YouTube has changed where the transcript is for a video. So in the past, when we used to go to a video, you click on the three dots, let me move myself over here, click on the three dots and usually that's where the transcript was. Well, it's no longer there. Now what you got to do is look underneath the video to where the description of the video is the caption, you might say. And then click on the more under the description and then you got to scroll down to find show transcript. Click on this button and then the jumps you back here, let me move myself, the upper right of the video now has transcript. I actually turned off the timestamps. It usually looks like this. Usually you can click on any timestamp to jump to that section of the video, for example, but you can also click here to talk with timestamps. So I hope this is helpful. Thanks for watching.


In this presentation, we'll take a look at multiple choice questions related to budgeting, going through the questions, and then practicing test-taking skills with them. First question, reports costs of merchandise to be purchased, A, merchandise purchases budget, B, inventory budget, C, sales budget, D, cash disbursement budget, E, capital expenditures budget. Let's go through this again using the process of elimination. Reports costs of merchandise to be purchased, A, merchandise purchases budget. Sounds awfully reasonable, I'll keep that one for now. B says the inventory budget, that sounds kind of reasonable, like because we're purchasing stuff, merchandise inventory, so I'll keep that. C says sales budget, and that would be a selling stuff, not purchasing stuff, so I don't think that's it. D says cash disbursement budget, and we are kind of dispersing of cash possibly, or accounts payable, it's going up on one or the other, so I'll keep that for now. E says capital expenditures budget, and that has to do with us making expenditures for property, plant, and equipment, not merchandise or inventory, so I don't think it's going to be E. So let's go through this again. Reports costs of merchandise to be purchased, either A, merchandise purchases budget, D inventory budget, D cash disbursement budget. Of those three, I don't think it's D, I would think it'd be A and B, and A looks almost to exactly like the question for it to be actually the one, but it is the one. So we typically call, even though these two sound like kind of the same thing, inventory budget, there is no inventory budget typically, we call it the merchandise purchases budget. So the A is going to be the final answer. Reports costs of merchandise to be purchased, A, merchandise purchases budget. Next question. Which is not usually considered in preparing a sales budget, A, business capacity, B, future economic and market conditions, C, prediction of unit sales, D, the capital expenditures budget, and E, advertising expenses. Let's go through this again using the process of elimination, which is not usually considered in preparing a sales budget. So we're making the sales budget, that's like at the top of the budgeting process. This is one of the first things that we're going to start you thinking of the order of operations, we're making the sales budget, so that we can then make the other type of budgets typically first. So this is the first thing we want to get done, obviously we want sales to be as high as possible. A is the business capacity. So that sounds, you know, capacity of the business to make the sales budget, how much can we sell, that sounds reasonable, B says, future economic and market conditions, that's going to be something we will consider. We're going to think of last year's numbers and then consider future.


Hi this is Daniel Rosil, welcome back to my YouTube channel which covers developments in Jerusalem and Israel. As I mentioned in my previous video, there are less than 100 days to go until municipal elections in Jerusalem. Jerusalem has special significance in Israeli politics and with debates about religious tolerance and pluralism currently before, many will be watching to see what kind of administration the city lacks in early November. A popular refrain among Israeli political observers goes something like, what happens in Jerusalem ultimately happens in the whole country. One of the early challenges to the dominance of religious parties in Jerusalem has come from the Hitora Root faction whose main manifesto is centered around creating a more religiously tolerant city which feels less oppressive to its secular and less religious residents. The Hebrew term for religious coercion is kifia datit and a large part of the work of Hitora Root and other secular activists in the city such as councilwoman Laura Wharton has been trying to undo some of this coercion. Two days ago, Hitora Root made headlines by launching a free minibus service which would run on Shabbat. This was seen as a temporary solution to the long-term lack of public transport on Shabbat in Jerusalem, confining non-religious residents who don't own cars to their homes or however far they can walk for half of every weekend. The initiative's first pilot run was a success with the list claiming that interest in the service far exceeded availability. Predictably, however, not everybody in city hall was so happy with the move. One of the move's first and most vociferous opponents is far-right councilman and deputy mayor of Jerusalem, R.E. King. The Otamaehudit Jewish Strengths Party of which Itamar Ben Gvir is the head, today gave King its official endorsement in the election. According to Ben Gvir, King has proven over the years that the only thing guiding him is loyalty to the residents of Jerusalem but I think it really depends what residents you're looking at. King is a highly controversial figure within Jerusalem and national politics who has previously endorsed so-called pay for emigration schemes which would see Palestinians offered financial inducements to encourage them to leave Israel. He is also well known for his activism in attempting to evict Palestinians from homes in East Jerusalem and replace them with Jews. Reacting to news of the hitorut miniboss, King said that he would be seeking the advice of the municipality's legal advisor on the matter, attempting to see whether it violated election-related laws. King also requested the use of a restraining order that would prevent the service from operating at all. King wasn't the only one open about his disdain for the proposed miniboss service. City Council member Yehuda Freudiger also complained through official channels to crying the operation of the miniboss as an act of extreme secularism. For more videos on the 2023 Jerusalem municipal elections and other topics please consider subscribing to this YouTube channel.


Good evening and welcome to Scott's Valley High School the site of the 2016 Santa Cruz Coast Athletic League Wrestling Championships. It's gonna be a night of great drama. I'm Rusty Reed Pat Lovell We'll bring it to you tonight, but before they take to the mat. We got a pretty good team battle here Yeah, we do. Aptox is leading the tournament right now. They have 119 points. Harbour of course, we knew it's gonna be tough. I have a hundred and ten and a half Fennerin the Valley is in third place and they have 88 points and right behind him is Scott's Valley with 83 and a half So that's the close battle for that third and fourth spot And so Cal is number seven with 45 and Santa Cruz is number six with 42 points So a total of 95 JV and Barstey Russell It's only nine points the difference of the team now here we go with 113 out of Aptox It's Evan Carrillo and Jeremiah Aguier of San Lorenzo Valley as they get set to tangle for three two-minute periods. Here we go a Referee on this match is Mike Har Mike Har is a former three-month high school wrestler and wrestled at Humboldt State He's probably done 20 to 25 state high school wrestling championship They've been wrestling all day preliminaries and semi-finals have been going since two three o'clock this afternoon The start time tonight eight o'clock, you notice in the finals I Take down by Aguier Excellent crowd here tonight. We're at Scott's Valley High School and both sides of the gym about full So loud and full here at Scott's Valley Athletic director Louie Walters hosting this event very hospitable to the SCAL and letting us have and putting on our events here And of course Freddie Cortez as well The head coach at Scott's Valley wrestling a lot to do with putting on this show Still to nothing SLV with the nod For the championship at 113 pounds in Santa Cruz Coast Athletically six teams in the league with wrestling teams Again with a good stand up the very nifting Couldn't quite hold it 15 seconds left in this match Second period Yeah Two-minute rounds Three two-minute rounds Kenny polis polis Felistrini the head coach at San Lorenzo Valley High School Todd Kraft is assistant Aguier and the red and black one-point lead two to one Minute and a half to go in the second period Evan Cabrero career wrestling for head coach Reggie Roberts Ramon Zacharias Assistant long list of assistants at Aptos Great program going on over there right now He's got that tight waist ride Rio's too strong See what year are they rusty well, I got uh, I don't know Yeah, Korea with that in the 10th grader and Gary is 11th grader No good matchup here really Really competitive Gary now leading 41 It's not high left high left About 40 of them 10 seconds in the period The Gary four-to-one lead here 10 seconds to go in the second of three periods And you know, I don't know if you saw this rest event A new champion last year Only ranked eighth in CCF Well, that's a handful for career when you know you're going against the returning league champion who won it as a sophomore very impressive But career a little bit marching back two to four So that gave him two points he's up six to two now with a minute and a half to go in the match Six to two now with a minute 17 in the third at Gary with the lead It's like conference over at the scores table. Yeah, it looks like there's a question on what to put the proper score Yeah, eight to two that's correct with the two point two point reversal and two point near fall that's a very Both these wrestlers are on to CCS the finalists both advanced first and second place 25 seconds to go Jeremiah a Gary for the second year in a row champion Very impressive There was no No downtime that's the kind of matches the referee Real quick we're gonna tell you our sponsors bringing you this match tonight Aptos sports club craft body shop KP construction and Greg Lopez as now we move on to the 120-pounders Gabriella Sandoval Scott's Vowry and Marcus dong of Santa Cruz In the dark singlet yeah ready to go Marcus dong only a freshman Again, we're at 120 pounds. It's our third weight class of the night Kind of just sparring out there kind of feeling each other out to see what's gonna work here Gabby was in the finals last year and here in Santa Cruz Coast athletic league finals as a freshman and I lost that match, but second in league went on to CCS She's currently ranked number one in CCS Gabby Sandoval At this Well, she's number one seed at CCS and she could very well be the champ and on the state Second-place finisher at the Peninsula Invitational the Weber Lawson JV tournament She came in second and first at the Trojan Rath turn And Scott's Valley has had a great tradition female wrestler and girls from here doing very well University up in Canada Yeah, you certainly know in the end of the periods come about so after one Two to nothing so it's tight Again, Marcus dong only a freshman Part of that big comeback of the Santa Cruz team Yeah, that was a really a great story way Santa Cruz put that team together so late in the season it got a coach Emiliano Aragon the head coach at Santa Cruz and assisted by Cody Kiff Two points, I think They were standing up I don't know if they were contesting the Call the edge of the map because her feet were still in as long as you're supporting points are still in your opponents out of bounds You still score points, so I don't know why why the referee didn't score that because dong Through the headlock. He got two and two on that. Oh, I guess yeah, I guess you got two and two and then When she came out of there But look to me like she had another possibility of another two points for a take down on the edge As it stands four to one on the scoreboard or halfway through their match it's a minute and a half Well, actually I keep thinking the matches are three minutes or each period, but it's only a two-minute period Now she'll wrestle in CCS and in-state against all girls is that correct Oh, it's a lot More fear. Yeah, I mean the competition here. It's just got to be amazing for her. Yeah, that's you know going against guys Good honor. We have a number a number of girl wrestlers in this tournament Four to one still the score Far enough long trying to kind of set her up for that headlock You watch you watch these right arms. You get your head up high and see his right arms start to come across She's not pushing into them hard enough Five seconds the second period So Santa Cruz last year three wrestlers out on the for the team last year Three now they have 10 amela ameliano aragon coaching 10 of them Anthony avala who's on the team santa Cruz ryan falcon demetrius galegos bruné Aguilara and Deanna Aguilara who a brother and sister damien dahera and isaac marquez Make up the santa Cruz team Cup All right, so dongan santa ball duking it out 54 seconds to go in the match Four to four on the reversal by dong Dong only a freshman Again, we're wrestling at 120 pounds 45 seconds It's all defense for dong right now Over time over time hero would be a minute At this period It's it's sudden death first to get a point Gabby santa ball and marcus dong here at 120 pounds scott's valley and santa Cruz representative santa Cruz dong in the red scott's valley in the dark One minute overtime period Again number one seed and ccs Wow, that was a great match marcus dong also going to ccs being a finalist here in the league championships And he only a freshman And that's the one thing that we have in sccl is we only have uh Because of our the way we show in ccs we only get too qualified So if somebody has not wrestled number two or number three have not left in the tournament We have a wrestler tomorrow Which is called a two second because we would like our best our best wrestlers to go Uh, the ccs if we do well there we can end up getting a third qualified Which should be really good So here we move on to 126 pounds our fourth Match of the night from scott's valley. It's wow or tease The junior and from san lorenzo valley We've got wyatt attachly And he's a sophomore. Yeah, our teams didn't wait it didn't waste any time So again, wyatt attachly is uh trying is in the dark singlet. He's On top right now Oh, no, it's our scott's valley is the dark Leading two to nothing in the first period with 40 seconds to go Trying to work that arm bar. He's getting a little bit high there too high when your opponent is still on his knee Make a head here adjustment here Coach paul is screening and Todd craft out there You're the greatest gentleman from the san lorenzo valley craft family and Crafts body shop and great supporters of wrestling over the air all the kids wrestle their dad tried to wrestle but You know, he got he got pretty good So Those kids got him pretty good. I think and the scott's valley coach again, freddie Cortez And ken kenegard is assistant Now they've got their representatives out there right now at 126 pounds only eight seconds to go in this first period two to nothing They want to take the second period here we go two to nothing I Need a banana split if you can step through here Called a stalemate. I think they're official felt that neither one of them was gaining any great positions, so called a stalemate Again white attachly and the red and black and white single it or teas for scott's valley and uh Mostly, I guess it's maroon, but it's hard to tell what the lighting which is nice and dramatic. I love the lighting Yeah, it does They deserve to build that drama for an event like this So there you have it with the pin why an attachly part scott Raul Ortiz Dominic Aguirre is the twin brother of Jeremiah Aguirre He's already a winner a league champion here. They're both juniors Just got a nice double leg takedown on Zacharias Dominic Aguirre did that was a nice double leg takedown Move the match keep them out the skate there for Aguirre's leg up trying to work her take down on This will be a really very competitive match because Zacharias He's ranked number two in CCF Three points on the board on that gio being Pushed on by the giant aptos contingent here at scott's valley high school Gio Zacharias Dominic Aguirre ranked 12th in his own right in CCS. That's not fair when He liked Santa Cruz And Zacharias up six to two early in the second of three periods That was two really really nice advanced moves That arm bar arm bar across here Thinking Gary Gary hit his head. I think when they when they came down I think he hit his head so they'll have an injury time out now Aguirre trying to join His brother Jeremiah as Jeremiah as a league champion again. I mentioned both twin brothers Jeremiah and Dominic at San Lorenzo Valley High School Juniors they'll both be going to CCS regardless Gary if he can Come back from this. I don't know if it was a head injury or a shoulder I think he came down on his head. I think And the trainer Carolyn Walker the trainer here at scott's valley is out on the mat Carolyn will make a decision if she thinks it's something that has to do with a concussion or something She'll have him stop the match and And get him to the doctor Well again, congratulations to Raul Ortiz who won the 126 pound match Right before this one with our first pin of the night Everything has been in decision, but uh Ortiz with the pin the junior league champ Ortiz a boxer as well In fact, I've been talking to some of the coaches a lot of these uh Kids have bought well not a lot, but some have boxed them and it helps with the footwork. Yeah So Gary is back on his feet I guess he's okay. He's out there Like Gary in the red and black Zacharias in the blue with the eight to two lead Zacharias champion in two tournaments this year the gym route and the dawn to dusk Probably took the half a little bit too far The bottom rusher couldn't turn When the referee stopped him that there seems to not I guess the referee was showing that there was no control of what he was doing Are the two officials tonight? I'm glad to see him back in the ranks of the official Our other official In the show he's another young official that's really coming along So we've got a good group tonight Zacharias really riding tough In 45 seconds left He was a ccs finalist last year Zacharias was and state qualifier So this is no no Surprise or Gary's got his hands full but he knew he would coming in Geo Zacharias going for Santa Cruz coast athletic league championship number three He's the two-time champ coming in Broke the all-time aptos record for pins this year as well So uh Gary avoiding a pin, which is uh Zacharias's forte Zacharias is a senior He's bleached his hair everyone on the aptos varsity has bleached their hair for this league championship match Score still eight to two 30 seconds to go the aptos contingency cranking it up 10 seconds and Zacharias the league champion Dominic Aguirre you do have to hand it to him avoiding that pin alone Zacharias winning the league championship for the third year three times for the senior at aptos high school He was a ccs finalist last year hoping to win the title this year very impressive geo Zacharias Wow That was a really good match What very very competitive We're going to move on to the 138 pounders now We got jesse castillo from harbour high school So expect the green singlet coming up and jed craft from san lorenzo valley and the red and black Jed craft has been an interesting story this year Jed hernias cared his knee and looked like the senior real was completely gone They went to a good sport medicine doctor and they fixed up a brace for him and uh, he's been able to wrestle wrestle with that bad knee but uh, he would have been a real Well, he's still a challenge for the ccs championship, but that knee is going to slow him down I'm sure but he still ranked number three. He's a very very good competitor And he just got accepted to my old alma mater cow. Oh, congratulations. I'm very happy for him there That craft hurt that knee early early in the year. He's been going Well, and he's undefeated. He's he's had 13 matches. I'm not a lot Uh, because he could have had 35 Also big for 140 pounder, too. Don't you think he's very muscular long arms? Looks like a big 40 pounder Nice shot in the double leg takedown brought the leg low That's an important thing trying to move up on top of Up on top of Castillo Out of bounds Castillo was a finalist last year for harbor and in this very final match loss who came in second league went on to ccs where he was two and two In the ccs tournament Hard on top. I thought he really gets after it One side he's trying to craft that wrist on the far side to walk around his head Castillo is Giving him a good fight here Perhaps waiting to nothing with Five seconds left to go here in the first period That's how to wind up two to nothing at the end of just the first period So craft the apple cider tournament outstanding wrestler award.  He's in the league finals. Yep. He's back here again Another shot another nice shot for a single leg takedown. I think Castillo's staying away pretty good You have to put in the fracture you're done here Yeah That low single again. He does such a nice job hit that low single and the guy's pretty helpless when he pulls that leg underneath Towards the two-point take down there. There we go sir. He was tilt again didn't work Went through a roll through no point score So he's leading four to nothing now with one minute and five seconds left to second period Castillo's the first harbor pirate we've seen here tonight. It's our fifth Weight class of the night. He's coached by greg lopez and a fine job at harbor Steve batista. Yeah Yeah, and uh, there's another wrestler from harbor who's not here tonight because of injury. It's jack gradehouse He's got a broken collarbone that happened in a match Otherwise, he was a definite pick to be a finalist. Yeah, these two seconds left top position 14 seconds second period Perhaps hanging on there. You know that thing go Two seconds you got to move up in that position or you can be It was that he couldn't make a move, you know, he was so much trapped down there That's when the official usually call it stalemate where neither one of them can get an advantage So four to nothing craft with the lead with two minutes to go a third period coming up Castillo's a junior craft a senior Craft again from slv in the red and black Worked that front head and arm now he got back on that single again once Once Castillo turned away from him It put his weight on his hands out to take down his craft had both legs above the knees and He had everything it needed to so he goes up seven to nothing there in the third period Jed craft has his dad along at practices Todd craft one of the assistants the assistant at slv assisting kenny full of stringy He's got that tight weight that craft is working on that tight waist and I'm trying to work across to get that forearm and get his tilt Craft that arm. I was got his vine in Get a turkey mover And you got a couple points there You got a two-point near far How he's up nine zero Minutes to go in the third and final period They're slowly getting the points up. I don't know what to deal with The jed craft in the driver's seat nine nothing lead. He's got that You got that vine on the leg there now And uh position where it was almost illegal, but let him turn to the side and that That really helped out So craft one of five finalists from harbour here tonight all members of the santa cruz grappling club SLV I should say it's it's castillo's the harbour One of the five finalists for harbour Probably has his power half it looks like from this side. I can't tell because We're looking at the back the back side He's really trying to turn him here Five seconds to go The champion had 138 pounds from san lorenzo valley high school jed craft There he is. He beats jesse castillo nine nothing both again moving on to ccs So craft the knee didn't seem to bother him much He has a Tight he's probably making him limp a little bit. All right. Wow My mighty impressive. It just goes to show why outstanding wrestler award The apple cider classic now would involve every single weight class the one wrestler that gets that award That I bet's a handsome trophy Okay on to 145 pounds as the wrestlers Take to the mat. You got mace anderson from harbour high school and jared rosseter of scott's valley You know, here's another kid from from harbour. He's very good. He's uh James anderson very good very slick on his feet I watched him turn people over and hit him and stuff but that looks like Ross and rosseter is going to give him the one for his money Yes He was on top of mace anderson's up to two to nothing Rosseter coming out the back door He's got a two-point reversal And even steven right now. Yeah and the slick moves rosseter the senior came in third last year in league Four should be 44 Scorekeepers, I don't know what's wrong with them. They're not keeping up with the match I was 40 seconds in the first period And me and rosseter are back over there in the back when rosseter was able to Good match very competitive match for the fourth score 20 seconds to go in the first Five seconds it's gonna run out of time It was close you know ran out of time Seven four So rosseter last year third in the sccal and mace anderson second in this league tournament last year and finished uh The top eight in ccs and he's only been wrestling for 13 months mace anderson He too is a boxer Mace from harbour high another one of those kids from the santa cruz grappling club, which they're wrestling all year round Oh, yeah Anderson took bottom on the second period there rosseter on top there anderson with a quick stand up Fighting the hands looking to get his one point escape There we go with the montana walk away and got his one point That was up eight to four You gotta show a lot of respect here for each other Mace Anderson How about that so mace anderson from the harbour high school with our Wow mace our league champion at 145 pounds the jr Came in first in the colt invitational third in the apple cider So uh the boxing and the footwork for the boxing does wonders You come in and just a year you could win league. Yeah Congratulations to mace Congratulations to jerry rosseter who also move on to ccs now at 152 jesse barry in the red and black of sandler runs a valley and nick reyes of scott's valley I think nick reyes was a starting starting quarterback on the slv football team Had a great year You notice the body size is the muscle development and as we're going up the ladder It does we're at 152 pounds right now So a lot of different schools doing well here scott's valley with a couple champions slv Soquel harbour aptos Everyone's getting a piece Respect each other pretty well You jockey and if you try and get a position here and morning called on red Mary's trying to throw he can't get that hip across lateral drop throw here upper body America woman Nick reyes scott's valley's nick reyes defending league champion Going for two in a row Mary tried to It didn't quite work for him and uh was lucky enough to get a take down on that Or I should say skills enough to get a take down on that I want to be politically correct Just the berry up top two minutes to go here at the start of the second period Two to nothing Is that a penalty point a penalty point, I don't know what if the other wrestler brought him down Anyway, he's leading three to nothing now and one third of clock stop clock stop Ah Clock is not running That won't be any fun. You end up wrestling an eight minute match Slick moves there Clock back underway, but they're gonna end up with a two and a half minute period I don't think it wrestling. I'd want an extra time Five to one here a minute minute to go in the second period Reyes trying to repeat again reyes is in the darker singlet trying to repeat his league champion Like he's trying to set him for that by the drop Gonna use the back here nice move by reyes. That's a that's an advanced move right there You can put your body like that step through and skip take a man right to his back That's a very fine wrestler Ten one lead for reyes should be the end of the second period any second the clock says 20 seconds They are going to give him the extra time. It looks like Jesse berry from so be only a sophomore Yeah, berry uh first in the wilcox tournament fourth in the apple cider First in independence On top They're working them on top of that so being trying for the pin and the big upset Reyes got out of it. They've got a 10-5 right now reyes a minute to go in the match There it is Scoreboards got 10-6 reyes in the lead 50 seconds to go Isn't that the truth here reyes Commanding the entire match and one mistake. It could have been all over just like that The head is down in his back and bent up Upwards like that and uh official stop that because they're potentially Dangerous for 20 seconds to go in the match 12-6 reyes On berry and berry almost molding through again. Here he goes He's on his back. He's got him in the can the clock inspires 52 pounds League champion for the second year in a row Nick reyes of scott's valley Yeah, I mean that was two inches from uh Runner up in league which as a defending league champ wouldn't really be that expected Now we got Sebastian now we knew better from harbour Against daniel valet from apcot two very competitive young man 160 pounders with a first period run over sabastia mallory of harbour boy the senior valets with the league champion Mallory of sophomore Seabass they call him sabastia mallory. He'll be back next year only a sophomore in the league final But on that one it was all dan valets of aptos high school with the pin in 25 seconds reggie roberts The head coach There at aptos and when you have 60 kids in your program, you're gonna have a lot of coaches. You've got peter myestas Ramon zackarias assistant coach gary fielander The twin brothers ben and jacob rodriguez and johnny valets All the guys helping out at aptos high helping reggie roberts Now we have a lot of swikers from soquel Close by shane towards the game's cable of martin from aptos 170 pounders Do a very good looking young man here swikers tried to start a start a lateral drop there and found out he couldn't do it A nice shot by swiker Aptos the deep power coming in Aspected to win a lot of individuals and the team championship that win by dan valets at the 160 pounds That was his third championship in five years There goes uh martin with a beautiful switch on that came right around Swiker was in these finals last year so he's no stranger to the Spotlight at center mat and Just back from a shoulder injury swiker does Yeah, that holds up well against martin So how about that dan valets there on that 160 pound match? We just saw his third sccal league championship. Yeah, and you know, he was a he was a starting down lineman for that for that ccf championship He was one tough Swiker leading six You know, it's going to be hard fought and close swiker is currently ranked He's ranked 16th in ccs swiker from soquel where uh kala martin is 20th In all of cb George mendoza was handed the championship because of default but yeah, that's the first one slot on the mat How about that the senior league champ came in second last year? Caleb's all he's a junior Caleb martin Guys got a patent for a game a board game. I have a minute 10 on the clock The clock's got 30 seconds All fouled up If the clock is that bad, they should just go with uh, they have a handcloth They did say they have a clock at the table back up now. I thought we had a pin Yeah 15 seconds in the match Swikered up 10 to three Swikers soquel in the blue The darker blue And there's your league champion at 170 pounds. Soquel's a lot of swikers The senior with the victory over Caleb martin Sorry Caleb jumping the gun on you Another period to fight back from aptos Tusslin at 170 pounds and they look every bit of that Leverage leverage is good and wrestling Swikered in the blue and gold 12-4 lead with 40 seconds to go martin only hope now is a pin 35 seconds martin's back next year is a junior swiker. It's a senior 16 seconds to go Uno swikered of soquel the winner at 170 pounds coached by shame torrez The new champion at 170 for the santa cruz coast athletic league Now we move on to 182 got adam vega of aptos In the blue and white singlet and frankie graves of scott's valley Graves of senior vega from aptos a jr More of that uh bleached hair Again every single varsity wrestler for aptos bleached their hair. They all wanted to do it. That's intimidating. Yeah, that's intimidating They look good. They look like one big family. Don't they I bleached my hair gray You and me both Adam vega from aptos currently 15th ranked ccs wrestler came in second in the big jim route tournament 182 pounds Graves was in that this final last year loss came in second in the league Get that head elevated you can step across it's not going to work for you Again graves wrestling for head coach freddy cortez and assistant kin kinnagard Cortez has been at scott's valley for seven years now 14 kids out good showing Gaby sandoval who we saw earlier kindle darnel gavin jacobson some of the wrestlers at uh scott's valley Raul Ortiz Who we've seen devin gunderson jared rosseter gared miller nick reyes one of our champions here kailyn smeisted frankie graves here alexandra lopez cassidy o bryan sofia mcqueen and ethanie hines First points of the match So vega then with the two-point lead So now three two both wrestlers on the board Graves on top one second to go Into the first period cranky graves three adam vega two Yep, they do middle linebackers We're at 182 pounds Only three more weight classes after this it's going fast Five three graves in the lead graves for scott's valley He's got vega on the ropes A lot of time in the period 45 seconds Graves with the big victory for scott's valley My goodness So the home crowd loving that now i know he came in second last year But i've got a note here where he is a champion in another year of the sccal Well, how about that so the senior Gets adam vega of aptos the jr Here at a win league at 182 pounds Frankie graves How about that ranked 10th in ccs right now? He'll be on his way to the central coast section to Prove his prove his might i'm so killin something next again jack harris jack harris the number one Oh Great young man born in san francisco state on the baseball ride We wish him all the luck in the world and wow Maybe you'll get a little wrestling up there with coach larris jensen at the fan Wow, so he's the league champion in football He's the league champion in wrestling. He's on a college baseball scholarship That's amazing jack harris. Wow He may he may hit a couple double leg takedown He was a champion last year in san jacuzco's athletic league wrestling So two in a row for jack now we're on to 220 pounds It's aptos adrian fluffy galendo against e-lawy were released in the green of harbour This could be a really competitive match here He lawyers is ranked way up there in ccs. He's second in ccs and Number one Should be noted that cody bryan is only a freshman That last match Nice try by glinda with nice double leg, but they were out of bounds You couldn't quite hold him in Who is wrestling before and he's got a great headlock so Glinda's gotta be Able to keep his head down and not let him walk up Currently rake second in all of ccs ruiz of harbour As a finalist last year Glinda with senior ruiz a senior To glinda last year's sccal champ. He finished fifth in ccs last year And ruiz A finalist in the sccal last year Won the colt classic just last week ruiz did Number one in ccs versus number two in ccs This is great when you have a league championship when two are the best in all of ccs 220 pounds the weight class Fluffy is the champ. Fluffy glinda of aptos Eli ruiz of harbour So fluffy holds the lead 7-2 with one period left These two could meet again in ccs championship Wouldn't that be cool? Yeah Adrian Fluffy glinda of aptos the winner of the sccal 220 pound class He he came down from heavyweight here. We dropped weight came down from heavyweight and You know they had to rearrange the alignment there at the lineup If you say it No, I can add that award to his all-league nose tackle Pick for the three-time ccs champion aptos mariner football team Here we go number that was a fun match. This is our last one 286 pounders So bunzel the aptos senior Over the junior jimmy morris of harbour Wow The bigger they are the harder they fall 286 pounds only 13 seconds. I feel we got robbed on that one That is going to wrap it up for you and I pet yeah Thank you to our sponsors aptos sports club craft body shop kp construction and greg low pads So from scott's valley high school. I'm rusty league That level saying so on good night, and we'll see you next year


Our first question is from Nicholas Wells. Is there an optimal body fat percentage for building muscle? 11.23% That is the percentage. Kind of an interesting question. It is. You know, I can tell you that I don't think there's gonna be a number specific from person to person but I can say this that being too lean has been shown to inhibit muscle growth and being too over fat can do the same thing. Part of it has to do with the hormonal effects. For example, when men start to get into the single-digit body fat percentages, you tend to see testosterone levels dropping. You tend to see growth hormone levels sometimes having issues. Androgen receptor density starts to go down a little bit. When their body fat percentage is too high, same thing. So, okay, what are those numbers? Personally for me, my best like muscle building body fat percentage tends to be above 10% and below maybe 14%. When I go above 14%, I start to get kind of negative returns where I'm just gaining more body fat than muscle.  Yeah, that I was gonna say that this depends right on how we're talking about this because the most anabolic I have ever felt is after cutting down to 3% and then going back the other direction.  Right. So, I mean, but imagine maintaining. Is there an optimal body fat percentage for building muscle? Like, oh yeah, so if I was trying not to be bigger, more body fat than 3%, then yeah, you're right. But if I cut all the way down to 3% and then I reversed into a bulk from there and just say I'm not worried about it going. And honestly, this is how I would do it after a show and I would get down to that kind of 3% range or so. Give or take. I would allow myself to go all the way back up to about 9-10%. And it was like I was on the gain train all the way until I started to see myself reaching that 9% or so. And then I would back off because I would say somewhere in that 9% range. I felt the most primed for for building muscle. Yeah. So, but you know, again, I think there's tremendous value in cutting down and getting lean and then reversing the other guys. Now maybe not as extreme as you did it, right? Because I want to be, I also want to caution the audience for a bunch of dudes. They're like, oh, I got to get down to 3% because that is a whole getting below, I'd say 8% body fat for the average guy. There's a whole different ball game.  It's not great. So yeah, don't don't cut down to 3% to try to reverse out. Yeah, no, I'm by no means this is not a recommended. Obviously, this is not a overall health type of question. This is, you know, where do I feel that the optimal body fat percentage is? And I don't know. I don't know if there's an exact percentage or it's more about where you are in your training. Yeah, I think more of that. Like I was thinking I'm trying to speculate, even I've had clients that came in way overweight and, you know, just maintaining whatever calorie I'm out there at but now adding in resistance training had a dramatic shift, you know, in terms of like them and their potential for building muscle. But it makes a good point in terms of like being, you know, at your leanest and now introducing maybe you're a little more sensitive to those calories and sort of reprioritizing those calories into muscle building. So I feel like you're primed to be anabolic because your body is wanting to add and then you feed it the way you want. But to your point about, and I think you're probably more right on where this question is coming from, because I get a lot of people who are somewhere between 13 and 20% body fat and their question is, should I cut first or should I bulk? And the answer for me is if you're north of 15%, the, I think you mentioned this, right? That's where your testosterone levels tend to dip after that. Definitely after 20%, you start to notice this. You say after 15. Yeah, 15, you'll see it. Definitely after 20. In women, it's like 30. So in that case, if you're somebody who's just getting started on your teen and you're like, okay, I'm 18, 19% body fat, is it more advantageous for me to try and bulk and build muscle from here? Or is it better for me to lean down a little bit? I would probably suggest leaning out a little. But it depends on their metabolism. Exactly. That's the big thing is that if I get you, say you're at 18 to 20% body fat, but you're, okay, let's say, let's use it of males and say, I think this is a guy who's asking this question. So let's say you're 220 pounds, 19% body fat, and you want to know what you should do here. But you're only eating, okay, there's 220 calories or less. Yeah, 2000 to 2200 calories. I don't want to cut you. I don't want you to lean out right now. I want to build. So even though it might be more advantageous to be 13% body fat trying to build muscle, because your body is in a better position to build more muscle, your metabolism isn't in the most optimal position. And I care about that first before I try and attack the next. Now, all things being equal, because I think what you're, if you're, obviously, if you're watching this, you realize that there's a lot context, there's a lot of context that matters. And it depends on the individual. And I know people hate it when that, when we answer that way, but that's just the way it is whenever you're working with individuals, you have to look at the whole picture. But all things being equal, okay, everything's healthy, they're not a newbie with resistance training necessarily. So forget the stimulus, the workouts, good, good sleep. All things being equal, I think I could say probably for men, maybe nine to 15% is probably a good body fat percentage for building muscle. And for women, it's probably a probably 20 to maybe 27% or something like that. I think for women, when you start to go below 20% and the leaner you get, then you start to see some kind of negative effects on hormones and with men, that can happen after going below 9% and then going above 15%.  And it can increase the way that your body responds to estrogen, it can cause increased cytokines or inflammatory markers. Too much if it's not good, not enough if it's not good. Exactly. So nine to 15, and then now what determines if it's nine or 15? Well, genetics, probably, right? So Adam and I tend to be more on the ectomorph side. Being leaner was easier for me than being heavy.  Justin might be a little higher. He's a little bit more on the endomorph side, right? Husky, robust. Yeah. So, but you gains. Come up with a good descriptor. Well, I'll tell you what, think of it this way. If 9% for me, I could build really well. I bet for you, you probably wouldn't feel very good walking around 9% the same way. It feels terrible. It's like death. Right. So there's a bit of a range here, but the key is not too low, not too high, is probably best. So ultimately, what does this mean? Healthy. That's really what it boils down to. Well, and that's why the answer that I gave is that we need to get you in a healthy place metabolism-wise before I'm even concerned about building muscle or burning fat. Right. So regardless of what body fat percentage you're at, in the range you gave, I think is a very fair generic range that I think is true. But just because you're outside of that range doesn't necessarily mean I would want you to cut first depending on what Justin was talking about your calorie intake.   Exactly. We're going to try and get that to speed up.  I want to address your metabolism first, which would mean we're going to be focused on building strength, building muscle and slowly increasing calories before we decide to get you down into that optimal place that you were talking about.


Thank you. Thank you, Nan. Thank you for the invitation to be here. And yes, the invitation is to talk about what is emerging. And I want to start with a very blunt declaration that I love the term emerging. And I am an emerging artist. Hashtag said no one ever. It's true. I certainly would never use this word to the word emerging to describe myself. And I certainly try to avoid it when when describing others. Because an artist is an artist. But if an artist feels that emerging is actually a useful way for others to describe his or hers or ex's work, then why not? We should consider it. And the word it definitely suggests experimentation. And it adds excitement. And it adds freshness. And just saying the word, you can feel that it's already quite vibrant and quite playful. It implies some sort of movement and newness as opposed to moulds and oldness. Yeah, emerging sounds much more like a process rather than a binary distinction between one thing and another. And yes, it does give this sort of sense of movement in some sort of direction. Let's say in the direction of something good, in the direction of light. We are emerging. We are doing it now. And it's a process that has begun. And it's slow. It's usually a very slow process. But it's a steady process. And it's quite strong. And yet, although it's clearly on the move, emerging is also something new. But being emergent, being emerging means to be specific, which is of course the opposite of being vague. And being emerging can mean basically two very specific things. A subject with a specific age or and a specific background. Okay? Well, it can mean that unless she or he or ex had work already shown at let's say at Kunson Festival is out, then you're not emerging anymore. Or unless that wasn't exactly the subject's first major show, then you're not emerging anymore. Or unless the budget is over 50K, then definitely you're not emerging anymore. So this is age. But as for the background, an emerging artist can be either someone you never heard of, or an artist you may have heard of. Or maybe an artist that just came out of a theater school or dance school. Maybe not because theater it's too vague and the background really needs to be quite specific. Because emerging is good. But it's important to think emerging from where. And that's the background. Because the subject must be emerging from somewhere, from something. And that thing, it's the thing which we should be thinking about as much as we should be thinking about the emerging subject's age. And this place, this background should be like a place that should give the artist some sort of mitigating factor. Like the audience will forgive you. Because this is your first show. So the audience is very nice to you. And because hopefully you're all hard and no polished. Because you came from and now here you should insert a prejudice at your own choice. I'll choose a Comedia dell'arte school for instance. So you would say the audience forgives you because you came from a Comedia dell'arte school. But if we mix the specificity of age with the specificity of the background, we start getting a bit more vague, for example. Being emerging can also mean being an old artist who had never had a solo show. Or an old artist that has been working for many years. But in theatres and festivals that you never heard of. So this can also be emerging. Or maybe even like a very established artist, or a very established old artist from, and now here you can insert a place of your sympathy at your own choice. Let's say a very established old artist from Iran. But that you can't help seeing as some sort of novelty here in Europe. So being emerging is also quite contradictory somehow. Being emerging can also be about being a dead artist, why not? Because dead is quite specific. So let's imagine a dead artist coming from a geography that is really not very sexy, or maybe just too white, or just somewhere that you usually tend to forget. Let's say from Ireland. Sorry if there's any Irish here. So a boring, pale, Irish artist just died and gained some sort of momentum. And thus became emerging because gaining momentum is quite specific. And gaining momentum, this idea of movement, it's the synonym of emerging. Right? But of course, even with the dead boring Irish artist some programmer will say, oh, I've known him for years, and my life is not really counted in years, it's counted in seasons. And so this brings me to my next point, which is not about age or background anymore, but about the season. And this movement of detecting an emerging artist, it's like paying attention to this season and no water. And that is again really specific. So it's this precise season. And by doing that, season after season, we become like crazy collectors, just going after the next new market, darling. And here we all are, gazing into the future, looking at our crystal ball, trying to figure out where is theater and dance production heading to. It's a bit like I foresee that the big thing for this season are artists that hate Timothy Morton, for instance. Because hating Timothy Morton now seems to be a big thing this season, because it's cutting edge. Because producing the emergence like programmers often do, it's also about putting together a list that represents what is cutting edge this season. And then somehow emerging art, it's not about the art anymore, and it's not about the age. And it's not about the background. It's indeed about the season. And it's not even about the artist anymore. It's about the institution. And it's not even about being emergent anymore, but it's about producing the emergence. And suddenly this idea of being emerging, it becomes like a synonym of being relevant. And if that is the case, then suddenly I desperately want to be emerging. Even if I'm around for long enough, because I need, we all need to be relevant. I need to be, I need to be co-produced. So even if I'm not considered emergent anymore, I suddenly act emergent. Because that's also a possibility. To act emergent. And then being emergent, it's not an adjective anymore, but it becomes my method of work. And then I start fulfilling criteria instead of creating art. And suddenly being emerging is exactly like being established. It's the same. Because people are aware of you. They're aware of your work. You have relationships. You have offers coming in. On a very practical level, this is actually your primary source of income. Or at least something you see as a job, not just something you do. And you see, there's a shift between this is what I want to be doing and this is what I am doing. And this landscape of emerging artists, that fabulous idea of movements and a newness, it results in a very stable landscape. And my two cents on this issue is that no matter how hard we look into our crystal ball, emerging art does not exactly predict the future of theater or dance or anything. But it rather proves the transitory character of the present and thus opens way for the new. And to think about this idea of the transitory character of the present, it's really to acknowledge that there are very well established and stable power systems that are also known as our theaters and our testings. And they were the result of struggles, of political, of demographic changes. But they are now somewhat representing very preponderant modes of expression. And something that was previously very disrupted, disruptive, sorry, and very alienating, just gave a way to, in a way, to a lot of neoliberal nonsense. Free Lysin said a couple of years ago something at the Australian Theatre Forum that I would like to quote. She said, we have built theaters and art centers and we created festivals to produce and present artworks and to welcome audiences in the best possible conditions. But during the years, most of these structures and organizations have become rusted and sclerosized. They became dinosaurs, she said. So originally meant to support the artists. These institutions, they got organized very well, sometimes often too well. And they kind of lost this flexibility to respond to the specific needs of specific works. And the artists somehow now have to follow the policy, to follow the rules of the house, instead of the other way around. But she goes on, she says, we urgently, I'm highlighting this myself, we urgently have to reconsider the role of theaters and festivals as instruments to facilitate and valorize artists again. And we need more flexible structures, production houses that can work and deal, but for real, and now I'm highlighting it myself again, with emergence, she says. Because I have the feeling that if we don't listen to her, this list that I'm saying now, it's what we're hosting here, inside walls, exactly like this. We are hosting the linearity of time. It's pretty much past, present, and future. While what is emerging actually outside are multiple realities and multiple contexts living in the same planet and at the same time, and also with multiple definitions of time. We have an endless love for a very simplistic narrative arch with a finality, when a complexity of reasons are actually impelling and compelling to other types of creativity. We have power systems that are organized in a very oligarchic way, while other realities are emancipating and they're trying to find a space for their own expressions. We have a very stabilized discourse that in a very condescending way is trying to embrace difference when difference doesn't really need any sort of charity or being patronized by normality or mainstream. We are promoting the idea of a globalized and uniformed artistic discourse based on mobility. This is something very important when actually some works are only possible in certain contexts within certain languages and etc. The idea of tastes as a matter of aesthetics rather than ethics that should be operating a redefinition of values. I would ask how many trans people are among us or actually working in places like this. We have the sheer inability to deal with anachronism. We have tons of issues with terminology regarding subsidies because much of which implies that the artists are somehow lucky to be receiving the generous support of paternalistic venues and institutes. We have the artistic place as a sacred place with authorship, with copyright control, while we are living actually in a hyper modernist era where the objects that are consumed are usually about the person itself. And finally, we have the idea that being inclusive is having genderless toilets and wheelchair seats when inclusive also means allocating space for drug addicts and sex addicts and non-humans and safe space for neurodiversity etc. And the ones among you, I'm certain there are many, that think that nothing of this applies to the theater or the festival or the company direct. I truly congratulate you, but I tell you that we can still do better. We can always do better. And the thing is that if we're thinking about emergence, we just have to keep on thinking. Okay? What we do, the question is what do we do? What do we do on a regular basis in order that the emergence that has probably been around since the big bang becomes a phenomenon of its own singularity? And if you're not doing anything, if you're not doing anything of this, if you're if you're one of those theaters that thinks that they can't afford the risk, if you're one of those theaters that thinks that emerging, emerging art is bound to be less accomplished or less valuable, I have to deliver some sort of bad news for you, because the paradigm really has shifted for good. Because emerging artists, they are now truly emerging. Finally, they're truly emerging. And it's not just for the pleasure or concern of cultural institutions, because we live in an era of fluidity and proliferation, and they actually emerge despite the existence of theaters and cultural institutions. We are watching the emergence of a proliferation of problematics. We're watching different politics of identification that are emerging. There's truly equalitarian contexts that are emerging. Value is being attributed to things that didn't exist before. Solidarity is emerging. Non-entropocentric values are emerging. So I myself, I would do that. And I hope that you would do it too and take free license advice, which is also probably a threat, and open up. She says, don't put yourself in the position of someone who wants to please everybody. The audience, the subscribers, the sponsors, the press, the colleagues, this is a big mistake. Take the risk, I would add, because it's your only option after all. And you won't even be making a huge favor to yourself or to your community, because let's face it, this openness, it's how the world, the whole world is functioning nowadays, while, for instance, experiencing the internet. And that's really our industrial revolution. And theaters, I think they need to be exactly like YouTube, you know, they're wild, safe spaces. But of course, in our very small and Lily put in scale. But to turn a theater into a safe space cannot be just a slogan. We cannot do emergency washing. Because when you when you do it, it's actually quite visible. And it's it's very ugly. And, and you avoid all the ongoing accusations of exploitation and tokenization that many institutions are now facing with regard to artists that independently of being emerging or not, they are less savvy and they're much more vulnerable. So for me, welcoming the emerging is really about letting go. It's not even about welcoming. It's not even about hosting. It's about losing. It's about losing privilege. It's about sharing conditions. It's about destroying invisible dictatorships. If you own a garden, for instance, there are things that you plant. And there are things that you carefully pick according to your tastes, and that you trim if they get a bit out of hand. But owning this sort of garden is also about opening breaches to some unknown forms of art that are not yet in your guest list. And that is really real risk. And theaters are now working under a two complicated nets. They, they don't seem to make an effort to include diversity and emergency. And usually the only emergency that is usually taken good care of it's the emergency exit. I am part of a federation of artists that is called Teatro Praga. We have been a company for more than 20 years. So it's kind of the sort of stage that a lot of companies just fade into nothing. And I think that what, what has, what has enabled us to continue, it's a mixture of having, of course, lots of ideas and the support of our partners. But it's true that after 20 years, many theaters are still doubtful on how to deal with us. They still see us as a threat to their calm and comfortably predictable work environment.  And that means that we've been successfully riding this sort of emergency emerging wave for years. And with not many complaints, because there are still opportunities, you know, it's like, it's a nice, sorry, my phone is ringing. It's a, it's a nice comfy title. And because we fear that the day we're no longer considered emerging, we will be left out like very suddenly. And recently in an interview to a Portuguese newspaper, I said the only thing that people cannot call me anymore is an emerging director. I was perhaps very tired on that day, I don't know. But it was actually used as the headline for, for, for the interview. And I wasn't specifically thinking about myself. I wasn't talking about myself. But about the fact that if I am labeled an emerging director, and I'm 42, so I'm, I'm, I don't consider myself either young or coming for an unknown background anymore. So if I'm still being labeled as an emerging director, there will be very little space or attention for other people. And Portugal is so small that we always have to be quite alert that everyone is getting a bit of a share of what is available.  So it didn't work. So perhaps, and because it clearly didn't work, it's time to kind of reclaim the term, you know, like to reclaim it for ourselves. It's maybe now devoid of any sort of content. So we need to, to grab it. So it's a good proverb. So because more companies are, and artists are using the term emerging for longer periods of time. And, and actually they make a bit what it is. It's a vague concept about specificity. And also a claim for experimentation. So a few years, because I'm already talking for too long, Praga, which is my collective, we decided to open a space that we felt Lisbon needed. And of course, with the help again of many partners and a lot of support from a lot of institutions, from political institutions to toilet seat makers. Teatro Praga, we decided to create this space because our scope of activity has always surpassed the borders of theater. We, we never pictured ourselves as mere creators of performances, but above all, as a constellation of people who are looking at the world and inventing things. So the space is called Rouda J'Gaivotte Saïs, which is actually the address of the space because we couldn't come up with a better name. And follows a project that has started 20 years ago, and that has dodged definitions through continuous changing, changes, sorry. And today we are at that space, but the space is not us. The space is not Teatro Praga. It's a building that we establish as a space for performances and residences and readings. It's also a former school, but that is now open to the neighborhood and to the city. So this space, Rouda J'Gaivotte Saïs, it's a very small space where we hope that artists can sort of devise freedom and spend time looking at themselves and that the world without feeling subjected to this idea of normalization or being emergent or not. And it's a space where we try to show what is considered emerging and also what is considered established work alongside each other without openly distinguishing between them. And I have a small video that we did just to show you the space for the ones that don't know it. Don't know it. I don't know if you can put the video on. Please don't listen to the music because it's very fashion TV sort of style. So try to extract yourselves from the sounds and just look at the space. We already forgot that there was music in this video. So I didn't use this video so that you think this is the perfect example of everything that I just said. On the contrary, it's not. It has many fails. But it's most of all tentativeness.  The space has many flaws.  We struggle every day. And we also don't feel that we are doing any sort of charitable work. But we do feel that we're somehow giving something back, giving space or maybe rather losing space. In the same that many other artists did with us. We also think it's it's it's it's a pretty space because the divisions are pretty multipurpose. The construction is pretty collaborative. The organization is pretty horizontal. The identity is pretty fluid. The performances are pretty emerging. And even though everything looks pretty, it's also pretty hard to manage. And again, it's this sort of tentativeness. And we're the thing is that we're always rethinking this structure. And rethinking structures, I think it's actually the key on this keynote. It's about rethinking or go on thinking should not only be about peripheral gestures like like this, it shouldn't be about small venues in Lisbon or elsewhere.  And if we do that, if we do that, if we think about it, we don't have to worry too much about emergence, because we will be emergent. We will all be emergent. If we start thinking and stop sanitizing, we will be emergent. If we guarantee that this movement, this beautiful movement about newness doesn't stop. Thank you so much for your time and your attention. I'm not sure if we have time, but if you have questions, I'm more than willing to answer you or just to go on in some sort of dialogue if you're interested in that. Or we can just go and have lunch. Thank you.


Hello and welcome to the video lecture on automation and CADCAM software. Learning outcomes. At the end of this session, students will be able to apply CAD fundamentals as well as advanced manufacturing technology to industry problems. Learning topics will be discussed in this particular video lecture. Recap of third session which was about software configuration for CAD system, then automation and CADCAM software. Software configuration for CAD system. In working with graphic system, there are various activities are involved which are combined rather than sequentially the user constructs physical model and inputs it to the memory by developing in the form of a drawing or images which will be saved to the system. The interactive computer graphics mainly consist of graphic software and it will be divided into three modules which are as follows. Graphics package, application program, application database, application program. The application program is central module of ICG graphics software. It controls the software into and retrieves data out of application database. The application program drives by graphics package. The application program will help to develop a physical model out of the image to the user and which will be displayed on the screen. Application program are developed for specific programs. The problem may consist of applications of architecture, construction, chemical engineering, mechanical components, electrical components, automobile and aerospace etc. Graphics package. It is a support between the user and the graphic terminal. It provides graphical interaction between user and system. It also works as an intermediate between graphic software and user. It consists of input subroutines and output subroutines. Input subroutines, it accepts input commands from the user and submits it to the application program. Output subroutine. It controls the display terminal. That means it converts physical model or application model into 2D or 3D computer pictures. Application database. This database contains mathematical, logical, numerical definitions of models such as electronic circuits, mechanical components, automobile bodies. It also consists of alphanumeric information associated with model such as bill of material, mass properties etc. The contents of the database can be readily displayed on the CRT or plotted out in a hard copy format. Now let us discuss about how is the automation ensured in different types of production. So in this graph we can see totally 4 types of production. We will be discussing in detail how is the variety, how is the variety changing and what is the production quantity there. So let us discuss about continuous flow production. It basically means manufacturing, producing or processing materials without interruption. Example it may be a chemical plant, oil refineries. So how is the automation achieved? Use of sensor technology to measure important process variables. Use of sophisticated control and optimized strategies. Fully computer automated lines. Mass production. Production in large amounts of a particular one product. Material engine blocks. Automation achievement. Automated transfer machines. Dial indexing machines. Fully automated assembly lines. Industrial robots for smart welding, parts loading, spray painting etc. Automated material handling system. Large production. Production of medium lot sizes of some product and then shifting to next product. Here the process is repeated frequently. Example book or it may be a clothing. Automation achievement. Use of numerical control, direct numerical control and computer numerical control machines. Use of NC machines, DNC and CNC machines. Adoptive control machine. Robots for spot welding, part handling etc. Computer integrated manufacturing systems. Workshop production. Production of low quantities specialized product. The products are often customized and technologically complex. Example satellite prototypes. Automation achievement. Use of numerical control, computer numerical control and direct numerical control machine. Use of robots for spot welding, spray painting etc. Adoptive control manufacturing system. Now pause this video for a few seconds and try to write answer to the following question. State true or false? Satellite is an example of job shop production.


All right welcome everyone welcome to options with Doug streaming live daily on Bookmap discord and on the book map YouTube channel at 1 30 p.m. Eastern time Before I go any further. Let me go through the disclosures General disclosure all book map limited materials information and presentations are for educational purposes only and Should not be considered specific investment advice nor recommendations risk disclosure Trading futures equities and options involves substantial risk of loss and is not suitable for all investors past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results and as a reminder Options with Doug is very focused and bookmap Discord, this is a very focused channel and the focus is options order flow The impact of options markets on stocks and futures and the influence of market maker hedging flow on price action I have a two-step process for trading and the first is planning And I use positional analysis other traders Most likely use technical analysis or maybe even fundamental fundamental analysis I use positional analysis and that is looking at how traders and market makers are positioned in the options market and Then how those positions shift from day to day and that helps me to develop a thesis for the day Regarding volatility that the expected trading range as well as a directional bias That's the first step and that happens before the market opens and then after the market opens the execution I I look at real-time order flow and book map and Market maker hedging flow and spot gamma hero on topic questions and comments are welcome and both Bookmap discord and in YouTube. I tend to watch book map discord more and For those of you who on YouTube Who are not book map? Discord members. I encourage you to join. I I post things I post setups in my watch list and the book map discord chat room every day So again on topic questions and comments are welcome. All right now let's Talk about the news just a little bit So I think today is probably the calm before the storm and as everybody should be aware There is quite a bit of very important economic economic data coming out later this week the first is the CPI report tomorrow and That's at 8 30 a.m. 8 30 a.m. Eastern time and the next big event is the FOMC Announcement and press conference at 2 p.m. And 2 30 p.m. Eastern time on Wednesday And then I don't know how important this will be but retail sales Are reported on Thursday at 8 30 a.m. And then finally on Friday that is the Monthly and quarterly December options expiration and that should be a that is Typically the biggest expiration of the year so that is you know that a lot of important data and then the Important options expiration coming up on Friday So last week I talked about shifting my My agenda for this Webinar a little bit last week and shifting more towards stocks and I thought about that more this week and I'm going to Really focus on setups what were the key setups this morning? So somewhat of a review and then also talk about potential setups for the afternoon session now before that I do want to take a quick look at the the overall market just to get a kind of a framework of where the broad market stands and This is something that and so this is our positional analysis And this is something that I do every day and I normally just write this in a trading journal I write these this information down and a notebook every day so I can flip back To see what these levels were at any day this year and my trading journal and Today I've shown these levels in a spreadsheet. So what I'm talking about is the key Key gamma levels and are there key metrics that are shown in the spot gamma am founders note And again, this is what I'm writing down in my notebook every day And just as to illustrate what I'm doing and just as an example. I wrote it down in this spreadsheet every day Today, I'm not going to do this every day I just want to show an example of what I'm looking at and this gives me a quick overview of the key gamma levels in SPX spy NDX and QQQ and How those levels are shifting and then also other key metrics? especially gamma notional and Then finally support and resistance levels So I'm past weeks. I've gone over This data in a lot of detail and I I think everybody Who has been watching me should understand where this information comes from and and How important it is so just a couple things to point out here and again, I'm not going to do this every day I will I'll talk about this, but I'm not going to provide this This spreadsheet every day. This is important Information from spot gamma So the things to note here and the red numbers indicate that this whatever I'm showing in the spreadsheet Decreased from the previous day and green numbers increased So first of all for SPX the volatility trigger and the put wall Both drop from the previous day and This this is the call wall and for spy it increased from the previous day and the key gamma strike for QQQ decreased so the Vol the volatility trigger is spot gammas gamma flip level and this When price is trading below the volatility trigger, that's an indication that Traders are long puts market makers are short puts and they have to sell futures or the underlying to hedge their delta exposure and the put wall is the level with the largest net Negative gamma position and it often acts as support the call wall is just the opposite It's the level with the heart highest net positive gamma and can often act as a resistance and then the key gamma strike is the level with the highest absolute gamma and I think the the most important thing here to take note of is the drop in gamma notional and this Is showing that the SPX spy and QQQ Are all in a the negative part of the gamma curve So again, that means that market makers are Short puts and they need to hedge in the direction of price action to hedge their delta exposure Okay One thing that I want to take a look at is Let's go to SPX here, so this is Think or swim showing an options chain for SPX and remember that SPX has options that expire every day and The thing that I want to point out is the Expected move or implied volatility Up to the December expiration and that's over here on the right and This is an indication of you know strong indication that important data is coming out and The implied volatility is much higher on those days So this is today. This is the zero DTE options this 25.75 percent and then notice tomorrow the Volatility is up over 50 percent and then this is for Wednesday Thursday and then Friday let's see let me open up Just to make sure I've got the right dates there. Yeah, so the And notice on Friday. They're actually two expirations for SPX. There's the a.m. Settlement and the p.m. Settlement So this option structure is Backwardation this means that the the Front expiration Implied volatility is higher than the implied volatility further out in time and that is not not normal You know it is normal expect given the data that's coming up, but Or you know that's going to be reported this week, but normally implied volatility increases further out in time because there's more Uncertainty as as time increases So something to keep in mind is that puts for this week or are very expensive and Unless this data comes out Or powell comes out the data comes out much worse than expected CPI is much higher or powell comes out more hawkish than expected and Let's say increases The Fed funds rate by 75 basis points instead of 50 then you know If that doesn't happen then implied volatility could drop quickly and that could Could help support a rally so just something to keep in mind the The height you know the very heightened implied volatility for this week Okay, so that is my positional analysis. That's what I You know, that's what I look at every day and now let's let's shift gears and take a look at some setups so And this is this is going to be review so the first thing that I want to do is take a look at a setup from last Friday and This is just to This is really for educational purposes only to show how the The information that I look at can be used to develop a thesis and then Execute a trade plan so plan and execute a trade and this is a Great example from from last Friday So this again, this is from last Friday and this is what I was looking at and I've talked about this This is a spreadsheet that I do Keep every day and I I post it every day or I talk about it in my webinar So I have a watch list of stocks and these are mostly mostly large cap Tech stocks with a few smaller cap higher beta stocks thrown in as well as the QQQ and spy So I mark the So I have two columns here the current gamma strike and the previous key gamma strike and I mark The I colored code the levels Red indicates that that key gamma stripe Dropped from the previous day and green indicates that it increased So here's an example and here's the one that I'm going to talk about is Nvidia So this is just a starting point and this is done Before the market opens. This is part of my Planning and preparation so I notice that there are several stocks here that Showed an increase in the current key gamma strike and that is typically a bullish signal So that is the the first clue here then the next So the next thing That that I think about so I I recognize that Nvidia The key gamma strike rose so I think about the day before so this is from Thursday and There was a great setup and Nvidia on Thursday this divergence is the orange line shows that Traders were buying calls from the open Price dropped a bit and then started going up as traders continued to to buy calls and This is a very powerful force that can drive stocks much higher, so The way this works is when traders buy calls Market makers sell the calls and they have to Buy stock to hedge their delta exposure so I recall this from Thursday that traders were buying calls and Nvidia rallied and this is again. This is from Thursday showing the rally and Nvidia and The important thing to note here Let me just bump this up a little bit is the reversal at the 160 key gamma strike that shown here So that's another clue For this for this setup on Thursday and the target is the 170 call wall Which will become the key gamma strike on Friday so I've I've seen that the key gamma strike for Nvidia rose to 170 and The I remember the previous day the rally in Nvidia as traders were buying calls so so far everything is looking good for a A bullish setup, so I decide to investigate further and this is from Friday 1209 and this is the equity hub five-day history and it's showing the these five key daily levels and I look at all these when I'm Investigating or you know trying to develop a thesis so what I notice is So here's the key gamma strike and that's what I'm looking at at my spreadsheet and The next thing is the hedge wall Increased and also the call wall and And Just as a note Yeah, Bert. That's that's kind of unusual the And that we can look at spot gamma for ES and spy in and just a moment and see or later on we'll see how How traders are positioning? So the hedge wall is a it's a proprietary spot gamma level where the largest change in gamma is detected and this indicates where options dealers risk exposure changes and remember I've talked about this before the the spot gamma model assumption is different for stocks than it is for for indices so for stocks spot gamma always assumes that traders are long puts and long calls and market makers are Short puts and short calls So the hedge wall is similar to the volat volatility trigger, but there is no gamma flip level Spot gamma is assuming that for stocks that market makers position is always negative gamma All right, so this is the the next piece of the puzzle and my You know in this case building building a bullish thesis so the next thing There are Several charts in the Spot gamma equity hub and I'm going to go through three of them So this is the composite view and this px shows the current price level This would be from the day before at the close and What this indicates the the orange just red color indicates that Puts are dominating at this current price level and also the This chart is showing the rate of change of gamma and assume that Volatility is the highest at the At the highest rate of gamma change so this is essentially showing volatility so at this current level this is showing the The highest level of volatility in this you know the the chart in the entire chart the range from 130 to 210 and then this is the put call impact chart and It's showing similar and information to the composite view chart It's showing that there is a high rate of change of gamma between around 150 to 200 and Above this level and I that was shown as 180 on this chart so put dominated in the red area call dominated in the green area and This is showing that that same shift right here at about 180 So slight put dominance Below that level and call dominance above Now this is something new that I haven't talked about before and I think it provides some interesting information and it's a little bit difficult to interpret and The information that I saw on the Support center for spot gamma for this chart kind of differs a little bit from from what Brent talked about at boot camp The past not this past weekend, but the weekend before so here's what here's how I interpret this and this is showing Implied volatility on the left scale here on the on this left axis the vertical axis and it's showing skew on The right so what this is showing this d50 means Delta of 50 so that's the at the money at the money options this line right here and Then this is showing the the options skew for options below Delta 50 and that is Spot gamma is using Skew or implied volatility for calls To the right of this line and puts below So let me just show you I'm gonna go to let's go to equity hub here for Let's go to spy and go to skew So this shows A typical skew for the indices as spx spy puts are always valued higher than than calls in the S&P 500 spx and spy and that that has been the case ever since the 1987 Market crash is there is higher this shows demand for puts and Again for the S&P 500 the there's always a higher demand so a higher implied volatility for puts and calls So that is That is typical for the again for the indices S&P 500 Let's go back So this is for Nvidia here and this is showing Now my understanding is the solid lines indicate the skew for options around with around 30 days to Exploration and then the dashed lines are the next expiration So in the case of Nvidia that would be for So this is information from the close on Thursday for Friday and Then so the green line here is showing the current information and the blue dashed line is showing the information for the previous day so Bottom line what this is showing is in the short term. There's demand for calls So implied volatility increases and that is indicating a heightened demand for calls so that's another indication That you know there for a bullish thesis in Nvidia And hold on just a second. Let me check and see if they're and Anthony and you do a YouTube Anthony ask is there a way we can access this data and yes, you have to subscribe to Subscribe to spot gamma And that all this information is available and I'm just showing how to use this information as well as what I see in book map to Plan and execute a trade. So here I'm I'm building my thesis. This is what I'm doing in my planning step and So again just to summarize I did a You know one of the first things I do in the morning is go through my Watchlist and equity hub and I note the changes in the key gamma strike and I marked that in this in the spreadsheet that I showed and Given all that I know about in video What it did the prior day what I see here today it it makes me interested in Doing further investigation. So this was the first step go to this Five-day history in equity hub and I see the rising key gamma strike hedge wall and call wall I noticed that the volatility is highest at the current level and There's slight put domination Below the 180 level call domination above and there's higher demand for calls or heightened demand for calls that Is normally does not occur in in spy and SPX and has been somewhat Lacking this year or unusual All right, so that is the that is the planning and preparation and my thesis for the day for NVIDIA is first of all for higher volatility Because of that composite view chart and then for a Bullish directional bias, you know based on the rising Key gamma levels and also the the call demand shown with that skew chart So now the next step is After the open and I sort my Spot gamma hero watch list Typically either by the strongest or the weakest hero signal Kind of based on my outlook and and what I what I see in this list in the first few minutes so I and this hero signal this is what I'm What I'm looking at shows that The hero signal shown by this dot here is the highest There it has been in the last 30 days and that's shown by the the kind of the light Light gray Sliding scale here and then this colored area would be in the last five days So this is a very strong signal highest that it's been in the last 30 days and higher that it has been in the last five days And also NVIDIA is at the top of the list So that is another indication that I want to so again. This is after the open so now I'm in the execution step and I see NVIDIA at the top of the list and Then next this is NVIDIA for Friday And I see that traders are Continuing to buy calls just like they were the day before And that's shown by the rising orange line so at that point and now I did take this this is around noon, so You know, I would certainly Have been looking more For a long entry much earlier in the day somewhere You know, there are a couple of good entries You know looks like the best is around 950 here unless you like to trade the open so now Let's go to book map and there's the There's the entry just after the open and Then that next long entry long set up Around 950 or so and there are a couple more Entry points here And then the target is the 175 call wall here and all the high liquidity there so that's a very very clear target and this was a little bit choppier than Thursday, but still a nice bullish setup and confirmed by the rising CVD and Let's see if I have any other So this is this is hero for the entire day So it looked like that That rise up to 175 around noon was kind of the peak of the day and then it looks like Traders started to take profits from the last couple days and this is Again for Friday spot gamma hero for the entire day and that that's confirmed with this book map chart for the entire day So the point of this is showing an entire process for planning and execution showing how in this case everything just aligned so well and It's not always this easy this obvious, but this was a Great setup on Friday. So I wanted to talk about that in more detail All right, so let's look at today now and I want to talk about a couple of setups in Netflix and Tesla and those were the best setups that I saw today And let's take a look now at So this is this is the equity hub or spot gamma equity hub and this is what I look at every day and this is where the That key gamma strike comes from so this really This just takes a couple of minutes in the morning to open up my spreadsheet and then take a look at this and write the numbers down shift the column over write the numbers down and So this is what I'm looking at. So again the best setups that I saw today were Netflix and Tesla so let's look at Netflix first All right, this is for today And here and there was better alignment with What I saw here in Netflix than Tesla But both were good setups. So first of all in Netflix. I see the key gamma stripe dropped from 310 to 300 Okay so I'm interested in in Netflix and video qqq for shorts and Actually would first consider a long in Tesla and it Tesla did not work out that way right Next step. So I'm interested in Netflix and I'm kind of illustrating You know again the best setup that I saw this morning So Netflix let's go back to equity hub take a look at Netflix and do further investigation And I see that the key gamma strike dropped From 310 to 300 and the call wall actually increased Next step I look at this composite view chart and not not a lot here. I see that Netflix is still Put dominated below 340 put call impact chart the same thing Skiu this provides a little bit more information showing there's not really any demand for calls and demand for calls is what can What can really drive a price higher? So the both the 30-day and the short term Lines are not showing any any demand for calls All right, so now let's go to the Spot gamma hero watch list for today and this is This is what I posted this morning and and sorry for the mistake For those of you not in bookmap discord I actually posted the wrong screenshot, but this is what I I corrected that and posted so This is show this was taken about 9 50 a.m. So showing all of these Stocks, yeah, I guess really down to Microsoft here with weak hero signals Tesla at the top of the list So that is definitely a A check in the bullish or the bearish List all right, so Netflix the one we're talking about is also has a very weak hero signal So that is the the next step in the process after the market opens and So the next step after that is to take a look at Take a look at hero and then we'll take a look at bookmap. All right, so there's Netflix there's the total signal and We can see that traders are definitely taking negative delta positions and they're buying puts and that is similar to When traders By calls Market makers have to buy stock to hedge their delta exposure and when traders buy puts market makers have to sell Stock to hedge their delta exposure and you can see that they were We can zoom in a bit and they were buying puts from the open and Then finally we can go to bookmap Look at Netflix So the first thing to notice here is the Is the 310 put wall and see the liquidity there So that is a that's your target And it looks like Once Netflix Reach that target. It's just really been chopping around that that area ever since and you can see the You know it seems at least for now that traders have found Fair value there Oh, it was between 309 and 311 But there were a lot of nice pullback entries up to that Up to that point and we can we can zoom in on this a little bit So there was the setup Netflix quickly makes a series of lower highs Then breaks below that 320 level and then drops pretty quickly after that and then there There were quite a few pullback entries on the way down to the 310 put wall Okay, let me check for questions in YouTube here no questions and any questions in Bookmap discord, I don't see any so this was a great setup this morning Not as clean and clear as the Nvidia setup that I went over But what I thought were the one of the two best setups this morning, all right next let's go over Tesla So let's go back to well first of all the the watch list and Again ranked my weakest signal the strongest signal and here I see that Tesla is at the top of the list the weakest signal and Tesla's definitely been weak For quite a while. So weakest signal the last 30 days and weaker than it has been the last five days so actually I should have started with Should have started with This let's get rid of that go back to total signal go back. So here I Was not not really looking for a Bearish setup and Nvidia so this is the starting point here. I'm looking at this and let's look at the Go to equity hub now Look at Tesla So this is showing That an increase in the key gamma strike an increase in the hedge wall And increase in the call wall so so far my thesis is bullish So now let's look at Some of these charts in equity hub put dominated pretty much throughout the the price range Confirmed by this chart and skew this chart shows that there was demand for calls by this Upward curve at Below delta 50 so increased implied volatility for calls But now that is the that was the prior day and then this is the the latest information showing that demand Was for calls last Last Friday, but there's no no current demand for calls so so far a bullish thesis in and Tesla and Now now let's go to the watch list and see that Tesla is the top of this You know the top of this chart ranked by weakest to strongest signal So there's a check against the The bullish thesis And now let's take a look at the hero signal for Tesla and it's definitely Definitely negative Delta traders are Buying puts and selling calls, but it looks like primarily put buyers are driving price action here All right, let's go take a look at book map now And again, we have a very clear target below I'm going to zoom in and notice that price is falling before the open very clear target at the 170 put wall and both hedging flow and Order flows showing here in book map do not confirm the bullish thesis So I would be you know seeing this price below VWAP falling falling CVD. Yeah, I definitely looking for Barrage entries here and there's the the clear target at the 170 put wall and also noticed The high liquidity at that level So just looking at order flow You know, this is this is pretty clear that price is making a series of lower highs and lower lows And there's a you know, very clear target at the 170 Put wall and Also the high liquidity at that level Okay So those were the two best setups that I saw this morning in the the stocks that I follow So let's take a look now at the current market was first of all, does anybody Have a stock that they want me to take a look at okay, there's a question about in In YouTube about China stocks and I typically do not Do not trade China stocks You know, it's just me there You know just something I don't trade so We can take a quick look let's go Here to I'm gonna turn on So instead of looking just at my watch list I'm going to take a look at all the stocks available and spot gamma hero and that is 190 stocks And I'm going to take a look and just rank this from Strongest signal first and I don't see any China Chinese stocks here in this list And here Tesla is the top of the list for the whole entire Hero watch list Okay, and Mike I I talked about Nvidia and Tesla and this is recorded so you can can you can watch later and We'll take a look actually I talked about Tesla. I talked about Nvidia a Previous setup and it looks like even though this is a weak signal that traders are Taking positive Delta positions and they're selling puts and buying calls So that's Nvidia question about DocuSign, I don't have that open in and book map and I only have a few minutes late So I don't have time to take a look at that but we can take a look at it in And spot gamma hero and it looks like Definitely bullish today strong confirmation with spot gamma hero and Price action And it's called so this is a very powerful powerful signal traders are buying calls and In docuSign and again when this happens market makers have to They sell the calls they have to buy stock to hedge their delta exposure and we'll go down the list here PDD I'm not familiar with that and it's not in the list of Of spot gamma stocks hero stocks Here's XLF and it looks like traders were taking Positive Delta positions up until around 12 when when XLF reached this level or Just under 35 and then there were a couple of large or large block trades coming in both Buying puts and selling calls and then that has leveled off since then. Okay, let's look at ES I'm gonna go back to my watch list and look at ES and Here traders are buying puts So let's let's take a look at VIX and that makes sense VIX is rising traders are buying puts So VIX is up pretty substantially today and let's take a look at book map now Okay, so ES has risen from the the support level at the volatility trigger Right there found support at the that would be the SPX 3960 and that was one of the support levels that I showed in that spreadsheet this morning So early early in the morning just after the open that level acted as support and then ES has trended higher ever since then and this is the 396 this is the spy 396 volatility trigger that has been acting as resistance and also the SPX zero gamma level Right around here, so there's ES. Let's just clear this and here's the This is one of the better setups that I saw this afternoon and Tesla and Tesla just continued to to trend down and broke this upward trend line after the absorption here at the 170 put wall that high liquidity level and then That liquidity was finally consumed and price continued on down So here is the setup right here just after 1 p.m. Eastern time The break of the trend line you can see all the all the pink dots coming in there and The continuation of the downtrend So there's the best setup that I saw this afternoon So, you know, it's a thesis is one thing But you know like I've shown here in Tesla it always it doesn't always work out, you know, that's why you have to watch price action and confirm that with Market-maker hedging flow and in hero after the open and that you know the keys here were the Tesla was at the top of the list of the weakest with the weakest hero signal in my watch list and Traders were we're buying puts and selling calls and the you know the nice Price target with all that liquidity at the 170 level below Any any final questions my time is about up I hope you found this helpful You ought to appreciate any feedback again, this is kind of the format that I plan on going forward is Trying to cover the best best setups that I see and Hopefully maybe in the In the future having more time for for current setups, but there were Three good setups that I wanted to go over the first was Nvidia from last Friday and then Netflix and Tesla from this morning so thank you very much for attending and Thanks for your questions and comments and I will see you tomorrow. Thanks again. Bye