We have Kujo lay down. Don't start. It's amazing Like he can tell what time it is Jeff is also here, but he's airbrushing a project. So that's why you will hear the compressor Well, I need to get a screen so I can read what you guys have to say just one moment Kujo come lay down so How's y'all Dave in ours has been fairly busy But it's been good. I was using you got your mystery box. I'm so glad you loved it That's important to us So the first thing I'm doing is okay. Well, let me back up This is a resin piece that we did not too long ago and I've decided I want to add a Second layer, but I want the second layer to have this holographic iridescent Ness to it. So what I'm going to do is Mask off the area that I don't want the Second wave which will have the this in it and then I'm going to use a spray adhesive to get some sticky down Put our this the cellophane down and then we're going to add the second layer of resin Be are you still using that? Masking paper that you have on your that or Like are you leaving it there?  Well awesome Hey Shane Sue Maureen Patricia can't say I want to tell Erika and Jeff they got a big shout out from Tammy Anderson on her resin video today Well, we love Tammy Tammy's amazing I got to hang out with her and bubble I Got to hang out with her in Belize we did some resin together It was a ton of fun I'm just gonna do this Okay, so She's such a good person. She's as genuine on Like in IRL as she is on camera Cujo enough Sweet boy go lay down He is a sweet boy, but she's in crackers It's like he knows we're live and he doesn't want anyone to have any attention right now only only cujos So it looks like Mooper calm down. I Just gave him some medicine you guys so you should be feeling a little bit better Real soon so this is not the kind of Masking paper that we usually use But Jeff is using this for his Airbrush piece This is from depth By Patricia pull it Julie Tim Megan So net they say that right beautiful name I'm sure I mess it up. Hi Valerie Susan Yes, welcome Julie. I really appreciate you guys coming over and seeing what we are up to over here on a resin channel all the way from Jeremy is awesome She does more than acrylic You know what I mean? She's amazing at all the things that she does All right, so with this I have to decide Where I want my second wave to be and I don't want to be too far forward because then you risk a breach This stuff is stickier than the other stuff You don't want to risk a breach from your second wave coming over across your first wave so I Do want to cover a little bit of this right here because I'm not a fan of how that looks so I'm going to Be a little bit close right there, but the rest of it will be further back. What are you doing? We missed you I'm gonna be using an Exacto blade to cut everything if you haven't worked with one before Just be careful. They're very sharp and They don't play so what I'm gonna do is Cut the shape of the wave, but I'm gonna use my nail to just draw it out first To make sure I like what it looks like and I don't think I do so I'm gonna just kind of erase it with my hand You kind of have to decide What areas you want To be showing I think we like how that looks and the reason why I'm masking off is Because I don't want this area to be sticky when I use the spray adhesive on the the back bit tutor Nancy You're so what oh, yeah, it's gonna look super nice I don't want the second wave to Like had a little bit too deep I can see it the cut and by resin So be careful with the exacta blades. They're sharp if you don't know And if they're not sharp get a sharp one more accidents happen from dull blades than sharp ones Okay, now I've got our shape. Can't well. I guess you can kind of see what it's gonna look like so now I'm gonna take some this super 77 from 3m Move everything that I don't want to have sticky on it because this stuff kind of goes everywhere And I'm just gonna do a light spray. Sorry. I just noticed something. I don't like it's kind of The end of my paper was right here, so it kind of has a sharp ending I don't want that so I'm just gonna Cut another little piece to extend out. All right, so Some people may say that you should cut your That your cellophane first, but I'm not gonna do that. I'm gonna cut it after I have it all out Wear a respirator when you work with literally everything I'm about to work with Do as I say not as I do, etc Huh, so I've got that And it doesn't take long to get tacky at all Who Joe's just standing in the other room looking at me Everyone sees you you're beautiful Miss please go lay down See him right there who Joe precious go lay down Okay, back to the art now that I have that sprayed I can bring this back Now over here, I'm cutting the sheet Trying to use a piece that was already cut and it is not gonna be big enough, so Let's cut another one and typically I like to have a little bit of texture some of their wrinkles in the piece for the wave look However, I think this one I want it to be a little bit more flat just so that there's only The color of the film Trying to make sure it's kind of as flat as possible Not keen on that Seem right there. I wonder if I could peel this up The answer is no We're just gonna have to love it just how it is Be mindful of where your seams are Where's Jeff's pusher a rounder? I don't know what this thing actually is called, but it's what Jeff uses for his vinyl stuff, I thought it would get most everything out but Didn't so that that Cute little seam right there And right here, but that's fine We'll just call it a choice. Yeah. Yeah, it's squeegee. Thank you. He is a cutie. He's my little man What it do Mike Reed eat Corey's friend mice in the room Jeff said so So I'm just using this exacto To cut just along the edge Just make sure that when you spray your spray adhesive that it kind of gets down on the edge as well So that it kind of rolls over it almost looks pretty cool. All right. I'm just gonna cut this Because it's just getting too sticky not bad a you can still see through it a little bit and It's still got all that awesome color So Did I rid her off it? I'm sorry So now we have that down. Oh See how you can kind of see this where the Masking is for where I wanted that wave to be I'm gonna cut along that line very carefully In theory This is gonna be where my second wave is Make sure everything's pressed down Want to make sure this is as flat as I can get it. Oh, sorry. Sorry. Let me try to get you guys another Vantage point PS we love Ann Marie Ritterhoff And her awesome hair Megan as Soon as I get to it, you'll be the first to know a lot of times when People request I do something that I haven't done before it takes me a little while to do research get inspiration and Kind of work my way up to a piece because I want to do it justice. I don't want to just Do a piece cuz just cuz and so When people ask me to demo something or or do a piece that's Something I haven't really done before Sometimes I don't do it right away because I'm doing research and 100,000 other things, but I Will get to it. I'll get to it. Hello Clara You see my ceiling pin. Oh, yeah, I don't know if there's a way to get you guys on an angle. That's not Now there's a big light in the way Yeah There's no There's no winning with this studio in its current Ness is very shiny. Thank you Tina so now we got to make some resin the second layer The phone is perfect. Thank you. I like it Julie says Claire. You don't know me, but I watch your videos. I am sure she's Super appreciates that You guys I can't show you what Jeff's working on but Just know that when you see it you're gonna be like you can quote me. I love it when he airbrushes I'm sorry. I can't show you guys what he's working on It's surprise The karmicat for sure, but early then never. I don't know if I'm an expert, but I Do my best As a mermaid it's required so yes, I am using just resin resin because it just holds up to The intense heat that I'm about to impose on the piece It just it just works for for this Art resin. Nope art coat from stone coat is our go-to resin but it just It doesn't like The amount of abuse that I'm about to impose on This resin Unfortunately, maybe I'll talk Mike and it another formula Ocean resin isn't that mermaid glitter? Amazing. I Agree Valerie So you guys things are coming in and seeing what I'm up to today if you haven't subscribed yet, please do so We're trying to build our subscribers Feel free to share the video if you like it and share the video people you don't like if you don't like it Everything that I'm using today can be found on our website artistsledat.com You can find that on my gloves or in the description box Except for the Cellophane I don't have that in my shop, but you can find it on Amazon. I have that linked on an Amazon link down below Exactly Libby we gotta get that 50k Where's the mermaid glitter Julie? I'm not using it in this piece, but it is from Color passion with stone coat what you use before you starting to do the new ways. Yes, um if I'm Doing a way that doesn't need quite so much heat then I use stone coat So if you guys have any questions while I'm doing this or any other Video because we go live every day usually at 6 p.m. And it's usually resin art So for on Tuesdays we go live at 2 p.m. All central But if you guys have a question about what we do feel free to ask We do all forms of art except for We do most forms of art all except for like oil paint Well karmicat. Thank you so much every order you guys put in helps our our little world Was it been three minutes? My arm says it feels like three minutes Okay If you're new that sound is the air compressor Jeff is in the studio working on an airbrush piece It doesn't stay on for very long Also, we're a respirator when you work with resin all proper PPE I Don't have one on because we have a ventilation system a very large space Call ceilings open windows Anyone able to hear me if I was talking through a respirator Two minutes. Oh Thank you Claire for the link Claire has done some awesome stuff with Mermaid glitter Okay, you need two blues and White have you used ember from color passion? I ordered it. I'm excited. I don't think I have but I will look into it Because it is a pretty color. I just haven't had a chance to use it yet. Okay Need to get one more color Now when I do ocean pieces I typically use Transparent because ocean you want your water to be see-through because That's just indicative of water You can also Try to use just minimal Like a paste or powder. I Personally don't think powders work quite as well, especially not for oceans, but everyone has a favorite thing to use and I'm I'm not gonna sit here and tell you that your favorite thing to use is not good But what I will tell you is what I prefer and for oceans. It's transparent The transparent I use our front color obsession. They're tense. They're transparent. Like I said They will never be opaque But you can add a little bit more color at a time to build your color to make it darker But it'll never go opaque, which is awesome for me Because I like to use a little bit of color in the like the very beginning where my waves are lighter and Then add a little bit more pigment to blend between my deep ocean color and my soft aqua color So the color I first mixed up is blue lagoon Tint from color obsession This color is Bondi blue tint notice. I put just one drop in there and It's not a cheap pigment at all. It's made specifically for resin. So where alcohol inks will Some will fade and Kind of disappear over time that won't happen with ease their light fast color fast This is my very light ocean color for Where my water isn't so deep because the waves are coming up onto the shore and then once I get that down I'll add a couple more drops to this color for a good gradient or fade or on braid between this color and this color The white I'm going to use is titanium from just resin excuse how dirty my jars are This is a paste It's like a pudding consistency colorant people ask me all the time the differences in a paste versus a tent versus a Powder and essentially a mica is just going to be particles floating in resin whereas a Paste actually colors the resin Which is why when you use a powder you can see the particles moving around Often you won't see that with a paste. I just want it to be just opaque perfect Okay What's up men will? How's Austin? We'll be back there the first week of August to finish a countertop on 6th Street It's not dirty. It's well used. You okay to the boys Okay, so I'm gonna put some clear Where my water line is gonna be for this I'm gonna put it just behind where I Have drawn out this wave and the purpose of this is a couple things. I want to Figure out my line of Wave before I commit to having a color down also, it's gonna be a separation between my color resin and my white resin Because what I'm about to do is going to thin the resin a little bit and I don't want My white waves turning a pastel blue as I'm pushing everything back Into the ocean, so that's gonna be kind of a barrier between the two So now I'm gonna put my Shore color, which is the one drop bond. I I'm gonna add a couple more drops Make it a little bit deeper of a color It's so cool that you can have a pigment that Looks different just because you add one more drop of pigment waste not want not So it's gonna look a little bit funky for a second while I have Different colors just strewn about But it'll make sense Just try to trust me Valerie for this I prefer Titanium or angel white in the end will you list the tension use please sure? So this color this color and this color are the same but with different amounts of pigment this last blue that I'm using is blue lagoon and I'm gonna blend them all together in just a moment, so it won't look quite So crazy By Jojo says pretty blues. Thank you so very much. I will list all the colors. I'm using at the end If you're new here, welcome, please like subscribe Share the video if you liked it Share it with people you don't like if you didn't like it. I meant to add some Dang it. I meant to add some this Blue bling it from resin art. So what I'm gonna do is some of this and when I'm mixing or Blending the two colors and it'll just mix into the resin when I do this since it's just a powder. It's a mica It's no big deal. You just mix it in as I go at this point with that color sweet Mind you the Caribbean Thank you. Hi It looks pretty good. I'm actually gonna do a little bit more of this Hello melody. How are you doing? So you can see a little bit of these lines here from the Foil that I used not foil cellophane It's not the cutest look, but I'll just end up doing another wave layer and That'll hide it just fine Not stressed about it. Anything can be fixed with resin. All right. I'm gonna add my blue. Nope This is definitely not blue. This is white. It's totally white. I'm gonna add my white right where the Clear that I have down Meet the first layer of resin And I'm doing that because I want the white to hold on To the dry area and roll over the resin You don't want to line too thick Because it'll cover up all of your pretty work That you did all the colors. I'm just making sure that it's Got a good bit that's holding on to the dry part of the resin and then after the fact I'll come back through and Edge up this line You don't use very much white at all when I first started doing oceans. I was under the impression that So white was the most important thing and it would just take over And it didn't look good at all. I Have learned so you guys should learn from my mistakes. I need An attachment, but you have the platypus attachment The platypus attachment You have an attachment on there right now Well, you hear me that one. Okay. I was gonna use a platypus attachment, but I don't know Where it is. So I'm gonna use cake attachment Um It is a concentrator nozzle. I call it a cake because it's what it looks like Do you use stone coat for deep pours? I want to do a memorial piece from my dad, but I'm sure which resin to use if walls could talk That's a great name. Yes. I use Stone coat super cast for my deep pours because you can pour them like two inches thick at a time Okay, I'm gonna have my heat up to full 100% I have no idea how high this air gun heat gun goes to. Oh, yes, I do 600 degrees Celsius, I don't know what that is Here in the States in Fahrenheit Much love to everybody that knows Celsius, but I do not I just never got that And then I'm gonna use high air flow So the hardest the air will blow and the hottest my heat gun will get I'm gonna put my piece on a little bit of a tilt and I'm going to keep my heat gun moving all the way down It's important to keep moving or else you'll end up with a bare spot of not waves I don't have to melt your face very bare point Beyond the fact that you want to keep moving Just because of you don't want to torch your waves or end up with bald spots I'm also keeping moving because I don't want to Melt the adhesive that I sprayed to get my Cellophane down So some of my cellophane areas popped up right here But that is okay I'm gonna need some fire 100 I sue ATD sells really good whites. Thank you. What's up Mako? How are you doing? So there's some areas that I wish Created a little bit more cells So I'm just hitting it in some areas with I'm gonna bring you in for this So for example, I Think it'd be nice to have a little bit more cells. Let's say right here Right here. And so I'm gonna hit it with Not where the color of the flame is that blue right there with the area right out in front I'm using that area so I don't scorch it and I don't want to thin it down too much So I'm just hitting it a little bit And you see it thin out and start to sell in that area. Oh, I don't use any silicone ever with my resin It is just a pain to try to clean up Thank you Gail.  I just shared the link with you guys Sue I did not but I will I'll have tutor remind me to send you an email sue So now I'm gonna add some more white just on the front line of this because of the tilt that I did It's thinned out significantly and I like really hard white edge for My waves And I'm gonna get a whole bunch of that's what she said and that's fine Super fine. It looks kind of abrasive at first, but it'll melt in as Itself levels and look just perfect this is also where you can go in and Change the shape of your waves if you don't like how it looks. I don't want to add too much more white I just want it to look like it's rolling over itself Very nice. Also if some of your Cellophane came up This is a good time to kind of hide those little High pockets So with this white, we've completely hidden the seam of the cellophane Perfect by Jojo says last night I grabbed my heat gun by the front and flung my ocean piece against the wall I don't know if you guys can see it. Yeah, you can this is the front of a heat gun that I singed to my arm accidentally When we were working on a countertop in somewhere Maryland That's fun We'll do sue now. I'm using this Little handheld torch just to go through and see whoop There's just a little bit of bubbles in The white that I just added right here And I'm using the torch instead of a heat gun because I just want to pop the bubbles And if I use the heat gun, it's gonna blow some air and I don't want to create any more movement No moss movement. I just want to pop those bubbles So there I'm gonna give you guys a flyover Just do something and then we'll add resin over it. Let's see what we got. I'm gonna turn the light on as well You know, sorry about that. You can see some of the folds come up Some of the texture, which I don't mind this texture, but this I'm not so sure about unless they were more horizontal But it is what it is Hey, Jo, I hope you're having a better today than your yesterday You can see that slight sparkle come through. That's the bling it blue that we used Maureen my pleasure. I hope you guys are getting inspired If not, I hope we have entertained Let's turn the flash off see what we got So because it's translucent You can see the different layers of waves From the first layer to this layer Thank you, Eryssa Rue. Love the name. Well, I appreciate that Mako Well, Julie, I'm always here to fulfill the orders So, yeah So tomorrow. Well, thank you Karen. I think I have a fire sale to ship you Karen Right the bling it comes in many different colors you turn the light on again Blink comes in a lot of different colors. I just use the blue for this one So probably tomorrow, I'll add a third wave and that wave will Conceal a bit more of this horizontal line if it doesn't look like it's gonna do that I'll add another layer of cellophane And make sure that I don't include these seams in that one So, yeah, I'll add another line of waves probably closer to the to the front. I think Once you're this far into the ocean that you need to keep your waves Closer up this way. I do ship to Australia Why why why why? Rose Yingling Beautiful name just asked to join ATDs poor people if you guys haven't joined ATDs poor people. That's where everybody in this group Gets together and talks about art So, yeah, I hope you guys come and see what we're up to tomorrow. I'll be doing the third in This wave line possibly adding more cellophane Thank you for watching. Please subscribe to our channel. Leave me your thumbs share this video if you liked it share it with people that you don't like if you didn't like it and Be kind to one another you never know what someone's going through we appreciate you guys so very much be So you don't have to oh Ready by the cell thing. Julie. I got it on Amazon. I have a link down in the description box below this video Also, Kujo wants to be in the video. Hi, Louie Z Are you done making all that racket?  I could have cut the seams with an exacto and flattened it out Live and learn, you know, well, I guess I could do it now, but Then I'd wreck the waves Where is it miss? Are you turning your head? But they're so cute. Are you so precious? Are you just ready to go outside? You do want to go outside? Okay, let's go And that's my tutor and my bowie beans Are you guys have an awesome night? Tag us in what you paint Posted in ATEEZ poor people and we'll see you guys tomorrow. Bye


What about some of those herbal teas? Urbamate, for example, a Latin American herbal tea, whose main aromatic compounds include chemicals that smell like urine, mothball, sweaty, cheesy, animal-dung, body odor. But with tastes like that, it's at least got to be good for us, right? Who says harmful? Harmless? Helpful? High levels of carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons. The kinds of carcinogens you find in grilled chicken meat.


Thank you very much, ladies and gentlemen, for joining us in this session. Welcome to the World Economic Forum on Latin America 2015 here in Mexico and looking at the renovation agenda for Latin America. We are very privileged to have esteemed leaders who are our co-chairs for this meeting. And they guide us and drive us on the agenda points that we should be thinking about and planning towards in the coming years for true long-lasting renovation. And let me introduce them briefly to you. And then we'll have an opportunity to hear from each of them in turn on what they feel are the core points we should be focusing in on. And then we'll have a brief opportunity for questions from the floor, which I would ask just in the interests of time, our brief and focused on the agenda here at the World Economic Forum on Latin America. So we are delighted to welcome Angelica Fuentes, who is the president of the Angelica Fuentes Foundation from here in Mexico. Of course, we have Eduardo Leyte, who is the chairman of the executive committee of Baker and McKenzie, joining us from the U.S. Ingyasio Sanchez Galán joins us from Spain. He is the chairman and executive, chief executive officer, excuse me, of Iberdrola, of course. Carlos Slim Domit is the chairman of America Mobile. And last but by no means least, to my left here, Joseph Stiglitz is a professor at the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University in the U.S. So we are delighted and honored to have them as our co-chairs. Now, very briefly, the renovation agenda discussion here at the World Economic Forum is structured around three pillars. First, the foundations, and the foundations around people, around health, around education, around equality, around gender parity. And that's where we start. And upon that, we build a framework, a framework of a strong economy with robust infrastructure and links through trade and investment. And then beyond that, we put that to life through innovation, productivity, technology. And that's the narrative that we'll just use for this particular session to understand the whole. And we would invite you then at the end of the meeting to hear from our co-chairs again about whether they feel those points have been addressed in full and where we go next. So first, I would love to turn to Angelica. I was reading in the recent UN Women Report that, in fact, participation in the labor force among women has been amongst the strongest here in Latin America, but of course is nowhere near where it should be. And the salary disparity is still quite marked. Tell us a little bit about why this is so important, what we need to do next, and what topics, what next steps you would feel are particularly important to hear from this meeting. Thank you. I would first like to illustrate what it would happen if we were to have or focus only on labor force. So I'm going to underestimate and talk about labor force. There have been studies by Goldman Sachs, by Booz & Company, by the IMF, where if only in labor force, which today is 80, 52 men, women participating in Latin America in the labor force, if we were only to have an 80-80 participation in the labor force, taking into consideration that a third of the women coming onto labor force will work part-time, which it would be around 60% of the amount of hours worked by the people who are working full-time. Taking into consideration that productivity, of course, will be lower because there will be coming new onto the labor force. We could increase just by equal labor force the GDP by 17% in Latin America. So I think that that really puts a perspective where we can really be if we bring women onto labor force. But in order to accomplish this, it's very important that the private and the public sector work together. Public sector, of course, implementing public policy and the private sector making sure that it gets implemented within the different areas in which it participates. And in order for this to happen, we also need to have inclusion. It's very important to not just talk about labor force. Even what could happen if the entrepreneurship will come and play a role into this. We also need unequal terms for men and women, especially for women to be pushed and to be supported and go into the STEM studies. And last but not least, you said it's imperative that we have equal pay for equal work. Thank you. And thank you for broadening the conversation beyond labor force participation. I'd like, Joseph, would you help us understand a little bit more about the broader picture here? I mean, we've had 50 million people overcame poverty in the last decade in Latin America. And yet poverty rates are still, I believe it's 28%, I'm sure, you know, better than I do. But help us understand what needs to happen next. And I really liked, Dan Helica, that you picked up the public-private aspect of this dialogue here.  Where might the solutions be if we talk about cooperation? Well, first, I think one has to see the context, which is historically Latin America has been the region, one of the regions that were with the highest level of inequality. The second point, though, is that broadly over the last 15 years, Latin America has been one of the better-performing regions. So it had a very high level of inequality come down, really remarkable because it was at the same time that in the United States, inequality was really increasing. Some people said it was inevitable that it had to do with globalization, technology. The successes of Latin America point out it's a matter of policy choice. And Latin America did change a number of its policies. And those policies, I think, played a very big role in the successes, not in every country, but in some of the most important countries. The third point I'd make is that, unfortunately, some of that success is slowed down. What's happened in the last few years, the progress has been much more timid, and that obviously is a source of concern. Now, you asked a question about the private sector, and one of the most important things the private sector can do is create jobs, you know, grow. Because when the most important weakness, the most important source of inequality is when there are no jobs, it drives down wages, increases inequality. So in a sense, when the private sector is doing its main job, which is growing the economy, and doing it in a way that creates jobs, it really is addressing the problem of inequality. But there's some other additional things. I mean, one of them is, as I said before, I think public policy is at the core of the ability to address inequality, reduce inequality. And it's important for the private sector to get on board that agenda. Now, it's so interesting at Davos this year, when they asked the business leaders, what was the most important risk for the global economy? At the very top of the agenda was a worry about inequality. And I have to say that's disproportionately reflecting the view of European business leaders, not American business leaders. And I think it's important for people in Latin America, business leaders in Latin America, and Europe to try to persuade their American colleagues that inequality is a global problem and has to be addressed. Thank you. So there are the foundations. Let's build on that. Can I just make one more comment? Because you said foundations. One of the important ideas here is that actually a more equal society can grow more rapidly. That's why it really does belong here as part of the foundation. Isn't that something like the head of the IMF, Christine Lagarde, has constantly emphasized, which is that economies with greater equality tend to have greater equality of opportunity and better economic performance, higher growth and more stability. So it really does belong here, not just as a social and a political issue, but also as an economic issue. Yeah, a critical one. And then perhaps Eduardo, I could turn to you because you've written a great op-ed recently on, OK, for the private sector to really get engaged in this debate, we need infrastructure. And you pointed in particular to the fact that we need to increase investment in infrastructure to, I believe, 5% of GDP. You asked? Tell us a little bit. I mean, feel free to talk more broadly about what you would like to see coming out of this meeting. But I'd love to hear a little bit more from you on that specific point about infrastructure as part of that framework. Well, certainly we're talking at this forum about the foundations for the future of Latin America. And I have chosen infrastructure because I find it also as part of the foundation for the future of improved movement of goods and services, trade and commerce, intra-regionally. And we have a very big gap in what is the size of infrastructure investment in other regions versus what we invest in our region. And the gap is practically to double the size from 2.5% to 3%. We should by now be investing at least 5% more in infrastructure. And infrastructure would help the region to act more integrated. But also it's a fantastic engine for job generation, which is much needed for everything we're talking about, social inclusion, improvement of income inequality. Infrastructure is an area where public and private can invest together and can find great ways of communicating better, setting the rules of the game. Latin America and some jurisdictions has relatively modern public-private partnership laws. And we haven't made much progress in that direction. I think the progress relates not to the absence of the rule of law or the rules of the game, but to the lack of dialogue and the lack of planning together public and private, understanding each one's needs and each one's limitations. So in the end, I think infrastructure is also part of the foundation of what we expect from the transformation of a region. Thank you. Inacio, take us beyond Latin America. Give us the global perspective. I mean, when we talk about the framework, we're thinking not just about infrastructure, but also about trade and investment. And in doing my homework, I saw in Latin America, I think Chile is the only country from Latin America in the top 10 of our enabling trade report. So perhaps what are your hopes for this meeting? What do you see as ways in which greater investment can be driven into Latin America? Well, I think, perhaps I will, they are already an important event, which is at the end of the year in Paris, which is COP 21, which probably is going to be one of the latest opportunities of the world to change the trend in carbon emissions. So I think in the point you mentioned about infrastructures, I think they are one important infrastructure, which is electricity energy. So the energy demand in Latin America is going to multiply by four times in the next 25 years. So it will require a huge amount of investment. It will require almost $1.5 to $2 trillion investment in this period. And I think that is unique opportunity, not only to make these infrastructures, but to make these infrastructures in a manner we will be environmentally and economic viable and to learn from those things we have not been doing properly in other countries in the last few years. So I think Latin America has already huge natural resources which can be exploited. They are already huge resources which can already use and apply existing technologies for making the things in different manner. But I think it will require two things. One is the legal stability and predictability, which I think globally in most Latin American countries, that is the, for example, the case of Mexico, has already land is applying since long time. But I think for infrastructures in general, require investment which payback stands for 15, 20, 40 years. So I think when you have to write such a huge amount of money to be injected into the system, this legal framework, this stability, predictability, long-term planning is absolutely crucial. And I think that is in the case of Mexico. We are in Mexico. That is one of the things which the reform of President Peña Nieto is trying to make. Just to create the framework to create the necessary rules for making it happen. And as you are, then all the means which are putting the creation of these independent regulators to have already level pre-filled access to the grid, the level pre-in access to the gas, et cetera, et cetera, that is going to attract huge amount of money to this country, which is going to create that one. But I think, and I think is my point with that one, is the fact that the work cannot continue emitting as much as we've been emitting. So the Western world is already trying to do something, but the emerging economies have to do their role as well. So because if not probably, certain emerging economies which are doing things in moving in their direction, in another one we are not doing, they will lose the train of the global in the future. Thank you. I asked if you would take us global. And this is a key global challenge. So hopefully by the end of this meeting, we can talk about some of the pathways to Paris on that particular issue and incredibly important energy reforms. So we've looked at the foundations. We've looked at infrastructure. We've looked at the energy. Now, perhaps we put a spark in this as well around innovation, because as we've talked about, the future will be between countries that actually are truly innovative. And here in Latin America, I think the average R&D spend is about 2.5%, I think, which is how do we, could I ask you, Carlos, how do we take this beyond? How do we inject innovation, productivity here in Latin America? What would your advice be? What would you hope to see from the meeting? Thank you, Lene. I would like first to take this opportunity to thank the World Economic Forum, Professor Chauvin, Marisol for inviting me to co-chair this event in Mexico. I think it's very relevant that we have this opportunity in Mexico to have this summit of leaders discussing common agendas between the private and the public sector, particularly agendas to foster development, employment, and inclusion. As you mentioned, we are living in a new era. This era is very much supported on the ICT sector, no innovation and communication technologies as the nervous system to make it happen. And I believe it's an era of inclusion, of access. It's an era that is giving us access to everything, to entertainment, to economy, to information. But particularly, it's an era that should give us true technology, access to education, access to health, and access to employment, and of course, to development. For this, the sector continues to have a strong development. This is a sector that requires strong investments that are being put on place on it for its development. But it requires every time more companies and people getting into this infrastructure to generate innovation, to generate new content, to generate new services. And I think that as we have here with the past comments, that we're talking about three very important sectors, the telecommunications or communication sector that is a very strong tool to foster the access in this era to all the issues that I mentioned before, or as well to innovation. The energy sector that will boost a very strong investment opportunity for our countries as well as economic development for them. And infrastructure growth that we require in our countries that will generate as well very strong economic activity and employment opportunity. So I think it's a very good stage to be discussing these agendas. And that it's, as I mentioned, a common agenda being discussed between sectors, between governments and private sector, and particularly between countries to do more collaboration together. Thank you. And I loved how you brought it back to the start of the conversation, the link between innovation and then back to how we make that a driver of education, health, and social progress. I hope you notice all of this is so interlinked. And as we've gone through the discussion, the connections between public and private sector and having a joint conversation are so important.  We're going to leave a little bit of time for questions from the floor, and then we'll break for the opening plenary, which starts in five minutes. I would ask that just in the interests of time, do please keep your question very brief and to the point and focused on the issues that we are working with here in the next couple of days. So can I see a show of hands from anybody who would like to pose a question to our co-chairs? We have a lady in the front. Just quickly if they're having it. So please, for you. And we have a microphone coming to you. Hi, good morning, everybody. Perla Bonrostro from ICTSD in Geneva. I'm sorry I was a bit late, but I would like to hear you, everybody, about the gender equation in Latin America. What is the perspective of your institutions, your companies? What are you doing in terms of gender in the sense that we would like to have more women taking decisions in the 21st century? Thank you. Thank you. Other questions? We have one question at the back, and in the interests of gender equality, I will, please, there's a mic coming to you. Just be brief, though, and then we'll bring the questions to the group. Just keep your question quite brief, if you would. Me gustaría saber cuáles son los principales problemas que ustedes ven en la región de Latinoamérica y especialmente en México. El web tenía un documento en el que hablaba de la desigualdad, la inseguridad, y las bajas tasas de crecimiento. Si están de acuerdo con esos tres problemas que está mencionando el web. OK, perfect. We have two questions here. I'm just to the floor. Is there somebody who would like to take on a question to start with? I would say we'll pick. Yeah, of course, very important. You know, when I was talking about public policy, there needs to be implemented by the different governments for women participation to be more active. You know, that's something that needs to happen through different reforms or different chains of laws or implementing laws. But the private sector doesn't need any of those laws to implement a different policy within the corporations to have more women coming onto the different corporations. The thing is, how do we move from having the very base where a lot of women participate, creating that pipeline so women can be part, especially, of the PNLs of the different corporations. Companies can do that just by being convinced, especially if the head needs to be convinced, that that is something that will be to benefit of the end results of the same. So I think it just needs to be something we truly believe in and see the results on other corporations that have done that. Can I just make two points? One, something very interesting yesterday. There was a big meeting in Washington sponsored by the Institute for New Economic Thinking, which is a think think that was created in the aftermath of the global financial crisis to think of new ways of economic thinking. And they had a very interesting conference where they brought together all the financial women leaders. And so you had Janet Yellen, who is the head of the chairman of the Federal Reserve, Christine Lagarde, who is the head of the IMF. And what they showed in this day meeting that actually there are really now very, very top women. They've broken the glass ceiling. But it hasn't been as universal as it should be. Many people think we would not have had a financial crisis if we had women making the key financial decisions, that there would have been a lot more prudent behavior. The second point I want to make has to do with public policy, that even in countries like the United States, even in Latin America, they've narrowed the gender gap in education. They haven't narrowed the gender gap as much as they should on pay. We mentioned that before you came. And the second point is that there needs to be a public policy framework on family leave, on child care, that really enables full participation. And that's a really big issue, even in the United States. We'll hope it will be a big issue in the 2016 campaign. Eduardo Iniasio Carlos, if you'd like to comment on sort of what your organizations are doing, all the importance, please. In 30 seconds, what are private entities or institutions like ours, very global, very widely spread on gender diversity, we have targets. We have targets because in professional service firms, what we see is women are more than 50% to the beginning of their career. Then they go down, and it's very hard to have a sustainable career because of the demands of professional service firms to get into leadership. So we have targets to promote women into leadership. But it isn't that easy. Just the targets don't make it. You need to create the favorable conditions to coach women in role models is essential. And we have one of the best role models. Our former chairman was Christine Lagarde. So our chairman for Latin America, her name is Claudia Prado. She is from Brazil. So we do a lot. But we are far from the objectives. On the problems, I would say the major problem that I see in our region is social and economic inclusion. And for that, we need to make something that is really sustainable, not just charitable. Very generosity is not enough. Iniasio. So I think I'm very proud to say that we are on the largest listed Spanish companies, the company, and the first in the utilities worldwide. We have more women inside our board. So not only more women, but as well, all the heads, all the chairman of all the committees that committees of the board are chair of women. And the women, and the person which is already the special responsible board member is a women as well. And the person which is already evaluating the board and fixing my salary, so it's a women as well. So I'm very pleased. The company as well, we have already made a policy. We have given the example at the board level, but we have already made a policy for doing the same thing at all the management levels as well as women. For that, we have already created a special policy for having a special treatment for those which are mothers.  So that is one of the reasons why in most of the countries what we are, we are the preference we just received yesterday in our work in Brazil for all Latin America, the preferred company to work. And I think most of it is just because all the things we are doing for women. So I think I'm especially proud and that is the thing. I think with my self-concent, all my staff with the exception of one, all our women. So all my, let's say, my bodyguard are already composed by women which I'm very satisfied with all of them. Last comment to you Carlos, please. No, just following with the comments that they say, I think that every time more and more is more an issue of skills more than gender, that that is very important. And we are as well internally fostering the development of women within the organizations, but also in other levels to support single mothers. I know we have a big base of single mothers in the retail space, for example. We are promoting together as well with health institutes, lactancy, places within the offices and the workspaces and many other different activities that can allow women to be able to have the time to work and combine their family members at the same time. So I think it's, and we are very similar in those cases, taking account the professional part and the personal part as well to help the development and of course the selection in the top areas. Thank you so much, Petra. I hope you've got some good, I think you've got great answers there. So I would like to thank our coaches so much for their leadership, their guidance, setting us off to an amazing start at the renovation agenda with perhaps women at the heart of it and also a strong collaboration between public, private and civil society. We're looking forward to a fantastic discussion here. Thank you for joining us and I'm afraid we have to race to the opening plenary so we will see you soon.


So, I pick up some comments, some questions, yes, that's you, and I... Thank you. I find it difficult to think with the representative agent framing what are the risks that are associated with allowing credit to be abandoned in a sector which has essentially fixed supply. I mean, I think it's impossible to reason about the evolution of house prices without taking into consideration their impact driven by availability of credit. So, the fact that the policy makes it more difficult for people to pay for young people to buy houses ignores the fact that house prices may be even higher if there were more credit. So, I find it a bit puzzling that that's not even considered. They also say, I believe Sweden is similar to the Netherlands in many things, including a funded pension system. In the Netherlands, as Dirk said, running five households end up in negative equity. There are, even if the economy does well, you can have all sort of idiosyncratic shocks and redistributive shocks are happening throughout the working class sort of ability to, I think in the Netherlands, we had a major transition between permanent employment and much more temporary employment. I think the risk build up exactly when you allow individual income to become more and more leveraged. So, quite frankly, I don't think the representative agent is particularly useful way to think about a problem we create. The Netherlands, like Sweden, need to finance this massive amount of mortgage funding by banks by borrowing all international wholesale market because, indeed, the households are relatively have good savings but they're all locked into the pension system. So all in all, I don't see, I don't find that this representative agent notion particularly assuring. I also disagree that in a crisis, you would expect interest rate to fall. It depends what the nature of the crisis is. Yes, Laura, some things. Okay. I mean, importantly, the mortgage market report, the commendable mortgage market report that the FSA is doing every year, which I think is a model for the rest of the world. It uses individual data, not a representative agent. And the stress tests done there are done on that individual data. And the result is that the households are extremely resilient and the resilience is growing over time. When you look at the numbers, it's quite amazing. And the mortgage market report is also monitoring the lending standards. And the reason, the resilience and the debt service capacity is so high is that the lending standards have been very high over the years before the tightening that happened the last couple of years. So even when I showed the case of the person who earned 26,000, he could actually, he or she could actually pay a 6% interest rate. So that was the discretionary income calculation interest rate use in that case. But it is not that credit is abandoned. It is not that credit standards have been falling. They have been rising over time, but they have been taking to an extreme level with the last couple of actions by that. That is my point. If you see lending standards falling over time, then you'll probably have a problem. They need to be high and preferably somewhat rising. And you have to look at the individual data and the whole distribution of households. You take to an expose level, I understand. Sorry? A loader? No. Can I raise the point on pension funds? You're completely right there, Enrico. As economists, we have argued for a long time, take a bit of your pensions as equity for your housing. It would make a lot of sense if on both sides, smaller balance sheets like Germany and you're less sensitive to financial shocks. What happens in practice? Mortgages are from the Ministry of Housing and Finance. Pension is from the Ministry of Social Affairs and then we have the usual government in Earthsea that nothing happens, but it will be a huge improvement without any cost to use your pension fund as down payment, as equity for your mortgage, for your house. Other interventions? Yes? Yeah. Isn't there scope for basic collaboration between the fiscal authorities and the monetary authority? In Denmark, in 2001, they made the big mistake of stopping the linkage between the market price of housing and property taxes, and they're now reintroducing that linkage because of the aftermath of the financial instability that the removal of that stabilizing force led to. The two questions here. So this is a question for anyone on the panel really. So there's a theme I've noticed in a lot of the talks this morning that have to do with either housing or stock market wealth, and we've seen quite a bit of evidence that wealth is important in the financial cycle. In the United States, wealth is roughly two-thirds held in the form of factories and machines through the stock market, and the rest is housing. In the UK, it's the other way around. I'm not quite sure how it is in Holland or any of these other countries, but the question or the sort of thought I have is do people on the panel think that these effects are coming through demand effects, or are they coming through the things that John Stress in his talk, which is collateral, which would be more of a supply side view. I think that's an important question to be thinking about going forward. Do you want to take this? There's a paper in Economic Policy which shows that banks have about two-thirds of their loans are in mortgages, so confirming your story and businesses anyway moving to services where you don't need money, and housing keep on rising, as Ada Turner is saying, because of lack of land supply, this is only going to increase. So housing becomes, if anything, housing gets bigger in Europe because they are on the balance sheet, and in the US, they are getting off the balance sheet collateralized, not here. So housing is here to stay, and I think the collateral mechanism, so the value of a house decides your consumption is extremely strong, and I think that's where the consumption effect comes in good and in bad times, because now we start to over-consume in the Netherlands because we feel rich with our house in Amsterdam, because we can consume again, and that's why the Netherlands is at the top of economic growth in Europe again, while we were at the bottom in 2012. Yes. A quick comment on Dirks, a very nice discussion. I think again one has to be careful drawing conclusions from one country to another, because the housing markets are very different. The Netherlands are quite different from Sweden, much higher loan-to-value ratios. The average loan-to-value ratio now is 63% for new mortgages in Sweden. That's a huge buffer on average. Very few borrowers now have over 85% loan-to-value most. That is really an LTV cap that is being maintained, but the important thing is to look at the detailed resilience. If I would see that those measures of resilience going down, I would be worried in Sweden. As long as they are high and even increasing over time, I feel much better. I think we have come to the ground. What really is the issue when I studied Ireland with Filaine and up to the crisis in Ireland in the last few years in the run-up, you got these LTVs above 90%. In the Netherlands, in 2008 we had to turn, so it's all in the five years buying before. That was the problem cases. All the people who had already the house were not getting a problem, so it is really the ones who enter the market at the latest time and at the high LTV. This combination is poison. All the others are fine. That's why you cannot look at the average. You really have to look at the individual people who come on the market. Can I say one? Yes, very quickly. However, in Sweden we actually had a real-time stress test. We had the financial crisis and house prices fell and unemployment went up quite a bit but actually consumption was maintained. Export and investment collapsed, but consumption kept the economy up during the crisis, so at least, of course, interest rates fell too. The cash flow improved for borrowers. Only a short remark. I think psychological factors also play a role in addressing, especially in Germany, people don't like debt. And in 10 years ago in Berlin you could buy, in the very center of Berlin, you could buy an apartment with about 1,000 euros per square meter. But people didn't buy it. In Berlin the home owner ratio is about 18%. Yeah, no, it's true. The concept of good and bad doesn't exist. All that is bad. No, just before we finished. I think that was, I mean, the conclusion here on that little exchange here, it's very difficult. It's macro-pudential instruments to implement. That's the first conclusion. It's always difficult. You always find arguments in favor or against. The second thing, I mean, Lars is on the data you have. I think it's quite unique. When you presented all your ratios, you know, debt to assets, this is really per households or per category of households or you take macro figures. Because for many you can really point to individuals, to households. But I'm not sure in all the statistics you show you can do that, you see. That was the comments we had also from the room. I mean, is it the representative agent or to what extent you have very detailed information. The graphs I showed were actually aggregates. Yeah, no, so I think we need to dig a little bit more into that. Because if you don't have to, I mean, the comments we understand, of course, but at least also to the question, how can you implement these measures? All, you know, responsible in financial stability, know the difficulties in household. I think Victor, these were very interesting presentations. I hope you are satisfied by this first day of conference. Thank you. We look forward Jean-Claude for your comments this evening. Thank you. Thank you, all of you. You have my email.


Kwa mwiazu, kwa kwa mwiazu, Nami na, Evansu, wa kwa wiazu ntavwiazu ya kwa matikumpo, ntavwiazu naja hizi kwa maaype. In Kenya, we are doing the work of leading the youth through mind education. So through mind education we want to change fast from the way people they think about situations, how they solve problems, how they interact with other people. This is the aspect we want to concentrate on. In Kenya we have so many NGOs, most dealing with the economic development of the society. But for us we are looking at the world of the mind. Okay interesting and we will delve into that later on. But we also want to know what is IYF, International Youth Fellowship, what are you all about because our audience now is the youth and you are working with the youth and how do you engage the youth? So IYF actually is I can consider it the largest youth organization we have currently across the world. The programs that we are doing for the youth fast is empowerment. We have many youth who are away from school. There is a big gap of youth who could not be able to enter into the formal system of education. We want to use empowerment to train this youth. So we have our center that is off Tikarot behind the Safarepa Kotel. In that place we have a youth center where we handle programs in the weekend. We have IYF weekend academy. In that weekend academy we are teaching around 18 courses, basic courses starting from air and beauty, ranging from computer, the dance that you just saw here. In all these courses we want to give them the basic skills that they can be able to use even if they did not have formal education or they could not be able to continue their studies, they can be able to use that to maybe start something on their own. Also we have an overseas volunteer program where now these youth that we have interacted with at different platforms we give them an opportunity to go to another country for 11 months. In those 11 months they interact, they engage the programs of the youth in that as they come back they have a broadened perspective about life, about what they want to do with their life. Apart from that we have a very active performance teams. We use also culture. As you saw here we have done more than culture. We use culture as a food leadership training because many people they are stereotypes about other people's culture. But if you take away that stereotype actually the world can be able to come together. The main pillars of IYF is the challenge, change and the cohesion because we believe the youth they face a lot of challenges in their life and these challenges they bring them down. But we want to overcome those challenges and then they can be able to change the way they think. When they change then automatically cohesion comes. So using those pillars we try to do our programs revolving the three main motives. Alright, I like that. Now into mind education I also understand just from research and getting to know about you that this is a concept that was borrowed from South Korea. So how is that working? How exactly do you change how someone thinks and how does this benefit someone before you start now engaging them in the different courses that are there? Yes, so mind education is a new concept that we have brought in to talk about the invisible world. People you don't see the wind but you believe the wind exists because you can be able to see the effects it moving trees, turning the windmills and such and producing energy. Even though you cannot see the wind the wind has a power behind it that is pushing it. So South Korea in the 1960s to 1970s we were almost the same economic level. If you check in the history of the national archives actually in the year I think 1963 after we got independence 1964 we also gave a grant to South Korea that time was around 100,000 Keneshili. Back then. But flash forward now 60 years later South Korea has become one of the top 10 most economic countries. There is a reason behind it. If you check in the economic growth in 60 years they have grown 300 times. If you compare with other countries there is no other country that has the fastest growth as South Korea. But if you check on the physical conditions of South Korea South Korea is a landlocked country. To the east is the sea, to the west is the sea to the south is the sea, to the north is the enemy North Korea. So they have no way to if it is resources they were conquered by Japan for 35 years and in that 5 years Japan planted everything of South Korea. So after that they had the Korea and all they separated north and south. And after that now South Korea was left with nothing. And the president who came then he realized we cannot be able to grow South Korea from the physical aspects. We need fast to change the mindset of the people. That is why he started the program he called the new village movement. The new village movement focused on making people patriots to love their country instead of building the roads like we do. They provide materials and the people they build routes for themselves. It is to build an hospital they provide the materials people they build the hospitals by themselves. So by changing this they set up even speakers within the city centers and they could play patriotic songs or they started a program where every week once someone comes out of your house and cleans the compound outside your house. A change that people now they embraced the country they loved the country and now they made they worked for the country. So he sent so many human resources into Germany into other countries so that they can be able to bring in the foreign exchange. So flash forward now South Korea is giving aid even to Kenya. Because of the concept not because of anything else but because the people themselves they were changed. So we need to lead our youth fast even before the economic empowerment because even if you give a money to a mind that is not empowered in terms of the world of minds it will just be plundered but if you teach them how to be able to control in mind education we have different topics we cover the relationship between design and self control we speak about the heart to trust in themselves we teach people to enter into misery we have topics that majorly they focus on the world that you cannot be able to see but we say like a river there is a way the heart is flowing water cannot go uphill it goes down here the same way the heart of people flows following a certain direction so being a Christian organization we borrow a lot from the Bible because Bible scholars they say in the Bible it means there is no other book that can be able to express about the world of the heart more than the Bible it gives a very big story in Luke chapter 15 of the prodigosan it has six stages someone who trusted in himself took his money went to a far country we stayed his money in that trust then he came back to his father's house there is a flow of his heart he came from trusting in himself he failed after that he neglected he came back to his father's house so this concept we want to impact it through the youth so we use different mediums one we do workshops we do trainings but the biggest platform you cannot just call the youth and put them in a seminar and teach them we arrange programs that are youth friendly first we have the IOF weekend academy it is a project that is partnered with the talent isle project under the ministry of youth so you are partnered with the ministry of youth so that is a good thing being a free program there are many youth that are unemployed there is this notion that people usually have I believe it is true when you give people something free maybe it is not valued as much as something that you pay for and that is why many programs that are usually charged for mentorship and all that peg some amount of money to it so for you now that you offer the courses for free how is the reception like do they embrace it do they go further after they get to learn actually this coming Saturday on 18th we have a graduation if you check the tradition of their growth we started post covid from last year 2022 now we are graduating season 4 now on Saturday we are graduating 800 students so if you consider the growth yes when you say it is free sometimes people take it as a light program but now when they come incorporating the mind education concept everything changes when you want to fish you throw a bait and when you throw a bait you bring this youth together now you can train them on mind education so the impact has been very great we have very positive real stories that we can be able to share with the society and show them that people they can be able to change if I can give example especially now the world is moving towards technology the more people are becoming more techno savvy in terms of working place Kenya is still an analog country because if you check the weekend academy that we run almost 30% of the students who come there they come for computer computer is a basic course people they think just because they are using smartphones they are using this now Kenya is digital but even in Nairobi we have so many people who are still computer retreat who cannot be able to do basic work on a computer so moving from there actually we start from those basic components that they can be able to use in the field so the reception the way that now is expanding very well even in Nairobi now at our center we cannot handle this number that is why we have partnered with the ministry of youth to start in our regions so this time we did in Komarok which is the Ava Youth Center there next season that is coming in January we want to use in Uare we want to expand it to Tala going outside Nairobi because if you go even outside Nairobi even more youths are there so we need to take away the notion of employment from the youth we need to give them the basic skills that they need so that they can be able to grow their life if you compare countries like South Korea where IOF is coming from the founder of IOF is from South Korea from the training of the youth they start branching off to their careers where they are still very young if they want to do music they start doing instrument as alias 5 years 10 years but most of our students after now they complete school the first course they are thinking now I need to do computer after you have finished the phone so we need to change that mindset starting from those levels from the early age before we close this conversation if there is someone watching and maybe they are wondering how can they join what are some of the qualifications that you look out for does one have to be unemployed to get the certain age limit that you allow and what are the factors so IOF Tala makes program that is why we don't specify age we have a program running from the students those who are in high school going up to 17 years then we have a program for youth 18 to 35 then we have a program for youth leaders youth leaders seniors above 35 but our programs are tailor made if we engage if there are some youth who are out there they want to engage with us at any level whether you are in school we establish this IOF as a club in universities and colleges so that also those youth who are there if they cannot come to our center we can take these programs to them so we are not very technical in terms of checking what they have done because we believe what we want to give them is more valuable so we don't consider also things like your level of education whether you are working or not working if you really have the interest to learn we want to receive such youth and also train them how does one apply for it IOF is on all our social media is IOF Kenya if you go to our website which is IOFKNIA.org IOFKNIA.org we have our programs outline there we also have a phone number is 0708 triple 3 triple 4 0708 triple 3 triple 4 so is an office line through that line you can be able to register now we have opened the link for next season which is weekend academy at IOFKNIA.org so with that site they can go there book a course because we fill the courses and close them we fill and we cost next year we have expanded a little bit for 2,000 people so that you can be able to cater for accommodate more people for how long does one season run their course is basically 3 months 3 months and you can only do one course so that you can be able to cater for more people we do it starting from Saturday and Sunday because most people whether they are in school or at work they can still do something so Saturday and Sunday for 3 months and then we graduate that we receive another cohort awesome thank you very much for coming and I love what you are doing for the youth empowering the youth and changing their mindsets I think it's a good thing to do especially in this tough economic time for most people giving someone the ability to do it themselves not wait for the government to come in and what not so you've said they can get you on social media at IYF Kenya and then on sale it's 0708 triple 3 triple 4 I have gotten that thank you very much friends again thank you very much for hosting us so that has been Ivan Smutinga who is our mind education specialist from IYF IYF is International Youth Fellowship they empower youth you've had all about it so you can follow them or you can join them if you want that's where I put a cap on this but there's more to come Grace will be coming on with the next very interesting interview so stick with us the hashtag is one the morning or there's devives