Hello and welcome! Today we are going to be continuing with our shell script tutorials and today we're actually going to be looking at a tool called grep. It is not built into your shell, it's not part of bash, which is what we're primarily looking at. It's an external tool but it's a common that's one of those core tools that's on pretty much all systems. If you have even a small little device like a router or modem and you have a shell on it and things only got like 8 megabytes of hard drive space, it probably has grep on there. Grep is a tool you'll use all the time in your shell commands. So it does a lot! I'm going to show you the very basics but in general it just it grabs things, it looks for matches in files and returns them for you. So let's go ahead and jump right into that. I am in an empty directory here. If you remember LS will show you, will list what's in your directory. I have nothing in this directory. I need to create a file. Now you can use your text editor. I like using Vim and I will do some videos in Vim in the future. But use whatever text editor you're comfortable with.  We've learned about the cat command which will show you what's inside file. We'll concatenate files together. But if you say cat and then you use your greater than symbol, you remember that in previous videos we worked with this and when you use that it would take the output of one command and put it into a file. So I can call this file.txt for text, right? I'm going to hit enter. It doesn't bring me to prompt at the cursor. It's just kind of there. So what I can start doing is I can type stuff like my name is Chris. Your name is John. Banana. This is fun. Let's get going. I'll hit enter. I'm on a blank line here. I'll hit control D.  If I list out files now you see that I have a file here called file.txt which is what we created right here. If I use cat now to show what's in that file you'll see everything we just typed. Now if I wanted to add a line I can do the cat command. If I was to do this command again it would override that file. But instead of overwriting it we're going to give it two greater than symbols which means append. Add to the end of this file. Now if I type something like berry and blueberry and then again to finish it off we hit control D. Now if I was to cat out what's in that file we can see that we've added to the end of that file berry and blueberry. Now I can hit control L or I can type clear to clear my screen. I am still in that same directory and we have that file. So what grep will do for us we're going to search for stuff. So again if I look at what's in this file you can see that there's multiple lines. I'm going to go ahead and grab any line that has the word Chris in it. So I'm going to grep for Chris. And also on most Linux systems if you want to copy something the easiest way in the terminal is just to highlight it. And then on your mouse center click which if you have a wheel is just clicking the wheel down and that will paste whatever you have recently highlighted the last thing you've highlighted. Now I'm going to say grep Chris and then I got to give it what I want to grep through. We're going to look at that file and it will return only the lines that have Chris.  So now we've learned how to look for lines with matches. Let's say I want to find all the lines that have the word is on it and the word Chris not necessarily next to each other. Well I can always pipe the output of any command into grep. So I say the pipe symbol which is shift and on most keyboards it's going to be I don't want to say most keyboards because keyboards are different around the world but on a standard QWERTY keyboard is shift and the key that's right above your enter key. It's that straight up down line. Now I can type grep and I can type in Chris and now it's going to search for lines that have is in it and then it's going to search for lines from that output that have Chris and will only return that line which is only one line that has christened. So if I was to cat and append to my file and again I can start typing a file name I can hit tab and it will auto complete for me so you don't have to take out the whole file name. I can type in Chris is cool. Well that still has Chris in it. Let's just go Chris. All right let's do films by. Oh I just realized this is a bad example because the word is isn't my name. Okay we'll still do that and then we'll do John Smith and then again to the end control D. Now if I cat out what's in file we have all these lines here again control L will clear the screen up arrow to go through our previous commands. Let's look for lines that have the word John on them. We have two but let's say I only want lines that have John is and not necessarily in that order I can say grep is. Now let's say I want to find lines that have John Smith. Well what I I mean we don't want to do this necessarily because let's add something to the bottom of our file. So I'm going to say Terry Smith again control D. I can show you what's in that file. Now up arrow if I was to do this I'm going to get lines that have just John Smith but again bad example for what I was trying to do. If we add another line to our file John is a Smith. How about that? Control D. Now we can grep for John and Smith and we'll get both the lines but let's say we just want the line that says John Smith. Well since there's space in there what we can do is put this in quotations with Smith and even if you don't if it even if it's only word one word it's good practice in my opinion to put things in quotation strings and quotations. Now let's say I want to find all lines that say John and all lines that say Chris. Well if I do this I get lines that say John. What I can do is add an E here which says hey I'm looking for the next expression. Well we can add multiple expressions so dash E and I can say Chris. Now it's returning lines that have John and Chris as opposed to doing something like this and then grepping for Chris. Now I'm going to get nothing because I'm not getting any lines that have both John and Chris on it. So here we're getting lines that have either John or Chris and here I'm getting lines that have John and Chris on the same line. Now by default grep is case sensitive so let's go ahead and cat and add into our file text. I'll just say John is also cool. I control D now again I can cat out that file and you can see we have John is cool and I can grep for John from file and you can see I got John but only John's with capital J's. If I come back here and make this lower case J it's going to show the lines that have John with a lowercase J. Well if we want both we can say dash I which means case and sensitive ignore the case. Now it's going to return all lines that have the word John on it even if it's lowercase or uppercase and it doesn't matter where those cases are you can have the whole word capitalized or whole word lowercase this is going to ignore cases all together and again grep does a lot of things but I'm going to show you just one more one or two more things let's say we want lines that don't have John on it okay we want all lines that don't have John I'll do V here now it's going to return all lines that don't have John with a lowercase J see so we still get lines with John with the capital J. If we do this we'll get lines that have John all lines that don't have John with a capital J so we still have the lowercase John here now if I can do this I can do say case insensitive so don't look at the case and show V means the inverse of this so now we're going all lines that don't have John in it and we're not modifying the file at all here right so if I cat out file you can see all that stuff still in there but if I wanted to save the output of that I can create a new file I'll call it file 2.txt and again the extension is just for you it's a text file regardless of whether you have that on there or not now I can list out you can say I have two files I can cat file.txt and I can cat file 2.txt so we're learning a lot with grep and this is this is a great thing again now a lot of people will do something like file.txt and then put that into grep and then grep for John and that works and there's not not problem with doing that when you're working at the shell when you're writing a script you probably don't want to do that it's preferred to do the grep John and the file why is that well it's one less command it's one less process to run but it's good to know that you can pipe because you might may end up piping it's not a big deal some people will make a big deal about it it's just one less process and if you're looping through a lot of things that can save you time if you leave out this extra command but when you're working at the shell at last times you're just stringing along you're running one command sing the output okay now I'm gonna pipe it's it'd be silly to go back like if I was to you know cat out file.txt and then go oh okay now I want to go find Chris now I'm gonna type a whole new command well no it's quicker just to go up grep Chris right and then all I want lines to have cool I'm gonna go grep cool so if you're working at the shell to go like this and go okay now I'm gonna go back and rewrite this it's it's it's a matter of opinion it is more efficient not to pipe as many times as you can but it's also the power of the shell is piping but just be aware of that because if you do cat and then grep and that's all you're doing people will give you a hard time I wouldn't give you a hard time I might mention to you it's better if you don't so don't take it you know if you come and ask me a question I see that you're doing that I'm gonna recommend that you don't but some people will just jump down your throat about it and just don't worry about it people who do that again take advice is advice ignore people who are mean but that is just a quick look at the grep command now again this is the grep command I should have also mentioned there are lots of different versions of grep there's p grep e grep and they all work a little different in fact the when you run grep on your machine it may not just be regular grep it might be p grep or e grep and or some other version of grep and there are differences but in the 18 years that I've been using Linux and I've been use writing shell scripts I can't think of a time where I've ever had an issue where I'm working with grep and it doesn't work like I think it does and there can be there definitely can be but just be aware of that because some people might give you again a hard time if you say grep but you're actually using let me let me see something so there's a which command this little bonus here if I say grep it's gonna tell me what where my grep command is and if I list out and list with dash LHA this gonna list it with some more information and right here it's sometimes things will be alias pointing so I might have my grep command but it might be pointing at another file so I was just looking to see if my grep was pointing to another file but that's all I have for you today we're gonna be using grep in a future video that's why I wanted to touch on it today and it is a tool because when you're working with shell scripts you are going to get the output of commands regularly and you only want parts of those commands so or the outputs so you're going to use grep a lot or looking through files it is one of the most common tools and I just want to show you the basics of it and it can get complex where people start using regular expressions which are very powerful but that's a whole another topic I do thank you for watching please visit filmsbychrist.com that's Chris the K there's a link in the description check out all the links in the descriptions video because there's ways to support me I have patreon paypal Libre pay pay blah blah blah buy me a coffee I would love support if not be sure to like share subscribe and comment let me know what you think and I hope that you have a great day


The necessity of transparency and timeliness in leadership. A stitch in time saves nine. This famous phrase couldn't have said it any better. Leadership is in all its entirety entails all spheres of discipline, servitude and timeliness. Is it true that the year before a election, the government seems to work effectively? It is ridiculous to waste limited time on activities that aren't central to the core of an administration. This in every way defeats the purpose of the opportunity to be saluted with such responsibility and comes off as poor decision making and mismanagement. This pattern of the end minute execution is visible in poor administration and it comes along with the baggage of weak politikin and bad governance. The time frame given to every administrative office is given based on feasibility, planning and execution. Every time frame in an administrative tunnel was structured to enable proper execution of the vision of the office and failure to follow these structures will lead to an irreversible lapse. Using a month to execute a project that should have taken years to plan properly and execute not only destroy the mission and outputs of the project but also destroys the reputation of the parties involved. To reduce the repetition of this ugly pattern, the following factors must be considered. Transparency in leadership, workable policies, vision that are scalable, timeliness in planning effective monitoring and evaluation. When all these factors mentioned are being considered by those at the hem of a phase there will be a decline in project execution lapses and fraud. Development and continuity in transparent and workable administration would be assured. Let's ponder on these words. The speed of decision making is the essence of good governance. Paijit Kuya is a politician and cabinet minister in the government of India. So Tolu, what do you think about this? I think it is as usual. Politicians, okay. For me I think you have hit the nail right on the head. There is just something magical about the year before the election year. I am sure you have noticed it. There is just something absolutely magical about it. To stop that is not able to be done in 2-3 years. The year before the election there is just some spirit of efficiency and excellence. Lost jumps on our people. Things got to start to get done. Roads start to get done. Hospitals get built. Schools get renovated.  But I think it is a serious problem of orientation. I see people all the time. Even leaders abroad in America, in the UK, people that have done democracy for hundreds of years and are trained to be leaders, to lead governance. They take courses in governance and leadership and strategy and decision making. Even these guys, many times they falter and make mistakes. In some cases they even fail woefully. Now that someone has been prepared to hold these offices. Now imagine someone that has no clue, no training, no orientation, no preparation except for speeches. In many cases, senseless speeches have been written by a more clueless person. To basically recite. So how would that person fail? This is not rocket science. To fail to plan is to plan to fail. That is exactly the problem we are having with leadership. Transparency is not even something we should start to talk about. Because we need a whole show to talk about transparency in leadership. You know. The time limit is just a magical thing that happens when it is time for them to get our votes again. I will wrap up with this. Someone said that, have you ever thought about how come their villages, their settlements in Nigeria have never seen power before. They don't have power. They don't have water. They don't have basic essentials of life. But when it's time for election, a polling booth appears in that location. A polling booth appears. But these are guys that have not seen power for years. But you can get a polling booth there when it's time to vote. And then what happens? Some are infrastructure. You guys have a visit that impoverished. So 2009 after 2009 guarantees with their votes for another four years. I'll just wrap up. Thank you very much Tolu. The last time I remember last week, while I was not last two weeks ago, I said something about KAPI-DM, living in the moment, fixing the current problem. You know, there was an instance, something that happened during the lockdown, the saga around lockdown era, that the government actually give items out, relief item. And some of these things were hooded. And then some politicians had the effrontery to repackage this item using their own label. So they are using government property to campaign. Why? Because they are always thinking about the next election. You are not thinking about what are we going to do now to live, unless the next election takes you of yourself. So I know the strategy is what you want to say something about. Mr. Khair, you have enough to say. I don't know if I have so much to say. I mean, when you listed the things that should be done, I was just asking myself, okay, do you think they don't know these are the things that should be done to be effective? I mean, not rocket. But you see, there's a country, okay, Ghana, when it's getting close to election, that is when the people wake up and make demands. That's when the nurses who go on strike and they said that the agreement they had four years ago or three years ago has to be met. That's when doctors remember that this is happening. That's when all these institutions will start coming up. That's when you see communities tell politicians or the government that you promised to do this road. You didn't do it, it's four years and you are going for another campaign. We are not going to vote for you. Now you see, if you don't make demands, make hate while the sun shines. The best time to strike is when the metal is hot. That's better to strike and get the shape you want from that metal. And that is what we are not doing. I always say that politicians, politicians all over the world will always attempt to cut corners, even in America. If you listen to the news this year, last year you have seen people that almost cut corners, did one or two things and they were caught and blah blah blah. But you see, in our own case is that we don't have a system that checks them, then the people themselves are just used to oh don't mind them, they are foolish politicians and they continue. So we need to look at all these things. I want you to address it from a behavioural point of view because you know you are a behavioural coach. So why is this, it's like a recurring decimal. The year before election, things seems to work very well. They now recently remember that students need this, school needs this, this one needs that but why don't you face this thing, let it be that you solve this problem and the next administration should move on from there. You know I'm not a politician and you know You can't speak for that. I've never got into the seat of power so as much as I have good will I've got some good value system but I don't know how I'm going to act under that pressure. You know often times we don't know what we're going to do and all of that. So for me I think it's just rinse and repeat. So and if the trigger is not fixed it's going to continue being a rinse and repeat strategy. Any strategy that works, I mean business sense why don't you change it. That's it. It's been working and we don't need to change it and that's what I think. For us we Nigerians it's important for us to focus on making the system works. When we make it work then we shouldn't bother ourselves about what happens subsequently because you take care of yourself. Although a coyote is nest after the break.


Hello everyone, welcome to this UK data service workshop on consent issues data sharing. My name is Hina and I work as a senior research data officer and my main responsibilities include providing guidance and training on ethical and legal issues in data sharing. And my colleague Gail is also here in today's session, she is helping us with the technical side of things. The overall aim of this session is to show you the role of informed consent in sharing data within ethical and legal boundaries. I aim to cover the following in this section. In the first section, I'll talk you through why we need consent. This section will focus on introducing the use of informed consent in research. The second part of the session is about how consent can be obtained, covering documentation and methods that are used to obtain consent and finally how to manage the obtained consent forms. This is then followed by a section on when consent could be sought during the research process. Some of the important aspects that need to be considered are also discussed. And the final section focuses on sharing with you some of the wordings used in consent forms by the researchers and example consent forms and information sheet. I'll finish it off by highlighting some best practice tips and resources that can be very useful for you if you are interested in data sharing. And I will respond to your questions in the end. So as I mentioned, the first section is about why we seek consent. So the first question is if you would like to give a quick introduction to your background. For example, if you are a post grad, early career researcher, professional services staff, that would be great. It's a biomedical someone from biomedical sciences. That's interesting. Early career researcher, open service staff, research, sports staff, clinical trial unit, very diverse, I think. That's good. Great. Soft different backgrounds. Someone in the chat said, I love this animation. Yeah, me too. That looks very amazing. Great. Thank you. And what type of data are you interested in or you are working with? Is it called, font or mixed data? So majority of you are doing the mixed method and some qualitative and some quantitative. That's great. So the last question on mentee, what do you think, why we seek consent in research? Any thoughts on that? I'm sure everyone is familiar. Looking at the background you have just mentioned, ethical, legal, research integrity, GDPR, protection of participants. Yep. So participants can make informed decisions. True ethics, informed participants of use of their data. That's right. To adhere to ethical standards, ethical, good practice, GDPR, very well informed attendees. I'm impressed. Thank you. And I'm sure that all the responses they are showing that it's either the legal or ethical compliance and somebody in the chat have written that it's for legal purposes and to protect ourselves and participants as well. That's right. So it is all of the above. That's right. Fundamental obligation that that's right. Protection for researchers, ethically use people's private info. Exactly. That's right. So thank you very much for your responses. So clearly you all are very well familiar with what informed consent is. It is the process by which a researcher discloses appropriate information about the research so that a participant may make a voluntary informed choice to accept or refuse to participate in the research. And in the research context, consent is obtained to ensure that participants understand what they are signing up to making participation and research more effective. And it also ensures that the research conducted is ethical and compliant with the data protection regulation. So thank you very much for your responses. So basically, looking at your responses and that's the fact that in research context, we need consent for two purposes. Consent for research participation, which is considered as one of the founding principles of research ethics where it is sought before participation in any research activity and for all participants. And as you are aware that it usually involves providing information regarding study purpose, benefit, voluntary participation. However, it can also be used to comply with the data protection regulation, as you mentioned in some of your responses. And if a researcher collects managers and share personal data, then consent of the data subject can be used as a legal base to process this personal information under the UK GDPR. So basically, there are two legal frameworks that are relevant here, which is the common law duty of confidentiality and data protection legislation. I will go through both of these. In the UK, there is a duty of confidentiality that is based in common law and that occurs where confidential information comes to the knowledge of a person in circumstances where it would be unclear if it were then to be disclosed to others. However, there are some exceptions when you can disclose information. For example, if participant consents to onward sharing their personal data, then sharing does not reach duty of confidentiality. And sometimes public interest can overwrite duty of confidentiality. And, occasionally, there are instances when you may need to give up data such as court order. The best practice is to avoid very specific promises in consent forms. As researchers, we must adhere to data protection requirements when managing or sharing personal data. And personal data is any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person. People can be identified directly or indirectly. Some of the examples of direct identifiers are name, address, post-port, telephone number, voice, picture, while some examples of indirect identifiers are occupation, geography, unique or exceptional outliers in the data. So if personal information about people is collected or used in research, then the general data protection regulation applies. However, if data is anonymous, GDPR does not apply. So a bit of background to the GDPR is necessary here. GDPR is the EU-Wide Data Protection Regulation that was introduced in 2018 and replaced UK Data Protection Act that was used until that time. However, after Brexit, it is now called the UK GDPR. Currently, both EU and UK GDPR are aligned. They place the same legal obligations on researchers. But in the future, the two pieces of legislation may diverge as the UK has now left the EU. It will therefore be important for researchers to ensure that they gain local support from their university, especially when their research project will span across the EU. So if the researchers based in the UK collect personal data about people anywhere in the world or a researcher outside the UK collect personal data on UK citizens, then DPA and UK GDPR both applies. However, if the researchers are undertaking research projects which span across the EU, then the EU GDPR will also need to be considered. So there is usually a misconception that data protection laws such as UK GDPR prohibits data sharing. However, it does not prevent data sharing as long as you approach it in a sensible and proportionate way. In fact, GDPR is useful for research because it legalizes much of the current good practice in research, such as data sharing and archiving. Until the UK GDPR, there are six possible grounds for processing personal data and one of these must be present. These grounds are consent, public interest, legitimate interest, protection of vital interest, legal obligation and performance of a contract. However, in the context of research, the first three, which are consent, public task or legitimate interest are the most applicable grounds for the processing of personal data. Through the consent, I think you are all aware that consent is rarely used as a legal ground in the UK. But if you are using it, you need to make sure that you fulfill certain conditions associated to the consent you are obtaining. For example, it must be freely given, informed, unambiguous. It should be specific, such as if it is for audio recording, video recording or so on, you need to mention it. It must have a clear affirmative action and cannot be inferred from silence pre-tick boxes or any activity and make sure that the participants were given the opportunity to request to remove their personal data at any time. And this request to withdraw is for removing their data and not a withdrawal from research, which is ordinarily asked in the consent form. So these are two different things. It must be documented. And finally, an explicit consent is required to process special category data, which is race, ethnic origin, politic, political views, religion and health and so on. So in the UK, Information Commissioner's Office, which is usually called ICO, advised that for almost all research conducted in the UK organizations should rely on either public task for all public bodies or legitimate interest for non-public bodies. However, the ones holding and using health information, which is a special category of personal data in GDPR will also require a further condition in addition to the public task. In academia, this is usually to support scientific and historical research. In addition, you also need to complete a data protection impact assessment for any type of processing, which is likely to be high risk. You must therefore be aware of the risk of processing the special category data. As I mentioned, that explicit consent is mandatory if you process special category data, explicit or confidential information under common law or duty of confidentiality. This comes under that. So a quick info on explicit consent if you are to obtain it. Ordinary consent can be obtained verbally or in writing. However, explicit consent should always be recorded or documented. There are certain conditions that needs to be adhered to, otherwise the consent can become invalid. For example, if no genuine free choice was given or if there was a clear imbalance of power between a researcher and the individual, it becomes invalid if the consent request was vague or unclear. If the researcher's organization was not specifically named, subjects were not informed about their right to withdraw and so on. So explicit consent statement should specifically refer to the particular data set that is to be processed. The precise purpose of processing, including any automated decision-making, should identify any risk implications that might arise for the data subject as a result of the data processing and it should provide any other relevant and specific information that might influence the decision of a data subject to give or not to give their consent. So this and couple of the following slides are the screenshots of a very nice checklist from University of Dublin in order to assess if your explicit consent form is in line with the GDPR and health research regulations. So I have provided a link on this slide. You can have that if you need it later. So I found this checklist very useful to check the explicit consent form you are using for your own project. And I have added a link to the Health Research Authority guidance on obtaining explicit consent at the bottom of the slide, which you can check later on. So apart from being good scientific practice in some countries, gaining informed consent is mandated by law. For example, here you can see that some countries have mandatory requirement to obtain consent. If you collect personal data, however, there is no legislative requirement for consent to be sought from participants in the UK. However, funders or research ethic committees and ethic guidance for these may require it. If any one of you are from any other country where obtaining consent is the mandatory requirement, just if you would like to share us in a chat, joining from Germany. So in Germany, it is a mandatory requirement if personal data are collected in the Netherlands. It's the same in Netherlands as well. All right, so yeah, it's not a mandatory requirement in the UK. Yeah, somebody asked that if I could explain what the table describes. I was saying that some countries have mandatory requirement to obtain consent if you collect personal data. However, in the UK, I was just comparing some of the countries with the UK that in the UK, we do not have a mandatory requirement to obtain consent. We use public task as a legal base to process personal data. But if we are processing special category data, then we need to obtain one additional condition, which could be for academia, it's scientific research and for health research, I think it's explicit consent. That's the comparison between other countries and the UK. Somebody asked, does this mean we are doing research in one of these countries? It would be legally required to have consent. I think so, yes. If you are based in the UK and you're collecting data from any other country, you need to adhere to that country laws as well, as well as UKs. So you need to check with them where you are collecting data. So someone from Greece, someone from Poland, not sure how it is regarding legal regulations here. Yeah, sometimes it happens. And Isabel has written that, what about if someone is doing research where they collect personal data brought? Yeah, it's exactly the same. When you are based in one country and you are collecting data in another country, you need to follow the rules and regulations of both the countries. If you are conducting interviews with people from around the world, what would you do then around the world? I think it depends if you are going to share the personal data or personal or any identifiable information in that data, then you need to consider what you are going to do. If you are collecting data from around the world and you plan to share that data in some repository, like UK data service, then the first thing is to obtain consent. If it is not possible, then you can anonymize the data. You just remove the direct identifiers or personal information and then you can do that. And if it is the interview transcripts, again, you can anonymize the transcripts if that possible. And if it is not possible or the data will lose its value, then I don't think so that you can deposit the data unless you have consent. Ethically speaking, consent is necessary if you are to share the data. And to keep it in mind that I am talking about in this workshop, the issues related to when it comes to data sharing. So if you are conducting interviews, okay. Yeah, so as long as you anonymize everything, it is all right. Yeah, if the data is anonymized, GDPR does not apply, as I said earlier. So apologies, this may be answered later on, but if you are collecting data from children, young people and vulnerable communities, is it still not legally required in the... Yeah, it is. I will address this in my later slides. If it is anonymous at the point of collection rather than being anonymized later. Yeah, I think so. GDPR does not apply if you anonymize the data later. Keep it yourself. And if you plan to share that data, then you need to deal with it, either on anonymization or to update retrospective consent. So do you need... Good question indeed. Do you need consent for the process of anonymization? Yes, you have to. I will go through in my later slides when I show you the template UKDS proposed for the researchers. And in that template, you will see that you need to inform the participants what you are going to do with the data, how the anonymization is going to take place, how you are going to store the data. Informing the participants is their ethical right as well as legal right. So it's ethically important that you inform the participants about anonymization. So it should be in the consent form what you are going to do with their data, whether it is anonymized, whether it is not anonymized, whatever is going to be done with the data. And another comment, if the data is anonymized, GDPR does not apply to sharing that data. But the researchers still need to inform consent to collect and process that data, ethically speaking. As I said, there are two purposes you obtain consent for, ethics and legal compliance. So in the UK, we do not use consent as a legal base to process personal data. But ethically speaking, you need to inform the participants what you are going to do with their data. If there is no such statement in the consent form, we cannot archive their data. So it's an ethical obligation, so that that is the main difference. While we do not require it legally, but we do require it ethically. I hope so, I'm clear, but you will be clear after some slides. So the next section is about how to seek consent. It includes format, student consent, documentation, methods and record keeping sort of things. So consent can be given in written or oral form. The format of the consent depends on the kind of research. However, it is important that whatever format is used, written or verbal, it should be documented. You need to document how it has been gained, what information was being provided and what they have agreed to. So as I said, consent can be written or verbal. Both formats have pros and cons. For example, written consent has more solid legal ground. For example, participants have agreed to disclose confidential information. You can show this in writing. And this is the form that is usually required by ethic committees. And most of all, it offers more protection for researchers as they have written evidence of consent. However, it is it cannot be used in some instances such as illegal illegal activities. And on the other hand, verbal consent are best if recorded. But sometimes it is hard to make all issues clear verbally. And most of all, it can pose greater risk for researchers in regards to adequately proving participant consent. And it may also scare people from participating and have them think that they cannot withdraw their consent. So it depends on the project as well, what is best for your project. Typically written consent documentation includes an information sheet and a consent form signed by the participant. And this division allows the background information to be as detailed as necessary while keeping the signature form short and concise. And information sheet should cover the following. I'm sure you are aware with this purpose of the research, what is involved in participating benefits, risk, procedures for withdrawal, future uses of data, such as storage, publishing and archiving and other details of the research, such as funding source, sponsoring institution, name of project, contact details and how to file a complaint if there is any. So researchers also need to make sure that consent form should use simple language and it should allow the participants to clearly respond to points such as they have read and understood the information about the project. They have been given the opportunity to ask questions and they voluntary agrees to participate in the project. They understand that they can withdraw at any time without giving reasons and without penalty and future uses of the information that is being collected, such as publication, data sharing and so on. And signatures and dates of signing for the participant and the researcher should be there as well. And if personal information is collected, best practice is to provide information about how personal information will be processed and stored and for how long. Excuse me. Procedures for maintaining confidentiality should be there, whether real names will be used or not, if data will be anonymized, how it will be anonymized. It should also state procedures for ensuring ethical use of the data, especially in the context of archiving and reuse. If the GDPR applies, then further information needs to be provided in the consent form, such as the contact details of the data controller and just to let you know, data controller is the entity that determines the reason for processing personal data. It could be a data protection officer at your organization or a researcher consent form should also state who will receive or have access to the personal data. It should also have a clear statement on the rights of the participants because participants can request to access their data. They may ask for corrections or even removal of their personal data and these things needs to be communicated to the participants. However, you may use some of the information, some of the information in the information sheet and some in the consent form. So please have a look at UK data service model consent form where you can find detailed guidance along with the template to get a clear understanding. But I will show you the template here in some later slides that are coming up. So different methods can be used to obtain consent. ICO has recommended the following, signing a consent statement on a paper form, ticking an opt-in box on paper or even electronically, clicking an opt-in button or link online, selecting from equally prominent, yes, no options, choosing technical settings or preference dashboard settings, responding to an email is also considered a consent and answering yes to a clear oral consent request. You can see that all these methods fulfill the conditions that are required for the consent, which shows that these are clear, there is a clear affirmative action. It cannot be inferred from silenced pre-tick boxes or any sort of inactivities, thereby opting any of these methods. So it is also essential that researchers are able to demonstrate that data subjects have consented for their personal data to be processed. So records must be kept and used as evidence or for reviewing if and when required. Good record keeping should also include the following, for example, who consented, when they consented, when they were told at that time and how they consented and have the consent withdrawn and so when it was withdrawn. Consent can become invalid if there are doubts over whether someone has consented. If a person doesn't realize they have consented, there are no clear records to demonstrate. No genuine free choice was given or whether to opt in was given or not if there was a clear imbalance of power between a researcher and the individual. Yeah, and it also becomes invalid if the question request, if the consent request was vague or unclear. If pre-ticked opt-in boxes or other methods of default consent were used, the researchers organization was not specifically need. Subjects were not informed about their right to withdraw. Subjects cannot believe withdraw consent or the research purposes or activities have evolved since the original consent. So you see how important these things are if you are using consent as a legal base to share personal data. And though it is not mandatory here in the UK, but from the ethical compliance perspective, these are useful. Which format of consent you have used in your research or you are planning to use? Is it verbal or written? So that's interesting. Someone has, a couple of people have used the verbal ones as well. Online paper, board, start of interviews, written, some extra responses, a tick box in a survey. That's great. So both, both form of consent have been used by some of you. So that's good. So if you remember, I don't think so. People do remember as I can't remember what I have done for the studies I have conducted. Have you given the opportunity to ask questions? If you remember. So majority do remember which is good. So someone says no. If I have to answer, I will say not sure because I have done my PhD a few years ago. And I don't remember whether I have done that or not. If the participants were given the opportunity to ask questions or not at that time. We were not aware of such things. Yeah. So that's very good. Majority of you have given the opportunity to ask questions. That's great. Did your consent form inform the participants about future uses of data such as publications, data archiving? That is again very great if you have done that. Some of the consent forms, the collections we receive from researchers, some of the forms did mention about research publications and out research outboards, reports, but they are missing about any information conveyed to the participant regarding data archiving. So some people do mention publication and other bits, but they do miss the data archiving. And it is important because these days the funders such as ESRC, they make it mandatory that researchers should deposit the data for future reuse within the three months, I think, when they're grants. And so it's very important to convey to the participants that their data is going to be anonymized, sorry, to be shared or archived for future use. I think there is one more. So are you collecting personal information if so have you informed the participants how it will be processed, stored and for how long? Yeah, so these are very important questions that should be in there if you plan to share data, especially if you are planning to share it. So someone in the chat written that they have given the participants the contact details and the contact of their supervisor for any questions they may have. Yes, that is also good. That's great majority of you did and some of you are not sure like me and some have not done that. So yeah, I think that's that's the. That's all. Thank you very much for your responses. I think you may get a chance to get some break from the too much information and content. I'm going to, I have gone through and I'm going to speak to and some points to reflect on the next section focuses on when to seek consent. And obtaining consent for participation in research or for future uses such as publications or for sharing and so data can be a one of occurrence or an ongoing process. Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages. One of consent is used for taking part in a research project only once it is simple and at least hassle to participants, but there are disadvantages such as sometimes research outputs are not known in advance and the participants will not know about all the information they will be contributing to. So that is the main disadvantage. On the other hand process consent is requested continuously throughout the research project. It ensures active consent, but it may not get all the consent needed before losing contact with the participants and it can be repetitive for participants and they may be annoyed. So I don't think so that in the research community that is the preferred way. There are situations where special considerations are needed when seeking consent. It is beyond the scope of this session to go through all of these. However, you can find detailed information on these on our website. I have added a link at the bottom of the slide. So can check the all the information in your own time. Sometimes researchers are faced with the challenges when sharing or archiving data, especially if the data contains personal information and cannot be anonymized. And at that time of data collection, they do not consider obtaining consent for future uses of data specifically archiving and sharing. And in that case, they may consider retrospective consent. However, if participants cannot be traced depositing the data in a repository will need to be assessed on a case by case basis to identify whether it is appropriate to share it or possibly presented to the ethics board for review and decision. The assessment is made based on the risk, harm benefits, disclosive nature of the data and so on. And in addition, sometimes researchers are faced with the challenges when participant asked to withdraw from the research. This is challenging, especially if the data has been collected or archived. This also needs to be considered on a case to case basis, but it is best if researchers consider this in advance and provide information about this in the information sheet or consent form. Sometimes there may not be a problem as the personal data is not shared or it may be anonymized, but sometimes in qualitative studies where there are very less participants, it could be very damaging. So researchers can consider for dealing with participants wishing to withdraw. They could seek a meeting to explain to the participant the cost of this to the project or they could discuss whether some of the data could be kept. For example, if data can be completely anonymized or not. And there are circumstances where no form of consent can be obtained. These situations are exceptional and will need again a case by case review and clear arguments to satisfy the requirements of ethic review boards. And there can be varied reasons why consent is not possible. Limited capacity may prevent a person from being fully informed data may have already been collected for another purpose that did not require consent such as larger government administrative data where consent may not be technically feasible. So you can get all these in a detailed form on our website. In addition, participants perception or if the sample comprises of children and vulnerable people. Patients poor awareness of their rights failure to provide adequate information absence of consideration of participants education level or cultural background time constraints on clear language. All these are the challenges that researchers do face. And in terms of data sharing, if not communicated clearly participants are skeptical of confidentiality issues as well. So always try to think carefully always be open to discussions. So now I'll show you some real examples from the consent forms that depositors have used to deposit their data with us. But before that model consent from from the UPS, I'll show you that. But before showing the model template. The information in the consent form can be broken down into three key areas. So information related to participation in the research, how the information collected will be used by the research and information about future uses by the researcher or by other researchers if data would be shared. So just keep in mind these three key areas when you look at the screenshots of the model consent form of UK data service in the following slides. So this is and this is the screenshot of the UK data service model consent form one section. This section is about taking part in the study. So I'll let you read it first. So you can see that it has captured several several aspects such as participants have read and understand the information about voluntary participation withdrawal. It also explains what they have to do how information is being collected or if there are any potential risks. So this is the first section in our template. So this is the second section in the template, which is about the uses of information or data being collected. It also addresses the confidentiality aspect by asking what can or cannot be shared. And then this section in the template is informing the participants about future use and reuse of the information. All the information where the data will be deposited and it also mentions that in which form, whether it is anonymized or if available under restrictions. So this answers one of the questions in the chat about whether we need to inform the participants about anonymization or not. So these are some example extracts that have been used in real consent forms that were deposited by the researchers. I'll let you read it quickly. So the first extract focuses on two things future uses of data and also all forms of data audio recordings transcripts and photographs are mentioned separately addressing the condition of granularity. And in the second example, participants are being informed about the future uses such as a report content of a website archiving we use by other researchers here. You can see that they have also been told that they may be contacted again. If their personal data or a code of photograph will be used which shows an active consent or process. Again, another extract that provides information regarding archiving who will have access to the data and on what conditions and it also states that we use purposes as well. And both of these extracts show how confidentiality can be maintained, how personal data will be stored, who can have access to it and on what conditions and where it will be stored. Yes, someone mentioned in the chat that length of use or archiving not mentioned. Yeah, maybe in some extracts archiving is not mentioned, but I have added here to highlight another purpose and length of use should not be mentioned. Time of storing personal data should only be mentioned and it is based on institutional policies. If you store data with UK data service, it is in perpetuity. It is not stored for some for specific number of years. So, yeah, it's good that you mentioned that you are going to store the data, archive the data in such and such repository for in perpetuity. And for the personal data, if it is stored in your institutional machine, you can say that depending on your institutional policy that it is it will be destroyed after so and so years. Personal data should not be kept if it is not required. So, I'm sure by now you have an understanding that though not legally, but ethically, we need to inform the participants about the future uses of the data we are collecting. Unfortunately, most of the time we receive collections that have problematic consent forms for example statements like these. For example, this first statement any information that I give will be used for research only and will not be for any other purpose. And I understand that only the research team will have access to the information I provide such statements precludes data sharing. We cannot deposit the data if the consent form have such statements and the only alternative is to go back to the participants and obtain retrospective consent, which is always not at all. So, these always try to avoid such statements in your consent forms because these preclude data sharing, then they are usually advised to obtain as I said they are usually advised to obtain retrospective consent. And it's not an ideal situation. Another problematic statement is data will be destroyed after so and so years or when research is published or grant ends. This also precludes data sharing. Here researchers need to specify which data. Do we mean data which will be contained in the research data set as well? What about funder requirements to deposit and share data? Here again it is about providing clarity to participants around which data will be deleted specifically and which will be archived. So, you need to mention that personal data will be destroyed and the remaining data will be archived. It's just providing clarity. Most of the time they wanted to indicate personal data but missed the term personal. So, here is an example from health research authority. It is a very nice example about a blood donation study. And I'm not sure how many of you are health researchers but this may give you an idea how to present information to the participants. Here they have combined information sheet and consent form in one document. And on the title page they have added consent statements addressing most of the conditions we have gone through. So, you can see that on the second page they have provided information. Why is the study needed? What does taking part in the study involve? Why have I been invited and am I eligible? Do I have to take part? What should I do if I want to take part? What happens during the process? What will happen to their blood sample or you can say their information collected? What happens immediately after I enroll? What happens next? Benefits, race, information about withdrawing. And who will be able to use the information? Can I know the results? Who is organizing and funding? Who has approved the study? What will happen next? What happens if something goes wrong? Do I need to contact? So, a very comprehensive list I would say. So, the takeaway message from today's workshop is do not collect personal data if it is not essential. And always indicate clearly in the consent form where the participant's consent is asked for processing the personal data or it is asked for participation in the research. Keep consent forms under constant review indicate the future uses of data, especially the archiving. These are some of the resources that you will find very useful in terms of the consent form. There is this one, the RIA elder consent form visit. It's an online thing. You just keep on answering the questions that it will prepare your consent form. So, you will find these resources useful. And thank you very much for attending today's session. You can always send me an email if you have any specific project related questions and I am happy to answer that.


Welcome to the NTN Nightly, I'm Nisha Charles, this edition's top stories. Saint Lucia's serving in the British Army to form part of this year's independent celebrations. Elective and dazed surgeries resume at the Victoria Hospital. Over 200 cruise passengers take part in the run-for-form cruise marathon. All that plus the NTN Nouvelle Arquéole. A contingent of Saint Lucia's serving in the British Army will form part of Saint Lucia's 41st Independence Anniversary Celebrations. Some 21 military personnel will take part in a range of activities, apart from the Independence Military Parade on February 22. On Wednesday, they paid an official visit to the Governor General, Sir Emmanuel Neville Snack, Channel Norfolk reports. It is an historic event which speaks to the strong bond of friendship that exists between the United Kingdom and Saint Lucia. Saint Lucia's from the British Army will participate in Saint Lucia's 41st Independence Celebrations. The contingent is comprised of 21 military personnel who are all Saint Lucia Nationals. They will also be participating in a range of engagement activities, apart from marching in the Independence Day Military Parade. Governor General of Saint Lucia His Excellency Sir Emmanuel Neville Snack welcomed the contingent on Wednesday, reminiscing about his own time spent in the UK. He highlighted the qualities of Saint Lucia's that set them apart from the rest of the world. Saint Lucia is, in fact, the pearl of the Caribbean, as beautiful as an island could be. All we have, we usually say, is sand, sea and sky, but we have that friendliness when we call every stranger friend.  And is that friendliness this calm about Saint Lucia's which make them well received and respected anywhere they go? Resident British Commissioner Steve McCready indicated that this event was testament to the strong bonds between the two countries. It's wonderful there here. The only other thing I'm going to say, Your Excellency, is I feel if I had to sum my job up in one phrase here, it's about the Saint Lucia UK friendship. And two subsections to that.  So I always appreciate that and I always feel that every time I have the privilege to engage with you and it's the same today. And I can think of no better statement, gentlemen, about the Saint Lucia UK friendship than all of you being here, especially for Saint Lucia's 41st Independence celebrations. It's a marvellous thing. I'd have to say that the few years I've been here, every year, Your Excellency, I've had people say, why can't we have members of the British Armed Forces here? You have made that happen. So linking up your friendship, Your Excellency, with your visit, gentlemen, I think is a marvellous, marvellous thing. The contingent on Wednesday visited several schools, which included the Grosillais Primary School and the Gordon and Walcott Memorial Methodist School. They also made a donation to the Saint Lucia Blind Welfare Association. They are looking forward to seeing their families, engaging the public and participating in the parade. Neve Dashival is a Staff Sergeant in the British Army. For me, my family never had the opportunity to see me pass out from basic training and I could speak for a few other guys here with me. So that's an opportunity to have your family and friends. You know, to see you actually on a parade, being that it's not in the UK, but you know, we'll still be wearing our dress, number two dress. So you know, it would be a pleasure to have them in. The contingent was hosted by the Governor-General at Government House on Wednesday 19 February 2020. For the Government Information Service, I am Janelle Norville. The Victoria Hospital has resumed elective and day surgeries at the institution. This following the temporary suspension of these services due to an increase in intensive care unit ICU patients. The increase was a result of chronic diseases as well as a rise in violent cases. Medical Director of the Victoria Hospital, Dr. Alicia Eugene Ford, is asking the public to continue to put measures in place to manage their health. As well as to avoid being admitted to the unit for long periods. We now have three patients in the ICU department, intensive care unit.  Do not drive when you're drunk. Try to ride your motorcycles, but do so if a helmet. We're asking persons to resolve their conflict amicably and also to take their medication and do the necessary so that we would have less persons coming into the Victoria Hospital when it comes to persons that would warrant ICU. Dr. Eugene Ford says that the hospital is working with other stakeholders to better manage increased ICU cases as well as reviewing its own protocols with regard to admissions. So what we have done at the level of the Ministry of Health is that we are working with, we are working towards having a consultation sometime on the 5th of March with other agencies like the police, civil society organizations, churches. In that way we'll be able to discuss and see what we can do to improve the situation we have on ground which will ultimately improve our ability to manage cases within the ICU of Victoria Hospital. And that was medical director at the Victoria Hospital, Dr. Alicia Eugene Ford. Meantime the Victoria Hospital celebrates the birth of triplets at its facility in more than 10 years. More in this report from FNNN. There was triple the joy for a mom when a baby girl and two baby boys were delivered at the maternity unit of the Victoria Hospital on February 11th. The triplets were born via caesarean section with two of them weaning at four pounds for ounces and the other at four pounds six ounces. Consultant, pediatrician Dr. Ira Simmons spoke on the safe delivery of the triplets and expressed the light that the newborn babies are healthy. Prior to delivery, we wanted to make sure that the babies were old enough so that we wouldn't have to use any ventilatory support because if they're born too young the lungs are not mature and therefore we need to ventilate them and we don't have many ventilators at Victoria Hospital. So over the three weeks that she was in hospital before delivery we made sure we gave mommy some special medications so that it could mature the baby's lungs in the womb and by the time the babies were born thank God we didn't have to ventilate them. Consultant, gynecologist Dr. Lucila Chan says The birth of the triplets is definitely a momentous occasion for both the family and the hospital which calls for celebration. Last Tuesday we had to deliver her because the babies as generally the rule with triplets they tend to come early so we had to take her in for caesarean delivery which went very well. We had full support of the pediatric team they came out in a huge contingent together with full support of the obstetric team and that delivery went very well. Smoothly we were worried about things like blood loss mother not doing very well. The fortunate thing is she was a weak so she was part of the experience. She received what is called a spinal so she had no pain she was comfortable and was able to celebrate the delivery of her babies. Mother of the newborn triplets, Melika Sinai says she was extremely delighted and overwhelmed at the birth of her three bundles of joy. The mom also expressed gratitude to the doctors and nurses for ensuring a safe delivery of the babies. Reporting from the communications unit of the Ministry of Health and Wellness, I am Fennel Neptune. And this is the NTN Nightly. We'll be back in a moment. After two days of fierce competition, three schools from primary schools and lower secondary schools emerged winners for the National Science Quiz. The national event took place at the John Audlum Secondary School last week. Anise Antoine has more. The Ministry of Education continues to develop the love for science among students through the National School Science Quiz. This year, each of the eight districts were represented by a primary and secondary school. The two-day quiz tested the students' knowledge of science facts. The Piero Combined School and the St. Joseph's Convent emerged as the winners of the National School Science Quiz. Curriculum Officer for Natural Sciences, Giannetti George, expressed her satisfaction with the new layout of the competition. And this year, we are particularly proud of the structure of our quiz because we changed it. You know, with science, you must expect things to evolve. Things cannot be stagnant. It cannot be the same. So we decided to change the format and to make it more of our own. So we have a new format which is sort of like a jeopardy-like. But we have our own theme song and which we are very proud of. It was composed by Mr. Jason C. Joseph, the Curriculum Officer for Music. So we are very proud of that and everything went so well. The students were so excited. Everyone enjoyed themselves and of course, there was lots of competition. But in the end, the students are all winners. By virtue of the fact that their hair competing, it means that they are winners. George noted that the national science quiz was held under the theme science and technology pillars of entrepreneurship and innovation. And this theme is very timely because as you are aware, almost every sector requires science and technology. If you think about it, jobs of the future, jobs that have not even yet been created will require science and technology. And it's for this reason we want our students to see science in a greater scope, not just an academic endeavor, but part of society, part of career, part of everyday life. The science quiz was held at the John O'Dlam Secondary School in Marigold from Wednesday, February 12th to Thursday, February 13th, 2020. From the Government Information Service, I am Anisia Antoine reporting. Over 200 cruise passengers from Norwegian cruise lines participated in the annual Run for Fun Cruise, Incorporated 5K Racing event on February 19th, 2020. The return race from Point Seraphine to the Vigy Lighthouse was met with much anticipation and adrenaline, with efforts underway to establish a cruise conversion program that would see cruise visitors return to the destination for long periods. Several hotel partners came on board to offer incentives to the guests. Run for Fun Cruise participants presented. The Saint Lucia Tourism Enhancement Fund, the TEF, with backpacks and school supplies that will be donated to deserving students island-wide. Serenity vacations and tours sponsored this year's event in collaboration with several partners which include the Saint Lucia Hospitality and Tourism Association, the Ministry of Tourism, Wynwood and Leeward Brewery and the Carabcation. And do stay with the NTN Nightly. Up next is Pond Miss Hutchinson with the NTN Nouvelle Arquero. Saint Lucia on the move to improve it's time to unite for the sake of tourism We need restaurants, operators, taxi drivers, craft and food vendors It's up to you and me to keep Saint Lucia way above the rest Sharing your information is so important to cover economy We'd rather move to improve Call the Ministry of Tourism at 468 4629 to be part of this movement. Welcome back. We joined Primers Hutchinson for the NTN Nouvelle Arquero. The youth of the country participated in this session as it did all the years in the event of the anniversary and the event of this year. This session was held on Monday, February 18th, 2020. This youth had a lot of fun among them was education. The motion that was given to the Parliament was established in a national way that could balance and embrace a total development of the youth. This Ministry of Education was positive to support the construction of the plant that was established in the session of the Parliament of the Youth. According to the Ministry of Plant, as the year went by, knowledge was considered development of the youth. I agreed considerably for example, he said the institutions, parents and guardians of the youth who would like more development and education of these youths. Particularly, the ability to collaborate as you can prepare to enter the field. The plant that I took agreed to pay attention to its decision factor at school must also have a total approach that will strengthen these students to serve the youth as a tool to achieve my own ability to socialize as well. According to the plant, the youth should help the students to prepare for their future and place them in a position where they can do well to support the development of these youths. In this Parliament, I agreed that the system of education should be able to collaborate with the youth as a whole and also for physical, emotional, social and development of these youths and this is the plant that will help the society of these youths to advance. The Parliament of Youths should be able to do so not only but also the Parliament of Youths such as Chevron, Byron also should establish their national heritage to support the development of education in the field. The Parliament of Youths should be able to enter the primary school and also the examination to determine the youths' ability. So, byron, this examination is not simply for the students at the primary school to help the youths but to ensure that the parents are also engaged. Because if the youth can help the development of these youths, there will be a big problem for the youths to be able to continue the development of these youths to affect the youths at the school. Often, these youths can be done and physically and physically to serve drugs except to affect students to not even equal the examination as an entrance. The Parliament of Youths should be able to advance the development of these youths to be organized by the National Council of Youths to observe the development of these youths to advance the development. The Health Department should be able to advance the development of these youths to protect these young people from the possibility of being able to help them and to help them with the coronavirus. Honestly, in fact, I would like to work with the media to tell them that the Chief Officer of the Health Department Parker Ragnan is the Chief Medical Officer of the Hospital of Victoria, Alicia Eugene Ford who is the head of the Health Department according to the Chief Officer of the Health Department of the Health Department Parker Ragnan is the Chief Medical Officer of the Health Department to improve the operation of these young people to be able to help them to protect these young people from the possibility of being able to help them with the coronavirus. Mr Ragnan, I would like to pass the opportunity to see the restrictions of these young people concerning the way in which these youths can enter and, for example, the authorities have decided to establish control and support these youths to pass the automatic control. So decision to be part of the 2018 of the 2016 of the 2017 of 2017 of the 2008 the 2019 of the 2018 of the 2018 of the 2018 of the 2018 of the 2018 2018 of the 2018 to visit Senaakuiya and Maritime Declaration of Health. It's a document that provides information as to how these people are doing in these cities. It's also a capital of the West Coast for a lot of documents. It's a portrait of what we have been looking at for clearance, hard customs, and immigration. This is also a point for a group of officers who are composing a health department, a customs officer, and an immigration officer, who have visited all the documents that have been presented, and decisions that have been made, so that they are able to buy clearance for the people who are going to settle here. It's also important to preserve the life of the people who are going to settle here. The medical director of the Victoria Hospital, Elisha Eugene Ford, has said that if you examine the effort that has already been made, you will be able to establish more questions. In particular, if you want to address the issues that have been raised by the officers who have been suffering from the corona virus, you will be able to establish more questions. But you will also need actions that have been made to improve the health of the people who are going to settle here and educate the public. Thank you to the hospital, to the health centre, and to all the people who are going to settle here. I would like to say that if you want to address the issues that have been raised by the officers, you will be able to establish more questions. So, we are going to discuss the issues that have been raised by the officers who have been suffering from the corona virus. We are going to discuss the issues that have been raised because we want to connect with the public. A lot of things that we did, that we started, that we started young people who suffered from the corona virus, we are going to take the public to the minister. We have a lot of classes, but we are already here. We are going to take the public to the minister. So, we are going to take the public to the minister a lot by um lopital Victoria say um the So We have to do what we can to make a lot of extra machines for them. So if they come, we don't have a problem to serve them here. We will be able to help them in the next few years. The Greek Health Department has set up a new precaution that is in place to protect the poor from the possibility of illness to treat a patient. Autonomy of a patient. That's why I made this call to publicize the issue of problems for the use of the service as a disability. That's why I explained that after you introduced this arrangement to Guantillo and Vana, you have been able to work with them until this time. It was complicated for the link to you to go to John Compton Dam for treatment. You have been able to work with them for more than a year, especially in Kaldesac. Because of this situation, I have a problem with Asco, Founidlu for City Plus. The company has declared that as a result of this, you have been able to change the discussion and the engineering technicians to make the service as a disability, to make it possible to conduct the work that is necessary. Asco has also been able to work with them for more than a year and the other employees have also been able to work with them for more than a year. In addition, I have been able to work with them for more than a year. Asco has also been able to provide the services that are needed to conduct this work to try to correct the situation, to make the information that Asco has been able to do. Because of this, the company has been able to continue to inform the employees and advance the work that is needed to provide the services that are needed. The employees can also provide the services that are needed to provide the services that are needed to provide the services that are needed in the business. The employees can also provide the services that are needed in public services. This is a key part of the science. And for this, particularly the residents of Asco and Non-Cyclistica. Thank you very much for your invitation. I would like to thank you very much for your invitation. Thank you very much for your invitation. Thank you, Pyl Primus, and here's a look at what's happening to us weather-wise. Partly cloudy, hazy and breezy, becoming cloudy at times with a few scattered showers. The Atlantic high pressure system will continue to generate moderate to brisk stele winds and rough seas around the eastern Caribbean region for the next few days. Moisture and instability in the lower levels of the atmosphere will cause occasional cloudiness and showers over the eastern Caribbean islands during the next 24 hours. A plume of thick Saharan dust haze will continue to cause a significant reduction in visibility and equality around the eastern Caribbean during the next 24 hours. Tides for Castree's Harbour, high at 1.49pm, low at 8.35pm. Tides for Viewford Bay, high at 2.56pm, low at 10.02pm. Seas, locally rough with waves and a novelie to north-easterly swells, 6-9ft or 1.8-2.7m. Small craft operators and sea bathers are advised to exercise caution due to brisk winds and rough seas. The sun will rise Friday at 6.24am.


Last week, the U.S. fed Powell said the economy faces a long, uncertain recovery. But despite this, on top of the horrible U.S. economic updates, the U.S. dollar managed to hold its head up against the other major currencies across the pond, though the British pound took a beating once again on rising Brexit fears, terrible economic data from the U.K., and geopolitical and pandemic issues putting pressure on risk assets. Welcome to the Tick-Mail Update, I'm Kiana Danielle, the founder of the Investeva Movement. Make sure to subscribe to the Tick-Mail YouTube channel and support us by liking and sharing this video with your forex trading friends. This week will be eyeing the U.K. employment change, Canada's inflation rate, as well as the ECB monetary policy meeting accounts. Today, I'm looking at the dollar swissie pair, which has continued within the symmetrical triangle chart pattern we identified weeks ago. As the range narrows down, there is less opportunity for range traders, but we could also be reaching the end of the calm before the storm, depending on which direction the pair breaks out. We could see a brand new opportunity. The dollar swissie typically bounces within the wider range between 1.01 and 0.92 in the longer term. Since the pair recently visited the lower range level, there is a higher chance we'd see the pair break out towards the upper range level this time around. Now, do you think the bulls will outweigh the bearers? Head over to the comment section and let me know. Of course, trading the financial markets involves a risk of loss and it should only trade the money that you can afford to lose. If you liked this video, give it a thumbs up, subscribe to the Tick-Mail YouTube channel and we'll get back to you with more updates tomorrow.


A hot mic. Hot mic hot wife. Let's put them together and what do you got? I think you have a hot mic and a hot wife. And he had a camera to that. Yikes. Oh yeah. Juicy!  I'm Stephanie. And you can follow us on Instagram and Twitter. Juicy content! That's not that juicy. I just post pictures of Leland. Yeah, but who here doesn't like Leland? It's true.  Well, you're wrong. Yeah, a thousand percent correct. You can't not like the most adorable best child in the world. Anyways, today we got a new trailer that dropped. It's a Tamil trailer. Okay. It's called, do you want to try to pronounce that? Diyam, kydyam. And it's supposed to be pretty intense. It's also starring Rithi Surish. Yikes. I apologize. You guys know I'm terrible at everything. But yeah, I'm getting a lot, a lot of requests for this. It's supposed to be pretty intense. We will see. Maybe it's just a lighthearted fair and everybody was lying to me. Okay. Here we go. Oh, wow. Pretty. What a shot.  Okay. Do you have a glass eye? What is this film? I'm so happy. It's like sweet cathartic release. Ah, that was nice. It's so interesting. One, love the trailer. Yes. I absolutely love this trailer. I think it's one of the best trailers I've seen in a long time. Not just because murder. Even though the murder does help the trailer.  In film, everyone, calm down. But it's so interesting what they were doing. Because obviously we've seen, you know, where people get assassins or I don't know what these people are or what their deal is. But then they also have this opening part, which is black and white. Boy. Yeah. And is this entire thing even part of the film? Or is it almost? Well, obviously the killing stuff, all about like the interview process, this whole kind of boy in the desert kind of thing. What'd you think? I loved it, obviously. But what'd you think? That's not usually your cup of tea. I think it was a good trailer. I think you're right in describing it as intense. Yeah. I think people were correct in their assessment of an intense trailer. Because at first I was just like, okay, I don't see anything intense.  And then now we're killing people. It's great. Yeah. And also if those are the two actors that we said in the beginning, I do apologize for butchering your name. But you both looked amazing if that's who you are. I think all the acting looked incredibly grounded, which is, you know, something I love, actual grounded acting. Let's see. The story of... What was I saying? The story is... Purportedly based on a real life incident which took place in the 1980s. What? What does that word? Purportedly. What is that? Is that reportedly from a port? Or what is purportedly? I'd never heard that. That was the definition of purportedly. I mean, we can look it up, I guess. Have you heard that word? You're smart, so I wouldn't shock me if you've heard that word. I've just... That's not a word I hear a lot. As appears or as stalled stated to be true, though not necessarily so. Okay. So it's allegedly true. Gotcha. And it looks like this director is the second time director. The film was rocky, which I heard a lot about. Yeah. A lot of people... I think it was another really intense film. And I think a lot of people... You guys can let us know if that's a film we should check out. But I remember a lot of people saying it was another really intense. Because obviously this director really likes this... This kind of gritty style of... Is it just like a couple that is like...  Like... I'm so... It looks like they're both husband and wife, Raman Raghav 2.0 kind of. Right. Is what it looks like. So it's allegedly based on real life incidents. But I guess there's no actual proof. Yeah.  Comes out on May 6th on Amazon Prime Video. Yeah. This looks amazing. And I'm wondering how long the runtime is. Because even though it looks really cool, It looks like it's more of an indie vibe. So I'd imagine around two hours. But it's Indian. So maybe it's two and a half, three hours. I don't know. That's a whole lot of killing. Yeah. And hopefully, obviously, they didn't just kind of show us exactly what the film is. Obviously, there's gonna be a lot more kind of surprises and different stuff. A thousand languages in Indian films such as JV. But man, did this look so good. I'm very excited. I'm very intrigued by the performances in this. The way they're shooting the cinematography of this. I was impressed because I feel like... Like when she first came on screen... You thought she was like a victim, almost. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. And then like, she was more intense than he was. Yeah, she was. Which is very exciting to have like a rum and rug of lady.  And he looks like there's a shot at one minute. It looks like he has a glass eye, right? Yeah. That's what that looks like. Yeah. Something. Something has happened to that eye for sure. Probably stabbed out or something. And then, yeah, and she kind of just like flips a switch, at least in the trailer itself. Yeah. And the way they're filming it is so interesting because it looks... Maybe this is like, present day is black and white and every flashback is in color. Does that happen sometimes? Maybe, but that doesn't really just explain the beginning because it's black and white. With the sand and the boy on the beach.  Yeah, there's something going on with black and white because it's not all black and white here. That's deep. What? It's not all black and white. Anyways, this looks absolutely amazing. What day is it? The 26th of April. So the 6th is what? Next, not this coming Friday. Next Friday. So it'll probably drop Thursday during the day for us. Okay, cool. Well, that's exciting. I'm very excited. I was wondering, I was like, okay, what films can I be looking forward to now that KGF's are gone or ours are gone? Jerseys. And obviously, I know Vikram's coming, but that's not until June. The Ranveer's coming up, obviously, but that's later in May. And so I found it. I found the film I am looking forward to and it is one I cannot pronounce. So let us know what you thought about the trailer. Also, three minute trailer, and it was a good one, which is shocking. We often talk about how three minutes is too long for a trailer, but that's if it's done normally. I think the way it can be done well is like this. And there was another one that was kind of, it kind of just shows one scene almost. Oh, just like a long shot. Yeah, so it's like a long scene and that's kind of the trailer they give you. So you're not giving a lot away. The problem with normal three minute trailers is that if it's cut up like a normal trailer, you almost give away the whole film in three minutes, I feel, oftentimes. Anyways. I feel like I know nothing.  And it's going to be amazing. Anyways, let us know what you thought about the trailer and any other information we need to know down below.


Hello, bonjour, today I'm doing the review of the Gaomon M10K 2018, I appreciate it. It's a small tablet without a display, if you can see it, and it has an interesting price because I saw it around $60 on the internet. But I will do this review on an operating system based on the Linux kernel and for digital painting with Krita and of course with my French accent. That's my quest, if you don't know the channel, to keep a 100% free Libre and open source workflow. I do that since 10 years. What to say, health? I wasn't paid by Gaomon, I only received the tablet and it's not a sponsored video, I have here full freedom. I produced this content because Gaomon collaborated with the Digimon project, they did so because I recommended them to do so and I'm very proud of that. So let's start this review. The tablet comes inside a well-packed white box with a gold logo and the tablet itself is protected by a protective plastic bag. And talking about bag, Gaomon also deliver a bag in the box made of fabrics and I appreciate that because you always need one when you transport the unit or when you store it. So that's a good detail.  About the stylus, it also comes with one of this felt bag, I like that because it's also convenient for transport here again and it has two buttons, no eraser and also like the tubular shape of it. There is basic documentation and a glove. Perfect. Oh, I almost forgot, there is also a USB cable to connect the unit to your computer. All in all, it's really surprising to see all these tiny bonuses on a tablet at this range of price. That's very cool. The overall design is clearly an imitation of the vacuum intuos tablets. There is no originality here but it works and it's pleasant to watch. The surface is smooth and with a slight texture. That's my favorite type of overlay surface. Not too smooth, not too textured. That's a very good point. The pen feels a bit too lightweight as if it was made of an empty plastic shell. I'm not used to that but I like the shape it has, as I said, tubular and not the shape of a pier. That's good. The tablet is thin and it has a port on the side to connect it to a USB port of your computer. The tablet has 11 buttons and a touch ring. The feeling of the button in general is standard and ok. Just a bit noisy and a bit plastic but that's really a standard with all the tablet I tested. And I really wish in general the brand of tablet took more care about this button. About the driver on Linux, at the first connection on my Kubuntu nothing happened. But I went directly to the Digimen website and downloaded the latest driver, a Debian package. And after that I only had to do a little bit of setup so the Digimen driver could recognize the tablet. For example a quick lsusb command allows to copy the identifier of the tablet. Then after that with this identifier you can create a x11 rule. It's not a long work. Then after a reboot you have the tablet recognized and managed by the xsetvacom command line tool. So don't expect here a graphic user interface. xsetvacom command line tool allows you to control all the aspects of your tablet and it's not really complex. You just need to write the command inside a script file and put this file to auto execute at startup of your system. And you're done. It's something you do only once and then you might tweak along on the way. So I will put all my script and explanation for this tutorial into the description. There is a link to a blog post. And with this script you can assign the surface to a specific display. You can change also all the buttons and you can also change the button on the stylus. The only part that I couldn't get to work is the touch ring thing. So to conclude I will start to speak about what I like and what I like the most is the free and libre driver for this tablet because as you can see once you get this done right the tablet is just working on every application. And then I will continue to speak with a demonstration of an artwork in Krita. I spent like 10 hours not on this artwork but in other artwork in general and I wanted to test this tablet a lot. So the second thing I very like is the price because it counts a lot when you choose a tablet and this one is from the lower price I ever see for a tablet. The content of the box is very rich. There is a glove, there is a lot of gears for doing transport. I very appreciate that. And something that I also very like is the resolution because it's a medium-sized tablet but it has a very precise resolution, more precise than the tablet I own it so far. So even with a large display you can still have some precision and in my demonstration as you can see I can do some line art, I can do some sketching. I just have to zoom a little bit maybe a little bit more than with my large tablet but it works very well. And then I will tell about the surface, the smooth surface. You will not have to replace the nib a lot because it's smooth. That's the feeling I like when I draw. And the design because there is no big branding on the tablet. There is not the brand Gaomon right hand on it and I really like that. It's sober, it looks good and also you can flip it to get a left-handed mode. Not all tablets think about that but there is right-handed, there is left-handed and a lot of left-handed on the artist community. So this is good that this model is versatile and have all of this. So now about the thing that I thought I would have a little problem with it but my opinion shifted during the test. For example there is the lightweight aspect of the stylus after using it for 10 hours. It just feel normal for me now, there is no problem with it. The fact that I couldn't set up the touch dial or the ring, I never set up it on my other tablet either so it's not really a problem. Now this is some specification the tablet doesn't have so the tilt and no eraser when you flip the stylus but same here that's not things that I'm using very often so I can't miss really them. And at last the medium size. I was a bit worrying that I couldn't use this tablet with a 24 or 27 inch display and that was false. The resolution makes it very usable and very versatile with this type of large display. It doesn't mean that I will switch for this tablet. I'm still very very in love with my very big Intuos 4 XL tablet and it will remain my default for a long time I'm sure but I'm very impressed with this medium size and with this resolution. At the end I want to finish on the thing that I dislike about this tablet and it will be mainly about the fact that there is a common line install process and no graphic user interface. I'm used to do that but I know that for other artists if they want just to install a Ubuntu or a Linux Mint and they have to do that.  If Gaomon give me a link to a place where you can buy replacement part I will write that in the update or in the blog post companion. My last item on this list is about the durability. It's something that I couldn't test obviously in two days and I don't know how this hardware will behave if I use it that for two years for example. I had some feedback that the plug might become a little bit fragile if you use it very often so just keep that in mind be gentle with it and it should be okay. All in all I'm impressed the surface is okay the pen pressure is okay I can set up almost everything it has a free lib driver and all of that for a very cool price. Bravo Gaomon! Bravo! You will find also on the description a link to a promotional offer by Gaomon. They give me that so there is a special offer one week after the release of the video. I'm not winning any money on this it's only for you. Thank you very much for all the good statistics of the channel. It's because of that there is more and more brand that come to my mailbox and ask for a review and I can ask them a Linux driver and a free lib driver because I'm using only that. So you see how it works. Thank also to the supporter of my webcomic and the channel. Without them I would have no time to do that. You know recording the video, doing the video editing in CAD and live on Linux. All of that takes a lot of time and I'm able to do that because of them. So thank you very much for that. See you later. Bye bye.


8. 8. Boom. Alright, and then let's do our norm.dist equals norm.dist. We're picking up the mean, F4 in the keyboard, making it absolute, comma, standard deviation, and F4 in the keyboard, making it absolute, comma, hold on, first was the X. I have to pick up the X, I got ahead of myself. And then comma, then the mean, then the mean. So then the mean, and then F4 in the keyboard, making it absolute, comma, then the standard deviation, standard D, F4 in the keyboard, making it absolute, and comma, and then we want a zero or false closing up the brackets and enter. Let's percentize and decimalize, home tab, number group, percentize, decimalize, double click in the fill handle to bring it on down. So there we have it. Let's take the z-score, which is going to be equal to brackets, the three minus the mean, F4 in the keyboard to make it absolute, closing up the brackets, dividing by the standard D, F4 in the keyboard, and enter. Let's decimalize it, home tab, number group, decimalize, and double click to bring it down. So there we have it. Now if I, so if I looked at this bell curve kind of relationship, I can start to compare like the z-scores. So remember, I can't really compare the units themselves, but I can start to look at the z-score and I can say, okay, well this, this one, like this four, I don't see anyone, a four over here, but this 3.62 is similar to this 3.62, right? So if I like, huh, that's interesting, right? We can kind of see patterns happening here, 3.62, 3.62. And then I can be like, well this 2.8, is there, there's a 2.88 here. And so let's make this a different color and say, hmm, 2.88, 2.88. And if we looked at, if we looked at one foot, one foot, 1.41, I'm going to say 1.41, and compare that to the z-score over here, you're like, all right, 1.41 is 12 inches, right? So we kind of see that, that sounds 12 inches is one foot, z-score is the same. You see how you, we see a relationship happen, if there's, if I go to 24 inches, say I think I see a pattern here, 24 inches, that's 0.67, I would think that would be like two feet, 0.67. So you see, you see how these things are, you could say, you could start to see where the patterns are lined up because of the z-scores could kind of help you to line things up and say, okay, I think there's, there seems to be a relationship here. And that's in essence what the z-score is kind of doing. So what we'll do, we're going kind of long here. So I'm going to copy the formula on the z-score, and it's going to look something like this. So next time we'll, we'll consolidate, right now we've kind of come very, we're like, there's got to be a relationship between these data sets, right? We already know there's a relationship, but we can say, well, I noticed that it conforms to a bell curve. And I noticed that both the inches and the feet conform to a bell curve. And then when I plotted out the actual, like a bell curve based on the data for inches and feet, I can kind of see a relationship between the z-scores. And so now I could say, well, can I use those z-scores to kind of define the relationship mathematically? And here's the formula that we'll look into. We're going to sum up, in essence, the first z-score minus the second z-score over the n minus one. And the n minus one is the number of items minus one, which usually corresponds or ties into when we're using the sample data as to like the population data. And so, and so this will give us our formal kind of z-score calculation. And we'll do it a couple, we'll calculate that a couple different ways next time. I said formal z-score. It'll give us, we already calculated the z-scores, but the z-scores will be used within it to get the formal correlation calculation. And we'll do that next time.