Hey, welcome back to my channel. Today's video, as you can see from the title, it is going to be the long awaited, how did I gain weight video? What did I do to gain weight? How did I go from 97 pounds to now, I believe I'm 144 pounds is what I weighed myself at the gym the other day. So it's been a long time coming. If you're new here, hey, my name's Akira Jenae. Don't forget to subscribe and join the family before you leave. So, I'm sitting down, we about to chill out. I'm going to try to make this as fast and as informative as possible. I'm going to get straight to nitty gritty. I don't want this video to be over 20 minutes. And if editing Akira is going to put in timestamps, I am trying to do that. So I do have little key points in my notes to kind of like go in order. So I'm going to try to stick with my key notes. I wanted to kind of skip the long backstory.  I decided to gain weight, freshman year of college, which was 2016, fall of 2016. So like October, November is when I finally decided to.  I didn't really take it as bullying, but now that I look back, I was definitely getting bullied. But it was nothing like they weren't saying it in the mean way. They was just like, no girl, you're so small, you're so skinny, this and that. So I've had it all. Everyone has said everything about me back then. So I just have to get up and do something. I don't know where I left off, but I know I was saying I've been called everything or like they've said everything towards me. Back then it didn't really affect me because I've always been pretty.  Being small really didn't affect me. It was to the point where I was in college and I'm like, where is my grown woman body? Like, why am I this small? The pictures and videos that I have is not the way that I wanted to show you guys. 10,000 photos and videos and my phone got deleted. Yeah, I could crawl over again. So I don't have like the very, very first photo that I took. I do have it, but it's in my fitness pal. So what I'm gonna show y'all is kind of what I've been saving from Snapchat. And then I'm just gonna kind of go from there. I've always had boobs though. I didn't wanna mention that. I know I'm gonna get that question. I do get that question a lot. Are my boobs fake? Have I got implants or whatever? Whatever the case may be. My boobs has always been the biggest part on my body. Big breasts run in my family. It's the baker's curse is what we like to say. It's just how it is. So that this was all genetics. Obviously since I'm getting way my boobs did get bigger. I used to be like a regular 32D. Now I'm a 32 triple D. I wanted to mention my top three things that you need to know or do whatever case may be before you start trying to gain weight or while you're on your weight gain journey, whatever. This is what you need to know. Number one, your happiness needs to be in order. You cannot be trying to gain weight in you in a toxic relationship with a man, girl, your parents, your cousins, whatever. Any toxic relationships around you need to die. Like it's not gonna work. Me per se, I didn't really see that I was in like a toxic relationship but my happiness was not where it needs to be. Like my happiness is not where it's at now. Like baby, I'm happy in every aspect and I can't think nobody but God for that. So definitely your happiness needs to be your number one priority and you cannot be out here trying to get 3,000 calorie intake. If you don't hear something, that's my badass aspect there. You cannot be trying to get a 3,000 calorie intake and then you out here crying, sad, stressed. Stress will make you lose weight. Crying leads to stress and depression. All of that will make you lose weight. So I advise you to get your happiness in order. Second, you gotta ease this. I know you don't wanna hear this. I didn't wanna hear this every time I click on one of these videos. I do not wanna hear somebody tell me I need to eat.  You may think you're eating a lot, you're not. We're gonna get into it but download my fitness pal and track your calories. Second, you need to work out. This has been 50, 50 with me. I started to work out and then I kinda stopped and then I started actually going to the gym and then that's where I started to see the most progress. So those are my top three and we're gonna dive into all of them. So the first one, Happy is already kinda described that. Second is gonna be food. What helped me gain weight? I know y'all gonna ask this. What food did you eat? This is everything that I was looking for in a video like this. The foods I ate are just my favorite foods. I'm a picky eater. Where am I to call me? I'm a picky eater so the foods that I really just eat and the only foods that I really like is macaroni, potatoes, potatoes any kind of way. Baked potato, mashed potatoes, roasted potatoes, any type, anything, potatoes. My favorite meats are chicken, any type of chicken, baked chicken, fried chicken, air fried chicken. You can put chicken and chicken Alfredo, chicken breasts, whatever the case may be chicken, steak, roast, I just cooked the roast. My favorite steak is T-bone steaks. I could eat the whole T-bone steak by myself. So it has a lot of protein is what you need to be eating. I still struggle with trying to hit my protein daily go. I just try to shoot for over 100 grams of protein. There is a certain calculation. I'll put it right here if I decide to Google it for you but you can Google it and figure out what's your daily protein that you need to be taking. As long as I get over a hundred then that make me feel good about myself. Those are my favorite kind of meats. Other than that, I love fruit. The only vegetables I eat is spinach and greens. I don't know, I'll probably put in some clips and stuff of food, but like I said, 10,000 photos got deleted. I wanted to do this video and that's what kind of prolonged this. So you need to eat. I did take a few supplements along the way and this is where we're gonna get into me starting to show you guys pictures. So I do know, let me get on my fitness path. Okay, so I'm gonna be showing the camera just so editing me can know what I'm talking about. But I started my weight gain journey. October 2nd, 2016. All of the receipts are right here. I will have this in a screen. I love my naked on this. I will have this in a screenshot but October 2nd was a Sunday in 2016. I weighed in at 97.6 pounds. So this is the picture. I'm gonna have it on the screen but that's how I looked, I was stick thin. And from October 2nd of 2016, I started to do at home workouts in my dorm room. I was a freshman college student. I started to do workouts in my dorm room. I did like three to four different videos and I did it every single day for a month. This is where I'm about to start talking about supplements. So the first supplement that I took, yes, as most of you should know what this is, a pediment. Back then, a pediment was not popping when I first got it. I really couldn't find too many videos about a pediment back then. But yes, this is what I took in 2016. I was taking a pediment on and off from 2016 to about 2020. I was taking it faithfully the end of 2016. So October, November, December and then 2017 and then 2018. Probably faithfully. After that, it was kind of like if I see my weight going down, I'll probably try to take like five milliliters and then try to get it back up. But this is what it looks like. I do not recommend taking a pediment. Y'all probably like, why are you even showing me this then? Because I'm letting you know my journey. So back then I would have recommended a pediment because it works. It still works. It's just people are starting to make it bad. Like they're not making it the normal old fashioned way of how it used to be. People are mixing whatever into this and trying to sell it for a profit. One bottle of a pediment goes for $10 and people are selling it for 20, 30, 40, $50 a pop. So yeah, I do not recommend taking this but this definitely helped me out my very first month of wanting to gain weight. I will put a side-by-side comparison but from October to November, this was my progress for one month. I'm gonna put it on the screen but as you can see my stomach did get a little bit bigger.  And I mean you can just tell. I'm in the same dorm room, same phone, same everything, nothing is edited at all. This is after one month of doing like at home workouts in the dorm and literally taking a pediment. So skipping paths that I will add in another screenshot of my ups and downs of weight gain in my pediment journey. So I started back doing my journey the May 11th of 2017. I'm just gonna put in a screenshot so you can see my weight just fluctuate up and down. Sometimes I'll be consistent, sometimes I won't be consistent. So that's kind of how that went. I am gonna have pictures and videos throughout this whole entire video. So if you didn't just come forward before and after, sorry, you gotta kind of watch throughout the video. 20, the end of 2019 going into 2020 actually not like these pills right here. I also took these, they are GML appetite or whatever pills. These I just feel like is like a pediment in pill form. As you can see, I still have a lot left. That's that one. And then I still have some in this one. So a pediment bottles total, I probably bought since 2016 up until like a few years ago I probably had like eight, probably like seven or eight bottles.  So that's something like, what am I doing wrong? Like everybody's about a different. So don't try to compare yourself to anybody that won't throw that out there. But these little boxes, I've probably had at least like eight of these. And these are what I saw the most results in.  Like I would take these pills with me. So this was definitely my holy grail back then in the day. So I really did like those, but like I said, I'm not sure how safe these are now. So I mean, you can take at your own risk. I do see some girls still on TikTok still taking these. I would recommend these better than these, but I really think they're about the same ingredients honestly. So yeah, that was my first two supplements that I started to take. Then I decided, okay, like there gotta be something else that's a little bit more healthier that I can take because I started seeing horror stories about the girls taking the pediment, sending them to the hospital, I was dying, all kinds of stuff, which I don't know if they were using it or not, but that's that. So the next thing that I tried was protein pattern. I tried this when I was in college at Arkansas State University in Johnsboro. This is just the GNC brand of the pro book performance. 50 grams of protein, 1300 calories and 277 grams of carbs. And you're supposed to do four heaping scoops of this, but baby, the scoops are huge. So I never did four big old scoops. I would do one or two. And yeah, I did get strawberry flavor. My smoothies, I make a strawberry lemonade smoothie. Every time I drink a smoothie, it's always strawberry lemonade and I make it at home. If I go somewhere like Tropical Smoothie, Smoothie King, mostly Tropical Smoothie, I'll get a kiwi quinter and tell them to add white protein. But this is what I started to use. And then these, this brand is called, what are they called? I think they're just called Eat Up. I would have the Instagram or something right here. I am going to reach out to them and see if I can get like a coupon code because these things actually did work. So if they do give me a coupon code or referral, I will have it on the screen and down in the description box below. But the reason why I stopped taking these is because this was the original formula. Y'all can see that. This is what it looks like. So this is what they used to sell. I have one peel left in here because I wanted to show you. I know I wanted to do this video eventually. So this is how the peel looks. Literally kind of just like the GML peels, whatever. But these were proven to be like healthier, I guess you can say, but it seems like the ingredients were like kind of almost the same, but these didn't knock me out as fast as the impediment. So I stopped taking this brand because they switched their formula. So this is what it looks like now, the weight gain formula. I've had, I haven't taken supplements since 20, I think since like 2020 or like early 2021, but I cannot take capsules. So that's literally what this is. It's a capsule. You can see that my nails aren't done, so don't judge me. This is how they look. And I'm not a peel taker. So I stopped taking these for that reason. I think these may be expired by now. They expired for 30, 20, 20, so yeah. So wasted my money. But I used to break these open because you know capsules, you can pull apart. It's kind of like a macaroon powder, but you literally, I just broke it apart.  Literally, that's the only way I could do this, but I got tired of doing it, it was kind of inconvenience. The reason I be doing the peels was so I can, you know, take them out on the go. So I stopped doing that solely because of that reason, but this way I felt like take a little bit longer for me to see growth. When they had the original formula, I definitely was gaining weight like every single week. Like the scale was constantly going up. So I mean, it works, it just takes a little bit. They do have a lot of other products that you can try out. Like they got a macaroon, they got like, I don't know, they got a whole bunch of stuff. You can go to their website. I did want to point that out. I did take macaroon. Macaroon, I took the liquid and I bought it directly from the macaroon website or whatever. I'll try to put it up here, I'm sorry. I don't have the bottle though. Anyway, it was liquid and you take like three to four drives to put it in your mouth. It kind of tastes like a nutty type of liquid. I don't know, but that definitely helped. It's just macaroon takes like a month, maybe two months for you to even start seeing anything. So if you do want to do it the more natural way, I do recommend this brand and like macaroon powder, peels or liquid. I like liquid because it was easier for me to digest and like just to take on the go. So after that, I'm like, okay, so what the hell can I do now? So if you guys follow Lala on Instagram, you know that she is gaining weight the natural way. Her pay just like fit girl, baddie or something like that. So as you guys know, she came out with the fit girlbot, natural appetite booster, strawberry gummies. Gummies, gummies. I didn't take these because first off, when I got it in the mail, my package was open. Like it was sealed, but it was open. So I'm like, is this a tester bottle or did someone return, like baby girl, what's going on? Like, why is my stuff open? And then I also, I took it one time, but I stopped taking it because it says it's only supposed to be 30 gummies per container. And the serving size is two gummies. I counted over a hundred gummies in my bottle. And when a girl had posted them, my gummies didn't really look like hers. I'm not sure if it was like maybe like the camera, but this is how mine look. And I don't know, they looked kind of different when another girl had posted hers. So I'm not sure what was going on, but I stopped taking this because first off, it was a little bit open when I got it. And I have more than the serving size in the bottle. So I don't know, it was a little fishy to me, but I did buy this from her. And literally full bottle still here. Didn't even get that.  Like it's gotta be something that I can do and stick to and something that I can see like groped in my gaze. So here's my holy grail. My next two is what I am still using to this day. I haven't used in about a month and maybe like three months, honestly, because I made my goal. Like I don't really need it, but I do want to gain about 10, 15 more pounds. So this boost, you guys should know what boost is. I give you very high calorie from Amazon. It's 530 calories in this one carton. There's 22 grams of protein. So this is what you need. If you want to get the regular boost, regular insure, whatever you can do that, I suggest a very high calorie because it's literally 530 calories right here off top. 22 grams of protein. This, I try insure, I try regular boost. I tried all the stuff that you can buy in store and it's disgusting. I tried the equate brand, the name brand, every brand I've tried. This one from Amazon is the only one that I can drink and keep down. I do mix this with vanilla milk. What is it called? Like the all natural milk or whatever. Almond milk, Jesus. I mix it with vanilla almond milk and I can literally drink it with ease. I do have to have a lot of ice in it though. Like it gotta be really, really cold for me to drink it. But literally the first day I tasted this, I literally fell to my knees and started thanking God. Like y'all may think I'm playing, but I'm not. I fell to my knees and started thanking God because I'm like, this is something that I can literally swallow and I feel like I'm about to puke after drinking it. So girl, go get it and mix it with your favorite kind of milk and I promise you're gonna thank me later. The next one, I'm gonna try to see if I can get a coupon code for you guys. I'm gonna email them and tell them that I'm basically promoting their stuff. So if I do have a coupon code, I will put it, it's my thing to turn off. If I do have a coupon code, I will put it down below. But this is the Girl Gangs Fitness Code, bulk it up. One serving has 25 grams of protein, 1,443 calories. Literally fire, like fire. This is the first protein powder that I can literally mix with anything and you can't even taste it. So the scooper is about this big. You're supposed to do four of these. I do like two. And like I said, I do a strawberry lemonade smoothie. The, I'm trying to show y'all, it's so thin. Like the powder is extremely thin.  So I like waffles, I'm a waffle girl. So I mix a scoop of this, excuse me, in my waffle mix game changer. Like you get in your protein without even having to drink a smoothie.  Like endless amounts of calories and protein. So those are all my supplements that I took or is taking. These currently are the only two that I've taken and has been taken for about a year now. All the other ones, a pediment, don't recommend, but the this eat up weight gain or whatever. I do recommend that. That one was pretty okay. And then this one, this one wasn't bad. I do like that it was strawberry. So it was easier for me to make a strawberry lemonade smoothie rather than this one. This one only comes in chocolate and vanilla, I believe, and they also have a vegan option. It's just that one's like almost $90. And compared to this one, this one is like under 50. So I mean, pick your poison, whichever one, this one makes this better, but this one still was very okay. Give me, God was making a strawberry lemonade smoothie. So that's what I wanted to touch on with all my supplements. The next thing that I wanted to get into my fitness pal, I don't really want to put in a demonstration because I mean, it's literally plain and simple. Like when you get on, you should know what to do, but I will start a screen recording just for those who may not know. So I'm going to screen record. They did update it. I haven't been on this in like months. So literally you're just going to add your food. I don't even know how to freaking add my food one more honey. Go to dairy for breakfast. We're going to add breakfast. And I've been using this for a while. So I have all of, you know, the food that I like to eat. So for breakfast, I'm going to say I had orange juice. We're going to do a four count chicken mini.  Hash brown sausage and biscuit from McDonald's. Here's an ad, close. And I'm going to take off one of these orange juices.  So from McDonald's, I usually get two sausage and biscuits, a hash brown and a sprite, but I'm going to keep the orange juice. So that right there, my breakfast would be 1194 calories. And then you just add in your lunch dinner. And then I try to shoot for 3000 calories. My goal says 2,900 just because I put in my updated weight. But yeah, try to shoot for that and hit your goal. Okay, next I wanted to talk about workouts. A lot of y'all have been asking me for my workout routine. And I made my own workout routine by watching other fitness girls. If I decide to, I will put my favorite gym motivators like the girls that I look up to on the screen here. So I'm going to take a screenshot of this. I made this September 18th, 2021. So I've been doing this since literally a year ago. Damn there. So my gym workout routine week one and two, I kind of just rotate out of this. I will up the weights or up the reps. Progressive overload will be your best friend. So week one and two, I started off with a warmup. My warmup is the stair master. That's just what I like. I made this workout routine also for me. Like these are the workouts that I can feel that mind to muscle connection. And I also saw results from these. So when you go to the gym, try out different workouts. As long as you hit that mind to muscle connection and you feel it, make sure to keep doing those. So warmups, stair master. I'll do five to 10 minutes and then I go straight to the Smith machine. I do three sets of 12 reps, 25 pounds on each side or 35 pounds on each side. And then I'll start off with that. And then I'll keep going up as progressive overload. Next after the Smith machine, I'll get back on the Smith machine and then I will do hip thrust. This is when I used to go to Planet Fitness. I now started to go to 10 Fitness and 10 Fitness, my gym actually has a hip thrust machine. So literally fire. But I would do hip thrust.  I would do hip thrust, three sets of 12. And then I would do a leg extension, lunges and then hip abduction. So then week three and four, snare master again is my warmup. I would do hip thrust, squat poses, bench squats, hip abduction and then cable kickbacks. And then I try to stick with the same workouts for at least two weeks in a row.  So I would say stick with what you're doing for at least a week, two weeks, definitely like two weeks. And then you can switch out your workouts a little bit. But mine still kind of say the same. I just kind of switch out like two to three different workouts. So yeah, let me know down below if you guys would like a, you know, what I eat in the day to gain weight. I could show the meals that I eat a little bit better than what y'all saw in this video. I will take y'all along with me to the gym. Maybe not to the gym. I don't know, since I'm at a new gym, I'm not as comfortable as I was like in my last like plenty of fitness gyms, so I don't know. But yeah, comment down below if you would like to see what I eat in the day to gain weight or, you know, like my gym routine. I'll probably plug both of those videos together. So yeah, don't forget to like this video, comment and subscribe.  I will throw in a few more pictures and videos at the end of this so you can kind of see the side-by-side comparison of my before and after. Like I said, I started at 97 pounds. I am now 144 pounds. Yeah, I think that's all. If I think of anything else, then editing Akira will chime in maybe and tell you something. If not, don't forget to like this video, please. It lets me know that you enjoyed this type of content. And until my next video, I'll see you in a little bit soon. Bye guys.


U.S. Army Chief of Staff General Raymond Odierno will host a town hall at the Cleggesern Fitness Center in Wiesbaden, Germany Tuesday 30 April at 10 30 Post your questions ahead of time on U.S. Army Europe Twitter and Facebook pages for more log on to eur.army.mil


Good afternoon everybody and welcome to day two of alt C 22 Lovely to have you all back here this afternoon for the online part of our program And we've got a really interesting talk coming up just now. So fantastic to see you all joining us So I'm really delighted to welcome Alastair Macnaught Who's going to present today? Unfortunately Amy who works for ability net wasn't able to join us. I'm sure you will all know The work of Alastair Macnaught for his long-standing work in the area of accessibility At JISC and since in his consultancy work as well I'll be keeping my eye on the comments. So do comment ask questions as well and I will share those With Alastair as we go through the session So a virtual clap and welcome to Alastair for this session and I shall pass over to him Okay, thank you very much. I'm assuming that was the introduction Unfortunately, there's a very slight technical hitch where I can't hear Kerry I think everybody else in the world can Except me. So thank you for the session and if I If we share my screen, thank you very much So I want to look at digital accessibility in particular in further education because that's where recent research has shown some real struggles for colleges and Training providers actually getting their head around what accessibility is digitally and how to be compliant So we're going to look at that, but it will also be equally relevant for any organization that is Effectively a public sector body and although Amy Lowe from ability net is not able to join me today She's helped me put this together and we work together on all sorts of projects So I'm going to start by defining digital accessibility And I don't want to define it in terms of technical standards because that doesn't actually help people Yes, we need to know about them ultimately or some people in the organization may need to know about them But from for the purpose of today we talk about using digital tools To maximize the learners experience. We're talking about Employing those tools in a way that minimize unnecessary barriers and that maximize opportunities for personalization productivity independence basically Who would not want their students to be able to? Have the digital competencies to be able to manipulate the resources They've got to make them more comfortable easier to read more productive That's something we all want but unless you get it right in terms of digital accessibility it may not work so I want to look at The almost what I call the onion of accessibility the nested layers that you have to get right in order for the learner to have a really predictably good experience and as long ago as 2010 ofsted noted that Good teaching itself really benefits inclusion It's not the inclusion or accessibility to tag on and ofsted noted that where the best teaching was seen The need for additional interventions was reduced and specialist disability staff and so on could Support could give more support to those that needed more help So it was about removing the barriers through good teaching. So good teaching is in itself an inclusion approach But the good teaching needs to go through these three areas the platform how they find things how courses are designed the resources that they use and whether those documents those Videos those presentations are equally accessible to all your learners and the activities that they do It's great to have a you know a little Kahoot quiz or something like that but if there are people with slower processing speeds or people with Motor difficulties who just find it harder to press the right button You might end up testing something that you have no idea that you're testing you're testing their speed You're not testing their understanding and that can result in some real issues but Even when you have all those four sort of those three layers Perfect and things working really well There's an additional layer on top which is on the platform or on the resources or on the Activity and the little tool that I'm using to engage with my students Can they see it comfortably? Can they change the magnification? Change the colors or the contrast if they need to can they navigate by keyboard or by touch or by mouse Can they skip over repetitive bits if they're navigating by keyboard? So they don't have to go through your entire VLE menu every time they move from one VLE page to another Can they go down a really long document whether it's a PDF or a word document? Can they go down by? pulling up the navigation pane or pulling up the bookmark pane and Instantly clicking on a heading that's three quarters of the way down the page But it's the one that they really need instead of having to read through Reams and reams of pages in order to get to the bit that's relevant Will it work with text-to-speech or a screen reader? And if it's just a scanned PDF an image of words, then it probably won't does it rely on them hearing seeing? The way that you do or reacting in a specific time frame. So those are the issues that Accessibility digital accessibility seeks to address is that layer on top of good teaching and good pedagogy the problem is and I have a theory that one of the real problems in accessibility gaining traction in the FE sector is because the FE is so good at one-to-one support at the traditional paradigm of Okay, you need help you need text-to-speech you need support and picking out key ideas or you need different colored backgrounds That's great. Come to us. We've got a team of people dedicated to helping you We are the ladder experts you experience a barrier. We'll give you a ladder to get over it But that's not a great paradigm. It's not a sustainable paradigm because it results in no institutional learning so The big questions we should ask is well, why doesn't the resource work with text-to-speech? We should be asking well if the students having difficulty picking out the key ideas in a really long document Why is there no heading structure that would allow them to see instantly how all those ideas and those headings and subheadings nest together and If the students need a different colored background, why are you using a format that doesn't let you change the background colors? And those are the sorts of things that we want to begin to address. That's ultimately the Rubber hits the road part of good accessibility practice It's about a new paradigm of I called it here accessibility maturity I don't think I should I think I should be calling it a new paradigm of digital Maturity because it's about staff digital competence or the documents you create embody good accessibility practice It's about students competence and students consistent expectations that they know what level of Accessibility they can expect with any document or any presentation you create them or anything that's online on your VLE and it's also about communication because You know the real world is messy real technology is messy and some things are more accessible than others But there's nothing that's perfect that's out there So it's when you know that some of your systems like your Kahoot or your Mentimeter or your Padlet When you know some of them may not work effectively with some users assistive technology Doesn't mean to say you won't ever use it. It may mean that you use it But you communicate to the students so that anybody that would have a difficulty Can let you know in advance because they know that there's a likely issue there and then you can offer workarounds so from a staff perspective, it's about that better communication that better practice and that That better service level standard that your students can guarantee that their content will be basically Accessible but from a student point of view if your content has good accessibility built into it the students can then personalize it in all sorts of ways and be more productive and If the student knows what your college's accessibility baseline is then they know how to inform you Appropriately when somebody somewhere doesn't meet it and that will happen it happens all the time But the issue is that students don't complain about it because they don't even know what they should be expecting so students knowing who to go to and What to expect makes a big difference in terms of digital competencies and digital maturity But let's get back to that idea of the overarching accessibility maturity how accessibility mature is your organization so I'm going to look at two types of maturity and I use a Hedgehog for this because the inside of the hedgehog the skeleton bit is the sort of institutional level Accessibility it's the bit that the users don't see they don't see your staff training in the background They don't see who is responsible for accessibility for quality assurance for legal compliance But somebody in the organization needs to be if the other bits are going to work and the other bits are The course level accessibility maturity elements So that's the direct experience of the use of the range of formats is it all PDFs is it all text? Is it a mixture is it videos as well as power points as well as interactivities self-access quizzes and so on all those things Make or break the students experience at course level and of course level and I've looked at probably about 70 different courses across Maybe 50 organizations as part of my work at course level. I can tell you they are really spiky Profile which is very apt for the hedgehog So several years ago working at TechDis and then working more recently to develop the idea with ability net I came up with this top-level maturity model where I found a lot of organizations I was working with were either at the luck stage with luck Nobody will have a problem and we'll get away with it or what I call the tokenism Which is yes, you're giving brilliant one-to-one support, but you're supporting people over barriers that should not be there So that's not mature. That's just kind of a tokenism will help you Over the barriers we've created There's the standards bit all our systems are standards Everybody knows how to create content that's accessible and that's good, but it's not the end product Because the end product is not meeting standards because you can do that in really boring unengaging ways It's about ownership. It's about staff having a range of digital tools and resources That they know how to use to maximize learner independence than mixing and matching different tools and technologies But the ultimate stage is the partnership where you're not realized or you're not regarding Your disabled students as a potential problem. Oh, no I won't be able to use this tool or this assessment because of my disabled students It's when you move from that to say, okay How could I involve my disabled students in helping me do this in a different way and the creative pedagogies that that opens up is actually quite extraordinary So We've got that model. That's the top level model and we've then got underneath it We've got a much more detailed model where we've got seven themes that are measurable So accessibility is not about good intention It's about measurable stuff to do with strategy structure how disabled users Voices kind of built into your organization staff training and guidance and so on So we've got these seven and you don't need to make notes on these because you can download them At the end. I've got links for you and The here's an extract from that. We've got a And a very an inter a fully interactive version We use when we're working in depth with clients and then we've got this creative commons version which doesn't have the weighting but it still has all the questions in there and It's basically the same overall template But it's one that you can use on your own So you could download that I'll give you the link will be there in a moment I don't know if I can put links in the chat if I can and they can go to everyone then I'll do that or maybe Kerry could do that for me in a bit When I put the link in but you could download this and there's the that's one of the seven Themes on it use it on your own You know, if you're a senior manager or use it with others perceptions can vary enormously So you might think you're doing really well on some areas and somebody else who perhaps deals with student Complaints may have a completely different perspective Use it to build a picture of gaps that need a dressing or a roadmap for future improvements And perhaps more than anything one of the things That's in here that's really important is that some of these questions are about project based things You know, have you done this? Have you done that? But a lot of them are about putting in place things that are culture change Because that's the only way it becomes sustainable and then you don't rely on a single person with a passion It actually becomes part of your culture So all the alternative is that um, you know, you can get external support and You know a critical friend to challenge you um, so On this slide. I've got the links here now. What I'm going to do at this point I shall give you the the link to the content If I pop this in the text chat and again, I'm not so familiar with stream Yard, so it may be that kerry I'll put it under comments. Okay. I'll put it under comments. Um Except I can't see how to add it under comments. So out there we are. Thank you very much kerry. That's great and This has got all the the key links you need For the maturity version the light version there that we talked about and for the one I'm just about to talk through as well Um, so you can download that you've got the link to the background. Um, I'll give you the link to the slides as well So that you can get back to those Okay, so that's the institution level but Most of the learners experience isn't actually directly impinged by what goes on at that level It's affected by what goes on in terms of the teacher's awareness It's about the course design the resource creation the pedagogical practice And so on so we have a separate model and again, I'll give you a link to that in a moment Well, in fact, it's on that link. We've just had it's kind of down near the bottom And this is looking at courses now. It's 10 themes and again, it's about things that are measurable So is there evidence of live quiz use for example, because that's actually a really good accessibility benefit Um, it really helps people with mental health issues people struggling with anxiety Not sure if they're keeping up with the class people with short term memory issues who Aren't quite sure if they've understood what they should have done or remembered it So simple things that we do every day as teachers Actually translate into really important accessibility Elements for supporting disabled students So there's a whole list there and you know, if you look down those Many of those you'll think oh, actually there's a bit of that in universal design for learning or there's a bit of that in the lory lard model of Conversational frameworks ABC learn those sorts of things and we've actually Mapped that I'll come to in a minute We've mapped it to a wide range of other frameworks so you can see how it all fits in but What we're focusing on is these areas because they Involve both the resources element And the organization element as well as the human element and that holistic approach to accessibility is really important It's not about Throwing a whole bunch of technical standards at people and saying oh those are the standards get on with it This is not about that. It's about information giving navigation orientation support reliance community building confidence Metacognition that's what accessibility translates to and that's why it's such a fantastic opportunity for further education Colleges because it is about what most colleges are passionate about So there's some examples there of what we mean by information giving you know the accessibility information Do you tell them how accessible your word documents are? um Do you tell them in advance about your curriculum content that actually everything online is just a word document That monoculture or do you say no? We use a whole range and we do that for good pedagogical reasons and Which is also accessibility reasons So those are the sorts of things and you'll be able to see all the details the support self-reliance You see all those questions if you then download that and I'll show you that well it's on the link You've just had but just before we move to and look at that link This is also mapped to multiple models. I said that you know a lot of those themes there would be familiar for just good teaching and so we've mapped Each part of our 10 different themes We've mapped across to give you examples of where it fits the blackboard exemplary Course program or the cast universal design for learning or the arcs model or any of these that you may or may not be familiar with So the the point is what I want to do through this session is really Encourage you that accessibility is not an alien exotic thing. It's something that Many of your staff would already feel really familiar with but they just don't necessarily know the Additional layer that we talked about right at the beginning so that it's not just wow great pedagogy great resources great activities but it's also And they all work in a predictable way that allows the student the kind of Agency to change things as they need to listen to it instead of reading it to magnify it And it will work without having to scroll left and right and and all that So again, we've got an example Here I can show you At the module level. This is the the actual live one that we use with organizations um, where there's waiting for the different elements because some things have a bigger kind of Maturity sustainability element than others and some things are harder to achieve than others so they they should wait more in the scoring um, and As you go through that, you know deciding whether you agree disagree slightly agree mostly agree It will automatically calculate out um your your badge And tell you Oh, no that one's got some bits missing. Sorry. I thought that was the one I wanted But um the the one that we use with organizations you get your own version of this you then can tweak it yourself and it will give you Results it will give you a badge as well at the end if it'll tell you whether you are bronze silver gold Um, just as the institution level one will do as well So and again, you can do it on your own by downloading the creative commons one Or you can get external support and that critical friend challenge as well So that's on the link that you've already got Let's just talk briefly about the risks and then we'll look at the benefits and then we'll end by looking at how you can um How you can kind of benefit from this as an organization and lots of free links that you can look at So the key thing is that in the legislation and we're talking about the 2018 public sector bodies accessibility regulations which apply to all colleges universities and so on um, it actually spells out that digital content in the digital context digital content is binary and measurable in terms of whether it is accessible or not So the document has headings or it doesn't it has descriptions for the images or it doesn't and the paragraph 12 says a failure to comply with the accessibility requirement is a failure to make a reasonable adjustment and A failure to make a reasonable adjustment means a failure In the context of the equality act and the disability discrimination act In other words, there's loads of things you do In terms of working with your disabled students where you might have some debate about what's a reasonable adjustment or not In terms of your digital world There is no debate if it is not meeting the accessibility requirement. You have failed to make a reasonable adjustment Now there's two elements to that One is the government digital services are um have a rolling program of website auditing of public sector bodies so lots of universities have Had this already lots of councils have I think there's very few fe colleges last year But they are ramping them up more as they they only started last year. So there'll be more colleges this year You'll be audited when they find problems And they'll probably not go deeper than the vle probably the main website your accessibility statement Maybe the vle you get 12 weeks to fix the issues Now that's their timing. You can't say oh, yeah, but we've got an inspection coming up You've got 12 weeks to fix the issues and if they're not satisfactorily fixed you get forwarded to the equality and human rights commission now Whether that's a scary thing or not. I'm not going to comment But the bigger risk I think is disabled students experiencing persistent digital discrimination because they know that It should be accessible and they find that it isn't they could Definitely take their own legal action or even just conduct a griller campaign of every time You mark their grades they come back and say now I'm disputing that because I was dealing with inaccessible content It took me much longer. It was a much bigger task So I need a better grade to reflect your lack of accessibility. So that's also a possibility to be aware of The two basic requirements are to improve your accessibility and to communicate it effectively through Accessibility information now. I've got link there to the Legal wording of the model template. I've looked in I did some work in Wales recently where I looked at 13 Fe colleges not one of them had a compliant accessibility statement, which was a bit scary But the really useful information comes at course level Helping students to benefit and there's another link here again. I'll give you the link to this Through the presentation that sample template gives you A sort of model that you can use to just build a course level accessibility template. It's got all the things that a perfect Accessibility course might have and you just delete the bits that don't apply to you So it's a really quick and easy way of starting To have some accessibility information for your students and beginning to think through what you could use yourself So in summary good teaching and learning is that onion of experience the platform resources activities plus The ability to personalize it in those different ways It's a legal requirement. It's an institution wide responsibility So it has to be owned from high up and it's got benefits for everyone There's some really useful resources from the education training foundation from their enhanced platform And I've got links to a load of accessibility specific webinars there the association colleges have got At least two sections in that creating post-covid strategy with accessibility I wrote one of them some another colleague wrote one on assisted technology There's free courses from a head island accessibility for managers and for teachers free free resources from ability net sculpt guidance That's some great free simple Guidance with videos on getting started on the main things And just what I'd like you to do now if I can get you that Just want to fill in your planned actions from this And I'll give you the link to the resource and To this Okay, so here's the link to the form and again if Kerry can do the magic that I need That's the link to the form So just to spend a minute saying okay, we covered a lot of stuff in a short time Which of those would you like to follow up from and there's Um It includes the option to book a 15 minute discussion where we don't have to go at the same speed But that's entirely option. So we're not harvesting your emails. That's a completely optional one if that would be handy and then the link to this re to this slideshow I will give you And that is also in the chat here And hopefully Kerry can do the magic to get it into the comments And that's it So thank you very much for attending and do have a look at that And that google form if there's anything there that you want to do The anything relating to the useful links You want that slide link underneath? And the slide link is probably the key thing because the slide link gives you access to everything else Thank you so much Alistair a Virtual clap from everybody who's watching as well. I'm sure Uh, if there aren't any questions or any comments Do just pull into the chat because I can't hear whether Kerry's talking Just let Alistair know that I've just asked for questions um And we can add any to the screen as well And I'll just show him your appreciation as well by showing you all of the Showing him all the lovely messages Also, if you want to have a look obviously, there are other links here as well But I've also shared Alistair's Link to the slides in in the discord As well if you want to go and have a look at those afterwards So just a big Thank you again To Alistair for everything that he's done This afternoon and to Amy, of course who you wasn't able To join us And oh, there's a comment. Let's see. Ah, just a nice. Thank you message. Thank you Jessica. So Without further ado, I shall finish this session If you want to you can also ask Alistair or passing any comments to Alistair as well in our discord channel so another online Clap for Alistair for for his session And I will say goodbye to you for this afternoon And we shall finish and I hope to see you at some of the other sessions later on


What's good you too? This is what you were back at y'all again? If you're new to the channel go ahead hit that like button come in subscribe make sure you click post notification So you'll be notified a tiny budget on heat in today's video I will be showing you guys how to draw a alien So without further ado, let's go right to the big you All right you guys and there you have it how you bought you will draw a alien Yeah


What's good, Josh, but Ross back again with another video. So let me check out 10 WWE match finishes that nobody saw coming. It's, I guess you could say it's rare. It's rare, especially in WWE nowadays since a lot of people are checking the dirt sheets and online and social media. And, and, you know, we, you know, a lot of the hardcore fans kind of have a gauge of where WWE may go. You know what I'm saying, which is the information that they've been given and just being able to put two and two, two and two together, you can kind of figure out where storyline, where match may go. But there's those rare instances where you don't know or not even don't know you think, you know, and then all of a sudden, boom, wait a minute. You know what I'm saying? Wait, I didn't see this, this, the match ending like this. I didn't see this, this match, you know, going to this decision. Wait, this person won. It's rare. Sometimes it can be good, you know, an overall positive reception from the fans and then sometimes this reception can be negative because it may not make sense to a lot of the fans at the time of the booking. So it's rare that it does happen where WWE is able to fool everybody or majority of the people watching these shows and matches, but when they are able to, it does create conversation right afterwards. So we're going to check this out. Appreciate all the love and support you guys showing on channels by WrestleMania. There have been several match finishes at WWE. Yeah, let's get right into this bad boy. WWE that are completely stunned the fan base. This can either be because the victory in the match was the wrestler that fans simply didn't expect or the finish comes completely out of nowhere and fans are left in total shock as to what they've just witnessed. Join us now as WrestleMania looks at 10 WWE match finishes that nobody saw coming. Be sure to subscribe and hit that notification bell for daily wrestling videos and follow us on Facebook for exclusive list. Also, check out our new channel WrestleMania shorts. Number 10, Stone Cold Steve Austin versus Mankind versus Triple H at SummerSlam 99. The main event of the 99 SummerSlam event saw Stone Cold Steve Austin defend his WWE title against both Mankind and Triple H. Going into the match, it was fully anticipated by the fan base that this was to be Triple H's night. The game had received a substantial push throughout the Summer 99 and it was expected that this was going to culminate with the game winning the big one at SummerSlam. However, when Mankind delivered a double-arm DDT on Austin and pinned him to win the match in the title, fans were absolutely stunned. Even JR and Jerry Lawler on commentary were completely flabbergasted. There are several theories as to why Mankind won the match. One theory states that Austin didn't want to lose the title to Triple H, but this was debunked when Austin put the game over two months later. The more logical theories that the guest referee for the match, Jesse Ventura, didn't want to raise the hand of a heel, so that's why WWE went with a Mankind victory. Mankind's WWE title reign would be short-lived though, as on the next night on Raw, Triple H would defeat Mankind to capture his first ever world title in the company. Number 9, Shameless versus Daniel Bryan at WrestleMania 28. During the build to WrestleMania 28, Daniel Bryan's popularity was beginning to take off in WWE and fans thought there was actually a chance that WWE would decide against Bryan losing his world title to the 2012 Royal Rumble winner, Shameless. However, when the match ended within 18 seconds at WrestleMania 28, fans were left speechless. Fans predicted a lengthy match between the two and someone expected the match to steal the show. 18 seconds was a massive disservice and WWE believed that the fans would love the finish, but it certainly didn't. Instead of the match finished making Shameless into an ultra-popular babyface, Bryan slowly but surely turned into one of the single most popular talents in WWE. And it's crazy. That right there, that right there, that's where things start to catapult for him. Because I believe Daniel Bryan at that time was a heel. He was a heel and people had, there were some people at WrestleMania that had the yes signs and he was doing no and that's when things, even as a heel there's like that's not what's up and that's when the yes moving started to really grow and his popularity started to skyrocket because people were like this was a disservice. That's crazy. Their decision doing that ultimately helped him get to where he was in WWE history. Number eight, Goldberg versus The Fiend at Super Showdown 2020. When it was announced that The Fiend would defend the Universal title against Goldberg at Super Showdown, it looked like the match was going to be a stopgap for The Fiend on the road to WrestleMania 36. Initial creative plans for WrestleMania 36 call for The Fiend to defend his title against Roman Reigns but in one of the most infamous booking decisions ever, they had The Fiend lose to Goldberg. The Fiend before the match with Goldberg was presented as an unstoppable force and the wrestling community was outraged that they would sacrifice such an exciting and compelling character in favor of another Goldberg title win. One of the main issues in the match was how poorly WWE presented The Fiend. He didn't look remotely credible and he lost to a version of the Jackhammer that looked more like a suplex. It was a terrible move from WWE to have Goldberg win the title and this match is going to be criticized and loathed for many years to come. Yeah, that was the wrong booking decision. The wrong booking decision. Just why? Why, bro?  That really just I was done.  This is this is no, no, no. That's all I'm gonna say. No, no, no. 7. Triple H versus The Rock versus Mick Foley versus The Big Show at WrestleMania 16. WrestleMania 16 was to be The Rock's finest hour. It was rumored to win the WWE title in the main event and he would defeat Triple H, Mick Foley and The Big Show in a fatal four-way matchup. However, when Vince McMahon shockingly turned on the great one, allowing the game to retain the title, it made for one of the most surprising match finishes of the Atodera. Following the initial surprise of the match finish hitting fans, the surprise quickly turned to anger as it proceeded to throw rubbish into the ring. Yep. The Rock should have dethroned the game at WrestleMania and it was the next month that backlash where the Rock would finally defeat the game to become WWE Champion once again. 6. Browlet's Bass back when Vince wanted all that. Vince wanted you to throw trash. Vince wanted you to, you know what I'm saying? The fans to get upset. It made, it made for better, you know, just the overall television interview. Like the fans are upset that I rate. Oh, no, not this one. There's no versus Kofi Kingston on Smackdown in 2019. Oh, no. Kofi Mania was one of the finest storylines of the modern era, but the end of Kofi Kingston's WWE title reign was handled completely backwards. Just Kingston would take on Brock Lesnar on the 20th anniversary of Smackdown special. And whilst fans anticipated Kingston to be dethroned by Lesnar, we knew it seemed to be out of the question in shocking fashion. Lesnar performed a single f5 and pinned Kingston in eight seconds to win the title. This was a massive spin in the face of Kingston and all of his celebrated work. Kingston going down with the fight would have made for a compelling story, but they just couldn't resist the squash match formula when it came to Lesnar and it was incredibly disappointing as a fan to witness.  You don't have the best title reign that you could expect or hope for after so many years of, you know, being in the company, but you know, saying, you know, you had a lengthy title reign, you became the champion. You know you're going to lose to Brock, that's fine, but at least you put on a match where the fans say, damn, Kofi gave it all he could, but Brock is just too powerful to overcome. And then you get squashed in eight seconds. And then after that, you just forget that the WWE Championship ever existed. You don't try to go back for it. You don't try to offer up a rematch. You just go back to serving pancakes in the mid-car division. Go back to catering. Number five, John Cena versus Sheamus at TLC 2009. John Cena's WWE title match versus Sheamus at the TLC pay-per-view in 2009 seemingly came out of nowhere. Sheamus was relatively new to the war brand and he was already being thrown into the deep end with a pay-per-view match with WWE's top guy. The match would be a tables match and heading into the match, no one was predicting WWE actually pulled a trigger on a Sheamus win, but they did the unthinkable. In an awkward finish, Sheamus would push Cena off the top rope and he crashed right through a table, ending the match. Sheamus would then be declared as a new champion as the crowd in attendance sat in utter disbelief. Yep, I'm like, wait, what? As an untested guy was now the WWE Champion. It was a huge risk though that luckily paid off as Sheamus has been a consistent talent for the company since this moment back in 2009 and he's widely regarded as one of the best workers in the entire WWE. Number four, Stone Cold Steve Austin versus The Rock at WrestleMania 17. Nobody could have ever predicted a finish to the match between Steve Austin and The Rock in WrestleMania 17. Austin would turn heel siding with Vince McMahon in one of the most surprising yet backwards match finishes in WWE history. Going into the match, it seemed like the logical outcome was Austin getting the win, but a heel turn seemed out of the question. No one saw that coming. It was critical of a heel turn mainly because it didn't make any sense for Austin to side with McMahon and many fans believed it to be a character killing match finish that could have been easily avoided. Number three, Goldberg versus Brock Lesnar at Survivor Series 2016. This one was really shocking. Following a 12 year absence, Goldberg returned to WWE in 2016 for what appeared to be- And at this point, I was like, okay, I'm off of Goldberg being back. At this point, when he came back, I was like, this is cool. It's just beating Kevin Owens. The way he beat Kevin Owens, I wasn't a big fan of. The way he beat The Fiend, I wasn't a big fan of. So I was like, I was out of that. I was glad that he was back initially. In one match only appearance, Goldberg would collide with Brock Lesnar in the main event of Survivor Series in a WrestleMania 20 rematch. The match was designed to promote WWE 2K17 and due to Lesnar being on the cover of the game and Lesnar being a regular performer in WWE, everyone was under the impression that Lesnar would actually win. However, in a move that stunned fans, Goldberg squashed Lesnar in just over a minute. This was unbelievable as Lesnar had never been manhandled in this manner. It later surfaced that this was Lesnar's idea who believed that there was a substantial story to tell with Goldberg regaining his credibility in WWE and WWE booking an eventual rematch between the two down the line. Number two, The Shield versus- I remember watching that. I just remember watching that live and I'm thinking, yeah, Brock's gonna win at some point. And then the match being over that quick, I was legitimately shocked. It was like, I couldn't believe what I had saw. That was, hey, kudos to Brock. Gotta give him props here, man. He called the right move here. Goldberg winning in that short fashion definitely made fans, oh, that's the Goldberg we remember from WCW. That's the Goldberg. Team Hell No and Randy Orton on SmackDown 2013. The Shield were unstoppable as a faction from their initial debut in 2012 and they remained unbeaten for the first seven months of their careers. However, on a random episode of SmackDown, their unbeaten record was shattered. The Shield would team up to take on Team Hell No and Randy Orton and this just seemed like a typical Shield match where they would end up getting the win. But to the surprise of everyone, when Daniel Bryan locked in the Yes Lock on Seth Rollins, Rollins tapped out. The fans in attendance came unglued as they anticipated a moment of this magnitude to happen on a taped edition of SmackDown. So it was a huge deal. When the Shield would eventually lose, it was believed that it would take place on a huge pay-per-view such as WrestleMania. But the fact that it was on a random and seemingly standard episode of SmackDown highlighted that iconic WWE moments can happen when fans least expect them to. And this is where a good lengthy win streak especially if you're pushing a group or individual, that can play into it. Especially if it's done right, it can play into it. And then when that person finally loses, it creates that moment like, oh my God, they lost.  So it creates multiple incentives for people to check out the show, the weekly shows because you never know what's gonna happen. People to go to the shows because you never know what's gonna happen. And it can just potentially boost or elevate a certain wrestler or their character for being the one to beat this undefeated streak or whatever. And number one, Brock Lesnar versus Undertaker at WrestleMania 13. Of course. The Undertaker's WrestleMania win streak was legendary. Of course. For the longest time, nobody could have ever imagined it to end. However, when Lesnar pinned the dead man's shoulders to the mat at WrestleMania 30, an eerie silence fell over the audience. I couldn't believe it. The reactions were a state of confusion as fans couldn't believe it. They had witnessed some believe it to be a mistake while some just couldn't emotionally react to such an insane moment in time. Could not believe we presented the match finish amazingly. As Lesnar's music didn't even hit immediately following the one, two, three and all the focus was on the energy and emotion of the audience. While some were critical of their decision to end the street, the response from the fan base in attendance at WrestleMania 30 was like nothing had ever been seen before. It was truly captivating and a match finish that nobody saw coming. But they have it, folks. I still, I don't think the streak should have ended there. That's going to be always be my stand on it. It shouldn't have ended with Brock. It should have ended most likely with Roman Reigns. I know some people feel like it should have never ended, but I do think at some point someone needed to be able to take that. And what better way of anyone taking that than Roman Reigns? Imagine we just go back to a world. And I've probably said this before, imagine a world where Roman Reigns is, you know, getting booed. No one really likes him. A couple of people like him, but he's mostly getting booed. He faces the Undertaker or whatnot and he beats him. They have a good match, a really great match. He beats him. Maybe even retires him at WrestleMania because that could be that could be a passing of a torch moment if the match is good and Undertaker's healthy. Beats him. And it takes a lot to beat him, but he beats him. He may even, you know, you're saying you could even have him cheat if you wanted to. If you really wanted to get that real heel heat, have him cheat, you could do that. But say you have him beat him clean. It took everything in his power to do it. Like infamously, that night after WrestleMania where he was booed out the building for 20 minutes, have him heal it up. And there you go. There you go. That's it. He would be the most hated star, but he would be the most watched star. People would pay money just to hate him, to boo him. He would have been a mate, man. Could have had him as a heel. Could have had him become the champion. At that point, you know, you just have him do whatever it takes to win. Easy. We would have probably a version of the tribal chief then rather than now. They would have pulled the trigger then. That's the only instance. I think the streak should have ever been broken is to catapult Roman Reigns who needed it because he was already getting negative reactions. Now let's make money from him getting these negative reactions. Let's build it up. That's my only thing. But comment down below. Let me know some other shocking moments and matches that you didn't see coming. Another shocking one for me. Brock Lesnar squash and John Cena. I never saw that coming. I don't think anyone saw that coming. And the fact that that happened was insane. So if you've got any other shocking moments that you just didn't see coming in wrestling, especially in WWE comment down below. Let me know. But appreciate all the love and support guys shown on channel Road to 150k and I'm still young speedy you to wrestling champion the world. Appreciate y'all kicking me. See y'all in the next one. Peace.


When it comes to out-of-home, it's going to be about the combination of out-of-home as a medium and mobile, which is to me an out-of-home medium too, because of the possibility that mobile offers today to out-of-home, whether it's in terms of understanding better audiences, drive them to interact, drive interactions between posters and the screen. Also because of the power of data, we will be able to enhance our measurement capabilities and eventually we can also be a platform for mobile using social media as an amplifier for our out-of-home campaigns. Expectations for India are growing, of course. I mean, in my mind, there is no reason why India is not the size of the China market, which means we need to grow that market about tenfold, and I hope it's going to happen very quickly.


hold it, that's fine. So hi, my name's Greg, as you said, Poyer. And I'm gonna talk about an infrastructure, architecture pattern that's probably my favorite, and also my 14th favorite cocktail, the Sidecar. But before we get that, let's talk about me for a second. Some quick background about me, for those of you that don't know me. I currently work at SENSU on an open source monitoring platform that maybe some of you have heard of. Prior to that, I spent about 15 years building systems and building software for internet service providers, the United States government for a little while, big data companies, and most recently, several software as a service platforms. So what ams a Sidecar? At this point, I kind of was working under the assumption that maybe everybody in the world had heard about Sidecars, and this wasn't all that interesting of a talk, but as recently as yesterday, I was totally proven wrong that still people don't really understand or know about the Sidecar pattern, so I'm kind of encouraged and hope that at least some people here get something out of the talk. Last year, this is a Sidecar with a dog in it, for those of you that don't know what this looks like. I love this picture, it made me happy this morning. I've been sick for the last couple of days, so I need some pick-me-ups in this talk. Last year, Brennan Burns and David Oppenheimer at Google published this paper at USENIX, called Design Patterns for Container-Based Distributed Systems, and in it, they talked about the Sidecar pattern, and they said that Sidecars extend and enhance the main container in a unit of deployment, for example, in Kubernetes like a pod. And in this case, really just main container is another word for the actual application that's running in the pod, and the Sidecar provides enhanced functionality. But I wanna frame our discussion more generally in the context of a holistic software architecture. But first, a couple of trigger warnings. I use some words in this talk, like software architecture and monolith, and I think I might get some people like angrily adding me on Twitter, because monolith specifically, I'm not using this as a pejorative to describe any software. I'm working on a monolith right now and I'm super happy to be doing so. I'm not talking about a monolith. I'm not even saying that monoliths are terrible. I'm just saying that this isn't a talk about why one architecture is better than another. It's just about how they are different, why, and maybe some of the benefits. I look at software building as a choose-your-own-adventure book, but it's like choose-your-own-architecture, right? Where it's this super expensive book that only ends when you run out of money. So my suggestion to anybody, right? So don't do that, don't run out of money. My suggestion is to choose an architecture that makes sense for your organization so that you don't end up engineering yourself into a hole that you can't dig yourself out of. And while we may be super thrilled to be in that hole that we dug ourselves, I mean, I've been there and I really enjoyed my time, but we didn't get out of it. So in this choose-your-own-adventure book, you might find yourself on this page where you say, like, your founding technical team has left post-IPO, and your sprawling organization of 25,000 people is now faced with addressing the mountains of technical debt that made you wildly successful, right? So choice one, find more tires, hire more people to carry them to the fire and light them, right? Like, just keep piling on. That's choice number one. Turn to some ridiculous page number. Number two is like, okay, let's reorganize our people and code in a way that makes not just necessarily microservices, but when I say microservices, I mean like a services-oriented architecture, right? But not like capital SOA, just services first in a decomposition based on business units, logical segmentation, that kind of thing. So either way, honestly, like congratulations, you live. Your business is not going to end because of your architecture choices. I mean, it could, possibly. But I haven't seen it happen yet. Actually, no, I'll take that back. I've seen it happen once. And it was cool. I didn't help build that one. No, yeah, I did. I helped, I've seen it happen twice. I built one of them. So, yeah, we'll say for the sake of this presentation, though, that you decided to choose number two. You and your leadership team got together and you said, okay, look, let's take a look at our product and take a look at our business needs and let's start to decompose this very obvious, coherent and clear architecture diagram into something that makes a little bit more sense and something that we can scale.  I see how this easily decomposes into services. Why don't we reorganize our teams around this very, very obvious decomposition so that all of our development efforts are aligned with this great new shining city on the hill that we're going to get to. And you get right away to work, making a new architecture diagram that looks very similar to a Death Star.   So we say, okay, this is our service. This is what a service is going to look like. All of them will look the same, but like this one will be yours, right? So we're going to do a very simple HTTP transport. So we have an HTTP listener. The next thing that the stack hits is like some rate limiting, right?  Then after that we have like a coherent authentication and author, I'm like describing something that's totally pie in the sky everywhere I've ever worked, but, you know, we'll get there someday. But a coherent sensible authentication and authorization layer that's like, has the ability to have accountability for the people using your internal services so that you know, like, who your customers are internally and how much resources they're consuming. And also, you want to prevent, like, unauthorized access between services for things that should not ever talk to each other, you have some compartmentalized sensitive information. I did work in an organization with classified sensitive information and the way that compartmentalization works there, it's very, very much like physical in some senses and moving across boundaries is like a big no-no and it's very heavily tracked and like declassification is this serious process. So like, this is a real need that people actually have and not even just in the United States government, right? But anyway, I digress, this is like a whole other talk that I have. Then you hit like a request logging layer that's like, okay, well, we've authorized this, now let's go ahead and log it and say with some kind of structured, sensible event format, right? Like, this is the request, this is the response, et cetera, et cetera. Then we hit our business logic, right? We have a persistence layer so that we have, you know, some backing data and then we have some like core service components like service discovery, configuration and metrics. And everyone's really happy about this brave new world and you get to this point where you're like, okay, but how do we build this now? And you have some choices, right?  And the thing I like about him in all of his pictures is that he always looks like he's like trying to make a decision between two things and in this one, he's clearly trying to decide, okay, do I build with shared libraries or do I use external processes that add functionality to each of our organizations deployed applications? And then Nick Jonas has this aha moment and he's like, hey, that's a sidecar. So even Nick Jonas is like recognizing the amazing, I don't know why that's flashing. I guess it's the aha moment is that powerful and also Nick Jonas' face. So everybody gets really excited about sidecars. We get excited about microservices. We're doing a little bit of conference driven development but like it's pretty well accepted at this point and we're at this pivot point where we can be architect. So you get your well staffed organization, well organized organization together and you say, well, we all want these things to look the same. Let's start out all building them in a single language for example, what if we had, I know, that's almost laughable these days. What if we step back and we actually like build these shared components once and dedicate and staff resources to maintaining them over the course of their lifespan and allow those to be easily reused between each of our deployed applications. And at this point, I wanna say that like this is, notice I have not yet said like, oh, and also we're using containers because that doesn't actually have to be the case, right? Like we've actually been deploying sidecars to VMs like since the dawn of computers. So recall in our architecture diagram, the HTTP listener and rate limiting, right? Possibly even authentication and authorization and request logging, that sounds an awful lot like a reverse proxy, right? Like engine X is terminating SSL and maybe doing some rate limiting and it happens to be local to the host that the service is listening on instead of like a loan balancing layer. I've deployed engine X like this before I'm sure other people have successfully. And engine X is providing a lot of really important stability for your application with buffering, caching, rate limiting and load balancing in some cases. And that's additional functionality that you didn't have to implement yourself that you can reuse across every single service. It's uniform, it's dependable and you're not writing it, right? And that's the first big thing that I like about sidecars is reusability and I think that in the world of the DevOps like we talk a lot about reuse and instead of re-implementation, right? Because the more you end up rebuilding the same thing over and over again like it's never exactly the same and if you're implementing these libraries in multiple languages, the implementation is fundamentally different in every language. So by deploying this application alongside another application we add this functionality to it and we didn't have to rebuild it. And this is where like in working on this talk I was talking to a lot of people that I really respect and I got a lot of nerd anger because they were like but shared libraries. And yeah, okay, sure, sure. You work at a unicorn where there's only one language and I'm really happy for you. I've never worked there. So maybe don't judge me for wanting to like solve a problem that I've actually had and let's take a step back and just talk about the merits of this architecture, right?  They are very implementation specific and the interfaces are not language bound. And the other thing that's really interesting about this is that sidecars become runtime dependencies instead of build time dependencies which means that they're independently built, tested and deployed outside of the scope of your application, right? So when a critical vulnerability hits and it happens to be affecting one of your client libraries you'd have to like build and deploy the world.  I still think that building and deploying the world is a terrifying button to press.  And solid integration regression testing of your sidecars gives you that sense of confidence where you don't have to like worry that you're going to introduce a breaking change because you clearly define these interfaces and document them and you say we will adhere to this interface like this sidecar will behave a very expected way. And you can do like end to end full suite integration testing that way. And it makes it like the level of confidence you can get with these kind of deploys I think is significantly higher than if you're building and deploying because of a change in your client library that you're maintaining every other service even more causing every other team in your organization to do it for you, right? Like hey everybody has to go deploy it's just a scary moment. The other big I guess conversation around sidecars arguments I got into was well why does it have to live on the same host? Why can't I have a pool of shared resources? Like think of service to service routing. It's not uncommon for you to have like your Nginx SSL termination layer and then an HA proxy routing layer behind that or maybe we're going direct to HA proxy now because it does SSL okay and buffering but I still prefer to put Nginx in front. Anyway, you'll have like a pool of load balancers, right? Like think ELBs or I think there's a GCP equivalent some kind of service proxying load balancer. And you can go that route and that's perfectly legitimate. There are two key things that a sidecar provides that that architecture doesn't I think but before we like really talk about those let's kind of dig in and work our way toward them. So as a concrete example we'll talk about a configuration service. In our imaginary architecture configuration could be a client library and I don't know if you've ever done like runtime configuration I had not until just a couple of jobs ago, right? So you have a library who's responsible for talking to either a simple configuration service via HTTP or maybe it talks directly to something like ZK or SCD and this library does all kinds of failure handling for you and it's very friendly but there's a problem that exists with this that you end up having to solve. So your durable configuration data does have to live somewhere in both worlds. There's no arguing that. On the left we have our ZK or some kind of configuration service and it's centralized. We're scaling it like a SAS, an internal SAS basically. I would argue that like if in a services world you do kind of run a bunch of internal sasses in my mind like that's how I think about it because you have all of these services that have to be incredibly well behaved and have to respond in like a uniform manner and handle all of the like failure cases that an actual SAS does. So maybe you're getting really good at building those but I would argue that maybe some of them don't have to be full sasses. So this could just be a key value store or something. On the right we have like the sidecar equivalent of that and your configuration sidecar might behave fairly similarly to a configuration service where you have like a very simple interface which is like put and get to a key, a path to your configuration data and maybe it's one or more keys but for our example we're gonna simplify it and it's gonna be a single key.  We'll use JSON for our configuration. So our interface for a sidecar might look a little bit different. You could build any interface you want but for our example we'll just do a simple CLI that's the exact same binary that goes into the sidecar that you just go get onto your laptop and you conf put dash i as your input file, right? And then config service order service and that puts it into the key value store. You don't have to know what it's putting it into, how that works but you have a very simple clean interface into that configuration service and then the same thing basically runs inside the sidecar but we might, we could maybe fancy it up a little bit, right, because like something that just runs once and gets a config file and puts it on disk isn't very interesting. So let's say that we are in containers because I happen to use the word volume in here and maybe we don't have to talk about it in container land but let's say we're a pod, right?  Well just it'll pull. It doesn't even like watch for ZK or SED events, it just pulls at a fixed interval that the service builders chose just arbitrarily. So we've sacrificed a little bit of consistency for availability here because we're not hammering our config service or key value store all the time with requests for updates. So regardless of the interfaces that expose though this affords us a little bit more flexibility than an HTTP based service because it's located on the same host as your application so you have every communication primitive available to you to build around and in our case I kind of want to just make it talk to the file system, right? Because this is really simple, all our application has to do is look on disk at a pre-configured path for a configuration file. It knows the format, the configuration service is completely unaware of the format, it's just stalling bytes like a byte array into this key and then you as a service owner like interface with that byte, that byte array on disk in a file. And but how is that different, right? Than a client library really. Well, again this is about like crossing language boundaries first of all because you're not having to re-implement that. It's right there, it's available for you and it's just super simple and you can get into this situation where like let's build a new application and go, right? Like we're a JVM shop, there's a wonderful client library that lets us talk to our configuration service and but we have a business reason to build something and go and so we're like okay well now we have to go basically some other team has built this library and they manage the configuration service. We work with them to implement to their spec and we don't have whatever service building framework is available for the JVM so we kind of have to build our own little runtime thing and we put configuration loading at the very first thing before we test for availability of any runtime dependencies. So what ends up happening is that our app starts and we're in Go so we're failing fast if we don't hit a runtime dependency, right? We're just gonna let ourselves crash and then we'll get restarted by our process manager. So we go to our config service, we crash on the next runtime dependency and we restart and let's say we got really gung-ho about our deploy and we started a hundred instances of this and all of them are crashing in a really tight loop and we didn't even bother configuring our process manager to do any kind of back off whenever we're crashing even though we're using system D and we could totally do that but we end up dossing the config service because it's crashing, a fin's not being sent, you've got a bunch of sockets on your config service hosts that are in fin weight forever, you hit SOMaxCon, cast gaining failure, a total configuration service outage for your organization and now all of your stuff is failing because it won't start because of this one bad actor, right? And maybe you are better than the company, I was that one that's happened and you have some things in place to mitigate this problem but the point is that with a sidecar this wouldn't have happened in the first place because we have this process over here whose job is to be very dependable, very simple, it handles like managing the state on the disk and all your service had to do was like open a file and read its contents so even if it's like spinning tightly in that loop on the disk, it's really not a big deal and that file's contents are getting updated only whenever things change in the key value store and those are like the two key final benefits of sidecars, locality and isolation. Sidecars isolate the interaction between processes and localize them to a single host. Your application may abuse the local copy of the sidecar but it's only abusing its instance of that sidecar, not somebody else's. These aren't multi-tenant processes, right? Like you have two processes that are tightly coupled on a single host that have their own life spans and every instance of the application having its own instance of the sidecar means that we're scaling out with demand immediately and you're gonna have to take that into consideration like this is an operational cost on the owners of the configuration service, you're really gonna have to think about that. Okay, well now we have like 50,000 copies of this sidecar service, how do we scale that? But that's the thing you can do, like you are scaling out just your key value store at that point, you're not also scaling out this whole service layer as well. You're not really running a SaaS, you're running a very simple application that other people use and consume. And those are the whys of sidecars, reuse, locality and isolation. And I think that these are really, I don't think I can state the importance and like the magnitude of these benefits adequately but I hope that at least some of it came through. And now for like the fun part of the talk, at least for me, in my proposal, I promised some like practical examples of things that you could do with sidecars. I mean the config service is a totally practical example, I've done that one myself, I actually use it for like my little crappy Kubernetes cluster. I don't know, maybe I'll open source it or something, it doesn't really matter but it's just super dead simple. And in working on this talk I was like, well I should like get good sidecars, like things that people might get excited about because I know that I learn about things best when I'm super excited by a particular concrete example of an idea. So I wanna start with Prana from Netflix and it's funny because this was like the thing that sparked the whole title of this talk because Prana is literally like the Netflix Paz stack lifted out into a sidecar JVM with an HDP proxy. So like your Go application at Netflix can talk to all of their Paz components without having to re-implement like a rich suite of JVM libraries in Go. And I know that they have done Hysterix in Go and I've actually talked to the person that's working or worked on Hysterix. And I think that they are actually building out some client libraries for like first class citizens in Netflix. But like this exists and this is super dope, like this is the stack taken out of like a monolithic JVM application and put into a sidecar. And I just, I don't know, I just got super excited by that one in particularly. Jess Rizel tweeted about this like last week and this one was like, this is maybe my second favorite one. They're sort of in order of favoritism. It's an OAuth2 reverse proxy. I don't know if any of you have ever done an OAuth2 workflow in like a Rails app or something.  Like I hate OAuth2, I don't remember how it works and I swear to God I'm never doing it again because this just does it for me. Like this is so dope. You can do an Nginx for SSL termination and then you've got this like OAuth2 proxy that's sitting there in the middle as middleware between Nginx and your app. So like the request comes in for authentication. It just goes and talks to Google or GitHub or whoever you configured does the workflow for you and then passes the token to your application identifying the user. And it's like, I'm done, I'm done. I don't even have to like consider authentication for anything I build ever again because not only does it do the workflow, it lets you use your own CSS and like static assets to customize it for your organizations like look and feel on the web. I don't know, yeah, yeah. I thought that was super dope. This is a super, super also rad sidecar that I found just the other day. It's a Let's Encrypt certificate manager for Nginx in a sidecar. I don't know if any of you have ever built like internal certificate management systems before and you've had to roll certificates everywhere.  And Let's Encrypt is probably one of the coolest things that has happened in the last few years because it's like API-driven certificate management. Like how dope is that? So this sidecar, not only does it do like the initial certificate creation, it rolls your TLS certs for you when they expire before they expire. So yeah, I really like this one too. This one, like this was literally my face when I saw it because I was just like, what? So I mean, like there's some really cool stuff out there. Service to service routing is like a near and dear topic to my heart because I'm like a super microservices nerd. I'm sorry, I really am. I get a whole startup. I mean literally like employee number one and I'm like, we're using Kubernetes. I'm like, why? Cause I can. So you have to solve this service to service proxying and routing stuff whenever you do that. And so I don't know if you know buoyant.io but they're the people that do linker D and I think at least one of the founding members worked on finagle at Twitter. So you have all of this like really rich configuration for your service to service routing, including things like rate limiting. I think they do off in, off the Z. I know that they do circuit breakers right out of the box and that's like a really powerful construct to just have like in your pocket when you go to build these systems. This is the thing that's really hard to get right and to do well. And speaking of the team that built finagle, some of them are now at Lyft and they worked on Envoy there and Envoy is also super cool. So linker D is to Kubernetes as Envoy is to VMs sort of, cause you can still use it in containers but like it feels like a lot of Lyft stuff feels very VM centric. Even though I know that they do a lot of container stuff but also very similar. It uses a middleware approach. So it's less of a black box than linker D is. You can actually insert middleware like custom middleware that you built at your organization into the request chain. And that's pretty cool. Speaking of Lyft, they have an AWS metadata proxy and this is like, I fell in love with this so I worked at a company that did, like we were a monitoring company specifically for AWS. And so literally everything we wrote had to have IAM credentials. And so we were using like STS to assume role all the time and like you wanna test that. Like you wanna on your laptop be building this stuff and you wanna know it's talking to the metadata service and not just using like your IAM credentials and you wanna know exactly which credentials it's using and you can use the metadata proxy to do that. And also what I know that Lyft is using this for in some cases if they're still using it is to do per container or per pod IAM roles in like a container paths like swarm or Kubernetes or something. So you trick Docker into routing requests to the like 169 whatever address that the metadata service is listening on locally to the metadata proxy process so that it will expose things like the container name or some kind of metadata and then the metadata proxy will use that to identify the service and STS assume role to a specified IAM role like in an environment variable or something. And that's like super rad. And if you're using the EC2 container service now it actually does this for you. It didn't when we started so we were using the metadata proxy but it'll do this for you and you can do per container IAM roles but if you're building or using your own container paths on AWS definitely check this out because it's super sweet. SciCars are cool okay. I'm Grappler on Twitter. All of my references and my slides are at this URL.  If you have any interest in it if you wanna talk to me about SciCars that's cool.  And that's it. Yeah that's all I got. Right okay well I mean fundamentally there's not really that much difference between a SciCars and a microservice except that like microservices don't necessarily have the locality or isolation component that a SciCars does because you can just as easily have microservices traversing the network to each other but like the specific thing about the SciCars is that it lives like the locality really is the big component there. Like think of like a Kubernetes pod right? So you'll have your app in a container and you'll have the SciCars in a container and those get scheduled onto the same host by Kubernetes. So that's I mean that's really the key difference. Yeah yeah sorry I'll repeat the question. The first one was like I still don't really understand the difference between a SciCars and a microservice and I was saying you know there's not much of one. The follow up was if you're not traversing the network like what IPC are you using right? Well that's the thing you can use anything. Like this could be any communication primitive offered by the VM itself so you could use UNIX sockets, you could use files, you could use shared memory but don't. But I mean you could use like mmapped files, you could do whatever you want right? Like that's the point. Like that, it's just a richer set of communication primitives. A lot of times it's like files on disk so like shared data volumes or something. Okay thanks. Give it up for Greg.


This review covers all of the common methods for the synthesis of aromatic and heterocyclic perfluorocal sulfides, a class of compounds which is finding increasing application as starting materials for the preparation of agrochemicals, pharmaceutical products, and, more generally, fine chemicals. A systematic approach is taken depending on the mode of incorporation of the SRF groups, and also on the type of reagents used. This article was authored by Vladimir Enboyko.