We have to come out with a defensive mindset with physicality, but we also got to pay attention to the game player. But, you know, it's the NBA got score points, but for us, we got to have a better start to games. How do you think Nick did during the 3-1 fight? I thought he did great. I think I've always said, you know, Nick's going to be a great player. He wants to learn, which is great, and, you know, he's not afraid when he's out there, so that's cool to see. It's the first time you've seen this backcourt with Rubio and Booker. What kind of problems does it present for you guys? You know, Ricky's a great facilitator. He made a couple of his first shots early on. You know, Devin is dead. He scored a basketball pretty much all three levels of the court, so when he's aggressive, they're a great team. To be successful, what mentality does the group need to have as a team in opening quarters? Like I said, defensive mindset. We've got to come out and establish our physicality and our will and defensive end. Like I said, we've got to play attention to the game plan. But, you know, teams are going to score, but we just have to limit the easy baskets and, you know, mental error baskets that we have. When they got some of those easy baskets early on in the game, did that kind of shake you guys out of what you were trying to do?  That's just the way the league goes at times. You know, you could play great defense and teams are going to hit tough shots. The defense may break down at the end, but we've got to be able to sustain that for 24 seconds and then get a rebound at the end. But, you know, we did it in spurts, but the great teams do it throughout. We've got a 20-point lead to two, and then it went back to 18 at halftime. How demoralizing is that?  But like I said before, they came out and jumped on us. So if you're playing catch up the entire time, it's kind of tough. But, you know, I was proud of them. We responded. We didn't. I don't think we gave up. We kept fighting. But, you know, they're a good team. They made a lot of tough shots tonight. I know the defense is won, but with another talented team coming up Tuesday in Utah, what's one thing or two that you feel like the team needs to pick up or clean up heading into that one? We just have to have great starts. We've got to come out.  There's going to be games where, you know, the bench guys are going to play great, where the starters are going to play great, but we all feed off of each other and we all need each other to make this thing go. Last thing for me, how big of a challenge is defensive communication when you're on the road? It's tough.  But like I said, we're professionals. We've got to be able to block that out and talk. And it's not just one guy talking. It's not just the bigs talking. It's all five. We've got to be connected and, you know, just communicate.


Hi guys, welcome back to this channel And if it's your first time to come across this channel, consider subscribing By the way, don't forget to click that bell icon It will be the first to know when I upload a new video Thank you so much for the returning subscribers And thank you so much for supporting and subscribing to this channel For the new subscriber, please support this channel by subscribing Say, on the way you'll be updated when we upload a new video Support us grow We know we are looking at road to 2000 subscribers In today's video, we are going to look at the latest information As regard the Minister of Foreign Affairs in Qatar And the ATRAS application system Remember, when the start of the pandemic, the COVID-19 pandemic There was an introduction of the app that is to track the vaccinated And the flow or the spread of the COVID-19 among the population of the community in Qatar Remember, every single moment of the new app upgrades have been coming on the ATRAS From the state of vaccination From the confirmed case The change of the red coin chain For the unvaccinated Updip from the first dose until to the booster dose Which is quite very interesting views And actually it has been of help in any way So every single moment of the day, there are new upgrades that keep on coming New upgrades that keep on coming on the ATRAS application Why it has to continue details Remember, if your phone number is linked to the same account It will continue details And there is no need to hassle You will have your details to have in one or the other The latest upgrade right now by the Minister of Foreign Affairs A new future A green recovered symbol has been added on the ATRAS application system Especially for those people that might have recovered from the COVID-19 For the last six months They will still have that future on their mobile Remember, apparently right now They are administering what you call the booster dose to the population And for the last records, for the last information I had nearly over 101 million people in Qatar Have already received what you call the booster dose Which is exactly, which is mandatory to everyone Remember, before there was second vaccination We had the second vaccination the first dose Then the second dose vaccination But the second vaccination The second vaccination was only valid for nine months And what does it mean? If you received your second dose of vaccination in Qatar With the approved vaccination vaccine You count from the last day you received your second vaccine If it is already nine months That means your gold ring on your ATRAS Which has been appearing on your plate Is going to disappear And what does it mean? That means if it disappears You are considered unvaccinated But what is the way for it? You will have to go for a booster dose Such that your application will be updated again Remember, when the first vaccination was done The second vaccination For that was vaccinated with the two doses Got what you call a green ATRAS Or a green ATRAS means that you are not You are COVID free You are not COVID You are not infected with the coronavirus And when you got all the two doses There was a gold ring on your ATRAS Meaning it is showing you the vaccination status That gold ring on your vaccination Or ATRAS or new mobile application Was showing you what you call the vaccination status With the gold ring But remember With the booster dose coming in If you've already got the second dose More than nine months before Or past the nine months Then that means you will need to get a booster dose Remember All the details of the first dose The second dose, the third dose Are all reflected on what you call New ATRAS application On your mobile application system It is clearly indicated For those that have opened the app And what does it mean? A new feature has been introduced That is for the people who are fully recovered Or people who might have contracted the COVID-19 Before but fully recovered There is a new feature A green feature that has been added Why is it so? It is to enable these people Also enjoy the same privilege Like the vaccinated people Which kind of privileges we are talking about We are talking about the privilege Of the COVID restrictions And COVID travel restrictions That they should enjoy the same Spreadrage But remember For you to confirm For you to have that application On your mobile They fully recovered It's not by the virtue Of taking what you call the RTG test You need to go to what you call The approved medical Or approved hospital To test And they will submit your results For the minister of public health That will confirm That you are fully recovered From the COVID-19 Then you will have that future Just that 2% are directly Introduced on your mobile I'll just get to read through But remember For the gold ring It's only showing the vaccination status So I'll read through What the minister of public health say The minister of public health Announced an update On its RTAS application Featured in a small Special green recovered status icon Which will provide the same Reverage as vaccinated Remember The gold ring frame Is a confirmation of vaccination status Which will disappear If the person has received The second dose More than 9 months ago He has not received A booster dose yet A new RTAS update Is available Featured in prominent Recovered status icon And any videos infected With the COVID-19 For the last past month Will have the icon Displayed on the RTAS application If you've ever suffered If you've ever contracted the COVID-19 In the last 9 months And you recovered Fully recovered As per the minister of public health And the minister of the Approved medical center Approved medical hospital Meaning that That icon will be displayed On your mobile It will come Displayed back to your mobile As per the minister of public health Individuos Who received their second dose More than 9 months ago And have not had A booster dose Who lost what we call The gold frame on their RTAS app And what does it mean That you need to go for a booster dose Which is the third dose For you to have that gold ring Back on your RTAS application On your mobile app The gold frame is a confirmation Of the vaccination status Not recovered Remember these are two things That you need to understand That those people that have The gold ring You may have the gold ring Around you The green ethoras Meaning that you are vaccinated Right? You are vaccinated You got the two doses Of the vaccine And if you add on the booster dose The gold ring will stay around your RTAS But remember If you might have contracted The COVID-19 in the past 9 months Your recovered status Will also be displayed on the mobile app For recovered status An official test result At unapproved medical facility Is required to confirm The recovered status So You will not wake up to take an RTG Test You need to go to the Uproved hospitals to take The test that would enable The Minister of Public Health Rectify that you are fully recovered From the COVID-19 Remember This is all put in place Such that the recovered people Can also enjoy the same privilege Like the vaccinated people And those we are talking about The same privilege Like the COVID-19 restrictions And the COVID restrictions Hope I've tried to share Something for you So Try to share it Comment, put it right up If you like the video Thank you so much For coming back to this channel And thank you so much For subscribing to this channel Remember If you are new to this channel Support this channel by subscribing By the way Don't forget also To click the bell Notification bell You'll be updated When I upload a new video Thank you so much See you again in the next video As we try to see More of the interesting information And educative information Of this channel It's mixed From the next creation


Hey guys, welcome back to another week of What's For Dinner. My name is Andrea with Food and Mentory Adventures in Food.  So I am trying out a new recipe for dinner tonight. It is a Salisbury steak recipe. It's supposed to be a quick and simple recipe and I will make sure to leave the recipe in the description box, but in my bowl, I have one pound of lean ground beef and I just added in some beaten eggs and then I am adding in some dry Lipton onion soup mix and this is what the box looks like. So I'm adding that in and just gonna give it a stir. So I've got my meat mixed up and I've got a pan here that I've lined with foil just to make cleanup easier and you're supposed to form the patties into four equal pieces. So next, I am just going to pour two cans of golden mushroom soup over the patties. If you're not familiar with golden mushroom soup, it's like a cream of mushroom, but without the cream and they've added tomato paste and there's a little bit of wine in there, not enough to do anything, but there's a little bit of wine. So I'm just gonna spread that over and there's a big mushroom right there, if you can see it and the same thing with the second can, whoops. All right, so I've got my oven preheated to 350 degrees. It says to bake this for 35 minutes. I'm probably gonna leave it in there a little bit longer. Howard and I do like our meat well done and so of course I'll come back and show you what our plates look like. Okay, so here is the Salisbury steak and I did end up cooking it for 45 minutes and it is well done. I cut one open to see. I tasted it. It does have a good flavor. It is a little salty, which is what I was afraid of with the, that Lipton onion soup mix and the two cans of the soup. So, but it does have a good flavor. I will say, I don't know if you can see it, but there's like some little bit of white things right here floating in it and that is the fat from the meat. So I will say, if you don't wanna see that, I would suggest that you cook your meat first and get a lot of that fat out of there, drain it and then add the soup if you want a better presentation. And then with it, I'm serving some leftover broccoli that we had in the fridge and then I made some homemade mashed potatoes. I feel like I did record a video on these mashed potatoes. I'll try to find it, but it's just two pounds of potatoes that I boiled, chopped and boiled in salted water and then I drained them and then I just added one cup of warm, heavy whipping cream and a half a stick of butter and then I just whipped them up and that is it. And I'm sure you guys can hear Harrison in the background, he's in his high chair. So anyway, this is what we are having for dinner tonight and we'll see you guys next time. Hey guys, so for dinner tonight, we are having ribs, brisket and burnt ends from a barbecue restaurant and I made just some quick and easy cracked macaroni and cheese to go with it and also some canned green beans. Quick and easy meal tonight and we'll see you guys next time. Hey guys, so for dinner tonight, we are eating from our freezer. We are finishing up this box of bear battered cod filets and then also in my freezer, I had these hush puppies I've been working on for a while, made them both in my air fryer and here they are on the plate and then for a side, I decided to make these scallop potatoes that I picked up from Aldi a while back ago. I'm not a big scallop potato fan, but Howard is and these look pretty good. So here they are on the plate. Howard and I both tried them and we both just said they're okay. We would not repurchase them again. So when I opened up the package of the scallop potatoes, it has a powdered cheese package and then a liquid cheese package and I thought it smelled odd to me and unfortunately it smelled like it tasted. So I wasn't, I'm not a huge fan. I did have to end up baking it about 10 minutes longer than it stated. It said 25 minutes and then 30 minutes for a softer potato. I ended up baking it for 40 minutes. So just FYI in case you happen to have these but this is what we are having for dinner tonight and we'll see you guys next time. Hey guys, so I am trying out a new recipe tonight. It is called red rice and I will make sure to have a copy of the recipe available for you guys. So in my skillet I've got some smoked sausage and this was in my freezer. I just sliced it up and browned it, excuse me.  And I am using Tony sasseries. So I am going to let this come to a boil and then after it has come to a boil I'm going to add in my rice. So the mixture has come to a boil. I'm gonna add in my rice and give it a stir and then I am going to cover this and let it cook until most of the water has absorbed and then I'm gonna take the lid off the direction say and let the water just kind of cook out. Okay, so here is the red rice. I tasted it and it's pretty spicy. I like it, it's pretty good. And we are also having some cheesy garlic biscuits with it. So let me show you the recipe. It's an older recipe that I ripped out of a magazine a long time ago and I look for this recipe online. They don't have it. So here it is so you guys can screenshot it if you wanna try it. You'll notice that it says add three cups of chicken broth and I added two and a half cups of chicken broth because I knew that the tomatoes have a lot of water in them and I'm glad that I did. I think if I had added the whole three cups the rice would not have been firm and it is pretty firm here and that's how we like it. We don't like it mushy. And so Howard made these cheesy garlic biscuits. I had, excuse me, I picked this up from the Dollar Tree a while back ago and it makes four, one box. We decided to go ahead and make two and it made I think six biscuits for us. And then all you do is just add butter and cheese and milk to it. And this is how they turned out. We both tried it. We think it's, we thought it was pretty good. Howard thought it tasted a little bit bitter. I think it may have been the garlic, but they're okay. I mean, for a buck you can't beat it. So anyway, this is what we are having for dinner tonight and we'll see you guys next time. Hey guys, so for dinner tonight we are having Trader Joe's Mandarin Orange Chicken. This was out in my freezer and we are also having these egg rolls that Howard and I really aren't that crazy about. So we just had two left so I made those as well serving it over some Jasmine rice. And I really like this Mandarin Orange Chicken. It took me a while to buy it because I didn't think it was going to be sweet, but it's more savory than sweet. So if you're on the fence about it and you're like me and you don't really like sweet, you know, like meat definitely give this a try. It is really good, really quick and easy to make. So this is what we are having for dinner tonight and we'll see you guys next time.


Managers of highway construction programs face complex problems administering a wide range of activities. Construction management covers activities such as surveying, inspecting, quality control, documenting payments, and related field activities. As a result of the complexity of the work, there is a need for a comprehensive construction management system, which can be adopted for use by highway agencies. In this course, we will provide an overview of the construction management system, or CMS. We will identify the basic functions of construction management and present information on how to develop a construction management system. The major elements of the CMS are planning and staffing, budgeting, scheduling, monitoring, and system updating. This program will provide an overview of the entire CMS. The following four tapes in this series provide details on each of the major system elements. Implementation of a construction management system can result in a number of benefits, such as lower cost and increased efficiency of the overall construction program, streamlining of management processes, improved timeliness of contractor payments and project finalization, and automation of and increased access to critical construction information through reporting functions. The CMS elements are modular in design. Each element may be used by itself or as a part of a complete system. The elements are flexible. They can be modified. Guidelines provide for adapting the system to local needs. The planning and staffing element defines manpower requirements, how many employees are needed, and when they will be needed. Staffing needs may be tabulated by contract, by engineer, by sub-district, or by district to determine the number of employees required. Total level requirements may be defined to determine the numbers of technicians needed in each grade. In the planning element, the number of manhours and man months are determined. Standard planning values are determined for each contract type and multiplied by the number of units involved, resulting in total manhours required. The total man months required are determined by dividing total manhours required by available manhours per month. The monthly needs are determined by distributing the man months over the contract period. In the budgeting element, the manpower needs determined in the planning and staffing element are priced out, using standard costs to develop a program budget. This provides realistic cost estimates for performing the construction management work for the anticipated construction program. The man months from the planning element are multiplied by standard costs. The scheduling element provides for short-term, typically weekly, assessment of staffing needs to react to the contractor's plans, weather conditions, and employee availability for effective use of personnel. The process involves listing the work to be done, assigning personnel, comparing needs with available personnel, and advising districts or other areas of excesses or deficiencies in personnel levels. In the monitoring element, the actual manhours used are compared with those planned and with the contractor's progress to allow engineers to assess their effectiveness in utilizing their employees. The monitoring procedure compares actual manhours used with contractor's progress. This is done by dividing manhours used by planned manhours to determine percent of manhours used. Next is system updating. Guidelines detail reviewing and updating the system annually. You also need to consider several other factors. First, select an implementation organization. You will also need to develop a plan for system design and implementation. Investigate work methods improvements and consider numerous data processing decisions. Adapting and implementing the system is a one-time effort and requires a full-time staff as well as a firm commitment from top management. The person who will operate the system should be on the implementation team to ensure complete familiarity with system design. It is recommended that the implementation organization include a steering committee, a technical panel, and a project staff. The project staff should be assigned to the construction engineer. Committee and authority for construction quality assurance and for staffing construction projects should not be separated. Throughout the system development process, a conscious effort should be made to involve all levels of personnel in the organization. A steering committee should be selected to guide the project. The committee's duties include establishing the framework within which the project will be carried out, reviewing and evaluating project progress with special attention to matters that cause delays or difficulties, reviewing and evaluating major findings, analyses, conclusions and recommendations for completeness, logic, consistency and practicality. Ensuring that the project is fully supported at the central office to expedite implementation. Evaluating final system design characteristics and recommending actions needed for implementation and ensuring that the system is implemented and supported by the field construction supervisors. The steering committee should consist of four to six top management officials. Suggested members are the chief engineer, the chief of operations, the construction engineer, the personnel director and the head of computer services. The technical panel should consist of four to six agency personnel who are very knowledgeable about current construction operations. The panel will work with the project staff on a part-time basis in adapting the various components of the system. Panel members should be selected to represent various geographical areas, urban, rural, flatland and mountainous areas. Panel memberships should include a mix of engineers in charge, area construction engineers, district construction engineers and assistant district construction engineers. The project staff will be responsible for successfully implementing the system. The staff should include a full-time engineer to provide direction to the work and a full-time assistant engineer to assist in adapting the system and training field crews. Once the system is fully implemented, the project staff can typically be reduced to one full-time construction staff engineer and a full-time clerk typist. The technical panel is used annually to assist with reviewing and updating the system. Construction at the chief engineer level should select the implementation organization. Recommendations for the project staff and the technical panel can be made by the chief of operations, construction engineer or other appropriate officials. Next, you will need to develop a plan for system design and implementation. The plan should allow for collecting available data on the current workforce, construction programs and personnel classification plans. Computer time available, current turnaround time and priorities should also be checked. The plan should provide for modifying the elements selected from the model system. The system should be implemented in one district first to fine-tune the system. Implementation should proceed as quickly as possible after the first area has been implemented satisfactorily. You will also need to investigate work methods improvements. There is a need for continual evaluation of methods, equipment and materials. Paperwork is often started to correct specific problems, but is continued long after the problems are solved. Departments must eliminate wasteful, outmoded practices. It is important to expand most of the effort in work methods improvements on those activities which require significant amounts of manpower. A 5% statewide reduction in office work for earthwork quantities would result in a significant savings in most departments. While a 50% reduction in office work for asphalt paving would yield very little savings in manpower. Efforts should be concentrated where the potential for improvements is the greatest. There are many data processing considerations to resolve. Each agency must assess its own computer capabilities. There are many variables to consider in distributing the man months over the calendar year. Engineering judgment is the best method for considering all of these variables. If the planning computations are computerized, budgeting would logically also be calculated on the computer. It may be possible to save programming time by using or adapting existing software. There are two sources of program information. The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, AASHTO, and the Highway Engineering Exchange Program, or HEEP. The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials prepares a computer systems index. The index is updated annually. It is available from AASHTO at the address on the screen. The Highway Engineering Exchange Program, HEEP, encourages members to share systems and programs. The information about HEEP may be obtained by contacting the president of HEEP at the agency shown on the screen. In this program, we have provided a basic overview of a typical construction management system. As you will recall, the major system elements are planning and staffing, budgeting, scheduling, monitoring, and updating. For more information on this or other IRF videotapes, write to the International Road Federation or call the numbers on your screen.


Hello and welcome. I'm Lynn Freese, producer of Global Political Economy, or GB News Docs. With me to talk about his new forthcoming book is Peter Draho's. The global high-carbon economy is running out of time, and the book, Survival Governance, Energy and Climate in the Chinese Century, argues that a strong state is required to galvanize the global project of survival governance. Catalytic leadership is needed to shut down the fossil fuel industry and to fast-track innovation in renewable energy. My guest, Peter Draho, is professor of law and governance at the European University Institute and professor of intellectual property law at Queen Mary, the University of London. He's emeritus professor at the Australian National University. Some earlier books include intellectual property, indigenous people, and their knowledge, and information feudalism, who owns the knowledge economy co-authored with John Braithwaite. Welcome, Peter. Thank you. Peter, this book draws on an extensive interview process that was part of a project on the global governance of energy at the Australian National University at the Regulatory Institutions Network, or RegNet. Start by telling us something about that. Here we owe a great debt of gratitude to the Australian Research Council, which is the independent body for the funding of research at Australian universities. It really backed myself and the small group of researchers, and they were very generous. They essentially gave us funding for nine years, and so we were able to really drill down into all of the key countries on energy policy. Our main focus was essentially government people and people in industry. They were our primary targets. We began interviewing just before the Copenhagen Climate Conference. I was surprised at how frank people were in the way that they spoke to us. People were genuinely worried about the slowness of progress. In the words of one climate negotiator that we spoke to, he said, the real problem here was that governments were not being honest with their publics about the scale of the problem, and I think at the end of that process, I think that's actually very true. Peter, you introduced two concepts in the book, survival governments and a biodigital energy paradigm. Explain what you mean by those concepts, and let's start by taking survival governance first. Well, I have a very simple definition of it. It essentially means that states and non-state actors begin to think about preserving and maintaining ecosystems because their survival depends on it. So in the end, if we don't preserve ecosystems, we jeopardize our own survival. We need really big picture thinking, and that I think requires states now to use their powers of regulation and to use their powers of financing to encourage and support and foster innovation in the directions that really matter. And what I argue in the book is that those directions are summed up by this idea of the biodigital energy paradigm. So the energy part of that is clear. It has to be renewable energies. The digital part of that is that we have to use the language of software to make the generation, the transmission and the distribution of renewable energy as efficient as possible, and as market competitive as possible. So here, digital technology can help us to trade in renewable energy. It can help us to keep an eye on our own energy consumption. There are lots and lots of different ways in which by digitizing the trade of energy, the generation of energy, we will get to our goal of a world of two degrees or less much more quickly. And the bio part of that comes from the fact that we don't just have the language of software at our disposal, but we also have the language of DNA. Now, we understand so much more about how organisms are put together, how organisms replicate and we can intervene in organisms in DNA in ways that we couldn't before. Now, of course, genetic engineering has to proceed cautiously, but many of these technologies have been around for a long time. And so the idea, for example, of using bacteria to produce medicines, for example, is something that's well known and understood. So my argument here is that biology has a lot to contribute to the generation of renewable energy, the regeneration of ecosystems. What we need is what I call the biodeigital energy paradigm, a kind of integration and convergence of biology, of computing science, and of renewable energy. That is the paradigm for the 21st century in just the same way that coal and oil will turn out to be the great big scientific paradigm of the early 20th century. We have to get rid of that paradigm. We have to shut it down. We need a new paradigm. To create this new biodeigital energy paradigm, you say that much more than strong leadership from a state is needed, but that a two degree limit on global warming is not feasible without strong leadership from one or more states. You argue that state power to issue commands with structural effect on the economy and to create money on a vast scale is fundamental. But on the books criteria, state powers of regulation and financing that you've mentioned are not even enough. What's also needed is network leadership and a large domestic market. And not many states meet that criteria. Here I'm speaking about state leadership. So I ultimately, or rather my position here is that we need one or more states to get the ball rolling, to catalyse, to provide some leadership. So obviously I'm not excluding the participation of many states, but in the end some degree of state leadership is needed here. And I think there are really only four possible contenders here for this leadership. The United States, obviously, it remains a very innovative economy. China, the European Union, because in my book I essentially think of the European Union as this unitary actor, which it is on matters of energy and trade and so on. And finally India, which is another potential player in all of this. So what I do then is to look at those four states in turn. When the books publish and people can read it, not many people will be surprised that of the four states you find that the U.S. has the greatest capacity to get the ball rolling to move world capitalism into global governance mode and to create a new bio-digital energy paradigm. But in your evaluation, the U.S. is not the most plausible candidate to do so. Give us a glimpse into the thought process of how it is that you came to this conclusion that the most plausible candidate to do so is China, not the U.S., the European Union, or India. One of the questions I asked myself was, well, how would you achieve a bio-digital energy paradigm? I mean, what would be the levers? And what I argue in the book is that it's cities that are essentially the levers here. I mean, if we think of large cities, most of the world's population now lives in cities. And indeed China, as we all know, is urbanizing. And, you know, by 2030, I think roughly another 300 million Chinese people will be living in cities. So my argument is that cities represent markets. And citizens in cities will want cheaper energy. They will want clean energy, because they will want to live in cities that don't have air pollution. They will want to live in cities where flooding is not a problem or floods are managed. They will want to live in cities where there are green spaces, because green spaces are important to us as human creatures in all sorts of different ways. They will want to live in cities where they can easily recharge their cars, where perhaps public transport is well managed, and so on. So there are lots of things that citizens want for their cities. And my argument is that the bio-digital energy paradigm can be constituted through the demand for all of the technologies that make up the bio-digital energy paradigm, through the demand created in cities. So it's city demands for these technologies that will create the paradigm. And I think China, with its many, many different kinds of cities, really has an opportunity to take the lead in developing this paradigm. And I think, if one looks at what China is doing with its cities, it's very interesting to see the kind of large-scale experimentation that's taking place in China.  So essentially what China is doing is trialling many technologies that are relevant to the bio-digital energy paradigm at the city level, because that is the scale at which these technologies have to work. And so if you can make the technology work at a city-scale level, then that makes it easier to roll out across to other cities and then indeed across the world. So cities, in a sense, are our best hope, I think. The Chinese policymakers really came to understand the need for a shift quite early on. I mean, if you have a population of 1.3 billion people and you're burning a lot of coal, as China has done, you very rapidly run into problems of acid rain, of severe air pollution, of generally producing toxic chemicals that poison your environment. And Chinese scientists already in the 1980s were warning about this. So China ultimately used coal to electrify its economy. But as early as the 1990s, I think it's interesting that they were already scouting around for ideas about how to shift into a different kind of economy. And so I think a lot of the groundwork for the shifts that we see taking place in China today were the product of policy discussions that were taking place in the 1990s. And of the other four players, let's turn now to the European Union. In your scenarios, the EU has an important role to play as a potential strategic partner with a fast-moving China in both global and regional projects of survival governance, but not as a catalytic leader. Explain that. When one looks at the EU, it's a very plausible candidate for catalytic leadership on climate change. I mean, a lot of good things have come out of the European Union. I mean, if you look at their energy union package of 2015, they also have done very good things on pushing the idea of the circular economy forward. And of course, the European Investment Bank in Europe is funding many energy initiatives, climate-related initiatives in the EU. So I think there's a lot to be said for your EU leadership here. And of course, the EU commission is talking about a Green New Deal. My worry about the EU is that it is made up of a lot of estates. I mean, and I mean, of course, the UK has departed, but still, and the member states of the EU each see their position a little differently. So middle European countries like Slovakia or Poland or the Czech Republic have a different view of energy security, perhaps, to how Germany might see it or how the Dutch might see it. So everything is a matter of negotiation within the EU. And ultimately, the EU can only move as quickly as those very intense negotiations among all its member states allow it to move. So while I think the EU has done and will do very important things on climate, I ultimately think it cannot be or provide the kind of catalytic leadership that is required. Turning now to India. Here you see sectoral successes in innovation and development, with two clearest cases being in pharmaceuticals and software. But you what you find much less clear is whether or not India can move with the speed and scale required. And in the books scenarios, you argue, and this is a quote, that whether they know it or not, India and China are partners in survival governance. At least that's the argument of that scenario. I mean, I do believe that India will pay attention to China's success stories with cities, because India too is undergoing a process of urbanisation and more and more poor people will leave the countryside of India and will shift into cities. So I think India has the same chance to scale technology and for India, frugal innovation is even more important than for China because, you know, the GDP per capita of India is around 2000 US dollars and China is in the order of $8,000. So India has many more poor people. And we also know that India is also very much vulnerable to climate change.  So I think the Indian policy makers will study China's success stories. India, historically speaking, has always focused on, I mean, obviously under Gandhi and then Nehru and so on. There was this tradition, democratic socialist tradition, I think, in which poverty alleviation was seen as important. And India does have a track record. I mean, most obviously in pharmaceuticals, where it has a very good pharmaceutical industry that over the years has been able to create quite dramatic price drops in medicines, making it available to more poor people, not just in India, but around the world. So I think if we really care about equality, and we, you know, we have to think about innovation in price terms, it's not enough just to come up with an invention that is priced out of most people's reach. Ultimately, what is the point of that? And so I think India and China, with their poor populations, understand that. And of course, you know, there are many neighbouring countries.  So there are, I think, huge opportunities to target innovation at the reality of poverty. To target innovation at the reality of poverty, you say a new model is needed. To briefly quote from the book, you say that under the current globalized model of US innovation, intellectual property monopolists, rather than markets, diffuse innovation. Monopolists are interested in monopoly rents and so restrict diffusion. This model is essentially a death sentence for hundreds of millions of extremely poor people in the world, surviving on less than $2 a day. The same might be said about the half of the world's population, surviving on less than $6 a day. In fact, monopoly models of knowledge, asset diffusion are not successful models for anybody but the super rich. It's a completely bankrupt model of innovation. I mean, in what world can poor people, either in China or in India, afford cancer drugs that are hundreds of thousands of dollars? I mean, US citizens can't afford these prices that are being delivered. And what's more, if one looks at the pharmaceutical industry, there's been an abject failure to innovate in areas like antibiotics where we actually desperately need innovation. But I also think the same is true in other areas. I mean, the idea that proprietary software, for example, should be protected through intellectual property rights when the open source revolution has demonstrated there are other ways in which we can have software innovation and actually superior innovation is another case in point. Or think of the price of books. Think of that most precious knowledge contained in books that are priced by publishing cartels around the world at absurd prices. No poor person in China or India can afford the price of a textbook that essentially represents that person's yearly income. Peter, you're an expert on intellectual property rights that lie at the heart of the current globalized model of US innovation. Very briefly, give us some of the backstory of the path taken in US innovation since the 1980s and the Reagan presidency. Reagan really made it his mission to combat what he called the the evil empire. And so, unsurprisingly, much more research in a sense was devoted to technologies that ensured US security. So nuclear power is obviously right up there as part of that agenda. And so it was a time in which both the coal and oil industries, in a sense, were doing better. And of course, you know, Reagan understood as previous presidents had that US security depended profoundly on innovation in weapons. And it's very important to emphasize here that every single president after World War II understands that US security depends on weapons innovation. And so the push by Reagan here was essentially to do everything that he could to ensure that the US economy stayed ahead in the innovation game. And so one strategy for that in a sense was to elevate protection for US innovation through creating a global intellectual property rights system. So we saw under the Reagan administration intellectual property being linked to the trade regime. And that essentially made it harder for other countries to enter the innovation game, because once you strengthen monopolies on a global basis, it follows that other countries find it difficult to compete. And it also meant that more investment was likely to take place in the United States, thereby keeping the US ahead as it were in the weapons innovation race. So that 1980s era was really profoundly important in terms of what happened to the future of renewables and the way in which the US weaponized, in effect, the trade regime and sent innovation down this security path in a way that was more intense than it had previously occurred. The US ultimately prizes weapons innovation above all else. And so the incentives for the United States to change the existing way that innovation is done, I think, are reduced. One can see why they would not want to lead, essentially, on new approaches to innovation. And I think the trade war between the United States and China really captures a lot of the concerns that the United States has about the way in which potentially its position as an innovator in military markets could ultimately be compromised. Because what we see there is the United States accusing China of essentially stealing US intellectual property. And if we look at the areas where the United States has real concerns, it's in areas like digital technology, artificial intelligence, the whole area of semiconductor chips, neural nets and so on. And all of these things ultimately have a weapons dimension. I mean, 5G technology is another example where that is infrastructure that is very relevant to cyber security, for example. So the United States has a lot of incentives to keep the existing paradigm in place. And in a sense, it's thrown down the gauntlet to China. And it's saying, you really have to do much more on intellectual property rights than you have been doing. And if one looks at the past 30 or 40 years, what we see is that every time China complies with a US demand on intellectual property, it's not enough. The US comes back with further demands. And one can see this in the way that the United States is rolling out new trade deals, the trade deal, for example, with Mexico and Canada, in which, for example, there are now many more provisions on trade secrecy than have ever existed in any trade agreement previously. So essentially, the United States is saying that the main game for the United States is innovation as it relates to our power in the world. And climate change and survival governance and all those things are very much further down on the list of priorities. On the back of US monopoly models of innovation, even before getting to the books critique of the current globalized model of US finance, it's not so hard to understand why in the book scenarios, the US is not a likely candidate to provide leadership in fast-tracking innovation in renewable energies and the rapid diffusion in scaling up of low-cost, low-carbon technology, whereas China probably has more of an incentive to rethink the current winner-take-all pricing model that US corporations have globalized. To get at why in the book scenario, it's also unlikely that the US will manage its fossil fuel industry out of existence in anything like the time needed. Comment on innovation in the US oil and gas industry. Take the US fracking industry, a so-called US success story, in innovating a way out of energy dependence. The argument in the book being that the US through innovation has turned itself into a fossil fuel superpower and that US oil and gas innovation is a major stumbling block to getting onto paths to keep global warming under two degrees. That ultimately for me is the critical point that the oil and gas industry in the United States presents itself as a success story and it's a success story that has brought wealth to many people in the United States that have never seen wealth. I mean if you look at where the great shale plays are in Texas and so on, many poor people have in the United States have benefited from deals that they have struck with with frackers. After generations of poverty, if a chance comes along to make money for your family, you would jump at that chance. And so this is why I argue in the book that no US president can really close down the oil and gas industry because it is a success story by its own standards and by the standards of entrepreneurship that prevail in the United States. I think what is perhaps not fully appreciated by people is just how much the US has progressed in terms of energy security. Obviously after the OPEC oil crisis energy security was on everybody's lips and that was always the dream. Well the dream in a sense or I would say the nightmare has arrived in that the fracking industry has essentially turned the United States into both an oil exporter and a gas exporter. And you know that is an example of successful innovation. Whatever else you say about the fracking industry in the United States, it did through a process of incremental innovation find ways to extract fossil fuel from shale. However it's innovation that we don't need. It's innovation that's gone in completely the wrong direction. So I argue in the book that this is innovation that we need to shut down. And Peter what if India or China move in this direction? I mean India has something like the fourth largest reserves of coal in the world. If India chooses to exploit those then I think it's going to be very difficult to reach the kinds of climate goals that the climate science is recommending. So India really is at a turning point and its decision will affect the rest of us. China has very large reserves of coal and indeed if it adopts fracking technology it can also have the kind of or potentially it could have the kind of shale gas and shale oil revolution that the United States has had. I mean there is a complicating factor here relating to China's geology and that is that the fracking would have to be at much greater depth than occurs in the United States and that makes it technically more complex. So China could choose to go down the path of fossil fuel security. Obviously if China does that and the United States continues on with its fossil fuel exploitation then I think we can more or less completely forget about the possibility of a world less than two degrees. We would really then shift into worlds of three or four degrees and at that point if you look at the scenarios they're very they're terrible scenarios essentially or you're really talking about collapsing ecosystems and major problems with food production it really it really is something that we need to avoid at all costs. Peter you talked to a lot of industry experts what do they think about this strategy of making coal cleaner by capturing carbon emissions from coal fired power stations and storing them underground so carbon capture storage or CCS. That was really one of the stunning findings I think of the interviews. So we spoke to people in the coal industry we you know spoke to manufacturers and the chemical sector we spoke to very large utilities for example in in the United States and one of the things that really surprised me was the cynicism about carbon capture storage and in essence as one interviewer said carbon capture storage is a sort of parasitical form of of doing of generating energy because in order to capture the carbon you have to essentially use energy to capture the carbon and then once you've captured it you then have to use more energy to send it somewhere for storage and the simple effect of that is it raises the cost of energy. Coal really no longer becomes competitive with solar I mean even coal energy or coal generated electricity that doesn't use CCS is actually these days not really competitive with solar but with CCS it's completely uncompetitive so any country that pretends that CCS is the solution is essentially locking itself into a scientific research agenda that is first of all going nowhere because no one seriously thinks that it's going to work and secondly it's actually locking itself into a highly inefficient form of energy generation. In the U.S. carbon capture storage is a key plank of the Democratic presidential candidate's climate plan the Biden climate plan and on China Biden's campaign rhetoric echoes that of Trump. The book argues that the U.S. oil and gas industry among other super rich networks has played an effective game in preserving the existing paradigm that's served them so well. In the U.S. however green New Deal Democrats are working to break through this and to rally enough support to move the U.S. in a rapid change of direction. The ultimately the future lies with the biodeigital energy paradigm and so in some ways if China were to move perhaps one happy consequence of this would be that the United States might come to its senses and move down the path of a green New Deal and really harness that kind of innovation capability that for which really it has a has a marvelous track record in many ways. One of the big issues for me personally is that so much of scientific talent over the last you know 50 or 60 years has been wasted on weapons manufacture that is such a tragedy. And of course this all began as a result of scientific participation in the building of the nuclear bomb and the continued participation of scientists in the building of nuclear weapons and now in the building of algorithms that essentially create all sorts of automated weapons and automated systems of surveillance that ultimately make us more insecure and not not not not more secure. You say it's not comforting to conclude as your book does that the world's best chance of escaping a climate catastrophe rests with the plans and decisions made by China more than any other capitalist state and in the book you talk about the many ways in which things can go very badly wrong. You mentioned one earlier in the conversation notably of China were to go down the path of fossil fuel security. What's another that you find especially worrisome? One that I worry about a lot is if this very negative framing of China by the United States continues and I think we should recognize that we live in a world of self-fulfilling prophecies. I mean if people in America continually demonize China well the obvious effect of that will be that China will become much more hostile and less likely to cooperate with the United States but more importantly it will elevate the hawks in China and that it seems to me increases the risk of conflict and you know history teaches us that hegemon's and would-be hegemon's end up fighting I mean think obviously of the American revolution. For this segment we're going to have to leave it there with more to follow at a later date. Peter Drahose's new book Survival Governance Energy and Climate in the Chinese Century will be published in early 2021 by Oxford University Press. Once again many thanks to Peter Drahose who joined us from Canberra, Australia and from Geneva, Switzerland. Thank you for tuning in to this episode of GPE NewsDocs.


the show. It's me, John Park. It's time for another episode of JP's Product Pick of the Week. So if that's what you're here for, you have made it. Thank you so much for joining us. If you want to join in on our chat, we have our Discord server up over at Adafru.it slash Discord. Look for the live broadcast chat channel. That's it right there. Hello everyone for stopping by. Also, a lot of people over there in the YouTube chat. So hello and thanks for stopping by. David Odessa, Sarah Pierce, Johnny Bergdahl, Marie Meyer, Connor McCarter. Thank you everyone for stopping by there. If you are somewhere else like Twitch and you're wondering where the chat is, then check out our Discord. That's a good place to come and chat anytime. But during the live stream, you'll want to check out the live broadcast chat channel. Let's see what else is going on. Grab a sip of water here because it is hot. It is hot in Southern California yet again. Let's see what else is happening here. We've got a great big huge discount during this show on this week's Product Pick. You can go right there to that URL or to that QR code and you will end up on the product page. Inside the product page, you will find this video playing so you can go watch it from right within there if you like.  We've got going maximum of 10 per customer. No coupon code needed. So just throw them in your cart and make sure you hit buy before the end of the show because we will then pop that price right back up to the usual full retail price. So head on over there. That's the URL you want to go to. $257.69 is the product ID number. Before I say any more, let's have Lady Aida tell us about this week's Product Pick. So please take it away, Lady Aida. The Audio BFF. So this is an add-on board for Stem and QT boards. We just showed off the ESP32 SD QT board and those QT boards are very minimal. We don't add a lot of extra hardware on them because we figured, hey, you can just plug in little boards on the back. These are VFFs. And we made one that has a microSD card and we also made one with an I2S amp and I needed for a project something that had both a microSD card and I2S amp so could play audio clips, long ones, ones that were too long to store on the internal flash memory of the S3 chip or the S2 chip. And so this is what I created. It's got a picoblade connector for the speaker. It's got a 3-watt I2S amplifier. It's, by default, it's 9 dB gain and stereo mix output.  You can plug in up to 64 GB cards and then use Arduino or circuit Python code. We've got plenty of both to read audio files or any whatever. It doesn't have to be audio files, although that would make sense because then you'd play them through the I2S amplifier and you get really good quality audio much better than using a DAC.  And then if you really want to, you can, of course, stack another one. I have two speakers. So you've got your semi-QT, sorry, your QDPI board, like this ESP32S3, or you've got the RP2040. And then you're like, okay, but I want to have microSD and speaker. You can solder headers onto this. And then what you can actually do is also solder this board directly. But in this case, I put socket headers on it so I can remove it for live demoing. That works quite nicely. So you get really nice quality audio. And I protect this originally for the Torhacker board because I wanted to have something that could play long audio clips like up to two or three minutes. And it looks very nicely. Circuit Python is what we recommend because we've got the best I2S wave playback support there. But you can also use Arduino or ESPIDF if you like or whatever. Yeah, look at it right there. That is the little bugger. Oh my gosh, it's cute. It really is your best friend. This right here is the product pick of the week. This week it is the Audio BFF. This is for QDPI and JOW boards.  So it is perfect for plugging in over its little picoblade connector, a small speaker and playing audio files with this just stuck right onto the belly side of a QDPI. So what I want to do is show you here's a here's a little demo of one that I've put together. I'll show you this on the overhead in a second. But you can see how just tiny that is. That's the little package right there with the Audio BFF and a QDPI RP2040. And you can see I've got a speaker plugged in right over that little picoblade connector. So let's go. You know what? In fact, before I go to the overhead on this, I'll give you an audio demo because I can just hold the little microphone up to my lav mic here. And what I've got set up is there's a little microSD card there with a bunch of audio samples. I actually grabbed some samples from the video game portal. And then there's the user button here on the RP2040. So what I'm going to do is every time I press that, I'll play one of the WAV files that's sitting right there on the root of that SD card. So here we go. Check it out. Hello, and again, welcome to the Aperture Science Computer Aided Enrichment Center. We hope your brief detention in the relaxation vault has been a pleasant one. For your own safety and the safety of others, please refrain from Whoa, you're doing please proceed to the start and stop. You're doing quite well. Please be careful. Quit now and take will be served immediately.  Try to avoid it. Through no fault of the Enrichment Center, you have managed to trap yourself in this room. So that's just too much fun. I love those audio samples. That's off of off of the game portal. But you can see here, it's really fast to play. I can flip through these actually each time I click this, let me let me go to the overhead now. Now that you've heard those close up, I'm gonna switch the view around a little bit. And I'll show you a really cool feature of this that makes it just fantastic for things like props, cosplay, little sound toys, little wearables. What were some other examples I'd come up with that I thought this was helpful for like art installations, any little cosplay things. This is a really nice setup because it's so small. And having your sound files on an SD card means that you can swap them out really easily if something changes or if you have a different sound pack you need for something. So first of all, let me show you it with the setup we have right here. So there it is the audio BFF. And I'm using some little short feather headers there are short headers to plug it into the underside of a QDPI RP2040. There I have grafted one of these nice enclosed speakers. It's a four ohm three watt speaker onto a little Pico blade connector wire there. We sell those separately if you want to hook your own speaker up and then you can just plug it into that little port right there. And then I'm using that user button there. So when I press this Okay, so those are all these portal sound effects. What I can do is take that SD card out, grab a different SD card with different samples. I'm just going to slide that in. And I'm going to reset the code just because I don't have anything in my code that's going to detect that. Maybe that's possible in this code. I'm just hitting reset. And now I have totally different set of sound effects. These are like little eight bit sounds off of freesound.org. So it's nice and loud to let me place it up near my my lav mic here you can hear him again. And I think this is at about 0.65 or so point 0.7 volume on the mixer voice that I'm using. So you can use this for sorry so you can use circuit Python or Arduino works really particularly well in circuit Python because we have such great wave playback support, as well as the audio mixer. If you want to take a look at the code that I've got here, let's let's switch over to this view for a moment. So this is based on Lady Eight as demo on the main guide page. I'll show you that in a moment. And I just made one small change rather than using random I have it working its way through a sorted list. So it will each time press the button play the next one in the list. That's the big change there. But otherwise the same as the demo code. So we set up the card chip select the data, the L LR clock and the B clock for the I2S audio. I am setting up audio bus IO over I2S audio there with those pins. Then we are using that button that's built on. This code is kind of cool because first thing it does is it just checks for any wave files on the flash storage built onto the QDPI. So if there are any, you can keep those consistent always have those available. But then the next thing it's going to do is go and check your SD card. So here we have checking the file system for an SD card. If it's there, we're going to go ahead and mount that. And then we're going to add to our wave files list any files that are there. I'm also doing a little filtering to get rid of dot files or things that aren't ending in dot wave. And then we go and when a button is pressed, we open up a wave file so that gets opened that quickly right off of the SD card, which is fantastic, opens up just the one file there. And it'll even deal with different sample rates between files because we're only opening one at a time. I think I have 16 bit for all of these here. And then the mixer voice you can see here is set at point six when we press the button, we play it and then we increment our counter so that we can when it's done playing or when we press again to stop, we can go to the next one in the list. So really simple to use this is the basic example that you'll find right here if you go to Adafruit and go to product ID 5769. This is the product page for the audio BFF. You can go ahead and click on the little learn guide link that's right here. You'll usually find these in the lower section of a product page. So if we click on that, you'll see we've got all of the overview info on here. If you scroll down, you can get links to some of the cables that you can use with it such as this little little Molex connector picoblade, the one I'm using right there. Then we can check out the pin out. And this will tell you what pins are used for what. So this one, as Lady Aida said, the amplifier, it's the Max 93. Is that 3785? No, 98357, I thought. No, 257a, what the heck is going on here? There's different info everywhere. Oh, I think that's a typo on the silk screen. Yeah, I think it's the 98357. That's funny. So this is a three watt amplifier for four to eight ohm speakers. It has a couple of neat features here. One, you can select the gain. So it is by default at a nine DB gain. There are jumpers on the top there that allow you to change that to a six DB gain or a 12 DB gain, depending on your needs, just by soldering that connection or slicing a connection. And you can also use stereo sample files in case that's just more convenient for you. It happens to be what you have. The amp is in a mode where it will take the stereo and mix it down to a single mono channel, which is great. Which means if your stereo file had some stuff panned right and some stuff panned left, you won't just only hear the left channel. They actually get sort of summed in the middle there. So it plays those for you. So this will show you how to switch out different pin jumpers if you need to use the pins for something else, as well as setting the gain. And you can also make a different choice as far as stereo mix. That's the default, but you can also say I just want to play right, I just want to play left channel. And then we have sample code there for using insert the Python and Arduino as well as downloads for the fab files. If you want those. Let's see, let me know if there are any questions. Marie Meyer, could you use a PIR to trigger the audio? Yeah, that would be a really great. It's a great idea, really nice use of this type of board. You could use a little PIR sensor proximity sensor. I can't remember if we I think we have some PIR sensors that work over I square C, which makes it really nice and plug and play because we've got that STEM acute connector right there. So you could plug in a little sensor board. Any, any sensor board you want could be based on temperature humidity. Some CO2 sensing. There are light sensors, there are you could use probably a little microphone. So those will all work really well in combination with this board. Another question we have is about MP3s. Yeah, I haven't tried it, but I think there's no reason you couldn't play back MP3s as long as the board you're dealing with has the horsepower for it. I think we can do MP3 playback on RP2040 without too much trouble. So I don't think that would be a problem. I haven't tried it. So you'll you'll want to maybe dig around a little more before purchasing this for that purpose. But I believe that would work. Let's see any other questions or thoughts. I think that covers it. OJ Thinkster says thinking of replacing the guts of a staples that was easy button with this for custom messages. That's a great idea. I love that. I was just just testing things out. I happened to have a little poke ball here little Pokemon. It's like it's a coin bank poke ball. I just took the speaker there. Whoops. See how sturdy this is and it happened to fit in there pretty well. And now with my just with my little user button example, we get a pretty easy to set up prop type of effect using that for audio. Since you can use boards like the ESP 32 S2 S3 you could do Wi-Fi based things. And it's also possible depending on your setup to stack some BFFs with stacking headers. So if you wanted to add a little battery BFF and a lipo battery to have get rid of the need for the long obnoxious USB cable that that's possibility as well. So let's see I think that is going to do it. So let's let's wrap this up. Don't forget head on over to product ID 5769 to grab these for just $2.98. This will work I think with pretty much any of our QDPI boards. I can't think of any that would would have a problem running this. So I love the RP 2040. It's a great one to grab but try it on try it on other boards if you want to. It's one of the reasons I like using the stacking headers or the little header pins short headers so that I can plug and unplug and make different little arrangements. But if you want to you can also do the the straight solder it straight on to there if you like. All right, that's going to do it for today where the heck did it go? It's so small and I'll lose it. There we go. That whoa, what's the screen doing here? That is my product pick of the week this week. It is the audio BFF for QDPI and Jao with 3 watt I2S amplifier and SD card reader for Adafruit Industries. I'm John Park and this has been JP's product pick of the week. Thanks everyone for stopping by. We'll see you next time. Bye bye. Welcome to the aperture science computer aided in much been center.


This video is brought to you in part by TrueTech Tools. Quality tools, essential support. Alright, so we're back today to replace an evaporator on the train that fell off the tracks. We've got an evaporator that's leaking, I tried to repair it, wasn't able to do it. There was multiple different spots that it was leaking in, so we're going to change it. So let's go ahead and get started. First thing we're going to do is we're going to go ahead and get started recovering circuit 1 here. Recovered, circuit 2 is empty. Got a poundage road inside there because the stickers have completely faded away. And then we've got our top already loosened up. We're going to pop this top up, rotate it so we can get to the evaporator coil right in here. One of the first things I'm going to need to do here is get this tank prepped for the recovery. This circuit here has five and a half pounds in it, so we're going to try to reuse that. And then we're going to get all new for the one that is void right now. So we're going to go ahead and get this thing pulled down, which we've got it going down there. That way it's ready to go. Then we'll get our recovery machine hooked up and we'll start recovering. So we've got the top off of it, we're able to get in the coil. I had one leak right here that I was able to find, but that ended up being on the other circuit, not the one that I actually needed it on. At that point, I decided it was no longer worth trying to fix it after destroying that much of it, which if you look at it, I didn't even go all the way in there, but I was able to patch that one particular area. So we just lifted this up, rotated it. We do need to get some spray glue on this insulation here that's falling down. So a little spray bomb from New Calgon, prepped. I've got some of these screws out of there. This is all convenient. Let me get this lifted up. Clears that up there. Again, it's ready so that we can get in here. We're going to reuse the TXVs. Myself personally, I would like to have seen them all replaced, but got the economizer just about completely unhooked. And we do have a new sensor for that also that we're going to be replacing. The mixed air temperature sensor. Here is no good. Just gently remove that. Got the machine blood out. Let's go ahead and get her hooked up to the tank. The tank's already about 590-ish area. I'm happy with that. We're not going for great grand and glorious here. Should have grabbed my other gauges there. The 557s, they actually read directly to the scale, but I can do it with my phone. So got that ready to go. Let's go ahead and start recovering. So we're pulling off liquid. See that doing quite a bit there too. It's kind of cool today, so it shouldn't need an ice bath hopefully. And it's only 5 pounds into a 50-pound cylinder. So our coils right here. Shipped with mighty care. As you can see, the box is in wonderful shape. You can see how they packed it. Way oversized box. And it doesn't appear that there's anything there that it actually hit. So definitely not impressed. But it's not as horrible as what it could be. That looks like it's the right one. So let's see if we can straighten that up a little bit. There we go. So we've got one that has different heads here. Robinair. I think I got this in my video description down in the bottom. All my tools I use is down there in the bottom of the... If you click on that, it'll take you to Amazon links. If it's something I can get on TrueTech Tools, you can get it at TrueTech Tools. I'll have links for that. Use promo code survival on TrueTech Tools. You get 8% off and help support the channel. Do what you like, but that's where the stuff's at. Like I said, we didn't get the full 5.5 pounds. Which, like I said, it's also leaking. So I would have liked to have caught it before it went into a negative. But we'll bleed off the top of it once we get done. It's settled for a little bit. I'm going to take this cross member here for the filters and pull that out and use the old one. Because the way they packaged this thing, it got smashed in there. I mean, you'd think that these were only a couple hundred bucks. But in reality, I don't know the exact price, but it was probably a couple thousand. Easy. Very easily. So let's go ahead and get straightening some more fins out. There we go. I just got done rechecking the history. I had recharged this circuit that was leaking originally. So I just went ahead and finished recovering the last bit of that refrigerant. Haven't measured it yet, but we're going to go ahead and get this thing removed here now. You've got to be careful when you're done doing this because it could have a little bit of flashback, it could be oil, and that sucks in line. Hopefully we got that much room on this other one. I could always cut it right here, too. So we got those all disconnected and made sure that when it pulls out like that, it usually stays thin enough there that it'll slide right into the next one, no problem. And really, you don't see a whole lot of carbon buildup in there. So we're good. Unbrazing, I usually don't get much carbon in there. See the same thing there. But we're going to go ahead and work on trying to get this thing loosened up that way we can yank it out of there. I don't really usually have a bunch of good things to say about the train, but they actually did have their screws out here where I needed them at, and I was able to get it loose. So look at those cookies. Ain't nothing but milk now. Looks like we can yank straight up on this thing. Let's go ahead and see if we can get it out of there. Maybe just do this without a helper. There we go. Look at that. Cookies and milk. Yes, sir. Be careful these wires down here. I definitely got some stuff going on with that. I took this apart here, probably shouldn't have. Well, that's something to do with. Just drag it on the rest of the way out. There's a metal rail down there I'm able to coast across. If you look at this here, this is lower than the back one. When you look at the original one, the back one is higher. And the back one is circuit one. We can follow this line right here, and I purge nitrogen through it. This is one. Then I covered the hole, made sure it came out of this one. So I know this is circuit one, that's circuit one. That's circuit two. That's the only one left. It's got to be circuit two. What I ended up doing is switch it then to circuit two, pushing through the suction, which we'll use while we're bracing. And I was able to verify that it's coming out on that one there. Now that we've got that already set up, we'll know for sure this one here, we're going to have to cut it, lower it, swedge it, and then put it back together. I don't know what the heck they were thinking. Who knows. I did count the coil loops and stuff, so it is pretty much the same coil. So hopefully, there are no mistakes here, but it's kind of hard to see how they could have made a mistake here. I don't know if they were trying to get better distribution or what they're doing, but I don't know. So we do have the nitrogen going through. I was able to shove that in all the way into the pocket. Tinker up a little bit. Heat up that piece going in first. That way it travels inside of the fitting. And then we'll pull the Daniflow into the pocket. Just a little bit here. That way it's ready to go. I need a little more in that I could use, but unfortunately it doesn't fit my torch right, so I have flashback. Definitely got to make sure this piece is back in there. Otherwise, it will fall on you.  Stay! Come on! We're wagging that way, buddy. There you go. How are we dealing with that drill? What I did is went ahead and bent that pipe out a little bit so we can get lower and get in there and get this cut so that I get the correct height that the factory should calculate it out.  Maybe just like like it should have been. Okay, got that marked. Think a little easier to cut it and then we'll form it back in. There we go. There we go. Looks a little nicer now. Now, since this is upside down, I'm just going to run my pliers in there to kind of slightly bend it back out, slash demerit. I really don't want chunks to fall down in there. And that tends to work pretty good. Needle nose, whatever. See that thing screw it in there and go at it. Shouldn't have to rotate it multiple times with this size. That's a nice thick wall piece of copper there. It didn't didn't screw up and split. Swedge kit there definitely comes in handy. I got a quarter inch which you can buy that and it goes way up big.  There we go. That should fit up just perfect when it's all sudden done. Get the TXV back a little bit. Get that foam out of there. Should be able to burn it right in. Let's make sure we switch our nitrogen over to the other side too. So let's go ahead and get this one here first then we'll put it together. I like mine just a little oxidizing. It's a little softer. Less likely to punch through. It's not how they tell you to do it. They want you to go to the neutral flame usually. That's not how I do it. So we inspected the joint. Everything looks good on that. We're going to put that partially back together. There we go. And I got to be careful of my cord here. Whoops a daisy.  And so we got that one burned in. Same there and there. We'll let this vent continue to cool down then we'll wipe off the carbon.  Got it a little cleaned up now. I always like to pull deep into the pocket all the way around. You should be able to see that breeze come all the way on the inside all the way down to the bottom of the pocket. Obviously if you just do it on the outside it's going to crack but some people like to ring it which is kind of what I did here. A little bumpy on that one there.  They're all here in the way and I don't want to do that. And then we've got foam over here so it's perfectly strong but sometimes it just comes down to the way you want it to look. Brazing skills is definitely something that they don't teach in school so it's something you're going to have to learn. They'll show you the basics how to set up your torch but like I said the way they showed me to set it up with a neutral flame I've yet to see that work right. I like a little bit oxidizing because it's softer flame because I had so many problems with brazing in the beginning years the first year what have you. That's why I bring it up. So like any of these videos everything I do here is because of things I had problems with and I just share what I've done to overcome those problems. Now we're ready to start with the filter dryers. Trane loves to do goofy stuff.  I don't know it's a weird size so as you can see right there they end up going to a 163. We ordered the OEM dryers so now I've got to see if I can get one of these to fit back in there. They extended that 3 8's up there so what I might do is just drop the dryer down closer to it but I don't know why they went to something goofy like that. Normally you're not supposed to sweat these out but guess what? Probably going to have to sweat it out. I don't have anything extra to mess with here as far as extra room so let's see if we can get that to pull apart theoretically there shouldn't be any moisture around it anyway. Should be able to run her this way. We've got our depressor tools because we have those Cormax tools on there so that'll allow us to bleed out through the suction side, keep her all clean and nice and tight against everything. The thing I look at it as is if you're purging nitrogen through there you're not if I'm able to hold on to this thing like I am right now I didn't heat that desiccant up enough to release any moisture that that desiccant's inside there so spin it in between there. It's not that hot so let's make sure we get her dryer back in the right direction. There we go give that a second and then we'll get that back into place here. This thing does not like to be in the sun at all. She shuts down so I'll take the case off which really sucks another reason why I gotta get away from the phone. We're gonna go ahead and get that one out there. I'm gonna let this continue to cool down and get that one yanked out of there. It's the same thing as what I did there but you can see we got her changed a little bit of a mark here. Oh good it wipes off so it don't look like there we go. Looks a lot better now. So we got her in there. That one worked out great now. If they would have only done that with the other one it would have been perfect.   This stuff is never instantaneous. You have to come back later. You have to have usually fairly dark.  I've only had one and as before I had some of the detectors I got now that I had to actually do that on and it's just ridiculous. You get a good detector you don't need that.  So we got the one cut loose this year. I'm going to see about maybe swedging that and doing it the original quarter inch whatever it is 516 or what I don't know it's a weird size we don't use. So we're going to go old school because that is 516 so check the box and the only thing we got for that I believe is one of my ones here. So yeah, that's my first one and I had this one back in probably about 96 area probably 95 I don't remember exactly but yeah this thing still this day working good nothing wrong with it just isn't as quick as some of the other ones. But yeah we'll get our right size on there and we'll get her done up.  Alright so I went ahead and just bent it so that it would be easier to braise so horizontal is going to be a lot easier that oil in there tells me that it was trapping oil probably because of the increase in the riser you're going from the 516 to 380 it's not a huge amount but generally it's not what you do when you're trying to get proper oil return in the liquid form it should just blast it on through but still I don't know it's just for what reason there's oil in there in that line when I blew through it to purge it it blew green gook all over the place so what I did is I just bent it up slightly it's not going to be permanent I'm going to put the weight of that on the other line there because when this gets hot it's going to soften and it's going to want to sag so that's the reason why I'm doing it like I'm doing it that oil wants to catch on fire which is awesome it'll burn off there in a second there it pulled right into that pocket perfect give that a second to cool and then we'll move her down to the bottom alright so on this here I think what I'm going to do is I'm just going to since that's all one solid piece I'm going to take her up to 3 8 that way I can stick the 3 8's in there and then just extend it up and it should do that do that without splitting it as long as we rotated a couple times there we go no splitting that'll allow us to run the 3 8's on down there the way they did that 3 8's they I don't know it was a corn ball so like I said a lot of times I get away with just rounding the burrs back out I mean you're all going to stretch the copper anyway in there and that way we can make it flow down one thing crappy about these hillmore type benders like this you can split it real easily right there if you don't rotate it so that's only down side spin swedge didn't do that this one kind of does so you can see where it's right there that didn't rotate it enough so cut her off again just a hassle you wouldn't think you'd be splitting 3 8's unless you want to warm it up a little bit if you warm it up a little bit you can even do quarter no problem any of it you just warm it up a little bit it does great we'll show you here just put a little heat there on the side of it and then we'll stretch it don't even have to get a cherry red or not like that you can see the color change a little bit there you go now let's go in there and hit it shouldn't have a problem at all when you go around no backing up or nothing perfect no bends or no splits no nothing so now we can match that up which we fit right into and fit down into the one that we just made look at that look at them chocolate chip cookies yeah not not real friendly here you're going to burn up stuff you ain't careful they're barely holding it steady and getting things in there they were not thinking a damn bit when they did this cut all the way around looks like we pulled all the way down into it covered up that little piece where it burned it a little bit and looks like we got at least a quarter of an inch or at least a three sixteenths of an inch into the pocket on all edge corners if not better we already did that checker well we're going to pull vacuum and I'm going to go run another call at another location so I went ahead and back that out we're going to do a pressure test on it real quick spray all our fittings we'll do that to each one of these circuits not seeing anything on any of those so there's that there's that now when I get covered up I ain't worried about it just to you there it looks really good alright so I had to run another call and went ahead and put both hoses on both systems I've got the valve core depressor on there got my high sides closed I'm going to put my micro engage on there see where I'm at but what I'll do is I'll end up leave my hoses right up to it and then start pumping the refrigerant in that way I didn't have all the extra fittings and stuff to leak you can get away with that so anyhow that's where we're at so we're ready to get started here here are all my gauges here which they are totally out of whack 11 inches and 7 inches as you can see there's green dye in there you can see it in my gauges I'm not going to run that crap through my nice 557s kind of weird liquids blue boys thought of that as being the non-liquid side so what we're going to do is we'll go ahead and bleed up to the very end of the fitting and then we'll reattach it right on to the liquid there and that way we've got all the air out and then when I get it up to here literally we'll bleed it I ain't going to let the straighter depressor hit it alright so we're bled up to there and I got any air out of there let's go ahead and get this thing zeroed out and then we'll start dumping it in we've got everything hooked up we've got the top on I had a whirly bird around me so we've got some things done made sure that we're hooking on to the actual liquid side even though the gas even though the discharge side sometimes just as easy even though in theory your subcooling wouldn't be accurate but you could have a little drop through the coil they really don't want me on the inside because they did the floors over in the gymnasium area so we're going to jump it out here the fan is direct drive blower so there's no belts or anything like that the filters are clean I just changed those two months ago we're going to go ahead and get it running and see how it goes now we did reuse the refrigerant and I hate doing that it was decided that we should try to reuse it so I reused it when I had to flip it upside down to get the last bit of liquid out of it brown stuff comes out which is probably dirty oil from my recovery from long ago which I've never been a fan of reusing refrigerant if you want to play you got to pay that's my theory you're going to put that much money into a coil you should put a brand new refrigerant in it that's just the way I feel about it but so we've got it marked we got it the new coil marked on the inside there let's go ahead and kick it on and see what it does well it's five o'clock so that extra extra calls putting me behind now still waiting for second stage to kick on I have a bad well it did kick on finally it had a heck of a delay must be built into it so it's not running though is it the new gauges there they've got it they're looking decent are we on 410a on that nope it's r290 still so let's switch that over to 410a so we're running a 95 degree condenser and an 86 degree so that don't make sense okay so we're running a 102 degree condenser and a 46 degree evaporator 40 40 degree super heat if everything's accurate there which who knows still not seeing that other compressor run I don't know what's going on with that that's kind of disturbing so they're both working that's cold that's cold so one of these gauges aren't aren't working right something's wrong here we got some gauges closed what's going on here so it took my hoses off normally never stick them on the ground like that and it shows that pressure there's nothing in there oh yeah okay so now they're closed nothing so let's see if we can zero this thing out I don't know what in the world's going on with this this is this is screwy I don't know if they gave up the ghost or what yep a little bit of battery gets lost or loose and then it really loses itself this is why I didn't like these old ones okay now we're a little lower that's better go zero I trust you now oh blanked out there you go we've got it door off obviously head pressure can be high so we're running 415 and 440 135 135 so it's working at least reading now which is nice see what we got going on here now it does with the door on looking better now we're running 103 and 102 on the head pressure and 45 and 45 on the suction so they look pretty good there subcoilings running 9 on the 1 18 on the other super heat 16 on the 1 41 on the other and that probe I think I've got going bad it's constantly cutting out and losing connection yeah it's reading 86 degrees I don't seem accurate see if we can get that corrected it seems like they might be backwards they tend to do that sometimes that's the blue see it that's screwed up see it lost contact again that's the lower one that's the one that should be reading like that but it's not subcoilings looks to be right subcoilings not bad here 19 there it kind of scares me if it's going to start swinging yank the batteries out of it put it back in now we've got 11 subcoilings 22 super heat 16 super heat 19 degrees subcoilings so we're pretty much running about the same on both of them other than subcoilings being a little higher on one over the other I'm not horribly concerned about that super heat 16 and 22 I mean that's I'm happy with that we're not flooding back we're not super high tells me that the coil is feeding like it should see what we got going on in here see if we can yeah we're sweating good yep starting to sweat on both of them good good yep nothing's going to vibrate into each other make sure that's good I got that new sensor back there for the economizer let's take a look at the economizer see if it's blinking any funky codes hopefully it's not that was one of the other problems it had got some blanks there being constant blinking is probably okay I got to look at it here so we removed a little bit of refrigerant out of the one that had the high subcoilings now we're averaging right around the 9 area on subcoilings which is exactly what we got over here super heats running still 21-22 17 here so we're looking really good pressures are pretty darn close 325-330 129-133 so it was just a slight bit overcharged from what I could see there which I had to switch the bottles around and you can lose your placement I'm not really happy about it still moving but 410A has always been really goofball like that but it's been holding pretty steady now it's not climbing and dropping like it usually would which is usually a sign that I've always seen in the past overcharged it just basically with a micro channel coil that it's got that those just have no extra room for anything in it but like I said we got everything back together got this little rubber thing up here to help make it seal between the coil and the top in there but we're holding pretty steady now I mean it's swinging a little bit but that's why I don't like reusing the refrigerant alright so I took a better look at the controller there I misread it blank versus the other type of continuous blank either way the blanking's definition ended up being that it wasn't able to economize at this particular time if you guys enjoyed the video and you want to see more like it give it a thumbs up check me out on Instagram until next time guys have a great weekend until next time have a great week and until next time have a great week later


The study analyzed the content of 10 toxic elements in different tissues of loquat fruits from Fujian, China, using ICPMS and microwave digestion. Results showed that B, Al, and HG concentrations decreased with fruit maturity, while T, Az, Cd, Sb, and Pb toxicity shifted from seed and pulp to peel and leaves. Tin concentration increased in all tissues except seeds, while silver concentration only increased in fruit peel. Overall, the study found that the fruit pulp of loquat at full ripe stage was safe for human consumption. This article was authored by Muhammad Moaz Ali, Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan, Ahmed Fahithi Yousef, and others.