's always cryptography, there's lock picking, privacy, social engineering. We can talk about freaking particularly in this age of voice over IP, that's something that people are getting a little bit interested in. But it appears as though their prominence in the panels and in the convention as a whole has started to go down. Now we're paying a lot more attention to the security side of things, as well as how the security side can be hacked. So the focus has shifted somewhat, whereas at the second DEF CON, Phil Zimmerman was a keynote speaker, the person who invented PGP. Things have changed a bit. Not that Phil is not still a huge person, but there's not as many crypto talks. There's not as many things about malware. Sorry. And then a final issue to address is the relationship between Black Hat and DEF CON. Who here goes to Black Hat each year? Do you hang around for DEF CON afterwards for fun? Or do you hang to see the stuff that doesn't get covered at Black Hat? Both? Both? Raise your hand if it's both. How many people, how many of you stay because you get free entrance to DEF CON by paying to go to Black Hat? Good point. No, that's all right. That's all right. It is to some extent. So the dynamic of the presentation shifts tremendously. Good, that's good to know. The first year I came, I heard a lot of people grumbling about Black Hat. And maybe I was talking to the wrong people, but they were saying that, you know, oh, Black Hat's changed the whole dynamic of this place. It's all about Black Hat and DEF CONs now this way. It's loaded with scene horrors and yada yada. So that okay? Well, taking those comments, let's see what's really going on. Let's track the variations in time. There are speakers who are present at both, as you were saying. The content may change a bit, but in terms of the same speech being given, it doesn't appear to be tremendously significant. The percentage of speakers who appear at both Black Hat and DEF CON has not necessarily just gone straight up over time. It has again kind of had its peaks and valleys. Now we're at a point where it's about 25%. There have been years where it's more, there have been years that it's less. So there's no consistent relationship here. Or at least nothing that I can statistically test to talk about significance. Going from this stuff, which is very interesting, I think the more relevant data to address, the more significant questions that we can get at can be examined by going through each CON specifically. Let me just take you through a few of the things that I think highlight some of the more important elements. The stuff that pushes beyond the simple statistics. Here's where we can see some of the transitions in action. This is a quote from Dark Tangent from the first DEF CON. You wanna meet the other members of the so-called computer underground. You've been calling BBS for a long time. Well, here's your chance to meet everybody in the flesh. Meet celebrities of the underground computer scene and those that shape its destiny. So this is an essential way to bring that underground community together. People who never have met before can do so here. At DEF CON 2, pardon? Oh, I'm sorry, something. I thought somebody in the audience was saying something. Anyway, at DEF CON 2, we can still see that kind of underground element there. There was a conversation or a letter read from the Coder decoder of the CDC. It was a very interesting thing to hear. In fact, one of the things that Armitage says is, or at least the Coder decoder wrote, is that don't be afraid of prison. He was arrested as part of Operation Sun Devil. Avoid it. I don't wanna hear about any more goddamn narcs. So this relevance of hacker as criminal or at least hacker as someone who we should fear. Maybe a little bit going on here. You have Phil Zimmerman giving a talk about PGP. Big event. You also have Padgett Peterson presenting about antivirus programming or cleaning up after other people's messes. So that's in 1994. Very early, very interesting kind of topics, specific to malware. Move on to the next year. This is where you can kind of note an initial shift. This is again from the dark tangent. It's great to meet and party with fellow hackers, but we try to provide information and speakers in a form that can't be found at other conferences. This is not just another excuse for the evil hackers to party and wreak havoc. So it's not about being a bad criminal hacker. It's something else. People come to DEF CON for information and making contacts. We distinguish the con from others in that respect.  So it's more than just spotting the fed. Now it's about coming out and meeting them. The same thing happens at DEF CON 4 when you have the San Francisco FBI computer crime squad give a talk. This year you see Ira Winkler give a talk about hackers moving from criminality to becoming security professionals. This begins to hit at that notion of hackers changing their dynamic going from criminal to something else. He talks about the ways that computer hackers can go from being criminal, being wannabes, to becoming a security professional. And you also see a talk by a group calling themselves the institution or at least they talk about this thing called the institution. A way to share information with other hackers. A way to make sure that we can bootstrap individuals into hacker culture. We don't give them everything, but at least we give them some kind of information. Here maybe we can see the beginning of the rise of the script kitty. Since in 1996, hackers came out, which a lot of people really, really love, right? That's a good movie about hacker culture, right? Yes, exactly. It is a great film. Very possible that's pushed a few people into hacking at this point. Maybe that's why we're beginning to see the need for this deviation between criminal hacker and non-criminal hacker. Then in DEF CON 1997, we can again see some interesting things here. This is an invitation to the underground elements of the computer culture. We try to target hackers, freakers, hammies, vierite coders, programmers, crackers. This is just a huge list of individuals. And also it seems the books about the culture are becoming popular, so of course reporters are welcome. Hitting right on that topic you mentioned earlier, that the media kind of comes and goes. DEF CON is also known for letting the suits mix with everyone and get an idea of what the scene is all about. So more of that injection of business, of corporate culture, perhaps, into hacking. This year there's also more of an emphasis on technical talks. This is a very specific point about the structure of the CON, what we want to see. In fact, he says, I'll load a tech heavy so when people drop out, there'll still be plenty of meat for the propeller heads. DEF CON 5 is also the first year that Black Hat takes place. So there is a little bit of overlap. And Ira Winkler gives something called the Lamer Test. This is a panel specifically talking about the skills that hackers have. He talks about the ways that the, quote unquote, clueless hacker can improve. Again, kind of referencing maybe that's the start of script kitties and noobs, the people who don't know what hacking is all about. And this year the CDC have their 12th anniversary party, a really riotous event. Then going into DEF CON 6, we've lasted six years. I never planned for DEF CON to last this long. It just sort of happens. Same thing can be more or less read in this year's program. An interesting transition. You have Super Dave giving a talk about intellectual property. At a time when intellectual property is a relatively interesting or at least a new term in our dialogue. Jennifer Granick gives a talk about the important computer crime cases of the last few years. And big thing I would be remiss if I didn't mention is the release of back orifice. If you can watch this video, if you don't know the first thing about hacker culture, this is something to see. Ira Winkler gives another talk about hackers and there's an interesting article by a gentleman named Matt Richel. He talks about the hacker convention taking on a corporate tone. Maybe it's during this phase that we begin to see this real influx of hackers into professional security. And also there's a quote in there that says the DEF CON shirts that you read, I miss crime. Can anybody validate that? Is that actually true? Yeah. Okay. There you go. Does any of this make sense? Does any of this jive with what you know? Okay, good. Hopefully I'm someone on the right track. So moving into DEF CON 7. Yes, DEF CON 7. Here, we're not trying to teach you how to hack in a weekend. We are trying to teach you, pardon me, what we are trying to do is to create an environment where you can hang out with people from all different backgrounds. All of them interested in the same thing. Computer security. Security being an important component of this. Referencing people without skill, people who don't know what they're doing. Hey, we're not here to train you. We have a specific reason why we're here. There's even a third track added this year for newbie talks to hit the 101s, the basics of certain issues. This year, back orifice, BO2K is released. Again, another huge party by the CDC. Ira Winkler gives another talk about the myths associated with hiring hackers. And you can see the beginnings of really specific security talks here this year. There's three different talks about firewalls, how to build them with open source tools. There's a few talks about security and one about enemy profiling. The bad, malicious hacker. Gail Thackeray gives a sort of ask the prosecutor kind of event. And there's a talk by Philip Larranger from the Army about the ethics, morality, practicality, patriotism of hacking. So referencing maybe things are changing. At DEF CON 8, they talk about the conference being unique. This is from the call for proposals. We want topics that hackers wouldn't normally come across. New things like back orifice. And this year we're going to increase the quality of talks by screening people and topics better. There's also a very interesting quote here. There's been an awful lot of press written about DEF CON over the years. Some of it good, most of it too fixated on attendees' green hair. I've heard green hair from many different people over the short time I've been here. And I can only assume this is the scene horror that people are talking about. That first rise of people who don't know why they're here, they just know, hey, I can get drunk and hang out with people and go to a rave. They're the blue hairs. Oh, okay, thank you. Thank you, it's good to know the... Oh, really? Yeah. Okay, so there's a specific kind of hey, look at me kind of freakiness that they were focusing on. And now maybe that's not necessarily here in the same amount that it was before. Okay, so there's been a change in the emphasis of media here. How many of you are, oh, and this may get me shot, how many of you are over 30 and are willing to admit it? Okay, how many of you are over 25? Those of you who didn't raise your hands earlier, okay? So pretty substantial amount of the audience here is in a little bit of a different demographic than say the 16-year-old I just got my new laptop. Let me see who I can hack with Sub-7. You sir, did you have something to say? Okay, thank you. Yeah, this is kind of thing. So, hey, AV guy, AV guy, I need a little microphone. Oh, okay, so I'm Agent X, I'm one of the DEF CON staffers. You guys have gotten a lot of mellowers, you've gotten older and we've noticed it and we appreciate it. Back at like nine, I started doing this at six and that was wildly out of control. Six was bad, yeah. And as the situation has changed, as everyone's gotten a lot older, you've all gotten a lot more mellow and now you go to bed at like two as opposed to five and it's not so much, you know, hookers and blow, it's great. But yeah, we definitely noticed that everybody started to mellow out recently, I mean, in five years. Yeah, but that wasn't our fault. You can't pin that one on us. Isn't there a great story about someone doing something with a plumbing one year? Oh, well, you have to be more specific. Okay. Well, that's my fault though.  Things happen. Thank you. Say that again. Well, you know, you can't really, they've pretty fortified the fortress phone now so it's not as bad. And, you know, there's lots of freaks in the house now. So it's all hacking, it's all corporate hacking. That wasn't our fault. We didn't have anything to do with that. It just got there somehow. Yeah, there's just so many great things and this is why I was hoping that at least some people have had some experience come because hearing it from your perspective is tremendously important. Since I'm really running through my time, let me just try to very quickly move through just a few other pieces. Okay, was anybody here for Dodge and Shell? The year they conducted their study of computer hackers? Raise your hand if you were here to do that survey. Yeah, they tried to conduct a study looking at hacker psychological characteristics, which is now a book called The Hacking of America. Interesting, they tried to do it here because, hey, this is a great place for hackers. Maybe we'll get some black hats. This is the first year also that we see somebody from the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Arthur Money, comes and he talks about the need for hackers to come help secure government networks. And this is pretty much an exact quote from it. If you are extremely talented and you're wondering what you'd like to do for the rest of your life, join us and help us educate other people. So a real call to the hacker community. Stop doing whatever it is that you're doing that's underground, let's do something different. There's another Meet the Fed panel and that's what it's all about here. Limo says that there's a lot less rubber-necking this year, less blue hair, less body piercing, exactly what you're talking about. Then at DEF CON 9, the call for proposal says we want more demonstrations on new tech, new tools. You're going to get into the show free, you're gonna get a badge. Many people who speak find that this is a good way to get a job. I should rename DEF CON to headhuntercon. There you go, getting more into that whole notion of hackers becoming professionals. From the pre-con site again, this year I want to get more and more technical talk. Some people don't care about that, they just want to meet new people. But as the con grows and more people get into computer hacking, it's changed. While we're not sure what it will change into this year, I do know it will be different than last year. So the recognition that this is a very dynamic kind of thing. This year is also the year that HK, pardon me, H2K2, the big Hope conference, goes on and it's bigger than hope. This is a point that's made in the DEF CON program. There's another tutorial kind of session that's held for noobs. And there's also a discussion about the laws, the DMCA, which I'm sure many of you really appreciate, and the European Cyber Crime Treaty. This year is also the year that CDC talks about hacktivism. This is a really important event because this is one of the few times aside from say the Electronic Disturbance Theater, stuff comes to the fore about hacktivism. Dmitry Skylorov is also arrested for cracking e-books. Big issue all about the DMCA. Lemos, again, makes a note of saying that DEF CON is getting older and the crowd appeared to be far more professional. It's more laid back this year. Things are changing with the audience. And I don't know how many of you have read an open letter to the community, the Dark Tangent Road, a couple of you. This is a very fascinating piece because it can kind of help us understand how the CON has changed. Essentially it is a call for input, a call for help because it's a recognition that DEF CON is changing, the audience is changing, hacker culture is changing, and something needs to be done. So, in fact, this is a direct quote. I have long thought that DEF CON cannot last forever in its current form due to several factors, growth, core attendees, and the changing nature of technology underground. Yeah, that was in a direct response to just how hard we got rolled by the attendees on nine.  I think we had huge capacity problems. I believe that was a year of fire marshal land. It was the first year with the tent, and I think the tent was on the roof. I mean, that was a little bit this way. There's a little thing that goons have on Sunday called liquid therapy, and we all drink from the Juniper Hammer, which is a gin concoction. It's very good. Yeah, there was a lot of Juniper Hammers going down that night. We didn't know if we really didn't know if we were gonna do it again. It was a bad year for us. That's why that letter came out. Okay, excellent, that helps even further. Interesting, when you look at DEF CON 10, this is the first year that you see speakers getting paid for the talks that they're giving. They want really, really technical talks unless you're giving something for the Hackfreak 101 or the Big Picture Track. So they're paying for speakers in the hopes that the quality will change. This year, kind of going back to that notion of hackers getting a little bit older, we have speakers going Friday to Sunday and we start an hour later each day than the last to let people recover. Gone are the days when we thought we could run this sucker 24 hours a day. We need sleep too. So, there you go. I'm gonna have to keep moving through this stuff really quickly. DEF CON 11, continuing this last year, we're gonna pay for speakers. We are also continuing to improve speaker quality. It's no longer enough to have green hair and an attitude. This is also the year that there's an announcement for the start of DEF CON groups. So, the importance of bringing that spirit, the notion of hacker as someone who wants to learn into the community. Theme presents hacker generations, which are talked about a little bit earlier, and then Simple Nomads rant, which is available. And he kind of goes through the same ideas, talks about the relevance of changes that are going on. After September 11th, the way that hackers are relating to one another, the way that the laws are structured, things are shifting. At least this is on the website. There's the links there. If I'm off, then perhaps that's why. But, very interesting nevertheless. DEF CON 12, how many of you are here for 12? So, the majority of you, if I'm looking at the crowd, right? A lot of people here from the call for proposals, they say, remember being attacked by flying meat. We do in sans raw meat projectiles. We wanna encourage shenanigans again this year. So, they're trying to draw out speakers from the hacker community. We want bigger groups. We wanna know who's doing what. Has that necessarily happened? Great, so things are changing a bit. Tell you what, since I've got about five minutes left, let me just real quick kind of go through a few just general ideas. It's apparent, at least from an outsider's point of view, that DEF CON has changed. The agriculture has evolved. Now at DEF CON there's a tremendous focus on security and hacking. There's also increased connections between businesses and hackers. There's greater cooperation, more professionalism, more people talking about their credentials, more people giving professional sort of talks, greater relationships to law enforcement. You've now got Spot the Fed, Meet the Fed, talk to the Assistant Secretary of Defense from the Joint Chiefs of Staff.  Spot the Fed maybe becoming the Fed? Interesting kind of change. There's Spot the Hacker. There you go. And this kind of leads me to another question, is can we see the legitimation of hacking coming on here? Can we see this movement from hacker as criminal to hacker as professional? Hacker is probably always going to have some kind of criminal notion in most of the general populace's mind. But hacker may be changing. If you think about the panel that was just here, the university I teach at has an ethical hacking class, an ethical hacking lab. There were presenters last year talking about the end of script kitties by having junior high school students learn about hacking. How do we create a cyber program for college students? So it's possible that maybe we're making white hats for the future. So this leads me to the end. Where are we? Is DEF CON and the underground moving? Is there a shift in play? And what does it mean for the future of hacker culture? I don't have enough time to really get an answer here, but hopefully if nothing else, hey, if you found this interesting, throw something up on the forum. Tell me what you think, send me an email. I would love to hear from you all. This is the kind of stuff that fascinates me. Just my contact information, shoot me a message. I'm on the forums. If you want to start a link, start a link. I just am glad and I can't thank the DEF CON people enough for putting everything online. From a research point of view, this is great. From a new script kitty point of view, this is the place you go where you can learn everything you need to know. Thanks to a friend of mine, Mac Diesel, and thanks to my wife for showing up as well because I'd love to drag her out to these kinds of events. So thank you all for your insights, for your input. Thank you for coming. If you want to get me after this is over, I'm more than accessible. So thank you.


This study developed a clinical pathway algorithm that sets forth a stepwise process for making decisions about the diagnosis and treatment of rotator cuff pathology presenting to primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare settings. Additionally, clinical practice guidelines were established to inform decision-making processes within the algorithm. The goal of these guidelines is to standardize care, provide guidance on the diagnosis and treatment of rotator cuff pathology, and assist in clinical decision-making for all healthcare professionals. This article was authored by Brader H.U.Bank, Nicholas G. Motadi, Mark Olafeve, and others.


Everything you need to install the Helix security panel comes standard in the box. The Helipad utilizes a Bluetooth low-energy radio link to communicate with the Helix system and can typically operate from over 100 feet away from the panel. To enroll the Helipad, you first have to place the Helix into Enroll mode by holding the button near the top of the Helix system for about 3 seconds. You will know the Helix is ready to listen for new devices when the arming LED, noted, links red. You'll have about 5 seconds available to enroll devices before the Helix enrollment window ends. Simply press and hold the menu button on the Helipad until you see the Enroll question mark message, then press the check to confirm the procedure. The Helipad will negotiate a secure and encrypted link with Helix, then issue a confirmation message noting it found an appropriate system. Press the menu button twice to exit Enroll mode on the Helipad, then press the Enroll button on Helix to have it exit listen mode. The LED will turn to normal green state when this is completed successfully. To arm the Helix system to stay mode, you simply press and hold the symbol to the left of the zero key.  Disarming the system is accomplished by simply entering a valid user code that's been configured into the Helix system. Arming to a way mode follows a similar procedure, but is started by pressing the away symbol to the right of the zero key. There are several other features that can be configured into the Helipad device. To view or change the settings, simply press the check key. The options menu will appear from the right of the screen. The features include from top to bottom, silent arming, instant arming, night arming, and chime mode. Chime is a global setting and any changes will be reflected on all enrolled Helipad devices. The other options are retained locally for that Helipad operation only, allowing each arming station to operate as desired based on location. You can move through the menu of options using the up and down keys as shown and toggle the settings on any feature by pressing the check key. A subsequent press of the check key will toggle it to the inverted state once again. Advanced installer features can be accessed by pressing and holding the menu key for three seconds. This option allows for changing advanced features including keypad sensitivity, changing the key press sound, or changing the enrollment status of the Helipad. Additional options may appear in future releases of the product. The battery on the Helipad will last more than one year with typical operation. Replacing the batteries is easy. Simply pull the tab at the bottom of the Helipad firmly. The cover of the keypad will be removed from the mounting plate, exposing two AAA batteries. To replace the keypad, hook towards the top of the mounting plate and press firmly until it snaps back into place. Make sure to subscribe to our YouTube page and click the Show More tab underneath the video where you can view valuable links pertaining to this product, similar how-to videos, and our low-cost, no-contract alarm monitoring services.


What's going on everybody got Kyle and Shawn here relating sports cards. We are ripping. This is 2022 NT football four box case number 117 division style It a randomized for the breakout Shawn and with the NFC north down to Neil B with the AFC West Good luck here guys. Let's see what we got. Let's see what we got One-on-one is nice man. We had some great stuff out of there tonight That Paolo timeless moments one of my favorites the Steph Curry timeless moments was very very awesome, and then the Downtown tray was sick too. So I really like the one-on-one Some fun chases. Oh, let me see. I am not sure Yeah, there's a couple tiered random teams tomorrow. Let me link you the first one There is a little bit of tiered random teams tomorrow one-on-one. It starts at About 920 with Forrest. That'll be tiered randoms tomorrow Alrighty guys. Good luck on this one. Let's see some monsters Box one. Yes, we do have two two tier one tiered breaks of it two tiered breaks of it tomorrow So tiered we do um, we do three randoms to start we do a Random for the names and then we do a random for the top 15 teams. Um, and then the bottom 15 teams So you get two teams per spot Top 15 teams and bottom 15 teams if you want to go to the results section of our website You can see the tiers You can see ahead of time what the tiers are but we'll do randoms and you'll get two teams per spot One top end team and then one lower end team So now we got a John Riggins for the Redskins NFC East Got to 35 that one's going to be Cordero Patterson for the NFC south To 35 we're tops as a pokemon and mario card. I've never seen that before Yeah, you can also check that link um answer some questions about group breaks that kind of thing Alrighty Cordero got a um, Sean's boy. This one is uh, bruce smith Come on the hole of the 25 Hall of Fame there for the bills God dual jersey Sean's boy The 25 bruce smith get away from these people. Oh project 70. Gotcha. Gotcha. There's some really cool cards there some really cool cards So 49 we've got a dual jersey johann dotson and brine robinson NFC east Behind it. We have afc east taekwondo orton to 99 for the patriots dual jersey afc east Got afc west that one's going to be central materials to 49 of um patty patrick mahomes for the afc west This one is NFC west chyron williams rookie otter to 35 nice one there. He's been killing it this year Nice chyron for the ramps NFC west that's rob He has been a touchdown machine when he's playing He's chyron there Um, another one for the NFC west is going to be to 99 a jake plumber Jake plumber there um to 99 jake plumber And To 25 we got a hasan haskins that one's going to be rookie material signatures for the um afc south Titans five to 25 Yeah, buddy the sadies, man And redemption going right back to the uh NFC south This one is rookie NFL gear signature combos chris olave Nice one there for these saints NFC south on the uh rpa Lava had a nice game this weekend as well Nice olave there receiver out of uh the oh house state university Box two these boys box two Good luck. Good luck guys Yeah, that's true Kyle. It wasn't good enough. Yeah, the saints had a rough one for sure Got james this weekend though, so they're good. They're good James this weekend Uh NFC west to 99 for the rams that is matz to afric former lion rams to 99 These are nice treasured rookie rookies not wookies to 25 is trayvon walker The jacks afc south that would have been a good time That would have been a good time for the treasured rookie strayvon walker the 25 nice one there I thought so maybe not how i might have seen something wrong, but Thought so there is dual jersey that one is the 10 nice one there aiden hutchinson rookie for the lions very nice And it's NFC north. I'll be shawn m with the uh hutch eight of ten Really really good um rusher there Got another dual jersey behind it to 99 afc north is george pickens afc north there george pickens on the rookie Another afc north right back to it is going to be a kyle hamilton to 49 sam's boy there for the ravens really good safety Playing really really well to 49 there for the ravens This one is to 49 as well. It's going to be jaylin hertz nfc east on the jersey And jaylin hertz action there for the eagles Is number to 10 that one's going to be the nfc west kurt warner On the lasting legacies jersey otter nice one there Greatest show on turf kurt Nice one there lasting legacies nfc west the uh rams It's the low number there to 10 Got a um signatures to 49 that one is going to be um justin tuck nfc east for the giants Justin tuck Oh, there's a clean one to 49. We got a signatures otter. That's going to be a justin jefferson Here we go nfc north. That's shawnt m With the vikings there justin jefferson j jetta to 49 Not shawnt's boy anymore after uh being hurt all season first pick there might be coming back Yeah, he's supposed to start There's a j jetta nice one there nfc north killed me this year And on the back is a crossover rpa for the um nsc south drake london To 99 there three color patch.  Nice one there for the falcons Drake london on the back crossover rpa box three Good luck We'll get a couple of personals going next appreciate you guys and then we'll be out of here Everybody's playing fortnight around 230 to four The 230 to 4 am shifts me and shawnt will be out there Aren't they getting the legos going? No, I'm not doing legos I'm going to bed Here's a 99 gonna be b doc nfc east their eagles bryan dockinson 99 Right behind him. We have shady's boy to 35 josh alan 35 for the beals Yeah, I know that's what uh everybody was saying where I was uh joking around because shawnt's been talking about all day He has no interest. Yeah, I got no interest in no interest in any of the other stuff they're doing Got a treasured patches of 49 davante adams a fc west 49 davante adams treasured patches a fc west Got a central materials this one's nfc east gonna be a j brown with the three color patch 49 for the eagles a j brown That guy cost me a lot of money not getting a touchdown this weekend Boom And it's a 49 got a mac jones treasure patches. He got down to the one and they tush pushed Oh, yeah got down to the one and they tush pushed him right in Uh, there's mac jones the 49 on the treasured patches jersey patriots Got dual jersey as he's south sunday treasurer to 99 trevor lorence little teal up They're racing Yeah, they're supposed to be uh the You know that what's that card game? You know, oh rocket league.  I'm out. There's a cave york. That's gonna be rookie kicker to 49.  Gotcha. Gotcha. I'm good, dude. I don't need it afc west broncos and this one is e e actual e It is gonna be for the dolphins hat patch logo is gonna be easy e three of three for the dolphins on the rpa That is the hat patch um rookie hat signatures Nice one there easy e three of three for the dolphins on the uh logo and go dolphins And behind it the 25 we have rpa is gonna be maddie corral rookie three color patch for the nfc south panthers Maddie corral rpa to 25 All righty guys one more box one more box Good luck guys last one first up. We have treasured rookies to 99 that one's gonna be cave on tibidope nfc east Nice one there. I'd like those treasured rookies We've got to 15. This one's gonna be afc west austin eckey austin eckey It's a 15 there for the charges afc west To 49 on the nfc south brine burns go nulls treasured patches 49 to 49 Got kicked out of the game for punching somebody on sunday Like it like fire brine Happens 49 fire the cannons you punched a buck There's a um I was gonna be framed fabric to 49 it's gonna be a uh javante williams afc west I didn't actually see what happened. I just saw I'm getting uh like escort out the field. I got kicked out frame fabrics there javante williams We've got stuff on digs at 25 century materials bills afc east century materials dicks Uh nice one to tammy got george kittle two color patch treasured patches nfc west george kittle six out of ten We have a patent hinder shot. That's gonna be a rookie um tight end auto to 25 um for these cowboys nfc east e Cowboys their patent hinder shot tight end There's a cool one for the um afc east. It's gonna be teddy brusky on the on-card auto to 49 Jersey auto their treasured materials or material treasures nice big on-card brusky afc east that's mr. Jeffrey We have crossover rpa that one's number two 99 gonna be a syrian davis price two color patch niners tdp nfc west And on the back nice we got to 99 it is gonna be kenny picket on the crossover um rookie patch auto That'll be for the afc north. That is greg Nice one there 52 and 99 on the kenny picket two color patch crossover rookie autos We'll get that in the mac for you mr. greg nice way to end there on the kp Alrighty there friends and that will do it for 2022 nt. That was four box full case 117 Random division style. Thank you guys. Thank you do a quick hit recap And then we are on to personals. Um, we are full on personals, but if you guys want to order one Um, would go about this time tomorrow um with mr. Forrest be around this time tomorrow You guys want to order one now could be in the getting the queue there for tomorrow Are full forts at night though who George kiddle stephan diggs. Um, there's davante williams brian burns tealaw mac jones aj brown davante adams jalen hurts. Um, there's kyle harrison Hey, good luck. Hey, thank you. Greg appreciate you man Hey, good night sir. Good night Have a good one 999 jord figgins got the 10 8 uh hudgensen The 999 taekwondo 49 pat mahomes dual jersey is dahan dotson and um bryan robinson. There's shawn's boy bruce smith We've got um rp8s here and davis price There's teddy bruski patent hinder shots. There's matt chorale true rpa. Um rod smith to 99 k york 1099 was drake london justin jefferson to 49 nice one there and justin tuck justins To 10 we have um jersey auto lasting legacies kurt warner got to um 25 hassan haskins There's jake plumber to 99 kyron williams 35 and rpa is going to be chrysalave for the saints And we had 1099 um rookie crossover rpa is a kinny picket nice one there mr. gregg And on the back is easy e three of three on the rookie hats off signatures We have three for the dolphins Alrighty there guys that'll do it for group breaks for tonight. Give us just a few minutes. We'll get personals going. Thank you. Thank you guys


Ukraine only lost five out of 71 Leopard 2 tanks during summer in counter-offensive. In 13 weeks after the start of the long-awaited Ukrainian counter-offensive on several fronts in the south and east of Ukraine, the Ukrainian army has only lost five out of 71 Leopard 2 tanks. At least 10 more of these tanks have been damaged and are currently being repaired. Forbes' media outlet reported this. According to Forbes, all losses of Leopard 2 tanks occurred within an area of 25 square miles, anchored to Mala-Takhmatchka in the north and Robatine in the south. It is quite likely that almost every member of the crew of the five destroyed tanks, 20 people in total, managed to leave their tank before it burned down or exploded. On photos and videos that captured four out of five cases of destruction of Leopard 2s, the tanks' turrets and hulls have opened hatches, a strong indication that the crews managed to get out. Damaged tanks are being repaired in Poland and Germany and will later be brought back to the front line. Forbes stressed that thanks to the fundamental strength of a 69-tonne Leopard 2 tank it can be damaged, repaired, returned to combat, then damaged and repaired again. Forbes cites Ukrainian soldier Oleksandr Solonko who stated that the Western tanks are saving lives and even most critically damaged military equipment is recovered and taken for repairs.


Live from Las Vegas, Nevada, it's the Cube, covering EMC World 2015. Brought to you by EMC, Brocade, and VCE. Welcome back, I'm Stu Miniman with Wikibon, joined by my co-host for this segment, Steve Chambers. We'll find all of our research at wikibon.com. Always excited when we have practitioners on the program. Wikibon was founded on allowing IT practitioners to share with their peers. Returning Cube alum, Brian Doherty, Chief Data Warehouse Architector with CMA Consulting. Brian, welcome back. Thank you very much, good to be here. Thank you so much. So we've been digging into the database world. I mean, huge changes going on. Can we remove performance overall from the equation so much? The roles of database administrators versus storage administrators. You've been to EMC World before. What brings you back? Well, what brings me back is all the new exciting announcements that I, especially two that I heard today that are very, very good for us. And that's along the extreme IO enhancements, the 20 terabyte to the 40 terabyte brick and the expansion from the six X brick to the eight X brick. So performance is always critical. What you have to put in to get that performance is really the question. What we're trying to do is to put in less time, but in fact, get greater performance. So they announced it as the beast. The beast. So really the highlight of the keynote this morning, unveiling this, so you've been using extreme IO, gives the update on what's been happening there. Yeah, so extreme IO from the beginning was always a great performer for us. The issue was enough capacity because we support 100 terabyte data warehouses and we have thousands of users and we really needed the capacity also. But extreme IO has gone one step further and taken that 20 terabyte brick to the 40 terabyte brick, which will allow us to get over 200 to 300 terabytes in one extreme IO cluster configuration. Which would be great for us. All right, so I'm wondering if you could go back and talk to us a little bit about what got you into extreme IO, what challenges you were facing before, and really the benefits that you've seen moving to this new generation of architecture. But really one of the first things that drove us to extreme IO was a couple different things. First of all, reducing the storage footprint. We've always needed 10, 16, 20 gigabytes per second of IO throughput for our large Oracle Rack clusters. But we would in the past have a four, six, eight bay storage array to get that. That was a costly storage array. So we wanted something that was a much smaller form factor, still as high performing as we could get on the large storage arrays. And also something we could configure and deploy very, very quickly. So those were the main drivers. Brian, I'm curious, we always often talk what's underplayed in flash is the, it's not just the infrastructure, but the facilities cost that go involved, the space, power, and cooling. Is that something you guys see? Because oftentimes somebody else owns that bill. It's not something that kind of guys to the idea. No, we host our own data centers. So at CMA we also feel that pain. So power, cooling, floor space, are crucial things for us. As we try to scale up into about four petabyte range, those things are very crucial for us. So we're trying to drive more and more performance, larger databases every day, and continue to reduce that footprint. So in terms of performance, we've heard that it changes, it's not just the IOPS, right? It changes the speed of operations as well. We've heard, same as about that.  Give us some insight into how it changes your operations. So in the past, for the traditional storage array, a lot of our performance architect storage and database would spend literally days or weeks planning a large layout for, let's say, a 50 terabyte, 100 terabyte Oracle Rack warehouse. When Extreme IO came out, now that deployment for us is a matter of five to 10 minutes. So it's literally taken days or weeks out of the equation. And it's also reduced the margin of error. Because traditionally in the past, you have all these different layers that need to be configured, from the RAID type to the device setup, to the front end port setup, to the virtualization setup. And with Extreme IO, all that complexity is abstracted away from you. So it's just much easier today. Because I know EMC, they're often commented as being very good at marketing, aren't they? And I think sometimes something that looks too good to be true, it probably is, and it sounds like, I mean, we saw a demo this morning in the keynote, which was fantastic. They brought an 11-year-old kid on stage and did that, but you're saying, yeah, it's like that in the real world. It really is that simple. It what it does is it takes a lot of the complexity that we had to have separate storage administrators and database administrators, and they were typically separate. And now with Extreme IO and this simplified storage plane, you can really take database administrators or people that are focused on the performance or service level objectives, and they can actually execute the implementation. It's very interesting, and we've heard that there are plugins available. So the Oracle guy from his pane of glass, you can see it. So what does that look like? How does that work? Well, the OEM plugin is out there now. So you can see all of the low-level information on performance. You can see latency on the hours per second, which is important. You can see gigabytes per second that's moving through the Extreme IO array. So you get a lot more, you can see, for example, ASM disk group information. So you can see a lot of performance information through that Oracle window. But surely the DBAs must really miss raising a ticket for the storage guy. They really do. They really do. The DBAs love it.  You must be able to do a lot more of them and just change the way you interact with databases and storage. Sure, what you do is you move up the stack. So what we do is we don't spend as, the infrastructure is solid. When you look at an Oracle database performance, the low-level infrastructure has to be there. And then you move up the stack and the database and the physical design and the application. Well, we've taken away a lot of the time and effort at that foundation. If that foundation is not good, you're in trouble. Now with Extreme IO, you know that's going to be good. So we refocus higher up the stack. We can focus on the business. We can focus on the physical design, the application, and get away from the layers that we really shouldn't be focusing on. So Brian, I'm curious. We keep doing a lot of research looking at, you know, even if you spent a little bit more on storage, in the database world, there's huge savings that could mean how to up and down the stack, even including the licensing. Takes a couple of years to sort out some of those things because it's not something that, you know, you turn on demand and everything. Have you done any look-backs on your standpoint as to what the total cost of ownership is after adopting these technologies? We don't have absolute numbers on that total cost of ownership. What we have, though, is we have technology-enabling business practices that we just couldn't do before Extreme IO. So we're running, for example, we have a healthcare cost and quality assurance set of heuristics, a rules engine that we run. And that rules engine scans through billions and billions of rows, and it looks for anomalies, and it looks for healthcare anomalies and cost and quality of care. That would take us days to run before, and a traditional array. Now we can do that in about an hour with Extreme IO. So that's an example where we're into an enabling technology that we couldn't even touch. Well, yeah, I mean, that's transformative to the business, right? That's correct, that's correct. So it allows us to go out and provide kind of a strategic value add to the customers that we service in the healthcare space. Do you see new business opportunities because of this? Do you see yourself doing something different at the path of improving existing stuff, right? When we first bought Extreme IO, we were looking at that really as a point solution for performance problems, specific use cases. Now what we're looking at is putting Extreme IO in as an infrastructure storage layer. So where the use case was very specific to Oracle Rack and Oracle Rack and performance, now we're actually looking at Extreme IO for not only Oracle Rack, but other applications, other databases, other analytics, because some of the enabling technology features here, snapshots, inline-d-duke compression, all of that is really value add to a lot of what we do. So you're looking at becoming the standard. We're looking to build, take it as an extensive of a point solution and build out a flash infrastructure that we can then capitalize on with other applications. So a lot of talk you hear is about matching workloads to infrastructure configurations. Now I know from my past history, I just think, oh my God, that sounds complicated, right? And you can get it wrong. And humans are not very good at estimation of all those good things. Right, so what this does is it gives us more flexibility not to buy a specific technology or a specific storage array and then be boxed in because that storage array isn't flexible enough to scale through a different type of workload. It sounds like a kind of get out of jail free card, just in case someone ever, God forbid you made the wrong decision. That's exactly what, that's a good way to put it. It's really a risk mitigator. You know, when you bring in something that's a small form factor, very good economics, scale out architecture, homogeneous, even performance, great latency, it's really hard to go wrong with that. So it's a great risk mitigator. All right, so Brian, you talked about some of the big announcements that EMC made, but you know, no vendor's perfect. What's on your wish list for the industry in general or maybe EMC product line specifically? What would make your job easier? I think there were two things on our wish list and we got a couple of them today. One of them was the increased density on the brick. So we need petabytes of storage and with the 6X brick and the 20 terabyte, 6 cluster, we were having some capacity issues. But now we got 80, 8 bricks, we've got 40 terabytes. So that's been answered. The second thing was replication. Replication, all of our data centers are hot. So we really didn't have a great replication solution. We had to handle it to the application. But now we're cover point and replication has now come to Extreme IO also. So we got two of the things that were really important to us and I think that's, you know, three years ago when I first started looking at this, we were looking at Flash, we kind of bet the ranch on the technology and the company and they have brought to fruition what we were hoping for three years ago. Do you see yourself using different arrays from different vendors?  What we saw is a lot of vendors that have very specific Flash products and Flash solutions. What we wanted was a product that really looked just like any other storage array but was really all the performance and benefits of the Flash storage. So for example, we use PowerPath as a multipathing layer for the Oracle Rack cluster. We use that for other arrays and we like it, it works really well for Oracle Rack clusters. We can use PowerPath with Extreme IO. We couldn't use it with other Flash vendors. So there are just things in the Extreme IO package and configuration that were inherited from the legacy of EMC as a company with 30 years of storage industry experience that we could exploit and leverage. As your question about the kind of operation side, there was a day yesterday with EMC talking about DevOps and the impact of different application styles coming into the operations guy and then there's resistance to change and things like that. Did you experience much resistance from any operations or storage guys? Has it changed their job in any good or bad way? Some, but as soon as we got them on the technology and using the technology, it was so easy for them to use. Eventually that went away. Because I assume they've got more things than they can do in a day, right? Yeah, I tell you what it did is it actually allowed them to get much more done in a day. So to a certain extent, it just freed them up to do more work. They was received better by the company internally and they looked good. I mean, Brian, I'm curious. I talked to a service provider who went all Flash and he said, yeah, you know, there's times where I wouldn't necessarily need the performance, but if I can just remove that decision point from what I need to do, boy, it frees me up for a lot. I'm a big believer in we really want that all Flash homogeneous array. I really think that's a great thing. The hybrid arrays are good. They're good for some people, but there's still some decision points that have to go on in terms of what application do I put here? What do I put on Flash? What do I put on non-Flash? And something really nice about having an all Flash array and it's all there. It's simple. Everything's there. It's even performance. It's just really a really nice tool. I mean, clearly you use it for rack. You're running rack-in-it, series-sized databases as well, which I always get nervous with dates, so the fear of losing it, that's just... Early on, there were some issues with the controller. That was like three years ago. We've had it up now running in production, two of them for over a year and we've had no issues. No issues at all. So we've been very happy with the performance, very happy with the reliability, very happy with the simplicity. And the other thing I would say that we really wanted, that I didn't mention before, is we really wanted a very comprehensive command-level interface and that's something that they've delivered in the past couple of releases that really have allowed us to do things, like go in very quickly and cut a snapshot of performance data and then send that into an Excel spreadsheet. Now that sounds like an easy thing, but from a traditional storage array, that's not an easy thing to do. It's a high infrastructure. You have to set up the software, the infrastructure, but with Xtreme I.O., it's all part of the product, the storage management app, and it's very, very easy to get that data. We've also heard that the architecture's different, certainly very close to the array. What about connecting to it? There's lots of different ways to connect to storage. Does it change anything that touches it? Does it change that architecture as well? No, it's really, again, getting back to the point. It's very familiar. It's just like operating where there are other traditional storage arrays. It's fiber channel zoned in, fiber channel zoning, power path there, so it really looks just like our old storage array, but performs a lot better. Great, all right. Well, Brian, we're going to leave it there. Thank you so much for joining. I always love to get your point of view. If you come on another couple of times, we're going to have a whole playlist for the things that we've done. So thanks for that segment. Got lots more wall-to-wall action coming here from EMC World 2015. I'm Stu Miniman with Steve Chambers, and we'll be right back after this quick break.


From 2006 to 2011, an average of 15 novel recombinant protein therapeutics have been approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA, annually. Increasing numbers of innovator biologic products and biosimilars have fueled the demand of production cell lines with high productivity. This article reviews established advances in protein expression and clone screening which are the core technologies in mammalian cell line development. Advancements in these component technologies are vital to improve the speed and efficiency. This article was authored by Sae Kong-ing, Ting Fung Lai, and Yu An-cheng Yang.


President Mohamed Dubuari has approved the deployment of nine permanent secretaries to other federal ministries. Dr. Foulache Adéh Yemi Esson, head of civil service of the Federation, disclosed this in a circular on Tuesday. Yemi Esson said that the deployed permanent secretaries are Bitrus Nabassu from the Ministry of Petroleum Resources to the Ministry of Communications and Digital Economy. Dr. Eve Leningige, office of the HOCSF to the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment, among others. She said that the deployment was with immediate effect while handling and taking over should be completed on or before August 6th, with the exception of the permanent secretary, Ministry of Health, whose takeover would be on August 13th.


Everything happens for a reason. I can't believe I'm making this video. I really can't. This is, this is the hardest video I've ever made.  And I worry, I literally, what the footage about seeing just happened. Hey guys, so I filmed that video yesterday. Well, early hours this morning but yesterday. I couldn't make a video last night talking about this because I was both emotional and I didn't know how to deal with it. I didn't know what I was dealing with. I've had time today to truly get into what I'm dealing with and to research the things that I needed to know about last night. And I'm just going to address it now. Lydia, why was you in A&A? To start with, I first filmed one on one after I had collapsed five times, like full on blacked out five times. I had no idea what happened.  It happened five times and I was like, I'm going to call for advice, I don't know what to do. And then during the initial assessment she was like, I'm sending a paramedic round to check on you. I was like, why?  Yeah, I had to test them. My blood pressure was low, my sugar level was low, heart rate was fast, and it dropped. And when I say dropped, they did the 12 litre ECG and it went from high to low in the one scan and no one theoretically can do that without there being something wrong. And he was like, he turned around and he was like, we're going to have to go to A&A. I was like, I'm not going to argue with you. I was like, I don't want to risk anything. With mental health, I see it differently. With my mental health, I know what I'm doing with that. With physical health, I don't have a flu. And I do want to make that clear. When it comes down to mental health, I know what's best for me. Physical health, I haven't got a clue. So we went to A&A and I got there and the first thing they did was blood pressure. It was very low, very low, so they made me sit down. They wouldn't let me stand up. Yesterday was hard. Yesterday was really, really hard. And yeah, I don't know how to explain it. So I had loads of tests done. I had ECGs done. My blood pressure was checked every 15 minutes. My heart rate was constantly being jacked. And yeah. So my heart would pay slowed down to 53. And then to 40. And then to 39. It was terrifying because it was terrifying because it's a very real thing. And I'm terrified of my physical health or something to do with my heart going wrong. It scares me. So moving on a bit to after the heart rate thing came to average, it was, what was it? I wrote it down and I know I missed things. It was 102. So it went, like saying my heart rate is traumatic. And that was what? Like the blackouts. I've been told to keep my sugar levels as high as I can. So I've literally got, I have to have sugar. And I wanted to stop having like the sugary drinks and stuff. But hey, I don't have a choice currently. So what's going on with me? I have two pathways for my heart. And I have mentioned this briefly before. One of them slowed down because of the low sugar level yesterday. And that's what caused the blackout. The only issue with this now is it could happen again. And yeah, I don't really know much more. I'm to those who would have had a deal with it. I'm not doing great about it. I don't know how to react about it. I feel very down. I feel low. But I'm also really happy because at least I am getting help for things. I'm happy because my life's going pretty good at the moment. But that one thing just tipped that entire evening. I went from making video to A&E. It's kind of ironic because I was, actually yesterday I was going to film a video about the time that I flatlined. Like I was filming on my phone because my camera was dead. Like literally I started to film a video yesterday afternoon about this flatlining experience I had. I filmed on my phone. I filmed part of it on my phone anyway. I don't know what to say. I'm in shock. That's all. So yeah. I don't know what to accept or want to take from here.  I'm just really tired today. I'm really tired. Oh don't cry Lydia. I cried a lot. I walked home and I was crying. I was like I don't know how to deal with this because I already have a lot of issues with my health. To have more added to that. A lot more serious. That's terrifying. I'm not saying I'm going to die of heart disease or anything. I'm not saying that. What I'm saying is the fact that it could dip again and cause blackouts again that scares me because of course it does. Who wouldn't that scare? So yeah. Thank you for watching. I don't normally put this part of my life online but my channel is for change. So let's do it. Thank you for watching. Completely unrelated though. I'm going to shame a super plug now. So I have merch. Merchlink is in the bio. Make sure you check it out. Make sure you share it with people. It's going to get improved. I'm not a designer at any level. My first edition book is only going to be available for two more weeks. So if you guys would like to take your hands on that then get it fast. My second book is going to replace it which is the first book in that but it's better. The first edition book is currently discounted to £3 something. I think it's £3.92 or something like that. It's discounted. So yeah. Please do that. I also have, if you guys are interested in Audible I do have a link which is in the description down below. We can get a 303 trial and you get a free Audible. What could be better than that? I also have all the links to all my equipment down below if you guys are interested in what I use to make all my videos or that's down below. Thank you guys for watching and if you guys would like to keep up to date with my life when I'm not posting videos you can follow me on Twitter which is Life of Lydia. I also have Instagram which is also Life of Lydia. Life of Lydia official. That's what it is. Thank you for watching. I love you all. Thank you for being a supported family.


Music is a really complex phenomenon, it's probably one of the most complex things that humans engage in, so there are lots of reasons why we might enjoy music. Research was done by Spanish-Canadian researchers and they surveyed a large number of people using a questionnaire on music and hedonia. And this actually explored how people are related to music in a range of different ways. And from that data they found a whole range of people from very pleasurable capacity for music to quite an inability to experience pleasure to music. So they selected people who were very low in those scores, those who were in the middle and those who experienced a lot of pleasure and then looked at their physical responses as they listened to pleasurable music. And they found those that said they didn't experience pleasure to music also didn't have physical responses, things like heart rate increasing or sweating, whereas those that reported a lot of pleasure in music showed much more intense responses physically. So they concluded from that data that there is a class of people that they called music and hedonics that don't experience the same pleasure to a whole range of music, not just one type, but they tried classical and jazz and pop and rock. A musier is a condition in which people have some difficulty in processing certain aspects of music. So either the pitches or the rhythm of the music are not perceived in the same way as other people. And this is often due to an acquired or perhaps a brain injury that's there from birth that is actually preventing the same auditory processing of that sound as it occurs normally. This is different from music and hedonics who actually do perceive the music in the same way. Those parts of the brain that are involved in auditory processing are the same, are intact in musical and hedonics, we assume. What's different there, we assume, is some problem in the reward or the pleasure pathways of their brains. We know that there are lots of different ways of engaging with music and lots of different reasons that we engage with music. So one other way that we might get or be attracted towards music or want to use music is a very intellectual way. So some people love music but often don't cite emotional responses a big part of it. Often it's the intellectual appreciation of the aesthetics or the cleverness of the music or the artistry in the music and that can be really rewarding for those people without giving them that physical arousal and that chill thrill phenomenon. So that's one possibility that people with anhedonia might still appreciate and be attracted and use music for the intellectual appreciation. While music and hedonics don't experience the same pleasure with music, people with music anhedonia would still be experiencing that same great thrill and that great release of dopamine from other events in their life.


The battalion is going on just over four weeks here in Okinawa, started mission operations about a week and a half ago. Currently I have just over 560 personnel deployed across both 3rd Fleet and 7th Fleet AOR. Just over 500 of them are here in 7th Fleet. I have 10 sites spread across the Pacific AOR, as far east as Panay Philippines and as far west as Guam. They were doing everything from humanitarian operations within the Philippines, building schools and clinics, all the way to mission support facilities within formalized bases on Japan and here in Okinawa. One of the advantages my sailors have is we are forward deployed and the liberty and some of the opportunities they have to see, some of the cultural things is amazing. For the first term sailors, this will probably be one of the few times that they have been outside the U.S. and have an experience with the local cultures and the local people that you won't get anywhere else. We build, we fight. Contramus, Battamus.


Hello everyone, this is financial author Amit Dan of amitdan.com. On this channel you'll find financial, travel and more videos just like the one you're watching right now. If you like what you see, please give it a thumbs up and consider subscribing. Today, I'll talk about create curse that can save you foreign transaction fees. Most Canadian create curse charge nasty foreign transaction fees when you shop in a non-Canadian currency. However, with these create curse, you can save 2.5% as that's the standard fee other curse charge when you shop or buy anything which is in other than Canadian currency. The first create card I have today is the Amazon Canada Rewards create card. This is a no-animal fee create card that offers no foreign currency fee. However, it doesn't have many parts and features. But this is a good card to keep for foreign travel and online shopping in foreign currency. This is issued by Chase Canada and this card will not work in these countries which are Burma or Myanmar, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan, Syria and Libya. The second create card I have today is the Marriott Rewards Premier Visa create card. This card also issued by Chase Canada and will not work in Burma, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan, Syria and Libya. This card has a $120 annual fee. However, this is a Marriott Hotel Chain co-branded create card and arms Marriott Rewards points and comes with other benefits such as a free night and other perks and features. The next card I have here is Rogers Platinum Mastercard. This card works a little differently than other no-fee foreign transaction create cards. You pay the 2.5% foreign transaction fee, however Rogers offers 4% cash back in foreign transaction charges. So making it in 1.5% return in foreign purchases. The annual fee is $29 but waived for the first year. However, if you pay your Rogers bills by pre-authorized payment, the annual fee is waived each year. The next card is the CIBC Air Canada AC conversion Visa prepaid card. Although this is a prepaid create card, it's marketed as a no foreign currency transaction fee as long as you transact in one of the 10 supported currencies it offers. However, when you load foreign currency, it seems to factor in and charge a 2.5% foreign transaction fee. Still, I like this card because it lets you withdraw from 1 ATM per month in a foreign country and as long as it's in the supported currency and it's safer when you travel because you're the one to decide how much you want to load into the card or how much you'd like to utilize your balance. So basically you're not traveling around in foreign countries with a card with a huge credit limit.  My last trade card is the Tangerine Moneyback MasterCard. The Tangerine Moneyback MasterCard is a free no annual fee trade card that charges you only 1.5% foreign transaction fees instead of 2.5%. Although this is not a 0% foreign transaction fee card, still it's better than 2.5%. That's all for today. Please keep an eye on this channel and if you like what you see or if you find the content helpful, please give it a thumbs up and consider subscribing. Thank you.


This is Marc. How are you? I'm doing great. I hope you're doing great too. I finally redecorated my room. Really? She met her future husband at work. Did she? They don't appreciate your attitude. Is that right? She has won the spelling competition at school. Unbelievable! They found out he was cheating on his final exam. No way! In this lesson we're going to look at how to show interest or surprise when making a statement. So stay tuned. How many times have you used really to show interest or surprise? Well, there are other ways to show surprise or interest. Let's look at them. I finally redecorated my room. Really? Well, this is the typical example that you use to show surprise. Really? As simple as that. Let's look at another example. Larry didn't show up for our appointment. Really? I wonder why? Yes, you can add I wonder why. I wonder. I wonder. I ask myself why. How come is another way to say to show surprise? Which means why, right? How come? Why? The next point that I want to show you is a method that you need to use all the tenses. So there, you need to review all the tenses to use this method. So let's look at the example, shall we? She met her future husband at work last month. Did she? Yes, that's right. Did she? In this case, because we have a past simple sentence or statement. She met. Met is the past of the verb to meet. So what is the auxiliary of the past simple? Well, did. Well, in order to use this method, we need a formula. The formula is auxiliary plus pronoun. In this case, we said she met her future husband at work last month. What tenses this? Yes, that's right. Past simple. Was the auxiliary of the past simple? Yes, that's right. Did. So did would be the auxiliary. And then the pronoun she. Let's take a look at another example. He'll fall off the bike if you don't hold him steady. Will he? Right, so in this example, we have a future statement. He'll fall off the bike. He'll. He will. So the auxiliary is will. And then the pronoun in this case is he. We have other methods. For example, they don't appreciate your attitude. Is that right? Well, in this case, is that right? Could be a little bit sarcastic, right? But we can even say, oh, yeah. Really? So the intonation is very important here. So let's look at the same example with a different intonation. They don't appreciate your attitude. Is that right? As you heard in the example, we can have different intonation. So the intonation is really important here. Now let's look at how to show surprise. So has won the spelling competition at school. Unbelievable. Yes, we have expressions such as unbelievable, wonderful, wow, and you can use them instead of really. Let's look at another example. Bob watched the whole series in just a day. Wow. Yes, this is another example and we can have wow as an exclamation of surprise. Now let's look at other examples showing surprise. They found out he was cheating on his final exam. No way. Yes, we can have other expressions such as get out. I don't believe it. Holy cow. Oh my God. Oh my gosh. As if no kidding. These are all expressions that we can use to show surprise. Now we have also expressions to show disappointment. Let's look at this example. We'll have to review all our grammar for next week's lesson.  Yes, I used a slang expression.  Or you can use no way, no way to show disappointment. Well, that's it for today. If you have any questions, comments, or if you want to post your own example of showing interest or surprise, you may do so under this video. If you haven't subscribed to my channel, I suggest you do. If you want to share the lesson, you may do so. Having said that, have a great week and I see you next week with a new lesson. Take care. Bye-bye.