Thank you very much. And I should start by thanking Steve. Thanks very much for the opportunity to speak here today. When I accepted your invitation last year, I did so based on hope that I would have something to say. We just started the group last year. But I'm glad to say that thanks to the dedicated effort of a really great team of co-workers, we actually have things to talk about today. So my group is a synthetic chemistry group. We make new materials. And the theme behind our work is to make hybrid materials that have molecules as a part, so integrated at the atomic level with extended solids. And the reasoning behind this is quite simple. Solution state molecular chemists will often sing the praises of molecules. So in terms of precisely knowing what you have in terms of structural definition, it's very hard to beat a molecular system, so a zero-dimensional system. We also have decades of synthetic chemistry knowledge, just through organic and metal-organic chemistry. And we are able to fine-tune the structure of molecules at a level of precision that we just cannot attain with solids. So for example, we can change a hydrogen atom to a fluorine atom at a specific carbon on an alkyl chain. We cannot yet do this with solids. But also we are aware of the shortcomings of molecules. We know, for example, that solids have far superior thermal properties, mechanical strength. We know that solids have far more varied electronic structures. So instead of making compromises and choosing to work with molecules or working with solids, we envision hybrid materials that have components that behave like molecules and also have some spatial extension and have components that behave like solids. So we try to make these materials as a single-phase material. And by this, I mean that we don't work with heterogeneous mixtures. We want one material that has components that behave like molecules and has components that behave like solids. So when I started my group last year, I wanted to start on somewhat familiar territory. So as an undergraduate student, I worked in Bob Carver's group at Princeton on metal oxide perovskites. And for my graduate and first doctoral work, I moved to a different world. I worked on molecules and solution state chemistry, so now that I'm back with solids, I still wanted to start with a familiar material. So instead of looking at metal oxide perovskites that require temperatures of about 1,500 degrees to synthesize, these are not conditions amenable for using organic groups, we looked at metal hairline perovskites that can be formed at room temperature. So I just want to take you very briefly through the perovskite structure. You can think of this as a negative framework comprised of metal hairline polyhedra. So each octahedron here has a divalent metal, so a 2-plus metal center at the center of each octahedron. And this is coordinated to six ligands, six bridging ligands. In this case, it's a hairline. So X can be chloride, bromide, or iodide. So this forms an extended 3D framework with a negative charge, and we need to add positive ions for charge neutrality, and these positive ions are denoted as A plus here, and these just sit in a cavity defined by eight of these octahedron. So this is solid state chemists and physicists have done many varied things with perovskites, but we wanted to look at these materials and incorporate organic groups into it. So that sounds like a great idea, but when you look at this material, you ask the question, how can I incorporate organic groups into this structure? You could swap out this inorganic A center here, so instead of, say, cesium plus, you could put an organic group, but that's a very small cavity, so you really just don't have that much space. So we want to create more space. We do this by layering the material. So we go from a 3D material to a 2D material, and this is still the perovskite structure. You can derive these layers by simply slicing through this 3D material, and now you just get more space to put more elaborate organic groups. So this has been the focus of the work in the group for our first year, and the hybrid perovskites or layered inorganic perovskites have been known since the 1970s, though more recently David Mitzi's group at IBM has done some really beautiful work studying the electronic properties of this dimensionally reduced inorganic sheets, and he has incorporated these materials as organic inorganic electronics, so he has built diodes and transistors with these. And David Mitzi's work has really, we've used this as a stepping stone for almost everything we've done in the group. So this is why we love these materials. These are well-defined materials. These are crystalline, and chemists love crystalline materials because we can grow single crystals of these materials, and we can use X-ray diffraction to know the precise atomic structure and connectivity of these solids. So it's a hybrid material where we have just perfect structural definition. It's also a really neat way to access dimensionally reduced inorganic structures within a bulk material, so you have heard of quantum dots and quantum wires. These materials have very unique electronic properties, but the way you access these properties is using very complicated processing techniques. When you have sheets or chains as a part of a bulk crystalline structure, the organic groups will isolate these sheets such that these materials will actually act like quantum confine inorganic structures, but these are much easier to synthesize. These structures are highly tunable. We can change this red sphere here, the metal 2+, we can change the hairline, we can change the connectivity of this inorganic sheet, we can change the thickness of the sheet, and of course we have all the vast structural and functional diversity of organic groups to put in as the R group here. And of course the idea is to make a material that shows properties of molecules and also shows properties of inorganic solids, but what I find even more fascinating is that the synergistic effects of having these molecular centers and inorganic solids can give rise to new properties in the hybrid that are not inherent to the parent components. These are synthesized in water or inorganic solvents at room temperature and pressure, these are extremely mild conditions compared to conditions of typical solid state synthesis. And we can deposit films of these materials on various substrates using solution state chemistry, so we can simply dip a wafer into a solution and coat that wafer with these materials. We can use drop casting, spin coating, and other extremely cheap techniques. And I wanted to highlight how we make these materials attempting to think about layer by layer deposition techniques when you see a layered material. This is not what we do, that's too hard. So we just throw everything into solution. So in solution, just in a beaker on the bench, we have all these precursors floating around and we ask these metal ions and these organic linkers to form this very ordered structure. So what I'm trying to show with this picture is that there are hundreds of other things that could form and we allow self-assembly to dictate the structure we want. So the challenge of self-assembly is that we need to sample a very large reaction space and find the correct conditions such that this whole bunch of this big mess here will actually form this beautiful ordered structure. But the beauty of self-assembly is that once you identify these conditions to make the layered structure, you can make the same structure each time you do it. So it's ideally reproducible and it's also a very nice way to get the same inorganic structure each time. So the thickness of the inorganic layers and the organic layers is dictated by the crystal structure. So it's just perfectly reproducible. There is no size distribution between synthesis. So today I will tell you about, I'll tell you two brief stories about studies that we very recently finished in the group as of yesterday. So this is very recent news. And I think this beautifully shows the strength of the hybrid platform. The first study I'll tell you about has what I like to call action at the organic layer and the second study will talk about action at the inorganic layer. So the first study was done by Dr. Diego Solicibara. He's a postdoctoral scholar in my group. And Diego found this really neat way to capture gases from air streams using a nonporous material. This is unusual because typically gas capture materials are porous. I mean, where would the substrates go? So these materials expand dramatically to incorporate substrates and we also found that we can release these substrates. And for the second part of my talk, I'll talk about Emma Donner's work. Emma is a junior at Stanford and she's worked in my group for two years now. And Emma found a way to stabilize this corrugated inorganic sheets instead of these flat sheets. And she found that these are very promising as white light emitters, so phosphors for solid state lighting devices. Very unusual for one single phase bulk material to emit white light, which corresponds to all the wavelengths in the visible spectrum. And I'll tell you about that towards the end. So when I started my group last year, I just asked my group to put anything that fits into the organic layer. I just wanted to see what we could form. So the goals were somewhat low initially. We just wanted to see if we could make this layer of materials. So in the process of making a more elaborate linker, Diego formed this alkyl chain with a terminal alkyne group. So chemists have a very nasty habit of not showing hydrogens. This might look a little odd, but there's simply a carbon-carbon triple bond that's hanging at the end of an alkyl chain. So we made this hybrid, well, Diego made this hybrid material with lead bromide sheets with dangling organic linkers between the sheets. And if you look at this material, it's completely non-porous. So here, so every picture I show you is a single crystal x-ray structure. So we can grow single crystals of these materials and these are the precise atomic positions of the materials. So if you look at the space-filling model, you see that the organic groups form a very densely packed layer and there is no space within this material. But if you open up a freshman organic chemistry book, I think somewhere in the first few chapters you find that alkyne groups, so carbon-carbon triple bonds, will react with halogens like chlorine, bromine, iodine and those halogens will add across the bonds. So because the solution state chemistry of triple bonds with iodine was known, we were just curious to see whether iodine could react with this solid state material. And I think we just did this because we could. But we exposed this crystalline solid to iodine vapor just in a beaker. It's a very simple experiment. We were really surprised to find that the entire material gets iodinated. So iodine vapor adds across this triple bond to form this double bond with two iodines. So it forms chemical bonds within this material. What's really remarkable about this transformation is that the crystallinity of the material remains. So initially you have this partially interdigitated organic layer that looks a bit like this and the whole material just swells only in one direction. And the swelling is huge. It's about 40% of the parent structure and it's really remarkable that this maintains the crystallinity. There's the largest reported unit cell expansion for a crystalline material. So this was neat and we, as chemists, we get excited over things like this. But I didn't actually think there was a use for this but we were pleased to find out after the fact that there's actually a need to capture iodine gas from air. So it turns out that nuclear power plants emit radioactive iodine as a final oxidation product of uranium and plutonium fuel. And initially these power plants will emit a whole bunch of different isotopes of iodine. So five to ten different isotopes of iodine and many of these have very short lifetimes. So if you let this nuclear fuel sit for about a week, you're left with just two isotopes. So I127 is the stable isotope and that's not a problem. But iodine 129 is a problem. So this is a gamma and beta emitter and has a half-life of 10 million years. And iodine is a gas. So we have a radioactive gas that lives for 10 million years. So there's a lot of interest in capturing this material. Iodine is especially nasty because it can very easily get into the food chain and get into waterways and any iodine that we consume ends up in a thyroid and there are strong correlations between this and thyroid cancers. So there's a lot of interest, especially in government labs, for creating a material that can capture iodine as a solid state product. The idea is to bury it somewhere safe for 10 million years. I'm not sure what's safe for 10 million years, but we certainly need to make iodine a non-volatile material through this capture material. There's also some developmental work on nuclear transmutation where you can capture all that iodine in a solid state material and zap it with radiation and convert it into a stable isotope, which sounds safer to me. So we looked at this material in terms of an iodine capture agent and it actually performs quite well. So if you look at the gravimetric capacity for iodine capture of this material, that is just how much iodine does it capture. So amount of iodine capture divided by amount of iodine plus weight of the capture material, we get a weight capacity of 43%. If we look at the highest reported numbers for iodine capture materials, we get 64% and 55% in metal-organic frameworks. But these frameworks are poorer structures. So it's quite impressive that a non-porous material has comparable weight capacities to porous materials. Now, for this specific purpose, we don't care so much about gravimetric capacity. You're not going to carry this iodine with you. So what really matters is volumetric capacity. And in terms of volumetric capacity, a non-porous structure will always win. So these materials have the highest volumetric capacities reported for iodine capture materials. And just to give you an idea of what's out there, right now most government labs at Sandia and Idaho are studying silver impregnated zeolites. So zeolites are porous metal oxide frameworks and these pores can be lined with silver nanoparticles. So the idea is that when iodine goes through, it just reacts with the silver form silver iodide, which is a solid. But we calculated the highest possible weight capacities of these materials and they have to be below 33%. So these numbers are better than the current technologies. So this looks great, but a question arises. Here the iodine capture occurs at the organic layer. So why make the hybrid? Why not use the organic molecule on its own? So we asked a question and we did a series of experiments where we assessed the activity of the organic molecule alone versus the hybrid perovskite. And we found that there are many reasons to make the hybrid material. So these organic groups on their own are extremely hygroscopic. It will just dissolve at ambient humidity and just form a puddle on your bench. And stability to moisture is important for capturing radioactive iodine because the waste streams are saturated with water. So your capture material cannot dissolve in the waste stream. And in contrast, the hybrid perovskite that we make with these groups can be stored on the benchtop for months and is stable at even very high relative humidity. In terms of thermal stability, all the hybrid materials we've made are at least 50 degrees more stable, sorry, stable two at least 50 degrees higher temperatures than the organic groups alone and these are all stable up to about 200 degrees Celsius, if not more. These waste streams also have more NOx gases than iodine. So NOx is NO and NO2. And the organic groups will typically react with NOx and it will simply get deactivated if you use the organic group alone. But what we found is that if you put these organic groups in the hybrid perovskite, it has far greater resistance to reactivity with NOx gases and selectively binds just iodine. We also found out there's something rather cool which is that lead shields are used as radiation shields. So we calculated if we did capture radioactive iodine in the organic groups, can the inorganic sheets actually shield that radiation? So we calculated the adsorption for both the gamma radiation and the beta radiation emitted from radioactive iodine and we found that using the hybrid material is far better than using the organic group which is not surprising because the lead bromide sheets have so much electron density. And the hybrid material will absorb that radiation a hundred times better than the organic group alone. So right now we think that we can use these materials to capture iodine in a very soft organic matrix and we can actually use the inorganic sheets to shield some of the radiation at least that is emitted from the iodine. And remember we formed covalent bonds so these are very strong linkages between iodine and carbon so that iodine is not going to come off. What we need to assess though is the binding enthalpies of these materials. The challenge with capturing radioactive iodine is that there's very low concentration of iodine in these waste streams. So we need either to increase the mixing efficiency of the gas and the solid such that the solid will constantly be able to capture this gas or we need to get a material with very high binding enthalpies and that this is planned for the future. So this was reactivity with triple bonds. We then moved to reactivity with double bonds. So the solution state reactions of a double bond carbon with iodine leads to iodine again addition across this double bond but this reaction now is reversible. So we were interested to see if the solid state material will also capture iodine reversibly. And we found that it does so this is an x-ray pattern that just shows that this material can get iodinated and it will lose that iodine. So you can see that the morphology of the crystals are actually maintained as iodine comes on and off so this material just breeds iodine in and out. So in solution the reaction of iodine with alkene groups will form the diidoalkane and this will live for about one hour. In the solid state we have this very large network of iodine-iodine interactions which we don't have in solution. So we can use this to stabilize the iodinated material and this allows us to form time-released capture materials. So using crystal engineering we were able to change the lifetime of this iodinated material from three hours all the way up to three days. And a time to release capture material is an interesting way to regenerate your capture material free of charge. So you can imagine using the capture material having that iodine flow come in and then engineering the material such that it holds the iodine for three days and during this time you can just transport it to your sequestration facility and just allow the iodine to be released and now you have regenerated your capture material. And it can also be used for sustained release of iodine. Iodine is a potent antiseptic and iodine is often used to disinfect the dust streams and for medical applications. So and the final thing we looked at is again you know pulling out organic chemistry books. We are in organic chemistry so we don't know much organic chemistry but these are very simple reactions. We know that the addition of bromine across double bonds is not reversible even though the addition of iodine is reversible. So indeed we found that if we add bromine to these materials we form the dibromo alkene and this is not reversible. So this is actually a nice way to remove small amounts of bromine from an iodine stream and this is important because iodine is an essential nutrient bromine is toxic to our bodies and everywhere you get iodine you get a small amount of bromine because it's very hard to separate iodine and bromine these have very similar chemical properties. So what we can do is use these materials which will reversibly bind iodine and irreversibly bind bromine to remove trace amounts of bromine from iodine streams which sounds useful. So that's activity at the organic layer now I want to change gears and tell you about Emma's work on synthesizing again hybrid perovskites that are white light emitters. And I'll give you a very brief background into why you would want to make phosphors for solid state lighting so as you all probably know the typical incandescent bulbs that we use the tungsten filament bulbs as well as fluorescent lamps are just inherently inefficient there's a lot of interest in moving to solid state lighting and this transition has been projected to reduce the electricity used for lighting by about half by the year 2025 so there's a lot of interest in developing these light emitting diodes and phosphors that are required for solid state lighting. So the way that white light is generated using solid state lighting devices is to use is to couple a light emitting diode and LED with some phosphors so the LED will excite the phosphor will emit some radiation and together this must appear white to our eye. So there are two ways currently explored to do this you could imagine a blue LED coated with a yellow phosphor and the idea is that some of the blue emission is allowed to penetrate through the LED such that the blue and the yellow will combine to appear white to our eye. And this gives a decent white light and it's no problem if you're just reading black text on a white sheet of paper this has very poor color rendition so a red does not look red to it using this light so you can imagine applications where color rendition is important if you're a surgeon doing an operation blood must appear red you must be able to distinguish internal organs so there are cases when this light will not do. Another strategy is to mix phosphors so you can imagine an ultraviolet LED hitting three different phosphors a red, green and blue phosphor this emission could look white. This also has problems because when you have three phosphors the emission of one phosphor might overlap with the excitation of another phosphor what this means is that the emitted light of one phosphor will just be reabsorbed by another phosphor instead of contributing to the white light and this causes inherent energy losses. It's also because you have three phosphors it's extremely unlikely that all three will degrade at the same rate so even though you start with a white light this light will get colored over time because it will decay faster than the others. So for these reasons there's a lot of interest in a single phase so one emitter which degrades at one rate broadband emitter so a single phase means one emitter and a broadband emitter that emits throughout the entire visible spectrum such that you also get good color rendition and there is a major target in solid state research. So Emma was studying directed self-assembly of hybrid perovskites she wanted to see what kinds of organic groups will template different connectivities of the inorganic sheets and what she found is that you could use two very similar organic groups and the difference between these two groups is just the length of this alkyl chain between the nitrogens and she found out that if she threw this into solution with lead bromide she made this material which has flat sheets and with lead bromide into solution she made this highly corrugated sheets so this was kind of neat that we could make two very different structures using very similar precursors and we just wanted to see what was different between these two materials so she looked at the optical properties of these materials and she measured the adsorption and the emission spectrum of this material and what she finds is something that's not surprising this is already documented in the literature this is an exotone binding energy this is characteristic of dimensionally reduced solids and then you get a band gap because this is a high band gap semiconductor if you look at the emission spectrum you get a very sharp emission band and this material appears blue so this is just a film of this material on a slide we irradiate it at about 400 nanometers and it emits blue and there are no surprises here but then she moved to the corrugated material and she did the same experiment and we were really surprised to find out that this glows white so the adsorption spectrum looks very similar again you get the exotone band and the band gap but the emission traverses the entire visible spectrum so from 400 to 700 nanometers so this is very unusual in a single material in a bulk material so she looked at the color produced by this white light and this is defined by the CIE coordinates shown here so what we found is that this material is pretty close to the emission of just sunlight and dune so if I focus on this inset in orange I show you the emission spectrum of the sun and we have just colored in yellow the visible region and this red line here shows the emission of MR's first generation material and if you look at this chromaticity diagram here we are right here in this shaded red box so there is a significant red component in this white light and that's actually exactly what you want this produces a warm white light which is perfect for internal illumination but she also found that you can tune the emission so she can change the amount of chloride and bromide she uses in this material and she can make a material that has the emission spectrum shown here in this black curve which basically gives you a cold white light so it's important that we can tune the emission because the transition of existing lighting to solid state lighting requires tuneability of the emission because there are certain applications where the specifications for the light have already been defined and must be met by the solid state replacements she also found that the color rendition is very high so because there is a broadband emission red looks red and doesn't look brown and the CRI values for our materials are above 80 and for any indoor application you want CRI values of above 80 it's actually quite close to this mixed phosphors but without the disadvantages of mixed phosphors we looked at the origin of the broadband emission and these are ongoing studies the lifetime of the emission across the entire range from 400 to 700 nanometers is about the same which tells us that a similar excited state emits to give this broad emission and Eric in material science for helping us take these lifetime measurements and we have a collaborator at the Max Planck Institute Bing Hai and he has done some very nice electronic structure calculations which have really guided our thinking here and we think that this is due to excited electrons that are trapped through elastic lattice deformations so as the material vibrates it traps the excited electrons which decays radiatively to give this broad emission so I want to I'm running out of time so I'm going to go a little quickly here but I just want to tell you where we stand with respect to the shortcomings of with respect to current technologies I mentioned previously that if you have a blue LED and a yellow phosphor you don't get great color rendition so if you look at this emission spectrum there's very little red in the spectrum so it's great for illuminating black and white but not very good for illuminating colors and also these materials are made at temperatures of about 1300 to 1900 degrees so very high temperature synthesis the emerging technologies involve using three different phosphors to generate white light and again I told you previously that this has problems with self-absorption and different degradation rates of the phosphors there are two new emerging technologies they both involve cadmium which is not great cadmium is toxic but it is interesting to note that quantum dots that are very very small so quantum dots in the 1 to 2 nanometers size scale emit white light and this is attributed to surface sites in these very small structures and this has very nice color rendition the problem is these materials these are tiny particles that have to be separated from each other if they aggregate the emission is quenched so along with developing these quantum dots you also have to develop some kind of dispersive polymer that is resistant to degradation with the UV light and of course no one really wants to work with cadmium in a large scale because of its toxicity so lead is not great in terms of toxicity either but cadmium is worse sure and this is also the next emerging technology is also based on cadmium so I just want to I'll just leave you with this this is a comparison of where we stand with respect to the current technologies and we think it's quite scalable though we do need to improve the quantum efficiencies I'm sorry I think I just lost the slide did we lose your students that was the most important part that was the most important part I should go back we can't lose the students that's important yeah I don't know how to get that back I would like to end with that slide she wants to get to the last slide if you just put out the last slide I'm done talking thank you so that's my group yeah and I just want to thank the following agencies for funding us perfect yes I'm really done talking thank you very much


And today, we're talking all about building a strong communication strategy for your campaign, and we'll be narrowing in more specifically on building a strong social media and email plan by providing you our top suggestions are pretty much our favorite best tips. So if you have not started now is definitely the time to start strategizing and preparing a solid communication plan for give big. If you have started this webinar is going to really help give you some tips and suggestions when it comes to this part of your campaign. To start with, in its most basic form, there are three general phases to an email and social media marketing campaign for your giving them. So we're going to have the build up the day of. And then, of course, the follow up. So diving deeper into each of these for the build up this phase of your campaign is pretty much going to be everything that you do prior to the giving day so that includes a save the date or an introduction email or a social post, really any reminders and email reminders that you plan to send out in the weeks or days before the event, as well as including a give big reminder on any email blasts or social posts that you are sending out that like after your first give big save the date communication. You should really make sure you start to weave in communication regarding give big into all of the communications that you're sending. You can stick it at the bottom of an email blasts that start to go out, even if they have nothing to do with your give big campaign it's really about repetition. Really plugging the event, letting people know that you are going to be participating and give big, but really repetition is going to be a key to making something stick in people's minds so that the more you repeat that you are participating and give big, you're letting them know what day the event is this year. All that is going to help your donors, your, you know, network of individuals who are supporting you, it's going to help them remember that day so repetition is going to be key in your build up. So start taking a look at your full calendar of E blasts and all of your upcoming social posts to make sure that you don't miss any opportunities to really plug the giving day during the build up. Moving on kind of these are just a little synopsis of each of these kind of sections will get deeper into them as we go on. But moving on to the day of email and social posting is of course going to be super important on the day of the event. nonprofits are typically seeing the best returns when they have a really well considered kind of pre scheduled communication campaign both email and socials during the day. So, at a bare minimum, we always suggest that you send these emails and also do these social posts, pretty much a kickoff, probably around, you know, as soon as the event starts, or bright early in the next morning. You will know your donors best. And then of course a midday check in and a call to action to donate. And then you'll also want to have an email probably at the start of any special prize hours that you're trying to win. So start taking a look, once the prizes are released, making sure like you're weaving communication strategy and with each of these prizes that you want. You'll probably also want to do an evening check in calls action to donate. And then, most likely you will also want to do an email warning towards the very end of the event, maybe on the final hour, just reiterating that the event is coming to a close if you haven't given make sure to give. If you have given and you want to give again to do so as well. And then we have the follow up which, of course, is very important. I think just that, you know, most of your focus is going to be on build up and they have but follow up is so incredibly important and it helps to sort of plan this out prior to the event. So as you're planning your communication and outreach campaign, don't forget how important your follow up is. Your follow up is going to help you close the loop on your give big campaign and help you set the stage for whatever your next effort is. The mighty cause is going to send each of your donors an email with their tax receipt and the custom thank you message that your nonprofit has created. So definitely create that little thank you message. But we also recommend you follow up with all of your donors outside of the automations that go out, whatever that looks like for you. So start planning now plan on at least probably one email and a social post the day after the event. This will be your broad thank you to everybody thinking all your donors for helping you reach your goal. You can tell them how much you raised. You can let them know where the funds are going to be used. Something special is really cool video of your staff maybe saying thank you or even an email or video from the executive director.  And hopefully they'll continue to return to donate because of the relationship that you've created post event. So we're going to get into all of this a little bit more with some more tips for specifically email. So your email overview, we're pretty much going to talk through best practices what we see to be really successful. We'll talk a little bit about how you can segment your audiences. How you can kind of figure out what you want to say based on the group you're saying it to. We'll talk a little bit about scheduling and how to time your emails everyone you know it's always different for everyone based on you know their capacity how many people are helping you with your campaign. So take from this webinar what you can and what you will. We want to offer you the suggestions but we don't want to overwhelm so if you can't do all of this totally fine pick what you can. Moving into email best practices we have is kind of some of our key bullet points here as well as a sample email to the side which we can talk about in a minute. But basically for email best practices what we're going to see that is going to really work is keeping your email short and sweet. You want your message to be clear concise let the you know the donor or whatever supporter you're reaching out to let them know exactly what you want and what you need from them. So if your email is descriptive and your subject line is going to be really important. You want them to click it and open it so it helps to be descriptive and you know urgent. So depending on the specific type of email you're sending be kind of creative but also be very straightforward in your subject line. And then when it comes to the actual email you're going to want to personalize the email. That means crafting the email for the audience that is receiving it. So if you're sending an email to, you know, a group of volunteers asking for a donation, you'll want to personalize that email if you're sending it. Another ask to a different group of people asking for a donation as well. But maybe these are your larger gift givers, you'll want to personalize the email for that audience. So including a direct call to action so we call these CTAs. You want your CTA to be very clear and to directly link them, most likely to your donate form. If you're kind of going back and forth between organization page and donate form, I would say if your audience is your, you know, donor base and definitely give them that donate link. Most likely they already know who you are they already, you know, know exactly what you do. They don't need to be linked to your organization page and then be made to make the next step to the donate link. So you're going to want to, you know, cut that stuff, make sure that they can get right to the link that you want them to have which is making the donation. Then of course formatting and testing your messages for mobile making it mobile friendly that's going to be really key. Most people are, you know, receiving emails on the daily and they're pulling up their phones and they're scrolling through and seeing what's up.  Unless you know they're in an office or something. So always keeping in mind making something mobile friendly I know a lot of people are actually designing, you know, your emails on a desktop. They're going to, you know, you know, different kind of platforms mill chimp constant contact they're going to make it easy for you to use a template that's mobile friendly. And just make sure you test it so if you do make an email, send yourself a test send a colleague a test send a friend a test test your buttons, make sure all the links work make sure you know your font is eligible. All of these little things we call them just quality assurance so you're doing a QA test, pretty much checking yourself before you send your email off into the world.  But the more you test beforehand the more you, you know, try to figure out exactly your messaging tailored to your audience you're going to feel better about sending that email out. And then, this is kind of a sample email so you can kind of see it. This is a save the date so this would go into the category of the build up email, letting them know hey or participating and give big this year. This is the date here's our organization page, save the date. This is a good example of when to include your organization page link because the donate button you don't want them donating right now you know you want them to donate you know as soon as early giving starts and during the date of to help you win prizes. So you don't want a donate button link in this email you want to link them to your organization page which you have beautifully filled out. So you've updated with you know the most current photos and the most current ask and what you're actually fundraising for this year if you participated last year, you've cleaned out that messaging and just made sure it's relevant to this year's campaign. And now we're going to get into email segmentation so basically segmenting your emails means splitting up your email list. The purpose of email segmentation is increasing the chance that you're going to get that group that you send the email to to open and click through and make the donation or do the thing that you've asked them to do. So you're tailoring each of the groups. This is different from a B testing which we can get to in a minute. But basically, you are determining the different groups of people that you are going to send emails to by looking for something that they have in common so maybe you have a group a segment of a large gift givers. Though those people would get a different message. You know, then one time gift givers type of the deal. And then maybe you have a segment that's like all of your staff and you have a segment that's all of your volunteers and a segment of everyone who has, you know, only given to your campaign once or has never given to your campaign, something like that. Basically, each of these groups is getting the same email but it's the messaging is tailored to that group of people so on the right side of the side you can see finessing your ask for your segment. So the ask is all about, you know, is what it's all about and nonprofit fundraising so as part of your email strategy you want to make sure you haven't asked what is appropriate for each of the segments that you've created. So for the examples that I was kind of talking about for non donors people who haven't given, maybe you ask for it, you know, a low donation just $10 can do so much for our organization let them know what $10 can do for you. Maybe you have your recurring donors you know these people are going to give to your campaign because they do it year over year. Maybe their amounts fluctuate. Maybe you're going to not ask for the bare minimum you want to encourage them to try to give around the $25 $50 range. Same ask you're asking them to donate just like you did the non donors, but you've tailored your message now to a group that might respond better to a $50 ask. And then of course if you're, you know, creating a message that's just for volunteers. You know, and want to acknowledge that they actually do a lot of work and they support you in a different way throughout the year. So you don't want to just go in and bluntly ask for money.  So they are making a huge donation during the year. So just kind of, you know, finessing that ask acknowledging and, you know, thanking them for their support and then asking what they can do specifically during the campaign window to make them to help you reach your goals. So when it comes for what and when to send your emails. The slide says one of the most asked questions in email marketing is when to send emails when is the best time and really the truth is that there is no magic hour or magic day to send out your emails to your audience. It really comes down to the individual user. It comes down to your audience. It comes down to your relationships that you have with them. That being said, we do have some guidelines and suggestions on the right side of this slide that you can use as you're coming up with a strategy. So, like I was saying earlier on, depending on your capacity, maybe you can't hit all of these emails, but maybe you can pre schedule as much as you can leading up to the event so we always recommend a save the date to your donors. Here's a link that is going to go to your organization page, showing them where they can find you on the give big platform. Here's our page. Here's, you know, the link that you can share with your friends. When the giving event starts, you can let them know about our mission. We're really excited to participate. Here's, you know, our top three goals for fundraising this year. I'm letting them know why you're participating and that you're participating and when they should mark their calendars for another good one optional but you can send out a note letting your supporters know about peer to peer fundraising. This is going to be a really key way for you to extend your reach. So it's a really good idea to figure out, you know, which contact list would be really a good fit for peer to peer fundraising emails, and let them know like, hey, here are the steps. Here's what peer to peer fundraising is.  All of those donations are going to funnel into your organization page. So basically they're fundraising on your behalf they're helping take some of the lift off and reach a larger community that maybe you have access to so coming up with an email, letting people know that it's a great partnership and even just to reach out to you if they're interested. And then we always recommend to send an email during the early giving window early giving has started, you can now make your donation to our organization, you want to include that donate button link. And then you can also remind them that these are the actual hours of the actual event, but you are always welcome to make a gift early. And then you send an email at the start of the giving day.  Maybe you send that one early early in the morning, land and everyone's inboxes. Let them know, again, called action donate here, give now type of deal, linking directly to your donate form. I also recommend sending an email probably towards the end of the day for a final push. Not pretty much, you know, hopefully will rally anybody who forgot to give maybe the day got busy they were at work. Now they're at home.  And we also say, check your analytics. If you previously participated during give banks and crime Valley, pull up your, you know, your report and see, you know, when did you get the most donations like can you take a look and see when you should try to tailor your messaging. Not shown on the slide but two other ideas, you know, sending a message to your audience as soon as prize hours start sending a message to your audience, you know, also reaching out to those who previously gave to your campaign but haven't given we also see really a lot of success with that so on the mighty cause platform under your reports, you can see a retention report if you have previously participated. And you can download that retention report, you know, somewhere during the give big day, and you can see who has not been retained so you're going to want to come up with an email campaign specific to those people.  You know, if you give this year will be able to do XYZ here's a button to donate. We're going to move into the social media section. So, pretty much the overview here is offering you your best practices tips for social media. We have internal workflow tips how you can you know, make social media happen for your campaign, depending on you know your organization the size capacity level who's helping you. We also have content ideas, some things that we see are successful. And what specifically to post. So as for internal workflow tips, you are going to want to appoint a social media manager I know that's not something that every organization has the ability to do maybe you're a small team. It's a good thing for, you know, a board member to do or a volunteer to do a trusted volunteer who you, you know, can trust and train and, you know, let them help you with your campaign. Pretty much being help be in charge so to speak maybe it's a, it's a they report to you and it's a team. But that person would really be able to take some of the lift off of you so they're helping to kind of come up with posts, come up with ideas, figure out like a strategy when is your posting schedule. What are your goals. Do you want to post, you know, two or three times a week leading up to the event and then that person would be your go to key point person during the day of they can keep your, you know, Instagram or your Facebook. Updated, you know, every hour or thinking donors are creating stories for you. So see if there's somebody on your team. A board member of volunteer like I said that can help as a social media kind of manager or partner for you.  A lot of time can be just sunk into social media, I think we all if we're all you know using social media we can see how quickly and easy it is to get distracted and lost in the mess of social media, but it's also a great and powerful tool to connect with your audience. So what you can do to be successful is really start scheduling pre scheduling your content so you don't have to pull up your, you know, phone and start crafting a message on the spot that is hard. So pre scheduling anything you can, you know, taking maybe an hour to write down different post ideas that you have and then working on that content before you need it. So really and post consistently for internal workflow, that's going to be really key. If you are able to get a social media volunteer or manager meet regularly make sure you all are on the same page, make sure you have your content, make sure you know if you come up with a content idea of, you know, getting supporters or volunteers to talk about why they like your organization. Who's going to wrangle that who's going to make the asks to the volunteers who's going to try to get the submissions. So meeting regularly coming up with a plan and then posting consistently. So you're going to start to see a lot more engagement on your social media, if you start posting consistently. That's like for you. If you're posting, you know, twice a week, three times a week, using stories for more off the cuff type of stuff. Figuring out what consistent means to you because the more you show up the more people know you're there. The more people are going to see your posts. And as they engage with your posts, the more that social media platform is going to push your post to those people. So you've probably seen if you click on something on Instagram, Instagram says, ooh, you're interested in this, and they feed it to you way more.  So show up post consistently and review your analytics. Look and see like who your audiences, when are they most active, you can use that to your strength. Maybe your audience is most active, you know, in the evenings after work so maybe you want to try to schedule your post to hit in the evenings leading up to the event because you'll get more, you know, traction with those, those times, everyone's analytics are going to be different some people's audience might be more active in the morning or maybe they're super active on the weekend. But use that data because that's why it's there for you. And just, you know, try to tailor what you're doing with what is going to be the strength on that platform. So best practices when it comes to social media, post for your audiences, if your audience is mostly a Facebook crew, then post on Facebook, if your audience is mostly, you know, Instagram, or maybe you have more followers on Instagram than you do on Facebook don't feel like you have to post on Facebook, post where the bulk of your audience is where are you going to get the most payout for the time that you put in. Be a storyteller so use the stories feature you know a lot of what's really great and popular right now is video which can sound intimidating. But what's really fun, especially, you know, for stories on Instagram or you know Facebook anything like that is that a lot of this stuff is more off the cuff people want to see like what you're up to. In a less structured format posts are very structured you know you have a plan you have a picture you have a caption and that's that that's what it is, but storytelling stories. Those are very off the cuff maybe you're showing you know some of the animals at your shelter you're doing like a meet and greet with the animals something like that just like one off type of videos that you can post they're going to disappear but you can add them to posts on your, like your Instagram page for instance. But a lot of that is going to be easier than creating and crafting the, you know, the post that sometimes you can feel discouraged because not a lot of people engage with or see it. So these are going to be a really cool way to quickly get content out and show a little behind the scenes. We'll get to that in a second as far as content behind the scenes kind of footage quick little chats are like people love it they just eat it up thoughtful hashtags don't need to go crazy with your hashtags. That was really, you know, a strategy that previously was successful.   You can always get new donors, but everyone, I mean, knows that getting a new donor is a lot more time intensive than, you know, working with the donors and making the donors you have feel seen so don't get to hung up on hashtags. It doesn't need to, you know, absorb your, your content pretty much pre scheduled content we were talking about this as much as you can figure out what content you're going to post what you need. Secure all of those videos anything that you need to pre schedule or have submitted to your team, so that you can share at pre schedule pre schedule pre schedule. You can use Canva. It's like an app that you can sign up for and you can use their templates they do a lot of designs, like social media friendly designs that you could just drop in the text, because they pretty much create a layout for you. And so you can pre schedule all of these maybe you have on your social media to do is is to create a thank you message that you can put in stories or post to your Facebook wall every time a donor who doesn't want to remain anonymous. Donates, and you can thank them publicly like that can be something on your list for the day every donation quick thank you recognizing the donor. And you know your audience you know what they prefer not everyone, you know, once that but just an idea and for early engagement, start posting now if you are registered for give big start letting everyone know just like the emails. Let your donors know let your social media audience know let everyone know that you're participating and here's your goals and here's how they can help you reach them. Save the date, so to speak for social media. I see I've pre scheduled your content twice well it is super important so we're going to keep it pre schedule your content. And then engage on the date of so when it comes during the day that is going to be your most active posting day. If you are a social media, you know, volunteer, they can be the person that's, you know, doing the day of posting commenting resharing if you know a donor makes their own story about your organization you can reshare it that's easy content to recycle through. And if you are like, Oh, but I don't have a social media manager. This is where it's going to be important for you to pre scheduled content. So, you know, five posts during the day, maybe you want to post letting them know the day has started, and then you want to post at the end of the day, and then somewhere in between the day you want to let them know that maybe, you know, a special prize hour has started and now is the time to give click link and buy out which would be ideally your donate form, and then encourage sharing and post the engagement. So what it means come up with a plan, let people who follow you on social media, know that they should hopefully to help you, they should reshare your posts they can reshare your posts to their stories or to their, you know, audience, Facebook, Twitter, wherever the more people are reposting you the more reach you're able to get that you don't have access to so you know, similar to peer to peer fundraising. It can really help you extend your reach. And then when they post, you can repost their posts. It just helps make a lot of content easier because you can see other people engaging with you. And that goes a long way for content ideas video is huge. We're all saying just a ton of video on social media. Most social media platforms are really, you know, competing with one another and so they're all pushing video reels, you know, tick tock videos stuff like that. People just love video photos also super important. If you're going to, you know, make a post on Facebook, figure out if there's a way to include a photo maybe it's a staff photo maybe it's, you know, some behind the scenes picture. So people are going to look at photos, more than they're going to look at a paragraph of text. So figure out how you can weave them photos. Graphics, if you have a graphic that you've created in Canva. Maybe you want to show, you know, how your organization uses money like where does it go, what percentage of, you know, population do you serve like give them stats like, let them know exactly what you do, how you, you know, support the community what your goals are types stuff like that you can share some pretty cool graphics and graphics are reshareable like people it's easy for them to say hey we'll check out this organization here's what they do, and then they can easily reshare a graphic with their community testimonials are really cool.   Challenges themes, you can come up. This is kind of next level but you can come up with a plan, maybe your fundraising for, you know, more toys for your shelter animals. So you can come up with a challenge or a theme.  And then, you know, people can start to see it's very touching people can see that it's relatable, and that can help drive donations. So coming up kind of with like how clever way that you can connect with the community so that we can understand the importance of your mission, but also making it personal. So afterwards, like I said, behind the scenes, super, super important people love it. It's just the coolest. I mean we all love seeing what happens behind the scenes we love seeing that background footage. What do you do at your organization. You know, if you're whatever you do sometimes it can feel really monotonous sometimes you're going through the motion sometimes you're like oh this is just part of my day it's not worth sharing like that's probably a worth sharing moment. I just want to see what you do because they're not there they don't get to see it maybe don't volunteer with you they don't, they aren't able to it's just a cool inside look at what it takes to run your organization. So figuring out just little things that you can share and these behind the scenes types of things are really great for those off the cuff stories when you need to just quickly pull out your phone maybe you're, you know, cleaning up your building where you have, you know, all of your stuff, like inboxes or whatever it be. Show them what you do like make it personal. That also helps with you know building a community and a relationship and connecting with these donors or potential donors, because they want to see the real people behind the organization for what to post to socials, and when to post the socials pretty much a general guideline when it comes to post and our socials is to post when your audience is most actively talked about looking at your analytics figure out when your audience is most active. So, kind of for a pre event suggested posting guidelines a save the date very similar to your email strategy a save the date and early giving start post hey early giving is open click the link a bio to make your gift. And then of course your live event posting your kickoff your milestones. Hey, we've reached halfway to our donor goal today we need you know, 25 more donors, can you help make this happen. You know, any live matches that you have. Hey, we have a live match for the next hour, any donations will be doubled and then prize announcements. And then of course your final hour reminding everyone hey the giving event is about to close. We're super excited we're so close to our goal here's what we need. And a lot of these can be pre scheduled so your, you know, final hour can even be pre scheduled and you leave a button or like a fill in the blank for how much you need left and donations to reach your goal. Your live match, you probably know that you have a live match most likely unless someone surprised you and said hey here's a match for you know the next hour. In those case you know when your live matches are going to be happening during the event. So you can pre schedule pre design something on Canva. So that all you have to do is post it. If you haven't already pre scheduled for it to hit at a certain time. And then of course closing the loop, the thank yous are going to be so key. You know, as much as everybody else that thinking someone is just so important you want to be things when you, you know, make a gift that acknowledgement is just going to be so key and helping retain donors year over year. So, closing the loop both on social media and an email, you're going to pretty much be doing the same thing you'll send out you know, a general email thinking your audience thinking everybody who supported you. You know, like a social post letting them know like hey, we made our goal or we got so close to our goal and you all are so awesome. We're so excited. Here's, you know what we've raised and here's what we're going to do with it. So regardless if you made your goal you didn't make your goal you, you know, and the ziastically thinking your supporters because they did help you and they donated and they took the time and they paid attention and that's really important. Of course are different than your specific donor emails. This is like a general kind of thank you email but you also are going to want to create specific outreach for email or phone calls where you actually think individually your donors. But you can definitely get creative you can say thank you in so many different ways. You can send a photo of your team, you know, cheering thank you or a video where they're all saying thank you. Yeah, so there's lots of different ideas you can get really creative you can, you know, look around on the internet. How have people thinks you before what have you received. I got a nice little care package one time from the team that I organization that I donated to, which was really surprising and maybe feel really good so coming up with a cool way to say thank you. So that's something that volunteers can also help you with.  Definitely let them know it's the easiest and quickest way directly to an inbox to let everybody know how you did on your campaign and the status of everything. And that's it for our social media and email strategy training. If you all need more information on any of the topics that we talked about many calls has a great support library, we have all sorts of different, you know, blog posts, a resource center, just a bunch of different ideas we also have ideas on how to thank your donors. So make sure you check that out link in the Give Big SEV tool kit. But yeah, thanks everybody for joining our on demand webinar and we'll see you at the next one.


A fiery horse with a speed of light, a cloud of dust, and a hearty high of silver! The Lone Ranger! Before this exciting adventure, a word from our sponsor. With his faithful Indian companion, Toto, the daring and resourceful mask rider of the plains led the fight for law and order. In the early western United States, nowhere in the pages of history can one find a greater champion of justice. Return with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear. From out of the past come the thundering hoofbeats of the great horse Silver! The Lone Ranger rides again! Come on, Silver! Let's go before! I am Silver! Late one afternoon, the Lone Ranger and Toto were traveling at a leisurely pace through the hills in central Texas when suddenly... Rural rain, mister! You too, angel! You're both coming! We'd better follow orders, Toto. Who's it we're going? As the mask man and his Indian friend Rural rain, two men stepped from sheltering trees to the trail. One held a snub-nosed derringer. This gun's not much for size, but it's plenty deadly. So don't try a fast move. Yes, ma'am. Keep your hands away from your guns. What's the idea? We need horses. A couple of crooks stole ours. So you plan to take ours? Yeah. What's more, we're taking you to the sheriff in the nearest town. You're probably wanted for a lot of crimes. No, you're wrong, mister. We're special deputies. Signed by warden Jenkins, a territorial prison to the job of hunting a couple of escaped convicts. At the ground, Alhoot! New two-engine! The Lone Ranger eyed the deputies standing side-by-side on the trail. His voice was sharp, as he called. Take them, Silver! As the mighty stallion charged, the startled men fell back to escape being struck by silver-shot hooves. Taking advantage of their confusion, the Lone Ranger drew and fired. A silver bullet smashed the small gun in the hands of the red-headed deputy. All right, Silver, that's enough, boy. Tuttle chuckled at the look of wide-eyed dismay on the deputies' faces. The Lone Ranger turned tables on you. What? The Lone Ranger? You mean this masked man? He's the Lone Ranger? That's right. Turned to Rachel. I didn't know that. Who are you? Joe Cannell. This is Mort Randolph. You said a couple of escaped convicts stole your horses. Cyrapsin and Cork McCoo were broke out of prison. While we were out looking for them, they took us by surprise. Stole our horses, guns, and cash. So those two are free again. Warden Jenkins will be downright mad when he hears how they outsmarted us. You're, uh, within walking distance of town. Yeah, but we can't go... I suggest you go there and send a report to Warden Jenkins. Tell him, Tuttle and I have taken up the search for Cyrapsin and his pal. Let's go, Tuttle. Are you ready? Come on, sir! Come on, scoundrel! The thing tracks the masked man and Tuttle followed lead south. As darkness fell, they drew rain. Oh, sir, cool. Easy scout. Easy scout. Easy scout. While we wait for the moon to rise, Tuttle, we'll have a light meal. Isn't that good idea? Country around here is so dry it's difficult to follow a trail. Ah... Texas have bad drought. Yes, I hope it ends soon. Uh, Kimisabi. Yes? You think crooks head for border? Well, they were captured not far from the town of Jacksonburg. That's right. I think the loot from the well's far-go robbery is hidden near there. So they'll probably go back to get it. If we have any trouble picking up their trail again, we'll ride directly to Jacksonburg to Warden Sheriff Lewis. A few days later, Tuttle entered Sheriff Dan Lewis' office in the town of Jacksonburg. Well, Tuttle, how are you? Uh, me fine, Sheriff. And your masked friend? Well, him asked me to tell you about Psy Rapson and Quark McCool. The rats who went to territorial prison three years ago for robinowell's far-go stage? That's right. They were captured without the loot from that robbery, if I remember right. No one ever find loot from hold-up, Sheriff. In that case, the well's far-go reward for its recovery has never been claimed.  What? Four-day gold. Jumpin' grasshoppers. And masked friend think maybe crooks come back here. To Jacksonburg? For what? To get loot from robbery. Hey, Sheriff! Someone at door. Sounds like young Billy Murray. Come on in, Bill. The door's unlocked. Oh, hi, Sheriff. Come inside, Bill. When I saw the door closed, I thought you might be talkin' about some private business, Sheriff. Nothing in this office is private from the son of an ex-Sheriff. Tonto, meet Billy Murray. Billy, this is Tonto. Uh, how, Bill? Howdy, Tonto. Billy's dad, Hank Murray, was Sheriff of Jacksonburg before me, Tonto. Oh, me new Sheriff Murray. Oh, you did? That's right, Bill. Him, him fine lawman. Too fine to dive an outlaw's bullet. Someday I'm gonna be Sheriff of Jacksonburg, too. Well, your mom might have different ideas about that. I'll convince her yet, Sheriff. Will you see what I got for my birthday?  It's dad's gun. I'd like to capture a couple of crooks and collect the rewards. Now, Billy, if you find any crooks, report them to me. I'll see that you get the reward for those you help turn in. Oh, it's a deal, Sheriff. So long, Tonto. Howdy, old Spill. I hope you have a mighty happy birthday. Well, thanks. Good-bye. Good-bye. No, waitil is my, here's Billy wants to turn body hunter. Lone Ranger, new boy's father. Now, Hank was a fine lawman. One of the best the West ever had. Am I right? His wife's had a hard time getting a livin' out of that run-down spreader there since he died. Oh, what wrong with ranch? Nothing money wouldn't cure. Bad. Yeah. Well, Sheriff, me go buy supplies we need, then ride back to camp. Tell you a mask, friend. I'd like to see him before he leaves this part of the country. Well, me tell him. And I'll be on the lookout for Psy Rapson in his path. Meanwhile, the fugitives, the Lone Ranger and Tonto were looking for, were riding toward Jacksonburg astride stolen horses. As they slowed the animals for a brief rest, Psy Rapson observed. Oh, easy, easy. It's a good thing we've traveled through hills along back trails no one is likely to know about. We've done a good job of throwing off any posse that might be after this. All right, now I'm worried about what's ahead of us. We can't ride through town to reach Big Indian River. And we'll have to go around town. I hope we pass a couple of water holes or springs along the way. Ones we've passed so far have been dry. It must be a long time since it rained in this part of the country. Looks like a real drought. The sooner we get the loot we left at the river and head for the border, the better I like it. I've done a lot of thinking about that loot. Well, so have I. I'm going to live mighty high on it from now on. I wonder if there's a chance it drifted downstream. After we threw it in the river? Yeah. Couldn't have drifted. It was at least $50,000 worth of gold, paper money and silver in that canvas sack. That sack was heavy. So heavy it took both of us to drop it in the river. I remember that. With all that weight, it'll be right where we left it. All we got to do is locate the flat top rock on the river bank. That sack will be almost directly under it. I hope you're right. Get up there. Come on. Get up there.  When Tothole rejoined the Lone Ranger in the hills east of town, he reported his conversation with Sheriff Dan Lewis. A sheriff say him keep close watch for Syrabson and Court McCool. Good. While me in office, a boy named Billy Murray stopped to see Sheriff. Billy Murray? Ah. Him son, a sheriff, Hank Murray. Oh, I remember Hank Murray. He was a good friend. Ah. How old is his son? About 16. Him tell Sheriff him have birthday today. I'd like to see the boy. Sheriff Lewis say boy and mother have hard time getting along since Hank Murray killed. I'll saddle Silver and we'll start for the Murray Ranch to see them. That's good. On his way home from town, Billy Murray rode along the banks of Big Indian River. Because of the prolonged drought, the level of the river had fallen extremely low. Billy was not far from the ranch when his horse stopped to drink at the water's edge. While he waited for the animal to drink his fill, Billy studied the water and the exposed ground that had always been covered by the river. Billy noticed the canvas sack partially embedded in the river bank, slightly above the water's edge, near a huge flat top rock. Golly, I never noticed that before. The boy dismounted to investigate. The waterproof canvas sack was securely fastened, but by using a pocket knife, Billy was able to cut an opening near the top. He reached inside. Golly! A moment later, he stared in wide-eyed wonder at a handful of gold and silver coins. Hardly able to believe his good fortune, young Billy Murray excitedly tried to move the heavy sack, but it was no use. It's too heavy. I'll have to get Mom to help me. Putting as much gold and silver into his pockets as he could, Billy took one last look at his newly discovered treasure, then ran to his waiting horse.  Get up there! Meanwhile, the lone ranger and torto drew rain in the yard in front of the rundown, dilapidated Murray Ranch house. As they dismounted, Helen Murray came from the house. At the sight of the lone ranger's mask, she half-stifled a scream. Please don't be alarmed, Mrs. Murray. We're not here to harm you. That mask you must... Your husband was a good friend of ours.  You... you knew Haines? Oh, yes. We knew him very well. Oh, uh, do you remember meeting my Indian friend, Tonto? Tonto? And a mask man? Of course I remember now. I'm sorry I didn't recognize you when you drew rain, but it's been so long. Yes, it was several years ago. I'm so glad to see you. Well, uh, Mrs. Murray, Tonto and I would like a chance to help you and your son. Thank you, Mr. But... Ma'am! Hey, Ma'am! It's Billy, my son. Don't me meet him in town. Billy! We have company! Oh, hold it! Hold that! Hold it! Oh, Bill. Oh, Tonto! Well, golly, what are you... Hey, a mask man. The mask man and Tonto were friends, Billy. Very good friends of your dad's. I met Tonto at Sheriff Lewis' office, but... The mask man's the lone ranger. The lone ranger? That's right. Oh, golly! How are you, Billy? Oh, I'm fine, Mr. Hey, gosh, Mama, I came home in a hurry to tell you what happened. Is something wrong? Oh, no, nothing's wrong. I found a sack full of treasure, Mama. Treasure? That's right. It's right on the riverbank. Reckonon hasn't been found before this because the river kept it covered. What are you digging in your pockets for? These. Hey, look, Mom. Money! Oh, silver coins. There's lots more of them in the sack, Mom. Lots of gold and silver. Billy, you... You say you've found this? That's right, Mom. Just think what it means. We'll be able to fix up the ranch. We can buy the new stock we need, hire a couple of hands. Just a minute, son. Oh, we gotta go back and get the rest of it. I'll hitch your horse and mine to the wagon and take it to the river. We gotta get the rest of the gold and silver before someone else goes in. But, Billy... There's no time to waste, Mom. We'll lose the treasure if someone else goes there ahead of us. You found this sack on the riverbank, Billy? Oh, yes, sir. It's plenty heavy, too. It'll take a long time to load the wagon. I'll have to move a little at a time. Tonto and I would like to see your treasure, Billy. We'll ride to the river with you. Oh, that'll be great. I'll get the wagon out of the barn. Let me help you, Bill. Come on, Tonto. We gotta hurry. I just don't understand it. There's $50 here. And a lot more on the riverbank if your son is right. It's unbelievable. Well, uh... Several years ago, Mrs. Murray, a Wells Fargo stage was robbed not far from here. I remember. I think this money, Billy found, belongs to Wells Fargo. Oh. But there's a $5,000 reward for its recovery. $5,000? Yes. Hold it, hold it, hold it. The wagon's all set, Mom. Come on, get in. All right, son. You'll come with us, Mr. Of course. Come on, Mom, I'll handle Reigns. All right. I'm ready, Billy. Easy, steady, big fella. All set, Tonto? Huh? Me plenty anxious to see treasure. Oh, my. Well then, let's go. Get up, get up there. Come on. Come on. A short time later, Billy halted the light wagon at the river's edge. Hold it, hold it, hold it, hold it. The lone ranger and Tonto also drew Reigns. Hold it, hold it, easy, steady, big fella. The masked man and Tonto dismounted quickly, but Billy reached the water's edge ahead of them. There it is. Just like I left it. Is it the Wells Fargo money, mister? If it is, the name Wells Fargo will be stamped on the sack and waterproof ink. Me help turn the sack. What'd you say about Wells Fargo? Billy, the masked man thinks the money was stolen from Wells Fargo. What does that mean? We have to give it back to him? Yes, dear. Oh, no, Mom. We couldn't keep stolen money, son. Yeah, but I found it. That doesn't make it ours. Here's the Wells Fargo marking. Mm. Blurred little by water, but letters still plain. Oh, dog garnet. The masked man says there's a reward for finding the money, Billy. That's right, Billy. When this money is turned over to the sheriff, you'll have earned yourself $5,000. $5,000? I'll put the sack into the wagon. Me help lift it, give me some. I've got a ton of. Gosh, Mom, $5,000 is an awful lot of money. Indeed it is. There'll go a long way toward fixing up the ranch. There, the sack's in the wagon, Billy. I'll take the wagon to town, Mrs. You'd better go with him, Tonneau. I'll go with him, Mr. If you ride in the wagon, Mrs. Murray, the tonne will travel alongside. Well, keep a sharp lookout for trouble, Tonneau. Uh-uh. Me, Savi. What do you mean, trouble? The men who stole this money escaped from prison. Oh, cool. Hey, Miss Savi, two riders head this way. It may be, Sai raps and his friend. Who? A couple of crooks. I hope you'll not meet Billy. You better start for town. Right. Stay with him, Tonneau. Get him up sco.  As Billy, his mother and Tonneau, rode away from the river's edge, the Lone Ranger turned to meet the two horsemen hurrying toward him. The sky was darkening and thunder cracked ominously, as the mask man recognized Sai Rapson and Cork McCool. He reached for his colts as they drew rain. You two are covered. Sai, it's a mask man. Mask man, nothing. He's a Lone Ranger. We're done for. Not yet. As Sai jumped from the saddle, he snatched his gun from its holster. He went down with a bullet in the shoulder. The Lone Ranger's second bullet smashed Cork's gun. You were foolish to try that job. This Mount Cork... Yeah, all right. I'm hit by a shoulder. Sai rapson lay on the ground, writhing with pain. Having dropped his gun when the Lone Ranger's bullet struck his right shoulder, he looked around for the weapon. It was inches from his left hand. Taking a desperate chance, he grabbed it and fired. As the shot ripped the mask man's sleeve, the Lone Ranger's colt roared. Smashing Sai's gun beyond repair. But the momentary diversion gave Cork a chance to jump the mask man. Closing it from the side, the quick-witted killer clamped his arm around the Lone Ranger's neck in an effort to choke him. Kill him, Cork! Have his gun! Stand still till I can get it! Half blind with pain from his wounded shoulder, Sai tried vainly to take the Lone Ranger's gun. While the mask man fought to free himself of Cork's vice-like grip, the Lone Ranger reached over his shoulder behind his back. Come here, you! He caught the back of Cork's neck and lifted the surprised killer over his shoulders, somersaulting through the air. Hey! Before he knew how it happened, Cork hit the ground with jarring force at the Lone Ranger's feet. Now then, Sai... The Lone Ranger had moved too fast for Sai Rapson. He faced the wounded killer with a drawn colt. If you want more trouble... No, no, we've had enough! And I'll tie you. Manage your wounds, take you both into the Sheriff's office. A heavy rain was falling steadily and the streets were deserted. When the Lone Ranger, with his prisoners, reached Sheriff Dan Lewis' office in Jacksonburg. Forcing Sai and Cork to walk ahead of him, the masked man followed them into the Lone Ranger's office.  Hey, hey, in the morn, she's the masked man. Him capture Sai Rapson and Cork McCool. How are you, Sheriff?  I never figured this storm would blow you and two prisoners in. I captured them on the bank of Big Indian River. I'll have a cell that'll accommodate the two of them till they're ready for the trip back to prison.  Now cut the ropes you're wearing when you're behind bars. Remember your covers. Don't fly fast. All right, all right. Gosh, this has been a birthday I'll never forget. Many happy returns of the day, Billy. Billy and I are going to celebrate tonight, mister. We're going to have a really good dinner with our birthday cake, especially for the occasion. Good. I'd be so happy if you and Tondo would join us. Well, we'll do that, Mrs. Murray. But we'll return to camp first for dry clothing. We'll expect you at the ranch house later. And we'll be there. Come on, Tondo. You ready, Mr. Murray? You see a letter, Bill? You bet, Tondo. Well, both of those rats are behind bars and... Hey, where's Tondo? Where's the masked man? They'll be at our house later tonight for supper, Sheriff. Say, how about joining us? I'm having a birthday cake, Sheriff. Birthday cake or no birthday cake, Billy. I'll jump at the chance any time I can have a meal with a lone ranger. Bye, old.


Over the last month I'm sure you've heard a lot about honey, and not all positive, but bees are so much more than just honey. And over the weekend I was reminded, as my daughters were rescuing every bee out of the pool putting them on flowers, that if tonight I can convey some of the fascination and passion I have about honeybees to you, then I have done my job well. To collect honey, bees visit over 3,000 flowers a day. And they keep visiting the same type of flowers until that flower source is used up. And while they do that, they pollinate the flowers. And this has made honeybees so valuable for our agricultural crop.  And some crops, like avocados and almonds, require 100% pollination. And so we have come to rely on bees for our daily food. But bees are under threat. And worldwide beekeepers are struggling to keep their bees alive. And despite tremendous global efforts, we still don't really know why the bees are dying. And this is where my research comes in. So as agricultural crops move from cottage gardens to broad-acre crops and high-intensity planting, so does beekeeping. Beekeepers are shifting towards pollination services. But growers hire beekeepers to place thousands of hives into their orchards. Orchards that are so large that natural pollinators can only service the edges. And this has put an extra stress on our honeybees. However, here in Western Australia, we're incredibly lucky. We have some of the healthiest bees in the world foraging on the most natural habitats. And this environment is ideal to study some of the adverse effects affecting bees in isolation. So my research group is working hard to develop tools that can help beekeepers keep their bees alive. We're using cutting-edge technology to decipher the molecular mechanisms that affect bees like nutrition and diseases. Because very much like you, bees get affected by diseases differently. Some bees get very sick with infections, while others appear to have stronger immune systems. And it's these differences that provide us opportunities to breed or select for more resistant bees. So while the media has been buzzing over fake honey, we're focusing on saving the bees and supporting our beekeepers. Thank you.


that we can use to not only control, but to move. Some of our biggest problems when we hand fight is like we know what we need to do to move the guy, or like when we really try to start moving them and they resist, then we kind of give up on it. Okay, because it feels like I'm wasting a lot of energy and I'm not getting a lot of results. So we gotta start finding like that core chunk of things that we really are affected with. You don't have to be affected with a thousand things, but if you can be affected with an underhook or a Russian or a good, good like steiner tie, they need to my head on the same side as my collar and really able to move this guy around and create openings. It can pay a lot of dividends for you. Okay, so remember shoulder on top. Elbows are always glued to my ribs. Tucked this by life yesterday, but when my arms get away from my ribs, really, really tough. So even when I punch it in, elbows are glued. When I'm pulling down, elbows are pretty close. I'm off balance in here. Elbows are glued. Even when I drag, elbows are tight. I'm dragging when my elbows go far away from my body. Now a lot of times when you get to this drag, this guy will run out, right? And we come right back to this tie. I'm dragging, he squares out and come right back to this tie. Okay, maybe I dropped it for five minutes here at the opening there. But just because this guy runs out of my drag right here doesn't mean I don't have anything. Then come right back to the front head and snap down. Okay, so don't just bail on your Russian as this guy makes adjustments. Now, we're gonna push and pull with this Russian and move them around. I really like this kind of off balance right here because it whips them out in front. And all I'm doing is just not hyper extending the elbow. I'm just pulling my elbow back to my ribs and I'm pressuring my chest in a little bit. And I'm leaning tough right here on the top of his shoulder. Now he starts to rotate out and square a little bit. I'm just gonna rotate my head through. Boom, drop both of these flat. Okay, I'm clamping hard, punching. Now with my hand, my hand doesn't do anything here. I just punch with my shoulder. Punch with my shoulder, just pop them off. Listen to the heartbeat right here. Make sure I get my count and then look for my finish. So it's my Russian. We'll talk about how all we're gonna get here. Man, it's easy to get. I do this post right here. He grabs my wrist, rotates down, right into my Russian. Then just change my palm. We guys are palm down, it's not wrong. Just feel way stronger pulling, curling right here. So pushing, shoveling snow, off balance. Heart beat so he can't turn in and he can't turn away. Then we adjust here, okay? But it's literally a drop on my knees. I'm not stepping through. I'm not penetrating. I'm literally just dropping straight down on my knees. Shoveling snow, whipping them out. Head through the hole. Right on my leg. Pop this high. How do you just dip? Pop. You'd be surprised how quick they'll fall over. Questions? If I didn't see it again. Pretty simple, okay? We'll start getting to pop that Russian off. Pressure. Pressure, punch, punch, punch. Boom. Pop down. Partner, every time they get you here, turn into them. So we gotta use our head. So we need you to fight in that position until we can get back and switch to our finish right there.  Partner, every time turn into them so we can keep them on their back. I see so many people hit beautiful dumps or beautiful firemen and give away three points because we're not heading the right position. Good? Go.