Hi everybody, Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com coming at you with 2021, Tops Fiest Baseball 8 box. Pick your team number 12 from jaspyscasebreaks.com. A very big thanks to everybody here who got into the action on Tuesday, July the 6th, 2021. It's Eric with that last spot mojo, Houston Astros, and there's the fresh case right there doing all eight boxes. Got two chrome autographs from Masterbots. A lot of fun parallels in here. A lot of great autographs and finest. It's been around for a while, pretty popular product. And we were able to fill it without any filler, so I appreciate that too. Thank you. All right, good luck. Here we go. Oh, the autograph is here already. It's Michael Conforto. It's not the autograph. 65 out of 75, though, Michael Conforto. That got me. David Chan with the Metropolitan's. Apparently there's some power issues going out in the New York area, so be careful out there. There's the auto. Tyler Stevenson. 149 out of 150. Rookie autograph for the Reds, Ethan Cook with Cincinnati. There's the Wilson Contreras. And behind JD Martinez is Freddie Freeman, Green Speckle. 109 out of 125. That'll go to I, Capola, and the Atlanta Braves. And a nice Ryan Mountcastle autograph. 44 out of 99. And Green Shimmer autograph for the Orioles. Richard. He's been playing some good baseball. Ryan Mountcastle hitting the ball real well. And there's Yachty to 250. He's also turned back the clock a little bit, Yachty. There it is. Graham with the Cardinals. We've got the Marlins in the bottom of the ninth. Runners on first and second. Games tied 1-1. Let's see if my daughter's going to hold off the Marlins here. We'll take it to extras. There's an out. All right, next box. We did have the game one of the NBA Finals on in the background, but the Suns are cruising. What's happening in baseball today? Anything exciting happening in baseball today? There's rain that postponed the Indians' raise game. Indians at-raise? Aren't they in a don't? Rain postponing brewers at Mets. Or is it power? Not sure. Rangers beat the Tigers 10-5. Pirates edged out the Braves 2-1. Orioles beat the Blue Jays 7-5. Yankees already up 6-0 on the Mariners. Oh, right, right, right, right, right. The approaching hurricane. Yeah, you don't want people out and about there. Yeah, careful on Florida too. Yankees already up 6-0 on the Mariners in the second. Nationals and Padres are scoreless in the fourth. Cardinals leading the Giants 4-2 in the bottom of the fourth. In Arizona, Diamondbacks have a 3-2 lead through some more scores at the next box. Let's see what's happening here. There's Joey Gallo, gold to 2-50. And that will be for Icappola and the Rangers. There's Santiago Espinale for Toronto. That will be for Sean O. And there is a purple Shohei Otani to 2-50. Front runner for the AL MVP with the way he's been hitting. And pitching. Thanks, Cabrion Hayes. Mookie Betts to 1-99, 007 out of 1-99. He missed a great bases loaded opportunity earlier in this Dodgers at Marlin. Wait, how come they didn't postpone the Miami game? They're still playing. Maybe that's Tormus elsewhere. Higher up further north up the state. There's Jazz Chisholm, Cabrion Hayes. And there's Luis Camposano for the Padres, Sean O'Leary. Oh, it's coming up the golf side. Okay, okay, that makes sense. It's Pita Lanzo to 1-75. That's for the Mets, David. And the next box. This is loaded, Dodgers. Come out, come on. Oh, I thought that ball got away from the catcher for a second. In Anaheim, Angel leading the Red Sox 3-1, top of the 6th. And Houston Astros leading the A's, 9-6, bottom of the 8th. In the top of the 9th, Reds are leading the Royals in Kansas City, 6-3. Man, Philly's up 15-7 on the Cubs. Everyone took the over on that game, right? Scott Alexander for the Dodgers trying to get out of this base's loaded situation here. Base is loaded 1-out, bottom of the 9th game is tied 1-1. Jazz Chisholm, trying to be hashtag good for the hobby. All right, there's nice Mike Trout die cut for the Halos. That's going to be for Sean O. Is baseball my favorite sport, Alex is asking? Yeah, I would say so. I probably know the most about baseball, to be honest with you. 31-out of 50, Jesus Sanchez for the fish, Patrick Davis. There's Davy Garcia for the Yankees. That's going to be for Steve. Getting that Yankees autograph. Congrats. Braylon Marquez to 2-50. That's going to go to the Cubs. That'll be for Richard A. And there's Luis Garcia, green to 99. Chris Walker with the Nets. Oh, you can't walk this guy in. There's Santiago Espinado, 23-out of 99. Sean O. with Toronto. Charlie Blackman, shimmer to 175. Wow, he struck him out. Next box. All right, pitching change for the Dodgers. They're still facing bases loaded for Blake Trinen. Let's flip back to the game one of the NBA finals. Anything exciting happening here? I can't imagine this is the finals that TV television advertisers won. It's good for their respective fan, but hey, listen, if Yankees can pull this off, if he can, because the Suns are the favorites, if he can win, put a championship under his belt on his resume, that would be hashtag good for the hobby. Someone was asking earlier, hey, the Suns win the championship, how much does CP3 cards go up?  There's really nothing that says that. But those CP3 rookie cards should get a boost. Yankees stuff, too. If Yankees pulls it off and wins. Sam Huff to 150. Ooh, nice Vlad Guerrero Jr. autograph. 46 out of 50. He's having a great year. Sean O'Leary with the Bluebirds, and Tetease Jr. to 250 back here. Got the U-Darvish back here to 300 for the Padres, that's going to be for Sean, and a Braylon Marquez autograph for the Cubbies. Richard Atlas with Chicago. Bruce saying Alex Bregman, best player on the planet. There he is right there, the 199. Eric Jennings with the Astros. I think Tetease Jr. might have something to say about that. Shoyo Tani may have something to say about that. All right, halfway through this full case break. Good luck, everybody. Drew Alde, you got to make those shots if you want to get into this game. Kyle wants at least two Kansas City cards. Should be able to find at least two. There's Clark Schmidt to 150. Steve with the Yankees. And a Clark Schmidt autograph. 17 out of 99. Justin saying, dang, just saw a stat that the Cubs have been outscored 83 to 29 in their last 11 games. That is an out. I said from the beginning of the season that starting pitching is going to be an issue for the Cubs.  There's Max Scherzer 250. And that is for Chris and the Nationals. There's Joe Adele. That's a different parallel here. That's pretty cool. That is for the Angels. That's for Sean O. There's the 300. Spencer Howard for the Phillies, Eric Jennings. And there's Orion Jeffers. Minnesota Twins, that's going to go to Richard. And there's Justin Verlander 25. It'll be for Eric Jennings and the Astros. I'll use your baseball. Luis Robert Beaumont Sterling. On-card autograph out of five. Time to get it graded. Got a 9-10 out of it. Yeah, Luis Robert is... Well, the unfortunate thing is he looked pretty good last year, but I think everyone's waiting to see how he did over the course of a full season this year. But unfortunately, injuries have gotten the way. So TBD on Luis Robert. When healthy, he's supposed to be one of the top young prospects in the game. But thankfully, he's still really young. So that's one to hold on to and wait for him to come back healthy. Put a couple seasons under his belt. Maybe get some all-stars here and there. But Skye could be the limit for a guy like Luis Robert. And he's on a good team, too. He's got a good young team. They could all grow together. Very similar window. Joe, is that a friend of yours? Are they calling the pirate? Next box. There's legacies of Vlad Guerrero Jr. and Roberto Almar in the background. 13 out of 50. Toronto for Sean. And a finest moments autograph. 22 out of 25. Juan Soto. Nice on-card autograph for Chris Walker and the Nats. There's Nate Pearson to 250. For Brian Hayes Jazz Chisholm. Looks like I missed that last batter in the bottom of the knife for the Marlins, but it looks like... Well, they're an extra, so Dodgers got him out. That's Kyle Lewis to 300 for Seattle. Chris Walker with the M's. Yeah, actually, that good eye, Oliver. 22 out of 25. That is his jersey number. That does give some cards a little boost in value, too. And there's a Jazz Chisholm autograph. 100 out of 150. The young Marlins star going to Patrick Davis in Miami. 100 out of 150. All right, next box. Wait, don't runners... Oh, never mind. There's an out. It's the top of the 10th inning, and I was like, don't runners start at second? Why is there only a man on first? And I realized there was an out, so that runner on second must have been called out in some situation. Ooh, that's a single, Gavin Lux. I wish that lead runner wasn't out. All right, next box. Marlins, I believe, have a sneaky good team, especially that pitching staff, that starting pitching staff. There's some real talent there. All right, thanks, everybody. Next box, here we go. There's a Mike Traup die cut for the Angels. That's for Sean. Sometimes we've seen these numbered, I think there's autograph possibilities for those die cuts as well. Max Kepler to 150. Twin, that's going to be for Richard. Luis Campuzano, two out of five. Out of fives and under, get the train whistle. That's for Sean O'Leary and San Diego. Nice, red wave out of five. Sean, all aboard the Big Hit Express. Woo-hoo! Nice. And there's Walker Bueller right there, too, to 250 for Elliott. He's been having a great season. He's a senior for the Rays, 300. It's going to go to Richard. 273 out of 300. There's Anolia Perettis. Autograph for Eric Jennings. Last spot, Mojo. 70% of the time, last spot, Mojo hits. 100% of the time. Math works out. And there's Aaron Nola at a 99. Eric with the Phillies. Final box, coming up, ladies and gents. Two more autographs to go. Two and two to the count on Albert Pujols. One out, top of the 10. Dodgers have runners on first and second. Let's go, Albert. I'm not sure if I'm expecting a home run from Albert Pujols, but just a hit would be great. I'll take that. Even a walk, just get on base. Inning, ending, double play. That's precisely the opposite thing that I wanted, Albert. That's the last thing that you're supposed to do. The inning, ending, double play. I've taken a fly out. I've taken a ground out to first. That doesn't result in a double play. Anything but the inning, ending, double play. Final box, good luck. We've got Jordan Alvarez. 114 out of 125. Speckled for Eric and the Astros. We've got Raphael Marchand. 14 out of 150. It's another one for Eric Jennings. He got the Phillies. Francisco Lendor to 250 for the Mets, David. There's one Royals card right here, Kyle, with Maryfield. And there's Luan Diaz to 199 for the Marlins. Patrick Davis, we're going to see them in the bottom of the 10th here. And a Mauricio Dubon. Giant's autograph for Gary. There's Vlad Aguero Jr. to 175, Toronto. I think that's it. Let's see if we can find a low-numbered parallel before we get to the end. Yachty, JT, Matt Chapman, Kyle Lewis, and Max Kepler at dance. You're welcome, Kyle. I wish there was more, man. There must have been a couple Royals cards at the beginning. I wasn't really paying attention, but hey, I appreciate you getting in, though. I appreciate everybody getting in. Whether you've got stuff or not, thank you so much. I'm Joe for Jaspyscasebreaks.com. Can we do a quick little recap? Here's what we got out of here. That red Campusano was nice.  That Juan Soto was great. Some gold Guerrero Jr. It wasn't a bad break at all. Luis Campusano, Ryan Mountcastle, Tyler Stevenson. Very nice. That was Finest Picker Team Number 12. I'm Joe for Jaspyscasebreaks.com. I'll see you next time for the next one. Bye-bye.


So I'm going to be presenting you a new Deerun V1.5 features. So these, if not yet, it's mainnet for Deerun, but they are being tested and testnet. So maybe a quick reminder, Deerun stands for Distributed Randomness, and it is an open source software we've been developing, just like a lot of other open source software we're developing. And Deerun is used by the League of Entropy to run a free public randomness service so that anybody can query public verifiable randomness from the League of Entropy network running Deerun.  You have Deerun that can provide random becomes. And the nice thing about Deerun is that it's fully decentralized. So you only need a threshold of nodes to be working as intended for it to work properly and for the whole randomness to be safe and predictable, as well as bias-resistant. And the very nice thing as well is that it's very stable. So you can take the Deerun becomes, and there is a very easy way of verifying them by just checking a BLS signature against a given public key for the League of Entropy. If that signature verifies, you can be sure that Deerun is valid and has been properly generated by the League of Entropy working together with a threshold of nodes collaborating to produce it. So that is a few nice properties. And as I said, it's open source written in Go. And it's using a lot of fancy cryptography behind the hood, such as variable stable secret sharing, distributed key generation. But a pretty important thing here is that it's based on BLS signatures, which stands for Benel in Chacham signatures. And more precisely, these BLS signatures are instantiated on the BLS-12381 elliptic curve, which is a pairing-friendly curve. And that is quite important for what comes next. Because BLS-12381 is an elliptic curve where you have two groups on the pairing operation from these two groups, G1 and G2, onto a target group GT. And an important thing about these groups is that group G1 is a regular group of size 381 bits. But G2 is a bit bigger. It's an extension field of dimension 2. And so it has two coordinates of size 381 bits. And GT is even much bigger. It's a 12th extension field of G1. So it's like 12 coordinates. But this is not too important because we're never storing GT values. We're always storing G1 or G2 values. And currently, Deer Run works by having its public key on G1. So it means the public key for the group is 48 bit bytes. And signatures for each beacon are on G2. So each signature is 96 bytes. But there is actually no good reason for it to be like that. And that just means we have pretty big signatures and small public keys. And usually people do that because they have a lot of transactions being signed by many public keys. And they want to include them in the block. And you can aggregate all signatures into a single signature pretty easily with BLS. But you cannot do so with the public keys because you want to know which address corresponds to which transaction. You need it to do verification, basically. So what people usually do is that they have short public keys and big signatures because at the end of the day, they will aggregate all the signatures into a single one. But that is not how Deer Run works. Each beacon has its own signature. And we never aggregate signatures in Deer Run. So for Deer Run, it would make more sense to have a big public key, just one. And then a lot of small signatures for each beacon. And this is exactly what we've done. So here is the anatomy of a Deer Run beacon as it was previously. So the signature Run G2 is encoded as a compressed point in hexadecimal. So it's taking 192 bytes, which is pretty big. And it even sometime was storing the previous signature, which is also a hundred and ninety-two bytes. And then we also have the randomness value, which could be derived from the signature. So in theory, we could just give the run number and the signature. And that should be enough for anybody to verify a Deer Run beacon and use the Deer Run beacon to produce the randomness they need. So that was how it looked previously. Now, with our new scheme, using G1 for signatures, everything is much more compact. Because now we have the signatures, which are only taking 48 bytes, which encoded in X is only 96 bytes. And that is much nicer for our HTTP realize because it's taking less bandwidth to transmit to the clients. And it's also much nicer to store. And this means we could save at least 37% of space on bandwidth just by switching to a new scheme using G1 for signatures and G2 for public keys. But we didn't just stop there. And so because using swapped groups also has other signification for many people that will be very interesting, it is that the fact of verifying a BLS signatures on G2 is quite expensive. As you can see here, the gas costs, as estimated, if it was running on Ethereum, the gas costs of verifying a signature on G2 would be roughly 226,000 gas. And now with the swapped groups, since G1 signatures are much smaller, they are faster to verify on Ethereum and on any blockchain that is supporting BLS actually. And so now it would only cost like 156,000 gas roughly. And these are estimates because Ethereum hasn't shipped native BLS support yet. So it's taking brain of soul there. Anyway, we also didn't stop there because we noticed, well, we want to launch a new network for DRUN to use these new signature schemes. But if we were to launch a new network, we thought we could do more things. One feedback we had from DRUN users was that 30 seconds is long. While filecoin block time is exactly 30 seconds, and it's fine for most filecoin users, people were running applications that need randomness that is verifiable in a more frequent manner or a bit constrained by the 30 seconds frequency of the DRUN network. Like if you are, I don't know, a casino, you might want to be able to run a new draw every three or five seconds. So we were planning on increasing the frequency of the new main network to five or three seconds. And that increased frequency would mean we would need to store maybe 10 times more beacons. So we looked at, oh, we were storing beacons and we realized it was not very efficient because we were storing them just like we were serving them under HTTP relays. That means we were storing them in XZSML encoding, which is twice the size of plain binary encoding. And we were also including the previous signature in each beacon. But that previous signature is actually already stored since it's just the previous beacon's signature. So you could just query the previous beacon and you would get that previous signature. So we are currently storing signatures twice. And that is not great because it's, yeah, storage, we don't need to waste. And everything was being stored in a bold DB file. And bold DB is a plain key value database written in Go and everything is stored in a single file. And one thing we noticed is that bold DB is not super charting and it's pretty slow when you have a big file. Like if you have a database that is waiting a few gigabytes, you are talking about hundreds or even hundreds of milliseconds or even seconds to perform one get or put operation. And that is pretty slow. And the bigger the database, the slower it gets. And we also have people asking us if they could store maybe the beacons in a MySQL or PostgreSQL database. And so we decided to rewamp our wall storage backends for Giren. So we optimized the existing bold DB backend. We are now using binary representation for the signatures. So that is as compact as it's possible. And we are also, we've tweaked our bold DB settings to use a few percent of a hundred percent because bold DB is using a B3 implementation. And basically, since Giren is only happening new data at the end, we never need to put them in the middle of the database. So we can just fill the database as compactly as we want. And that has allowed us to get a very nice, like a very nice performance increase. So currently storing or getting data from our bold DB backend is almost a hundred times faster, which is great. We're talking about the tens of milliseconds now instead of hundreds or even seconds. And also it allowed us to significantly shrink the existing database size by a factor of almost five, going under a gigabyte for all the past data Giren has been storing for the past two and a half year. And then we also, since we were working on storage, we thought we could just add a few new backends. And that's what we did. So we added a PostgreSQL backend which allows a node to connect to a PostgreSQL database and store the beacon there. So they don't need to care about backups and data integrity is the database administrator that need to care about that. And also we added an in-memory backend because at the end of the day, we want as many partners to participate in the League of Entropy. And we don't want the partners to leave the League of Entropy because it's taking too much disk or whatsoever. The most important thing being that we have a lot of people that are participating to the threshold network to increase the trust we can put in that threshold network. Because the idea behind Giren's threshold network is that you trust that there is never threshold amount of malicious nodes. Also you trust that the current members are not corrupt. And so the more members we have, if you can see a couple of people you know in there, it increases the trust people would put in the system. And so that is a win for us. And so the in-memory backend allows you to skip storing beacons to disk and you would just throw maybe the thousand or 2000 last beacons, which are anyway the ones people are most interested in using, you know, and the one that are getting queried from the relays most often. And that's it. That's what we are launching in Giren v1.5. The League of Entropy is actually going to be launching a new main network using the new cryptographic scheme as well as the new backend, the new storage backends in March on the 1st of March. This is very cool because it will enable us to do time lock encryption on Giren mainnet, which is a super excited feature we're very excited about here. And that we're hoping to bring to FVM and to, yeah, like to have more people using time lock encryption very soon. And finally, yeah, you can check the blog if you want to learn more about it. We will be publishing blog posts about the new cryptographic scheme, the storage backend, time lock, and so on in the upcoming weeks. And if you want a quick demo, I can show you the testnet implementation. So currently I told you we launched on testnet. So we have the HTTP relay here. You can see we have three chains. And if I go to the oldest chain, we can see it's a Pedersen BLS chain, the scheme. And so it's, if we look at the beacons, also I looked, we can look at the latest beacon. We can see we have a short, relatively short randomness encoded as X. Then we have a pretty big signature as well as a pretty big preview signature. If we look at the new network, it's using the BLS Unchained on G1 scheme instead. So it has a much bigger public key compared to the old network, if we compare them. But instead, if we go to the latest signature, the latest beacon we can see now we're not providing the previous signature because this is an unchained scheme. So we don't need the previous signature to verify the beacons. And the signature is also much smaller. That's it I guess for my demo. Thank you for watching. If you're in Tokyo next month for Real World Crypto, a quick shout out. We are organizing a randomness summit. So if you attend the Real World Crypto, don't hesitate to check out the randomness summit link. It's a free event. It will be in the same venue as Real World Crypto. And yeah, I'm looking forward to questions or seeing yous early.


OK, thank you. So this is joint work with Dan Schumow from Microsoft Research. So randomness is essential for cryptography. And as such, a secure PRG underpins the majority of cryptographic applications. Now, at the same time, there's a growing list of real-world PRG failures, which bear out the fact that often when an underlying PRG is broken, the security of the reliant application falls apart with it. And so this makes exploiting a weakness in the underlying PRG a highly attractive target for attackers. And so it's of absolute importance that standardized PRGs, which are going to be very widely used, are designed to be as secure as possible. So the NIST SP890A standard gives three mechanisms for building PRGs, each of which is based on a different primitive. So there's the counter-DRBG, which is based on the block cipher. There's the HMAC-DRBG, which is based on HMAC. And there's a hash-DRBG based on a strong cryptographic hash function. So in terms of the security properties of these generators, of course, we need to make sure that the output is pseudo-random. But in practice, we really want some stronger properties from PRGs, which guarantee that in the event an attacker can compromise a state, then we preserve as much security as is possible. And this is captured by these strongest security notions of forward security or backtracking resistance in the NIST parlance and prediction resistance. And the standard claims that all the constructions possess these stronger security properties. Now, earlier revisions of this standard contain the now-infamous Julie C-DRBG. And perhaps because of the attention that was paid to the Julie C, these other algorithms, despite their widespread deployment, have received surprisingly patchy formal analysis to date. So what we mean by this is that while there have been proofs of the pseudo-randomness of the counter-DRBG and the HMAC-DRBG, as far as we are aware, these stronger security properties, which are claimed in the standard, are still unproven. Now, at the same time, there's a lot of flexibility in the standard in the terms of optional inputs and implementation choices. And these flexibilities are often abstracted away in existing analysis. So in this work, we aim to address these gaps in analysis on two fronts. So as an initial positive result, we prove the forward security of each of the NIST PRGs. And this seems great. But then we find that taking a closer look at flexibility in the standard, the standard allows the PRGs to be used in ways which introduce attack vectors, which aren't covered by forward security. And what we find is that when these attack vectors are taken into account, then security can break down in unexpected ways. And I'm going to give two examples of this in this talk. So the key take-home message is that, while not catastrophically broken, the NIST standard allows these PRGs to be used in ways which may admit vulnerabilities. Okay, so when we think about PRGs as usually defined in the literature, we have some states which is initially constructed from a high entropy seed. And then every time we need pseudo-random bits, we can call an algorithm generate, which takes its input, the state, and returns an updated state and a fixed length pseudo-random output R. Now the NIST PRGs are specified differently in that the standard allows one to request outputs of variable length in each call to generate. And these outputs can be large. The standard allows up to two to the 19 bits to be requested in each call to generate. So this is an example of this flexibility that we're talking about in that, depending on the limits an implementer may set on how much output can be requested in each call, we could have two instantiations of the same generator, which look very different. And at the same time, this is gap between how PRGs look in theory and the specification of the NIST PRGs. So forward security, which is stated as a security goal by the standard, says that if some point in time an attacker can compromise the state of the generator, then all output which has been produced prior to the point of compromise remains pseudo-random, even conditioned on knowledge of that state. So in this work, we prove the forward security of each of the NIST PRGs under the assumption that the initial state is constructed correctly. And this is certainly a positive result, but given how we've just seen that the NIST PRGs don't look like the ones in the literature, which this definition was designed to capture, this raises the question of is forward security covering off all attack vectors against the NIST PRGs and giving us sufficient assurance that they will remain as secure as is possible in the event that the state is compromised. So to answer this question, we need to take a closer look at how output generation works in the NIST PRGs. And what we find is that under the hood of the generator algorithm, there's effectively an internal PRG, which is defined in the usual sense of returning a fixed length output on each invocation. So to respond to these requests for variable length outputs, the generate algorithm iteratively calls its underlying PRG multiple times until sufficiently many blocks have been produced. And then once this is done, it performs a proper state update step, which is distinct from the state updates performed by the underlying PRG. And it's this proper state update which gives forward security. So as an example of this for the counter DRBG, this iterative process corresponds to simply running AES in counter mode with a fixed key. And you'll recall that up to two to 19 bits of output can be generated in each call. So this corresponds to up to two to 12 AES computations with a fixed key in each generate call. So there's a lot of active computation going on under the hood. But then this raises the question of what if there's something like a side channel and the key used in this iterative process is compromised. Now at the same time, there's an efficiency consideration at play here in that these proper state updates slow things down. And this is a similar observation to that made by Dan Bernstein in a blog post about the counter DRBG, which appeared concurrently to our work. And so in light of this, what emerges as an appealing use choice in terms of efficiency is to generate all the output required for your application upfront in a single generate call. So then we'll have some output from this call being used for secret values such as keys, while other output from the same call will be being used for public values like nonces. So we found ourselves wondering how secure is this approach if part of the state could be compromised by an attacker during the output generation process. And you can see that forward security tells us nothing about this because forward security only considers the effect of state compromise after the state has properly updated at the conclusion of a generate call. Whereas for the NISPRGs, the picture really looks more like this where there's potentially large amounts of computation going on on each state during the generation process. And yet this effect of state compromise during output generation has been overlooked up until now. So to address this, we came up with a new informal security model which was inspired by the way it was shown that the Jule C could be exploited in TLS handshakes. So we imagine using our generator to generate multiple blocks of output in a single generate call. And then we suppose the attacker manages to learn partial state information for example by a side channel at some arbitrary point in the call in conjunction with a single block of output which may have been used for a public value such as a nonce. And then we're going to challenge our attacker to compute unseen output. So we're going to ask him to compute both output produced before and after the compromise block within that generate call. And we're also going to see if he can compute all future output. So in an ideal world we'd really like it to be that to compute any unseen future output an attacker should have to compromise the whole state of the generator. And we'd also like it to be that under no circumstances should he ever be able to compute past output. So do the NISPRGs achieve these goals. So we analyzed each of the NISPRGs within this framework and you can see that none of them achieve all of these goals with the counter DRBG faring especially badly. And the high level intuition for this is that you'll recall that these variable length outputs are generated by iterating an underlying PRG. And it turns out that these underlying PRGs are certainly not forward secure and actually really vulnerable if part of the state is compromised to the extent of allowing an attacker to compute unseen output. So this approach of generating all the output up front in a single generate call is rendered really quite insecure by these attacks. And of course the more output generated the greater the damage is going to be. So I'm going to very briefly give another example of one of these flexibilities which introduces less desirable security properties. So there's an option in the standard to feed strings of additional input to the NISPRGs as a way of introducing a bit more entropy into the state during output generation. And crucially the standard allows this additional input to contain secrets. Now there's two variants of the counter DRBG in the standard one of which uses a derivation function and if the derivation functions use additional input is first processed before it's incorporated into the state but if it's not used the additional input will be exorded in directly. And this is an appealing use choice in terms of efficiency but what we show is that this can actually be really insecure in certain circumstances an attacker who learns the state can then easily recover these strings of additional input from subsequent public output which is especially troubling given that the additional input contains secrets. So just to wrap up while we're not saying by any means that these generators are totally broken what we are saying is that the overly flexible standard allows them to be used in ways which may admit vulnerabilities. So our recommendations are that firstly standard should not be overly flexible and any security claims should be proved before algorithms are standardized. Now at the same time all these use cases that are being doubted as being less secure are at the same time desirable in terms of efficiency. And so designing PRGs which achieve an optimal balance between security and efficiency is a really important direction for future work. Now finally on the theoretical side we've seen there's this gap between how PRGs look in theory and how they're specified in practice so making sure that our theoretical models adequately capture real-world PRGs rather than abstracting away all these messy details is a really important step to get a clearer picture of what is possible here. So that's all for me we're going to be putting a paper on E-Print next week for the details and thank you very much for listening. Any very quick questions? Okay let's talk to the speaker again, well done. Cool.


Welcome to the second face-to-face session on workplace communication. I would straight away go to some centres just to check in that if we are working on minutes, how many people are there on time? Should we go to the remote centres? I'm sure you all must have had a wonderful lunch. Hello. Very good afternoon ma'am. Good afternoon and welcome back. I have a question ma'am about an interview. Yes ma'am. Which was in the first session, in the soft scale session. Okay, go ahead. How a person increased their confidence level? How will a person improve on their confidence level is the question which one of the remote centres have asked. We are now, we have moved into workplace communication and because his question is pertinent to workplace communication, let's take it. So in order to improve your confidence level, you have to start working on it. If it is interview, if it is a project, if it is a presentation, it could be anything, any form of communication. But if you want to come across as a confident person, you need to work on your knowledge base and you need to work on your communication skills. And some of the barriers to communication are psychological barriers. It is fear to fail. So let's face it. Unless and until we target that fear, we cannot move ahead. In any form of communication, it could be interviews, it could be presentations, it could be written communication. Even before sending an email perhaps or a letter, writing a brief note. Perhaps you would wonder many a times what should I write, what should I write. So unless and until you have worked on your knowledge quotient and your communication skills, that psychological barrier has been taken care of, we cannot move ahead. And in order to move, take care of the psychological barrier, friends, it is important that we concentrate on how we are interacting with people. We need to have our friends, our peer group around us who could tell us that this is the place where you can improve. This is the place where you actually have gained mastery. This is something which you can, which is your strength and you must work on it when you are there for a presentation or an interview. So it is a psychological barrier which you have to pass a psychological threshold. And for that, start working now, start working in group, start doing mirror practices. What you could do, you could just take up an interview topic. You can just take a question, prepare an answer to it and rehearse it before a mirror. When you are making that presentation, rehearse before a mirror. Record it just to find out how you sound when you are making the presentation. So is that okay? Sardar Patel Institute of Technology. Hello, good afternoon. Good afternoon. It seems you all have had a good lunch. Yeah, sure. Yes. Are you ready to post questions to us? Yes, ma'am. Thank you, go ahead. I am coordinated from Sardar Patel Institute of Technology. Lovely. I will hand over the mic to my students so that they will ask a question to you. Okay, thank you. Hello ma'am. Hello. Good afternoon ma'am. My name is Saurabh Thakur. I want to ask something. If you interview, we will ask about, tell me about yourself something. So how can I pose that question? You know on my frame, I have six of you here. Tell me how many of you have seen the videos that were sent to you? Did you go through the video? Yes, ma'am. Yes? Okay, lovely. Then I am happy to answer your question. Did you all go through the video? Honest answer? Yes or no? Yes, ma'am. How many of you went through those videos? Please put your hands up. Honest answer. I love that integrity. Some who did not go through it did not raise their hand and I really appreciate this integrity. But I would want you all. We are working very hard and we are really enjoying our job interacting with you all. So please go through those videos. They would definitely help you out. As far as try, tell me something about yourself is concerned. I had mentioned earlier also in my previous soft skill communication that you need to prepare for it, prepare an answer because you know it is going to come. Prepare an answer, do not memorize it but rehearse it, record it. And I said what you could do is you could start with where you were born, your birthplace perhaps because even if I tell you that does not matter, you would definitely bring it in as a fresher. Then you could move on to academics. Then you could move on to what you love doing and how you see yourself exploring the avenues with that particular form. So this is what your introduction should be. It should be crisp and it should be prepared although you should appear conversational over there. Please go through the recordings because I had elaborated on this question in the previous session. Thank you. Is there any question on workplace communication? I will be happy to answer. Thank you ma'am. Pleasure dear. Any other query? No ma'am. Thank you. Hey Rumul college. Last minute ma'am. I have a question. How to communicate multicultural surroundings? Lovely. Very good. You know we have, we are moving in a global atmosphere with technological advancement. It is technology that has brought us together. You and me interacting like this is technology and this technology takes a global manifestation. So when we talk about globalization we must bring in and we must be mindful of the cross-cultural communication. My first suggestion is that when you are travelling, when you are in a different cultural zone, your first action should be to be watchful. Try to assimilate the culture. Try to see what is the, understand the culture of the people for a couple of days. And if you are not staying there for a couple of days, if you are staying there perhaps for five or six hours and yet you have to interact with those people as it happens in meetings and all, be absolutely professional and be watchful of your gestures. Because the gestures have different implications in different culture. So before using it is much better to understand them. Normally we use this signal as okay it's good this is used as thumbs up but all these may have a different connotation if you are travelling to some Latin American country. So here I would say that be mindful of what your gestures and before talking just be a little careful about what your intonation is, how you are speaking with them. It's the culture like in an American culture if you are working for an American multinational over there they are pretty casual about things. Although their written documentation is perfect but the work atmosphere perhaps would be a little casual it would be on a first name basis. But if you are working for a British company there the work culture would be different. In Japan the work culture is more relaxed we call them high context culture simply because they wish to have long term relationships with you and therefore they would talk about families also. So we need to be very careful about these things. Would you like to add on to the question dear? Okay the question raised by one of the centres is how to overcome physical barriers. So what are physical barriers? What do you understand by physical barrier? Very good, so let us suppose that there are three chairs straight. We have to communicate for the next four to five hours okay and suddenly there is some issue with the air conditioner. Fine we are trying to reach you out and there is noise disruption. So all these would be physical barriers okay. And there is one more question dear. Okay. So how to overcome nervousness during interview? I think most of the participants here have attended the soft skills portion also and they are coming back to interview skills and group discussion questions. Friends we have started on workplace communication but yes that is a continuation and so I will take this. I would appreciate if the questions pertain to workplace communication. But then how to hold your nervousness? Tell me students what makes you nervous before an interview? The fear of failure. I have spoken about these things in the previous session. So if the students have not attended the previous session they may please go back to the slides and look for these answers for the time being what makes you feel nervous is the fear of failure. First and foremost we need to combat that. We need to prepare answers to the standard questions and we need to rehearse it, mirror practice it. We need to practice mock interviews and record them so that we actually get a feeling of how we are doing in an interview. And these should be done at a professional level. It shouldn't be a mere practice session. You should get into the mock interview mode with a professional tone. We will take another centre I guess. Sagar Institute, Bhopal welcome back. Good afternoon. My name is Sujit Kumar. My question is what are the challenges in workplace communication? How can we become perfect in this area? Sujit may I request your understanding of workplace communication first. What is workplace communication? And if we are talking about challenges there could be several but what particularly are you looking at? One of the centres, Sujit from one of the centres has just asked us what are the challenges at workplace communication? Go ahead. I think in workplace communication we face challenges. We have different kinds of people. We have to interact with different attitudes and different languages. We have to face them. So we have to understand their problems and what are their solutions? You know what? The answer is embedded in the question or the statement you just made. You said we work with people from different backgrounds and they have different attitudes. So in workplace communication obviously we would have people from all over the place. And it is the perfect example of a team evolving and doing extremely well because they bring in different observations. They bring in freshness and therefore it is very important to try and help emerge a team out of it. You know we talk about here again we could go to one particular aspect. It is like you form a group then you negotiate within the group then certain explanations and expressions emerges from the group and now you finalize it and you work towards the results. All these would involve an understanding of cross culture communication. When you see a people and a particular behavior do not judge them immediately. So let us suppose for example if I may say I hail from Bihar but I have lived most of my life in Delhi, some of my life in UP and now I have been in Mumbai for a long time. So I have seen all these places. So I find that in Bihar normally people would not speak much especially for the interviews but once they are geared in, they are zoned in they would start formulating answers Delhi again. We have people who really might become leaders. Bombay is very professional. So when we meet people from all these areas they are going to add to the group. How would you deal with people who is euphoric? If you do not deal with the people I would say, deal with the issue how would you adapt to the people? You do not have to adapt to the people. You have to take care of what he brings on the table. So if somebody has a loud tone of voice for a moment negate it see what he has brought on the table and later perhaps he would watch you all talking at a softer tone and he would understand which tone is suitable for workplace communication. Now if somebody is very loud and he needs to be told that you are loud this should happen within closed doors. Over there you could let the person know that perhaps this is the reason why people find it difficult to communicate with him. So adaptability comes with understanding with patience and with giving the people around you the margin to explore and explain themselves. Does that help? Yes sir. Thank you. Good afternoon ma'am. Good afternoon dear. We are very glad that we can interact with you. Lovely. Thank you so much ma'am for this opportunity. I want to ask one question. How should body language is the most important thing? When we enter the room they start observing us so how should we enter and how should we sit there and how should we go because they observe us till we move from their room. Ma'am over to you. Okay dear. Rehearse this before coming for the interview. Once you've dressed up in your room just walk to the mirror see what your profile looks like okay and whichever profile suits you try to emulate that particular profile when you are entering. Post entering wait for them for say 5 seconds to 10 seconds to ask you to make yourself comfortable. It could be the case that they have been looking at the resume or certain other things and have forgotten to tell you to make yourself comfortable. So if it is post 10 to 10 seconds ask them may I and then you can sit down okay wish them if it is good morning wish them good morning if it is good afternoon wish them good afternoon and take your seat they would definitely tell you make yourself comfortable so please make yourself comfortable. Do not sit on the edge of the chair if you have seen my videos you would have seen the body language that I don't sit on the over there we've shown that don't sit on the edge of the chair because if you sit on the edge of the chair the entire body is aligned so that you would feel thirsty after some time if the interview progresses for a longer time okay so that is how we need to tackle that. Ma'am I have another question I wanted to ask ma'am if they are asking if you would like a company then what should be the best answer? If I can lie for this company I can be lying right now okay if I can lie for your company so that will be the answer okay if I can lie for your company I could be lying right now I would rather negotiate around my clients I would rather negotiate and try to modify their opinion than to lie straight away okay okay thank you ma'am pleasure dear does that work for you yes ma'am okay thank you ma'am thank you dear over to you very good afternoon ma'am good afternoon ma'am my name is Sanjay Trivath from second year mechanical branch oh mechanical yes tell me and my question is ma'am and my question is how can I answer the question like where do you see yourself in next five years okay because we are having so many questions from the interview skills let me just tell you one thing interview skills you cannot ace it then and there you have to prepare for it so let us suppose you are going for Reliance so you are going for one of the major companies you need to know what the company structure is you must if you really wish to work for that company you should have found out about the hierarchy what you could do within five years what best you could achieve within five years if they ask you where do you see yourself in the next five years then you could answer if you have gone through the company's history if you have gone through the company's hierarchy if you have read the vision and the mission of the company perhaps you would be able to answer that question apart from that five years is too short a time so let us suppose if you are caught in the net and you have not done it you could say I think I see myself at a managerial position as well as you don't because I know five years is too short a time to master everything I would still be learning and yet would try to impart my learning to my junior colleagues so therefore I think I would be looking at a managerial position okay yes ma'am one more question what are your expectations from our side about what you want what are your expectations from the company yes ma'am so as a fresher the question is what are your expectations we are still at the interview level and the question is what are your expectations from our company so you are a fresher you are a second year student you still have three years, two years to go so as a fresher your expectation would be that you should be given the opportunity to learn you should be given the opportunity to work with the team and increase your learnings your aptitude and be able to work and get adapted to the attitude which works in that company okay at that level that the fresher learning is more important so if it is a consultancy firm you should be able to get active participation in the company okay yes ma'am and one more question is there okay how long do you expect to work at our company if you get hired for this how long do you intend to work as a fresher you have asked this question as a fresher you could just say sir it surely depends on how I perform for the company and what I gain from the company so it is a mutual thing if I am able to get a role wherein I feel I have been learning all through I would definitely like to stick to it and I am sure you would also if MBA is a necessity in the company I am sure you would also want me to go ahead and do an MBA right so this is how you could navigate around that question now many a times what happens you want to do an MBA post two years of experience you would want to go do an MBA many of the companies they have a tie up with the MBA institutes ISB so over there perhaps you could use this to let them know that you are interested in good doing your MBA through them sticking around fine so it is a call which you have to take thank you we will move on to someone else some other centre thank you very much friends any centre which has questions on workplace communication centred around workplace communication centre 1193 good afternoon students want to interact with you thank you so much please go ahead this is Abilash RC 1193 my question is there is there essential to of certification to present over capability can enter may not be you on my sale which I told them well normally we carry a thick folder when we go for these interview we are very proud of our achievement and we love to showcase them I appreciate that gesture please carry those capabilities please carry those certificates but always remember the interviewer does not have the chance the time to go through all the certifications so if you have a national level or a state level certification in anything it is then that they would look onto it okay so carry those certifications that is fine very good afternoon ma'am I have a question about previous section about GD ma'am in GD discussion suppose I am asking about the higher level not for interweaving if I am selected in company and suppose I am a leader and I have a five member team but they are not paying their 100% in the work or they are not participating fully their full potential okay how to convince them to give their 100% the scenario is of a GD right the question just asked just now is again on GD it pertains to the previous session Rajesh says that it is not for the selection process but in a corporate if people are not giving their 100% in the group interview in the group discussions how should we motivate them now since it is a group discussion which is going on we could follow the apple technique I had mentioned this technique previously also the leader may ask question he may ask question in such lose ended questions and he may ask for participation he could probe that question a little further and then he can ask people to answer on them he should by his body language try to show that he is listening and once he has listened to that person he should explain expand explore the particular assessment that has been made now what happens when we try this apple technique the person with whom we have engaged in a communication in the GD he feels a little warm about himself as though he has made a contribution it may not be much worth it may not be of much worth but what happens it gives him a sense of satisfaction so perhaps if you suggest something different he would now start participating so this is how you need to motivate and once you are in a corporate setup I think the best motivation comes when you tell them that listen we are in a GD we have to brainstorm we have to talk about certain things and being in a GD costs money since it costs money let us do something about it because we may have to send perhaps some document some report on it okay friends do we have any question on workplace communication at this center yes ma'am yes ma'am a question on workplace communication okay so let's take that first I am from Turkish Institute of Science and Technology my name is Fatima Nafisa India is a land of culture diversity as we know so in a workplace we have to communicate with people with different type of languages different cultures and etc so how can we do that how can we communicate effectively and how can work ethics help in that you know when we go abroad we gel well with the people there do you know why because India is a land of cultural diversity so your question has already been answered but in a couple of sentences I would once again reiterate what I said earlier it is not the person we are questioning it is not only the person with whom we are interacting at a workplace at a workplace it is the issue it is the project it is the problem that must take precedence I may not be very comfortable with the ways of other people but it is not I am not there to be comfortable I am there to work I am there to act so if we are not comfortable with people in my group in my division we don't need to isolate ourselves what we need to do is concentrate on the work because once you have started concentrating on the work and approaching the people to concentrate on the work as well you would then realize that a teen spirit is gradually evolving you would come to know interpersonal relationship will then establish you would understand the uniqueness of that person you would understand that you could depend for this particular thing you would depend for that on that particular person so then what happens what the culture is what the religion is how they act in a particular situation are they reticent are they exuberant these things would not matter and eventually when you have started working together things would settle down and people would come on the same page so when you face difficulty concentrate on the issue on the project that you are working okay thank you my friend have another question I will add over the term okay good afternoon ma'am good afternoon I am Grishma my question is what is the difference between normal communication and workplace communication so if it were a normal communication if it were not this platform Grishma has just now asked what is the difference between normal communication and business communication so let me tell Grishma if it were a normal Grishma I would have said hey dude how are you did you have lunch right since it is business communication and we are communicating from the platform of IIT Bombay X I would say hi Grishma should you have lunch today I just hope you are feeling comfortable in this venue in business communication what happens is we it could be documented as this entire thing is being recorded if I say something which could have a different manifestation perhaps I shall have to pay for it later so what I say what I talk is being documented is being recorded and that is why we need to be a little careful when we are communicating at the business space even our body language it has to be monitored it is being monitored if I am very rude if you are rude to somebody that does not go well with the HR department we may be very good friends but if the HR department is just being rude perhaps they would ask us why that is the difference between I do not say not for once would I say that you should be rude in your normal conversation or communication or rudeness is a form of normal communication no but there are these norms which you have to follow you have to be clear when you are communicating you have to be concise when you are communicating one written word here and there may create an issue you have to be courteous always when you are in communication at workplace you have to be respectful courteous to all these things would matter in workplace community you must have heard of 7 Cs of communication or the ABCs of communication all these ABCs of communication and the 7 Cs of communication play a vital role at workplace communication thank you hello one two six nine good afternoon can I clarify any instruction given to me by my boss would it sound courteous okay the question which I just been asked is can I clarify the instruction given from my boss obviously if you have not understood it you have to clarify it now your worry would be that if I go back and ask my boss to clarify it perhaps this will not go down well with him so what you could do is you could rephrase paraphrase it or you could parrot it you could just go and tell your boss that is this what I am supposed to do take the risk you may have misunderstood you may have understood but it is pertinent that you go and clarify simply because if you do not clarify you will not be able to work properly in that stream okay you take that risk go and speak to the boss and clarify the clarification centre one zero one five good afternoon ma'am if I am a freshman in a company I am not getting the freedom to work so what should I be doing for example should I go to the manager would he feel like I am more complaining or should I be saying nothing and saying nothing would frustrate me so what should I be doing the question asked just now is if I feel that I am not getting the space to work the freedom to work in a company as a fresher what should I do go and speak with your boss as a fresher you have a lot of energy and you wish to do things pretty soon pretty fast while the company would want you to take things at its base because while you think that you are learning you still not have adapted to the ways of the company not assimilated the culture of the company that is one part but if you feel that you are doing well in that part and yet you are not being recognized or you are sitting idle and that is frustrating you what you could do is send an email to your boss and request him for five minutes of his time when you get the appointment go to him and take you should have prepared a list of what you wish to do what you could do where you could contribute merely saying that I am not getting my space does not work at workplace communication does not work at workplace you need to tell them where you can put in more effort to go there find it out tell him that you have been assigned this work you have been completing this work you do not have any other work or you would be interested more interested in doing this work would know that he has somebody who needs to work in this area and he wants more work he wants more space more freedom to work ok so perhaps he would bear that in mind and when the time comes he would watch you and if he sees that you are mature enough to handle certain situations he would give it so I personally feel that if it is in your heart you must seek an appointment and then go and talk about it rather than getting frustrated and looking for a job elsewhere if the company is very good ok there will be more complaining if I go to him so that is why what I said I asked you to write an email first so seek an appointment and then prepare a list and tell him sir I would like to do it in this is it possible not I would like to is it possible that we approach this particular issue in this manner thank you ma'am thank you so much ok let's move on to another centre centre one to six one good afternoon ma'am good afternoon ma'am my name is Hitesh more from meds institute of engineering ma'am I have two questions regarding first session with what exact attitude we should enter the office for an interview enter the office for an interview the question raised just now is with what attitude we should go for an interview I would ask you with what attitude you would want to go to an interview it has to be a positive attitude you know you may be dying to be a part of that company but before you really go for that interview that aspiration should be there but it should not be obsessive because the moment it becomes obsessive it comes into your walls your the desperation should come to us later part of the interview when you have already answered the question well then if you show the desperation to be a part of the company it works well for you but in the beginning you should go with a positive attitude a confident attitude and yet it should be let's take life and it's right you have already prepared the answer to the most common question so now if there is a trick question out there see how you would figure around that how you would handle that because your interview would rest on how you answer the tricky questions okay so go with a positive attitude always any other questions from the the question is what are the exact things we should do and not do to impress the interviewer on the first place did you go through my slides on interview skills how many of you sitting here went through the video that have been uploaded please put your hands up how many of you went through the slides which have been uploaded I do appreciate your honesty but students if you had gone through those slides they would have really helped you this is I could say a clarion call to all the students who are participating in this project you have enrolled for this project and we are working really hard enjoying the work we are we are putting it we are giving the best shot trying to give the best shot for you all so it is important that whatever cost is uploaded whatever videos and the quizzes are being uploaded you go through them you finish them and then come for the face-to-face interaction because if you have had you gone through those perhaps the questions these questions have already been answered over there so you could have then come with something new something creative something which you have faced this is the face-to-face interaction is a reinforcement platform and we expect every student to go through the videos and then come for it you would learn a lot if you go through the videos that have been uploaded on group discussions and interview skills please go through them everyone and answer the quizzes that have been uploaded thank you Center 1318 good afternoon please go ahead with your query sometimes in while we are working in an organization there might be some informal communication going on in the organization itself which is used by the administrators to know about the policies they should be making we can choose which informal communications to be part of or which not I think you have gone through the videos because you are mentioning the grape wine communication okay which is that informal communication within the workplace communication so what happens here in grape wine communication that was something that was that was a communication which normally the employee would have amongst themselves but now it is being used by the employer also by the companies also to let them know whether a particular policy would work with the employee or not well if you see that there could be any organizational issues if you go ahead with the communication over there then perhaps you may not participate but otherwise in order to maintain the decorum of the since we have already filtered it through in order to know your stand on that particular policy you may participate it but all but a little carefully let it not be a verse for us communication just be a little watchful but you should participate in it and present your viewpoint I had another query sometimes when we communicate through writing that is in communication is it good or is it absolutely bad to add a bit of sarcasm to it sarcasm just a little bit of sarcasm student it would depend on honestly I wouldn't use sarcasm in documented stuff any documented stuff can be used for legal purposes and therefore I would rather advise that do not use any sarcasm now it also depends on what kind of sarcasm have you used over there you know is it hurting is it directly related to the personality does it have an ethnic bias does it have a bias because sarcasm on these issues will be taken very strongly however humor is something which you can use in communication which is internal communication which is not external communication okay if you really wish to be sarcastic what is your name okay Mr. Sharma if you really wish to be sarcastic pick the phone up and be sarcastic to the person okay very good afternoon I am Nikhil Thakur I am a biomedical engineering student I have a question regarding a business see this time I am being an employer not an employee so imagine like there is a situation you are employing someone who is far more senior to you like maybe of 20-25 years old guy sitting right next to you and you want to employ him and you are at my age like I am being like after graduation or whatever it is like 26-27 years old so what kind of question should I ask and he should not also feel like he is working with an immature or some really inferior to him like because the guy next to me is just like to my father and it is really hard for me to give orders to a guy somewhere with that age what should be the borders between us I think a few minutes back somebody had asked the question what is the difference between normal communication and workplace communication this is the difference between normal communication and workplace communication right now somebody has asked a question that if I am the entrepreneur and I have to hire people who are very senior to me in age what should be the border how should I hire them students as I say workplace communication post 8 hours or 12 hours of work you may go and have a wonderful time with the people you work with but within that boundary be the employer or the employee there has to be work which takes predominance so when you are framing questions frame them exactly you want the person to work for so let us suppose you are hiring for the marketing side or somebody who has expertise in marketing so you don't have to think about the age you frame your questions in such a way that the person feels how he would be helpful to the organization he answers in that manner ok that means like straight forward questions straight forward questions subject oriented questions ok thank you so much pleasure dear 1 2 3 0 oh wow lovely good afternoon do you have any query good afternoon ma'am good afternoon this is Sugarshani from Bidhi Bikas College of Engineering and Technology Tamil Nadu my query is what are all the gestures and pressures that we want basically avoid in an interview panel ma'am it is very important to gauge your panel and see whether they are the serious kinds if you feel that they are all very serious kind you should keep your eye contact with them seriously not smile very much although I could suggest that you could be yourself but if you are being yourself and if you are a gregarious person who smiles at every question who smiles at every statement they would fire a question saying what is there to smile so if it is a serious panel your body language would be different if it is a relaxed panel your body language would be different but I would say that for any the basic body language should be which we call professional your eyes should be talking your hands should not do much of a talking the pen should not go tick tick tick as I have mentioned in my slides also your gestures should not be overt and your facial expression should give the impression that you are interested in answering the question and you are listening you are hanging on to every word that they are saying while framing the questions so that should be the body posture when you are there for an interview I hand over the mic to my friend nun good afternoon please go ahead you are asking me what salary are you expecting salary you are expecting are you fresher now for this question money shouldn't be money HR if the HR is asking you what kind of a salary you are expecting students if it is if you have scaled the interview and you know that you would be called for an HR interview I would say please speak with your seniors who are already placed there and try to find out what the salary structure is because what happens if you have not done the homework there you might end up asking a little less and if you ask an exorbitant price that would again put you in a different league they may not consider your application so what you should do is find it out from your seniors what the salary structure is out there and then perhaps you could ask for a 10% raise so when you give the figure if you have to if you are forced to give the figure then perhaps a 10% extra or a 20% extra of the figure which has been mentioned to you by the seniors could be what you could aim at but a better suggestion is at that time you could just tell them something which keeps me with the company and I don't feel frustrated when I get here okay whatever is the norm in the company is something which I would like to go ahead with fine thank you good afternoon good afternoon ma'am did you all have a good lunch yes ma'am we have it and are you all feeling sleepy now not like that ma'am not like that okay lovely then lovely I am Surya Bargo my question is what are the things we need to consider while giving a presentation to the clients who are going to accept our project we have a very eminent professor who will be taking up this question in the next session that is from 4 o'clock to 5 30 right so from 4 o'clock to 5 30 so I shall leave this question to him please come back then if we have anything pertaining to understanding of communication ma'am on the morning we have missed we can't get the connection so I have a doubt in JD can I ask it okay go ahead ma'am we know that the role of the group discussion is one should not interrupt a person who is speaking if a person interrupts us how we need to face the situation and how we need to tackle the situation so that we can continue our talk you know for a gd in a selection process it is very important that we have to make our presence felt so if you are talking and someone interrupts it and it happens twice okay you could also raise your voice and say a little bit I don't want you to shout at the top of your voice you could just raise your voice and you could just make a little gesture with a smile and say well please let me finish it or may I please continue with my point depending on how the people are around you so just let them know that you wish to complete your suggestion before anyone else interrupts you okay thank you ma'am good afternoon dear good afternoon ma'am, I am Tahir from Pacific Institute of Technology Udipur Rajasthan ma'am my question is we have less communication skills tell us tips to shine when we talk about communication skills for the interview purpose there are so many things there is body language amidst the body language there is eye contact gestures, posture verbal communication we cannot excel on one without working on the other because if we have you know developed good verbal skills if we do not match it with our body language our kinesic it comes across as prepared and robotic so what we should do is first get into groups and start talking in the language which you would be interviewed more often than not it is English so start getting into groups forming groups with people at least a couple of them who speak good English and then start recording the mock interview session have interview sessions mock interview sessions and start recording them see how you fare in such a circumstance so these would help you and then you identify the areas where you need to improve prepare a set answers with the questions which are normally asked in an interview so if you have prepared a set of 12 or 15 questions the interview apart from the content would move around that if you have in your resume that you are a good player of football or long tennis or badminton be prepared that you have sound knowledge of who the current world champion is so that way even if the communication skill suffers a little if you have the content perhaps there are chances that you could make through but for sharpening your communication skills you have to work hard you have to get into groups you have to mirror practice you have to invest yourself okay ma'am my next question which role is better initiator or finisher in GD we have already answered this question they are different roles initiator if he has done initiator is not the person who begins the group discussion initiator is that person who introduced group discussion in a wholesome manner and again leader is that person who has the knowledge and who has the leadership skills who can handle hostility and who can see that everybody in the group participates so both of them are important many a times and initiator emerges as a leader but it is not always true that the initiator will be the leader okay one three one three hi good afternoon may I request all the centres to be ready with the mic please give me a minute may I request all the centres to be ready with their mics we have several questions out here so when we come there we would directly get into the queries and that way we will be able to avoid any delay thank you very much good afternoon ma'am this is government course coordinator ma'am my students are waiting they are waiting ma'am let me give the mic to them good afternoon ma'am ma'am from KSA city my question is while doing GD I have a doubt what are the positions we should change while we are discussing what are the positions we should change there was a video posted we can have been posting a video I have a doubt what will be the position when we begin with a group in a group discussion it is a brainstorming session a different view about the topic so when we begin with the discussion we may start with a different viewpoint but as the discussion progresses we understand that there are parameters are wide wider than we had expected it initially so now we feel that what posts all the brainstorming there are other points which needs to be strengthened so in that case we can change the position so many a times we feel that we have taken a position earlier how can we change a position now for that particular thing I had suggested perhaps we have taken a macro view of the situation now talking about it seeing it through a micro lens perhaps we should explore this particular position more okay hi ma'am I am Karthik it is great to talk with you my question is in workplace there are from areas cities or areas everyone has different personalities so how could we make good relationship with them some may be a short temper for example I am a short temper person if someone interrupts me during my talk I get anger so how can we make good relationship with them we have discussed this question earlier but in just a couple of sentences I would say as a fresher we are there in a corporate or in a workplace to form groups and over there it initially it should be the project that matters it should be the work that matters so we need to rather than concentrating on personalities what we should do is we should concentrate on purpose of our being there now once we are concentrating on the purpose we will get to know the personalities involved and over a period of time they would also get to know that if you are interrupted you get angry so how to interject how to see that you do not get angry how to approach that you do not get angry at the same time you would realize that anger does not all the time perhaps people will not reach out to you if you get angry all the time so initially I would suggest as a fresher when you join or anywhere else it should be the work that matters and then form a team understand people form a team and friends participants yeah it's been lovely interacting with you so once again we have our main professor Fata who is the backbone of this entire project and I invite him to come and speak with you and share his wisdom with you all thank you very much, thank you professor Fata good afternoon I was listening to some of the question answers with great interest I am tempted to comment on the last question which was asked which said roughly that if I am a short tempered person and if someone interrupts me in my work I might lose my temper and not behave properly given such possibilities how do we build groups there are two inherent questions in this number one is related to my own behavior and number two is related to group formation I think she answered the question correctly that you have to view prominence to the work first when you are a fresher but I would add to it that that alone is not adequate please note that self control over one's anger is absolutely essential in life entirely not just in the workplace you have to build relationships and you can do so only if you are perceived to be approachable by others if it is noticed that you are a short tempered person and lose your temper frequently people will avoid you anger jealousies these are some of the traits which are always considered to be present in human beings and yet ought to be controlled by human beings in order to become a more pleasant more acceptable person to the larger society in workplace communication these things hold greater importance because the small group of people with whom you work you actually spend much of your time in your life and therefore it is very very important to set up an appropriate relationship learn to control yourself please note that losing temper or insisting on your viewpoint or behaving exactly as you please causes problems not only in workplace even within families amongst friends in a class and therefore these are human inadequacies these are human sort of weaknesses which we need to learn to control it is not very easy but if you practice it properly you will be able to control it and you will therefore become a more pleasant and acceptable person to sorry for this digression but it was a very important point that was raised and I thought I will answer it please note that you will have to practice such control it will not happen automatically if I have my intrinsic characteristic to be short tempered then it will not be very easy for me to control it but control I must and I must learn how to control it anyway I originally intended to share my thoughts about one important aspect of workplace communication in the morning some of the students who might have attended the morning session would know I emphasize that the need to use language correctly is of paramount importance in workplace communication I will indicate two important things which are associated with appropriate appreciation and the ability of other people to take your communication seriously these two characteristics relate to number one how do you formulate your communication and send it and number two timeliness of the communication let me comment on the first aspect the most common and most frequently used interpersonal communication workplace will be email it is not only within your group but between your corporate entity and other entities emails are the most frequently used method now whenever you write an email I think I had mentioned it very briefly in my first interaction we typically type the email and simply press return so that the email goes we must discipline ourselves to ensure that we should read the entire email at least once and if it is a more important email read it twice or thrice in this connection I would like to mention two thumb rules which I have discovered during this long journey number one whatever precautions we take there will be mistakes made unless one is a genius in the art of writing mistakes will happen so that is the first thumb rule the second thumb rule is how several times I read my own draft I may miss out on some of the errors because as a human being I will tend to read what I intended to write and not what what I have actually written on type what it means is number one I will make mistakes and number two it is not easy for me to find my own mistakes what is the solution the solution is to develop a habit of number one perusing whatever draft you have at least once and if it is more important twice thrice or four times number two you should have friends in your workplace with whom you can coordinate requesting them to look at your draft and similarly you look at their drafts this is the standard way which we advise our own master students when for example they prepare their final project reports or seminar reports or something you taking it on your own to do all the corrections is good but is not adequate now before you go to the workplace this is precisely the time when you are in the college environment and this could very well be a important group activity groups of students select on a topic for example a topic with which you want to practice group discussion say what each one of you could do is write a draft or write a short paragraph on your ideas correct it yourself first and mail it to all others in the group not from the purpose alone of taking it forward in a debate point of view or in a discussion point of view for the group discussion but from the point of view of getting corrections so one task which all the members of the group would do is when I receive 3 emails for example from 3 of my friends before looking at the meaning of the content I will look at the form of the content and I will correct assiduously all spelling mistakes all grammatical errors and send it back to the whole group why to the whole group suppose I have written a paragraph make those corrections you send it to me of course I must read it carefully and make those corrections whatever I have been suggested but others will also benefit by noticing the type of errors that can occur and the type of correction that I have been made it is quite possible that 3 or 4 of you all together also may not know all the correct rules of grammar and all the correct spellings it is therefore important for each one of you individually and as a group for the entire group to develop some knowledge about the correct form of usage of English language in this context I would like to recommend a very very old book more than 100 years old it is called Chicago manual of style the Chicago manual of style apart from giving variety of useful information like how to use punctuation marks and so on also contains enough details on proof editing proof editing is an art which was used by newspaper publishers and book publishers for ages where the handwritten script was first converted into a lithographic thing and the printout was given to the original author the original author would mark corrections on that that is the act called proofediting there are proofediting symbols proofediting methods which are very well elaborated in that book in fact there must be several other books which do that I would strongly suggest that all of you should actually understand such proofediting tasks and imbibe these symbols and start using them so take a printout of whatever you write use the proofediting symbols to correct those and then retype the correction that way you will actually pay more attention to the errors that get spotted and errors that get corrected suffice it to say that if you do that not alone but in a group your language communication will improve significantly in emails you must of course always be careful about writing the correct address title of the person to whom you are addressing the email and end that thing with an appropriate termination such as with thanks and regards your sincerely or whatever it is please note that an email communication is often considered a formal communication and is taken very frequently as a replacement or a substitute for the formal letters such communication has to be written very very carefully and with absolute tension to the details preferably undergoing some few rounds of correction by yourself and by your friends well I thought that's all I will share with you at this juncture we are at 332 so we are already 2 minutes late I would now break for the tea and we will continue with our session after the tea break so we will come back at 4 o'clock thank you so much over and out by the way I am sorry not over and out I forgot one very very important point first of all all of you have not yet registered on the IIT RAX course second and more important the course the online course has quizzes with deadlines I was very shocked to find that only 4000 students have attempted the first quiz of the course please note that the IIT rules apply for qualification that means if you are not able to complete your quizzes in time if you are not able to complete all the quizzes you may miss out on the certification I am aware that you are attending this course not primarily from the point of your certification because it does not carry any credits or so but if you work so hard it is worth your while to work for getting a certification from IIT WOM it is to that extent that I am suggesting that please pay attention to the deadline so quizzes already they have extended the deadline for first quiz I think by several days frankly if they had asked me I would have said no if 4000 people have taken the first quiz that is it others can try and qualify using the remaining quizzes but since the announcement has already been made I will not rescind it but please note very carefully now and in life in general deadlines have a value and deadlines have to be respected please learn to do that because that is also an important characteristic of whatever you do in workplace in short workplace communication has to be finished in time that is designated this is a workplace communication a quiz to be finished in time deadline has been extended I am sure all of you are interested in getting some kind of qualification certificate but even if you are not as a practice as a good prospective professional you must do tasks which have been assigned and which have a deadline I would request you all again please pay attention to the quizzes in the deadlines all the best thank you so much and sorry for taking 5 extra minutes and cutting that much time out of your t-time out and over this time


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