Same as Reshek, and I use Signal, as many of you here, and I've been using Signal for a long while. In fact, I have asked, pushed, convinced, and implored my friends, family, and colleagues to also use Signal, as many of you have here. Who has actually pushed their friends, family, et cetera, to use Signal? Yeah, okay. Was it easy? It was work, right? It was like, you had to put in some elbow grease. And I'm happy to say I was pretty effective at it, too. So that's good. And just to make it very clear, I do appreciate the free and quite solid service that Signal offers. And I still recommend it to people whose threat model has the shape that Signal kind of fits into. I also think that valid criticism is necessary for a healthy ecosystem, whether the ecosystem is moving or not. And criticizing Signal seems to often be wrought with peril. Talking about its problems often can end up in pushing people to way worse solutions. I'm not gonna name them Telegram, but this is a real problem, right? We cannot have those conversations very often in the public because there's a danger that people will misinterpret them and move to something that is actually actively putting them in danger. But thankfully, we are at a place and time where I think it is reasonable to assume that most of us can somehow figure out that maybe we can criticize a tool and still probably use it because it's still probably better or almost certainly better than most of the similar tools available and popular. So maybe we could have this conversation now. And when I say a conversation, I mean it. We're gonna have a conversation.  One of the reasons for this is because this is my only slide. That's all you get. Everything else is me talking and then hopefully you talking and then magic might happen. So just to make it very clear, if at any point during this exercise, anyone here gets an urge to switch to WhatsApp, Telegram, or I was not supposed to name them, sorry, to some other tools and platforms, please wait a bit and just let's have a conversation later because threat models differ and all of that, right? But I do consider most of those tools lesser to signal outside very specific circumstances. Yeah, okay, so I'm just a random guy from the internets. Hi, and I have my opinions. So I will lay out those opinions on you. It is very important to understand that I have not designed a global system of communication that hundreds of millions of people are using successfully to evade and stay private and all of that. So take all of everything that I say with a solid amount of salt. Salt also improves flavor, so it might make actually palatable what I'm saying. So I also have this crazy idea that this should not just be my opinions because that will be boring. Does anyone here have strong opinions about signal? Only that, yeah, okay, we'll see what happens after a little bit later. So in December 2019, at 3063 at the Congress, Moxie gave a talk imaginatively entitled Ecosystem Is Moving, which was exactly the same title he used for a blog post here three years prior about exactly the same subject and basically having exactly the same content. However, this talk came and went and then there was the Q&A session where five microphones had aligned each mile long. Or a kilometer long or however you want to measure the length of the line. And I think only three questions were asked and then the Q&A was shut down. So what I would like to do is to have this Q&A now. We didn't get to have this Q&A with Moxie, so I would like to give the opportunity to have this Q&A with me. I'm not going to answer like Moxie would have, but I think it's a conversation that we should have had and we never got to have. And I find that annoying. So I would like to propose somewhat of a reverse talk where the Q&A will start basically immediately. If anyone has an opinion to share already, please step up to the microphone and we'll go from there. I hope that this will offer a little bit of group therapy because I do feel that we were denied this conversation. I do feel we have things bottled in or inside about signal and I think it would be useful to share them. Last disclaimer, I promise, I know those disclaimers are mile long again. This is all I'm saying is my personal opinions. I'm not doing a threat analysis or threat modeling or a proper audit of signal in any sense of the word. This is just one guy from the Internet talking about his opinions about signal and hopefully more people will join and we will have this group therapy together. So I'll start because I already am with the microphone. I will say that personally my biggest gripe with signal is that it is a centralized service. It is a good service, it is a useful service, it is effective in what it does, but it's still a centralized service. Of course, Moxie has given very good reasons for it and all of those reasons boil basically down to control. He feels or that's what he says and writes that he just needs to have the control or signal developers have to have control over the ecosystem and over the app. And the basic argument goes something like this, making sure that signal keeps working on all the platforms it supports is already a lot of work and that's true. Adding federation to the mix, adding the ability to say, oh, anyone can set up a server and these servers will talk to any other signal server and you will be able to have accounts on your own server and talk to other servers. That adds a layer of complexity and it would make it even more difficult to roll out new features and important bug fixes and all of that. And the argument continues, in effect competing with WhatsApp and telegrams of this world would not be possible or would not be as easy or well as... It would be way more difficult. And of course, Moxie is not wrong, right? It would make it more difficult. Adding federation to the mix would in fact make things more complicated and it would make it harder to innovate fast. That said, anyone is familiar with the phrase move fast and break things? Does it have a good vibe? It has... It leaves a bad taste in your mouth, I think. I don't think tools and services as important as signal and I think we can all agree that signal is pretty important and maybe some of us can agree that signal is effectively infrastructure for many of us. It's not just a service we use. For many of us, it is part of our infrastructure that we're using every day. I don't think we want our infrastructure to be managed in the move fast and break things manner, right? I think we might agree on that. And also, yes, not using... Not adding federation makes things a little bit easier, but you know what would also make things easier? Not adding encryption, right? It would be way easier to write signal if there was no encryption in it. That's a level of complexity, so I think it's not a question of shying away from complexity. It is a choice that was made, right? And I don't think that's a very good choice. Of course, Moxie says that these things are difficult and complex and to some extent impossible, perhaps. And then there's matrix and then there's the FedEverse like plenty of federated decentralized protocols that are able to innovate, right? Are able to move on, are able to add things, you know, have multiple clients that are not tightly controlled by a single organization, can have multiple servers that are controlled not by a single organization, and yet they move on, they add features, they make exciting things, right? And of course, neither matrix or FedEverse are exactly in the same niche as signal, but they are still an example of protocols that are able to do this, right? Another thing that was mentioned in his talk at 3063 was reliability as a reason for centralization, right? He gave this convoluted example of, oh no, what if one server goes down and then pulls all the servers down together? And that's a weird example to give if you're talking about a federated service, because I don't know about you, but if an email server goes down somewhere randomly in the world, and I'm pretty sure this happens all the time, that doesn't really affect my ability to use email unless it is my email server or the email server that my account is on or the person that I'm talking to, right? So it is interesting to me that the argument of reliability is used in the context of a centralized service, which is in effect a monoculture, right? Monocultures are not resilient. Monocultures tend to have problems because they are a monoculture, whereas a decentralized ecosystem of servers and services that talk to each other but are not run by the same organization are not using exactly the same software tends to be a little bit more resilient even if some part of those servers are always perhaps down, right? And finally for this part, as much as Moxie likes to use email as an example of a protocol, quote-unquote, stuck in the 90s, the fact that it is a protocol that has been serving us for half a century already, like email has been with us for half a century. Is there here anyone who is older than that? Okay, that's a bad question. Ignore that. Let's ignore that. So the fact that this is a protocol that has been serving us well for what it is used for, for half a century, that's some staying power, right? Meanwhile, we can, I think, all imagine or remember many, many different protocols and systems and centralized services that went away over the last 10 years, 20 years, right? Like text secure, thank you. Wait, oh no. Thank you. No, like Google+, for example, right? Anybody remembers Google+,? Yes, anybody remembers Google+, fondly? Thank you. I'll arrest my case. So, hey, you are warned, this is a rant. So, there is also a comment from Moxie. This was supposed to be about signal and it's about Moxie. Well, that happens. A comment from Moxie in a GitHub thread about liver signal. So do you remember, anyone remembers liver signal? Anybody used liver signal? Anyone? Yeah, okay, there are people. Anyone remembers liver signal fondly? Yeah, there's a hand, there's a hand. Yay, okay, okay, yes. So the comment is, and that was about blocking liver signal from using signals servers, right? The comment is, I'm not okay with liver signal using our servers and I'm not okay with liver signal using the name signal. Okay, fair. You're free to use our source code for whatever you would like under the terms of the license, but you're not entitled to use our name and the service that we run. If you think running service is difficult and expensive, you're right. Ask yourself why you feel entitled for us to run them for your product. I have an answer to this, actually, that I came up with finally. And the answer is, again, who here has pushed, talked, conversed, suggested, et cetera, people to use signal? And how much work was this? Who here was paid by signal to do this? Thank you. Again, I rest my case, right? This is, the point is, this is an ecosystem, right? This is a community. And I think makers of signal try to treat this as a product and customers. Yes, we get the service for free. That is absolutely true. Many of us donate to signal also, right? Who has donated to signal? Yay. Okay, right? So not everyone gets this for free, but there's also a lot of work that we have put into making signal what it is today, right? This is not a one-sided thing. This is not a company that makes a product that people use or not use, right? This is supposedly a community. This is a free and open-source software project. And this is one of the reasons why many of us have been suggesting it, pushing it, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera, to other people. And that is free work, right? That we're donating to signal. Another thing, and another thing, another side of centralization is not just the federated side, right? It's not just, like, can I run my own server? But it's also, can I run a different client for signal? Like LibreSignal, right? Like WhisperFish on selfish OS, which there is no official signal client for selfish OS, right? Like many other potential, I think there was a MOLI-IM, which was also a signal-compatible client, right? It isn't anymore, unfortunately. And so the other side of centralization is the client side, right? I would like to be able to choose a different client, right? Why would I like to maybe perhaps be able to choose a different signal client, especially on the desktop? I don't know. I don't know. I remember sitting and staring at this screen for five minutes once. Like five minutes, there was no major update. It just decided, you know what? We have time. It's fine, right? No rush, your messages will arrive eventually, you know, let's be a little bit zen about this. So I would like to be able to choose a different client because maybe a different client will have also additional features, right? Wait, innovation can happen in a situation where there are other players? That is shocking to me, I think, right? But also I would like to be able to choose a different client in a situation where the client that I am using has removed some features or changed its behavior in a way that I find annoying, right? Let's say a feature gets removed that you've relied on for whatever reason, right? Signal developers decide, you know what? It's too difficult to keep it in the code right now for us. But why block this ability, like why block other developers from doing this, right? Why say, you know what?  Why not, right? It's not big of a deal for us. No, you cannot do this, right? Or let's say a signal client removes a translation in the language, in your native language, right? And you cannot, you do not have the option of choosing a different client that maybe perhaps supports this particular translation. Suddenly, depending on your ability to use different other languages, you might not be able to use Signal fully. The third thing that I'm going to say is, again, Signal Desktop. Signal Desktop is the bane of my existence sometimes. And it is obviously an electron app, so you cannot run it on a machine that has less than four gigabytes of RAM dedicated specifically to it, right? You have to have enough RAM for the operating system, you have to have enough RAM for everything else you're doing, which will be about a gig, and then you have to have four gigs for Signal specifically, right? But, like, okay, that's fine. I guess those images are heavy and all of that. But why can't we have a native client, right? Why can't we have a client that is not based on a browser and is usually tracking this browser, what, two versions behind? How much time? Ten minutes, okay. I'll be wrapping up so that we can have more questions. Why can't we have a client that is not tracking a browser, a very well-known, let's say, target for people who might want to do bad things? So the fact that Signal basically tracks a browser, a few versions behind, means that there are probably known vulnerabilities that are fixed in the browser, but then they have to be fixed in Electron and then they get fixed in Signal, right? There's a bigger window of opportunity here for, let's say, malicious behavior. And I would like to have a native client instead, right? That does not have this particular problem, right? But what the bright side is, at least we got stickers, right? So I guess that's good.  Feature Creep is real, right? And I started wondering a while ago, is Signal still an encrypted messaging app, or is it becoming a social network? And the reason why I started asking this is because groups are becoming big and, I mean, it's great that groups can be great and huge, but I feel like more and more features are slowly being added that gravitate Signal towards a social network more than an IM. And these are two different tools. And I need Signal, for example, me personally, again, my opinion, guy from the Internet, I need Signal to be the encrypted IM that it was supposed to be from the start. Because if it stops being a good IM to become a good social network, I will have to switch. I will have to have a good IM somehow. And I will not have this, or nobody will have this opportunity because those clients are, you know, only the blessed clients can be used. So my question is at which point the Feature Creep becomes too much, right? And maybe it would make sense to focus more on making this work, allowing some independent native clients to emerge and thrive instead of focusing on Feature Creep. I guess one can hope that Briar will get better and stuff, but yeah. So anybody has opinions? Yes, please. Yay! I wasn't wrong. I thought people will have opinions. Now let's see if the opinions are about Signal or me. Great review.  You cannot just download the app or build it, okay, you could build it. The thing is, it's not distributed by Android. It includes Google services and not everyone is okay with them. And as we know, Signal blocks third-party clients, so yeah. So I'm gonna, I will vehemently agree with you with one different, one caveat is that you can download the app. I think it's Signal.org slash Android slash something. If you know the URL, you can download the APK. Sometimes ago I was trying, and I couldn't. Anybody remembers the URL? Slash Android slash APK. There you go. So yeah, but like it's like in the basement, the second door to the left, the tiger, you know, this kind of stuff, right? Meanwhile, the Avril Telegram lets you have third parties, lets you download from wherever you want. Even Telegram itself releases on fDroid, and they're okay with that. Absolutely. I would love to see Signal on fDroid, but please, please, also leave some time for the next, thanks. So several comments. So there's wire, which I believe is generally, they're very engaged with the MLS project. MLS is the Message and Signal Air Security project. It's essentially trying to come up with, anyway, if you're interested in this stuff, you should know about MLS. And there's, okay, anyway, but about Signal itself, I mean, Moxie has a certain position in whatever it is, but my objection was much more narrow, was always specifically that Moxie was complaining about the upgrade problem. Essentially, that was his core objection, was that he wasn't going to be able to upgrade the thing, and that the nature of the software is complicated enough that he did need to be able to upgrade it. The second statement here is true. It's absolutely true that he did need to be able to upgrade it.  That's just going to be inherent in being able to change cryptography. Can you get to the point because this is a lie? Anyway, the thing is, is that if you want a perfect example of somebody who does this and makes it work, is Tor, they do have an upgrade path, and there's others with complex upgrade paths. Yeah, there are ways to do this, right? Yes, it adds a little bit of complexity, but it is possible. It doesn't stop you completely from doing it, and I agree. Yes. Well, add another thing. I like your shirt. Thank you. And also, I don't like having to use my phone number to use Signal. Yes. And the reason I don't like that is because I don't want to use the same identity for all of my communications. And I find that people are picking up Signal more and more. We're using it for all sorts of things. We're using it for socializing. We're using it for work. We're using it for this, that, and the other. I want to have different personas. And obtaining new phone numbers is hard. Fully agreed, but since now I'm on the receiving end of this, I will defend it a little bit. There is now a way to migrate between phone numbers, at least, so yay. And there is now, I think Signal is slowly moving towards a phone less identity. Let's hope this happens. But, yeah. Could have been prioritized, maybe? Yes. So, while I agree that Signal does have some weak points, I want to play the devil's advocate a bit and say that I don't think the comparison with email is fair at all. Moxie used it, I took it straight from his talk and straight from his blog post. Yes, but like, from a concrete perspective, email evolved in a very different system and we only still use email because all the alternatives somewhat dies. So we will only know which messaging system will survive in 50 years, in 50 years. And also another small point I want to make is that there is this ugly truth that cryptography is hard and usability matters. And Signal did manage to make a usable product with excellent cryptography. And that's why you use it. Yeah, absolutely, we agree. As I said at the beginning, I appreciate the product, I use the product. I strongly suggest the product to signal to many people. But just we need to air this stuff and Moxie didn't give us the chance, so I must end in. Yes. So, fun fact, people really think that because of the stuff with Libre signal a while ago that third-party clients really aren't allowed, but there's a lot of them right now. There's GERC. It's closer to the mic. Sorry. GERC is a desktop client written in Rust for the terminal. There's also Signal CLI and Signal D. Then there's this other guy with Mali.am. Yeah.  I also help maintain a signal client for the command line in Rust. They're all a huge pain because in fact the ecosystem does keep moving. But they're not as frowned upon as they used to be and also Moxie isn't that signal anymore. Many of the things that have been taken for a given for a while have changed. Also, yeah, hopefully user names launch before Fusion happens. But the social aspects aren't going to go less. There's a bunch of stuff in the code for stories and stuff like that. Thank you. One more response to the previous question. In the blog post, Moxie clearly says that there's no technical reason why Signal cannot be federated. It is a choice. The protocol is designed to be federated. There's a choice that blocks that. Yes. We're running overtime, so this is the last one. Sorry. Can we have two? Can we have two? No, please. Otherwise I get injured. Let's have two. But otherwise there's sufficient time after this. Please be quick. I'm just wondering what will happen to the clear Earth which currently ships a fork of Signal and or even calls it clear Signal or something like that. So if Moxie does the same thing as he did five or six years ago with the Libre Signal, he will also shut them down. I wonder if that happens. We'll see. You had a question. Be quick. I just wanted to say quickly that my main gripe with Signal is that it's too much of a Silicon Valley tech bro vibe to it. Thank you. You just called it a product. I have a feeling that except for being run by a non-profit it would have been Facebook, it would have been Google. It tries to control it just as much as they do and tries to feature match those products like WhatsApp and that kind of stuff. I agree. Thank you very much for that comment. I fully agree. And on that note we have to give a great round of applause to Vitek. Thank you.


I had a movie show in the afternoon on a given Tuesday with my co-host, George Cason. And we're talking today about a movie called The Ordinary Man and the Ordinary Man. And it appealed to both of us. And it is a very interesting story of a war criminal. And we're gonna explore today why we would make a movie like that. Why would we celebrate a war criminal? Why the producer and director did that? Why the actors did that? And what they hoped to achieve and what they did achieve in making this very interesting movie about an ordinary man. George, why is it called an ordinary man? That's a very odd title for a war criminal. Because it shows Ratko Malatik in his life other than the general. I mean, it depicts him in hiding, right? And he's basically an ordinary serve, you know? I mean, his feelings that made him become someone who massacred, but those feelings are all the Serbs feel that way. So I think that's why they said an ordinary man. And also they're showing him in his, there's different places that he's living and showing him as just an ordinary man, you know? That he's in some ways, he's no different than any other Serb or any other human being, you know? Except for the fact that he was a general who ordered the massacre of, I think, 8,000 Bosnian Serb men, you know? So I mean, Bosnian Muslim men. So that's probably it. Because the movie shows him in just like an ordinary man, like anybody else would be living day to day with cooking and, you know, in his abode. That's probably it. Well, you know, it's interesting because you can judge not only a talk show, but a movie. You can judge everything by how it opens. And this opens in really a really interesting way. I mean, there are things that happen in the very beginning of this movie that draw you in magnetically. Gee whiz. And you're right. I think it portrays an ordinary man who lives in the city of Belgrade and who is, I guess, this is recent. This is within the last 10 years or so, this happens. It's hard to say it's all accurate. Some of it is dramatized, but there you have it. He's a war criminal. And little things pop out. You don't realize right away that he's a war criminal. You don't realize right away that he's a general. You don't realize right away that he is surrounded by loyalists who still believe in him, even though he's been a fugitive for years and years. You don't see him as pretty ordinary, maybe a little gruff, you know?  I mean, really unforgivable things. And so little by little, I like literature and movies that do this. Little by little, these little pieces come out. You have to watch it carefully because they're spooled out at you one by one. For example, the piece that he's known. He's hiding, quote, in plain sight. They all know who he is, right down to the guy in the newsstand and the waiter in the restaurant.  And that the authorities, including, you know, the EU and Interpol and the war criminals court in the Hague, part of the United Nations are related to the United Nations, are looking for this guy and they haven't been able to find him. And all these people know him and they're essentially protecting him and you begin to get the feeling about this after a while in the movie. So he starts out as ordinary, but little by little in the first five, 10 minutes of the movie, you begin to get the message. This is an extraordinary man, not necessarily good. But the thing, the key thing to me is I know the history going back many decades and his feelings were no different than any other serve, you know, the hatred that they had for the Muslims, the Bosnian Muslims who were connected with the Turkish overlords from the past. So in that way, an ordinary man, what he did was extraordinary and he massacred all these people, but his feelings were no different than any almost every serve. So that's another factor in that. So that sneaks in also. He tells you on a number of occasions that he sees himself as a patriot, working for the country, working for the people of the country. And I suppose that's why there's so many people out there protecting him as a fugitive. They agreed, they thought he was a patriot, an honorable and in fact doing work for the preservation of the culture, which is all screwed up, but that's what he thought. That's his perception. And as you said, he was being protected by other Serbs who felt that he was to be hidden, you know, but he was, as you said, he's right inside. Everybody knows who he is the minute they see his face. And then it's somewhere in there, he says that they were telling him to go get plastic surgery so he could change his look. But he said, no, I don't, he said, one time he tells the so-called maid who was really an agent of Serbian agent that, you know, I'm gonna, I can stay this way. No one's gonna get me because he knew he was being protected by all his people, you know, in Serbia. So, you know, not to get back to the history, but you have to do some study on the history of Serbia and the Balkans to understand the background of why they protected them and why they felt the way they did. Yeah. I remember one saying he's walking by a mural, you know, a painted mural, you know, a graffiti mural on the street. Now, these people around, and he's walking right by it. And it's a mural of him. I don't know if you've noticed that, you know, it's a mural of him, it's his face. He's walking right by his own face. Yes.  He had a whole credo on how to deal with both sides of equation. One side, the people who were trying to catch him and the other side, the people who were, you know, helping him as a fugitive. He was right in the middle of things somehow. And he lived, you know, at least according to this movie, out in the open like that. On the other hand, the group that wanted to protect him went to great lengths to protect him. To them, he was a national hero, how perverse that was. But let's, you know, and they moved him. They moved him from apartment to apartment every six months or so that nobody could get a beat on where he was. And they gave him money every morning in a newspaper, a newspaper with articles cut out of it. Reminds me of John Foster Dulles in the 50s. They didn't want him to know certain things. I guess those were the things about how the EU was chasing him, about how, you know, he was an enemy of the EU and of, you know, civil society in Europe. They cut the newspaper. But they gave him a newspaper, they gave him money. They gave him a handsome allowance every day. So, you know, the sky had a real following, although he didn't like the following. He made fun of the following. He criticized the following. He called them names while they were saving his life. It's very odd person, a perverse personality. But let's talk about the woman for a minute. You called her an agent. She presented as a maid. When they moved him to a certain apartment, she knocked on the door. She said, I'm here as the maid and I've been hired to, you know, do maid service for you. And he says to her, well, I guess you belong to me, but then I belong to you too. And they started this relationship. Now, he's, you know, in his 70s and she's in her 20s, I think they said she was like 22 or 25 or something. And now you have a relationship and the relationship was extraordinary. The actress was extraordinary. And there's this great show stopper scene when he makes her strip to make sure that she's not carrying weapons. Can you describe that for our audience? And remember, this is a family show, George. Basically, she purportedly came to that apartment for the former resident of Mrs. Barakowicz or something like that. But in reality, she was an agent. But you don't learn that until much later in the film that she's an agent.  But, and then she comes out and all stark naked, you know? Of course, there's other orifices that she could have kept a weapon in but they don't talk about that, you know?  But that's what he did to just make sure she wasn't, you know, out to get him or something like that or one of the people trying, but so then they start- It's a showstop. When you see this happening, you know, you can't understand what's going on. It's not obvious that he's having her strip so he could protect himself from hidden weapons. He just commands her like a general would, you know, to do these things.  She does it without complaint. She's not, she's got a flat, flat effect face. She's not saying anything. She's not necessarily objecting. She just does it. And you begin to wonder, who is this woman? Why is she there? Why is she conducting herself that way? She doesn't seem like a maid. She's very pretty, by the way. And P.S., she's Icelandic. Did you get that part? Yes, she's Icelandic. She's an Icelandic actress from, what's that city in Iceland, Reykjavík? Reykjavík, yeah. And she, and they brought her in, I suppose. She's supposed to be from Belgrade. She's supposed to be a local girl. She pretends and she has a kind of persona lined up, you know, the group that brought her in as an agent gave her a persona. She's essentially a spy on him. But it's very interesting how you find later, I mean, outside the movie, that she's Icelandic. Extraordinary, yeah, go ahead. Her whole family is theatrical. Her mother, her father, her grandfather was a theatrical producer in Iceland. So she's got this long history in her family, but she played the role to a T. And like you said, you're wondering why is she a seeding to this? If she was just a young maid coming to Mrs. Borowitz's flat, she would have, he was very arrogant to 16 years, he was able to stay in hiding because he was getting help.  He's like a general, you know, doesn't look, Ben Kingsley doesn't look anything like melodic, but he played the role really well. And Hera Hilmar is the actress that plays Tanya, the maid, so-called maid.  Well, there's one scene where she does walk out. In fact, he yells at her for some silly thing and he says, get out of my sight and she walks out. But not too much later, hours, not days, she comes back. And she brings him food and the like and you know, you're wondering, why didn't she come back? Why'd she come back to a guy who abused her like that? And you find out later why. But he believes in his arrogance that she came back because of what he said early on, you belong to me and I belong to you. And they have a relationship that required her to come back.  The storyline goes on. One of the things that at the end, I don't know if you want me to bring it in, you know, there are things here that are true, it's basically based on a true story. But I mean, there was, I don't know whether there was a maid who was an agent but at the end, she gets shot by his driver but there was never a maid. And in the real story, right before they sent Milatic to the Hague for his trial, they did allow him to go to his daughter's grave, his daughter had 26 years old, had committed suicide because she was bothered by what her father had done, you know, that he had massacred all these people but there was no reason to kill off the Tanya, the maid or the agent, right? But they did that in the movie maybe to make people. We don't know. We don't really know his biography. We don't know his life story. Well, I suspect that there was something that happened that gave the silverman was his name who produced and directed this movie. But one thing is you make it sound, we should give more attention to the shooting. Yeah, that's... He is determined to go see the grave of his dead wife, daughter in this little town. And they break away, in fact, they steal the car of the driver, Milo is the driver. They steal the car and he asks the maid, Tanya, to drive him out into the country and they go to this little town where people seem to know who he is because that's where he came from, that was his town. And they don't particularly like him either. And he goes to the cemetery, but he doesn't, she prevails on him not to get out of the car, it's too dangerous. And he wants to drop some sort of iconic scarf, remember, a multicolored scarf that he keeps in a kind of altar in his apartment. And he brings it with him that day and the idea is to deliver it to his daughter's grave. She says, I will go and deliver this. It's only like, maybe 100 yards away, less 50 yards away. She delivers the scarf and she drops it on the grave, at which point the driver who is part of this organization that is supposed to protect him comes out from beyond a number of people come out from the other side of the cemetery. They've been watching him. They knew what he was gonna do. They knew he was gonna go to that town. They knew he was gonna go to the graveyard there, okay? And they cost her and it's an amazing scene. He says, let me have the gun because they know that she always carries a gun. This is a cherubic, angelic young woman who in the movie, she I'm thinking, she was not even 20, the character in the movie. And she gives him the gun and in a second, in a moment without hesitation, it's brutal.  And you say, what happened there? What was that all about? Why would they take this cherubic woman who had saved Ratko's life a number of times who had protected him and fed him and entertained him and acted as a daughter? Maybe there's the connection there to him over a period of time. And why would they just completely execute her given the fact that A, she was an agent of theirs and B, she was for the most part taking care of him the way they wanted. Why did they shoot her like that? Because I did some research on this whole history of melodic, right? And that's whole scene, I don't believe there's any reality to it. I think that was just done for interest, to get the audience- Maybe like the strip scene. The strip scene didn't bother me that much at all. I mean, she was an attractive woman, but the shooting, the killing of her at the end, I mean, as you said, what was the reason that she was maybe for stealing the car? Maybe Milo, the driver was upset that she stole his car, but he would know that how powerful the general is. I mean, the general pretty much, she did anything he wanted.  I mean, it's- But she controlled him. Yes, she did anything he wanted. He would command her to do things and she would do them. And then he would insult her and abuse her and all that, but on the critical things to save him, to save him from being identified, to save him from being attacked or killed. And there were those scenes. She interceded. She overtook his will. She was not going to simply agree. She protected him and she carried a gun with her for that purpose. She was always out there to protect him. And so it's not just a matter of her being docile. She was a killer at the same time. She was an agent, like an FBI agent. I mean, she was trained. I mean, to maybe, you know, when she took him to the cemetery, that was outside of the purview of what she was supposed to do.  I don't think it was just to excite us. I don't think it was just to, you know, have a sit forward in our seats watching the movie. I think they were trying to tell us something. And I think, see if you agree, they were trying to tell us that these guys, both sides, were very brutal people. And life didn't mean much to them. I mean, think about it, these are the people who supported a genocide. These are the people who killed thousands of people for no good reason.  And I think there's a message, they, you know, the producers, directors were sending us a message. These people are different. They're not ordinary at all. They're murderous. And they do this kind of stuff. I guess that was the point that was being made, even though there was, I don't think the scene was true of what I read and my research, but I think that what you said is exactly it, that just to show how brutal these guys are, that they would kill their own agent. And she followed her mission to a T, except for that thing of taking him to the cemetery. But, you know, and she figured she could do it under the QT, you know, quietly so that nobody would recognize him, you know, or he wouldn't be taken. But maybe that was going out of her duty so they shot her for that. She broke the rules. She broke the rules. She took Milo's car. She stole Milo's car and she, you know, essentially rejected their control of her and did something that was completely foreboding to take her, to take him out into this small town, his birth town, and expose him that way. So I think, you know, they were saying, you can't break the rules like that. You remember that old lady at that little eating place?  So she liked him, you know? She, I mean, she knew who he was. I mean, for maybe she knew him in his childhood and she liked him. So, I mean, getting back to the whole thing, I mean, these were murderers, but I don't, and the fact that he was hidden in plain sight I think that you have to understand the whole history and see why these serves protected this war criminal, this murderer, you know? It was a, it's part of the whole history of the Balkan area. Yeah, right. And they retained their view of things, their genocidal view of things for years and decades after the genocide was over, you know, suggesting that, you know, Belgrade is not at peace even now. This is a fairly recent story about his capture and his trial. This happened only a few years ago, within the last five years, I think. And what they're telling us is that Belgrade is still in this kind of tension. And there were two sides and they both are genocidal in their own way.  It was horrible if this should happen. That's a whole historical story. But I wanted to ask you, you know, you mentioned before you alluded to her quality as an actress. And to me, she was absolutely captivating and mysterious. And the trouble about it was that she was, she looked like she was 17 or 18 years old, completely angelic face and the way she moved. She was a teenager for God's sake. And what kind of acting is that?  What an extraordinary role that is. And you said she was really, really good. She played it really well. And it was again, that kind of thing where you see her at one level and these little things roll out at you and you begin to realize that it's not that level at all. She's really different than the way she presents. But him, what an actor. This man is one of the most polished actors in the world. Today, everything he's done has been good. But I tell you, I saw the Gandhi movie. He was in Schindler's List. He was remarkable in that and so many other movies. But this one was a study that he excelled in beyond words. It was an extraordinary performance. Don't you think? Oh, he was just phenomenal. But I mean, knowing his other roles, how well he's, what a great actor he is, par excellence, I really wasn't surprised by his performance. I mean, he's that good. So it was no different than his other roles. But she played her role very well. And as you said, this angelic face and she's a Serbian agent, you know, and you would never think seeing her on the street and she carries a gun that she was an agent. But, you know, and not to get back again, learn the history and this all will become very clear. I mean, Yugoslav, you broke up, right? And all the different elements, the Muslims and the Christians and in the former Soviet Union, the same thing, Christian versus Muslim, you're dealing with the same situation there.  I'll leave it at that. Well, I mean, I just want one point on that, on that specific phenomenon. Tito, who ruled Yugoslavia with an iron hand, told those people, both sides, that they're not gonna do violence to each other.  And he succeeded, Yugoslavia under his thumb. He was an autocrat, communist, what have you.  He put a blanket on that kind of strife. So he dies. As you said, Yugoslavia virtually comes apart and these animosities that had existed under the hood, you know, hundreds of years ago that have been dampened by the likes of Tito, all of a sudden popped up again. So it's really, and it's instructive in our time, there was a divisiveness, a religious divisiveness, whatever that existed, you know, hundreds of years before that his death revealed them. His death opened them up again, exacerbated them to the point of genocide. It's very interesting on the human condition, his life, his death and his aftermath. It's a study all by itself about Yugoslavia and Tito. But I wanted to get to what I think is the core point of the movie, George. Why would anybody make a movie about a war criminal, guilty, unquestionably guilty? I mean, they found him guilty. He's in jail now for a life term. That's what the tribunal found not too long ago after they caught him.  You know, he thought it was nationalism. That's not, you can't. That genocide never is justified, never, ever, ever, ever. But he thought it was justified. So why then would anybody go out, you know, somebody from the country or somebody from outside the country and celebrate his life by making a biographical or maybe a partially biographical movie about him and portraying him with a great actor? What was the point? And this is the biggest point of our review today, George. What was the point of making a movie about a war criminal? It's to show that he was not alone in his feelings, only in his actions and that in some ways he was just an ordinary, served man who had been a general and who went and did this horrible massacre.  I think that's what the whole thing was about. And they weren't really celebrating him. They were just showing him as an ordinary man that it's really not that different.  I think that's what they were trying to show that it doesn't take much to jump from your daily data existence to doing something that bad. If, if nationally you have the country behind you. I think that was the point. You agree or no. Well, yeah, maybe I would turn it a little bit differently. I mean, number one is that he, he never sought forgiveness. He never admitted guilt. He never said he was sorry. He carried it as a badge of honor what he had done. They're quite remarkable. But as, as I mean, unforgivable in many ways. He's a monster. I think I was a monster. Right till the end of the movie until today, where he's in jail. He probably never admitted he was wrong about anything. But there's the ordinary man title. And what you was saying, I take it this way. Even monsters are men. Even monsters have vulnerabilities. Even monsters have needs, personal needs. Needs for relationships. Like with the honey of the maid. Needs to live an ordinary life. So what I think the movie was trying to do is show you that even a general responsible directly responsible for genocides. He became an ordinary Schmo. And with vulnerabilities and weaknesses and. Personal needs. And, and it humanized him. It did it humanized him. He became human, even though he never admitted he was wrong, even though he continued to, you know, defend his monstrous, his monstrous conduct. And that makes it, you know, we, there's a common denominator there. Even mad men are men. Couldn't agree with you more. Well, I was certainly finding some interesting movies, George. These are, when you say educational in a very profound way. I'm not sure I would have liked this as much. If Ben Kingsley hadn't been starring in it. I mean, I don't think I would have liked it as much if the, the direction had been lesser. And if the historical context had been a lesser. But I liked it a lot because it's some level. And I think it was what I was just saying. I learned a lot about the human condition. I learned about what happened in, you know, in, in Serbia. And, and, and the educational factor there. And the presentation of it. By the people who made this movie was really for me, I told you. Magnetic experience. I felt that I knew a lot more about what happened in, in the soft underbelly than I knew before. So we're on a, we're on a roll here, George. We've discussed some really important movies. Movies that teach you movies that show you movies that expand your consciousness and your awareness of the world in a, in a world that is, you know, more and more interdependent now. And, and, and, you know, in a left-handed way, it's a benefit of COVID because we have these movies available to us. And the filmmakers are making them left and right. And the filmmakers are really inspired. When they make movies like this one or a Saru Dam or some of the others back to pig, if you remember. All these are really good movies. So what do you want to do next? You made some suggestions, Jay. What was the next one? Human flows. Yeah, human flow by Ai Weiwei, the Chinese dissident. And then, yeah. But, and then you said letter from muscle. Letters from a Sanjia is another one. So you and I will, we'll figure out which one to do. Letters from a Sanjia is more personal. Human flow is really at the, at the 50,000 foot level. And it's much more documentary. Well, they're both documentary. What am I saying? They're both completely documentary, completely true. They're true movies. They're both worth covering. We should cover them both. We'll, we'll discuss this and decide which one to go to do first. Yeah, on two weeks. We'll take it from there. Thank you, George. George Kason here on the movie show and tank tech. Very valuable discussion, as always. Thank you, Jay.


This is Anas. He's an engineer. This is Mikkel. He's a doctor. So what happens when two professions join forces in developing new products? Well, that's exactly what Anas and Mikkel found out at the new biomedical design program at Aarhus University. The real great thing about participating in the biomedical program was that I learned how to take one step back and look at the real needs in the healthcare area. I chose to participate in the biomedical design program because I thought it was a very exciting education where I could use my qualification both as a mechanical engineer but also as a biomedical engineer and combine those two education with some commercial mindset. We discovered that there was a real need in looking into the area of the hand hygiene. Today hand hygiene is inefficient and also a big issue when people are trying to do it correctly. So one day we went to the hospital, took a place beside the national dispenser and looked and watched how they did it. We discovered that the hospital, the healthcare staff were not doing hand hygiene correctly. Correctly you have to do it like 30 seconds and not many nurses did that or doctors for that instance. This means that there is a high risk of infections for our patients in the hospital area. If we could do this faster, then it would be better. Right now we believe we have found a way to make it better. As an engineer you are not usually taught to have a commercial mindset because usually an engineer just develops something. It's really technical and can do everything but it's A, very expensive or B, nobody are not really needing it. So by doing the commercial mindset we ensure that we make something that people need and not just for the fun of it. By taking part of the biomedical program I have learned that I can integrate my doctor skills with engineers' beliefs and also the multidisciplinary areas. Normally I never work together with engineers or physiotherapists and it gives a high potential for a unique uniqueness of the products.


Welcome back to Why In The Morning Entrepreneurship Tuesday. My name is Barry Mossers and it's very welcome to now. I'd like to remind you that we have a question on Facebook. Do you think social media has provided opportunities for the youth in terms of business? Or Imoa Ribu Kimadili? I have the best people to answer the question in studio. I don't know if they are from Mombasa but they are Swahili. It sounds like it. They have amazing stuff in studio and Hawazi Changanya is a philosophy. They'll tell us the name of the brand and the inspiration behind their products. Thank you. Alright, your camera is number 4. Last bone ni nani katiyanwa willi? Last bone ni mimi. Last bone ni wa uta hansa. Tansa Kamagina. Ngari naka mam外om totu, Kwa Magina Niamtani wa Zanita Bob na Tokiami Mombasa. Omishu kwa familia. Venituu misamendu. Kamagina mi Kamawa joragi. Mindo fast bone lakini mno Tokiani Hururu. Okay, So, what is the name of the brand itself, because the message you guys appreciate on the product is Wezi Changanya, which is a philosophy. What is the name of the brand? The brand is Mtoto Design. He is Mtoto. The name was very captivating for an African brand to grow using the name. Mtoto Design is the name. It is a name that is very different from Mtoto. Mtoto is a name that is very different from Mtoto. Mtoto Design is the name where you get professional value. So, Mtoto Design was the name of the brand in 2017. Wezi became People Design in 2017. Using Lapa design, you can get off-band related to Southern Indian Buddhism.  The past few years we've been living in Kwaasda kwa kwa kwa kwa kwa kwa kwa kwa kwa kwa. We've been living in Uousloga Ni ii ni kama. Ya, alantzzilinu. These were all dogs of kwa kwa kwa kwa kwa. Was it just dogs? We were starting to find those dogs. Kwa kwa kwa kwa kwa kwa kwa. We were pursuing the degree of fine art, so design is the basic gene in both of us. And now what we are very good at is design, so right now what we are trying to learn more is how to use the design in business and maybe make a shilling from the design. So design is sour, so transforming it from just design to business is the task and this is the task you guys are putting up with. And there is a reason you guys are here to come push the brand as well. So kuna wallets, we have like three wallets, maybe you can put it here. Kuna kama tatu, what inspired the wallets? Nani yama dem peki ya kama ni yama chagipia? Mejali nizama dem, the woman is the best customer. If you get her as a customer, she is most loyal. She will buy three of them and use them in three days consecutively. But if I have my customer as a man, he will only buy one and he is good for years. So having these bags for the ladies is trying to give the woman priority so that she can feel special. And when a bag to fall to kila, she will be feeling fly daily. So these glasses are for ladies. All right, fabric, what is the fabric for a wallet? Vajatmi aso wanakana penda kumeta, wana penda meta, kama tausili, wana miki handoga yo pendeza. So sana wana kiki toke kama yo pendeza, amefini kaa-enzake ote. So wei kwaenguna penda ko kwa-kwa lani kumbele, kwaenguna penda ko umbele. Kwa-kwa umbele ni yuki mone kano ya olazima iwei na rangi rangi mingi.  Sasa iyo ili kwa moji ya, ya kufikiria wa nawa kita weza vip, futu weza na hankara, na hankara ni haki afrika. So kwa ili wundo e tu kwa mahtu na amini sisi ni wa afrika na tu na ga tuendeleza utama duni wetu kwen damele, lazima tutumi e kitu ambachi obadi uti neza tu kasi mahi niya kuetu. Sasa tu liwa muwa tutati umi hankara, na hankara izi zeta tu na kisha kwa mahtu na zi sosa, hapa labda na injel, apapa afrika. Apapa afrika. So african products for an african product. Ya. Right, so so wallet, wallet surenza puto na pesangapi. Kama uto eleze. Wallet kwa saizi ni 500 shillings. Wallet for 500. Ya, only 500 shillings. We're trying to make it as affordable as possible. Maybe this is like the entry point for pasto mahi tu. So we want products that are cheap, that is anezanunua, as they want to experience the quality of our product. So no mana, it's 500 shillings. 500 shillings only for the wallet. I will share the social media handles in a few. So at the design stage of the wallet. So lazima mungi katika akili ya monamke na mjuwe anezataka kwa kani ni ni na ni ni katika wallet. Amam na fanya research ni nuna mnagani. Ya. Apu dokun na mti ani, so wa musinua na umi, agadu kifikiri ya monamke beba ni ni na ni ni na ni. So ayu research tu na uli zia marafikiwe tu ombo niwa kike ingi, mandu gizetwa kike, otupatie mchangwa o katitu na fanya design. Oneezataka wallet, aina gani, oneezataka kwa kani ni ni kwa wallet. Mngetwenda ya na mi fukungapi, depe na mi fukui asiri ikuwe, me siwe. So tu me sketch, tu me kachini yo kazi, lakini kabla hijaza liwa, lazima tu keli shane na akadu tuwa skizi na tuone, mua pitu na ungeze ya, hua pitu na pungoza. So research ni kituchamuimu when it comes to business and when it comes to design. Sama. Very, very good. Safika beza. So we have the wallet going for 500 wezi changanya. Wezi. Wezi changanya. Wezi. Alright, we have this. Before I talk about the bags, you have a line of t-shirts that you are doing now and this is a neighborhood edition. Hometown edition. Alright. So what is the concept behind hometown edition because I see this piece is for Nairobi. Yeah. For the hometown edition, it is I just told you that we we are done with school. So majorly our customer base was in Nairobi and now we are trying to get our customer base out of Nairobi. So the best thing to do we thought was find a way that anybody, somebody in Kuala somebody in in any place of the country to Kana can feel that the brand represent him or her. So it was a way to for the brand to reach there and that was Kokurish Pasonelli. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Juhu hozi changanya. It was the first one first of our products. And now to not after reason mtumonyako kutru Kana ni ni ni wanga changanya. Uli mtumonyako Kuala ni ni ni ni wanga changanya. Nali kulea na toka. Kuen ni nuna toka wezi changanya. Ni pali pomoja. Yeah ni maali pomoja. So now we trying to go get that person who is who call machine in the grass roots and now bring them to the table of the of the brand. That is that is well thought. So where you're from you can't mix where you're from. It's only one place. And that's how the brand is going to connect with somebody there. So say I come from County 001 or County 002. Yeah. Ntapata na aje na ni ni na ntapata aje bisiyamu. Amma me printru zote and then it's a random thing. Hometown kwenu ni kwenu. Ye owezi changanya ve lobe sema. So agama toka kule na ni danima pormukoni amma maipi utagatu yugipa tisha titu na yeka. So una represent ni umbani. So taipata na mna gani how would I reach you guys and get it. Sasa wnezo katafutakwa social media handle eto faanok atm toto underscore designs. That is why you insert your social media handles that is camera number. Atm toto underscore designs yoni Instagram wuki fika wnezo katdrop DM wuna sema wuna taka kaya VP tisha tiya kwa kaya VP rangi wnezo kwa chagua rangi wneza chagua size wneza chagua ni mta gani wuna represent. So oki order apple wnezo kapata na mizigwetwa to chelewi. Oki tiya order liwa bina kupatia masa rubain na nani kicheliwa sana impigiete na seamu. Lakin na masa rubain na nani kichelewa sana. Ita poeme fika kabise kapatia sana. All right, I like so much. So Nairobi kwanza mlianza Nairobi kuz that's why we base at the moment. All right. How is business going so far? I think business is amazing at the moment kuz there is a lot of learning that we're doing. There is a lot of feedback from our customers and that is helping us to grow and the reception from our customers is getting them on a very personal level. So the the goal that we had we can now see it getting fulfilled na yone amal na yona it's getting molded just in front of our eyes so it's a big sum. You're getting closer and closer to the goal. to the vision, to the dream. Mli patana campus muka graduate muka move-in muka anza muka anza biashara. Mli aka pesangapi how much did you need as captain? Kapitoli teongeliwa tu seme ni kujitu ma siyati hikukuna namba specific sa wabutu ki anza siyati tulianza na kila kitu tulikwatu tu na idea maramingi tulikwatu na vedezuma kumasisi na kwa design so maramingi kutu na tumia matarakilishi putaneni kuhu kutengeneza dizainzitu kuhu kusongezia atumbele so me beto na yona kwa pitcha na jipata una ilipia so una ilipia kablasi dei tengeneza sa wabu ni udi anja so una ilipia kablasi dei tengeneza na uki ilipia na tengeneza yaku labdanya mwangene so ilikuwa ni kapituo li li kua nili udi anja jibiasi ara abu ili eza rikasi mama so una eza konfesina so ili mwangeneza you can confes that kuna at a point in time uni kua una prezentia watu design una post design kwa social media na uzi tengeneza bado baka waleo baka waleo sa zemene kus you don't want to make something and don't sell it no sell it no at the moment I know it will sell that's not an option but I don't have the muscle to produce everything that is in my mind but I have the capability to make a mock up of what I would like and then for you as a customer you will see my vision and then that is that is what I'm selling to you I'm selling the vision and then you will buy the product you will help me produce it so punta aidae design has come alongwe in MSI DSM alongwe it makes the vision more real and you can present it to the consumers and then I'll present it to you and anybody else alright so your wide of advice to those people who are watching us right now kapito si pesa kapito ineza kwaapapia kapito ineji kwaapap kapito ii kwaapapia anafo ingine people will come to aid you if you have a convincing enough pitch we will come and bring the money because people out there have money lots of it what they don't have is money they don't have ideas they don't have somewhere to put it if you give them a convincing enough pitch they will give you the money wonderful let's move to the bags that's a good insight right there I hope you're learning how you were of what in the morning her this bag right here you have one just do that demonstration that you did for me so you just sold the mic for him so I will give you a life that you will be in the bag this is on 2018-2019 so you will be in the bag for 2019-2020 so here in Ankara bag I will give you a laptop I will give you a bag that you will be in the bag the ladies for the men I will give you a unisex so in the pandemic we have 2 bags in 1 I know he has 2 bags so there are 2 bags in 1 yes there are 2 bags in 1 and all of them will bitemeal bark yes he will青... he is a young Lord so this is an example of the bag we bought who is on the next generation we are screamin in Ibógniliche we are screamin in rudia I have one at hand as well. So, inaonanya denim na ankara bado. Na yo bado ni denim na ankara bado. Okay, so I have my hair with me. If you can see, let me see the level right here. Quite nice man. I love the print. I love the fabric. So, untrum simple ata beba. Untrum napenda kumeta. I have my bado again. So, I have my hair with me. Okay. So, when you see this product in a place like China, you know it's an African product. That is the goal. That is the goal? No, it's African from the jam. Yeah, you know it's right from Africa. Just so the MaxTeddy. The goal is wherever you see our product, you'll not confuse it then that it's made in from anywhere else. It should be wherever you see it, you know it's from Africa right from Kenya. So, this bag was made with a student in mind. I'm a general public. With a woman in mind. So, aneza beba laptopia kia pandani. Afichev tu zakiapa za notebookapa. Kalamu. Pass Nairobi. Pass Nairobi. So, this looks really good. So, when I come and make beba, when I saw the other side, it's branded. Lakin eniki bebaivi, how will people get to know how is it? Also, it's not about shouting out from the rooftop. It's about whispering and making the whisper be heard. So, we don't have to brand everywhere so that you can see. But we have to make it in a very simple design that when you see, you'll get interested and maybe even ask.  So, this is another line of products you guys have. We have t-shirts, we have wallet and the t-shirts you say this is the what edition? Hometown edition. You can mix where you are from. What else is in store for us? But from t-shirts, wallets and bags. I can tell this. Obviously. The kanji as well. Alright. What else is in store for us? What we have in store is a lot of design, a lot of creativity. I think what flows from us is a lot of creative juices. So, if you have anything that you think you need, a little bit of flavor, we can do creative consultancy and branding for your company. We also, we can help you. You can do something specific for a specific person when you do this thing of yours on the side. These things, what we majorly doing, we are solving problems for our customers in branding and growing their brands and from what you get, we plough it back to grow our one brand. Alright. There's so many branding companies, but what is the difference between how is changanya? When I bring you guys on board to do branding for me as a corporate and getting some other people, what is the difference? What will you guys do different? We do the same. We do not do the same thing, we do the same thing, we do the same thing. We do the same thing. But we are not doing the same thing. We are doing the same thing. So, we do the same thing. But when we issue00'だから, we start thinking about getting, because we do the same thing. Thank you You can do them here okay. We do it for you. To make your brand, we won't jinx you because there might be that problem. Why would you change it? how is that possible? the identity of your business? It is aда. That creates, Ya,lungsmusic atmJo Ch ζu du mahal desanga Vizu tissuesu Yaw tanyesa Anasaya OnApplause Cτέfelik K Grundwha Wishu Nanda Unалiku G StandStop Sub Uyutandawazi na tu saidi ya kwa sana Na kitu wamboneza sema na tu na shkuru sana pe kwa support Tuliansa kama mchizo Na seti ni mchizo Iindomaisha ya tu tuliamuwa Napali mefikiya ni shukran tu kwa kila mtombana tu pita support kila de Wande leku tu umbea Koziyunu na tuika hai na tuika strong kwa Kwa iba tuliamuisha ni gumu Na kila kuna fukuja Tu na shkuru Mi na danita shkuru kwa sana Kila kula kuna shkuru Tu kwa na soli katiga Facebook page etu Na tu kwa na usha jibu tari Sasi jini ulize tiana Na kila fukuja na uliza Do you think social media ime tupatia Sisi kama wana youth opportunity za kibiashara Ame metwa rebu kima adili Kuna lingana na mchia monyana angaliya Kwa sababu Kama sisi Kwa If you create content People will come Uta kwa ni kama media Una release content And then we come outside there And we come get entertained And grow you as a brand And still the content that you're creating Ineza kwa ni content See It's not maybe see the right content For the right audience So apu evo Monyana angaliya It's all from where you're looking Ina depen na kuna unangaliya Lekini social media imo asa idea kibiashara Ame nuna in kama imo Bufanyam kakwa lezi kidoku Na tani Social media If you're able to leverage it enough It will grow us to a very, very high standard Social media is the future of your business Thank you very much for coming Na usha kuru sana Personal social media handles eno Mba te ma ma sto kama follow Yeah, yeah, yeah Mimi kwa Instagram ma ito kama u Underscore ajiroge On Facebook is kama uajiroge All right Mi na nda kwa Mkonum toto Unifestbook MGHONO Fum toto Alafu kwa Instagram toto.ke All right, toto.ke Some toto designs You can find them on social media Tim toto, underscore design On Instagram Yes, all information You can find it from there From the phone number To the website To more information On the products We've come to the end of this We still have another interview lined up Alex is coming up Don't touch that dial Don't go nowhere My name is Barry Mosses Or it's very more Kumtendal


Holy Spirit, you were exalted in this place. Let our praises rise up as your glory begins to come down. That you would come and dwell amongst your children.


and the Packers are actually three point road favorites in this one and I'm gonna come back to you here how you play this game not knowing who the Saints Week one starter is yet at this point. I think at this point it really doesn't matter because the Packers still have Aaron Rodgers and I would like to give an ode to Devonte Adams who could be the best receiver in football if not certainly a top three candidate as far as that position is concerned. Here's what you need to know about what he's performed in 2020. He finished with a second highest catch percentage over expected at 9.9% as per next gen stats. He trailed only Stefan Diggs as far as that's concerned and he was in press coverage a lot roughly 30% of the time. Why? Because no entrusted targets two through eight as far as the Packers are concerned and Devonte Adams was still able to shine and be one of the top targets in the NFL. Once again that duo is going to be there and so I don't think it matters who the Saints starting quarterback is. I think the Packers roll.


This study developed a novel EMI shielding composite material based on cellulose aerogel at reduced graphene oxide, CA at RGO, and polydomethylsiloxane, PDMS. The CA at RGO was prepared by vacuum impregnation, freeze drying followed by thermal annealing, and then loaded into the PDMS matrix. This resulted in a three-dimensional, 3D, double layer conductive network, which improved the EMI shielding effectiveness, EMI-C, from 13 dB to 51 dB. Additionally, the thermal stability, THRI, and thermal conductivity coefficient, lambda, were also greatly enhanced. These results indicate that the CCA at RGO slash PDMS EMI shielding composites have excellent potential for applications in lightweight, flexible EMI shielding composites. This article was authored by Ping Song, Beilu, Chao Woliang, and others. We are article.tv. Links in the description below.


Hello and welcome to NewsClick. You are watching Present, Past and the Future. It is paradoxical that although Hindu nationalists defy the nation in its feminine form, love for it, that is nationalism, must be robust, muscular and masculine. In the 70 years since India and Pakistan agreed to cease fire after hostilities for 15 months, much of the Hindutva narrative within the country has centered around demonizing Jawaharlal Nehru. He has been accused of being too soft and accommodative of Islamabad's designs, especially on Kashmir. Nehru is accused of not having the courage to drive back invaders who swamped Jammu and Kashmir in October 1947. He is also held guilty of internationalizing the issue by taking the matter into United Nations on 1 January 1948. This so-called image of Nehru being a weakling is juxtaposed with the decisiveness of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. It is emphasized that he has propagated a version of nationalism which is muscular and thereby manly. It fits with the publicized image of Modi as the alpha male with a 56 inches chest size. History, however, cannot be oversimplified and framed in black and white terms. Actions of leaders holding crucial offices during watershed moments in the past must be contextualized within the time they lived in and acted. There is no point in theorizing how Modi would have acted if he had been the Prime Minister in 1949 or 1948 for that matter. The way out of this hazy view of the past is to get more facts. Information of what precisely happened, who said what and recommended what. Much of this information in most countries, including India, lie buried and locked in government vaults. Many of these documents and personal papers are time-barred. But even if it is time to make public such documents, government and linked institutions often prevent truth from becoming public knowledge. The state has been known to use its discretionary powers to prevent release of information because it could damage their political interest. A recent such instance has come to light. A researcher wished to get into the heart of accusations against Nehru regarding Kashmir that he did not act firmly. It is not that he held a brief for India's first Prime Minister or any other party. His interest was in unearthing or finding out more information of what transpired in history in the public domain. I am joined by Venkatesh Nayak who has consistently researched the turbulent history of Kashmir in the period following its accession to India. He works with the Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative. Welcome to the program Venkatesh. Let me not say I decided not to tell the story of your right to information application from my side. I wanted to hear it straight from the horse's mouth in a nutshell, your RTI application, what you sought and what you were given and what you were denied. If you will just permit me a little bit of a background as to why I filed this RTI. Your viewers might be interested, why is it that this gentleman is looking for 70 year old RTI. RTI activates that for somebody who is interested in Kashmir. Absolutely right. You see, I work for the promotion and use of the right to information in Kashmir ever since I have been working there since 2004. We have trained citizens who are part of organizations in the civil society sector, journalists, students and private citizens in the use of right to information and they have used it to fantastic impact. Now, during one such interaction in Jammu and Kashmir, I was asked whether it would be possible to get a copy of the instrument of accession that Jammu and Kashmir, the princely state at that point of time in 1947, signed with the Dominion of India because that document is a disputed document. In fact, the very existence of the document has been called into question by not only Indian scholars but also foreign academics, notably people like the late professor Alastair Lamb. So, I took that as a challenge and filed an RTI with the National Archives, hoping that that is where.  No, no, no. I'm sorry, I must correct myself. I filed it with the Ministry of Home Affairs because the Jammu and Kashmir department is part of the Ministry of Home Affairs. And then eventually you got it. Eventually I got it from there and then that sort of got me interested in the dates on which. Further examining this particular part of the Indian history. Yes, yes. Because in addition to the existence of the document, there is also doubt about the actual dates on which the accession instrument was signed and accepted. Right. Now, that is also part of the research that is going on. As part of that research, I found out that the Thin Moorthy Library, which is also known as the Nehru Memorial Museum and Library based in Delhi, which is in a big controversy in terms of the membership of the executive board of that. The character also. Exactly. That is going to change very soon and people are going to be. Has already, in fact. Yes. People have been ejected out, unfortunately. So, that is where I found out that there are certain papers which have been microfilmed from the collection of Lord Mountbatten, the last vice-roy and the first governor general of independent India. And while going through that, I came across references to a whole range of documents. One of them was an interview that was done with Sir Roy Buker, who was the second commander in chief of the Indian Army after independence. This was just before, a year before general. And this interview of Roy Buker was done by B.R. Nanda. This was done by B.R. Nanda, the biographer. They noted academic and biographer. When was this interview conducted? This was done sometime in the late 60s or early 70s. The document actually is a typed up transcript of the interview. There are about 25 to 30 pages of that unfortunately. And you managed to see only. I saw the whole document. You saw the whole. But I could only get about three pages out because there is a limit. The three pages which you could get out. Yes. The most important point is that I think you have also written about is that Nehru actually wanted to take military action against what we now call POK to try to get it back. Absolutely right. In fact, it's a longish interview. It's sort of a freewheeling interview about what Sir Roy Buker remembered about his time spent in India and lots of interesting vignettes. Part of that is his conscious recall of what happened during the 1947-48 up to 49 period. And there in a couple of places he refers to a file that he had handed over before he or just around the time when he retired in January 1949 for safekeeping at the Nehru Memorial Museum and Library. I'll tell you just something which I read from some other source regarding his retirement in January 1949. So that set of papers were also mentioned in the index of transcripts maintained by the Nehru Memorial Library. And next to that entry in the catalog in that index, it said closed. Now I was not sure as to why archival papers should be closed for public scrutiny. Now this is without having applied under RTI. This is generally you take a membership. You take a membership of Nehru Memorial Library, you get access to the books that are there in the library and you also get access to the holdings. The microfilms that typed up transcripts of interviews, papers, Nehru's copies of his correspondence, they were all lying there. So ordinarily one should be able to access them with of course completing necessary permissions. They have this curious procedure where you take the director's permission for papers prior to 1947 and you take the chairperson's permission for accessing papers after 1947. This is Government of India papers. So this was part of that. So I went through that whole process, got access to the interview of Sir Roy Bukka and there I found out that he had given a file. I looked up that file. It said it's closed. And then I made enquiries with the senior officers in the Nehru Memorial Library and they said there are two grounds on which certain kinds of papers are closed. Now these are closed under the instructions of the Ministry of External Affairs. So there are two reasons. One is if a government agency says they must be closed or if the donor of the papers say they must be closed. But here in this case the government says so. Here we didn't know. The catalogue merely said closed. Do you know now? Now we know that's the reason why I filed the RTI. I said A, tell me which are all the papers that are available in your holdings that are closed from public scrutiny. Then I specifically asked those given by the central government, those given by the state government. Without getting caught in the technicalities, what your paper, what you were able to see? That includes that transcript of that interview with B. R. Nanda. Does it also include some personal papers of Bukka? No, no. It is just a purely typed out transcript of the interview. And this is Bukka's version of the interview. Bukka's version. No, no. This is Nanda's version of the interview, what he has typed out. And there there is a reference to that Kashmir file. So I said I want to look at that. Right. And what Bukka may have said somewhere else is not there in. No, no. This is exclusively the contents of his interview. So they are part of the closed papers, which we have not, no one has ever given. Yes, yes. Whatever he has given as official documents are closed. Venkatesh, I want to just share something with you which I learned. First thing is that you referred to the retirement of General Bukka in January 1949. Very peculiarly. I, while after deciding that I am going to be talking to you on this very important matter of public interest, I was doing my own reading and I stumbled on a blog written by Mr. Lal Krishna Advani in 2013, where he also talks that he has also been pursuing what General Bukka may have written at various places. And he says that he came across a website, there is no mention as to which particular website it is, that he came across a website where General Bukka's statements and his views are available on various matters related to the history of Kashmir at that point. Now the first thing is that we do not know whether what Mr. Advani is writing is correct or not, but nonetheless what he says is very significant because most of the observations which Mr. Advani presents as a correct observation requiring further study end up exonerating Nehru from the charges that have been leveled against him by the same organization and the party which Mr. Advani has been part of right from the time when he was a youngster. Now he says very interestingly is that General Bukka advised Nehru that militarily it is not possible to establish control and I am quoting parts of it entire Jammu and Kashmir because the British are supporting Pakistan. Bukka also says that Nehru wanted an Indian commander in chief which was Bukka himself in the middle of 1948 about six, seven, eight months before Bukka actually retired and General Karyappa became the first Indian commander in chief. But Bukka said told Mr. Nehru that this is not possible. Let me just make a slide mention that this is also a time when peculiarly the Pakistani counterpart is also British. General Douglas Gracie, he is on the other side. One of the arguments which General Bukka makes in his conversations with Jawaharlal Nehru is that it is going to be very problematic because British are there on both sides. So we cannot end up fighting one another. You know here is the CNC here and on the other side is also a British CNC. Then Bukka also told Nehru that the British did not want an Indo-Pac war and that he says that we feared that there would be hostilities that it would break out thereby we issued secret orders to all British officers to stand down in the event of war. He is very emphatic in his assertion that British did not want India to get the whole of Jammu and Kashmir because then Pakistan would feel very threatened and would eventually get overrun which the British did not want. Now the widespread feeling in London, this is again a direct quote was that if India was in control of areas contiguous to Pakistan the latter would not survive. Top secret cables exchanged between British missions in India, Pakistan and Whitehall tell the true story. He also says that the CNC was receiving instructions from the British High Commission in New Delhi. Now tell me that if this be the case where was Nehru at fault and why this campaign against him? Well, I think again like you quite rightly said in the beginning I hold no brief for any individual and that would apply to Mr. Advani as well. But at the same time I have not seen the source of information that he is making a mention. Ideally it would have been proper for him to mention. Let us leave it at that because it is pointless to comment on something that one hasn't read or seen but the interview that Mr. Nanda had with Sir Roy Buker portrays a very resolute Nehru but in words that certainly do him a lot of, give him a lot of credit. First of all in those extracts of the interview which I have actually made public on our organization's website Sir Roy Buker is reported to have said that he was amazed at the fantastic grasp of military issues that Pandit Nehru had at that point of time particularly in Kashmir that's number one. And number two the extract also mentions that he's got two letters from Pandit Nehru about the possibility of taking the battle into Pakistan. And he says, Sir Roy Buker says he can't quite remember whether those letters are lying with him at home or they are in the file which he has handed over to Nehru Memorial Library and he said he will check up and if they are not there in the library then he will give copies of those letters and he says that it was indicated to him at that point of time that Nehru was contemplating that if the UN mission on Pakistan, Jammu and Kashmir had failed or had not given any sensible solution for cessation of hostilities then he said that the Indian army would have to be prepared to invade Pakistan to enter into Pakistan, go into Pakistan, those are the words that are used. So it is not as if Nehru was somebody who was completely foreclosed all options because of the Panjshila or the peaceful coexistence philosophy that he later on pursued. Panjshila came several years later. Several years later. You talk about 48, 49. Exactly, I mean less than a decade. Panjshila is in the middle of 1950s. 1950s, 1955. The Bandum Conference and all of that. The Bandum Conference and all of that. In 1955. Exactly, so as a leader, as a statesman and as somebody not simply because of the fact that he hailed from Kashmir but because of the strategic importance of that region too newly independent. I think there is another thing which is very clear that what we read about the papers which Mr. Advani quoted. It appears that he also quotes an interview, lengthy interview given by General Sam Manik Shah to an Indian journalist, former editor of Mind Prem Shankar Jha where from those accounts is also clear that as far as Kashmir is concerned there really was not much of a difference of opinion between Nehru and Sadar Patel. One was a more mild mannered person Nehru. Sadar Patel was much more emphatic about saying everything on which both of them may have had the same position. That's the only thing which comes across. There is also a very interesting point which comes across in what Bucher is reported to have said from the website which Mr. Advani quoted is that Nehru had decided to strike at the basis of the raiders in Pakistan but Lord Mountbatten opposed this. Which means that the entire story which has been created that it was Nehru the weakling who just did not do anything and he allowed Pakistan to walk away with so many kilometers of our land and then ended up internationalizing the issue and creating problems for India which can only be solved by a very robust and a masculine Prime Minister representing a Hindu Nationalist School of Thought. In fact, this comes out in another part of the interview of Sir Roy Bucher with Biyarnanda where he says that Nehru was extremely concerned by the fact that there was cross-border shelling happening in the Akhnoor and nearby centers and that shelling couldn't necessarily happen through invaders who are simply armed with small arms. It would have to come from those who are each other. Tribal invaders would not be getting that kind of heavy artillery manpower. So a response to that would necessarily have involved the option of military action into Pakistan. Right. And of course good sense prevailed. We may today wonder whether it was good sense at all or not. There are different views on that. But the question is Sir Roy Bucher says that he was not privy to how the decision making process in the Indian cabinet happened at that point of time. So basically as we get towards the concluding part of our discussion I think there is a very strong case that not just your RTI application but whatever material is there especially on this very important chapter of Indian politics should be made available so that everything is there in the public domain and then we can know whose narrative is correct. Whether the demonization of Nehru is correct or it is not. Yes. In fact that would again all that is being mentioned is a set of papers that are part of one file. Now I wouldn't really say that the entire mystery would be clarified by that but the fact of the matter is this. Nehru Memorial Library is a public authority under the Right to Information Act. It is sitting on a set of papers that have been closed. And which must be made public. More than 70 years. Yes. The issue is this. The RTI Act says that in certain circumstances information can be withheld from public disclosure but there must be a justification. There is no justification. That justification must still be based on the RTI Act. The only justification at this stage is that if we do not release this paper we can continue a false narrative on Nehru and help our present political movement. Quite possibly. Quite possibly. In fact when the government has taken the steps to make a lot of information about Netaji Subash Chandra Bose's disappearance. Public. There is no reason why. There are still some documents which are yet to be made public. Yes. The PA was still sitting on a whole lot of documents. I think it's high time that the government actually reviewed not only the Kashmir papers but practically all the papers that are in the Nehru Memorial Museums and libraries. Not anything which is related to the National Movement. Absolutely. It constitutes affairs of the government of India. Exactly. That must be in the public. I think that's well said. Thank you very much for coming and joining me on this discussion. Yes. History has been crucial weapon for Hindu nationalists in their rise to power. The history of India has been depicted as a period when Muslim rulers subjugated Hindus and the country. It has followed from this argument that Hindus must correct this wrong and this can be done by enlisting behind Hindutva forces. While medieval history is all about interpretation, modern history has gaps which can be filled by more information. Effort to prevent this must be opposed. The labors of historians and researchers to bring out more information in the public domain must be supported and disseminated. Thank you for watching this episode and please do share with friends, family and colleagues.


Medical MOSs tend to be thought of as very versatile. And what that means is that oftentimes we spend a lot of time in an office setting. At the core, what we do is field medicine, especially the 68 whiskey's combat medics. MTF soldiers have a special duality where they need to have top of scope practice with their ICT, their individual critical tasks that are medically oriented for our soldiers. And then we like to complement their skill sets and bring them out to the field environment where they can also practice their soldier skills. So that when they're called upon in future situations in any field environment, they're not only clinically proficient, but they're also tactically proficient. So they're able to do those basic tasks like care under fire, calling for a nine line medevac, land navigation, sea burning, things like that. We're first and foremost soldiers. So this helps us with the tactical skills that we need if we go down range and applying it with our technical skills that we use in the hospital. If we were in like an actual combat zone or in a cash unit, this is something that we would need to know and we would need to learn. So it's good that they're preparing this for like future endeavors and not just what we do right now.  We just come out here and just drill those into them. So when it comes to actually doing it, they know exactly what they need to do. If we can't get to the fight, we can't perpetuate the fight. We can't win the fight. If we can't get to the wounded battle buddy, we can't save the wounded battle buddy. We can't evac the wounded battle buddy. The key thing about being out in the field setting is you take it from the classroom, you take it from the didactic, from the academic mental exercise to putting it in the field setting where you really get to test whether you can apply the skill that you've learned or not. And that's critical. And the expectation is that they're not only medically proficient but that they're army proficient because they've got to show up and be part of a team and lead a team or lead a squad. And I want these exercises to really train them to be on that same space if not better when they go wherever they go because there are ambassadors of the AMED out in the line unit and we have to remain relevant and this is absolutely building into that space and showing that we're always ready and we're always ready to be part of a team.


Hi, I'm Christa Donaldson. I'm the CEO of DRov, and DRov is short for Design Revolution. DRov is a product company that designs medical devices for people who live on less than $4 a day. We believe that design can be used to improve lives and health, no matter where you live. There are three things that are unique about DRov. One is that we design world-class products. That means they perform on par or better than the best products on the market. The second is that we take a market-driven approach. That means that we don't believe in donations or subsidies, but this means that we have to design very good qualities at a radically affordable cost. And this also means that the users get to choose about what they purchase, and if they choose to purchase them, they value them, if they value them, they use them. The third thing is that we take a user-centric approach. And that means not just understanding the users, the end-user, the doctors who use them, the purchasing decision-maker, but also the context in which people live in. You know, how many hours the electricity is on. All those sorts of things that you need to know to design great products. One of our projects is the Remotion Knee. And it's a polycentric prosthetic knee for amputees who've lost their leg above the knee. And it's been fit now on over 5,000 amputees, mostly in India, but in also nine other countries throughout the world. And it's amazing in the sense that when we talk to amputees, they return to school, they return to work. And for example, one of our amputees is a young woman named Pranima, who lost her leg in a car accident. And she told us that once she got fit, she can now return to go back to engineering school. Our product, Brilliance, is a phototherapy device to treat severely Jonas' babies. Jonas is actually the number one reason why babies are readmitted to hospitals. And if he's not treated, it can lead to brain damage or death. The thing is, is most phototherapy devices cost 3,500 US dollars or more. And Brilliance costs about $400, 22,000 rupees. And we've brought it to market and we're now scaling it globally through our partner Phoenix Medical Systems of Chennai, India. And as of today, almost 5,000 babies have been treated.


Hi guys, welcome back to my channel. I can't believe this is week 9. Yes, it's week 9. Holy cow, I can't get over that. So crazy. But I just got done doing my live stream and I hope you guys go and check it out. You don't have to watch the whole thing but it'd be kind of cool if you wanted to work out with me. We could do it together. So I did that actually just right now. I did the 30 minute workout, the ab workout and the arm workout. It was so much fun. I loved going live. I loved doing live streams and getting to have people comment and I can answer back in real time. I think it's so cool. But there I did all of the updates kind of like chit chat. So this video is just going to be basically the b-roll and telling you guys what I did and the update photos. That's probably the main reason why you come here anyway.  So Saturday the 14th I did the 30 minute workout, the ab workout and the arm workout. Then on Sunday I did the 15 minute workout, the ab workout and the arm workout. Then on Monday the 16th I did the 45 minute workout and the ab workout. I'll work out on Tuesdays. I'm actually working at home so Tuesdays and Thursdays are super, super lazy days because I don't even have to go to my office to work because of the whole quarantine and coronavirus. Then on Wednesday I did the 15 minute workout plus the ab workout. The live stream I have no footage for that because I went live. So you can enjoy that in real time. And if you want to hear the updates, you can also go to the live stream. I do the updates at the beginning so you don't have to watch the entire workout. So I do the workouts at the end. And now what you've all been waiting for, the photos. So here are my progress photos. Last week is on the left and this week is on the right. So this is the front view of that. Now going to the side view, these are the side view photos. So last week is on the left and right now is on the right.  And I wanted to take the side view photo. I promise you those pictures are both taken today. It's just before and after workouts. So after the workout I can flex more. I know that sounds silly, but I can flex my abs more so the front view is more attractive and then the side view is less attractive. I don't know why it's because I drink water probably and like the water goes to my little my little pouch down there. So I promise you both of these pictures were taken today. It's just different times. So but I wanted to show you guys like at my best. I'm now switching over to pre-workout. Alex is on the left when right now Alex is on the right. I cannot get over this. I'm so proud of myself and honestly I feel like I can say that because I have not missed a day on my schedule of working out and I'm so happy about that. Here is the side view. So on the left is pre-workout. Alex and on the right is right now Alex. So proud of myself again and you guys can totally do this you know. I'm going to start committing more to food. When my fit life foods get back in it's going to be a lot easier. Plus there's not a lot of stuff at the store so it really really sucks. But now I'm getting off on a tangent. I hope you guys enjoyed this video. Give it a thumbs up if you did. Don't forget to check out my live stream. Subscribe and I'll see you guys in my next video. Bye!