So, as you guys can see from this title slide, I believe in lots of change. So the next change, the next person to walk through this door, which just happened as I was speaking, look at that, four people. Turns out it's the perfect time to start telling you guys about stuff. So my name is Kevin O'Brien. I work for Kiva. I've worked there about three and a half years. Prior to that, I worked in higher ed. Some of you guys may know me from organizing a lot of higher ed meetups and some of the California higher ed stuff as well as the higher ed groups that came out of, I think, the San Francisco Drupalcon years back. I still love higher ed, but I think I found my calling and doing something a little more non-profit-y, worldwide-focused kind of stuff instead of local focus. So that's what I'm going to talk to you guys about today. I'm also super transparent, so if you have any question, you can do me ask me anything at the end. I have absolutely no qualms. If I get fired, then that means that we're not following our mission at Kiva to be transparent. And I'm sure Srikanth, my former colleague at SFSU there in the middle, he knows all about my transparency and how the bureaucracy there felt about it. Oh, also, if you've seen one of my prior presentations, there's been a lot of low-cats, and if you came for the low-cats, you're going to be a little disappointed this time. I'm not guaranteeing there's no low-cats, but there will be less, much, much less, because what I really want is everybody here to leave with a lot of inspiration from this talk. And I'm actually kind of glad that it's a little smaller group, not too bad size crowd, because it's easier to inspire a smaller group than it is to inspire a huge crowd, because it's easier to focus on the things that you guys can actually do to change the world. And I hope that if you don't have that feeling that you can go change the world today, that by the time the end of this talk rolls around, you're going to have that feeling that there is some small thing that you can do right now that will give you that inspiration and innovation to change the world. And on that note, they were going to send our president, Primal, here, but he insisted that we give everybody free Kiva cards if he was going to come. And I think they couldn't quite afford that for 3,000 people. So he sent me in instead, but I'm happy to inspire you. And I think I'll tell you more about Drupal than he would. The best he could tell you is that he was so, so excited for weeks on end when we switched from blogger and WordPress, boo-hoo, over to Drupal for our blog, because it actually allowed us to do commenting and get the conversation going that hadn't been happening on our blog post before. So he, if nothing else, was really excited about Drupal in his own way, even if he didn't really understand exactly what it meant. And he did lovingly bring this Drupalcon logo back for me sticker so I could fill up my laptop. All right, so that said, I don't know how all of you guys came to Drupal, but the way I came about it was back in 03 actually I was doing AmeriCorps in Boston and teaching kids how to make websites. And I had this inkling that there had to be a better way. I'm pretty sure we were doing front page to teach them and it was absolutely brutal, but they were still making websites out of it. So we were still accomplishing something. But I thought there has to be a better way to get people connected to putting content up on the web in an easier way. And since then there has been, but the solution I found in 2007 was Drupal when I was working for SF State. And it started all as a need for the internal IT department to make it so their content could be edited, which you would think nowadays is so simple. But back then they were doing flat HTML files on an FTP server. And I'm still convinced and tree con in the crowd there could probably tell you that there are still some sites at the university flat HTML files on an FTP server. But fortunately we moved the site over and this amazing thing happened. This sort of grounds well, some of the professor friends I knew there, one who became actually a seat on the Drupal Association Board for a little while, Samir Burma, they asked, can we also put our sites on Drupal? And two or three sites later, a lot of struggle. It started to gather this momentum until then it was basically, can we put the main functionality of the university on Drupal, the portal where the students come and do their transcripts and do their class schedules and all this stuff. Can we put that up there so that we can have all this functionality? And this is a place that has never had software that wasn't like gone through a procurement process that took two years. And it just kind of, it blew some people's minds. Some people couldn't handle it. And I think a few people actually quit when they realized that Drupal didn't have Java, ESR 1.5 specs for everything they wanted to do. But that was okay because we moved forward. And what was really important to me was we created this change of, from the ground up, people could come in and make their site be in Drupal and handle it themselves and not be reliant on IT anymore. And could dip their foot in this technological water and make their own change instead of relying on the bureaucracy bringing it down. And so for me, that was a very inspiring moment and ultimately something that left me inspired when I came to Kiva about three and a half years ago. And I had a friend at the university who was a volunteer translator for Kiva and told me all about it. And unfortunately, she passed on. But a wondrous thing happened where one day I got a note in my inbox from a friend there at Kiva that I'd kept in touch with over her memorial fund, which was doing loans, and said that there was a Drupal position open. So I thank Drupal for having brought me to Kiva and for getting to tell you today about how we're using it to do some really interesting things there out in the world, one small loan at a time, one small change of the line. And these small incremental improvements to solve these big problems. And I know some of you guys out there are probably facing that. They're problems, they're big, they're hard. And I want you to break those problems down like we have into, can we solve world poverty? I believe so, can we solve it today? No, can we solve one person's problem in poverty today? Yes, probably. And that's what I'm gonna move on to about thinking about how every one person can get involved. Perhaps the most well-known person here that could get involved being Dries, who as it just so happens has been a lender on Kiva for about three years as well. And our lovely benevolent dictator has actually done 73 loans. So he's at least put in a pretty good deal of money in it. So I'd like to think that he believes in it. I haven't talked to him yet about it, but I'm pretty sure with that amount of investment that he's got something going there. And there's other folks, Arnold Schwarzenegger, some big talk show hosts. They've written in and told us about how they have found the Kiva experience and started making loans on it. And I'll tell you more about how that works, but I just after this morning's keynote where we were talking about big companies and how they're changing Drupal, I wanted to get back to that idea of us individuals changing Drupal. Because for me, that's what the Drupal community is about. And that's what Kiva is about, is individuals making loans and changing the world and being empowered. And even at Kiva, we've had this debate of big companies coming in and sort of providing a lot of capital for us to go do big projects and make change. One, HP actually, which has done this huge promotion over the last, I guess, three months or so. In fact, they almost brought our website down this morning when 6,000 of them came rushing to the site all at 8.30 after about 10,000 people got an email. I seem to make a loan. We barely survived, a bots scraper was also hitting us from China that was making it a kind of iffy situation, which made my distraction from the keynote a little bit. But what I caught on there was big companies making change. And what I was thinking was, some people like Larry Garfield were tweeting about maybe the negative of that. And I think it's a neutral thing. They can help us in some ways. They can hinder us if they lose that individualism of how we can make change. And I have one quote though from somebody at HP that made a loan with us and totally changed my perspective about sort of the individuals getting involved from something like that. We had a blog post on the Drupal blog about the office dog. We have dogs in the office, which is amazing.  But they said Otis is adorable and he's going to be a household name as I share the HP and Kiva updates with my family and beloved four-legged companion Frodo. Thank Kiva and HP for all you're doing. Triple exclamation mark. So when somebody uses three exclamation marks, I feel like they're pretty excited about what's happening there. And that gets to the heart of what all this is about is crowdsourcing. And now you might not be able to read all that, but you can basically tell Kiva and Drupal have something pretty in common, right? We're crowdsourcing all these changes, whether it's code changes, documentation changes, putting groups together, putting Drupal cons and bad camps and other things together, or on Kiva where we're either directly making loans to people out in the world or we are working with partners out in the world to make those loans. And essentially what we're providing in both cases is a connection to this community to make that change. I think we've both experienced sort of the growth where Drupal and Kiva are both approximately 10 plus years old now and have been able to expand out across the world. I think there was a question this morning, the key note about work in China and various places like that. We've luckily were able to work in India now as of maybe about a year and a half ago, but the challenge is there. There's so many challenges, legal, logistical, that are hard to overcome. But what excites me is it seems like almost every morning I wake up and come to Kiva and we're in a new country. Just yesterday we were posting loans in Vanuatu. I knew I would mess up the name, but just to take this place out in the middle of nowhere with somebody that you would probably never get a chance in the world to meet is telling their story, telling how they're going to use this loan to provide solar power for their household so that they can make some incremental change in their life for the better. And it's not going to get them out of poverty right away, but this loan is going to make their life that much better of being able to charge their cell phone, being able to provide light at night. And that's how I think of commits with Drupal, with modules and all this. It's incremental changes to make all of our lives easier of putting content out there up on the web and providing us with that connection, whether it's the Drupal groups that I hope all of you are a part of and if you're not, you should definitely join one unless you find me too overly exciting then don't join the San Francisco group because I think I'm still a moderator on it. And on Kiva, if you're not already on there, obviously I recommend you become a lender on Kiva. It's very easy. You can sign up, you don't even have to make a loan, but I would really insist you do. But what's really interesting is the people that have signed up and joined a team have made three times as many loans as those who have just joined Kiva and not got connected to other people. So this really showed that this connection amongst people is like this thing that just catalyzes people to act, right? And to me, this connection goes deeper because I actually met the people who did a study that found that people make three X more loans on Kiva this way was at the University of Michigan. And the way we got connected to them was that Daniel Zoo, who does the recommender module for Drupal, back at the San Francisco Drupal con in 2011 was giving a birds of a feather about how to use this. And then we started chatting and it turned out that his professor was considering doing a research study on Kiva for these loans. And since we try and put as much of the loan data up as possible without violating people's privacy on our API, so you can just pull it all down, they were able to do this and create a scientific research paper showing the effects of this team and social connection and how one message could just drive a whole bunch of people that hadn't previously just left money in their account to come up and lend it out again. My favorite of that is of course the Flying Spaghetti Monster team. If you're not familiar with the Flying Spaghetti Monster, I'm sad that he hasn't entered joyfully into your life but somebody will post up a loan that has noodles for sell on it and then all of a sudden people will swarm in and all go fund it. And it's just a great thing. And along with Pirate Talk, if you like Pirate Talk, you should join that group. And not only that, we also have found partners through Drupal. There was one that got sent out with the Drupal Association newsletter in Kenya just a couple months ago and I emailed them and I said, hey, you guys are using Drupal. It looks like you're doing some of the work that we usually do. Would you like to partner with us? And they were like, yes, absolutely. This is exactly what we need is some Kiva Capital. So we're working on talking to them about becoming an experimental partner. So it's just, the more I delved into this, the more and more I saw the connection not just between individuals out there but between Drupal and Kiva and how it's trying to create this same goal and this same impact. Speaking of impact, oops, there we go. So again, maybe you might not be able to see everything on this chart, but you can see the Drupal team on Kiva has lent out greater than 20,000. You can see all the countries that they've lent to. And I like to think of that as, this change is like the issue queue, right? It's sort of insurmountable to think of there's probably 5,000 loans on the site right now. I think we'll make 150,000 or probably 20,000 loans this year through Kiva. And you look at the bug queue and you see thousands upon thousands of these as well. And you think, can I really make change by just doing one small thing? And I mean, at first it seems like that's not possible, especially if you read through some of the issues. I had one, I think there was an accessibility bug on Core that ended up being 315 posts long. And it seemed like something was never gonna change there, but eventually that change got into a D8 patch and things worked out. And I think that's the same thing with lending on Kiva is you're making these small changes and you're looking for that locality, that city, that country to start seeing improvements. And you have to wait for the research to come along and show you that that's happening. So it can be slow and frustrating sometimes, but when it does happen and when you do see those reports, you're overwhelmed or at least I am overwhelmed by all the awesome that's happening out in the world, whether it's one of our partners that's giving an education loan to a kid that otherwise wouldn't be able to go to school or providing clean water hand washing stations to people that otherwise don't have access to clean water, all these innovative things that I wouldn't even thought we'd gotten loans out for. When originally I just came to Kiva and thought it was for farm loans and people, the typical starting your business of like a food vendor and whatnot. And there's many more than I could possibly ever describe to you, uh-oh, and no, I don't have a meeting right now hopefully. So onto where thinking of that being out there in the world, there are, as you can see, a definite similarity between all these drooplers out there having their meetups and all these Kiva loans where they're available. And I don't wanna dwell too much on it. Obviously you can see we're across the world and some places we're not, but we're working on being. But just to give you that sense of being out there and in place, like as you can see here, it's a little hard to see in this green and blue slide, but the blue dots are lenders on Kiva and there's yellow dots that are hard to see, but those are the borrowers. And the green lines are this connection from the lenders to the borrowers where we've shown how that money is flowing from the places that has it to the places that don't. And there's actually up here a single loan to somebody in Austin. So just to think that there really are loans happening everywhere. This one is maybe not what you would consider your typical loan because I'll show you some later. You might be thinking of a woman in Mongolia running her greenhouse or a woman in Uganda selling fish, which is how a lot of our loans are, but there's also small businesses right here in Austin, Texas that are in need of capital to get going to fulfill their dream, like Christina with her bus stop shop to sell antiques and somebody that otherwise through the banking system could not get access to the capital to start their business, right? So instead they turn to you, the crowd, and ask that if you guys believe in them to put $25 in or even put $5 in to fund them directly. And that's also one of the differences of how Kiva originally started versus where Kiva's moving towards now. And I think in some ways, how Drupal's starting to go as well is we originally needed lots of partners across the world and still do and have, I think, approximately 340 partners right now across 75 countries. And this is what allows us to go out and to say rural Mexico, somebody drives four hours on a dirt road to a little village and makes a $500 loan to somebody that otherwise wouldn't have the money to buy the materials they need to fix up their house so that the rainwater isn't leaking in every night. So it's definitely those kind of loans. That story is true across, you know, same thing in a hut in Vietnam, three hours outside of the capital or when I was in Mongolia and we took a two-hour ride through the sort of sections of gur surrounding the main part of the capital. But it's also here directly in the US. You don't have to go to all those places to see this. But those partners are what allowed us to do that out here and here in the US we're directly connecting people one-on-one. So when you go fund a loan, once it's been funded, it's going directly into that person's PayPal account and they can move on to going and buying the things they need to get their business going. What's really interesting is Kenya is actually ahead of us on this, the loans we're doing there directly to people, we're using M-Pesa, which is a cell phone payment system. Some of you may know it, some of you may not, but you can basically use SMS messages to send money back and forth to people. And this is one of the predominant ways that people are actually transacting in Kenya and in some various other Sub-Saharan African countries. And we try, we would love to do that in the US too, but I feel like the US is actually behind. We didn't have as many people with apps and other cell phone stuff to do this. So it was really interesting to see them leap ahead and make it so that we could have a farmer out in rural Uganda receive an SMS, your loan has been funded, here's the credits on your phone directly. They can just go right to their local vendor, exchange that out for money or exchange that out for goods and services. And the whole thing has happened, directly after somebody back probably in the US or in Europe has put that last $25 in to fund their loan. It's this amazing thing that's happening. And so that's about maybe 5% of our loan capital now versus 95% is still with partners. But what's happened is we've moved towards smaller partners, experimentals, letting people have these small credit lines up to individuals and trusting the individuals to do it without needing the partners in places that they're not required. And I think that that can be true of Drupal as well with all the partners out there that are making Drupal happen. Like we were talking about this morning when I think the question was, what about all the small businesses and stuff connecting people? I think these are really important components, but I think the focus was too much on the big companies. What's really about is all of you and all the individuals that are out there making change. So that's enough about Kenya, Kickinger, but on cell phone payments. Drupal loan, this is, I don't know that you guys could get as excited about this as I was, but one day we had a guy come in who had a company called Collaborative Benefit. And he was working with a group called The Last Mile, which is a group for ex-convicts to enter back into the workforce. And they basically were providing training, support, et cetera, but they needed capital to help people start businesses to get back into the workforce because a lot of ex-convicts are actually, it's very hard to get hired. There's a lot of mistrust. And this was such a great way to say, there are people out there that believe in you, they're gonna put their money into a loan for you and show that even if the banks and corporations don't believe that you can do this, people, individuals do. And their loans got funded and their loans got paid back and their businesses went well. And with Tulio's particular business, he actually wanted to further expand this job network. So he set up a job marketplace for ex-cons and he used the money to train himself on using Drupal so that he could build that website and get that going. And that's where I like to think that there's so much that we can reach out there and thinking about reach. Oh, sorry, I guess there's a little trouble with that slide. But the idea is just like Drupal is serving up 6% of websites or so right now. Depends on your methodology. But there's so many more websites out there that we could be serving up that we could be connecting people, content creators to this wonderful product. And it's the same way with microfinance. There's about 6% that are being reached of the total that are unbanked in the world. So if you imagine approximately 2.5 billion people that don't have a bank account, don't have access to normal functions like loans and stuff that you and I often have access to, microfinance is only providing about 150 million people with that access as it currently stands. And Kiva is only 1.3 million or so with those of that total microfinance pie. And there's a lot of different players in there and there's four profits and non-profits and NGOs and all kinds of people that are trying to get people connected. But you can just see there's just such a, such more connection that needs to happen to get all these people involved. But that's why I'm hoping to inspire you guys to either get involved with Kiva or think about how in your space whatever problem you're trying to solve, there's probably so many people that don't have any idea that there's something like this, there's something like Drupal, there's something like Kiva, there's something out there that can solve their problem and they're just waiting to get connected to those people that will solve their problems. And it's also interesting that it's this, just the website, right? It's ultimately we're reaching people through just the website, just the front end to get people this way. It's 30% of that I think is running on Drupal now, but the amount of work that goes into putting that website together of all the people, all of our staff that are traveling out across the world, all of our volunteers that are going and living in say Chile or Bolivia or wherever, living and working with the partners, going and visiting borrowers, that's, it begins to build into this idea that it's all interconnected and Drupal is the same way, right? As you guys have seen, it's not just the website when you build with Drupal, it's a community, it's modules, it's themes, it's all these things that need to come together to create something wonderful and that's kind of why need all of you people to join Kiva Make Loans if you haven't because that's what's enabling all these pieces to come together that and just supporting non-profits like Kiva and not just Kiva, another one that I love, Mercy Corps actually did a wonderful presentation on using Drupal I think it was two years ago at a DrupalCon and you can just see that inspiration happening among these non-profit workers as well and Drupal for Good Boffs and all this, it's so often that tool that lets you, that you've chosen to do these things and so choice here, I just love this unicorn rainbow of loan that our QA person put up the other day and I had to throw that guy up there but much like you get to choose the modules that use to build your site, you get to choose the borrowers on Kiva, this free marketplace where it's all about whose story you want to support and I think something like, it's hard to say, some of our loans get pre-supported through the partners so we're just backfilling that loan, a large percentage are not going to happen if people don't fund them and then especially those peer-to-peer loans I was talking about, absolutely won't happen if people don't fund them and so it's good in the sense that you get this choice to go see a loan on its merits and say, this person is obviously doing something good for their life, I want to support them or there's maybe sometimes like I saw a loan one time there was a retired general in Tanzania who was asking for a loan for a plasma TV and it was this great debate that happened within Kiva of like, is that a loan that we should really be supporting? Like, is that helping this guy get out of poverty? Is it just a consumption loan? And ultimately the loan expired, people didn't fund it and I was very happy with that I think the people that posted it maybe weren't quite as happy but it was a important showing that choice is what matters here and it's the same thing with Drupal when I created my first module, saved to FTP it was just scratching my own itch but I wanted to share that with the Drupal community it was again dealing with we had flat HTML files on a FTP server and dealing with this mentality that oh we can't put everything at Drupal we don't understand it yet we'd like to still do like have our HTML site but you guys could edit your content in Drupal so we put together this idea that okay well we'll do that and we'll just ship it out and so I created this module saved to FTP which went up on the Drupal site and I remember there was I got flacked from some community member who was running through modules and like this is too similar to XYZ module and it turned out it actually wasn't he just misunderstood but it was one of those things where a bunch of people came in and was like no actually like this solves my need I need this as well and the module got a stand and it stands in that free marketplace of Drupal modules out there and I don't know I think I have four or five now very minor modules delete all and some others but it's so awesome to see that process of things that are good float to the top and for Kiva it's that same way those loans that are good float right up to the top get funded right away and those borrowers can come back knowing that being confident that they're gonna get funded again if they need another loan later on or a loan after that and they're making progress in their life so that's now why I wanna talk to you about progress in the Drupal space for us get a little technical here so if you're non-technical oriented you can feel free to close your ears but it's also still an interesting story this is why I said not just seven dot X they only gave you the choice seven dot X eight dot X or nine dot X for your talk to be about low and behold Kiva's actually still using five dot X in a certain case I imagine somebody out there is also using five dot X or six dot X any of you guys not on seven yet using something older than seven you can raise it yeah yeah all right I'm not alone right but we are moving or we have moved a bunch of it to seven but what was really interesting was why was it so difficult to move to seven because people were so happy with this Drupal five instance that it was solving their needs and on the back end I mean my sole job for quite some time was maintaining and fixing up this Drupal five instance and I couldn't understand when I actually met the volunteers that were using it they were like oh yeah this software is so great there's nothing out there I've used like it like it just easy it works I can go in and I can do my function and it just makes me happy and I'm like really cause like it's five year old code and CCK is breaking all over the place because it can't handle this array that's now got hundreds of thousands of items in it and I'm like no no we really like this we don't understand what you just said but we really like this and it is true that it's held up well over time of course originally chapter three I think actually built it for us but it was subcontracted out way way back before I came and I believe there was some consternation there over getting the final product but we ended up with this great platform and also what it did like at SFSU of moving stuff to Drupal is it took people out of email and spreadsheets of how they were solving this problem before we were posting loans up in five languages and we needed to put them in English so people could actually read the story get connected to the person they were funding but there was no way you could expand that out like we'd have to hire 20 people to be able to do that full time staff right so we created this volunteer network and this volunteer network uses this tool to come in look at the loan and just go in and use the internationalization functions of Drupal to change the loan use description into English change the body into English and then also check to make sure that like everything's meaning our guidelines like we don't want borrower's last names or direct locations in because you don't as much as it's awesome in their businesses are awesome if you can imagine it's like if you said where Dries is gonna be tomorrow at a certain time you'd probably have 40 people rushing him trying to get their question right and if our borrower's trying to do a business we don't want people rush you know lenders going and be like hey you know it's great I let you loan there's a great connection and often our partners will set up times for people to come visit but it's all like you know set up ahead of time so somebody's business doesn't get overrun by over overjoyous people although it has happened on occasion I think usually the borrower's have been pretty happy there's lots of smiles and connected photos and there's even a book out there if you ever want another inspiring story it's called The Bank of Bob and there's this guy Bob who traveled the world visiting Kiva borrower's with a very intentional plan to do so and to write a book about it and he talks about that connection that gets created from all those loans that he's done and he's also formed a team that's become one of the biggest teams on Kiva and has done I think over $3 million in loans now it's something pretty incredible but this is all you know Drupal is what enabled this Drupal is what took this out of spreadsheets Drupal is what took this from them somehow managing to do 300 loans a month that way to now doing 15,000 loans a month running through this system and then with the new Drupal 7 doing it in context using services which was really intriguing to me again in the keynote this morning I was talking about Drupal moving forward to using services and RESTful APIs and stuff where you're using Drupal as a framework and as a back end but not necessarily as your theme layer your viewing layer and that's actually already what we're doing at Kiva and what I think is really cool is leveraging the existing services API module serving up the content that way pulling it from the API directly into the space on the website where it needs to be and allowing our content editors and our translators to go in and directly edit that right in place right where it's eventually gonna end up on the site and it's so much easier for them and so much easier for us than trying to build a system that looks almost the same in Drupal and pulling your hair out with theme render functions sometime in the middle of the night not that I've ever done that so yeah I'm excited about this move I'm really excited about Drupal 8 and its internationalization functions that are gonna make this even easier than it already is but if you guys are struggling with that same problem of people who tell you well this Drupal thing I don't understand or it's gonna be a different system or consider that you could actually go ahead and make that leap to using services and doing everything in place like we're doing here and the volunteers love it cause it's just they wanna see the loan as it's gonna be so that they can know they're making it perfect for you as the lender to come in and see exactly that person's story as they want it to be presented but we're also doing your normal Drupal stuff we're serving up I think almost all of our sort of static content stuff is now run through our D7 instance but we're also doing something neat of campaigns now this used to take a couple engineers maybe a month to go set all the things up on the back end so that we could have a campaign for say a Los Angeles launch or this Kiva City Detroit or working with a new partner like Camfed which side note Camfed is so amazing I was just reading their stories on our blog last night and they were talking about how they not only do they give educational loans but they like go so far above and beyond there was a little boy that stopped showing up to class and they talked about all the teachers wanted to figure out why he wasn't showing up to class they had done this educational loan they were trying to change his life and they went and talked to the father and he said well we have a farm we have to run he needs to do his chores so instead of just like leaving it at that they said okay we're gonna send a bunch of the kids to go over to his house every day help do the chores and then they can all come back to class after the chores are done so that everybody can get an education and it was just like this amazing going above and beyond thing and that's how I feel about the Drupal community as well it's like constantly going above and beyond to make everything better and that's what we're doing here is we made everything putting all these up better by using Drupal by letting them put all that in the back end what loans do, et cetera et cetera and we get this nice page of the campaign on the front end and someday I hope like Mercy Corps showed in their presentation they let people create their own fundraising campaigns I really wanna use Drupal to make that happen and I think some of the people at Kiva would as well it's gonna take a little work but I'm hoping sometime we can do that because it's not just about what we at Kiva can figure out what will inspire you but it's also about what you're already inspired by and drawing other people into that and then just something else neat so I mentioned that we're serving up a lot of our static content on Drupal this is the case here on our About page this is one of the first tasks actually at Kiva as a software engineer when you came three or four years ago was you were supposed to go make a commit to change the code for the team page to add your bio so whoops, Drupal got rid of that because then you could just go edit the page and you didn't have to wait two weeks for your bio to show up when the next release of the website happened but this is being served up and this is actually, this particular page is coming through the services API and as soon as a change happens in Drupal we do a call back to the website and say clear the cache which is in MIMCache show the latest version if for some reason it doesn't or somebody feels like there's something on the back end that still needs to be cleared there's a clear clash link on the top right there for people who are admins as well as a notice to them showing them where that content is coming from and it's just, it's so drastically improved the workflows at Kiva for people to be able to go in and change things I mean it's kind of odd to think about because you figure everybody's doing editing content in a CMS these days but it was just three years ago everything was in code and hopefully that's inspirational to anybody that still needs to go through that migration process of getting into a CMS like Drupal it's definitely doable and not impossible and there's ways like this to make it less onerous on your content editors and creators and it actually, one of the great things too about some of this stuff like using the services API that came out of our innovation iteration at Kiva I don't know about the companies you guys work for but one of the companies you may be aware of Google has a 20% time or at least they used to I know some engineers there that feel like they're not getting that anymore and they would get to spend this time to work on whatever they thought would be useful for Google Kiva has an innovation iteration where they're doing this as well but we get a full two weeks to build basically anything will be valuable to Kiva and we've done all kinds of amazing things like save search and Kiva Live and Kiva Social that's come out of this and I might show you a video if we get a chance of something like that that's happened but definitely this room for innovation is was perfect for bringing something like Drupal in and of course internationalized content which I just wanted to give a brief showing that we're using that for doing that not just for translating loans but also for our content here you can see the French on this side and the English on the other and how our content editors are able to easily do that with Drupal's tools and using the services API again along with the custom module that I wrote that I think I put a patch in for up on Drupal.org but if not I should which is using services token to make all those calls authenticated so that you can pull those via the services API without having to rely on passwords and all that. So that's a lot of stuff but as we're drawing to time coming up I wanna talk about the ways that you guys can contribute and the ways not just to contribute to Kiva but to contribute to all the things out there that could be world changing. Kiva does have a Drupal module of course some shout outs to David Moore, Crooked Number and Quicksil, Steve Dykman that put together this Kiva module originally and I helped come in and did some patches for them and whatnot but it's mainly a community driven effort to make it so you can take your Kiva loans using the API, display them out on your website and that's here that down at the bottom this all these build tools we have but this is also what's allowed universities to do research and other such things and there's so many, so many things that I could ask to contribute in that area people often come up to me and say oh I love Kiva, I code, how can I help you guys and I say you know what? Actually what I really could use is already out there in the issue queues there's a Corebug and Drupal 7 for XYZ could you just go work on something that will benefit everybody cause it's also gonna benefit us or the web form module if anybody's feeling really inspired anonymous submissions we do a whole bunch of our sort of pulling in content like new partner applications and whatnot from using web forms because that's what web form is good at but being able to save submissions especially if you are out say in rural Uganda and you have the crappiest internet connection ever and you have rolling blackouts and you're filling out this long web form and you click submit and then all of a sudden the power goes out and you're like ah, 30 minutes of work filling all that out I wish I could have just saved that but we also haven't gotten them to the ability to force them through the registration flow because it can be really confusing it's all that's not translated yet we wanna make it as easy as possible to partner with people so it's anonymous saving of the web form would be great and there's a patch out there for that and I've tried to read I've done a little review or maybe a poster or two in that queue but it's a queue that's another one that's like a hundred issues long and anybody that has a little bit of Drupal Chops could go do that or even if you didn't if you're just a documentation person going and documenting the various web form stuff going and just triaging issue queues all this is super helpful and that's not just Drupal too CVCRM with the Drupal backend all this stuff of course you can contribute money both directly to Kiva and to putting loans in this is actually our support center which is built out completely in Drupal it was a great project it was I think it ended up being 82 tickets over two weeks and sleepless nights at least five of those but Drupal was what allowed something like this to happen very quickly and easily and now anytime we have somebody that we want to show off is supporting us or whatever people just go in and easily add that and edit it contributing time you can become a Kiva fellows this is another like I was saying web form this is where we're asking fellows to sign up and join us and volunteer and say go work for us in Kenya staying with our partner Jehudi Kilmo helping them to post loans up on the site or stuff like that we have hundreds of those volunteers spread out across the world at any one time and Drupal of course is helping us to manage that but that's something if you're interested I'd love to give you more info about how you can contribute but ultimately what I want you to take away is this is all about stories it's all about people and it's not just about Kiva it's about changing the world to be a better place unless you were Krell this morning and you were I think he's Lord of over engineering which was changing the world I think in a negative way but most of you hopefully want to change the world for a good and there's lots of ways to do that Kiva or not and what it will end up providing for you is wonderful stories like this guy Fatah who says in his thing here he has been photographed with his cat who he adores dearly and the background the rundown building you see it's a so-called house he's been living on his own for a very long time since after his divorce his neighbor who considers him a father figure has been taking care of him cleaning up his place cooking and doing the laundry for him all at no expense but he's been working as a loader forever even today at his age here's what he said to the loan officer when he took the photograph of him by petting my cat all my exhaustion goes away I love her I share my food with her she sleeps right by my foot in my bed and waits at the porch for me to return home and it's it's you read this and you know I promised you wouldn't have any wool cats you did get a real cat but you get really inspired because it's there's all these people out there that are getting connected in this way and it's not just borrowers it's lenders I talked to a woman in rural Australia who was 65 felt like she wasn't sort of connected to her children anymore just didn't have a lot of connection in the world got on Kiva joined a lending team started making loans started getting involved with other people and now she said she wakes up every day and checks her team messages and is is like that's one of her most exciting pieces of the day is going and seeing these loans that pop up the new ones the new countries getting other people inspired and getting connected and I never even want to thought you know that we could connect the the lenders as well and be inspiring them in this way but I I'll sort of leave you with the quote of I think primal our president and co-founder certainly has thought of that and he says here if I see the masses I won't act if I see the one I will and I I hope you take that away that it's not about great overwhelming change it's about small incremental change find that one thing that you can change you know out there in the world in your life in your company it doesn't matter find that one small thing you can change change it and you made the world a slightly better place for everyone involved and that's going to build up to eventually solve those great goals that we have so with that I leave you a lovely borrower from Kyrgyzstan who I feel if you're out in poverty in the middle of nowhere making hardly any money and you're holding a goat in your arms if you can still have a smile like that then I feel like we can as well and with that I will leave you guys open for questions or if you were just so blown away by this as I see by your faces then you're free to just take a moment and and breathe that in so you mentioned that you went from is this on yeah from blogger to with WordPress to Drupal at least for the content side of Kiva why what did WordPress not do that Drupal was allowing you to do so that's actually a good question in the sense of one thing I didn't talk about one thing that a lot of vendors want to provide us with a lot of solutions too and that WordPress couldn't do well at the time though somebody may have developed a solution for this is the Drupal OAuth module is actually really great and we have on Kiva an OAuth provider to allow for single sign-on so even if you don't know what OAuth is you might can get the the idea Google has single sign-on to other websites as well Kiva has that ability and Drupal's OAuth module with just a little bit of customization for our side made it so that we could just single-handedly somebody could log into Kiva and they would already be logged into the CMS as well and then could go post their blog post and or make their comment with their Kiva lender identity tied to that and that wasn't easily doable at all with WordPress among with that there was a lot of small annoyances and things that we couldn't the theming was more difficult I think for people they never got it to look quite right it looked like it was from the 90s etc etc down the line but that one thing was really what drove us moving that over and then blogger you just simply couldn't do comments at all and there was I think even for places where like with WordPress we could there was huge amounts of spam and Drupal actually not right out of the box but with a couple modules combined together like the spam module the Project Honeypot and a couple others has made it so we have about 400,000 blocked comments and about 3,000 published comments which was otherwise would have just drowned our real commentary and conversation and all that spam one more question so I noticed that you have like zip.kiva build.kiva and even on kiva.org there's some content which is not being served by Drupal so what is the I guess the roadmap for Kiva to continue to I guess integrate more with Drupal are you going to replace any of those existing apps with Drupal sure that's a fair question the zip.kiva actually runs on Ruby on Rails believe it or not and most of the Kiva's running on a PHP code base which has allowed us to pretty easily transfer a lot of that into Drupal in the first place I think it was originally kind of on the Zen framework and there's also some cake PHP stuff in there for the build site it's basically been a very problem area focus move when something hits a wall and somebody can't move something over or can't like write some customer quickly to solve the problem then that's usually where we say hey is this problem already solved in Drupal okay great we're gonna move this piece over and put it in Drupal now like when the photo gallery came up or press quotes or various things like that it wasn't so much a big concerted effort of let's move everything to Drupal it was hey it's there it works this thing that we're currently doing doesn't work and it's going to take a bunch of time Drupal solves this problem let's use it thank you sure thing anybody else don't be shy or it's okay to be shy too oh yes in the back you want to come to microphones all right if you have users in different countries did you have any considerations about like bandwidth or access or any sort of like performance yeah absolutely it's a it's a constant battle one thing that we use was a tool called Charles Proxy which you can actually use to turn down your bandwidth so you can mimic what the connection is like for your person say out there in rural Uganda who's on a dial-up connection and we use that pretty extensively to figure out that all this was working we also used a lot of tools of cat like we use memcache varnish bunch of stuff on the back end most important was that we're pulling this content via services API sticking into memcache so it's only loading once after it's loaded once everybody else is just pulling that cache version so it's very very fast for them but we still have problems of of of getting people from these various places connected and problems with like internationalizing for them so that they can read it in their own language rather than trying to have somebody hired who can read English and surprisingly Drupal actually solves that problem really well what doesn't solve that problem is actually laws about how you can work in various countries and so we've done it in some places but sometimes for localizing to certain countries just due to the international laws that's actually what prevents us whereas Drupal it's like oh sure whenever they ask I'm like yeah we can just turn on various things in internationalization module get our content editors translating and boom we're done sure thing


Hello and welcome to the session. The given question says find the angle between the vectors A vector plus B vector and vector A minus vector B. If vector A is equal to 2i cap minus j cap plus 3k cap and vector B is equal to 3i cap plus j cap minus 2k cap. Let's start with the solution and here we are given 2 vectors A and B and vector A is equal to 2i cap minus j cap plus 3k cap and vector B is equal to 3i cap plus j cap minus 2k cap. First let us find the sum of both these vectors that is vector A plus vector B. This is equal to 5i cap plus 0j cap plus 1k cap and now let us find the difference that is A vector minus B vector. So this gives minus i cap minus 2j cap plus 5k cap. Let us denote the sum of both these vectors by vector x and A vector minus B vector as vector y. Now first let us learn that the angle between two vectors x and y is given by cos theta is equal to dot product of vectors x and y divided by the product of their magnitudes or theta is equal to cos inverse of dot product of vectors x and y divided by the product of their magnitudes. So here first let us find the dot product of vectors x and y. So this is equal to 5 into minus 1 plus 0 into minus 2 plus 1 into 5 that is multiplying the coefficients of i cap, j cap and k cap and then adding the sketch minus 5 plus 0 plus 5 which is equal to 0. Now let us find the magnitude of vector x it is equal to root over 5 square plus 0 square plus 1 square. So this is equal to root over 25 plus 1 which is equal to root over 26 and now let us find the magnitude of vector y this is equal to 1 square minus 1 square gives 1 square plus minus of 2 whole square plus 5 square and this is equal to root over 1 plus 4 plus 25 which is equal to root over 30 and thus cos theta is equal to dot product of vectors x and y divided by their magnitudes. So this is equal to 0 divided by root over 26 into root over 30 which is equal to 0. Therefore we have cos theta is equal to 0 or theta is equal to cos inverse 0 and cos is 0 at pi by 2 so theta is equal to pi by 2. Therefore angle between the vectors x and y or vector a plus vector b and vector a minus vector b is pi by 2 that is both the vectors are perpendicular to each other. So this completes the session by


Welcome to the Control-M Calendars video. In this video, you will learn about three types of calendars. Regular, periodic, and rule-based calendars. And we'll learn how to create them. To create or manage calendars from the Tools domain, click Calendars. First we'll talk about a regular calendar. Let's click New, and then select Regular. You can use a regular calendar to schedule jobs or folders based on the days of the month or days of the week. For example, you can create a calendar for weekdays or weekend days. We'll create a calendar for weekdays. First we'll give the calendar a name. Make sure you enter the name correctly as you cannot edit the name at a later time. Then select the relevant server. Note that all applies to both distributed and mainframe servers. A quick way to select all weekdays is to click Recurrence. In the weekdays area, select the checkbox for all days, and then remove Saturday and Sunday. You can apply this to the current year or multiple years. Note that you can use a regular calendar and select additional scheduling properties to further control the scheduling of a job. A regular calendar is also helpful if you have many specific dates that you want to schedule. For example, if you want to run a job every five days in a month, you create the calendar using the same method. Create a new calendar, enter the name, and select the Control M server. Click Recurrence, and in the monthdays area, select the relevant days. Apply the monthdays to the relevant years. Now we can click OK to save the calendar. With all calendars, you see a preview of the calendar in the right pane. When you have finished creating a calendar, you need to check it in so that it's available when you schedule jobs. During check-in, the calendar is synchronized with the server. We'll check in the weekdays calendar, too. Next, let's talk about periodic calendars. You can use a periodic calendar to schedule jobs that should run according to time periods other than months and days. For example, on a quarterly basis, every other week, or even every other day, creating a periodic calendar is similar to creating a regular calendar. Let's click New and select Periodic. For periodic calendars, there's an additional field, Periods. Notice that the A period is selected by default, so you can begin selecting the days or dates for the first period in the calendar. For a quarterly calendar, you would select January, February, and March. Notice that all the dates now have an A in front of them. For the next period, click B and then select the next three months, and so forth. If you have made a mistake, you can start over by clicking Clear Year. To create a periodic calendar for every other week, you would use the same method. Note that you can go back to a period and make changes or additions to the period. If you want to select a date that should apply to all periods, click More to reveal all the periods, click the Asterix, and then select the date that you want. When you are finished, if you want to copy the calendar to another year, click Copy Year and select the years that you want. Click OK to save the calendar and then check in the calendar. Last, let's look at the rule-based calendar. Notice that in this dialog box, instead of seeing all the dates in one year, the options you see are the same ones that you see in the Scheduling tab of the Job Properties. Rule-based calendars can be used for numerous scheduling scenarios. For rule-based calendars, the schedule that you select is not related to a specific year, meaning that the job will run according to this calendar until you change the scheduling for the job. We'll create a calendar to run jobs on the last three days of each month. We'll give the calendar a name, and again make sure the correct Control-M server is selected. In the Schedule drop-down list, we'll choose Month Days. By default, Days of Month is selected. We'll click None to clear all the days and then click the last three days. Let's click View Schedule to check our selection. You can see that the last three days in every month is selected, except for February and in some months only two days are selected. To make sure that the last three days are selected for all months, we will choose Days from End of Month instead, and then click Minus 1, Minus 2, and Minus 3. Now we see that we get the result that we wanted. We'll click OK to add the calendar and check it in. Now you have learned about the three types of calendars you can create and use when scheduling jobs. Thank you for watching this video.


This study found that nebulized dexmitutamidine 2G-KG provided better sedation than nebulized ketamine 2 mg per kilogram in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia. It also showed that dexmitutamidine provided better parental separation anxiety and mask acceptance scores as well as a similar emergence agitation profile and fewer adverse effects. This article was authored by Gita Singaria, Nemetimalhotra, Manoj Kamal, and others.