Aloha and welcome to Cooper Union. This week we'll be looking at the International Decade for People of African Dissent. We're very excited to have two of the 2020 United Nations Fellows for People of African Dissent and co-founders of the Global Black Collective Institute. Thank you so much for joining us. The UN is commemorating the Decade for People of African Dissent, uniting the world to discuss common challenges facing African descent people around the planet. Today, we'll be looking at the Pillars of the International Decade, the UN Fellowship Program, insight from these former fellows, the new UN Permanent Forum, as well as promising practices and creative contributions to improve daily lives. London, thank you so much for joining us. Could you share a little bit about what it was like to be a fellow and what came out of that, this new Global Black Collective? Oh, yes. Hi, Joshua. Thank you so much for having us. It was an amazing experience. It was a very intense. It was three weeks towards the end of 2020. And there were about 29 fellows from about 14 different countries. And we were trained by UN experts on the international human rights framework and its mechanisms to give us that information so that we can work to advance and promote the human rights for people of African descent. And after our fellowship ended, a small group of us within the fellowship, we came together to form the Global Black Collective Institute. And so we are a Black-first organization, and we're dedicated to the realization of equity for people of African descent around the world, addressing and advancing the human rights of people of African descent through education, advocacy, and promotion. And Ikram and I are both founding members. And we are very excited to share our work. Thank you so much, Ikram. Could you share a little bit about your perspective of the fellow? Thank you, Joshua, for having us. So my name is Ikram Horsam. I'm a human rights lawyer and a UN fellow and also co-founder of the Global Black Collective. Happy to share with you my experience with the international fellowship. With the UN, it was very exciting.  We speak different languages, different backgrounds, but talking to them, I discover actually we have similar interests in almost a lot of stuff in terms of how racism impact us, but also how we navigate in a world where we are a minority. So that was extremely important experience for me. And so I really enjoy my experience at the fellowship. The only problem is because of COVID, we did it online. So the experience was not as fulfilling as other years. And we hope that maybe in a few years we'll all meet together because I work with London for months now since December on this fellowship, on this actually Global Black Collective and we never met in person because of COVID, right? So, but I'm hoping hopefully in the future we'll be able to meet in person. That's so exciting, especially to know that we can overcome even COVID but still connect with each other around the world and find the common challenges, but also create new creative campaigns such as the exciting Global Black Collective Institute. No, you copulately right Joshua because they allow us an opportunity. I was saying it was a blessing, the COVID was a kind of a blessing because we're able to continue our work online and able to create this amazing organization. Thank you so much. Could you share with us a bit, London, some of the pillars of this international decade for people of African descent and when it will conclude? Yes, and in fact, before I shared that I wanted to share about some of the countries that we came from for the fellowship for 2020. So that would be United States, Canada, China, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, Peru, so Haiti. So we were, our African diaspora was very well represented for this cohort for 2020. And so yes, the international decade for people of African descent, it is the years 2015 to 2024. So we have just a few years left and it aims to celebrate the important contributions of people of African descent worldwide, advancing social justice and the inclusion of policies to eradicate racism and intolerance. There are a few main objectives of the decade, promoting respect and protection and fulfillment of all human rights for people of African descent, a greater knowledge for our diverse heritage, adopting national and international mechanisms to advance our human rights. And so the three pillars that we work under to advance the international decade is recognition, justice and development. And so, Khrom, if you want, I don't know if you wanted to add anything. Yeah, I will. So first of all, it's just to go back to the question you asked previously on the fellowship. I wanted just to mention that I was a little bit surprised to learn that only one country finding that fellowship and it was Russia, which surprisingly doesn't have a lot of people of African descent in the country, because normally you would expect country like Western country, like Canada, US and other country who have a lot of huge people of African descent as their citizen to find those type of initiative. So I was a little bit surprised to learn only one country's funding, the fellowship, and it was Russia. So that was an interesting thing. To go back to what my friend Lenda was saying on the objective of the international decade is to ensure basically that those three teams, recognition, to ensure that the right of people of African descent and their equal participation in society in all aspects of society, they deal also with the issue of justice, how to strengthen legal framework to ensure people of African descent receive justice. And third, they deal with development to promote knowledge of the diverse cultural and contribution people of African descent provide to the society. For example, in Canada, where we have a minority of people of African descent believe and to recognize the acknowledgement of their contribution in country like Canada. Thank you so much. And of course, if you look at recognition, justice and development, that links up very well with the UN sustainable development goals. Can you share if there's any cool activities and campaigns being coordinated around the SDGs? Or if you wanna share maybe one of the best highlights or something you really learned during the fellowship that more people should know about? I wanna first, I will just speak to the perspective of Canada because I'm Canadian. And one thing that happened is, one, the decade, the international decade for people of African descent start from 2015 to 2024. It took three years for a government to acknowledge and recognize the decades. And that happened because a lot of people, there was a lot of lobbying, but I'm so glad that Canada is one of the country that acknowledged and recognized the decades. And there was some activity, but there was not enough to be quite honest to advance the program of activity of the decades. So that's one perspective of like, in North America that in Canada, yes, we acknowledge the decade, but there was not a lot of activity. There were mostly local activity than federal activity. So for example, Ontario, which has the highest number of black people in Canada, recognized the decade, and there was a lot of activity. The city of Toronto, which is the largest city in Canada put in place. They also acknowledge the decade. They also pioneer some of the data, desegrated data collection. So those are some of the themes, I will see that is related to the decade. Thank you. London, anything you'd like to share from just south of the border of our great neighbors of Canada? Yes, I know that the United States has not officially adopted the international decade for people of African descent. I know that there has been some discussion by a few congressional members, but it's not beneficial. What I am most excited about is continuing to educate local communities about the decade, about the activities of the decade, the pillars of the decade. And we still have time to come together as communities to encourage the United States to officially adopt the decade. So there is still time. We have a lot of work to do, but I do feel hopeful that we can still work together. That's a great point, London. So since 2024 is the end of the decade, what are one or two steps that we can ask people to take to honor the spirit of the decade and what are some results that we hope we could achieve by 2024? Ikram, would you like to go first? Yes, it's actually a great question. And I will say in Canada, the biggest problem people of African descent have is the lack of acknowledgement. As a group, we do not even exist because black people as a category doesn't exist in any legislation in Canada. So that's the biggest problem. I will say that if one thing, the decade would allow, it would be an opportunity for us to lobby for that because in order to resolve a problem, you have to first identify the problem. Now black people are incorporated what we call in Canada visible minority, which basically is anyone who's not indigenous and non-whites. So basically everyone is incorporated in that category. So it's hard to address the problem that are unique to black people. For example, over the incarceration issue, police brutality, discrimination and education, which is a quite unique to the community in Canada, indigenous community and the black community. And so that's our biggest problem is if there will be one thing that Canada will take advantage of this will be to ensure that we'll lobby more using the framework of the permanent forum, but also other tools available under the decade to ensure that the government of Canada recognize black people as a distinct group, equity seeking group. Thank you so much. London, how about you? What do you think we could aim for? Yeah, you know, I think what we can do here at home is could be similar to what we're doing for the convention only elimination of all forms of discrimination against women's CEDAW. We, you know, as the United States has not ratified the CEDAW convention. However, there are cities adopting the principles of this international treaty. So I think we could adopt that when it comes to the international decade for people of African descent, I think local community members, we can continue to educate ourselves on this decade and what it means the principles and then we can as a collective community adopt these principles at the local level within our organizations, within our local government and then work our way and continue to talk with our members of Congress to officially, you know, recognize the decade, but it would really be beneficial for us to start working at the local level and infusing the principles into our work and recognizing the unique contributions and struggles of people of African descent in our communities. Excellent points and you both really alluded to some of the other aspects we're gonna get into. One is the permanent forum and then the other one talking about this UN for Human Rights Treaty Bodies. So really, I do appreciate you both talking about this situation on racism in North American context and really bringing it up that people don't think about a lot. And when we look at Canada, most recently, they just finally had put in the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples International Law. So that was big. I think that was C-15 legislation. So it's great now that they've taken action on Indigenous, maybe we can see more action around people of African descent and the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues is celebrating its 20th year this year, but now we've created a brand new permanent forum. Could you maybe share a bit about the structure of the permanent forum, maybe when it plans on meeting and why it's such an important initiative in international human rights law? Yeah, I can go if you want. Go ahead. So the permanent forum, I will say, I won't say a byproduct of the decade, but it was part of the decade, was part of the program of activities of the decade. We, some of our members are the Black Global Collective members who participated actually in one that were elaborating the modality of the forum itself. So basically, the forum will allow, now so far the information I have, and I don't have a lot of details, they will have one permanent secretariat. I believe the Indigenous forum has four or five, if my memory is correct. So maybe that will be something that we need to know to ensure that we have more permanent staff to work there. Because one person, I don't know how that person would be able to coordinate all the civil society requests. And it was, on August 2nd, actually was a historic day for people of African descent around the world when that resolution passed. There was some concern in terms of all the requests that, for example, our member of Black Global Black Collective and other members who were working closely with the modality of the forum we're working on, were not really addressed in terms of financing, for example. And also some of the requests in relation to reparation, those modalities were not fully detailed in the permanent forum. But nevertheless, August 2nd was a historic day for people of African descent around the world. We are hoping that the permanent forum will allow us people of African descent and mechanism to coordinate all the efforts in terms of advocacy. And especially in a world where, for example, now resolution 43.1, which deal with law enforcement and discriminations as a result of the death of George Floyd, those historical documents did not exist prior to this decade, I will say. And that opportunity, I think the permanent forum will allow us a mechanism to advocate better for justice and equality for people of African descent around the world. And I believe organizations such as ours, we've noticed while talking to other members because as Linda explained, we have members who are diverse members, memberships, people around the world. And we noticed that people of African descent have the same struggle, regardless whether they are in UK, Australia, Canada, Brazil or the US. So because of that, one of our plan in the future is hopefully to coordinate our efforts and to learn from each other and see what we can do globally to use the international mechanism such as the permanent forum to advocate better for the interests of black people around the world. Thank you so much, London. Anything that you'd like to add to that? About the current situation and its potential. Sure, yeah. One of the things I would like to add to sort of add to Ikram is to talk about, this was nearly a decade in the making. There has been consistent advocacy and activism around establishing this permanent forum from activists around the globe. And that does include some of the members of the Global Black Collective Institute, but this was truly a global effort. And so the day that the permanent forum was adopted, many of us watched the General Assembly that day. And what I've learned is that again, many people in our local communities are not aware of this permanent forum. So I still, for me as being a community organizer and deeply embedded in communities in Metro Detroit, one of my goals is to ensure that community is more active and more knowledgeable about this important mechanism and to ensure that we participate in how the forum interacts with the Human Rights Council, the General Assembly and other UN agencies. That's great. Is there a starting date that they have announced or when the first permanent forum would be scheduled? Just wondering as people are trying to get their calendars in order in their community. And then the other important point you talked about was CDaw and those cities. It is exciting to see human rights cities organizing around the world to kind of take in that gap that exists between the international, the national and the local and state level. So it is exciting to see that you mentioned cities for CDaw. One of the other important points is the UN committee on the elimination of all forms of racial discrimination. We know CERD has actually indicated they'll be reviewing the United States in 2022. Maybe it's important for people to know a little bit about the UN committee on the elimination of racial discrimination CERD. Also, CDaw, why we haven't ratified that yet? It's really brings up some points. When you look at what I'm saying about Canada, not coming so late in the US, not yet ratifying certain things. What do you think we could do about growing a culture of human rights in these two countries that are really seen as beacons of democracy and freedom around the world? That's a good question. That's a very good question. Actually, it was interesting to see during work with a coalition of people of African descent around the world on the modality of the permanent forums. We've noticed that there was a few groups, a few countries that were really opposed to the permanent forum and were filing a lot of objections. Unfortunately, this country happened to be the country that advocated for human rights around the world, the UK, US and Japan. So it was interesting to see for the decade but also for the permanent forum, those with the same country were opposed. And sometimes you will notice that at international level, personally for me, that's my biggest takeout from this fellowship was my involvement in international politics and the UN work. And I've noticed how, for example, in Canada, our government will take extremely progressive position and it was verbally on issue of race. But when it comes to international issue, Canada objected to the permanent forum initially and then later on is abstained. So it shows really the true color of how the country stand for human rights. So it's unfortunately that a lot of people are not involved in the international community but that give us a true picture of how the country stand when it comes to human rights. And it also will allow us to use those international forum to influence the welcome law. And one example actually I would like to share is in which a great views is a historical ruling that happened last week. I think it was yesterday, two days ago, the 23rd, I believe in Nova Scotia, I don't know if you heard of it. It was a decision by the Court of Appeal in Nova Scotia. And interestingly, in that case, the Nova Scotia coalition for the decade for people of African descent was interveners. So they had someone to represent their interests and that person, that lawyer, argued the impact of racism and systemic discriminations and overrepresentation of black people in Nova Scotia prison, which is a province in Canada. And what is interesting is the first time in Canada that history of racism, systemic discrimination and marginalization would be taken into consideration when a person is sentenced during sentencing, which is normally exists for Indigenous Canadian and Indigenous people in Canada, but do not exist for people of African descent. So that, for me, give me a lot of hope that the connection between international advocacy and international instruments and the impact on direct legal cases here in Canada. And I think that's the future that we all hope will participate in the future. Thank you for that legal development. London, would you like to add anything? Yeah, I think what's really important in the United States is for people to continue, because I know a lot of people are to continue to have an understanding and pursue information on how our leaders are interacting on the international stage, how we are interacting with UN agencies and other countries. And it's important to understand why the United States has not signed on to most of the core human rights treaties. And even the ones that we have ratified such as CERD, it is important, it really does come back to our work as advocates and activists. So to ensure that we hold the United States accountable for its commitments to what we have committed to at the UN. So even after we are seen at CERD and there are recommendations given, we as a community still I believe have an obligation to ensure that the United States follows through. So it's continuous work, but it's important work. And that's what I try to instill to young people, particularly when I'm in the community is how powerful we are as global citizens, as US citizens to use our voices to make that impact. That's a great point. And he talks about that cycle and it's a cycle of courage and a cycle of compassion but that we started the community, we demand our rights. And if at the capital level in Ottawa and DC, it's ignored and we use the global civil society and the international instruments and then apply that moral pressure to make sure that they do what they've already promised to and made those promises to their fellow peer nations. And it's a chance then to at least use all the instruments that exist. So we're talking about the treaty bodies and that's such a good point London and that we're the only country that hasn't ratified the convention on the rights of the child, which is absolutely shocking. One of the handful that haven't ratified Seedaw on women and then out of the nine, the core nine, only ratified three, which is, I know school just started. So if you look at school starting that's definitely not passing grade. And no one would think that about the United States. So it's really a campaign to educate and engage and then empower people to make a difference. And that's, I think one of the exciting things is the fellowship brings leaders from around the world to say what I'm facing where I might have felt alone, I actually have so much more in common with so many people in places I never even imagined. And so one of the things I think that Ikram brought up that I thought was really the most powerful is also resolution 43-1 and how after the murder of George Floyd, civil society and people who are directly impacted and their family members demanded that the UN look at systemic racism and police brutality. Is there anything you'd like to share about that new initiative? We know the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Michelle Bachelet just shared her report and we know that there's actions taking place, but it's interesting what has happened during COVID around the issue of racism in North America but around the world. We can maybe conclude with that, Ikram. Okay. One thing I would like to highlight on resolution 43-1, it's the country that actually sponsored that is one tiny West African country, Bukuna Faso. So that for me, it's not only the African group in general who sponsored that, but it was started by Bukuna Faso. It's hopeful to see how a tiny, tiny little country in West Africa is able to sponsor those type of resolution, historical resolution. It also speaks to the fact that African people are really aware and affected by the plight of people of African descent outside Africa. Because I'm myself born and raised in Africa and grew up now here in Canada, so the impact of racism was not the same as someone who was born in North America. So that's for me, it's historical. It also showed the power of civil society at the UN level. And a lot of people always, for example, say, well, what is the point of using the international instrument, but they forget the impact at international level it will have on countries such as North America, US, Canada, or Mexico. And if a resolution 43 and the report that will come out, actually, it's not implemented, that will be a tool for local activists to use and pressure the government to say, this is an international community that decide those are some of the remedy that need to be implemented in your country. So it's time for you to put in place some protocols to ensure that at least issue of police precuterities are present in your country. What is interesting also to know that is, although it is a problem that originally came from the US, it has an international impact. You probably saw on TV, Black Lives Matter in Canada, US, and Europe, yeah, exactly. Every country even saw a clip of people in Iran where there's a minority of black people there, although yes, there's Afro community in Iran, but it's extremely small. But it was non-Afro and Iranian people who were also a participant. And it's called a country we'll never take, even a country like Greece. So the impact is international and it's important to know that there's a way you can locally influence using international instrument and international resolution such as 43.1. London, just an initial idea around 43 and we'll continue this conversation because we know next week will be the 20th anniversary of the World Conference Against Racism that took place in Durban, South Africa. So we'll continue our conversation and a little bit more reflection next time to see where we've gone in two decades. But any initial final comments on resolution 43.1? Yes, what I will say is that when I heard that Burkina Faso led the African group to demand an urgent debate on police brutality, particularly in the United States, I felt the spirit and power of the ancestors really coming together and making this happen. And again, like Ikram was saying, it's very, very powerful to know that the people on the continent, African people on the continent are very aware of what's happening in the diaspora. And it just shows how powerful we can all be when we are coming together to advocate for each other. So I felt the power of the ancestors and they spoke and the voices are strong. And we thank you both for speaking today and we thank you both for sharing the international decade for people of African descent. And thank you so much for joining us on Cooper Union. Mahalo. Thank you. Thank you so much.


Tommy here from Orange Systems and we're going to talk about the unify routing equipment specifically the USG series and the dream machine kind of the upgraded replacement for the USG and Why you should or should not buy them and my goal is not to at all bash on the product But it's to explain why we don't use them very often and the shortcomings of it or the scenario that we do use them in And this is just that frequent question We get tagged in in Twitter people filling out contact forms or people who purchased a product hoping it did something More than it does so we're gonna break down some of those details for you So you you can decide for yourself whether or not this is a product that fits your needs or doesn't but first If you'd like to learn more about me or my company head over to Lawrence systems calm If you'd like to hire short project There's a hires button right at the top if you'd like to help keep this channel sponsor-free and thank you to everyone Who already has there is a join button here for YouTube and a patreon page your support is greatly Appreciated if you're looking for deals or discounts on products and services We offer on this channel check out the affiliate links down below They're in the description of all of our videos including a link to our shirt store We have a wide variety of shirts that we sell and new designs come out well randomly so check back frequently and Finally our forums forums.laurancesystems.com is where you can have a more in-depth discussion about this video and other tech topics You've seen on this channel now back to our content So Unify offers a handful of routing products gateways such as the security gateway pro Unify dream machine pro Unify dream machine and I've reviewed the two different dream machines And I did a review a while ago of the USG and as you know, we're a big fan of all the Unify Hardware in terms of switching as I have Unify switches behind me lots of their access points They're switching and access points are wonderful and we love them and we deploy a lot of them We think it's a really great platform and I've got quite a few videos on that topic But the question always comes up of what about their USG line or any other routing equipment? Why aren't you completing the network from start to finish with Unify and here's the breakdown of that? So while the Unify software is nice and it does offer that you know single pane of glass that everyone wants So their router is in there. They can get their DPI statistics They can see the switches being online and they can see the access points with the Unify software to find networking controller This is where it really falls short VPN is the first one We're going to talk about the VPN on it is just not that great now. Can you do site to site VPN? Absolutely That's actually one of the easier things that does seem to work where you take two USGs You point them at each other in the controller and go Hey this one talk to this one and it sets it up for you that part easy The details is where it starts to matter one We've had a few clients that have said and it seems it been fixed in some of the later software updates Where the VPN goes down but gives them no notice and actually shows up in inside the menu Rebooting them fixes it. No one wants to reboot a Router at a business in the middle of the day. That's just well that sucks Next what about open VPN because specifically to site to site VPN does not do You know your standard road warrior open VPN. This is the second part where it falls flat They offer L2 TP VPN and the problem with that is multiple users behind single IP addresses that breaks It's just a less robust system for managing VPN. So that's another problematic way to do it now Someone may point out that yes Tom You can go into the USG though and go to the command line and start adding features and you know basically Modifying it outside of what is officially supported from Unify and yes, you could but you're not going to get support from me You're not going to get support from Unify for it I mean you'll actually maybe have some trouble finding support to get that done We've had a few people call us with like lots of modifications that they've done to the USG's You know via special config files And it's just not something we're willing to support because it's a headache and that's why they're looking for support You get some community support in the forums on there and I don't think it's a great commercial solution Next let's talk about the fact that we still can't in here in 2020 on Any other products? This is the and we'll go back here and when we talk about the security gateway pro. You're like cool RG45 Ports you have SFP ports It seems like this would be a fancy device that you could do something like this But you can't you can't install a block of IPs was set up I should not install a block of IPs on the WAN port I don't know why this feature is so elusive for unify to be able to do in their controller software But it is so if I have a block of five static IPs now when I was signed them That's not an option now This is where people right away jump to the special config files and mainly configure from the command line command line to be able To do it, but that's just not really practical when you want to say all right. I have a block of IPs I want different things running on different ports and managing it I mean if you don't mind managing a firewall from the command line great But there's better solutions out there So this is one of the fall flats of if you need multiple or a block of IPs. It's just problematic What about the DPI doesn't it have those DPI features? That's the feature. I really need well Let's dive into that specifically and we're gonna look at the dream machine here As I have one pulled up and set up now here is a fully set up unify system with the dream machine at the head end So we have that single pane of glass where we get the fancy menus and everything else Let's look at the statistics and yes, we do have DPI statistics first challenge now before you get excited I know people love dashboards Let's drill down Okay, we can drill down and say this dream machine watched a lot of YouTube this particular Chromecast did Okay, except for you know, it's missing you can't really get much more than a face on this because This is when you start diving into it. We don't have a time frame We know that this device used That much on YouTube. We have this cool graph 419 gigs 399 million packets. Let's hit detail again over what time frame when let's drill down further What did it use yesterday or the day before? That's where these stats really start to show their problems is they look great on the surface when you dive into them You're like, oh, I have no details on exactly the statistics that you need to know I want to know historical data on this. Okay, I Can get like this per day, but it still doesn't give me how much was YouTube this day. It's not real DPI stats It's very I don't know basic ones and this is one of those huge issues with the USG I know people really like the USG or dream machine They both do the same thing with the DPI stats and this is one of the biggest reasons people seem to want them but this is one of those challenges with it of Not being able to have any real what I call actionable statistics So you have some general stats and you know generally what people are doing, but there's no specificity to it There's no details You can drill down a little bit further But not enough to really break it down like we can look at different users and see which users did what so this galaxy right here Is galaxy phone? Okay, this much mp4 YouTube again, but still anyway more hit details There's still no time frame for any of this to give me real correlation data on it It's still a nice feature to have in here. I think it's just kind of cool, but it also what's my action item? I'm gonna get for this right here and Now while we're in here, we'll talk about threat management. Once again, it checks the box of saying it has it It gives you some really cool graphics, but doesn't give you really solid Actionable information on here. That's where once again, we start to fall flat. We know that it Did some honey pots are set up on here. I done this before I did the video Once again, very basic information without any real Actionable items on there now a few other quirkiness about it handling DHCP handling lots of the other stuff can be done on these But yeah, it's a little bit trickier to do some of the reservations under it's not like other firewalls It's very it's like where they felt have fallen short on their devices It's one of the pain and about parts so where I do recommend it So knowing all of that what I said, where would I recommend one of these? Well? We have a few really small businesses using them a couple salons I think we have just a handful of small offices like where there's nothing really critical They want a guest network and I think home users are a great target for this even the USG pro for home users going Hey, I just want something that works that updates and is secure. I don't think they're an insecure product I don't think they're a product that we've had any problems at all when it comes to updates matter of fact Way better than any of the consumer equipment when it comes to updates and and not Not being flawed and actually doing firmware updates and keeping you secure all that works great So that is a place where I'm going to recommend it So if you just need I go if you just need the basic routing functions No extra IPs and I even worried about it does offer port forwarding But it's for a lot of the home users not even trying that they just want something that works right away dream machine Even the dream machine pro they're solid for those features people who say I want whole home VPN And I want all the special routing and advanced features. I want to load balance really well and in detail There it falls flat again And we do get home users that seem to request that a whole home VPN is a popular one where you can plug it Into the router and have it or even selective routing that is not a spot where it falls short to do selective routing Where you send some servers some of your equipment going out over the VPN some of your clients and others not So maybe you have something that you're downloading something you need a country of origin code change and you want to go over the VPN That's really cool advanced routing I got videos on those particular topics, but not for the USG and not for the dream machine because once again They fall flat on those particular things. So hopefully that helps you a little bit This is the reply you probably got if I if you had asked me to configure the USG To do something it just doesn't do this what this video is for I just want people to be very informed before they purchase one of these I know It's tempting if you're buying unified access points and unified switches to go ahead and put a USG at the front But that's actually a frequent thing that we've been doing over the last year and we still get requests for it here in 2020 Hey, can you help me replace my insert name of USG routing product because it won't do these other features that I really want So that's where it comes in. It's not a product I'm not hating on the product I'm just want to make sure people are very aware of its shortcomings and yes here in 2020 It's July of 2020 specifically with the latest controller software those shortcomings still exist You're looking at essentially the latest version here and this is just how it works. So hopefully this was helpful I just want to keep people informed on this But if you just need basic routing function or want to recommend to a home user It's it's really great if you don't need those features. Thanks And thank you for making it to the end of the video If you like this video, please give it a thumbs up If you'd like to see more content from the channel hit the subscribe button and hit the bell icon If you like YouTube to notify you when new videos come out If you'd like to hire us head over to laurancesystems.com fill out our contact page And let us know what we can help you with and what projects you'd like us to work together on If you want to carry on the discussion head over to forums.laurancesystems.com Where we can carry on the discussion about this video other videos or other tech topics in general Even suggestions for new videos. They're accepted right there on our forums, which are free Also, if you like to help the channel in other ways head over to our affiliate page We have a lot of great tech offers for you. And once again, thanks for watching and see you next time


A very good evening aspirants, welcome to the Hindu newspaper analysis brought to you by Shankara IAS Academy. Today's date is 29th of December 2023, displayed here are the list of news articles that we are going to discuss today. So with that much delay, let us get into the first news article discussion. Take a look at this news article. Recently, All India Sociological Conference 2023 was held in VIT Vellore. In this conference, Minister PTR Palanivel Diyaarajan spoke about the positives and negatives of hyperglobalization. He also stressed the sociologist to research about global warming, climate change, rising inequality and polarization and etc. This is the crux of the news article given here. So in this news article discussion, let us understand about what is hyperglobalization, their characteristics and their impacts on the Indian economy. First, let us understand about globalization. See, in simple words, globalization means a free movement of capital, goods and labour across the various nations. It also means an increasing three eyes. The three eyes include interdependence, interconnectedness and integration of various economies and societies around the world. See, in a properly globalized world and even in one part of the globe will affect the people in other part of the world. For example, a war in Donetsk which is in Ukraine will result in decreasing fuel price in Madurai. At the same time, a war in Gulf will result in exodus of migrants and poverty for a family in Trivandrum. So this is what the phenomenon globalization means. And remember, it is not something a new phenomenon for our world. There are many phrases of globalization in our human history. Let us see them one by one. See, the globalization 1.0 was in the era of pre-World War I. This era was an era of mercantilism and historic drop in trade cost. Note that globalization 1.0 had no government support and there was no global governance to regulate it. Subsequently, in the post-World War II era, globalization 2.0 was started. This was marked by an establishment of various institutions like United Nations, IMF, World Bank, WTO to regulate the trade. An important feature of this era is the trade in goods wars combined with complementary domestic policies of the government. The globalization 3.0 or hyper globalization is used to describe the drastic increase in the size, scope and velocity of globalization. Remember that it began in the late 1990s and it continues in the 21st century. For example, note that between 1990 and 2008, global trade in goods increased from 15.3% to 25.2% of world GDP. So this is the reason why we denote this period as the hyper globalization period. A unique feature of hyper globalization is an unprecedented moment of capital and of people across the world. It created a new world of manufacturing in which high technology like internet of things, big data and artificial intelligence that is AI is employed to lower the production wages. So this is about the definition of hyper globalization. Now let us see the characteristics of hyper globalization. Firstly, in this hyper globalized world, countries produce the things in which they have comparative advantage and import other things. For example, Indonesia and Malaysia produce palm oil and Ukraine and Russia produce sunflower oil as they have comparative advantage in the palm oil and sunflower oil respectively. Secondly, this phenomenon covers all the dimensions of integration of the world. This includes an integration in economic, cultural and political spheres. So these are all the characteristics. Now let us see the current position of hyper globalization. So this trend of hyper globalization is under attack nowadays. Remember the world of hyper globalization or happy age as termed by Keynes is on declining trend. It is evident from the various signs which describe a decreasing global trade. As we all know the trade had peaked in 2008. Since then the trend has been declining. In 2020 world merchandise trade has dropped to 20.8% of GDP. Apart from this, the increasing protectionist tendencies across the world, the decreasing global order, the war also marks the end of hyper globalization. So having seen all the basics about hyper globalization. Now let us see the impacts of this phenomenon on Indian economy and society. See India has missed the first two phases of globalization. In fact, it lost so much of its resources to the first phase due to the British rule. But in hyper globalized phase, India was a friend-trender of development. Its economic growth has increased manifold in this era. The traditional Indian society also witnessed a sea change due to the hyper globalization. A unique fact is both hyper globalization and India's trust with globalization started at the same time that is in 1990s. Now let us see the impacts on Indian economy. Firstly, it has contributed to the growth of Indian economy. As of now India is the fifth largest economy and will become the largest by 2027. This phenomenal development owes a large to globalization. Secondly, socially it has led to the proliferation of Indian glass and increasing the standard of living of the people. Culturally it led to increasing participation of women in the workforce thus changing the structure of family marriage and etc. On the flip side, that is on the opposite side, it also led to insecurities of job, nuclearization of families, increasing inequality, neglect of agriculture and rural economy and etc. So these are all certain important points that you have to remember about globalization. It is a very important topic. There might be a main question. So just make a note of it and revise it whenever you get time. So these learnt points. Now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Look at this text and context article. I hope you all remember a merchant vessel named Chimpluto was hit by a projectile. Chimpluto had 21 Indian crew members and it was heading to Mangalore. After the preliminary investigation, it was concluded that the projectile that hit Chimpluto might have come from a drone. Now this is a worrisome fact because in response to Israel's attack on Gaza, the Houthi rebels of Yemen have increased their attacks on merchant vessels in the Red Sea. They are particularly attacking the ships near the Bab El Mandab Strait. It is in this context the article is written here. Now the article here covers two important aspects. One is the impacts of the attacks by Houthi rebels and steps that are being taken to address the crisis. So in our discussion today, we will look at the points given in the article in detail. Now look at this main question. Recently, the MN based rebel group Houthi has started attacking commercial ships passing through the Red Sea. In this context, what are the possible impacts of the Houthi action? Discuss various steps taken to counter the actions of the Houthis. See this question can be asked in GS Paper 3 under the syllabus, security challenges and their management in border areas. Talking about how to approach this question. See the question is very clear. It has two parts. First we have to write about the impacts of Houthi action. And then we have to write about the steps that are being taken to counter the Houthi actions. So let's start answering the question. In the introduction part, you can write one of the two things. You can either write about the Houthi in general or you can write about the strategic significance of the Bab El Mandab Strait. Here choosing the second option is the vice of one. So you can write that Bab El Mandab is situated between the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. It is an important maritime choke point. The strait links the Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean. It is a crucial maritime route for vessels travelling between Europe, Asia and the Middle East. Around 12% of global trade and about 30% of world's container shipping passes through the Bab El Mandab Strait. This makes the strait economically significant. The strait is also strategically important. This is because the Bab El Mandab Strait controls the access to the Suez Canal. In addition to this, the strait is very narrow. This narrowness makes the ship pass through it vulnerable to attack, smuggling and other illegal activities. So you can highlight these points in the introduction part. Now in order to connect the introduction part to the question, you can link by mentioning that the Houthis who are currently controlling Northern Yemen are attacking the merchant vessels moving along the Bab El Mandab Strait to hurt Israel and its allies. This way you can finish the introduction. Moving on to the main body of the answer. Here first you have to write about the impacts of Houthi attack along the Bab El Mandab Strait. Here you can write the points under two subheadings. For example, you can write under the subheadings, economic impacts and impacts on global geopolitics. Remember you have to add one or two Indian specific points under the subheadings. Now let us see the economic impacts. The first impact is the disruption to the global supply chain. See a ship travelling from Europe to Asia has two options. One is the Suez Canal and another one is the Cape of the Good Hope route. As you can see in this map, the Cape of Good Hope route is longer than the other route. The distance from Singapore to Rotor Dam is 8301 nautical miles along the Suez Canal route. And in the case of the Cape of Good Hope route, it is 11758 nautical miles. A round trip through the Red Sea last 34 days, a round trip means going up and down. While the Cape route extends to 43 days for a round trip. Now as the Haudis are attacking the container vessels along Bob L. Mandep Street, the container traffic through the Red Sea has dropped by some 35% in recent weeks. And the shipping companies are preferring the longer Cape of Good Hope route. This is acting as an hurdle to global supply chains. The next impact is inflation. As the shipping companies are choosing the longer route, the shipping cost and the insurance cost will go up. This will lead to inflation like condition in the global economy. This is the second impact. Then you can write that Europe is one of the major export destination for India. And the Suez Canal route is the preferred route. The crisis created by the Haudis will create problems for Indian exporters. Also, if the Haudis action is creating global inflationary pressure, the US Federal Reserve might increase the interest rates. This might lead to foreign investors pulling their dollars away from the Indian market. This might lead to rupee depreciation. So we can write these points in the economic impacts. Now coming to the geopolitical impacts. Firstly, you can write that the Haudis action might trigger other countries to get into action and make it a global conflict. See, one of the reasons why Hamas attacked Israel is to transform the Israel-Palestine bilateral issue into a global issue. But the countries bordering Israel and Palestine like Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and Egypt have shown their support for Palestine but they did not get into the conflict. The other major Islamic powers like Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Iran have largely stayed out of the conflict. This is because the war in Gaza doesn't impact the world economy. The Haudis action might impact the global economy. So it is possible that the issue might turn into a global scale. Secondly, as far as India is concerned, the biggest challenge would be to stay balanced. This is because India has good relationship with Israel and Iran who is backing the Haudis. So you can write these points in the impacts of Haudis actions. Now moving on to the second part of the answer. Here you have to mention about the steps taken to counter Haudis action. See, first is the Operation Prosperity Guardian. That is, OPS has been established by the US. It is a multinational US-led military operation to respond to Haudi-led attacks on shipping in the Red Sea. This operation is taken up by combined Task Force 153 which is also a US-led initiative. In addition to this, the US has been shooting down the missiles and the drones launched by the Haudis. The US also mentioned that it might take offensive action against Haudis if need persist. Then the Indian Navy for its part has increased surveillance in the area. India also deployed a number of destroyers to be specific. Project 15B and Project 15A class, aircrafts. Then see Guardian unmanned aerial vehicles, helicopters and coast guard ships to protect the merchant ship from moving near the Barb El Mandep. Lastly, the Indian Navy's Information Fusion Centre for Indian Ocean Region, IFC IOR, is actively monitoring the region. Here IFC IOR is a maritime information sharing hub established by the Government of India to promote collaboration in maritime safety. You can write these points in the steps taken to counter the Haudis action. So in the conclusion part, you can write that, This is because years of economic sanctions and years of bombing by the Saudis did not deter the Haudis. So to bring a lasting solution, the world nations must bring the Haudis and their sponsor Iran to the negotiation table. This will provide a long-term solution to the issue. So this way you can conclude your answer. These are also some of the very important points mentioned in the news article. Just make a note of it and revise it frequently. So with these learnt points, now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Look at this image. This image portrays a folk dance of Kerala called Mudhi et al. So we shall learn some of the basics about Mudhi et al in this news article discussion. See Mudhi et al is a traditional ritual theatre and folk dance drama in Kerala. It is a community ritual that involves the entire village. The dance takes place in the four districts of Ernakulam, Trishur, Kothayam and Idiqui. The Marar and Kurupu communities mainly perform Mudhi et al. The dance usually takes place between February and May after the harvesting season. So talking about the theme of Mudhi et al, this ritual dance enacts the mythological tale of a battle between the goddess Kali and demon Dharika. The ritual is a part of the Bahavadi or Badrakali cult. It is performed in temples of the mother goddess in Kerala. Remember there are seven characters in Mudhi et al. Shiva, Narada, Dharika, Dhanavendra, Badrakali, Kuli and Coimbidaar. See to give a supernatural feel, the actors wear extensive makeup and magnificent outfits with traditional facial painting and so on. Talking about the significance of Mudhi et al, mutual cooperation and collective participation of each cast in the ritual instills and strengthens common identity and mutual bonding in the community. Mudhi et al serves as an important cultural site for transmission of traditional values, ethics, moral codes and aesthetic norms of the community to the next generation. In 2010, Mudhi et al was included in UNESCO's list of intangible cultural heritage of humanity. This is the second art from Kerala to be included in this list. The first one was Kudi Atam, which is also a traditional ritual dance. If you see Kudi Atam, it is a combination of Sanskrit tradition and Sangam-era Tamil performing art called Kuthu. So these are all some of the very important points that you have to remember about. Mudhi et al, it can be asked in mains as well as problems. Make note of it and revise it. So with these learnt points, now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Look at this news article. We all know that recently there was huge flooding in southern districts of Tamil Nadu. So in order to carry out relief works, Tamil Nadu government is demanding the central government to release funds from NDRF. In this issue, High Court has ordered both the central and state governments to file their statements in the court. This is the cracks of the news article given here. So in today's discussion, we shall see some of the basic things about NDRF. So what is NDRF, National Disaster Response Fund NDRF? In simple terms, it is a financial mechanism to meet the rescue and relief expenditure during any notified disaster. Here notified disaster or nothing but disasters notified by the government of India for the purpose of providing assistance under state disaster response fund. See, NDRF is set up at national level under the Disaster Management Act 2005. So it has a statutory backing as well. Note that every state will have a state disaster response fund. This means that we have an NDRF at national level and the SDRF at the state level. Now we'll see how funds are allocated for NDRF. Know that the NDRF is mainly funded through the National Calamity Condigency Duty NCCD. See, this duty is imposed on some specific goods like tobacco, petroleum products and etc. If more funds are required, then it is met through budget provisions of the parliament. Also remember, the funds under NDRF is managed under public accounts of India and specifically under the category reserve fund not bearing interest. Here the term reserve funds not bearing interest means the government of India is not liable to pay any interest for these funds. Now let's see how the funds are utilized. See, for receiving the NDRF funds, states are required to submit a memorandum indicating the sector-wise damage. The central government assesses the damage and then gives the additional fund to states. Remember, financial assistance from NDRF is only for providing immediate relief and is not compensation for loss or damage to properties or crops. In other words, NDRF money can be spent only for emergency response relief and rehabilitation and it cannot be used for compensating the losses created by disaster. These are certain important points that you have to remember about NDRF. So these learnt points. Now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Look at this news article. According to the news article, Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M.K. Stalin and Kerala's Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan released a special book to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Vaikom Satyagraha. So in this background, let us understand some of the facts about Vaikom Satyagraha in problems perspective. Firstly, let us begin with the origin of the movement. See, this Satyagraha happened in the princely state of Trivancore. The Trivancore state on that time had a ruthless caste system with rigid social norms and customs. Lower-caste like the Elavas and Pulayas were considered polluting and there were many rules to put them in distance from upper caste. They were prohibited to enter temples and even they were not allowed to walk on the roads surrounding temples. So in order to protest this caste discrimination only, Vaikom Satyagraha was organized. Now moving on to see the important leaders involved in this Satyagraha. See, in 1923, Congress party meeting in Kakinada is the place where the issue of caste discrimination was first raised by T.K. Madhavan. Then a committee was formed in Kerala comprising people of various castes to fight untouchability. The committee comprised of K. Keelepan, T.K. Madhavan, Velaayu the Menon and T.R. Krishna Swami Ayer. This committee was formed. Keelepan was the chairman of the committee. So what happened in February 1924 is that the committee decided to launch a struggle called Kerala Pariyatanam in order to urge temple entry and to allow usage of public roads to all Hindus regardless of caste. The Satyagrahaes made the batches of three people together and they tried to enter the temple. They were resistered and arrested by the local police. Important leaders like Gandhi and Srinagarayana Guru supported the movement. Finally, on October 1924, a petition was submitted to the Queen of Trivancore. The petition had about 25,000 signatures for allowing the temple entry. In 1925, except for the eastern gate, all the gates of the temple were opened to Hindus regardless of the caste. In 1928, backward classes also got the right to use public roads around the temple in Trivancore. So it was after the popularity of this Satyagraha, many such movement against untouchability were organised all over India. So these are all some of the very important points that I have to remember about Vaikom Satyagraha. So with these learnt points, now let us move on to the next news article discussion. This news article talks about the crisis in Sudan. See, there has been crisis in Sudan since 2022. The crisis is mainly due to the power struggle between General Abdel Fata Burhan who heads the Sudanese army and General Mohammad Hamdan Dagalu who heads the rapid support force RSF which is a paramilitary group. The news article here is that as the RSF is rapidly expanding south, the citizens of Sudan have been asked to carry weapons. This is the crux of the news article given here. So in this context, let us understand about Sudan in Prillam's perspective. See, as you can see in this map, Sudan is located in northeast in Africa. Sudan shares its border with seven countries that includes Libya, Egypt, Chad, Central African Republic, South Sudan, Ethiopia and Eritrea. In addition to these seven countries, Sudan also borrows the Red Sea. So Sudan is not a landlocked country. Talking about the geographical features of Sudan, Sudan is mainly composed of plain and plateaus. In the west, there is the Darfur Highlands which includes the Mara Mountains and the Taiga Plateaus. In the east, there is Ethiopian Plateaus and the Red Sea Hills. The central and the northern region has flat relief. In the north, there is the Libyan Desert and Nubian Desert. In India, we have a local wind called Loo. Likewise, the dry north regions of Sudan experiences a dust storm. The name of the dust storm is Habub. Remember, the famous Nile River passes through Sudan in the north-south direction. The blue Nile and the white Nile merges and forms the Nile River just north of Khartoum. Khartoum is the capital of Sudan. Sudan has two important national parks. They are the Dinder National Park and the Radon National Park. Dinder National Park is located in the south-eastern part of Sudan and it is drained by the tributaries of the blue Nile River. The random national park is located in the south-western part. Both these national parks are part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserve. These are all certain important facts that you have to remember about Sudan. So these learnt points, let us move on to the next part of the news article discussion which is the preliminary practice question discussion. Look at this first question. Three statements about a mediator are given. You have to find how many statements given here are correct. Statement one says it was performed exclusively by men. The statement is wrong. The dance was collectively performed by villagers and not just men. Now the second statement says it is an integral part of Onam celebration in Kerala. This statement is also incorrect. Mudiyehti was generally performed during harvesting season in rural areas and it is not specifically associated with Onam festival. Now the third statement says it is included under UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage List. This is a correct statement. So the correct answer for this question is option A only one. Moving on, which of the following is the significant aspect of Vaikom Satyagarka? The correct answer here is option D, protest against caste discrimination. See whenever a question like this comes, you better go from the last option. Most probably the last option would be the correct one. Now the third question is about NDMA. Three statements are given. I have to find how many statements given here is all correct. Statement one says it is a statutory body under the Disaster Management Act of 2005. This statement is correct. The chairman of NDMA is Union Home Minister. This statement is incorrect. It is headed by Prime Minister. Statement three says it implements state specific plans to disaster management across the country. This statement is also incorrect. It does not implement state specific plans. It only provides guidelines and frameworks for disaster management at national level. Moving on, this is a power based question. On the left side dams are given and on the right side rivers are given. You have to find how many paths are correctly matched. First one says grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam White Nile. This path is incorrect. It is across the Blue Nile in Ethiopia. Statement two says Jebel Aulia Dam Blue Nile. This statement is also incorrect. It is constructed across White Nile in Sudan. Third statement says Aswan Dam Nile. This statement is correct. Aswan Dam is built across the Nile River in Egypt. Fourth pair says Kohora Bassa Dam Zambezi River. This pair is also correct. This particular dam is constructed across Zambezi River in Mozambique. So the correct answer here is option B only two. Only two paths are correct here. The main question for today's discussion is displayed here. You can go through it, write an answer and post it in the comment section. With this we came to the end of the news article discussion. If you like the video hit like, do comment and don't forget to subscribe and share it with your friends.


Influence is when you leave the room when you move beyond the moment of listening to someone, it abides in you. It sort of imprints on you. That's what's called influence. Influence is the accumulation of social capital. How much of that do you have? Social capital is what you build by showing up in people's world as your authentic self with something you're bringing to serve us with.


Oh Byron bucks in one oh one down with that on the laundry tag auto. That's fire.  He is a freak on the field He's a freak Very nice. It's pretty dope. That's awesome. That is awesome


Everybody for syrup in 2023 Phoenix and prism football hobby for box version number one a random teams. Good luck on the random get started here Ten times Name's first one two three four five six seven eight nine and ten Jason oh down to Hanobie and ten times on the teams one two three four five six seven eight nine and ten Raiders down to Jets Jason oh Raiders ching L Cowboys and Nicole Titans price with Saints James C. Chiefs Greggy Chargers Jeff s Lions Ben L Bengals Jason B Falcons Tom B Steelers Victor S Broncos Mark K Jags Brian a Vikings Hunter R Dolphin Stephen K Ravens Greg H Patriots Victor S Commanders Jonathan L Bills Dave M Texans John D Bears Carmelo Cardinals Simon has the Eagles Joel J Packers Wayne P 49ers Jacob G Giants Tai G Bucks Joshua K Rams Rossi Seahawks Bruce B Panthers Dustin G Colts Billy F Browns Hano with the Jets Lions botched it dude Now you're uh now you're the thick of it three Phoenix in one prison here. Good luck everybody Lava at TN for the Jaguars out of 150 Fincaid on the teal hot route circuit for the bills. It's out of 150 Silver pitmen for the Colts followed by a Ishaan Robinson on the Playing with fire orange rookie insert a 75 Falcons Thunderbirds DK Metcalf Silver and a redemption is Jalen Carter for the Eagles Fireforge Peterson there Jalen Carter Eagles Eagles former Apopka blue daughter Yep from Apopka Tyson's best friends Right since best friends no 299 Zay flowers rookie Jersey card Ravens Don't jump. Well, they're screwing rookie blue number 235 for the Seahawks. Nice weather spoon Addison contours What happened to a joke he's like He was all the parents. Yeah, orange to 99 Ricky Kendrick Miller for the Saints. Yeah, wasn't he like cooking or grilling or something? And it somehow it like flamed up into rookie red Joey Porto Jr. For the Steelers out of 250 Probably the last one Chris probably just nothing Ricky Silver fired up Zay flowers The Ravens Devonte Adams hot routes pink out of 175 He's on Robinson at least in a product like Phoenix Again, they flipped him a man. I'm so bad to Ricky Silver Addison Vikings orange Christian Watson for the Packers out of 75 Any Lions fans in the chat? What in it? It's a 50 Devin White Jersey autograph bucks. Go box fire the cannons Jameer Gibbs on the rookie rising for the Lions Rookie color bear city brown for the Eagles Pink TJ Watts out 175 for the Steelers silver to a Playing with fire red Josh Jacobs Raiders out of 199 That is pink flamethrower Russell Wilson. You can do 175 problems. You cannot drop that Drop to pass the cat out on their down that's who third down drops. I would have been first down I want to talk about right in the chest.  I understand Terry McLaurin out of 125 for the Commanders White receivers God to feel that's two drops on third down. What have been first down? Playing with fire Justin Fields bears horrible drop number to 20 Marvin Mims rookie autograph for the Broncos in a will Anderson Ricky rising Especially after they just scored my nose switch bang Yeah, it's I'm saying Wait, they did down as the one not a sand touch back. They thought they downed as the one DTR to 75 Ricky Jersey card Browns. Oh, sorry Kelly. Whoa wait five seconds. Oh said a 99 night I'm sorry. Oh bad RPC could have definitely took that in for a touchdown for sure. Hey, no, rookie pink Number to 199 Saints Yeah, RPC on the field.  Yeah, they're definitely detroitting it up right now. Do you red hot routes? That's their red hot routes is Jaden Reed Packers Silver rookie Jaren Hall for the Vikings Lava rookie Tyler Scott bears that one's number to 175 Chase Brown out of Yep, rookie Jersey auto bangles bang bang color burst cowboy CD lamb game's definitely not over on a DK Osama rookie purple for the Chiefs out of Detroitting is That's fair that's fair. Yeah, this is an overachievement for help for the Dolphins Michael mayor rookie blue to 35 going on the Raiders Joaquin memoir that was about Detroiting That he does Jalen Carter rookie rising for the Eagles here red to one out of nine red Brian branch rookie for the Lions One of the Spencer's sworn How you just get the last name Albuquerque, what were they thinking? You know what that city that's a fire name you're lucky to walk about a walking story Cannon yards down when young down the line. That's that's rough, too Lava craft rookie for the Packers out of 175 I will say that Sean doesn't talk a ton of trash like after the fact of people I rub it in But when he sees Spencer if they lose this game, dude, he will rip them. Oh my goodness. Yes, so we're wondering Stevenson I'm holding up the sign in honor Pink Devontae Adams out of 175 for the Raiders Everyone has that friend youth a die-hard fan and just always just come over silver rice rookie Chiefs yellow rookie Foskey 75 Saints You're the mayor of the Albuquerque nice So the third quarter this game needs to end already. I'm just kidding. It's a joke guys. It's a joke. Terry McLaurin numbers game autograph There's only one more full game of football after this one Mander's there on a DK was on a rookie auto as well baseball sees and You want to watch that new league Baseball started the perfect time don't worry color burst rookie can see for the Bucks Vontae Adams out of 125 for the Raiders probably Teremona tequila With a probe I said football game what about it Probles play with fire fields got red Pierce for the Texans that's flag football. We don't count the 199 I said that earlier though divorce. It's like it doesn't count Pink Drake London Thunderbirds London on the track to 175 Falcons Aqua fields for the Bears number to 150. God Gibbs rookie rising alliance Silver Chandrace with Eagles Purple mohomes for the Chiefs Out of 99. Yeah, but aren't the activities like different now and they used to be They try some new every year Like no one really liked that.  I like the Super Bowl. Those are like a cross products and zone fumble used Jersey All right, blue wave to 199 as Dion Sanders for the Falcons ranching Jones Blue ice Josh Allen those fireworks 99 for the Vils. I like those a lot Orange the 249 Vikings KJ Osborne Roshan and Keon White Blue wave to 199 mark has about that scantling for the Chiefs Regas and Johnson Silver Jerome Ford for the Browns Paris Johnson jr. Rookie autograph for the Cardinals Tank Dell say shroud fireworks insert for the Texans Hyper to 175 Bateman for the Ravens Tune and O'Connell Silver for the Rams Matthew Stafford purplish the 225 Jamo for the Lions Hyper rookie Sean Clifford Packers out of 175 Where you see and a hand and hooker prism break silver Jackson Smith and Jigler for the Seahawks Vinny test the verdict a 149 in the auto for the Jets Hook on a Kua Tyler Scott purple to 125 CD lamb Cowboys Anderson and Forbes Silver for Tampa Bay Chris Godwin bucks orange the 249 rookie Dotson for the Chargers Prism flashback Matthew Stafford Rams Purple ice after it Jonathan Taylor Colt number to 225 Silver rookie Devon a chain for the Dolphins red wave Jamar Chase the 1 to 49 go into the Bengals That'll do it for the break got relics of Zay flowers DTR Zay flowers Autos of test the very day Paris Johnson John's Ray Swift McLauren On a TKO Zama Chase Brown Marvin Mims Devon white and an Eagles redemption from Phoenix with Jalen Carter Thanks, everybody. Make sure number two coming up next


Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. It's a great pleasure and honor to talk to you this morning Especially since of all the speakers I looked through the list I'm probably the one who had the least exposure to Murray Rothbard. In fact, I met him only once I looked up the date was November 26 1994 Okay That was when I I had just was in the process of finishing my doctoral dissertation and it was an Austrian Dissertation which did not find much applause for my research director so my my girlfriend at the time my wife now Natalie here. She had the good sense as well. Maybe she'll get in touch with people who actually like what you're doing so She she sent me to to the US. So I took part in this this conference was 1994 Was a conference in honor of Henry Haslett's 100th birthday. He had died the year before at the age of 99 in the in Essex house and Was the closest place I could get to the US so I went there was under very adventurous Circumstances I flew with Pakistan Airlines and because I did have no budget. I stayed in Harlem 125th Street and Lenox. Okay. Yeah, so so when you're young, you have no money You need to be a risk taker when you're old and other factors that come into place So that was the the only time I met him and I'll say a few words later on about this and Actually, but I have one connection that is much much stronger than any of the other speakers to Rothbard Which is that I possess his tie And so this is this is a relic. This is a Rothbard relic. It's his wife Joanne who gave it to me Water block yet. Yes. They have this joke. We were sitting in the bus and said well I actually shook me's his hand and I I didn't wash it ever since So when you come and shake my hand, you'll have The touch with Danny went to the washroom. He said now I've washed it now. It's too late Well, I didn't shake. Well, I shook a Rothbard sand and but I also got his tie from from his wife for reasons Which we cannot fully explain but I mean she must have had a good sense Yeah, to give it to me rather than you Well, it's a great pleasure to be with you here, it's As in for an academic it's rather rare to have the opportunity to speak to non academics because this is what academic academics do most of the time to talk to each other on On on subjects that interest about five people in the world Of course, sometimes you have a different setting Academics talk at political rally rallies and so on but this is also not quite the same thing because the political rallies or political Parties and so on are actually large movements to Rip off other people. All right, so it's there's no personal commitment. There's no Contributions people don't start at the wrong end, right? They want that everybody else changes so that everybody else pays them rather than starting with themselves and us themselves. What could I do? Personally to make this place this world a better place And that's of course the right thing to do and it's for me It's a great honor and I'm always awestruck if I look at individual careers of all the people who are in this room What they've accomplished in there and their lives and on top of this You are interested in The foundation of a free society which are ideas and you're ready to commit to to help Institutions, especially the Mises Institute who is the foremost institution in the defense of what we cherish so much Namely a free society. So I'm very happy to be here My talk is supposed to deal with how Rothbard crosses the pond or Rothbard has crossed The pond because as a matter of fact today Rothbard is known all over the world and they're young people Reading Rothbard studying Rothbard and especially that's the most important thing developing right the ideas of Rothbard criticizing Rothbard applying Rothbard's ideas to to new problems Solving the problems of our day One of the worst things that can happen to an intellectual movement is that it turns into some sort of a museum Right, so you you just look at the Great Master and says, oh, yes And you roll out the prayer carpet and then say yes, yes great master And you you don't tolerate the slightest deviants from the recital of the words of the great master and so on That's a sure sign of brain death, right? So you're close and we don't have this this is one of the wonderful things of the Mises Institute and The movement at the center of which it is that we don't have this kind of problem So Rothbard is today all over the world. How did it come? What were the circumstances that brought this about? Yeah, so here again, I can relate a little bit out of my own experience 1994 But I'll say a few words of how the world was in 1994 and how the world was before 1994 So in my own case, I did not come to Austrian economics through Rothbard I came to Austrian economics through Mises and I did not discover Mises in Germany where I was Born and did my studies but in France out of all places Okay, so France is rather more socialistic both in intellectual orientation and in actual policy than Germany by But I had the good fortune. I was probably an accident But I had the good fortune anyway to to study for a year in France and I was studying with an economist who was very enthusiastic Pedagogue in the good sense of the word. So he understood his main task not as inculcating any predefined ideas into our heads but in raising enthusiasm in our minds for research you wanted to Have us Do carry on research and develop the science and so on in whatever field We might be attracted to this is very rare But so I had the good fortune coming of this man and he was very curious great intellectual curiosity was not an Austrian at all But he had read his name was Claude Couture and he died shortly after I met him He had me read two books that had been published in in France in French translations at the time one of which Was a book with essays by Murray Rothbard Believe it or not 1991. So there was this book that had the title Economist a charlatan economists and charlatans It was not a rock part who made up this title was the translator as a man with the name of Francois Guillaume He's still around very anti idiosyncratic person, but he had discovered Rothbard in In the 1980s and had become an enthusiastic follower and promoter of Rothbard thought in France and Francois is a very brilliant brilliant man is a very wide-ranging interest he is a splendid speaker and had an enormous outbirth of Energy in in the 1980s and 1990s since translating. I don't know how many books but among These books were this one by Rothbard, which contained essays such as a reconstruction of utility and welfare economics Few essays on the epistemology of Economics and things like this. So this was my first exposure to Rothbard my first exposure to Austrian economics So it came there, but this not did not make me an Austrian It it spiked my interest so then I would when I go on to read Hayek and then I discovered Mises and Mises was Somebody who Impressed me very strongly because Mises said this depth that is so absent in most of the economics Profession because he reaches from the epistemological foundations to the applications of the theory So the entire corpus of economic theory and then with various applications But build on a philosophical foundation, which he which is original also with him So this I didn't know at the time, but I sense this depth So when I started off my doctoral studies, I would read Mises in more detail and when I read this theory of money and credit This would convert me and make me an Austrian economist that I only want to do Research based on this because this for some strange reason has been neglected in the science Right where people just don't know it for somebody that has been forgotten and all I this is a huge opportunity a huge Market niche for me and because all the other people have Simply they ignore this all I need to do as well to tell them. This is how it is and All doors will flung open because this is the right approach Yeah, so it was a little bit naive But yeah, so this was what made to Austrian economics and then when I studied Mises more systematically once I was through His major work, then I started tackling the other authors. So I came to Rothbard and So I still remember how I took many column in state out of the University bookshelves because the book was present at several university libraries in in Germany At the technical University of Berlin where I was there was a copy So I took the book and I spend quite a substantial time reading it And then I put it back on the shelves Very irritated and also slightly in in in disgust because Rothbard he had this very weird way of tackling Economics he would in the second chapter of the book. He would suddenly talk about property rights Okay, no economist does this no economist talk talks about I mean today We have a discipline called law and economics. So there's sometimes you talk about property rights But only to explain how property rights should be From an economic point of view, right? So you should give property rights to those people who maximize social welfare or whatever coming out of this with a very perverse Way of thinking about property rights. So Rothbard has this in this book and I was completely unprepared to even consider the The merit that this might have in an economics book and then of course there was this political radicalism Which was very shocking to me. I mean I was a good European after all and so so pretty much a social democrat and Then in me this of course in human action he talks about the consequences of government interventionism, but He wouldn't get the impression that he's Libertarian or some libertarian agenda, but in Rothbard it's pretty strong And this yeah, this shocked me as well. So I was not prepared to well To base my readings and my research on Rothbard, but I returned to him a few years later I think the situation was similar for most people at the time the reason is Rooted in a very simple psychological fact that if you have somebody Propounding views that are unconventional and especially lead to political conclusions that are unfamiliar You are likely to reject it on the ground simply to say well this if this at any merit then it would be better known right Of course, there's a circular reasoning right? It's like the old voucher Marx jokes, right? I would never join a club that would exact me as a member Is a little similar there But but still right there is a sort of conviction that comes with success and when you see okay There are professors who actually do not consider it to be the nonsense But to take this seriously and who build on it. That's completely different thing if they institutes Research institutions who are Actively discussing this and teaching this to students is a very different thing But this didn't exist in 1994 It only existed a few years later so by 1994 there were very few Rothbardians of course also in the US, but Even even less outside of Europe some people had found their way accidentally to to Rothbard Because they Had for some reason known about option economics and then went to give the United States to study there one early example is Hans Sennals I became a professor in Grove City College and he went to the United States because he didn't Couldn't imagine building a career building a life in Germany after after the war And the only thing he had heard he had studied economics and got a doctoral degree in in Cologne at the University of Cologne That the only thing he had heard about option economics was well, there's this Mises guy who's a sharp Jew Sounds rather pleonastic, but oh anyway, and And another example is a Frenchman none of whom you don't know is a good friend of mine Philippe Natas, so he went to to France in the late 1960s and he studied with then also Grove City College They got a doctoral degree with with Sennals He also taught at the summer University about 15 years ago and And Hans Hopper of course so Hans Hopper discovered Mises independently In the in the mid 1970s. There was nobody there to there was no classes on Mises. There was no Seminars in Austrian economics no conferences and so on and he well by by some references That he found in in the academic literature So found his way to Mises and then from there to to Rothbard eventually so there were no Conferences there was no organization No associations, right? There were of course Libertarians in a wider sense in Europe But they were most strongly influenced by by Hayek Not by Mises for Reasons which after all are quite superficial but so they were there that it's simply because Hayek got a Nobel Prize in 1974 so this carried a lot of weight is again the success that the conviction that comes with success and There were institutions such as Whether it was in Prague Was a Liberali Institute which was created after 1989 At the same time there was also in Vilnius and Lithuania Libertarian think tank what was created but all of these initially at least they were very strongly under the influence of Hayek rather than of Mises and if not under the influence of Mises then of course certainly not under the influence of Rothbard so By the early 1990s there were various beginnings Especially another wake of the collapse of socialism, but there was no Rothbard has not had not yet crossed the pond Rather what happened rather was that those who liked Rothbard crossed the pond or had crossed the pond and had come to the United States So I think I was one of the first who crossed the pond in the other direction and started spreading Rothbard's idea because it's by 1994 I Had become convinced Contrary to my earlier readings that Rothbard indeed was the true heir of Mises as professor Salerno has just explained to us And that he has a lot of important things to To tell us that should be known by a wide public that moreover Rothbard has qualities that Mises did not have One of which is the brilliant ability as a writer Rothbard has this very rare ability among Economists, but academics more generally that he has great depth and great clarity and you know that very often depth And in clarity are supposed not to go together right so people look into the ground They say well this must be shallow because I see to the ground and if they look at some some Muddy pond they think well must be deep because I cannot see to the ground Doesn't mean that there might be not some waters that are both muddy and deep But of course, they're not very interesting because you spend most of your time filtering So in Rothbard you have this you have this depth and you have Great great clarity. So it's it's it's an enormously powerful tool to spread the ideas of Libertarian philosophy and the virtues of a free society that we have with Rothbard's writings So returning them back to Europe. I Translated two works into German that had not been I think was the first two German Rothbard translations. I translated the ethics of liberty And I translated what has government done to our money and Both books are still in print the ethics of liberty in the German edition is the third edition What is government done to our money has a very nice title is the shine gel system the fake money system It's actually it's a word play because what shine what it means both note It's a note, but it also means just outer appearance and appearance. So it's a shine gelt the appearance money system the fake money system and so this is in the fifth fifth edition and both books since then right so have been translated in Into what are ten other European? Languages so they're made there around The big but of course This is nothing right so this this would not have spread Rothbard's idea significantly in Europe and across the rest of the world What really brought turn things around Was the was the rise of the internet so as from 1995 the rise of the internet combined with great entrepreneurship in the Among the leaders of the Mises Institute, of course who Rockwell in particular who Rockwell immediately seized on this opportunity and Built the communication strategy of the Mises Institute on the internet and also created his own separate Enterprise who Rockwell comm Then there was Jeff Tucker at the time working for the Institute was Splendid a genius of marketing and he understood all the possibilities that came with Using the internet as a communications tool So this is what really what boosted the the presence of of the Mises Institute and the ideas of Rothbard Mises Hopper Solano and and so on all over the world And this is what then also a greatly increased our attractiveness for foreign students To our teaching programs. All right, so I Don't know exactly what the composition was of the Mises Summer University by 1992, but probably it was something like 80% Americans, right? Right and some 20% Foreigners and by the time I had Joined the crowd so we're talking about 1996 97th or the first year of the internet We already had almost half of the people coming from abroad and today We have so many people applying for the summer University from outside of the US that it's impossible for us to take them all Okay Plus we have these teaching programs in which we we have taught and will continue to teach the professors of tomorrow all over the world right so we have the Graduate program for doctoral students during the summer people coming to the Mises Institute and you're spending two months on their research projects and Out of this program that we have created in 1999 I don't know how many that literally dozens of professors who have turned out of the program who are teaching today Not only in the US, but all of the rest of the place Well, ladies and gentlemen, this this is how finally Rothbard crossed the pond Right, so we had both conditions. We had this brilliant writer who just was not largely acknowledged enough and who finally Obtained the audience that he deserved so much and in exchange gave to the world all that he had to give With us Books and with us articles and they're like contributed to to a better world. I think also thanks to you. Thank you very much


Welcome to this talk on climate change and drought in a global perspective. This talk is part of the GIS course on Agmox. My name is Balaji. I work for the Commonwealth of Learning based in Vancouver in Canada. At the end of this talk, you would have learned about the intergovernmental panel on climate change and its reports. You would have learned what the IPCC forecasts about extreme events in particular about drought. You would also have learned that GIS can be an important tool in strategy planning and adaptation in relation to extreme events. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change by its very name is an association of governments. It is hosted by the United Nations agencies. The IPCC provides the scientific basis for all statements about the impacts of climate change and their extent. IPCC also provides information on potential strategies, especially strategies for adaptation. IPCC's work is known to the world through its assessment reports, which are published periodically. The last report appeared in 2014. It's called the fifth assessment report. Now, the report is actually a collection of many, many, many volumes. They all arise from the efforts of three working groups, each of which will have hundreds of top-level experts from all over the world. The working group, too, is important in our perspective. This group deals with impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Their report, which is part of the bigger report of 2014, has a summary for policymakers, which I would request all of you to read, study very closely. We are able to take home some very important statements from this particular report. One is that extreme events due to climate change will have great impact on sectors that are linked to climate, but are also very important to the survival of human beings. One is water, the other is agriculture and food security, forestry, which is also linked to agriculture and food security. Health and tourism. In other words, extreme events can directly impact human life. One extreme event is that temperature increases, substantial warming will occur throughout the 21st century. This is one area where IPCC experts have very high confidence in their forecast. The other extreme event relates to rainfall. The IPCC forecast that frequency of heavy precipitation will increase in the 21st century over many areas of the globe. Although it is not scientifically established, we are able to see this pattern in many countries, including India, where back in September or December 2015, the southern city of Chennai experienced very heavy rainfall, something like 440 millimeters in a span of 24 hours, leading to huge floods. That's about rainfall. Extreme events now include drought, and droughts will intensify in the 21st century in some seasons and areas. This is of course due to reduced precipitation. We spoke about heavy rainfall, but reduced precipitation is also going to occur. In other words, we will have reduced precipitation as well as heavy rainfall quite possibly occurring in the same place, if not in the same season. Now drought is important to us, and we have been studying that in over several talks in this particular course. What the IPCC experts say is that local level adaptation is important. They point out that strong efforts at the international levels do not necessarily lead to substantive and effective results at the local level, and they are very highly confident that international efforts alone will not translate into important local results. The IPCC experts also recommend that local knowledge should be integrated with scientific and technological knowledge to improve opportunities for reducing disaster risks and to speed up climate change adaptation. Now, we are reaching the end of this talk. What do we know so far? That there are IPCC assessment reports that provide scientific basis for climate change, and there are key assessments on which total agreement takes us. Drought will increase in frequency, and that local adaptation requires integration of local information with scientific and technological information. That international efforts are not adequate to guarantee local adaptation. So local information is important, local adaptation is important, and this is the conclusion of IPCC experts who have been drawn from all over the world. Drought is at the center of our attention. Drought will increase in frequency. Drought mitigation adaptation requires a number of local strategies and integration of local information with scientific and technological information. Thank you.