Well, first of all, hi everybody, and first of all, thanks a lot to all the FOSTA and stuff for organizing this great conference, I think it's really good work that you're doing. Well, I'm a software engineer at BMW Karate, and I want to tell you today about a piece of software that we have come about in the last two years, which is Apache Edge, which is a framework for building up network services in a RPC style fashion. And I want to tell you today what Edge is. I want to give you a basic introduction on what features are and how you can use it in your application to make your code very easily network service ready. So you can use your functions and your functionality just as a network service in a very easy way. So what is Edge? And first of all, it's a framework for building network services. And if you think about that, you've probably come to the question, why on earth should anybody, again, implement the framework for building network services? There are dozens of that out there. So probably all of you know Corba or probably all of you know web services, and there are many others. But Edge is, at least for our use case, which is making efficient, transport-independent network services based on the binary efficient protocol. It is the choice that we made, and it worked out really pretty well for us, and it scales from phones to backend servers, and it has features that I want to show you today, which distinguish it in its whole from other service frameworks that you probably know. So what is Edge? First of all, the key feature of Edge is that it's being symmetric. So in traditional service frameworks, you have a client and you have a server, and you open up a connection, then the client asks the server, it calls functions and stuff and gets responses. And Edge is symmetric. So you open up a connection, and after that the client and the server have no specific role. They can talk to each other in both directions.  I will come to that later on. In Edge you can choose whether you want the one or the other, just what is your application demand. Then you have pretty good support for error handling, which is based on the idea of exceptions, which you know from Java or other languages. And this really makes the idea of exceptions transform to the area of network services. So you have services which can not only return regular results, but also throw exceptions. Then you have pretty good timing-constrained features in Edge. You can specify methods for certain timing assumptions. You can say, I want this method to return a value in under one second, for example. Otherwise I will get an exception. And of course, because it's a network service description, it's a network service framework, you have a language for describing your network services, because sort of an IDL. I will show that later on. It's fast and efficient, as I said. And that's the nice thing. It doesn't require you to install a application server or whatever in the backend. It's just one single library that you can use, transport and language independent. All your devices, you can use it in phones. You can use it in backend servers. And they always be compatible via Edge. It has a modular architecture. And as I said, it's trying to be language and transport independent. So I will get more into detail about all those features that I've showed you in a more concrete way. So the very basic thing that you can do in Edge is what you see at the very top of this slide. You can write network service descriptions. In this case, you just have a service which is called Hello World here. And it has a method which is called Hello. Passes a string and returns a string. And you probably guess what's happening on the wire. So you have notes in your network. And here is, for example, TCP IP communication and our service framework. And what happens on the wire is that you say hello to your server. Your server response thread processes the request and tells you hello, client. Well, this is probably what all of you know from various RPC-based frameworks. You can do this in Edge too. But there is more that you can do. First of all, I told you Edge is symmetric. What does that mean? So you can define services in your IDL. And you can annotate them by using direction primitives. So you can say this hello method is something that I can send to the server. And this ask something method is something that I can send to the client. So here you see that in Edge, it doesn't make a difference who is the server, who is the client. You just communicate on the wire. And then in the end, this will look up on the wire. You have here the client and here the server. And you say hello to the server. It says hello to the client. And in a completely different thread, for example, you could say ask something to the client. And exactly the same things are happening on the client side. So this is really symmetric and makes it really convenient and easy to use. It's especially very good if you're having interactive application, interactive functionality, interactive applications that require that you communicate in both ways. Then you can say, I want to choose how my function calls are delivered. So for example, if you, what I've shown you before is that you have synchronous calls which are blocking and which are waiting for the result of the function. And as you can choose whether you want those functions to be blocking or not. If you don't want them to be blocking, you just annotate the function with one way. And then what happens on the wire is that you have asynchronous function calls here. And you see here, it doesn't wait for your function to return. It just sends out a message, forgets it, fire and forget. And then on the server it is processed and sometime because this is direction client method that howdy as a response to hello, the server will answer as synchronously and the client will process that answer also synchronously. And in Edge you can choose whatever you want, what fits your application best you can choose and you get your code generated from that service description here. So another feature that Edge has is data modeling and error handling which I want to show you now. First of all, data modeling. Data modeling is inspired by object-oriented languages so you can define structs but you can also use all the object-oriented features like inheritance and all that stuff. Here to make a simple example, we have a struct which is called user and that user is a property which is his name and you have that hello method here which the user is supplied as a parameter. Okay, but you can also define exceptions. As I said, you can define exceptions just like normal data. So you say exception, user unknown exception, also provide a string for the exception message and then you annotate your function here with a normal source declaration just as you know it from Java and on the wire it's possible that you say hello to the server and of course this one can then say, I don't know you, this is a user unknown exception. So you can really use that paradigm of object-oriented exception handling in a network service. You can also annotate your services with timing constraints so you can say, I want this hello method to answer within the time bound of 500 milliseconds for example and this will also throw another exception, time out exception if this bound is over it. So this is generally what edge does on the network description layer and as I said, this is compiled by the edge compiler and you get co-generated for various languages. For example, for C-sharp, for Java, for Google Go and we have also parts of implementations ready which are in a very early stage for Python and other things. So this is what I wanted to say here. Google Go is the earliest addition to our binding library. The other three here, Java, C-sharp and C are stable versions which you can use for whatever you want. They work, they are stable and those things here, JavaScript, Python is under development and Google Go are available in an alpha state which implements the basic protocol functionality. Edge is transparent independent so what I've showed you before is based on TCP. I explained it on TCP but it doesn't necessarily have to be TCP. It just has to be a stream protocol in some way. You could do this on a serial wire, you could do this on Bluetooth, you could do this on TCP. It is also independent from the concrete transport format. So what we do by default is encoding our data, our function calls on the wire using a binary encoding which makes it small, which makes it efficient, which gives you good performance numbers but you could have a different use case which requires you to use XML. There is an XML binding available, for example, implemented in a JavaScript and C sharp bindings because of course in the browser scenario this would fit better than binary encodings but for example, if you go embedded, which you can with Edge, then of course this binary encoding is probably a thing that you want. So you can really choose and the technology as itself is independent from that very basic requirements. We have tooling available, so if you want to debug, for example, what's happening on my TCP transport in my application, you have Wireshark support, you can put in the network description and you will get an interpretation of the traffic that is going on with the wire using Wireshark. We have basic Maven integration. We are currently working on providing nice accepts plugins for making writing the network services description easier and running the compiler and all that stuff. Then we come to efficiency, it's quite important. I haven't the time in these 15 minutes to make a big comparison of all the other frameworks that are out there. There is data on the website regarding that but just to give you an impression, we have different ways of calling functions as I said. For example, if you have asynchronous one-way calls where you just one after the other call the functions and fire and forget them, we come on a normal desktop system to around 40K function calls per second. If you compare this to, for example, an HTTP-based XML-based web service framework, you will end up with a factor of 10 to 100 slower, just to give you an impression. And even with the blocking calls, we end up with 15K calls per second. So this is really meant to be used in performance critical, for example, embedded applications but also in higher-scaled networks. Just you can choose, it's up to you. The nice thing about Edge is, when it goes to implementation, we have a layered architecture. So what you see here is the protocol stack on the server and on the client side and they are both symmetric. As I said, Edge doesn't distinguish between client and server very much. So you have the exactly same architecture running on the client, running on the server. And you have layers which you can very easily exchange. So for example, if you want another transport, you just take out the TCP stuff and plug in another transport, which has a very good defined interface. You can just implement a few methods that you need and then you take this out and put Bluetooth or whatever in, so you can choose here. And then it goes up via the packetizer which is responsible for making chunks of data. Then the messageizer which is responsible for serialization and here you can also choose if you want XML, if you want binary, plug it in, plug it out. And then you have the mailbox manager which handles the as-in-chronycy in the whole thing. So you have the constant of mailboxes and what you do is when you have your application which issues a call to the server, then this goes over the remote into the delivery service and then it spawns a mailbox. And this one just waits until someone on the other side will process that request and then the answer will come back and will be delivered to that very specific mailbox and the answer will be delivered back to the application. And this is fully symmetric in both ways and those layers here, the stops and remotes are generated from the network service description that you've written. All the other things are dependent on the protocol stack that you're currently using. So you can choose whatever you want and you get that nice code here up in the upper layers generated by the edge compiler. What is going on on our roadmap? Where do we want to go? Of course, most important is always getting more languages, more transports. So making this thing really broad and available. At the moment, it's pretty good implemented using Java, TCP, C, C sharp. So you can choose, but it's TCP. We would want to have a serial implementation. We want to have a UDP implementation. For example, also we will want more languages. As I said, there are first steps for JavaScript and Python. And you can even think of what you want in addition on top of that framework. So you will come up pretty fast with something that you want, an aiming service, for example. You want discovery of your services. We have ideas of implementing the discovery of the services with Edge itself, for example. When you have a UDP multicast binding at the very lower level, then you could implement the discovery with the technology itself, which would be pretty nice. You want web service, gateway, you want more security. There is some basic security building, but you probably want more. You want better ideas apart. And you can think of various other features that are on the roadmap. And what I can say, this is a project which is in the Apache Incupator, which is a staging area, you could say, for new projects to enter Apache. And we are still in a choice of what we want for the future to be developed. So if you like Edge and if you want something here, we are pretty happy to get in contact with you. You just join the mailing lists, join Edge Dev, look at the website and contact us. So this is really under development features. So if you want to find out more, there's a website, which is that. And there are mailing lists, which are our primary source of development communication. So if you're interested in Edge, drop a mail on Edge Dev for Edge user, whatever you're interested in, and you will get whatever help that you need on these lists. There are contributors. The initial development of Edge was done at Cisco. At BMW, we used it, for example, for connecting phones to cars, which is a very specific requirement. We can also use it for connecting embedded devices to internet services, for example. Yeah, so there is a community of people that are working on that, and if you want to get in contact, directly me are the mailing lists, and thanks a lot.


E-L-S. That's right, folks. C for comedy, A for Abbott, M for Maxwell, E for Ennis, L for Luke Costello. Put them all together and they spell Camel. Experience is the best teacher. Try a Camel.  And draw up a chair for tonight's Camel show starring Butt Abbott and Luke Costello. Hanley Stafford is pinch-heading for Butt Abbott who has a bad case of laryngitis and is listening in at home. Costello, come over here. What's the matter with you? Oh, Hanley, I feel so unnecessary. Kamara is the first day of spring. Yes, and I hope you didn't forget to take that spring tonic I made for you, that sulfur and molasses. Yes, but I'm not gonna take any more of that stuff, Hanley. You put too much sulfur in it. Too much sulfur?  Costello, you got spring fever. Oh, yes, Hanley, I think I'm in love with Marilyn Maxwell. Everywhere I look, I see her face. As I look around this room, even the design in the wallpaper seems to say, Marilyn, Marilyn, Marilyn, Marilyn. Marilyn! What was that? A crack in the wallpaper. You are my road to love. Road to love? Yes, and what detours? Marilyn, don't mind Costello. He's got spring fever. Oh, but spring time is romantic, Louis. Suppose, suppose I were to take you in my arms and say, I only have one heart, one heart. What would you say? Two clubs? Well, Louis, Louis, I've got to go now and order my new BVD. BVD? That's my brown velvet dress. See you later, boys. Hey, Hanley, remind me to get rid of my IOU. IOU? Yes, that itchy old underwear. Oh, talk, says Costello. Oh, look, this spring, why don't you do something useful? Plant a garden. It'll cut down your expenses. Look what the headline in the paper says, cost of living skyrockets. Who cares about the cost of skyrockets? Living or dead. But if you want me to out-plant a garden, Hanley, I'll raise flowers like my Uncle Artie Stebbins.  What did he get? Hepcats.  Costello, why don't you raise hyacinths?   I'm talking about flowers. You like dahlias? Oh, sure, my uncle comes from there. Where? Dahlias, Texas. Never mind that. Oh, look, I'm going to help you plant a spring garden. Now, the first thing you do is sow the seed. I do what? You've got to sow the seed. I didn't even know it was ripped. Now, wait a minute. When I say sow, I don't mean sow S-E-W. I mean sow S-O-W. Sow. So what? Sow the seed. You see, you've got to sow the seed before you reap it. You sow first and reap later. What kind of talk is that? I used to reap my seed first and my mother would sow it later. Costello, when I say reap, I don't mean reap like your rip when you rip. I mean reap like your reap when you sow. Oh, when you say reap like your reap when you rip, you don't mean rip like your rip when you reap. You mean reap like your reap when you sow. Now, you've got it. Now, I've got it. I don't even know what I'm talking about. Well, Costello, I'll explain what sow the seed means. Suppose you are planting tomatoes. Why do I have to wait for tomatoes? Why can't I plant them today? All right, all right. You're planting tomatoes today. When they grow up, what do you do with them? I eat them. Yes, but you can't eat all of them. Why not? They're my tomatoes. I planted them. I'm gonna eat them. You can't eat all those tomatoes alone. I don't eat them alone. Ah, that's better. I eat them with salt and pepper. Look, dummy, you've got a whole field of tomatoes.  You can. Certainly. Then again. Could I have that again? Certainly. Only this time, spread it out. Let me get a good look at it. All right. You have a lot of tomatoes. Now you eat what you can and what you can't eat. You can. I can what? You can what you can't. I can what I can't. That's right. Henley, I'm willing to forget the whole thing. Oh, no, you don't.  You only eat what you can and what you can't eat, you can. There's only one way to settle the whole thing. How's that? We'll throw away the tomatoes and eat the can. Look, how do you get to know so much about plant and garden? I've listened to experts discuss it on the radio. Don't you ever listen to the radio? Listen to the radio? Yeah. Henley, I lived in Allen's alley. I've ridden a range with Red Rider. I've walked the floor with the quiz kids. I handled the Novocaine when young Dr. Malone operated on John's other wife. And in spite of you, I still think life can be beautiful. Experience is the best teacher. It happened during the wartime cigarette shortage. What was that? That was Henry. He's just heard the corner store has cigarette. And when Henry got there, three seconds, that's my best record yet. At the cigarette counter, Henry gladly took whatever brand he could get because folks couldn't be choosers in those days of shortages. Henry says, I smoked about every brand there is, but it was worth it because that's the way I discovered I really liked Camel's best. Yes, during the war when cigarettes were short, the experience of smoking whatever brand they could get taught millions the differences in cigarette quality. That was when people's T zones, that's T for taste and T for throat, compared more cigarette brands than they'd normally try in a lifetime. And of all these brands, smokers learned that their T zones really appreciated Camel's rich, full flavor and cool mildness. The result? Today, more people smoke Camel than ever before. Experience is the best teacher. Try a Camel. Time now to light up a Camel at Skinny Anna Sings. It's the same old dream. I can see a steeple surrounded by people. Oh, how real, all starts to see. Just as the quiet stays, my alarm starts ringing. It's the same old. And then my thoughts inspire, a scene by the fire, in a cottage close by a stream. I know it all by heart now. We're about to part now today. Oh, dream. If you but knew how many times I've pretend that I'm with you, I'm sure your heart would undemn you'd see me through, until my dream had a happy ending. I can picture clearly the seas all of Delhi in the center, you raise the dream. We can't and I discover I'm a love lover. It's the same. Here, I got you a beautiful seed catalog. Pick out what you want to plant. Oh, I think I'll plant radishes, onions, carrots, cucumbers, and Brussels sprouts. Oh, you don't even know what Brussels sprouts are. I do too. A Brussels sprout is a cabbage after the withholding tax has been deducted. Say, Costello, this catalog gives a description of each vegetable. It says the Idaho potato, three inches in circumference, thin skinned, easy to raise. Listen to this description, five foot two, eyes of blue, hard to date. What vegetable is that? A Hollywood tomato. Oh, stop that. I thought you wanted to plant a garden. Oh, I do, Hanley, but my backyard is too small and I'm just dying to plant some cucumbers. Hey, I've got it, Costello. We'll ask the weather wet wash to let you plant some of the land she inherited from her husband. You knew her husband died. Brother, did he take the easy way out? Quiet, Costello. Here comes Mrs. Wet Wash now. Let me handle this. Oh, good morning, Mr. Stafford. Good morning, Mrs. Wet Wash. Well, tomorrow's the first day of spring. It's time to put in a garden. Oh, I wondered what you were doing with that big barrel of peat moss. Oh, pardon me. That's Costello. Go ahead, Costello. Ask her about planting the cucumbers. Mrs. Wet Wash, I was wondering if, well, if you and I could, well, maybe get together and... Oh, Mr. Stafford, he's proposing marriage. Oh, but go on, Costello, speak up.  Oh, but Costello, you understand what a great undertaking that would be for the two of us. Oh, yes. But there's really nothing to it, Mrs. Wet Wash. All it takes is a wheelbarrow and a gallon of DDT. Costello, please. Oh, of course, when they grow up, they'll be a little trouble. The heck they will. We'll cut them down. Cut them down? Look, Costello, you just can't go ahead and cut them down. OK, then we'll train them to climb poles. Well, to each his own, I always say. I hope the kind we raise has plenty of warts. Plenty of warts? Costello, are you out of your mind? And I like them best when they're pickled. With you for a father, I wouldn't blame them. Me for a father? Well, yes. Aren't you talking about getting married and raising a family? No, I was talking about raising cucumbers. Oh! Mrs. Wet Wash, let me explain. You see, Costello wants to plant a garden and he thought you'd allow him to do a little digging on your ground. I'd be glad to give him a plot. Six, five, four. And after you've spayed it, Costello, throw yourself in it and I'll be glad to cover you over. Oh, and you can start planting whenever you're ready. Come on, Costello. Let's go in the seed store and buy some stuff to plant in your garden. Jeetie, got a lot of garden tools in here. Look at this funny-looking reek. I never saw one with hair on it before. Unhand me, Costello. Well, it's skinny on it. What are you doing in here, skinny? Well, I came in here to get some suspenders from a geranium. You put suspenders on geraniums? Well, sure. How else can I keep my plants from falling down? Henry, that skinny is an awful dope using suspenders to keep his plants up. Everybody knows you use a belt. Look, there's a nice plant in your garden. That's Laurel. Is it easy to raise? Of course. Laurel is hardy. Well, then I bet it... What did you say? I said Laurel is hardy. When did Laurel become hardy? Costello, Laurel has always been hardy. Henry, I've seen them in every one of their pictures and Laurel ain't hardy.  The Laurel I'm talking about grows in a big pot. That's not Laurel. The guy with a big pot is hardy. Oh, forget about it.  Where offered?  Imagine bumping into you. If we'd have known we were going to bump into you, we would have jumped out of the way. Wow, wow, what are you doing here? Oh, I stoked by to get some fluids. Fluors? Oh, sure, Henry. You know what fluids are. That's like Lulux, Hooli Hooks, and sweet pews. I've got to get...  Oh, this kid has got ozs and a plant. Well, I must be dorshing off. As we say in French, la paté n'est pas doula and la quiscasse est douille. And a hot pot of pasta was doula the kisser you took. Come on, Costello. There's a clerk coming in. Tell him what you want. Ah, gentlemen, as the mad Russian said to Eddie Cander, how do you do? What can I do for you? I'd like to get tense since we're at a cucumber season. Oh, well, as Gabby said to the Kingfish, lovely, lovely, lovely. Just follow me, right this way to the vegetable department. Our things and glaucomora is that little brook still sleeping there. What was that? Must be an Irish potato. Well, here you are, a package of cucumber seeds. Just drop them in the ground. You know, cucumbers are hardy. Yes, I know. We... Wait a minute. I thought Laurel was hardy. Oh, Laurel is hardy. Also cucumber. Now, poor Laurel is cucumber. Oh, no, no, no, young man. When I say that Laurel is hardy, I don't mean that Laurel is hardy like Laurel and hardy in the cinema. I mean that Laurel is hardy like cucumbers are hardy. And both Laurel and cucumbers are hardy. Says so right here in this catalog. How do you like that? Now they've got our routines in seed catalog.  Listen, do you have any young cucumber plants? As Margaret Truman said to her orchestra leader, follow me. Let's go in. Let's go into this greenhouse. Greenhouse? I don't see any greenhouse. That white house over there is the greenhouse.  Of course. And the little red house there is a greenhouse too. The red house is a greenhouse, certainly. And the white house is a greenhouse too? Now you got it. Well, if I got it, I caught it from you.  A greenhouse doesn't have to be green. It can be a red house or a white house and still be a greenhouse. Hailey, now you've got it. Now I got it. I don't even know what I'm talking about. Camel presents lovely Marilyn Maxwell from Metro Golden Mare, producers of It Happened in Brooklyn. And here's Marilyn to sing for Camel fans everywhere.   I ain't done nothin' to you or else just leavein' what you're doin' to me.   Break, didn't even sleep. My mind was wanderin', all I did was sing would drive a gal to drink, to drink.   You have to treat me all so blue. I ain't done nothin' to you. Temperature from hot to cold.   See if this isn't true. Try a camel on your T-zone. That's tea for taste and tea for throat. See if your taste doesn't wake up to new pleasure as it is introduced to the rich, full flavor of camels, superbly blended choice tobaccos. See if your throat doesn't welcome camel's cool mildness. See if camels don't suit your T-zone to a T. You know, a nationwide survey of cigarette preferences among doctors was recently made. Three leading independent research organizations had 113,597 doctors this question. What cigarette do you smoke, doctor? The brand named most was camel. According to a recent nationwide survey, more doctors smoke camels than any other cigarette. Well, Costello, Mrs. Wetwasher has a lot of land here. Just look, Mrs. Wetwasher's land is spread out as far as the eye can see, and so is Mrs. Wetwasher.    How could you do such a thing? What have you got to say to yourself? Oh, I'm a...  And what's more, I bet you don't know the first thing about farming. Hailey, I come from a long line of men who spent the best years of their lives on farms. Oh, farmers. No, travelers' salesmen. Come on, Costello. Let's get this planting over with. Hailey, you have no appreciation of the wonders of nature. I get out in the boiling sun, dig my fingers into the soil, plant the seed, cover it with rich topsoil, water it, watch it grow. Then one day I wake up and there it is. And it's all mine. All mine. What? Weeds. Loads of weeds. Well, make up your mind. What are you going to plant?  Then I'm going to plant another olive tree and leave the next hole empty. Then I'll plant another olive tree... ...or Costello. What's the idea of leaving empty holes between those olive trees? I've got to have some place to throw the pitch. Oh, you dope. Why don't you plant vegetables? Okay, I will. I'm going to plant tomato seeds and grow lemons. Wait a minute. When does a tomato turn out to be a lemon? As soon as you marry her. Attention, everyone. The last joke was 100 years old today. Happy birthday to you. Happy birthday to you. Alright, cut it out, Costello. Cut it out, Costello. I will do you again. Listen, why don't you plant some fruit trees? Okay, Harry. I'll plant some orange trees. I'll put the seeds in right now. Now for some more orange seeds. What was that? A naval orange. Come on, finish your digging so we can plant the rest of these seeds. Okay, Harry. Wait a minute. Look what I found. Bones. Look at all these bones. They must be a part of a skeleton. Come on, Harry. Let's get out of here. They're ghosts. Wait a minute. A skeleton is not a ghost? Oh, yes it is. A skeleton is a ghost that's waiting for a sheet to come back from the laundry. Come on, Harry. Look at this metal tag. I just stuck it up. Read what it says. Herman Wetwash. Uh-oh. Costello, this looks suspicious. Do you suppose Mrs. Wetwash murdered her husband? Why would Mrs. Wetwash murder her husband? Well, he had a lot of money. No, there must be another reason. Yes, he had a lot of money. That's the reason. Oh, here comes that murderous Mrs. Wetwash. Let's get out of here, Hanley, before she kills us.  Come on. I wonder why those boys ran off so fast. Why look what they've done to my garden. Herman. Herman. Yes. Herman, those naughty men dug up all the bones you buried. Oh, those rats. Now you'll have to bury them all over again. But Herman, where's your dog tag? No.  That's the third tag you've lost this month. What have you got to say to yourself? I'm a bad... Well, here we are, Costello. Yeah. Let's go to the detective agency. Let's go in. Okay. You coy soma detective. You ingrate.  I'll never forgive you. You ruin me. I'll get even. I'll get revenge if it's the last thing I do. Mr. Detective, what's the matter with him? His wife was missing and he hired me to find her. What's she so angry about? I found her. Well, gentlemen, what can I do for you? We came to report a murder. Oh, I see. I brought the murderer with you. Just a minute. I didn't commit any crime. Oh, no. No. Where were you on the night of May 5th, 1949? 1949? That's two years from now. A pretty weak alibi. Say, Costello, I could use a bride boy like you in this office. I've got a client that's a beautiful blonde, 19 years old, blue eyes, and a gorgeous figure. What is it worth for you to watch her day and night? The most I could give you is $80 on my new car. Come on, Costello. Let's get out of here. We'll sell this case ourselves. Herman, get in the house with those bones. You'll come saffered in Costello. I'll take care of them for digging up your bones. If you don't, I will. Now, don't accuse her outright, Costello. Murder's a serious charge. Be subtle. Where the wit wash? I want to talk to you. And I want to talk to you. Digging in my yard and leading poor Herman's bones scattered around. Well, you certainly disturbed the appearance of the garden. That's nothing to the way you disturbed the appearance of poor Herman. Mrs. Wattwash, why did you bury Herman's bones in your garden? Well, I didn't bury Herman's bones. Herman carried them there and buried them himself. That I would like to have seen. Mrs. Wattwash, may I ask you a question? Certainly. How did poor Herman spend his last few hours? Chasing cats. You see, Henley, even on his death bed he tried to get away from her. Death bed? What are you talking about?  Oh, my husband Herman. He was lost to sea. Well, it must have been a pretty high tide because his bones washed up in your backyard. Oh, those bones. Do you deny that these bones belong to Herman Wattwash? Certainly not. But you see, there are two Herman Wattwashes. Herman Wattwash the dog and Herman Wattwash my husband. You see, I fell in love with Herman. The minute I felt his cold nose and sloppy ears. Your husband? No, the dog. You see, I buried Herman twenty years ago in San Francisco. The dog? No, my husband. But Mrs. Wattwash, how do you explain the bones Castello dug up? The Herman be quiet, be quiet. Now, Castello, when you found Herman Wattwash's bones you didn't find the bones of Herman Wattwash. The bones you found were Herman Wattwash's bones but they were not the bones of Herman Wattwash. Oh, now I've got it. Now he's got it. He don't even know what he's talking about. Get me out of here, Hailey. Our routine's not going to the dogs. Hanley Safford and Luke Costello will be back in just a moment for Camel Cigarette. During the war, the makers of Camel Cigarette sent a total of more than 150 million free camels to our fighting men overseas. Now free camels are sent to Servicemen's hospitals instead. This week the camels go to Veterans Hospital Phoenix, Arizona, U.S. Army Walter Reed General Hospital, Washington, D.C., U.S. Naval Hospital Key West, Florida, U.S. Marine Hospital, Fort Worth, Texas, and Veterans Hospital, Jackson, Mississippi. Camel broadcasts go out to the United States three times a week. Our rebroadcasts to practically every area in the world where our men are still stationed and to our good neighbors in Central and South America. And now back to Hanley Safford and Luke Costello. Well, Costello, next Thursday is Marilyn Maxwell's birthday. Yes, Hanley. And if I had some money, I'd buy her a beautiful present. All right, next week I'll help you invest your money in the stock market. You know my father has a seat on the curb. Yes, I know. I see him sitting there every day with his feet dangling in the gutter. Oh, Costello, you're impossible. Good night, folks. Good night, everybody. Good night. Listen to Abbott and Costello next Thursday when they're due their new routine on stocks and bonds. Oh, Mr. Roy, that's stocks and bonds. Why, why do you always make these mistakes? Oh, I'm a bad announcer. Mr. Pipesmoker, is your pipe just a pipe or is it packed with pipe appeal? A pipe has pipe appeal when it's packed with Prince Albert say happy pipe smokers everywhere. Yes, with Prince Albert you get rich, full flavor and cool mildness, too. Prince Albert is specially treated to ensure against tongue bite.  Try Prince Albert. More pipe smoke PA than any other tobacco. Saturday night here Prince Albert's Grand Ole Opry on NBC. Here American Folk Songs has only read Foley Singism. Laugh with a duke-a-pa-duke and mini-pearl. Remember, at Saturday night on NBC for Grand Ole Opry. Be sure to tune in next week for another great Abbott and Costello show brought to you by Camel Cigarette. And remember, experience is the best teacher. Try a camel.  C-A-M-E-L-S. The American Red Cross is important in peace as it is in war. Disasters of fire, flood and accident, no, no season or time. When they occur the Red Cross takes care of the victim. That is why the American Red Cross needs $60 million from contributions this year. That is why you are asked to give us generously as ever this year because your contribution is needed as much as ever. Abbott and Costello will soon be seen in the new Universal International Picture Buck Privates come home. Thanks to Hanley Stafford for a fine job of pinch-hitting for Bud Abbott who will be back with us next Thursday night. This is Michael Roy in Hollywood wishing you all a pleasant good night for Camel. Stay tuned now for the Eddie Catterton show.


Good morning, and thank you all for being here. This spring, Vermont will join states across the country to participate in the U.S. Census. Now this may not seem like the most exciting topic, but the consensus has tremendous importance to Vermont. And we've already begun work across the state to get a complete and accurate count. In fact, the census even came up in conversations with other governors while it was there in D.C. for the National Governance Association meeting last week, as well as when Speaker Pelosi spoke to us as well. So I'm pleased to have so many of our state, local, and federal partners here with us today to talk about this effort. Having a complete and accurate count on our population is critical in so many ways. It ensures fair representation of Vermonters at all levels of government and helps us to inform us on many important decisions we make, including the level of federal funds we receive. These decisions impact our work to grow the economy, make Vermont more affordable, and protect the most vulnerable in all of our 251 towns and villages. To help get the most accurate count possible, I signed an executive order in November, creating a Vermont Complete Count Committee. And many of the members who agreed to help are here with us today. We know this will take the collaboration of community leaders, nonprofit organizations, local government, legislative leaders, federal partners, and more. And this committee is working to make sure that we meet our goals. Jason Broden, our state librarian and chair of this committee, will share more on their work shortly, but in summary, this group is charged with identifying barriers to responding to the census. And trying to break through those barriers so we have the highest participation possible. This includes partnering with schools and nonprofits, ensuring outreach in multiple languages, media and education campaigns, and more. And knowing certain groups are historically hard to count, this committee includes leaders and experts representing these communities in order to better reach them. I want to thank Jason and all members of this committee, including Secretary Kondos and representatives from the U.S. Census Bureau, the Vermont State Census Data Center, the Office of Entrance Affairs, the Howard Center, Disability Rights, Vermont, the LGBTQIA Alliance of Vermont, Capstone Community Action, Association of Broadcasters, Vermont League of Cities and Towns, Vermont AARP, Voice for Vermont's Kids, and state agencies across my administration. So with all that, I'd like to now turn it over to Secretary of State Jim Kondos. Thank you. Olia, you all sat over there. Just making sure. Good morning. As Vermont Secretary of State and Chief Election Official, I am a proud member of the Vermont Complete Counts Committee. It is also important and personal for me as a second generation American, as my grandparents arrived on our shores in the U.S. 100 years ago. I want to stress the importance of the census and the importance of obtaining an accurate and complete count of all Vermonters. While a once every 10-year count of every person living in our cities and towns seems abstract, the census plays a fundamental role in our democratic process. Data from the census is critical to drawing our electoral maps. Yes, I know, when it comes to Vermont's congressional map, there's really only one way to draw it. However, the accurate census data enables the Vermont Apportionment Board to accomplish its important task of configuring our legislative districts. From an election standpoint, an inaccurate and complete census count really comes down to ensuring fair representation, as the governor said. In our political process for every single Vermont resident. For those of you who don't know me well, I have over 30 years of experience as a public servant. 18 years on the South Brooklyn City Council beginning back in 1989. To my eight years in the state senate serving with the governor, and now nearly for a decade as secretary of state. I cannot emphasize how important census data is to the basic functions of our local state and federal government. It's the primary tool for Congress and for other federal agencies to use while making funding decisions that impact all of our citizens, our schools, our roads, and highways. Examples, my colleagues and I were successful in securing recently, securing election security funding from Congress in both 2018 and 2019. With the support and leadership of the Vermont congressional delegation. Namely, Vermont Senator Patrick Leahy. Vermont's funding allocation was determined in part using critical census population data. I can also tell you from firsthand experience that census data is used by our city councils to select boards and school boards to make decisions that shape their communities in big ways and small ways. The census plays a fundamental role in our democracy. While there are some who have sought to wrap or the census process for political or personal gain. I am thankful that is not the case here in Vermont. During my time in public service, I have served in a number of national roles. I served on the board of directors of the National League of Cities. The board of directors of the Council of State Governments and most recently as the president of the National Association of Secretaries of State. In those capacities, I have seen how other states handle their support for the census and have gained the national perspective. I can tell you that Vermont is ahead of the game and that is why I'm so proud to be part of this important work. I want to thank everyone who was here for helping ensure a complete and accurate count. And thank the governor for convening this important committee. It is now my pleasure and honor to introduce Jason Broughton, State Librarian and the chair of the Complete Count Committee. Good morning, everyone. All right, I'm going to use some technology here. I'm moving from print to digital. And the reason why I say that is for those who are paying attention and aware, you might not know that the census will be virtual for the first time ever. So you will be able to use that digitally. You can use it on your own device or seek places where there are public, let's say, computers. And that's why libraries, and my other capacity as state librarian, will be utilized hopefully quite frequently for those who are monitors out in rural and remote places. It's going to be a very different type of census in which you don't have, for example, a type of card that will be sent to you first with a code. That's gone. You simply will log on and take it as you need. But there is a sequence of events that we want to make sure under the executive order that we are very inclusive, extremely accurate, and want to make sure that every Vermonter is counted accurately. So what would a company look at hard to count populations? Excuse me. You'll be looking for a variety of people, rural areas, remote areas, isolated youth, transient populations, migrants, people of color, those who are disabled. All of these persons in this state should be counted on that specific day. That day will be April 1st. Yes, it will be April Fool's as a social commentary, but the census will not be fake. It will not be a joke. But then we're going to make sure that people understand beforehand and afterwards the importance of participating. One of our hardest groups to actually connect with will be those who distrust government. That is a very unique conversation that we will have to have with a variety of people. We have had unique questions of how many questions can you leave off and it still be counted or accurate. We will not encourage that type of thinking. We're going to ask people to fill out simply nine questions. And we have a variety of partners that we connect with our local complete counts, from the south to the north, to the east and the west of the state, especially of central Vermont. One asset that I would ask you to check out if you have some time, would be on the census webpage in which you can actually examine the state of Vermont to see where there are locations of very low response rates. Some of those tracks are not far from here, near Barry, where I reside. You might not think that, but that means some people are saying this is not that important. For us, it is. This is funding that could be appropriated back to Vermont and utilize in a very specific way at the most useful of times, from emergencies to planning commission to boards. Without doing that, we would be hobbled. So with that, libraries will play a very unique role in helping shape a variety of access points for people to play if they are not able to have good connections or connectivity. In closing, one of the things that I would like to say is I simply will ask all of you to make sure that you make yourselves available to answer nine simple questions while living in Vermont on April 1st and thereafter. Thank you. With that, I will now introduce Michael Moser of the UVM Vermont data center. Thanks. Good morning, everyone. So Jason and I are on the statewide Complete Count Commission and we're really excited to be doing this work, this outreach work, the Complete Count Commission. It has already met a couple of times. We've got essentially a network. We're developing a network across the state of Vermont. Advocacy organizations, state agencies and departments, and really reaching out through those networks and reaching into their networks as well to distribute the messages that we have about the Census Bureau to the state's diverse populations and including all of those hard to count populations that have been mentioned. So we're really out there meeting with regional planning commissions, meeting with other Complete Count Commissions that are local to different cities and towns across the state of Vermont and coordinating our efforts with them. We're sharing some of the messages about safety and security of the census, sharing the message of the simplicity and ease of the questions and the form. And really trying to ensure that Vermonters have the best information possible to respond to the census beginning actually mid March is when they will start sending mailings out to addresses across the country, including here in the state. And folks will be receiving a postcard in the mail that they will be able to go online with and just follow a simple web link and take five minutes or less really to answer the form and be counted. And that's really what we're hoping that folks will do. It helps save taxpayer money if folks can do that online and not have to be visited eventually by an enumerator who will come to doors of households that haven't responded so far. So we're out there doing that work and we really appreciate the governor's efforts on our behalf, on this behalf. And we hope that as we move forward, the word gets out there among all of Vermont's communities, regardless of citizenship status, regardless of your socio-demographic status, none of those things matter. What matters is that you're counted as a Vermonter. And so with that, I'd like to turn it over to Michael Harrington, who is the commissioner of the Department of Labor. Thanks. Thank you. Thank you. As a member of Vermont's Complete Count Committee, the Department of Labor is committed to the goal of generating an accurate and comprehensive count of Vermont's population during the 2020 census. Ensuring a complete count will have a major impact on the department, as well as the state as a whole. Data points published by the department, such as our state's monthly jobs report and local employment data, as well as analysis performed by the department's labor market information division are all derived from the census population data. Plainly, the more accurate the census, the more true our data is. This, in turn, drives decisions like policies to adopt or programs to fund or where to invest our money. For example, when we talk about refugee resettlement and new American incentive programs, that is based on census information. When we talk about equal pay and economic equality, that is based on census data. When we talk about tax relief, that is based on census data. These are just a few examples to illustrate the importance of having a complete count. More specifically, census data has a direct impact on how the federal government funds a variety of state programs, including the Department of Labor, and which communities are eligible for special federal assistance. At the local level, this can translate into downtown redevelopment opportunities, available financing for businesses and accessibility of services and benefits. There are still a large number of census jobs needed to be filled across the state, so whether your goal is to simply do your part and support your local community, or maybe earn a little extra cash, I encourage everyone who's interested to apply to be a census taker. For those who are interested, there are many ways to apply, one of which is by visiting one of our 12 career resource centers across the state, where our staff have been working with the US Census Bureau now for more than a year to assist in filling these vacant positions. In addition, the Department of Labor and the State of Vermont's Department of Human Resources are looking at ways to look within state government to encourage state employees seeking additional part-time employment to consider this important role. As we encourage state employees to take part in this historic event and support their local communities, I would also like to encourage Vermont employers to encourage their employees to also take part in this opportunity. Through these joint efforts, the 2020 Census can prove to be a success for Vermont. Thank you, and now I'd like to invite Bob Stock from the Regional Census Center to say a few words. Thank you. Thank you. I'd like to thank everyone here today, Governor, the leaders in the community, the trusted voices that are here to help us shape your future, the Vermont future, through the 2020 Census. By the way, although I do work for the New York Regional Census Center, I am a Vermonter, I have lived here for 36 years now, so I'm vitally interested in making sure that we get a complete count and an accurate count. And my message is simple, the Census is now as our responses can be collected in less than a month. A successful Census is easy to define, counting everybody once, only once, and in the right place. But first, we have jobs, as Commissioner Harrington mentioned and others have mentioned. Although the Census is a national event, in order to be successful, it first has to be conducted at the local level, with local workers who understand and represent their community. I can tell you that we're currently hiring at a pay rate of $20 to $22 an hour. These are great part-time jobs, they're flexible hours, you can work in your own neighborhood, work evenings and weekends, and you will be helping your community. It's easy enough to apply, it's on the 2020census.gov jobs website. It doesn't take very long. Second, we need Census ambassadors. We need trusted voices in every community, sharing the message that the Census is safe. It is easy, and it is important. We do, as the Governor mentioned, and others, that we do have the State Complete Count Commission. In addition to that, we have over 20 individual Complete Count Committees working within Vermont. These are, some of them are town and city-based, some of them are more county-based. And they are bringing these trusted members of the community to get the message out about both the importance of the Census and the jobs. We have over 600 partners in Vermont, active, that we're working with. All your responses, in addition to that, we need to share the message that the Census is safe, it's easy, and it is important. All your responses are private and confidential, it's safe. Title 13, which every Census employee works under, it's federal law and it protects every piece of data we collect. That means we cannot release any information that identifies an individual or a household, period. We cannot share any information we collect that would identify an individual or a household with any federal, state, or local agency, including law enforcement. So be assured, the Census is safe. And the Census is easy, as others have mentioned. There are four ways to fill out your form and self-respond. Online for the first time, as well as by phone. And for the first time, the Census will be available in 12 non-English languages. These are toll-free numbers, by the way, on telephone. And each one of these has its own unique, individual toll-free number, and it is answered by a live person, there's no voice prompt. In addition, if you prefer to fill it out by paper, you'll have that option as well. And finally, the most costly operation we do in the Census is sending Census takers door-to-door to collect the very information that you can complete online over the phone or on paper. So the Census is easy. And again, as others have alluded to, it's important. Think money. More than $675 billion from the federal government funding vital programs like Medicaid, SNAP, Section 8 housing, Medicare Part B assistance, foods on and on and on, school lunch. And think power. Legislative boundaries and congressional seats at stake. Yes, it's important. But I think one of the most important things to remember is this is your Census. We get one chance every 10 years to get it right. And I'm confident that by working together, we can achieve the most complete and accurate count possible for Vermont. Thank you. Go ahead. Thank you. Well, now, I'll open it up to any on-topic questions first. Is this normal? Well, the most recent news report of the Census was the fight over the citizenship question. And for those who are undocumented, can you just address where that stands? Look at Bob first. The citizenship question is not on the Census. That was decided, I believe, last spring or summer by the United States Supreme Court. Are you concerned particularly about new Americans, others who might be scared away? It is a concern. That is why we have partners that work within that community to make sure that those folks understand that the Census is both important and it is safe. Can you clarify that April 1st, that is the date by which what happens? The official start of the Census. It starts. But you will receive mailers and different items days to weeks prior to that. For example, Alaska has already, in a sense, started because it's in a different zone specifically. But within that, you have a lot of announcement prior to mailers, informational items on online. And then on April 1st, the Census will roll out. And it concludes when? You said it concludes. On that, I would say more or less around September into late October. And then the actual ending in winddown will complete by the end of 2020. And finally, the GAO, the Michigan Court yesterday, said that it raised a lot of red flags about the Census and about security, gay security, as well as big challenges with recruiting across the country. Does that all translate here as well? Let's say for a moment when it comes to that, the Census has, in a sense, allowed us to know that the type of systems that they are using are going to be extremely protective of confidential information that is demographic or can pinpoint somebody. The most, I would say, we'd want to be aware is how those other systems, for example, if you are web-based, you're going to be fine using the Census. But if somebody in their own internal home or, let's say, business is not secure themselves, that's a different type of conversation with that entity. But for confidential data by, let's say, statutes of the federal government, it is important that this information not be breached, compromised in any way. So the Census has, I would say, assured us in a variety of different ways that it is a strong system and they are very supportive of how it will actually interplay the rest of the year. As well, Stuart did receive a phone call from someone on the federal level about the number of Census takers. And they said that we're short about 1,000 in Vermont and they're struggling to find people as we are with everything else in our state. We have more jobs and we have people available and this is going to be a struggle for us as well, but that's why we wanted to emphasize that this is part-time in nature, pays $20 to $22 an hour, can do it nights and weekends. And this could be, it could be students over 18, I believe. And as well, those who are retired or some are retired and need some extra cash for a short period of time. Apart from this event, do you have other times to sort of market that, Nate? I don't know what you talked about, Jason, but we're committed to a hierarchy and we kind of come up with a bit. One of the things that we are doing from the complete committee for the state, we have connected with a variety of different partners. So for example, being a state librarian, some of our libraries want to actually have hiring events. Department of Labor will also be doing a variety of things. Capstone will have a variety of community action items across the state that they're looking to do hiring events or make computers or information accessible at those points so people are aware that there are jobs that they can partake in. So we have a lot of people who are trying to like, as many people know, that there is employment if they would like to have it when it comes to the census. I'll just say that I think we'll see a more concerted effort just even from the Census Bureau itself as we ramp up to make people aware. From the jobs perspective, we are reaching out to local communities. We are working through our regional career resource centers. We are using a variety of different means like social media to get the word out there. But I think that's where we would ask each of you to help us in getting the message out that there are positions available. So if there are people, whether they need extra cash or they are looking for work, there are positions available and we're happy to help them. And they can do that directly online from home or they can go to the libraries or even come into one of our resource centers and we'll assist them to fill out an application. What are the consequences of human men hiring if people do the job or part-time job to process? Or what is it? With that, I'll let Bob come and talk about that thoroughly because these are positions for a government. Pardon me. These are part-time jobs. Most of them will end approximately July 30th. However, at this point, if you're working for the United States Census Bureau, you have the federal government on your resume. And you do have the opportunity, of course, on the USA job site to see if there's something that's there of interest to you. But most of the jobs, as I say, are temporary and would end July 30th. There are a few that might extend a little bit longer. I think, and I believe you were asking what happens if we don't complete by July 30th, right? Not filling those 1,000 jobs. Yeah, and our goal is to make sure that we do that count and if we run into difficulties at that point in time, we'll probably be taking extra measures of some sort to be contemplated. Is that all the on-topic? Was there a particular trigger? You set up this commission in November. The census is still six weeks away-ish. There are particular reasons you're doing this even now. Well, I think it's, from my standpoint, a couple of reasons. One, just to make sure that, for monitors, they're acclimated and understanding what's coming and how important this is. But as well, the struggles we have with finding people to fill these positions needs a little bit of lead time. So we want to make sure we get out to as many people as possible to let them know that there's something here for you. So it's really about more of a public service campaign and something that I think is vitally important to the state. Can you just clarify? What message are you sending to undocumented people who are in this country? Yeah. What message do you want to send I want to make sure that they understand that they're safe, that this information will not be used against them. This will help our state. But again, I just want them to have comfort that we're not going to utilize this, that the government's not going to utilize this information for anything else. But we need to count everyone here. And it won't be shared with law enforcement. It will not be shared with law enforcement or any other entities. It's just for the census itself. Despite the problems we've had at the DMV. Despite those issues at the DMV. This is totally separate. You probably have friends and neighbors who are sort of suspicious of government by nature. And we probably have more than a share of those people in Vermont. We talk about new American communities, but that's a sizable component of Vermont as well. Yeah, absolutely. They don't trust their government and we have to do everything we can to convince them otherwise. This is a struggle. I'm sure it's a struggle every 10 years.  But it seems as though, with the number of those suspicious for different reasons grows, this is going to be more of a challenge for us. But again, that's why we have to make sure that we get the message out and give them comfort, that we're actually here to help in some respects. And it'll help all of us in the long run. I could add something to it. You know, the folks that are suspicious of their government, this is really about getting counted so that their taxpayer dollars come back to our state. So it's a way to take that power back and keep it for themselves and keep it local here in the state. And I think that's a message that might resonate with some folks that would otherwise not be interested in having the federal government involved in their daily lives. Anyone else? Any other questions on the topic? All right, thank you very much. Appreciate it. The Senate's about to try to override your kingdom of weight. The Senate leaders have matched seven minutes to keep up your administration to be uniquely unwilling to work on compromises, but specifically to the minimum wage bill. What are your thoughts on that? Well, this was a compromise that the Senate and the House came up with. We weren't at the table, so to speak. And so they came up with their agreement and it's not acceptable to me. That's why I decided to veto it. I have no doubt that it'll be overridden in the Senate. It appears the numbers are on their side, so then we'll see what happens in the other body. Was there any compromise to be found on the minimum wage? Well, you never know. I mean, hopefully, if it's sustained, we'll see what happens. But from my standpoint, I've said this consistently over the last number of years that I just don't believe artificially raising the minimum wage is going to help anyone. And I just feel that it will hurt the economy overall, particularly the rural parts of our state, and I'm concerned about that. So how come you raise minimum wage without artificially raising minimum wage? It may sound like there is a compromise to your mind. Well, again, we can focus on growing the economy and the wages will raise by that growth. And I think that we've seen that and I believe that we need to do more of it. I mean, this money just doesn't come out of nowhere. I mean, if you take, use whatever math you want, I've seen some, I think the pro tem invention, a number that doesn't seem to add up to me, but if you use this number, you're talking about $200 million. It comes out of somewhere. It comes out of the economy. Somebody has to pay for it. So we're fragile in this state. And particularly when you go up in the Northeast Kingdom, all along the Connecticut River quarter, Eastern parts of our state, all parts of our state outside of Burlington. And as I said before, even New York realized that they did it in zones, four zones, because they recognized that they were different parts of the state that more susceptible to economic burden. With minimum wage that you could have spent two months at the table with Democrat political leaders, nothing to compromise on this particular issue. Well, again, I think that what I've said is New York took it upon themselves and had regions, different economic regions. I'm more than willing to talk about it, but I think there was a, and maybe not in this conversation, but two years ago, I believe that there was an amendment on the floor in the Senate to just carve out one region, the Northwest area of our state around the Burlington area, and they could absorb it much easier than the Northeast Kingdom. So maybe that's where we should start. I'll tell you that you'll be in the, when it comes to the house, that you'll be able to sustain them. I think it's gonna be very, very close in the house. It could go either way. You're feeling about that hasn't changed because of the paid family leave, which would seem like an easier lift for house leadership than the minimum wage. Well, it may be because of it. I think that there's, politics will take place for those who voted against increase in the minimum wage on the other side of the aisle. I'm sure there's incredible pressure on them to try and override my veto, regardless of how they feel about, regardless of how their constituents might feel. So we'll just have to wait and see. What message to the 40,000 who will be denied to take part of the pay-care contest for veto? Well, again, I believe that we have in place that the wages are going to increase when I was in the Senate those 12 years ago. And we had this conversation. We had this debate on the floor of the Senate. And I was convinced to vote for an increase in the minimum wage and to tie it to the cost of living increase every single year. And we've done that. So it's not as though there's not increases coming to those who are making minimum wage. But I would say if we can help in any way, we have a lot of jobs available. If we can help with training, trying to give them a lift up to some of those higher paying jobs, we want to help in that regard. I think all of us have the common goal of supporting Vermonters, having them be able to keep more of what they earn, keep more in their pocket. But we have a different pathway to getting there. And one of the ways we could do that is not putting any more burden on them either from a tax standpoint. In your recent comments on climate issues, you've talked about the fact that your administration has taken a proactive stance and has tried to pursue action while the legislature is even more focused on taxation and deadlines and things like that. Could you expand on that a little bit? Yeah, I mean, I think what we did last year, I proposed last year, the last session, of what I'm proposing this year, it's actually action items, whether it's with incentives for EVs or infrastructure or trying to bring more focus on some of the energy storage, which I think is essential as we move forward. So we're actually doing something about it. And what I'm seeing is a pattern of how are we going to pay for something and we don't even know how much it's going to cost and there's very few action items that I'm seeing. So I'm trying to shift the debate. Like if you don't believe we're doing enough, then let's have that debate and let's prioritize. Maybe it means putting more money into EV incentives or more into infrastructure or whatever it is that we're promoting or weatherization. For instance, we put a lot of money into weatherization every single year. But if we're not doing enough, let's have that debate and let's actually do something about it and let's prioritize, and it may mean that we have to not do something in another area, but let's live within our means and prioritize the areas that we have common interests. Which is the other side of that is living within our means, you're against raising the pool of revenue in any way to allow us to do more. You do prioritize. As we talked about, there's a couple of different ways to have Vermonters keep more of what they earn. One way is not to burden them with any more taxes. So I'm saying, let's live within, we're already a very high tax state. Many Vermonters are feeling the burden of some of the actions we've taken in this building. Let's live within that, though, those parameters.  What is it that you actually need and what do you want and differentiate between the two? And you sometimes have to make difficult decisions. And I'm saying, we may have to make a difficult decision here and prioritize those areas. For instance, I said, if we have a surplus at the end of the year, let's take part of that and put it towards climate change initiatives, things that will help. And I would say the focus might be weatherization. And if we took 25% of that surplus and did that, and if you compare it, you know, if it was a year like last year, that'd be $10 million more that we could spend for weatherization that would help Vermonters. Do you think the legislature has not come to the table to discuss concrete plans as your specialization? We're still in the midst of the session. I'm hopeful that we can find areas of common agreement. And then maybe we'll shift to some of this focus. I think they've come a long ways in some of the bills that I've seen. And we're willing to do more to make sure that we arrive at a place that we can both agree to and make sure that we focus on the areas that will benefit Vermont. There does seem to be a backing away from the short and medium term goals that Vermont has set for itself. Are you focused pretty much solely on the 90 by 2050 and less concerned with the like 20, 28, 20, 30, 20, whatever? Yeah, I think I tried to explain this in previous press conferences. I believe the trajectory is a little bit different because of technology changes and acceptance and behavior changes and so forth. So putting an artificial goal in place by a certain date that isn't attainable doesn't help us and it opens us up to all kinds of liability. I'm just saying let's agree to a long-term goal. Maybe there's a midterm that we can agree to and then let's move from there. Let's assess what we're doing now and let's see what we can do, how much this is going to cost and how we're going to get there like we did with water quality and I think that we should learn from that experience and it took, admittedly, it took a lawsuit for us to get to that point but let's learn from that and let's not have the lawsuit. Let's actually do something about it. You talk about setting goals for the state already have goals that it was on track and missing terribly and are the reason and this is the reason for the Global Formal Solutions Act is to say you can't just set goals if it has to be mandatory. Your administration talked about letting that kid in in like 2050, why? Well, I don't think that's completely accurate. I mean, we're not trying to push it off completely till 2050. But not to have the sort of mandatory and mandatory. As I just described, let's figure out where we want to get to. Maybe there's a midterm point that we can agree to and goals are important but I don't want to open up us to a lawsuit that will just slow down the progress of whatever we're trying to do. But what makes you think that setting goals now would be any more without some sort of additional enforcing mechanism would be any more sort of effective than the goals were set that are set years ago? Because again, I think we're taking concrete action is the most important thing. And if we just are debating about arbitrary type goals that doesn't get us to where we want to go. And I'm saying let's focus on action. Let's actually do something about it. Peter, is there anything else you want to add? You've been part of the conversation. Thanks, Governor. I think there's a couple of clarification points. We're not changing any of the proposed goals. We're not changing any of the desire to make those requirements. What we're saying is that we need to have a plan in place and figure out what that's going to cost and work towards that plan. And instead of having litigation be the trigger that makes us do that work, let's make sure that we're all agreeing we're gonna do that work and prioritize that. And in the languages that we propose, they're actually, instead of litigation triggers, there's automatic triggers to reopen that work. Say, what are we doing to fill the gap that we missed it by if we miss it, right? That's, let's short circuit that step and get right back to work and figure out what we need to, what dials we need to turn in order to make sure we make that progress. That's just a different form of approach that gets rid of the hook of litigation and gets us to actually getting to work and shortens that timeline. So what is it about those triggers that would actually force the future administration starting to meet the targets that have been set? What were the certain barriers and six certain events? Sure, there are timelines associated with updating the plans and then putting it, getting to work on implementing those plans. And so, happy to talk with you more about it, but ultimately that's what we need to do. If we don't make a target, or if we don't make the requirement of whatever we're gonna call it, then we need to figure out what changes we need to make. That may be regulatory changes that's proposed in the current bill. It may be different incentives. We need to align with the current technology and make sure that we're pulling the levers that need to be pulled. And so that's ultimately what the plan needs to look at. And so if we reopen the plan and get to work on updating the plan and then get to work on implementing, that's the thing that will actually get us there. And as well, I think assessing, and again, the House has come a long ways in their proposal, assessing what we're doing now is important and valuable because maybe we're spending a lot of money in the wrong areas. Maybe we should be focusing on areas that give us the best return. And whether, again, we spend, I think it's up to $12 million in the Agency of Human Services for weatherization. I know efficiency Vermont spends a lot more money. I think all told, we spend $35 to $40 million on weatherization every single year. But if we're not doing that effectively and efficiently, maybe we should do more in that area. Maybe we're doing something else in another area that isn't giving us the best return on our hard earned tax payer dollars. With water quality, it was important, I think, to come up with, it's going to cost us a billion dollars, estimated. And we were able to figure out that's going to be $50 million a year over the next 20 years. So we came to that conclusion. And that's what I think we ought to do here so that we don't just set an arbitrary goal and have no idea who's going to pay for, how it's going to be paid for, and just open us up to all kinds of liability. I don't think any of us should be off the hook on this. Not future legislators, not future administrations. Let's deal with this now and actually put something into action. To be fair to arbitrary goals, the Vermont's goals were set by looking at the IPCC's recommendations for limiting the impact of climate change. So they aren't really arbitrary, they are based on something. Well, again, I think behavior change is going to be half of our emissions right now. I think we all know are related to transportation. And what is it we're going to do to shift in that area? We do relatively well in terms of electrification, in terms of power, about half of our emissions. But with Hydro-Quebec and others, we do pretty well. So we have that other 50% to take care of. And so how do we shift what we drive and how we do that? And I would say it's through incentives, the behavior change, trying to get to more competition. I think there's all kinds of ways of doing it that we put into place. And if that's not enough, let's talk about what it is that it would take to get there. And so, again, I think we're focusing on the wrong areas and putting more of the burden on future legislatures and administration far beyond any of us there who are debating it today. Do you think you're getting a bad rap on climate issues? No, it's all fair. It's okay. I think that the climate change is real. We have to do everything we can. We just have to be realistic about it. And just to set a goal and then just wipe our hands and say, we've done our job, isn't good enough. I think you have to put some action into place. There's a proposal in the building to prohibit them from schools, from flying. Anything other than the national and state flag. I guess it's focused on the comforts rather than the Black Lives Matter movement. Is that the proposal that will meet what you're talking about? Yeah, at first, I've heard of it, actually, but I think it's a local control type of issue. I think you should be able to fly whatever flag you want. You're not, you're not a problem here at the new fix. I don't believe so. No. Your administration has signed a five-year contract for blockchain to use as a safe host. I think blockchain is the future. I think that using this technology to make sure that we protect and track the use of this, I think it protects everyone. So I think it's just a good use of this new technology and I think it can be utilized in other areas as well. You know how much the state's spending on the project? I don't, I do not. Is it something you'd like to see expanded to other agricultural fields? Why does that happen? I don't know if it's just agriculture. I think it's just the concept of blockchain technology could be utilized for almost anything. I think about it in terms of some of, like motor vehicle with proof of origin and so forth. They wait a long periods of time to get their title and maybe with this technology, maybe we could utilize it to get, to be able to make sure these transactions happen quicker when you're trying to pay off a mortgage company or so forth. I think that that's the part that I think is exciting about the future in terms of blockchain. But it could be used in other areas as well. I don't know enough about it. I don't think any of us would do unless you do, but I think it's something that we should explore. Explain blockchain in 25 minutes. That's right. The Governor of the Super Tuesday is coming up and the Monk's partner. I'm wondering if you can share with us who you might be backing. Well, I suffice it to say, I think I've said enough last week to give you an idea of who I probably won't be supporting. Governor Weld is someone who is on the ticket. I've met with him before. I think a lot of him and his platform, so I would be supporting him.  I'm not sure. Yeah, I have no idea. So the tax regulations continue to move along. I think everybody here knows your concerns by now, but some of the recent changes to the bill even paying attention to those in the outside, do you have any thoughts? I haven't paid a lot of attention to the bill other than my three conditions. And I've said, if they meet my conditions that I have, it's pretty simple, that I would, I'm not at no, I'm at yes if. Yeah, do you have any thoughts about those and other new directions at this point? It's, I don't think, I don't believe it's a lot of money. So we shouldn't count on that for solving all of our problems here in Vermont, our financial problems. But again, I've said before, I think the after-school program could be one area that it could be utilized in. The VSEA, they're rolling out their own plan. I don't know if you've seen it, but for the replacement of Woodside, there's two potential plans like a no-reject facility. I wonder if you've seen the plans yet from Steve Howard and what you think of them. I haven't personally, but we're still planning forging ahead the closure from my point of view. What will happen July 1? You know when we can see the RFPs? RFPs for closure. Or for the company or the organization that will eventually provide the space. Yeah, we're working that out. We're, we have a plan in place. We're looking for other opportunities as well. Okay. A lot of the thing tomorrow is a special day for lots of many women around the country. And I'm sure Vermont 50 are, and we want to share with us what we're planning, so. So, if I told you, Stuart, it wouldn't be a surprise, then let it. You won't tell. Yeah, you'd never. I just want to make sure you get it right. Thank you.  Are you going to win your wallet? I usually do. Within the constraints of available, fine. Within the parameters of my wallet. I am not going to extend beyond that. Thank you very much for coming in.


Video Friday with Aunt Reza. Why don't we use that hashtag together, everyone? Hashtag our new space. So today, we're moving into our new space. We have a place to put stuff. A big place to put stuff? And we can have a big new art studio, and a big new wood shop, and film sets. And what else do we have here? Showers. We can have showers here. Shower here. Shower here. And all, and much, much more. So stay tuned. Oh, so that's why we're not doing video Friday, because we're so busy moving stuff. So the tip is, if you're lifting resin, just lift it like this, like with your back straight. And use your legs to push up. This kind of thing. Video Friday with Aunt Reza. See you next Friday. Video Friday with Aunt Reza. I think that's over.


This research has developed a new method for creating metastable noble metal nanocrystals, which can be used to improve the efficiency of catalyzing reactions. This technique involves growing a layer of a less expensive transition metal onto a noble metal core, allowing for the creation of a metastable structure with desired electronic properties. This allows for the noble metal nanoparticles to have increased activity when catalyzing certain chemical reactions, such as the hydrogen evolution reaction. This article was authored by Kai Liu, Hao Yang, Ilan Jiang, and others.


Hello and welcome to the session. I am Aasha and I am going to help you with the following question which says, let the sum of N to N, 3 N terms of an AP, be S1, S2 and S3 respectively, show that S3 is equal to 3 times of S2 minus S1. Let us now begin with the solution and let the first term of an AP is equal to A difference is equal to D. We have to show that it is equal to 3 times of S2 minus S1. Now sum of N terms S1 is equal to N upon 2 minus 1 into D, 2 is equal to 2N upon 2 into 2A plus 2N minus 1 into D. Sum of 3 N terms is equal to 3N upon 2 into 2A minus 1 into D. Now first let us find S2 minus S1, S2 is N into 2A plus 2N minus 1 into D minus S1 is minus 1 into D. So this is further equal to N is ND minus, now solving this we have AN minus N is equal to 2 into D plus N upon 2 minus AN is AN. Now solving this 2 we have N upon 2 N square D, now solving this 2 we have minus 1 upon 2 ND. So this is further equal to N, keep in common. So here we have 2A into 2A plus minus 1 into D. Now multiplying the numerator and denominator by 3 we have 3N upon 6 into 2A AN minus 1 into D and now since S3 is 3N upon 2 into 2A plus 3N minus 1 into D this can be written as S1 into D S3. So we have 1 upon 3 S1 is equal to 1 upon 3 S3 we can say that S3 is equal to 3 times of S2 minus S1, 3 times of S2 minus S1 where S1, S2 and S3 are the sum of N to N and 3N terms respectively often AP. So this completes the session take care and have a good day.


SEGA DRUNK Finally, a game that lives up to its title, but Alien Storm isn't just a veritable storm of aliens. It's many things. It's a gallery shooter. It's a run and gun. It's a beat-em-up. This game is fantastic. It was originally made by Sega for Japanese arcades back in 1990, and of course the luxury of making your own arcade cabinets and having your own home console system is that you can keep everything in-house. This game did get ported to a bunch of other platforms like the Master System, Amiga and Commodore 64, but the Sega Genesis port of Alien Storm is the best of them all. It's not quite at the level of intensity that the arcade original reaches, but rest assured, this is one of those games where you're going to be hearing the plastic on your controller creak and squeak as you play this one. It is intense. Plus, not only is this game to-player co-op, it's a reasonably cheap cartridge as well, usually going between $10 and $15. You have three characters to choose from, all with different weapons. There's a dude who uses a short-range electrical zapper thing. The manual calls it a thunder bazooka. There's a gal who uses a flamethrower, and there's a robot who uses a whip. You have three lives and zero continues to get through eight levels with no saves or passwords. When you lose all your lives, it is game over. Start from the beginning. But you do at least have a few chances to gain some extra lives here and there. When you do die, you continue right then and there, so that's nice. However, bear in mind there's no opportunities to switch characters here. You're stuck with whoever you pick at the beginning. But that's no big deal, since, while their weapons are different, each character's speed and range of motion is pretty much the same. As you can see, the gameplay is pretty simple, at least at first.  Check out this thing that tries to freaking eat you. So cool. If this part of the game looks familiar to anyone, it's because Alien Storm was directed by the same fellow that produced and directed Golden Axe, Makoto Uchida. And sure enough, the controls are pretty similar, with B attacking and A unleashing a clear screen attack, which is different for each character. Plus, if you manage to get close enough to an enemy, your character will do an even stronger melee attack, like this dude, for example, spiking a grenade. While there's similarities between Alien Storm and Golden Axe, there's two big differences I should point out. One is the gameplay variety. After getting through the beat'em up section, you go into this warehouse here, and the game transitions into a gallery shooter, destroying even uglier monsters and blowing up crates for energy that powers your clear screen attack. You start the next level with more beat'em up action, this time leading to a boss fight against, uh, whatever this thing is, and after you defeat it, you get these handy-dandy alien bug things that drop power-ups. Next, you're running 99 miles an hour gunning down anything that moves. Okay, this would make sense for the robot, but how do the humans run this fast? This game goes back and forth between these three game modes, and all three are well done.  The second major difference from Golden Axe is the speed of this game. This game plays really fast and cuts a very quick pace, and there's two main control functions that add to that big time. One is being able to roll or dash by pressing the C button, and the other is the ability to run by double-tapping left or right. The only thing that's kinda lousy about this setup is that it means you've got to do a little finger gymnastics to be able to jump. You have to double-tap left or right, then press C, and then press B to do an attack in mid-air. This can be tricky to pull off and actually hit an enemy, but it is cool. I really like that this game is just go, go, go the entire play-through. Even the gallery shooter stages manage to be fast and intense. Now, normally in games like this, the key to progressing through the game is getting all enemies on screen on one side. That's usually done with a toss or a suplex of some kind. In Alien Storm, the key is to move yourself from one side or the other, and you do that by dashing or deftly rolling from side to side. That's a nice twist on the usual beat-em-up formula that I appreciate. This game also has lots of weird little touches everywhere, like this monster gnawing on a house. Hey, you gotta get your fiber one way or another. There's lots of terrified, panicked civilians that run screaming past you. There's aliens popping up from underneath nail boxes. There's aliens harassing civilians. There's regular Joes that walk out and actually turn into aliens. And the music throughout this game does a great job providing even more energy to the playthrough. I should mention one quirk of the gameplay, however. The energy meter isn't just for special attacks. It does slowly trickle down the more you use your weapon, and it can run out, rendering your weapon a blunt object. Having said that, I don't think I ran out of energy once. This is really only an issue if you abuse the clear screen attacks. There's a couple other game modes in Alien Storm as well. One is the duel, and it's just that. You duel enemies one-on-one in nine straight battles while on one health meter, gauntlet style. There's also a one-on-one fighting mode against a second player, but as you might expect, that mode is pretty limited. One other thing I should point out is that you have to go to the options menu to turn rapid fire on. Otherwise, you'd be pounding the B button like crazy, and that's always annoying, so make sure rapid fire is on before you play. So yeah, Alien Storm is a fantastic encapsulation of early 90s SEGA. The gameplay is fast and chaotic. The aliens here are straight out of something like Splatterhouse, and the different game modes aren't just there for the sake of variety. They're actually fun and add a lot to the game. Sure, you could nitpick certain things like how the three characters should have had different capabilities or how there's quite a few enemy palette swaps, but ultimately, those things don't detract from what is a really fun playthrough. Alien Storm was part of the SEGA Mega Drive Ultimate Collection for 360 and PS3 made in 2009, but it's really a shame that this game wasn't included as part of the Genesis Mini Collection. It's a fantastic, fast-paced two-player game that has really held up well over time. Alright, I want to thank you for watching, and I hope you have a great rest of your day.


Hi everyone, Joe for Jaspy's Case Breaks.com coming at you with another box of 2023 Topps Chrome Disney 100. A lot of fun stuff here. This is random pack break number 11. Our last box. I think it's a 12 box case, but I'm pretty sure that maybe another personal box that's sold on either our IG platform or the Fanatics platform, so that's why we just ended up with 11 as our last box. Anyway, big thanks everybody for getting in on this. Or just big thanks to one person for getting on. Look at that.  Thank you and good luck. Let's see what happens. No number or anything like that. We can just go through all of these here. Now we're looking for four numbered parallels are guaranteed in every box. Then otherwise the other cards are generally either inserts or they're refractors. And for lucky enough, we'll see an autograph. And for even luckier, Facilis, we'll see a numbered autograph. Some of those low numbered autographs have been going for a lot on the secondary market. Cards look great this year. They are printed in Italy. They're printed in Italy, so there's a different feel to the card. There's a different feel to the packs too. Different feel to the cards. Card stock feels a little different. Maybe a little bit thicker. The number stamps look a little different as well. Not a good or bad way. They're just different from what we're used to. With regular TOPS Chrome stuff. Has a F1 feel to it. Do you remember TOPS Chrome F1? Kind of that similar stock and feel. I think it feels nice. Here's all the classic movies, the current movies, more modern movies. Pixar movies. Old animation. Facilis, good luck. Thank you. Oh, what do we got here? Nice, iconic moments, gold wave. I don't think I've seen a parallel for the iconic moments cards. You can see in that, kind of in the left corner right there. 28 out of 50. That is an iconic moment. And up. And there's Heimlich. From Bugs Life, 136 out of 299. We got a Sebastian Refractor. Nice, I would imagine getting a Refractor of more popular characters in the Disney universe would be good. Another parallel coming up. And it's Donald Duck. Numbered iconic characters. It's got to be good, right? 27 out of 99. Jimmy said, you saw a case that was a pick your movie break. Huh. That is a good spin on it. You know what, if we end up with another case, I'll pitch that idea. There's Off the Page, Minnie Mouse. There she is again. A little more modernized. We got Snow White Refractor. Wonder how much work that was to go through the entire checklist to see which movies are represented. Maybe a little difficult to price it, I guess, unless there's a clear distinction if one movie had more than the other. There's a Minnie Mouse Refractor, so some refractors of some classic characters. There's a... You know what I'm trying to say. The Mickey Ears business. I just learned this over the holidays. I was hanging out with my sister. I like Disneyland, so was my sister. I think my sister recently went to Disneyland for a friend's birthday. But, um... But she got these Mickey Ears, or these Minnie Ears, I think, but that had, like, LED lights on it. And I think that's her number, right? And I was like... And I was asking my sister, where did you get this? They don't sell these at Disneyland. And then she was like, yeah, my friend bought it for me. They got an Etsy, so I guess there's, like, a whole cottage industry. Which, I guess, makes sense. Cottage industry where they're taking the, I guess, the officially licensed years. They buy them, and then they put things on them. Ooh, another nice parallel? Wow! 24 out of 28. Red, I guess, Mickey Ears background. Mickey Mouse logo background. The Beast.  And a low number. I'll always take that. It'll all add up. I'm sure even these base cards, too. I'm sure people are building, like, frozen sets and stuff like that. Here's another iconic moment. Mah! Sit together a little bit. There's Doc Hudson. Kachow! It's like in McQueen. And the cherry on top of this would be an autograph, ladies and gentlemen. We're getting some nice stuff here. Come on. Our last box. Let's see an auto. Maybe even a multi-auto. I'm sure people are building these stitch sets right there. Wow! Alan said the Beast sold for... That Beast sold for 168 yesterday. So that covers a good chunk of the box. Here's an iconic... I don't think I've seen this one yet. I feel like I gave my voice to a sea witch. When I was out of town. There's Woody. Yeah, this is a nice one here. Here's Anna, refractor. For the first time in forever. Here's the Base Beast. Base Beast. I think that might be some sort of... I don't know. Some sort of DJ. Would I be Base Beast? And it looks like another iconic character. Number! 71 out of 399. Dumbo. If they want, like, what, true colors? Color matches, maybe? Oh, true color. Not as if... Yeah, maybe. I don't know. Would there be a difference between, like, just the straight, green Donald Duck and then, like, a green wave Donald Duck or something like that? Here's Dumbo right here. 399. Alright, so are those our four parallels? One, two, three, four. You got five numbered cards in here. Let's see what else. We got Jafar Refractor. Looks like it's just going to be that iconic moments insert. And, yeah, I've got to re-watch this one. This is an iconic moment. Alright, and the Jafar closing that. No auto. I was really hoping we'd get the auto, but I feel like just in terms, just parallels-wise for non-auto boxes. I feel like... This feels like one of the... Feels like one of the better ones, right? Dumbo to 399. Donald Duck to 99. The Beast to 28. With the Mickey Mouse pattern in the background. Heimlich to 299. And I don't think these are too common, but they're numbered iconic moments cards. 20 out of 50 on that one. Plus, a lot of refractors of some classic characters. Yeah, the Mickey ears, sort of like a wave version of that, huh? I'll take it. I'll bet that specific one might do better than some of the other ones that are similarly numbered. I would think. Well, listen, ladies and gentlemen, again, like I said, that was the last box of that case that Vassilis picked up all the spots in. Thank you, sir, appreciate it. Vassilis saying, hey, that was a good box. Take it. Like I said, we don't have any more, but keep your eye out for more on Jasper's casebreaks.com. I'm Joe, and I'll Disney with you next time. Bye-bye.