Okay, the recording is started. Good morning, everybody. Welcome to the class, BC 214, developing the human spirit. So let's pray together and then we will get the class started. Just request somebody to lead us to leave the class in prayer. Good somebody. Please unmute your mic and just pray with all of us. All right. Maggie and then to please pray with us. Thank you, Pastor. Let's pray. Father, we thank you for this morning. We thank you for this opportunity to learn how to develop our mind, Lord, to develop our spirit, Lord, so that we are in tune with your word, we are in tune with your Holy Spirit, Lord, so that we may bear much fruit, Lord, and we may also walk close to you. We may hear you personally, Lord. We will become one as you are one of the Father Jesus. We will ask you, Pastor Ashish, to give him right words and right way of speaking things so that we, our people of mind, can understand and can grasp what is teaching in your mighty name, Lord Jesus, we pray. Amen. Amen. Amen. Thank you, Maggie. Once again, good morning, teacher of you. Thanks for connecting to the class today. So we're going to start off with just an introduction and overview of what this course is about. What is our motivation in this course? What are we trying to achieve? And then we'll get into the first lesson. So let's look at the course overview. I have shared these PDFs. Alright, so BC 214, Developing the Human Spirit. So what are we, what's the motivation and why are we doing this course? Now I have to also inform all of us that this is the first time we are doing this course at the Bible College. So, you know, it's, we are putting this, this course together. Now the motivations to why we decided to introduce this course is simply this, that what we have been seeing in the, in the Christian Church, I'm specifically talking about the training of ministers. So when you look at Bible Colleges, when you look at seminaries and the kind of training that's happening, a lot of emphasis is being placed on intellectually understanding things. So, you know, there's a lot of intellectual knowledge and people argue and debate and they're differing ideas and opinions. And so on the same, on the same theological subject, you will have a wide range of opinions and ideas and so on and so forth. And so there's so much of intellectual exercise happening in colleges that are preparing people for ministry. But when you really look at it, ministry is something that flows out of our spirit and not just our minds. And we do believe in developing our minds. That means we need to be intellectually sharp and strong and all of that. But no devil is going to leave just because, you know, we are intellectually strong. Demons are not going to flee and we're not going to be necessarily able to help people spiritually, just because we're intellectually strong. That requires something different, which is being spiritually strong, right? Because the work of the ministry, as we will see, is something that comes out of our spirit. Paul said, you know, I serve God with my spirit, Romans chapter one. So the ministry we are doing is something that comes is a spiritual work. Of course, we need a sharp mind and we need a healthy body to serve God. But it comes out of our spirit. And also the Christian life that we live, it is a life in the spirit, right? The Bible tells us to walk in the spirit. Yes, we're going to use our mind, our renewed mind. But we have to walk in the spirit. That means the condition of my spirit, my spiritual being, is going to really determine my Christian life that I live here on earth. It's not dependent on just my intellectual strength. So we're not against being intellectually sharp and strong and developing our mind. But the emphasis should be equally placed, or perhaps even more so, on the development of the spirit. But unfortunately, all our efforts in training ministers and also in the church and ministering to people seems to focus on the mind, on the intellectual part. And there's hardly much done for the development of the spirit. And so it is from that burden, so to speak, or from that observation that we said, you know, we really need to put the emphasis where the emphasis should be which is on developing our spiritual lives. And so that's why we said, okay, let's bring this course in to help all of us understand the human spirit. And then to understand the faculties and the functions of the human spirit, to understand how God deals with us in our spirit and then into our mind and body. And having received that understanding, we also want to talk about what are the ways we see in scripture to develop the human spirit, the ultimate objective is so that we will all be strong in our spirit. And then life and ministry can happen from our spirit and out into our mind and body. So that's the burden, that's the motivation behind this course. You know, we've thought about these things in different bits and pieces, but to bring them all together in a course and then to share it and share it with our students. This is the first time we are doing it. And so it's going to be a learning process for everyone. We are going to learn how to bring the course to the students and also ask questions and we have interactions. You know, we will definitely learn and grow in this together, but it's really amazing to see how much is there in the scriptures concerning what the function and the role of the human spirit is. And we are going to discover that in this course. The rest of the things are pretty much standard, except that for this course we are going to do just one lecture a week. So, you know, this is the first time we're doing it. So we'll just allocate one hour and we'll see how things go, how things play out and we could make changes in the future. The assessment is standard. You know, we'll have three assessments and the same standard grading. All right, so that's a quick introduction or a motivation as to why we have introduced this course and I trust that all of us will benefit from this course. Any questions before we get started on the course, about the course? Yes, Samuel, please go ahead.  I think, so Monday, if I'm not mistaken, Monday, the second and third hour we have, so second hour we have this course and third hour I think we have another course with you. And let me pull up my calendar. But I mean, I was thinking, and there is Oh, you're saying two hours of holiness do today and move developed the human spirit to Wednesday morning. That's possible. That could have been done, I think. But yeah, but let's leave things as they are for now because the schedule has been published and different students may have planned things. I mean, yeah, that interchange could be done. Typically, if we had only in-person classes, we would have made the change. But since we have online classes and all that, I think it's a little it might throw a few people off in their schedule if you're getting to know. Sure. Sure. Yeah, I understand what you're saying. Good. Anything else? Any other question about the course before we get started? All right, I hope all of you excited. I hope silence doesn't mean, oh, no, I just threw another one. But I hope you're excited to explore this area with me. And it's an exploration. And we also want to develop ourselves as we journey through this. Okay, so let's get started in our very first chapter or as we get started. The first thing we want to emphasize is the first section, you're understanding the human spirit. So in this first section, we want to get to unpack or uncover or discover what is the human spirit all about? And what are the faculties of the spirit?  And what role does the spirit play in our everyday life? So we want to unpack some of those things just to understand the human spirit and how God deals with us, how God interacts with our spirit. That's what we're going to do in this section. So we probably have number four of my chapters in section one. And then we'll get into section two, which is the functions of the human spirit. And then later on to section three, which is developing what are the practical things God has given to us to make the spirit strong. All right, so let's get started. Now, what I've done is, you know, I've just put the references and we will have to turn into our Bibles and read the scripture text and look at it together. So let's start off with some familiar scriptures. First Thessalonians chapter five and whispering three. Oh, I haven't shared my, sorry, I was excitedly talking and none of you were able to see this. Okay. All right. Okay. So let's turn to first Thessalonians chapter five and verse 23. Please somebody could read that out for us. Shall I read first? Please go ahead. First Thessalonians chapter five verse 23 says, Now may the God of peace himself sanctify you completely and may your whole spirit, soul and body be preserved blameless at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, Amen. All right. So this is a very familiar passage to us, but just to emphasize or probably re-emphasize, reiterate that we as human beings, the Bible reveals to us that we are tri-part beings. All right. So right here Paul saying, may God, may your whole spirit, soul and body be preserved. So this is, may God preserve you and protect you, keep you safe, keep you well, keep you whole in spirit, soul and body at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. Now, so we're focusing on that man as tri-part beings, spirit, soul and body. And we have seen this before, but just to review or repeat, the body is the outer shell. So in other places in scripture, the body is referred to as a tent. The body is referred to as a house or a temple. So it's, it's a dwelling place. It's, it's the outer shell. And then, so it's the physical, it's with the physical body that we relate to the natural realm, the realm in which we live. Then we have the soul, which is our mind, our will and emotions. So it's the, the Greek word is suke, which refers to the psychological part of us. So in some ways, we can think about it as the functions of the brain, but it's not limited to the functions of the brain. There's also the intangible aspect, which is the mind and the emotions. So some of it, you know, can be understood physiologically, but some of it cannot be understood physiologically. Physiologically, it's beyond that. It's the mind and the realm of emotions. But all of that comprises what the Bible refers to as the soul, the mind, the will, the emotions.  So spirit, the spirit is the eternal part of us, which enables us to communicate with God or enables us to interact with the spiritual realm. And the spirit is able to influence the soul and also the body. So spirit, soul and body, right?  And so the Bible tells us the body without the spirit is dead. So when the body dies, the spirit leaves the body. The soul is the intermediary. So it has a, it connects us between the spirit and the body. So there is the physiological side to the soul, which is the functions of the brain. There is also the intangible aspect to the soul, which really connects to the body. And sometimes, and as we will see in the New Testament, together spirit and soul, the Bible talks about it as the inner man, the inner man, right? So when we use the term inner man, sometimes, depending on the context, it could mean exclusively the spirit or it could be the soul and spirit together. When we talk about the soul, we're talking about the intangible aspect of the soul connected with the spirit, which formed the inner man. Okay. So those are things we have seen before. And let's also read Hebrews 4, 12. I know there's a question maybe on the chat, the glass will come to it. Hebrews 4 and verse 12. Can somebody read that for us, please? Hebrews 4 verse 12. Okay. Hebrews 4 verse 12 says, For the word of God is a living, is living and active, shepherd and two-edged sword, piercing the division of soul and spirit and of joints and marrow, and descending the thought and intention of the heart. Hmm. So what we see here in Hebrews 4, 12, what I want to point out is that there is a division of soul and spirit. That means these are two distinct parts of us. There is overlap. Like we were saying, there's an overlap between the spirit and soul. There's an overlap between the soul and the body. There's connectivity. There's overlap. But yet there's also distinctiveness because the word of God divides soul and spirit. It can distinguish, set apart, separate, soul and spirit. So there is that distinctiveness between soul and spirit. They're not the same thing. Sometimes in some parts of Christian world, they just talk about the soul and the spirit as they're the same thing, but they are not. The word of God separates soul and spirit. That means they are distinct and they can be treated in isolation as well. So soul and spirit, the word of God divides soul and spirit. And then I want you all to see what it says. And of joints and marrow. So just as I was talking about, just as there is the physical. It touches our soul and spirit, joints and marrow. And it's a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart. So here you have another word, heart. Now the heart, as we know, is not the physical organ, but the heart is interchangeable with the spirit. So the human spirit in the New Testament is also referred to as the heart. We will see in 1st Peter chapter 3. I know I didn't put it down there. We can look at it right now and we will also come to it a little later. Could we go to 1st Peter 3 and verse 4 please? 1st Peter chapter 3 and verse 4. Okay. 1st Peter chapter 3 and verse 4. But let your adonning be the hidden person of your heart with the imperishable beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit which is God's side, which in God's side is very precious. Thank you. What I want to point out here from 1st Peter 3.4 is that the word heart and spirit are used synonymously, which is what I was pointing out from Hebrews 4.12. So he's talking about the hidden person of the heart. And then he talks about a gentle and quiet spirit. So heart, spirit, used interchangeably. I'll mention this in passing. We will come back to it. But what I want you to see in 1st Peter 3.4 is he talks about the hidden person of the heart. That means the heart or the spirit is your hidden person, your inner person. It's the real you. And what he's of course bringing out in 1st Peter 3 is that the graces of the hidden person come forth and let it, you know, adorn your life with the graces of the inner person. But going back to Hebrews 4.12. The word of God separates spirit and soul. But he also uses the word heart. And in the New Testament, the word heart is used synonymously with the human spirit. Now the reason I'm saying in the New Testament is because in the Old Testament, you will find that the word heart is usually talking about the inner person. That means the inner man, the spirit and soul together many times because the functions of the heart would be spirit and soul together in the Old Testament. But in the New Testament, it's pretty distinct spirit referring to the heart. And we will look, our goal in this course is to understand the human spirit or the human heart. And here you're seeing in Hebrews 4.12 the thoughts and intents of the heart, right? So that means there are the deep motivations that come from the spirit of man. And as much as we have things that come from the mind of man, which is the soul spotter words, there are also the thoughts and the intents, the motivations that come from the heart. Or as we saw a little in First Peter 3.4, it's the hidden person, the real person is the heart or the spirit of man. Okay. So we've looked at three scriptures, 1st Thessalonians 5.23, Hebrews 4.12, 1st Peter chapter 3 and verse 4. I'm going to pause here and just see what the question is that's been raised up. All right. All right. So there's a question. Please provide the Bible reference for the soul consisting of mind, will and emotions. So there is no actual verse of scripture that talks about the soul consisting of mind, will and emotions. There's no singular verse that explains that. But what we this the statement that we make is based on how the scriptures treat the soul. So we do have scriptures like Romans 12.2 talking about the mind, be renewed by the renewing of the mind. And some of the other scriptures are concerning the mind. So based on that, though, you know, the cumulative list of scriptures in the New Testament concerning the soul in connection with the mind and emotions, we put it together. Okay. So there is no chapter and verse that actually tells us the soul is mind, will and emotions, but it's just a cumulative look at all these scriptures that we generally arrive at this conclusion. But as I said earlier, there is an overlap between soul and spirit because of the interconnectivity. There is an overlap between soul and body because of the interconnectivity. And on this end, we understand the brain. We understand that the physiological side, the brain, as you look at it from psychology. Okay. So the brain influences our thinking, our emotions, our feelings, etc. Right. So, okay. All right. There it is. Right. So there's another question from Beth on understanding the spirit. The question is, if the mind, will and emotions comes under the soul, what really is there left of what is in me in spirit? My soul thinks, plans, feels. It's mind, will and emotions. What and how does my spirit do? So that really, so to answer your question, but that's what this course is about, to unpack that the spirit. Right. So we are going to look at the faculties of the spirit. We're going to look at the seven functions of the spirit. Right. So really, let me kind of, in a very concise way answer this question, but the entire course is going to be an answer to this very question. Because, you know, in a lot of our preaching and teaching, we focus so much on the soul. We don't realize the spirit part of us. This is so important. And we don't, we're not really conscious of the faculties of the human spirit and the functions of the human spirit. Right. So the course in that course is an answer to this question. But very, to put it very, very succinctly, the spirit is your real person. The body is not our real person. The soul is not our real person. The spirit is the real person. And the spirit has been designed by God, created by God to be able to connect to the spiritual realm. So we connect to the unseen realm. And we will be mentioning that in the next point. We connect to God. We can experience God. We can know God in the spirit. But the spirit also connects through the soul into the natural realm. Now think about the spirit as a person, meaning the spirit has faculties that it's able to see, hear, taste, smell, and feel or know. The spirit has functions just as, you know, when we understand a person, a person is able to say and do things. The spirit also has functions. And we're going to discover that. And the spirit is a real part of us because it is eternal. Our human body is finite. It's going to die. So one day, you know, all things that we develop in the body, let's say a person goes to the gym and builds all his muscles and all of that. All that's going to go away one day. It's going to die. Same thing with our mind. You know, we go and educate our mind and we develop our mind. But one day when the body dies, all that knowledge will go away. But the spirit is the eternal part of us. It's going to go on and on and on forever. And one day the spirit will be clothed with a glorified body for us who are believers in Jesus. And, you know, that we will discover in a separate course. But what we are going to discover in this course is the role and the functions and the faculties and the functions of the human spirit and how God works in the human spirit. Okay. So it's kind of a small answer to your question. Your question, it really is. It's all about the course and we're going to, then as we go through the course, basically, we are answering that question. Christopher, your question, please. All right. Yes, Pastor. So what I'm trying to understand is also maybe I just got a high level. Spiritual attacks. Do they come via the spirit or do they come mostly from, you know, through the mind? And, or also could it come, you know, through the emotions? And sometimes maybe I don't know whether it comes through the body. So just to the high level, if you could answer that question, please. Yeah. So one part later on coming up later on is the interaction of the human spirit with the spiritual world. But we will answer your question. So when we talk about spiritual attacks, we're talking about evil spirits, demonic powers attacking. And let's assume it's a believer, right? Now, evil spirits cannot attack the human spirit of the believer directly. Why? Because the spirit, the human spirit is the dwelling place of God. It's the Holy Spirit is dwelling there. So the evil spirits cannot go and attack the spirit of a believer directly. So the only way, only other way to try to get in and attack, I mean, try to attack the believer, disturb the believer is either in the natural through the physical body or in the realm of the soul in the mind, will and emotions. What we do see or what we can say is a major effort of the enemy is in the area of the mind, you know, in attacking the believer. That means trying to interject our thoughts or trying to affect our emotions through the means they have, which is through lying thoughts and imaginations. We're trying to interject that into our mind. So that would be the primary way. And then they would try to do things in the natural. So maybe come against the physical body, if it's some sickness or disease, or maybe attack through circumstances and situations, you know, trying to disrupt, disturb, create confusion, animosity, all of these things the enemy can try to do in the circumstance in the natural to try to disturb the believer. Ultimately, they do want to hit the spirit, right? Because that's where faith is and that's where we are rooted and grounded in Jesus, but they can't get there directly. So they will have to try to use either the natural or to use the psychological, the mental soulish realm. Okay. But why do we say that the soulish realm is the most important? Because Satan is a deceiver. So that's his primary two deception. So deceptions usually take place through the mind, you know, by putting in wrong thoughts, lies and deception. He's called the father of lies. So that's his main tool, primary two. So the primary realm of attack will be in the mind, lies and deceptions. Okay. Good questions. Another question here from Divya. What is the difference between the soul and the conscience of a person? Good question. So in section two, we'll be talking about one of the functions of the human spirit, which is conscience. Conscience is really the voice of the human spirit. And it's the moral voice of the human spirit. So what we will see as we go along is God has reprogrammed into the spirit, the human spirit, a law, a moral law. That's why people have a general sense of right and wrong. This is right. This is wrong. You know, lying is wrong. Cheating is wrong. I mean, they don't go to school to get educated on that. I mean, it's something innate in every person. Where did that law come from? We will see in scripture that God put that law in the human spirit in every person. And the expression of the voice of that law coming out of the spirit of man is the conscience. So the conscience is God's moral law being voiced by the human spirit. But sadly, we will also see when we study about the functions of the human spirit is that the conscience can be dulled. And it can also be seared. It can be completely terminated. So what happens? People who are born, all of us who are born innately with a conscience given to us by God can become so hardened like we have no conscience. That means we reach a point where doing wrong, it doesn't disturb us. Why? We have destroyed the voice of our human spirit. We have completely written out the law that God programmed into our human spirit. And so there's no more conscience. The conscience is seared. So they can do anything. Most violent and evil things and not feel bad about it. But they were not born like that. Every person was born with a conscience. So this is one of the functions of the human spirit and we will talk about it. So good questions. Now going back to just understanding the human spirit. So what we said is we are a tripart being spirit, soul and body. And the spirit and soul are distinct. Hebrews 4-12. In the New Testament, heart and spirit are used interchangeably. And also we pointed out that the spirit or the heart is referred to as the person. I'm not sure if there were more questions. I hear some ringing. Okay, let me pause. Okay, Kishen, your question. I don't know if I missed you. You have a question, Kishen? Okay, we can't hear your question. All right, I'll put it down. Put your hand down. Or Simran, you'll have a question. All right, let's go forward. I thought. Okay, Mangi, you have a question. Yes, I have a question. If I understand well, the soul is the medium between the body and the spirit. So whatever comes from whatever the senses of our body picks up before the only way it can reach to our spirit through the soul. And whatever the spirits want to communicate to the body has to go through our soul. So the soul is the decider. It has to decide. So the will... So my question is, when we die, when we go to heaven, does this... Which one goes to heaven? Because the body remains on earth and then now we are left with the soul and the spirit. Which one goes to heaven? Does the soul also go to heaven or is it just the spirit? Thank you. Okay, good question. So basically when a person dies, we are saying spirit, soul and body. When a person dies, what dies, what continues? So we know the body dies. So everything physical dies. It goes back to the dust, decays. So that means the brain, which is a physical organ through which part of the soul is expressed, dies. But there is the inner man, which has the spirit and also the soul functions connected to the spirit that continues. So we would say the body and the soul dies as far as the physical part of the soul dies. But the spirit lives on. But when we say the spirit, we must also understand that there is certain aspect of the spirit, which seems so like, that means the emotions. So the spirit man is not void of emotions. Example, when Jesus gave us a story of the rich man and Lazarus, when the rich man died and he went into hell, he was still conscious. He could feel the torment of hell to the point where he said, at least somebody can dip the tip of the finger in water just to soothe his pain. He knew that he had his brothers here on earth and he said, if somebody could go and tell them about life hereafter, so he was aware of that. So that means that aspect of his soul, his feelings, his emotions, didn't die. So that continues.  But we must keep in mind that the part of us which continue to live is not void of emotions. It is a real person, the hidden person, which has feelings, which has, you know, recognition and so on. So generally we would say the body and the soul of a person dies and the spirit tours 26, right? The body without the spirit is dead. So that means the spirit leaves the body when the body dies. But we must also be clear that when we say the spirit lives, it doesn't mean the spirit has no feelings. The spirit has feelings. So the spirit is the person and we would see that in our interactions with the spiritual realm, there is recognition, there is emotion, there is all the interactions that we would expect of our human person still happens through the spirit. Thank you sir. Thank you. Christopher, your question. So just to add to what you just mentioned, Pastor, would the spirit that has gone to heaven would also include some aspects of the intellect also, you know, memory, for example, recognition of people that we have some of our close ones, loved ones on earth and, you know, possibly other aspects of the intellect. So just wanted to understand that that would also be included. From what we see in scripture, Paul says, you know, we will know even as we are known. So there is knowing happening in the spiritual realm. Now, to what extent would we know things, the sense that, okay, once a person dies and the spirit has gone to heaven, we know that we are in the presence of the Lord, and we know even as we are known and there is spiritual knowing there, we are very aware of God and others there. Will we remember some of things here on earth or will we not? I don't know. I don't know. All right. How much of earth we will remember in heaven? I don't know. But will we know in heaven? The answer is yes, because, you know, the Bible tells us that at least in two places for Corinthians 13 and also in 1 John chapter 3 in both of these places, it says, you know, we will know as we are known. Right. So that means there is knowing. That means I will be able to recognize, I will be able to know the people. But will I know or will I have memory of things here on earth? My feeling is no. Right. We will be able to recognize things in the spiritual realm as we are there. But I don't think we're going to carry memories of things here on earth, there in the sense of remembering all the wrong things we've done or all those things are past. It's gone. That's my understanding, because we do have reference that we will know things in heaven. Okay. All right. We have two more questions. Let's take that before we close. But in some sense, can we say that the spirit is actually the seat of feeling and emotions of understanding God. But while on earth, we are given the soul and also the body to operate through in some degree. Another question, how can some of our soul die and some of it live on unless that is actually coming from our spirit? Yeah. So the first question, I think I would put it this way. The spirit is the real person, which has the faculty of feeling, understanding as we will see. Right. So all the five faculties that we see in the natural physical body are also seen in the human spirit.  So the human spirit has these five faculties. We will see it in scripture. Right. That's coming up, I think, in one of the chapters coming up. So part of the human spirit is the ability to feel. So that's what I was saying. Right. That some of the so the functions of the soul that we understand, which is knowing, feeling, thinking, understanding is scattered by is part of our human spirit. And so when we say the body and the soul die, we must make it clear that it's not the end of our emotions. It's not the end of our will. It's not the end of our ability to think because we said mind will and emotions. So when the soul dies, the body and the physical soul, physical functions, physical brain dies, doesn't mean it's the end of our ability to feel, think because it's part of the hidden person, it's part of the spirit. Is that okay? Should I answer your question? Shree, come on, maybe we'll take your question before we close. Go ahead. Thank you, Pastor. Is it starting? Yeah, we can hear you. Pastor, I just want to need a clarification as you know, as you, as Brother Christopher was asking that question about the memory thing. And I just want to know that when we read Luke chapter 16 about that rich man and the verse 28 says that he actually remembering about his brothers, like when it says that what I have five brethren that he may testify unto, unless they also come into this place of torment. So is the scripture proves that like as we were discussing, that we may not remember the earthly things, but in this passage, I need a clarification that whether even though when, like as you said, like once the man dies or even his brain dies, but that emotion is still there. But is it the part of his remembrance that where he's saying that to the, you know, pleading to the Abraham that my brothers are in trouble, so please send Lazarus. So is it the part of memory or how you will, how you can help me to understand? Thank you, Pastor. Right, right. So I would see it as part of the torment, you know, that this man, the rich man in hell, part of the torment is remembrance. So in some way, the memory is serving as part of the torment, because he probably remembers all the opportunities he had, but he never opened up to God and whatever, you know, and his remembering his family and all of that. So I think that's part of the whole torment that's happening. But we don't have that similar picture of a person who's gone into heaven, having remembrance of earthly things. So that's why, you know, there would be this thing in heaven where that God would, you know, I don't think that torment aspect would be there. But I think Beth has asked a good follow-up question, how do we give an account of our actions before the throne if we don't remember them? Right, so there I think it's going to be, you know, in the second Corinthians, chapter five and also in first Corinthians three, when we stand before the judgment seat of Christ for the work we've done. I feel it's going to be a commendation of the, of the, you know, God's okay, here's the reward for all the good things you've done. It's not, somehow it's not going to be a time of shame. It's not going to be a time of remembering all our failures, but a time of commendation for our faithful service. Right, so perhaps to that extent, there is that remembrance of our faithful service and receiving a reward, but definitely without the torment aspect, because heaven is not a place where we would have to recall our own failures and mistakes and, you know, spend three days in mourning. So therefore, the process of God rewarding us for the good things we've done would be a celebration, would be a very positive thing. And perhaps in that context, there would be remembrance of the works that we're done. Okay, but good question. Thank you. Okay, we're already four minutes past our break time, but let's do this last one here. Yeah, but, but a follow-up statement, we could remember our failures in the amazing light of God's grace without the condemnation. Yeah, I don't know. I don't know.  And he repeats that in several places. In Psalm 103, he says, as far as the east is from the west, I removed your sin from you. He says, I've budded your sins at the depths of the sea. Hebrews 10, he says, your sins and your inequities, I will remember no more. So as far as God's what he has taken, he's not going to recall those things. So we have scripture that tells us about God not remembering our sins and inequities. So that's why I think they would be not, they would, they would not be a recollection of our the failures, the mistakes, the sins we've done. Okay, a last one, Brother Manoa has asked, when a person dies and his spirit reaches heaven, will he be able to know the things happening in the world?  To my understanding, the Bible is not very clear about it. What we have is, for instance, in Hebrews chapter 12, there is this picture of a great cloud of witnesses. You know, let us run with endurance, the race said before us, seeing then that we have such a great cloud of witnesses, let us run. The picture there is about an amphitheater and people on the stands looking in and what's the action that's taking place in the stadium. That's the picture. So maybe, and it's not a definitive thing, maybe people who've gone before us are looking in and seeing what's happening, maybe. But outside of that, in Hebrews 12, we do not have any indication that those who die and go to heaven are looking down at what we are doing. There's no clear scripture on those lines. So my personal answer to that is, to that question, when a spirit dies, when a person dies and the spirit reaches heaven, will he be able to know the things happening in this world? My personal answer to that is, normally, no, unless God wants a particular person to see into the earth, run for something. But normally, no, we don't have a scripture that's clearly stating that the spirits are going to heaven are watching into our earth and seeing all that we are doing. No. So my response to that will be normally, no, unless God wants somebody to open their eyes and tell them to look in here, which people have had some experiences and they talk about it, but it's not backed by chapter and verse. It's more of personal experiences. Okay, fine. The last point I wanted to get across before we, in this introduction is in John chapter 4, verse 22 to 24, God is spirit. God is spirit. So our primary interaction with God is going to be spirit to spirit, because God is spirit. Sure, God can touch up our minds and he does touch. Sure, God can touch our bodies and he does touch. But our primary interaction with God on a daily basis is spirit to spirit. And that's why developing our human spirit is so important.  That means to spirit to spirit interaction that we have with God. And God's dealings with us first and foremost, start in the spirit. Okay, so we'll pause here. I know we took 10 minutes extra. We close in prayer and we'll take a 10 minute break and come back for the next class. And since I'm teaching the next class, I'll get it started. Okay, could somebody please close in prayer? I'll pray. I'll pray. Go ahead, Divya. Thank you, Lord. Thank you, Father, for this wonderful opportunity, Lord, that you've given us to learn more, Lord, delve deeper, Lord, into this aspect of soul, spirit. Father, things that may be beyond our understanding, Lord, but what have been revealed in your word, help us understand. Thank you, Father, for past Roshish, Lord, for speaking through him. Father, for all the answers, Father, Lord, that we for the questions that we had, we pray, Lord, in these coming days, Father, Lord, as we learn more, Lord help us, Father, align our Father spirits, our soul, Father, in your ways, Father, Lord, help us reach, Lord, the destination, Father, without getting diverted, Father, Lord, we thank you, we praise you, Father, for you are our guide, your word is our guide, Lord, your Holy Spirit is our guide. Thank you and praise you, Lord, for each and everyone. Bless each one of us, Lord, as we go into the next session. In Jesus' precious name, Pima. Thank you, everyone. So, 10 minutes from now, I'll see you in the other class. Okay. Thank you. Sorry for shooting over time. 10 minutes. God bless you. Bye. Thank you, Pastor. God bless.


So the structure elucidation of glucose is right down the next heading is structure elucidation. How do we come to know about the structure of glucose? That's what the thing we are going to understand. The first heading you write down is structure and this is just a reaction of all of the right down because there are many reactions of glucose to reduce the elucidation. The first reaction here, the first reaction that we use is this one you write down here. The first method from which we come to know about the structure that glucose when we do the reduction of glucose with red phosphorus and HIE. This gives you n-hexane, normal hexane. There's no branch present into this. So this reaction when you get normal hexane, it means there's no branch in glucose. We have a straight carbon chain on which the different hydroxyl groups are attached. So red phosphorus and HIE we use for all those molecules which contains oxygen that converts into alkane. This is one thing. The first reaction gives us the information that there is no branch present. Now for the other reaction I will draw the structure here of glucose 1, 3 and 4. Here we have CHO, primary functional group, OH this side, OH on the left, H on the right, OH on the right, H on the left, OH on the right, H on the left and CH2. So when this reaction, this molecule reacts with NH2OH, what is NH2OH? Hydroxylamine. And when this reaction takes place, the product here we get is, see this aldehyde combines with this oxene, H2O goes out and we get what? And we get CH double bond NOH that is oxene. And we have seen this reaction, that carbonyl compound with hydroxylamine gives oxene. Everything will be same, every other thing will be same, OH on the right, OH on the left, then OH on the right, OH on the right, H, CH2, OH. Yeah, did. Okay, this oxene. And when oxene forms, then this confirms the presence of carbonyl group. Okay, carbonyl group, carbonyl group we know now but we do not know whether it is aldehyde or ketone. Okay, whether it is aldehyde or ketone. Even one more reaction confirms the presence of carbonyl group, which is nothing but the reaction with HCN. What we get with HCN? Can you tell me? I have done this reaction in the class. With HCN, the carbonyl carbon. We will get here COH, CN, H. Is it clear? I have done these reactions in the carbonyl compound chapter, so I am not discussing this here. HCN on carbonyl compound gives cyanohydrin if you remember. Yes? When carbon contains hydroxy and cyanoglue, we call it as cyanohydrin. So this reaction also confirms the presence of carbonyl group, cyanohydrin that forms. Now, we know that from these two reactions that there is a carbonyl group present, but which carbonyl group it is, whether it is aldehyde or ketone, that we do not know. And to understand that, to confirm that what we do, we do the oxidation of this. Because we know what? We know aldehydes can easily oxidize because aldehyde contains hydrogen on this carbonyl carbon. So oxidation of aldehyde is easier and easily oxidized. But for ketone, we require better oxidizing agent. It is a bit reluctant towards oxidation because there is no hydrogen present towards oxidation because there is no hydrogen present on the carbonyl carbon. So the point is with mild oxidizing agent, oxidation of aldehyde is possible, but ketone won't get oxidized. Okay? So for that, we use the reagent here is bromine water, Br2H2O. Br2H2O is a, you know, weak oxidizing agent which can oxidize only aldehyde, not ketone. Okay? So when you take this Br2H2O, it converts aldehyde into acid and the product here, this CHO, converts into COOH. Every other thing will be same and CH2OH. This compound, the name of this compound is gluconic acid. Call it as gluconic acid. And this confirms this oxidation, confirms the presence of aldehyde. Since it gets oxidized, so it confirms the presence of aldehyde. Okay? Can I move to the next page? All of you have done? Yes, sir. Now to confirm how many hydroxy group are present, we'll do acetylation. To confirm, number of hydroxy group will do acetylation. What is acetylation reaction? Reaction with anhydride. So, okay. So what we get in this reaction? We'll get this. First of all, this we are using excess. Okay? So we have sufficient amount of anhydride. And if you see the reaction of anhydride, it gives you CH3COOH, you get CHO, all these one, two, three, four and five. So here we get COAC, acetyl group. Here we have hydrogen. And this will have four times. And then we have CH2OAC. So we then can, so we can then do a titration with CSCOS to find out the number of hydroxy groups. Hydroxy group. Correct. So actually, if you know the number of CS3COOH that you are getting, which is five over here, because you see one hydroxy group gives one CS3COOH, two, three, four and five. So we get here five moles of CS3COOH. That confirms that there are five hydroxy group are present in this structure. It confirms the presence of five hydroxy group. Okay. So hence there are five hydroxy group present. That gives us the information of the number of hydroxy group present. This is the structure elucidation of glucose. Now the question is why this OH on the right and why this OH on the left, that is not in our syllabus. Even it is the part of some masters and bachelor. So that is not required. For that, obviously we need to understand the optical behavior of this carbon, this carbon and all. That is how only we get this, but that is not required for this. Okay. Any competitive example. Okay. So this is how we confirms or we get to know that how many hydroxy group present. And if there is any carbonyl group, what carbonyl group we have oxidizing agent we use for that purposes BR2 bromine water BR2 with H2O. And this is the structure. One last thing I'll tell you here. If I take BR2 with H2O, we are getting gluconic acid over there. Okay. What happens if you take a strong oxidizing agent like HNO3. So if you take HNO3, it is a strong oxidizing agent. This will oxidize aldehyde and alcohol. This alcohol and this aldehyde. And the product we get here is. So we'll get like a chain of. No, we'll get aldehyde acid here and here. And here we have OH H H OH. So we do this in a control way basically. So point. This is not important, but the only thing here you need to keep in mind that this molecule, we call it as gluconic acid. This name you must remember gluconic acid. Or we also call it as saccharic acid. Gluconic is when we have COOH here, CS2 OH here. When both side we have COOH, that is gluconic acid. Sir, can HNO3 oxidize those secondary hydroxy groups? So can it be like a row of the very symmetrical row? If you take very excess, large amount of HNO3, then it is possible. Sir, it will be nice and symmetrical, sir. What? Sir, the product will be very symmetrical, right? Yes, yes. So that is actually not stable because on that next carbon will have COOH and H here. So maybe hydrolysis is also possible over there. So that you won't get a stable structure over there. Not hydrolysis dehydration, sorry. H2O molecules goes out. Okay. Dan, all of you? One second, sir. Sir, but if there are more than three carbon atoms between the carboxylic acid group, shouldn't both CO2 and H2O go out? What were three carboxylic acid where? If there are three carbon atoms between the carboxylic group, shouldn't CO2 and H2O go out? If you heat that possible, that is a hydration effect. Even if all these get oxidized, okay, then the structure is not stable. There are very high tendency of getting dehydrated. Yes, sir. Because we have H2O, we have COOH present, so that won't give you the stable structure. And yes, whatever you are saying, the heating effect, if you have two carbon atom or three, then CO2 or H2O go out, that is true. Yes, sir. Dan, can we move on? So basically the reaction thing you must keep in mind. Yeah.


Hey guys, this is it. This is the end of 2023. So as always, let's us do a best movies of 2023 list. As you guys know, I don't get to see as many films as others do. So I don't usually do a top 10. I do a seven because that's the silly rating system I have based myself on for this amount of time. But I do do some honorable mentions. There are some on this list that I have not yet done a review for. Some will come out later in the new year. But there are a few that are just going to be kind of surprises because I have been cramming some into the very end here next year. I do hope that I can do a little bit better because I feel that this year was definitely a return for cinema based movies after the years of 2020 and 2021 and kind of the resurgence of 2022 2023 really did have more offerings in the theater than on streaming services. And I was very happy to see that. That was something I was worried about. Obviously, there were some ups and downs with different companies, especially Disney and Warner Brothers and just Disney. Thankfully, there were a lot of good movies, both high in budget, low in budget. So without further ado, let's get to the honorable mentions. We're going to start off, actually, with an interesting one, Doormouse. This is a fully Canadian independent movie that I saw back in January. It's a cool little neo-noir film that has some very heavy influences from brick. A really stellar mystery film. Next on the list is Dungeons and Dragons Among Thieves. Way better than it had any right to be. I feel that it should just be mentioned that there was a good one this year. I'm not even a big D&D person, but this film did get me into D&D, amongst other things. I think it should just be mentioned that there was a good one in comparison to the Jeremy Irons one. Next is Mission Impossible 7 Dead Reckoning. This was definitely a great return into the spy action genre. Real intense scenes, real intense action. I'm excited to see part two if part two hopefully happens. I do hope so. And the final honorable mention is one I just finished watching Blackberry. Very much so a Canadian film. It's a cool little window into the past of what was once the most powerful and the most well-recognized cell phone in the industry and how quickly it was destroyed. Not only Apple, but inter-dealings and just inner conflict with oneself. I love how the movie starts and left how it ends. So those are my honorable mentions. So now let's start with number seven and it's a tie for a Marvel movie. Across the Spider-Verse and Guardians of the Galaxy 3. I liked both of these movies for two different reasons. Across the Spider-Verse, fantastic animation, fantastic continuation of the Miles story, and a really cool setup for part two which I hope comes someday, but without the absolute barbaric slavery of the animators. But it was very much part one. Excited to see part two. Whereas Guardians Volume 3 was a fantastic end to a trilogy. One that I thought we might not get. I was very happy to see James Gunn get to do his finale to his trilogy. It's the last thing that Marvel's going to make that I actually care about. That is central Marvel. I think this is the best one of the trilogy that he made and it was just a great send-off for these characters. Moving on to number six. Godzilla minus one. Very very taken with this film. Not only for the visuals and the Godzilla element, but also for the characters. Everyone's talked about it. They made you care about the humans because the characters were well written. You got connected to them, their strife, their struggles, and their want to rebuild in the face of calamity that had come and was currently facing them. Honestly, if you haven't seen it yet, definitely see it. Number five. John Wick chapter four. Not since the first movie. Have I enjoyed a John Wick movie this much? Chapter four is definitely the second best movie in the entire saga. It has a fantastic conclusion for John Wick. It has the most astounding stunts for a film series that is entirely based on shooting people in the head and doing roles.  Thank you to everyone involved in this series. Keanu Chadstilic, if I got that correct. Thank you guys for making stunts matter again. The whole action movie industry owes you a bow. Number four. ADHD. Brain went off and I accidentally skipped this number. Killers of a Flower Moon was what I expected from Scorsese when he did The Irishman. It's a three and a half hour long film about the devastation of a community about based on greed, the infiltration and the conniving aspects of this criminal empire and how they usurper the people from not only the glory of their own land, but the wealth of it. Leonardo, De Niro and Lily all do fantastic performances. Lily is probably the standout for me in this film. I very, very much enjoyed it. It's exactly what I wanted from The Irishman and then some. And it's one of the best Scorsese movies that he's made in years. Number three. The Holdovers. I finished this the other day. Wonderful return to those wholesome movies that we used to get back in the 80s and the 70s. Not only is the commitment to the aesthetic, both the setting, visual and audio, the writing is fantastic. It's a great movie about characters in a point in time and helping them realize something about themselves. And it's really funny to really stellar film all around. Number two. Talk to me. I had heard so many people tell me so many good things about this movie, including my brother.  Can't believe it's the Racka Racka guys. YouTube crazy filmmakers making one of the best horror movies I've seen in a long time.  Talk to me, had me on the edge of my seat from beginning to end. I've got to commend it for that and that's why it's number two. Number one. Now, admittedly, I kind of went back and forth between the top three quite a bit because we have gone from a wholesome movie to a horror movie and now we're going to a biopic Oppenheimer. I was very excited to see this movie and I left the theater extremely satisfied. Not only for the 70 millimeter IMAX viewing that I got to see, I know some people didn't get to and I apologize I'm very sorry you didn't get to. I know there was only like 50 options throughout all of North America, but it was amazing. When the first shot of Puddles made me and a couple of other people in the theaters, that was already just the beginning of a three hour epic about one of the most interesting if not important people in history, the decisions, the relationships and the consequences of what was done and the fallout of said choices, said relationships, said consequences. Killian Murphy killed it. If Killian Murphy doesn't get the Oscar for Best Actor, I will be very surprised. If Nolan ever had a chance to win Best Director, this would be that goddamn movie. Not only is this movie gripping your attention for three goddamn hours without a single action scene, it's all just people talking in rooms, but it also was able to bring people back to the IMAX in ways that I've never seen. I remember having to wait several weeks so I could buy tickets for my dad because the options were always so limited because of how many people were coming from all over to see it in the IMAX. It was a great reason for people to come back to the movies. It's an amazing movie based on an incredible book which I will very much recommend you guys read. This movie covers quite a bit of that book. I was actually quite impressed, but there's still even more for the U2C so I would definitely recommend that. Oppenheimer just kept in the back of my mind the whole year. Whether it was from Killian Murphy's performance, whether it was Robert Downey Jr stealing the scenes he was in, whether it was from the cinematography blowing my mind with the IMAX quality, whether it was how I was holding my breath when the bomb test went off, whether it was Lugwood's score which was so good for this movie. The feeling at the end of the film overall just a technically phenomenal movie from beginning to end and I very very much recommend you guys watching it if you haven't seen it. Anyways guys those are the best movies of the year for me. I know it's not as many as others. There's a few that I still have to watch Anatomy of a Fall, The Boy in the Heron, The Beasts, Infinity Pool, How to Blow the Pipeline. Like I said there was a lot that I really wanted to see and I'm hoping I can see some of them before the year comes to an end. If I get the chance to you know you'll see a review from that. But in the meantime thank you guys for watching my videos this year. Thank you for listening to me talk about these movies. We had a little bit of a subscriber intake this year. We're almost at 5k. It's better than where I was last year so thank you guys for being here. Thank you guys for listening to me blabber on and just thank you guys for joining in on the conversation. I've always enjoyed talking about movies on this channel considering I've been doing this since for nine years. It never has lost its feeling. But I really have enjoyed the conversations I've got to have with some of you guys over the last year is really made me appreciative of it and especially for those of you who stuck around when I wasn't doing much in the summer. I am very grateful for it.  That video will be coming very very soon so I hope you guys get to enjoy that as well. In the meantime happy new year guys. Thank you guys for being here. Thank you guys for listening to me talk and I hope you enjoyed this video. If you did leave a like. If you're interested in more subscribe. Until then I'm very excited to see what 2024 has to offer. Dune part two would have been on this list if it came out this year. But at least I get it in March. Anyways guys that's all for me. See y'all next time.