you said something about when you watch african movies there's something that you they show too much a domestic thing man and woman and who they with who and how much wife they man got an alliter a man could go how much wife he want he got got money he got got money and you feel like that needs to change? well entertainment is a tricky subject to to to to pronounce upon but i think that more emphasis should be placed on ways to earn money spreading of technology with you know ways to unite us economically instead of what happens in the bedroom between a man and a woman everybody know what happened between a man and woman we ain't got a common keep dramatizing it all the time some man over he got a relationship with the maid and he got a relationship with some other woman there's foolishness we don't want to see that over and over we want to see how we can unite together as a people this is what we want


First of all, thank you so much, Brian, for a very warm and welcoming greeting. I really appreciate the opportunity to be here. It's my first opportunity to come to Canberra. I had several reasons to want to do this. One, of course, was coming here to ANU. I had had the opportunity to listen to Brian speaking both at the Heidelberg Forum and also at the Lindau Forums for the Nobel Prize winners. To say nothing, they're sampling some of his wine, which I can report is an excellent product. So I was looking forward to coming here, not only to visit with you here, but also to spend some time at the ground station for the Deep Space Network, which I managed to spend a couple of hours at. That turns out to be quite relevant to some of the things I'm going to talk to you about tonight. I've been told that I have 40 minutes to do this, so please set your modems for 50 gigabits per second, because that's what we're about to do.  So, whoops, well, I just blew down. There we go. This is a photograph that was taken on the 25th anniversary of the ARPANET, the predecessor to the Internet, and it was taken in the interior of a church, the Christian Science Church in Boston. So this is their map room, and somehow it just seemed like a dramatic backdrop for the picture. A number of people are still around, but a number of those people have passed away, including one of them just yesterday, Frank Hart, who's over in the far right in the front. So we are losing some of our giants, but many of them are still busy and active. This is a picture of the original four-node network called ARPANET. It was built for the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. The purpose behind this network was to provide a network to link computers that were in use at about a dozen universities where artificial intelligence and computer science were being studied on behalf of the Defense Department. The funding for this came from a man named J.C.R. Licklider who believed that networks could be used for more than just computation. He was interested in their use as communication tools, as systems for allowing collaboration among parties. Douglas Engelbart, who was the inventor of the mounts, inventor of what was called the online system at SRI International in the Menlo Park near the Bay Area, San Francisco Bay Area, was equally convinced that computers could be used to augment human capability. And those of you who are looking at headlines today reading about machine learning and artificial intelligence can appreciate the vision that these people had 30 or 40 years ago. So I was a graduate student at UCLA, and I wrote the software to connect the Sigma-7 computer to the interface message processor packet switch of the ARPANET. Sigma-7 is in a museum somewhere today, and some people think I should be there, too, but I'm here. So this is what a packet switch looked like in 1969. It was the size of a refrigerator. It was delivered to UCLA by a company called Bolt-Berenek & Newman in Cambridge, Massachusetts. And it was enclosed in a heavy metal container because they knew it was a military project and it was being delivered to an extremely hostile environment, a university filled with graduate students and undergraduates. And we understand that. So that was the size of a packet switch today.  To demonstrate the primitive nature of the ARPANET, my colleagues and I got together in 1994. It took us an entire day to set up this shot for Newsweek Magazine, but we had to find zucchinis and yellow squash and five-pound tins of coffee and string everything all together. But we put this together as a geek joke because if you look carefully at the network, you'll notice that it's mouth to mouth and ear to ear, that it's not ear to mouth, so this network would never work. So we figured that not too many geeks would notice this. I'm sorry to say that one of our John Postel passed away too early in 1998, but Steve Crocker and I both ended up working as a subsequent chairman of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, which John Postel helped to start way back in 1998. We were doing this project for the Defense Department, and so I felt compelled to bring the military out to see what packet switching could do for them. This is a packet radio van. It was being driven around the Bayshore area, radiating packets in a mobile environment. Now you do this all the time with your mobile phones, but at that time this was a difficult thing. This is in the early 1970s. So I wanted the military to see that we were doing something that would be relevant to them. The inside of the packet radio van had packet radios here. These are cubic foot radios that cost $50,000 each. They ran at 100 kilobits and 400 kilobits a second, which at the time was very fast. I mean, today that's sort of a dial-up modem. We were doing experiments with packetized voice and packetized speech at that same time because they were going to use this for military command and control. We knew they would need voice data and video. In order to carry voice traffic in this packet switched environment, we had to compress the voice signal down from the normal 64 kilobits a second, 8,000 samples a second at 8 bits each to 1,800 bits a second so we could carry more than one voice conversation on a 50 kilobit or 100 kilobit channel. It turns out when you compress the voice down to 1,800 bits a second, it loses a certain amount of quality.  Now by this time I'm in the Defense Department in Washington, D.C., and I have to demonstrate this system to a bunch of generals, and I'm trying to figure out how we're going to do this. And then I remembered that one of the participants in the packet voice program was from the Norwegian Defense Research Establishment. So we had Ingvar speak through the normal voice telephone network. Now we had him talk through our packet voice system and it sounded exactly the same. We just didn't tell the generals that everybody would sound that way. In 1974, Bon Kahn and I published a paper in IEEE Transactions on Communications on the detailed description of the Internet. A copy of this particular volume of transactions sold for $34,000 at an auction recently. So of course I went to my files to see if I had any more copies. So much for that retirement plan. I didn't find any more. This is not readable, I'm afraid, but it's a plaque that's at Stanford University and the reason that it exists there is that I had a team of people working on the ARPANET and the Internet during the earliest days. And the point I want to make is that this was not a purely American invention. It's true that Bob Kahn and I did the original design. But in my laboratory at Stanford University I had people from Norway, from Japan, from France, from Germany, from Italy participating in the design, implementation and testing of the system. And so this was a very international activity from the very beginning. In 1977, this is before the Internet became operational. I was concerned that the program needed to show that these protocols would work to connect multiple networks together. The ARPANET had shown how you could connect disparate computers, different brands of computers HP, digital, IBM together in a common homogeneous network. The Internet showed that we could do this over multiple and different types of packet switch nets. So we had a mobile packet radio net, we had the original ARPANET, and we had a packet satellite network in operation over the Atlantic, linking Europe and the U.S. And so in 1977 we had the packet radio van that you saw the picture of with all the military driving up and down the Bayshore Freeway, radiating packets through a gateway into the ARPANET, across the ARPANET to Europe, down to the University College London, through another gateway to the packet satellite network, and then back to the United States through the ARPANET again to USC Information Sciences Institute. Well, San Francisco and Los Angeles are about 400 miles apart, but the packets travel 100,000 miles because they went through two synchronous satellite hops back and forth across the U.S. and the Atlantic, and it worked. And I remember leaping around saying, it works, it works, like it couldn't possibly work. It's software, and when software works, it is a miracle. So this was a very important demonstration of the technology of the time. The National Science Foundation, the Department of Energy, and NASA all decided they wanted to be part of this growing network environment. NSF wanted to connect 3,000 universities around the United States, and so they built, or funded, and had built a National Science Foundation network, NSFNet, to link those universities together, and they cleverly arranged not to have all 3,000 connected to the same net. Instead, they had about a dozen intermediate networks which could connect to a bunch of different universities, and then those dozen networks would connect to the NSFNet backbone. The reason this was smart is that it meant that the backbone operator only had a dozen customers to worry about, not 3,000 of them, but it also illustrated how powerful the internet technology was, because it allowed this arbitrarily large number of networks to interconnect with each other as if they were all one uniform system. This is what the internet looks like now. It's bigger, it's global, it's very colorful. And the purpose behind this picture, the colors are intended to give you the sense that there are many, many different network operators running concurrently, and it's exactly true, there are half a million different operators of networks in the system. They all decide what hardware they're going to use, what software they're going to use, they decide who they're going to connect with under what terms and conditions, they decide what business model they're going to use, some are for-profits, some are non-profits, some are government-run. The point is this is an entirely distributed system. There isn't any central control. The only reason it works is that everybody adopted the same set of protocols called TCPIP. And so this is a good example of the power of networking. It's also a good example of the power of under-specification. In other words, we did the minimum we could get away with to make this architecture work because we didn't know at the time what all the applications might be. The consequence of this is that as new technologies have come along, we've been able to sweep them into the internet to support the movement of packets around the network. And as new applications have come along, the system continues to absorb and support those applications as speeds have gone up, as new ideas have come along, new platforms have become available like your mobile and laptops and tablets and the like. So the architecture is very layered.  So it's a little bit like postcards that don't know what you wrote on them. The postcards don't know how they're being carried. They don't know what's written on them. And the internet takes advantage of exactly that ignorance so that when we invent new transmission technology like optical fibers, we can sweep that in without change to the architecture. When somebody invents a new application, the packets of the internet and the internet itself don't have to change because the packets don't know what they're carrying. All the information about the application is at the edges of the net, whether it's in the cloud computing systems or the edges where your laptops, desktops and mobiles are. So this has allowed the internet to continue to evolve in a very dramatic way. Now, there's a lot of work that still should be done and could be done and I think will be done. I don't propose to go through in great detail every one of these bullets, partly because of the amount of time I have, but the thing I want to emphasize to you is that there is room for growth and evolution in this architecture. It is not stuck in the past, even though it was designed what, 45 years ago. Standards are super important. They come from many different agencies, as you can see in that list. And the reason standards are important is that they substitute for a bunch of bilateral negotiations to try to get pieces of technology to interwork. If everyone adopts the same standards, then you implicitly get interoperability out of that, assuming the standards are right. It's very important that the software that animates many of the devices on the network be reliable, especially considering that we're going to be relying on devices that we call the Internet of Things for virtually everything. We already rely very heavily on our mobiles, but you can imagine household appliances, security systems and the like to say nothing of self-driving cars. We also know that we don't know how to write software without bugs, and I'm sure every one of you has experienced that phenomenon, so we need to be able to update the software. But in order to do that, we have to make sure that the receiving device knows where did this software come from. Does it still have integrity? Has anybody modified it while it's on its way from the source to the updated device? So we need to use things like digital signatures in order to make sure the software is coming from a safe source. That's why strong end-to-end authentication is an important element in this dynamic environment. I think everybody here would agree that confidentiality and privacy are very important. Most recent legislation passed in the European Union called the General Data Protection Regulation, and the GDPR emphasizes how powerfully important it is to protect people's privacy in this increasingly online environment. Bob Kahn and I did make one small computational error when we did the original design. We thought, well, let's see, we've just finished building the ARPA net. That was not exactly a trivial effort, and it was a national-scale network. And so as we were designing the internet, which we knew had to be global because the Defense Department had to be able to operate everywhere in the world, we said, okay, let's see, how many networks will there be per country? And we thought, well, there should be at least two, so there'd be some competition. And then we asked ourselves how many countries are there, and there wasn't any Google to ask. So we guessed that 128, because that's a power of two, and that's what programmers think in. So that's 256 networks. And then we said, how many computers will there be per network? And we said, well, let's go crazy. How about 16 million? That's 24 bits of address space. So 8 plus 24 is 32 bits of address space, densely allocated that would give you 4.3 billion terminations, which is more than there were people in the world at the time. And so we thought that surely is enough for an experiment. And it was, in fact. But then around 1989, the internet became commercially available. And so the experiment escaped into the public. And we knew somewhere around 1992 or so that the 32-bit address space was not going to be enough because of the proliferation of local area nets, for example. And eventually, of course, mobiles and IoT devices. So the Internet Engineering Task Force developed IP version 6. You're using IP version 4. Some of you are using IP version 6. If you don't know that, that's a good thing. You shouldn't have to know. It has 128 bits of address space, which if you do the math is 3.4 times 10 to the 38th addresses. That's 340 trillion, trillion, trillion addresses, which should be enough to last until after I'm dead then it's somebody else's problem. So I used to go around telling everybody this means that every electron in the universe can have its own web page. Until I got a note from somebody at Caltech.  There's 10 to the 88th electrons in the universe and you're off by 50 orders of magnitude. So I don't say that anymore. But it's important to get this additional address space in. So please, if you have an ISP that's serving your needs, call them up and say, when can I get IPv6? Because they're complaining that nobody is asking for it. I don't think anybody should even know about it. So please ask and see if you can get a good answer from them. Let's see. I'm not going to go through all the rest of this stuff. Oh, there's one thing. The stable identifier thing is very important. Those of you who use the World Wide Web, and I'm sure we'd all raise our hands if I ask, recognize what a URL is, the uniform record locator. And you'll notice that inside of a URL is a thing called a domain name, which I'm sure you're all familiar with. Domain names are not stable. The reason they're not stable is that you have to rent the domain name. And if you forget to pay the rent, it may go away. Somebody else may acquire it. And so the identifiers for references to papers and websites and other things may go away. Sometimes you'll type a URL and you'll get back page not found, error 404, page not found. It may be because somebody has forgotten to renew the domain name. Think of all the references that there are in printed papers to URLs that may no longer resolve in 10 years or 15 or 20 or 30 years. So I'm very concerned about this. I'm concerned about preserving digital information, which is actually not as solid and stable as some other media are. I mean, there's Vellum, which has last for 2,000 years. There are photographs that last 150 years. How long do you think a CD-ROM is going to last? Or, you know, it's polycarbonate disc. Does anybody here remember five and a quarter inch floppy disks? Three and a half inch floppy disks? CD-ROMs, DVDs, Blu-ray? Sometimes the bits are still there. You just can't find a reader to read them. So I'm very worried about digital preservation. I have a very long half hour rant on that. I won't do that to you. But I do want you to know that people are working on this problem to make sure that the bits that you are creating and want to preserve can be preserved for long periods of time. So that's the plan. There's more things. I've already talked a little bit about Internet of Things. I'm very concerned about our focus of attention now on artificial intelligence and machine learning. And the reason is that it's dramatic technology. With multi-layer neural networks, we are seeing just extraordinary things happening. Those of you who've seen the headlines were Google's AlphaZero, AlphaGo, successfully played against some of the world's best Go players in Korea and in China. We see machine learning showing up in machine language translation, for example. Natural language translation by machine. Although it's not exactly perfect. It's a tremendous improvement over what it used to be. But I had one incident when I was in Heidelberg, actually. I was looking up the weather. And I didn't think about it. But the website I got was a German website. But the translation was done so quickly by the Google Chrome browser that I thought I was looking at an English language weather site. So I was looking at the weather report, and it said, chance of rain, 0%. Chance of fog, 0%. Chance of ice cream, 0%. So I took a screenshot of that and I brought it over to my Heidelberg friends and said, you have ice cream storms here? Well, it turned out that ice, EIS in German, it could be translated either hail or ice cream, and it's very common to use that in the ice cream context. So I sent that to my natural language friends and said, I think our machine learning algorithm needs a little tuning. I am worried, though, about the brittleness of some of these algorithms, the machine learning algorithms. And so I bring this up only to express to you how important it's going to be for the computer science community to be attentive to the brittle character of some of these things. A typical example of this would be image recognition. You could train a multilayer neural network to recognize images of animals, cats, dogs, kangaroos, things like that. And the problem is that after you get done doing all the training, it's possible to take an image and alter just a few pixels of a dog, for example, and have the system assert that it's a kangaroo. And when I'm going into the details of why that happens, it is a side effect of the way in which the training works that it can be quite sensitive to small changes in the images. The same kinds of small changes that might cause language translation to fail. So the thing we should be careful about is to be, let's say, a little skeptical about the machine learning and AI algorithms that people put forward with their spectacular results to keep in mind that they may not always be perfect and they may, in fact, be brittle in places where we at least expect. Anyone who reads the headlines knows that we have big problems with misinformation, disinformation. We look for ways of trying to detect that, to filter it out, or to at least warn people that they're seeing information which is invalid. The problem that we have is that it's not easy for a machine to figure out that something is disinformation or misinformation, particularly if we're using classical social networking means where people are voting and saying likes as they say in Facebook, we have the problem that it looks like the masses are saying, or the crowds, let us say, are saying this is the useful good information I'm liking and I'm pointing to it. Some of you will have heard of the Turing test. The original Turing test was a person interrogating a person and a machine computer. Not seeing either one, but simply exchanging messages and the task of this person was to figure out which is the machine and which is the person. If the interrogator fails to tell the difference, then the computer in that picture has passed the Turing test because it can't be told the difference between that machine and a human. I'm inventing on the spot here Turing test two. This is a computer interacting with another computer and a human being trying to figure out which is which. And if the computer that's doing the interrogating can't tell the difference, then it has failed during test two. And the problem that that raises is that bots, these are programs, machines that have been taken over by botnet herders and used to pretend to be people in social networking environments, for example. So the bots raise their hand and say they like this or they introduce content on the net. And if we can't tell the difference between a bot and a human being, then the crowdsourcing that the bots are involved in will mislead us into thinking something is legitimate when it isn't. I don't think technology is going to solve this problem entirely. And so I am a big fan of something called critical thinking. So when people are reading things on the net, I want them to ask where did this come from? Who put this up there? I think we're operating evidence for what's being presented. Is there some motivation that I should know about, about somebody putting this content up? I think young people should be taught critical thinking. I think old people like me should be taught critical thinking about everything we do. That's the scientific method. And that's what I think will help us deal with some of these problems. Again, yes, thank you. Let's do that. K through 12 can't start too early. So with regard to digital literacy, I think some of these issues to be worried about are exactly the sort of things that you should be conscious of, and we should be teaching our children to be conscious of as well. It's pretty clear by now that there's a lot of bad stuff that happens in the net. And it's the consequence of creating this big platform on top of which you can do almost anything you want to. It's a neutral platform, and it doesn't necessarily protect against the things that some people choose to do, whether it's generating and distributing malware or spam or committing fraud or bullying people, all these other bad things that people do. And I'm sorry, that's the human condition. That's what Shakespeare teaches us. So we have to cope with that, just as we have other bad behaviors in other contexts. One way to do that is what I'm calling now, traceability by design. And without going too deep into this, I would like it to be the case that while people should be able to appear to be anonymous to most of the general public, it should be possible to find out who somebody is in the event that they're doing something harmful. And this is not too different than the license plates on your cars. For the most part, we don't know who is attached to the license plate, but we empower certain parties, the police department, the department of motor vehicles, to make the connection between the license plate and the person who owns the car under the condition that there is a traffic violation or an accident or other kind of misbehavior. So this idea of sort of differential traceability, I think, is worthy of thinking about in the internet context. With regard to malware and buggy software, I am embarrassed to tell you that I used to make my living writing software. And I found that it was almost impossible to write software that didn't have bugs. It's embarrassing to think that for 80 years we've been writing software for various machines, not me personally, but the profession. And although that would be kind of a cool claim to make, wouldn't it? I remember the... So the problem is that we haven't figured out how to avoid the bugs. So that means that not only do we have to find a way to fix the bugs, but if we buy equipment, IOT devices, Internet of Things, the company that sells them should feel a moral and ethical obligation to support the software and fix the bugs for the lifetime of the equipment. And if they don't do that, it feels like they're violating our trust and confidence. So I think we have to build an ethic around a lot of this stuff, especially if the mistakes that the software induces could be fatal in some cases, like in the self-driving car, or could be just damn annoying like your kitchen burns up because the oven is misbehaving. So I think we need to imbue our companies with a sense of responsibility there. And that is, of course, the whole point about ethics. So I'm going to... I still have some time, I think. So I want to switch gears now to tell you about a project that was started in 1998 at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and is now expanded not only to include other of the NASA laboratories, but also the other space-faring nations in Europe and Japan and elsewhere. So we started out convening just after the Pathfinder had landed on Mars. We were pretty excited about that. It was 1997. There was a little rover that was able to move around after it got off of the landing platform. And it was the first successful mission to Mars in some 20 years because the previous successful mission was the Viking mission, which landed two landers in 1976. And then there were a whole series of failures, U.S., Russian, and others, that trying to get to Mars was really hard. So we got all excited about the fact that we finally landed something on Mars after that 20-year hiatus. But we realized at that time that the mechanism for communicating, for both commanding and getting data back from the Mars rover, was a point-to-point radio link. And in fact, the equipment that's right here in Canberra had a very critical role to play in that because the Deep Space Net was that link. Each of the three nodes here in Canberra, in Goldstone, California, and Madrid, Spain were our link to Deep Space. But we thought, what would happen if we could build an Internet in space to link the planets together, to link the spacecraft together to support both manned and robotic space exploration? So that was the beginning of our conversation. We were motivated originally by the Sojourner Pathfinder mission in 97. We began detailed work on the design, and we started out thinking, you know, TCPIP works okay on Earth. Maybe it would work okay on Mars. And so we began thinking, maybe it would be a trivial thing to make the extension. We discovered very quickly that that was wrong, and there are two reasons for that. The first one is that the speed of light is too slow. The distance between Earth and Mars is 35 million miles when we're closest together in our respective orbits. It's 235 million miles when we're farthest apart. It takes between three and a half minutes and 20 minutes one way to transmit a signal between the two planets, and of course takes the comparable amount of time to come back. The TCP protocols used a very simple flow control scheme. When the receiving device says I'm out of room, it sends a signal to the other guy saying, don't send any more, I'm out of room. Well, if it's a few hundred milliseconds before the other party hears that, which is the case in the Earth-bound internet, it works fine. But if it's going to be 20 minutes before the other guy hears you say, stop, they're going to send stuff at you full blast and it'll fall on the floor and the packets will all blow away. So we said, that's a problem. And then we ran into the other problem. Well, the planets are rotating, and we don't know how to stop that. So if you're talking to something on the surface of the planet and the planet rotates, eventually you can't talk to it until it comes back around again. We have the same problem with the orbiters. So we said, okay, look, we have a variably delayed and disruptive system. So we have to design a protocol suite that takes that into account. Indeed, we've done that. And by 2004, we had a prototype new set of protocols for interplanetary communication. Then Spirit and Opportunity landed on Mars in January 2004. And originally we're planned to be there for 90 days in operation. It is 14 years later. One of them ain't working anymore, but the other one is still there. So they have a very long life. We ran into a problem. They were going to transmit data from the surface of Mars directly back to Earth to the deep space net. It was going to go with a blazing speed of 28.5 kilobits a second. And scientists like Professor Schmidt were not very happy about those numbers, and then the radios overheated. And the engineers said, well, we're going to have to back off on the duty cycle here to keep the radios from harming themselves or the other equipment. Now the scientists are even more upset. And then one of the JPL guys says, well, wait a minute, there's an X-band radio on the rovers. There are X-band radios on the orbiters that we sent earlier to map the surface of Mars to figure out where the rovers should go. But they finished that job, so we reprogrammed the rovers and the orbiters to form a packet switch store and forward network using the prototype interplanetary protocols. So since 2004, all the data that's come back from Mars is using the prototype interplanetary system. When Curiosity landed on Mars, it was equipped with the store and forward interplanetary protocols as well. So again, I don't have time to go through all the details. I've already mentioned a few of these things. Oh, there's one other interesting little factoid. Everybody here who uses the internet implicitly uses something called the domain name system. The way that works is that the URL, the domain name that you use, is looked up in the system and what comes back is an internet protocol address. And that's the thing that you actually open a TCP connection to. Now imagine for a moment, you're on Mars and you want to make reference to a domain name because you're going to use a URL to look up something on the web. So you send the packet to Earth and it takes 20 minutes to get there and the lookup happens and then 20 minutes later an answer comes back. Now the problem is what if the answer is referring to a mobile device which has moved in that 20 minute or 40 minute period, you got the wrong answer. So we realized that we were going to have to do something different. That's why the DTN, delay and disruption tolerant networking protocols have very different features from the original ARPANET design. Some of them involve delay name resolution which just means if you're sending something to another planet, figure out which planet you're going to first. Get there and then find out where the device is that you're trying to get to rather than trying to package that all together into one action and so on. So I mean, again, there is one other really interesting thing about network management. One of the favorite tools of network managers of the internet on planet Earth is something called Ping. It's just send a packet to the other guy saying send me something back so I know you're there. Well, so if you get something back in a few hundred milliseconds you can kind of rely on the fact that whoever it was you were talking to is probably still there. But imagine a multi-hop delay and disruption tolerant networking thing where it's not exactly clear when anything is going to come back or even whether anything is going to come back. So Ping isn't your friend anymore because it's not a real-time environment. So we've had to redesign and rethink network management to take into account that the notion of the same time doesn't actually work because of the distances that are involved. And we have the other thing that we added to the interplanetary protocols is strong cryptographic authentication and encryption because I told the team the last thing I want is a headline that says 15-year-old takes over Mars net. I said, no, we don't want that. So I mentioned earlier that we put the prototypes up in 2004. We've been using this CCSDS file delivery protocol. CCSDS, by the way, is the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems. There is such a thing. It's part of the United Nations. All the space-faring nations are members of that. And that's where we go to standardize the interplanetary communications. And so they have now standardized the delay and disruption tolerant bundle protocol. It's available on GitHub, which is an open-source platform, which is just acquired by Microsoft. And so anyone who wants to use these protocols is free to do so. And we're hoping that the space-faring nations will take advantage of the fact that we've now tested these systems and made them available free of charge. So you've already seen some of these pictures. One of the other landers is the Phoenix lander. Is this thing actually working? Yeah. The Phoenix lander landed on the North Pole of Mars. And there wasn't any configuration that lets you get back to the deep space net from there. So we used the relay system again to communicate with it. So there had been a whole series of refinements and testing of the DTN protocols since the time that we started. One of the most interesting ones was to take the Epoxy spacecraft, which has visited two comments and they let us upload new software to it so we could test the DTN protocols from 81 light seconds away just to confirm that it would work properly in a space environment. We've been using the International Space Station to test these protocols as well. And one of the more interesting cases was a real-time case. Remember now, we designed this to handle these really long delays. But if you're close enough, then the protocols work very well in an interactive mode. So we had a small rover in Heidelberg being controlled in real-time by one of the astronauts on the International Space Station. So he was steering the thing around. That doesn't work for the rovers on Mars when you're on Earth. Because of the round-trip time delay, the rover goes over the cliff. 20 minutes later, you find out your $6 million spacecraft has gone away. Not a good idea. So we have done those tests. By the way, we've done those with the European Space Agency. And so this again is a very international activity. We've done one other thing which really excited us. We tested the protocols with optical laser communication. So we're up in the 600 megabit per second range as opposed to, remember, the 28 and a half kilobits a second in one of the earlier efforts with Mars. This was a test just to the moon and back. But it showed that the protocols are capable of operating successfully over this really big span of data rates and distances. There's been continued work with the Japanese, JAXA and with NASA on testing different implementations of the same protocol suite. Again, very important. We're standardizing these protocols in the Internet Engineering Task Force for commercial applications if anybody's interested in using that. So at this stage of the game, oh, we have another project that's really fun. 2008 to 2011 and now again in 2018, Lulia University in Sweden is using the protocols to monitor reindeer that are being wandering around by the Sami tribes or being managed by the Sami tribes in the northern part of Sweden. So we have reindeer outfitted with these radio transceivers and because they kind of wander around at random, the delay and disruption tolerance of the protocols makes it possible to move data around very comfortably even when the connectivity is missing. It just holds on to the data until a connection comes up and then you transmit the data from there. We even have a version that's available on Android for mobile phones if anybody's interested in that. Most recently, NASA commissioned a 90-day study to plan the full deployment of these protocols on all the new spacecraft that are coming out in the 2020s period and we've made that available to everyone who is interested. One thing I will say is that, by the way, this is the next of the last slide for anybody who's keeping track. What we're hoping is not to just build this giant interplanetary backbone and then hope somebody will show up. Not the plan. The idea is to make the protocols available for all the scientific missions that are being launched and when those spacecraft have completed their primary mission, they can be repurposed to be nodes of an interplanetary backbone and so you can kind of imagine over a period of decades that you could grow an interplanetary network to support both manned and robotic space exploration. So that's our current plan for the remainder of the 21st century. Not the end of the story, however. There's one more part. Many of us would like very much to get a spacecraft on its way to Alpha Centauri. That's about 4.3 light-years away. And in order to do this in 100 years' time, we're going to have to build propulsion systems that can get us up to something like 20% speed of light. And oh, by the way, we have to also slow down before we get there. Otherwise, we'll get one picture of kind of an expensive photo. So propulsion may turn out to be suitable ion engines of significant amounts of thrust are being built. There was a, Brian, you probably know about this, there was a report of a very peculiar microwave engine that was a closed device, conical in shape. And the claim was that by firing microwaves inside this enclosed box, it somehow would move, which makes you kind of wonder about basic physics. Recently, everybody was all excited about this, but recently further testing has suggested that it doesn't actually work. So it may be that the ion engines are our best choice. There are two other problems associated with going to Alpha Centauri. One of them has to do with navigation, because at some point in such a mission, you will almost certainly need to tell the spacecraft to change its course to make a course correction. It's very typical that we do this in interplanetary missions, where part of way through we'll send a signal telling it to fire the rocket for a certain amount of time in a certain direction in order to course correct. But imagine that you have a spacecraft that's a light year away. So it takes a year to send it a signal and then it takes a year to find out what happened. So it's not very interactive. We're going to have to make this system autonomously, navigate autonomously. There is a recent report that pulsars in our galaxy may turn out to be adequately regular, that we could use them like a galactic GPS. So we're redefining GPS as galactic instead of geo. And the pulsars may actually allow the spacecraft to navigate successfully, because those pulsars over a course of 100 years are not going to move very far from their position. And so it may be adequate to do the navigation. So the other problem we have to deal with is communication. The question is how do we generate a signal that can be detected from four light years away? And so that's my problem. And one thing that I'm attracted to is the possibility of using a pulse laser where you take maybe 100 watts of power and you compress the signal down into the minus 15 seconds, typical femtosecond laser, which should give you a fairly big spike. However, even with a collimated laser, the beam is going to spread over four light years. So now we have a very attenuated signal coming back to the solar system. So one possible solution to this problem is to put up synthetic aperture receivers in the interplanetary backbone, now you know why I need the interplanetary backbone, to reintegrate the signal coming from Alpha Centauri. That's one possibility, but there's another one. And that's the possibility of using the sun's gravitational field to take the signal and focus it to a focal plane, which is about 55 astronomical, 550 astronomical units away, is the focal plane of the sun. So all we have to do is to send the spacecraft about 55 billion miles away to the focal point of the sun and have it oriented in the right place so that we can pick up the signal from the Alpha Centauri probe. Now, we've never sent anything that far away from Earth, but today the guys at the Deep Space Net at the Canberra location said that they're still communicating with Voyagers 1 and 2, which are about 13 billion miles away. So, and that's taken about 34 some odd years to get there. So we may actually be able to send a spacecraft to 550 AU away in a lot less than 100 years in order to test some of these ideas. So that's the up-to-the-date on the Idris Stellar communication system, which I won't be around to see, but it's so damn much fun just being at the front end of this trying to figure out your way through it. So I'll finish there. I thank you very much for your attention, and I'm happy to engage in some discussion. Thank you.


why there's no reason why you should be this hot that's really dirty safety first oh no it's coming up i gotta do it i'm trying to explain what i use i'm gonna be like hello guys i use a 27 mag i guess i can use that voice i sound pretty good all right i'm gonna use a 27 mag here we go eight round liner yes 14 round liner i'm 15 mag i'm probably not gonna use it depending on it i'm hitting targets they're missing if your opinion matters to me i'll send you a snippet so when it drops you're gonna be like yeah i knew that he'd kill it they never knew that it'd be in the third degree hottest heat burn your feet if you step to me take an out for free bad defeat victory is not a feat take a seat they gon see what i say is what i mean i practice looking back reminds me looking up is all that i got they're living in a shell but i'm calling my shots bare hand is all i need to leave them shocked locked away inside of a room writing what's the plot back off understand i never needed your belief people that i love are showing love to me that's the key pulling back and forth positive and negativity the world is pretty dark i'm here to make a change so i gotta set aside a disguise disguise so they never see me pass by pass by hiding under all the dark skies dark skies till it's my time it's been a year fully healed this is what it was and this is what it is does that make sense does that make sense we're gonna try and finish today so we'll see what happens i'm trying to stick with things that mean the world to me keeping everything in order is a clustered symphony conducting what i can with people that have chose to sit with me and anything that thinks that it can string me on can take a seat yeah that's the way my life has been going you catch him when i'm throwing down i'm trying to live in the moment i might admit i found the truth and i'm just trying to hold it the minute that it's stripped from me is the second i'm hopeless listen cuz i've been doing my thing these people hating on me they got a full head of steam it's evident my self-esteem is something carried with me because i ain't trying to roll with people down well then you gotta go i got a lot of goals to hit and plan to hit some more i'm moving pretty quick so keeping up with me's a chore this ain't a race but if all right so i'm gonna be answering a couple questions uh i saw a couple comments that were asking how i do my cover ups and the way they healed or things like that so i'm just gonna pick and choose a couple uh this one was from uh i don't know how to pronounce it i'm sorry when you put a light ink like white or gray on a black tattoo the black ink returns to appear after recovery this problem happens to me a lot does this happen to you too or what is the solution so you never use white to cover up an old tattoo because white ink is such a weak ink that the black is going to take over automatically this is going to take a little over a week to for the black to reappear always use a lot of grace true grace don't don't mix it with water none of that just true grace so always use grace and avoid using white to cover up that old tattoo if you're gonna use white just use it for like white highlights but don't use it as your main ink to cover it up so this question comes from braulio navarro he said what type of brand ink do you use to mix your inks and do you use a specific ratio i like using solid ink for my black ink and for my white ink i like using star bright star bright is really thick so that's why i like it and the way i mix my inks is um it's it takes practice it really takes practice because i i don't have a specific setup for my inks i just see what i'm what i'm doing and i automatically know how much black to mix it with or how much white so it changes depending on what i'm covering up um so this next question comes from uh noah braul bro there how well do these cover ups hold up over time really in need of getting my stomach covered and don't want to do laser so i do get this question a lot um if a cover up is well done from that beginning the old tattoo will never reappear it's gonna stay solid no matter what because they use true grays and they use solid solid black ink but if it's not a well done tattoo best believe you're going to be able to see that piece in a matter of weeks but you feel free to go check out my video i posted uh all my heal work my heal cover ups after from six months to three years so you can see how well they hold up but if obviously if you are at a state make sure that you do your research on a good artist because cover ups are really complicated so just make sure that you choose the right artist so if you guys have any more questions feel free to drop them on the comments i'll answer them the next video uh thank you guys for watching and i'll see you guys next week


The daughter of jailed Kremlin critic Alexei Navalny said that attempts by the Russian government to silence critics like her father would not work and voiced concerns about the fast downfall of democracy in the country. Daria Navalnyar made an unusual public appearance at a virtual human rights summit, where she accepted a moral courage award on behalf of her father, who is seven, a two and a half year old jail term. Navalny, one of President Vladimir Putin's top critics says the charges against him were trumped up toward his opposition to the Kremlin. I'm not gonna lie, but as fun as it is to give this speech, it's sad that I'm accepting this award today. You really should be looking at my father instead, but he's in a Russian prison right now simply because of what he says, does and believes in and because he didn't die when the Russian government wanted him to. Honor for my father and everyone who supports what he's doing. It's an important sign of recognition and it means that the world cares. I say it both as a proud daughter and as a Russian citizen concerned about the fast downfall of democracy in my letter, my dad asked me today to give this award to every single political prisoner in Russia and Belarus. He wrote most of them are in a much worse situation compared to me because they're not as well known or famous, but they should know that they're not alone or forgotten about. We must remember those fighting for our freedom and we must help and support them and their families. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


It's something I'm always curious about in terms of marketing and how companies attack the market. And so pre-college, you guys are on Kickstarter, Instagram is kind of not really, it's kind of a thing, but not, not, not like it is today, right? And so as you guys think about marketing in today's digital world, specifically on like Instagram, what is the strategy there? I know your Instagram is beautiful. People listening, please go check it out. Super well done. It makes sense. I think it fits with what you're selling, but it's also very, it's clearly thoughtful at least when I look at it. And so as you guys think about marketing today, is it a lot of influencers like what is it? What is it that you guys are marketing to? Is it Facebook ads to photographers? Is it different Facebook groups? What is working? Yeah. So it's, it's, it's a blend of all three, as I'm sure a lot of other companies on this podcast talk about as well. First off, Daniel and Rachel are awesome over at mango street.  It's a, it's a very small community. So we do a couple of things. Since we're bootstrapped, everything always has to perform. So from day one, even back in 2015, before influencer marketing was even really a term, we were still reaching out to people on Instagram, just, you know, gifting bags, which is an initiative we still do to this day. We prefer to look at a lot of the creators we work with as kind of friends of the brand. Whether that's helping on a call with them or just kind of giving them a bit more creative control, like we'll send them over kind of guides and things like that, but never to, whenever too strict on what they can or cannot post. And then just from there, we work with a lot of contractors and such to keep our Instagram and Facebook ads humming along. So a lot of which are actually past customers, which is really cool.


Good morning everyone. Welcome to this class on the Feast of Supernatural Ministry. It's day and getting to our session for today. I just pray, Heavenly Father, we thank you for this time that you have given us and Father we pray that Lord you will give us the understanding we need O God to really walk in the things that you're calling us to walk in. Father we ask for your blessing upon this class O God. And Father we give you all the glory and honour in Jesus' name we pray. Amen. So in the last class we talked about the fact that we have an invitation from Jesus to walk in the supernatural. We have seen how he asked for his disciples to go and demonstrate the kingdom of God by healing people, by setting them free, by cleansing lepers. He also sent 70 others and then there is the great commission in which each one of us have been commissioned to go and do the mighty works of God. We saw how they noticed a man who is unnamed in the Bible who was doing these supernatural works but Jesus never stopped that person and he told the disciples also not to stop that person because everyone who was demonstrating the kingdom of God from what Jesus said is that they were serving God and so we must not stop those who are serving God. We later on went ahead with the subject on sonship glory and we understood that Jesus walked on this earth in the glory that God gave him which is the sonship glory and we also saw passages where Jesus prayed and asked the Father to give us that sonship glory. So today every believer has the privilege of walking in the same sonship glory that Jesus had and we clarified it. It's not that we are trying to compete with Jesus. He is deity of course. He is God and he had a different glory up in heaven but when he walked the earth he was able to do it in a powerful manner because of the sonship glory which each believer carries and there was also another question from us where we asked if glory only means the sonship glory is only about the supernatural and I shared that yes huge part of the glory that we are talking about the sonship glory is the supernatural because in John chapter 2 when the miracle took place John wrote and said Jesus manifested his glory. So what does it mean? It means that the supernatural is included in that glory and we could even say that the glory has to do greatly with the supernatural because nowhere else there is this description regarding the glory of Jesus until the moment when the supernatural was manifested. So our understanding is that God wants us also to demonstrate the sonship glory which means he wants us to demonstrate the supernatural in and through our lives and we looked at the empowering of the Holy Spirit. When God calls us to do something we are empowered and we are equipped to do it. That's why God is even asking us to do those things so we have the anointing of the Holy Spirit the same Holy Spirit who who did the miracles in the ministry of Jesus is with us and so we can expect the same power in our lives and we also briefly talked about the authority which has been given to us. Now having the power of the Holy Spirit is one matter and also carrying authority. We said exusia right God gives us the authority and he says now you will go and you will do greater works than what Jesus himself has done so as believers we are carrying both the power of the Holy Spirit as well as the authority that God has given us to walk in the supernatural realm so believers can demonstrate the same power of God as the Lord Jesus did 2000 years ago and we can manifest the glory of God the glory of God will reveal the grace, the truth and the power of God in and through our lives. So now we finally come to the keys that we need to discuss about our course. There are a total of 8 keys that we will discuss one by one. I will read out the list first to all of us. First would be the understanding of the realm of the Spirit so that is the first key. The second one is faith the third one is the power of the word fourth one the renewed mind fifth one is the anointing of the Spirit sixth is God's presence and glory seventh is proclamation and action. Eighth is persistence so these are the keys that we would need to understand and begin to function in so we will go one by one so that we can have some in depth hold on these subjects. So the first one is understanding the realm of the Spirit so all of us as believers recognize that we live in this natural world but there is a spiritual realm as well. So there is a spiritual reality not just as believers I think there are so many people out there who have not yet accepted Christ but somewhere they may have experienced this spirit realm or people who are part of the occult who do experience the existence of beings or the power that comes from another realm even they would tell you that yeah it's true that is the natural realm but there is another realm which is the spirit realm for us as believers we admit the existence of the spirit realm but we have to go one step ahead accepting that there is a spiritual realm is but normal many of us say yeah God is there angels are there power of God is there you know and when we pray things happen so we only go that far but to say that from the spiritual or from the natural realm there are things that we can engage in which will affect the spirit realm and in turn that spirit realm will affect us. So that understanding many of us may not have now many of us may even have that understanding that yes there is this whole connection and things affect us from the spirit realm but we as believers may not admit that it is possible that the spiritual realm overrides the natural realm or in other words the spiritual realm can have an impact or a bearing on the natural realm in a powerful way now that is something that we may not admit or we may not have thought about it or we may not even be concerned about the importance of that like the spirit reality overriding or the spiritual reality impacting the natural reality. So I will explain myself as we go further now when things happen in the natural if we just go with whatever is happening and we don't really depend on the word of God or the presence of the Holy Spirit we are not showing that we accept that the spiritual realm can actually influence us because we are like every other person who is just going about life normally but as a believer when I know that certain things that I do say or believe can cause the impact of the spiritual realm on my life then I am really engaging in what exists and what God has made available. So that is the most important thing for us as believers to recognize the spiritual realm and to take up the position that we should in order for the spiritual realm to override the natural realm causing a change or an impact so things like let's say prayer we may look at our city, we may look at our nation and we can list out the many things that are not correct or crimes or injustice and we can just say that that's how things are, yeah there is a God and there God is a God of justice but yeah these things are going on and we can resign to that but if as a believer I understand that the spiritual realm can actually override the natural reality yes many things are wrong but when I am a believer I can pray so when I pray what happens the supernatural starts to affect the natural that's what the bible says we can pray for our city, we can pray for our leaders, we can pray against the crime that is taking place or the things that are going wrong so as believers engaging the spirit realm to see a change or an impact is what is required so for me one key to flow in the supernatural is to in every circumstance to recognize what's happening in the natural is there a connection to what is happening now to the spirit realm if there is is there anything I can do to engage and see the power of that upon the natural realm so when I practice that then each time I can see the spiritual or the supernatural overriding the natural or let's say for example you know somebody sick so we can pray we can minister healing what is that the supernatural is overriding the natural or let's say you know there is like a problematic situation in someone's home it may have to do with some sort of demonic influence so when I recognize that I have a sense that what I'm seeing is not just what exists there is more to it so in the spirit realm what is the connection right so you're being sensitive to the existence of the spirit realm and so then what do we do okay I sense that there is a demonic influence then we take charge of that we go against it in the name of Jesus and we see the natural reality change there is a change in that particular circumstance so this is what is important for a believer who wants to flow in the supernatural don't just admit that there is a spirit realm because that is only step one and that step one so many people do even unbelievers do that doesn't help much but to admit that there is a spirit realm and to understand how to engage the spirit realm to affect the natural realm not just affect override the natural realm that was the life of Jesus isn't it so Jesus always walked with the understanding or the reality of the spirit realm and he was ready to minister because he just knew how to engage the spirit realm and the natural realm so in a way we can use the term amphibious when we talk about some organisms creatures they live in the water and they also live on the land like frogs so they are amphibians we call them but as believers we must be in the world but not off the world we must be so in tune with the natural realities but at the same time be very sensitive to the spiritual realities because it's not like everything that's going on in the natural is independent it's just happening on its own there are many things that are connected to the spiritual realm so though we are living a natural life to have the awareness of the spiritual realm is very important and you know we could talk about so many examples of this but I'll just move on the life of Jesus itself is a great example of how he lived on the earth but at the same time he was talking about the heavenly father you know the father he didn't do this or I heard the father so he's in tune it's something that we need to practice to be in the natural world but to also be very much part of the spiritual world and so when this happens the supernatural will become quite frequent so when we encounter a crisis maybe you know like let's take the time when Jesus found that people were hungry and they needed to be fed food it's a crisis what do we do now people are hungry and to find a solution anyway God decided that a miracle is the best solution for that moment and because he knew that there is a spiritual realm he was living in the awareness of the possibility of a miracle and the miracle happened so how did the crisis get solved not through a natural logical solution but through a supernatural solution so even in our own lives day to day we face circumstances and we are thinking what should I do you know bad news problem difficulty challenge what is the best solution we can even trust God for miracles and miracles take place if we are engaging but if we are just going about you know in the normal way and we say yeah this is let's just deal with it in the most natural way you know do a research and just find what are the three options that anyway exist we'll just work out any one of those three options but there can be a fourth option that comes from God maybe a word of wisdom you get in that moment this or speak to someone call so and so so when I am aware of the spiritual realm and I am aware that I can engage the spiritual realm walking in the supernatural becomes you know really very common to each of us so just pray and trust God so I am reminded of one example of last week I think some of us here we were going looking for a place we needed a place right for us here and that afternoon just before we went I was praying I was like okay God we are going to go and we are looking for this place so like what should we do it shouldn't be like we go and we waste hours of time and we don't find anything and I was just having a quick lunch before going and it just came that thing came to my spirit like you know God is able to lead you to just that right place so that you don't even have to look because he knows which one you are going to choose at the end anyhow right so he can just take you to that place why do you even want to go look around I thought yeah interesting thought you know but somewhere in my heart before I started the car I said yes Lord you can do it I am saying amen to it you can do it and I think some of us also went right so we went we did look around a little bit but then somehow we kind of zeroed in on a particular place and things just worked out you know we didn't even the whole exercise didn't take like four hours that I had put down okay four minimum four hours we have to go around but I don't know I mean there have been times that we went looking for something and it took days and months I'm still looking for some places for other projects but the point I'm making is I realized these are everyday matters okay but we can be in tune with the father and say okay God what are you saying what should we do what am I sensing right and that day when we actually kind of went into that place I you know you can feel that connect of what you were sensing and what God is doing and I was really no yes God you can do it you can take us to just one place and make it happen why not that's a possibility it may not be logical logic says you have to spend whatever X number of days and figure out and but in the supernatural it can happen in moments it can happen in you know an hour so to be aware of the supernatural that is step one but to really be sensitive and know how to engage the supernatural to bring that into the natural reality that is a key for us to walk in the supernatural so as we talk about the existence of these two realms what are some things that we must understand one thing is we must understand the greatness of God and have this strong belief that with God nothing shall be impossible otherwise we are limited to the solutions that the book offers us we are only limited yeah I'll just come to you so we are only limited maybe you can take the mic in the meantime we are only limited to the solutions that you know the natural mind can offer but when we know that God is so great it opens us up to a greater possibility right so yeah knowing the greatness of God will help us to like you know walk effectively between these two realms okay Anand something you want to ask just sorry to disturb you when we are talking about the spiritual limb to natural so is there any key to how to be more sensitive for the Holy Spirit okay how to be more sensitive to the Holy Spirit the way we improve our listening is by listening more isn't it that's the only way so guess God is talking but every day I need to ask the question like what is God saying not just when I'm reading the Bible you know like when I'm driving or I'm just at my job or even like when I'm speaking to you all I'm thinking what is a new thing that I'm learning even as I'm speaking to you what is God saying what is God showing so that is a posture of hearing Anand okay so when you're in that posture of hearing what happens is you hear and you're trying to focus you're trying to hear from God all the time it just improves and improves and improves okay so to be in that posture is the starting point and then there are so many other things that we can talk about something like even praying in tongues okay it stirs up you can stir yourself up when you pray in tongues pray in the spirit and I mean I don't know which scripture and verse to give to you but I have practiced it and I have also heard others share the same thing with me saying you know you pray more in the spirit and there are times when I prayed more in the spirit that even let's say Sunday service and ministering or something I just get words of knowledge I just get like pictures it just comes so much faster so yeah most of the times I heard from you and pastor jakes was like saying like when we are walking when we are when we are doing anything also we can hear from God so mostly if you ask me my personal experience if I'm doing worship or if I'm praying so I can hear and I can sense in my heart like if he want to say something and when you guys are you and pastor jakes was telling like when we are driving car we used to feel that when you are speaking we used to feel that I mean I was thinking is there any level for sensitiveness like being more sensitive to Holy Spirit like yeah see it's like the way I look at it is like you know like live by faith the just shall live by faith so live by faith means day to day then you know through the day through the night so when we are living like that it's like you're living with God in faith the way Abraham did so it's just a journey you should actually never cut off you should never cut off and it's not even a matter of sensitivity it's a matter of relationship you know because we need that relationship with God to really live our life so how can I tune out even if I don't have sensitivity to hear something I should I'll strain myself to hear I don't know if I answered your question but don't tune out that's my point at the same time they will be like even it can be our own part but how can we be assure that it's God who was actually speaking to us it's what Holy Spirit is speaking to us what can be the assurance that we can take when we hear from God by hearing okay each time when you are trying to hear from God it just gets better and better and better and in Hebrews chapter 5 you know it says I think Hebrews 514 it says that we exercise our senses by way of exercise of our senses we become more mature or capable to discern learning comes by practice so when my spirit hearing sense I am practicing it every day I am practicing it practicing it practicing it I just get quicker at knowing yeah this is God this is not God but for that I need to practice no yeah so what happens is we somewhere think that okay we should hear from God when I need to find the right career or I am going to marry someone then only God speak to me speak to me God is speaking all the time so if I have familiarized myself day to day then exercise my senses then it becomes so much easier for me to pick up even the big things right and of course the word of God is another important thing 1 John 5 7 it says like the word and the spirit agree so when I am trying to become sensitive to the voice of the Holy Spirit I cannot eliminate the word because the word is very much in agreement with what the spirit is doing and saying right so the more I read the word I am improving my chances of confirming what the father is saying so the word and listening to the spirit tuning into the spirit these are the two things yeah so I was just saying that the awareness of God's greatness is very important because then what happens we will know that we will ask the question what can God do in the situation logical answers are there logical solutions are there but even then God what do you want to do is there something new that you want to do okay because God is great and God always works out of the box so maybe something amazing God can do in this circumstance and situation so engage the greatness of God and that really helps us to walk in the supernatural and we see the way God works and does things one of the important things to bear in mind is also that God works together with us we are coworkers with God so there are things that God may call us to do like you know Moses go part the Red Sea okay God you know you part it and God is saying no you part it you take the rod and you keep it in front then I'll part it so what God has done is he has chosen to co-work with us so as I'm saying yes God you're so great there's nothing impossible with you I'm living in that awareness there may be something that God may want me to do like okay go to that person say this or can you call this person or can you declare make a declaration of my word or can you lay your hands on someone so I'm co-working with God to see the impossible I can't just sit down and say I've God wants to do he will do he is great you know he's saying yeah I want to do but you also have to do something okay so that's the way God works he partners with us or we partner with him and co-work with him and then many things happen okay so we're talking about you know engaging the the spiritual realm first understanding is that God is great there is a possibility for the impossible to take place because there is a God and he can he can do something about the situation second is the understanding of the laws of the spiritual world so there are certain laws in the spiritual realm in the natural realm there are laws there's a law of gravity there is like whatever all your physics theories you can say heat conductivity light these are all the laws it works like that we have to use the laws to figure out how to make it work in the same way there is there are laws in the spirit realm so if I want to engage the spirit realm to overwrite the natural realm I need to understand what are these these dynamics what are these laws that operate in the spiritual realm one important thing that you know we must bear in mind when we talk about the spiritual laws is covenant so though we are here on the earth we are in a covenant with God or we have a promise from God which is unbreakable so when we admit the natural reality the spiritual reality is yeah but I also have a covenant God has a covenant with me so many things are applicable you know the blessings are applicable God's help is applicable so coming from the covenant right we know that God is a God who does not change and a God who does not change his covenant so that in itself is like you know a law that we understand in the spiritual realm how does God operate God operates on the basis of his covenant with us he is already covenanted with us you know I am the God who heals you I'm the God who provides for you I'm the God your peace I'm the God your righteousness so I go by that law this is what God said so this is what he will do he can't he can't change himself he's the immutable God so these laws exist how will God work there's some predictability what is that predictability based on his covenant God will operate on the basis of his covenant he won't operate outside of the covenant right so this kind of understanding of the spirit realm gives us great confidence in operating in the spiritual realm otherwise what happens we may say that oh what if I pray for this person and this person becomes even more sick and you know God afflicts them with more and more diseases because I went and prayed can it even happen it can never happen because the covenant of God is different so he cannot do something which is not covenanted with us so when I pray I can be confident that God will do only what he has said he will do now yes there could be many reasons for why the healing is not manifesting that's another story but the point is when we understand God and we understand the covenants of God that stays in the spirit realm that's who he is that's what he does he won't change it his glory he will not compromise so when I'm going to minister in the supernatural I can be very confident because definitely God will not fail me isn't it that we know he cannot huh that needs so much courage that's true but I think many other things in life need more courage than that because God is the most predictable isn't it I mean think about this we pick an airline we're up in the sky okay we trust them that they will keep us up in the sky I think God is much much more reliable even those things are somewhat tricky but God never goes back on this word so you know we can have confidence he will never change his covenant so when I pray I know I'm aware and I know that he will only operate you know based on this it'll work the same way so we should not worry that we will get some of the results that's the point you don't have to worry God won't change his covenant but I need to understand how he operates now that's another area where we have some gaps as people we're just trying to learn how does he really operate how does he really minister healing how does he really minister you know miracles or give wisdom in a situation so I have to grow in my understanding to observe how how does he do it yes he has a covenant but how does he operate okay and when we're getting deeper into that we become more familiar but again you know God is God so once he'll do it like this once he'll do it in another way and you'll be like I just when I was thinking I figured it out he's doing it so differently but he's God we have to be open to that but still there is something about the manner in which he works which we can be familiar with so in Psalm 103 and verse 7 I would someone like to read this verse please Psalm 103 verse 7 Psalm 103 verse 7 yes he made known his ways to Moses his deeds to the people of Israel so he know he made known his ways to Moses and his deeds to the people of Israel so look at this there is a difference the difference is the people of Israel knew God will come he will speak from out of a cloud God will you know God will provide food God will protect us so they knew about the deeds of God but Moses was way deeper in his relationship with God so for Moses it's not so much what did God do tell me what God did let's list it out it was more than that why is he doing that you know how is he doing that so his ways why is God protecting the people and you know why is God taking them to the promised land so there are all these deeper things that Moses was able to understand he was even able to understand how God might feel you know when the people were disobedient to God and they just had a heart of unbelief God is speaking so much to them he's telling them again and again he's showing his miracles but stiff neck people you know very hard heart and Moses was able to predict oh God's angry with these people okay let me go negotiate God please what will the others say if you punish them how does he know how does he understand God he knows the ways of God much more than God can do this God can do that yeah that anybody can tell but why what is his nature okay how does he respond in situations circumstances how does he operate how does he work so if you want to just make this simpler Moses went for God's heart to know the ways of God is to know God's heart what would he want to do now how would he want to show his glory or how would he want to minister to this person so then what happens it's so much easier to work in our relationship with God to co-work with God and partner with God okay so these are things that we must understand when we talk about the spirit realm and the natural realm understanding God who he is that he's above and beyond our natural realm and that he operates out of his covenant and you know the fact that you know God's ways are something that will help us know what he might want to do these are things that will really free us and give us the confidence to step out more into the supernatural realm now a few spiritual dynamics are also helpful for us to know like you could even put this as the laws that exist in the spirit realm so when you look at things like faith the power of faith there is a law in operation so if we move by faith you know if anyone has faith in his heart he can speak to this mountain and it will be uprooted it will be cast into the sea how is it happening because the person is engaging a certain spiritual law the law of faith it will work right so there are laws one we said is covenant but then there are all these laws also that we can work in so I can maybe I'm in a crisis situation but I apply faith okay and there is a solution there is an open door there is a breakthrough there is an answer how did it happen because yes my natural circumstance exists but I'm bringing in the supernatural through my faith I just had faith in God and I said God there's nothing impossible for you I know the situation looks really difficult but you know by faith I declare that you will lead me in triumph and quickly in Christ Jesus so I'm applying a spiritual law and God is able to work so sometimes you got to engage through that law you got it and that's when we see the answers or results or if we don't engage in any of these truths or laws and we just say yeah God is a good God he is a generous God he will do that's right but there are certain laws principles that I have to start engaging as a co-worker with God so if I don't do anything then there is no result but it's not God's fault it's just that I didn't understand that there are certain laws that I must work with so faith is a very very powerful law and you know we don't want to talk about this like a formula in our faith course we've already said that it is more about relationship it's not so much about take the law apply the law get the results and go home it's more than that but when we begin to operate in faith right like the question that Anand asked how do we hear from God even in faith we can grow day to day see the operation of faith in our own lives maybe even small little things like I'll just give you a really silly example parking I get very stressed about parking if I have to go somewhere I'll be like oh my goodness okay fine but do they have parking otherwise you have to go around to find that one parking spot right you're like full stressed out but nowadays what I do is I just pray I believe God I know you're laughing but it's so important for me I apply my faith it's silly parking okay Nina is saying no it's not silly yeah so like that you know parking or it could be anything else it's just my day to day I am applying this law I need to apply my faith okay or I mean there are so many examples that I can share but the practice of faith how is it even to reach college on time I'm like I do everything that I can to be here on time but then I do apply my faith I pray I say Lord I know I believe you'll take me there 10 minutes before because I have to connect this computer everything and I'm also seeing it that yeah God helps so small little things it it's actually a practice faith is like that muscle right which you're exercising for everything just start to operate start to operate start to exercise you may be exercising it for so-called mundane things but it's the same muscle that will help you for great things also in God so operation of faith operation of you know the word the spoken word the declaration we know the power of the word the Lord God created the heavens and the earth with the word okay so begin to operate in it okay fine this this is meant to work I have faith that this meant to work start to speak so I try to apply it like when I pray over my church I speak blessings in the name of Jesus you know I declare that you know God is opening door you know what testimonies come because we are making a declaration by faith I'm standing on the truth of God's word that the word works even to speak it over ourselves or over our families and say my home is blessed we need to put it into practice God has already taught us and he says you know the word is near you in your heart in your mouth just say it just speak it so engaging the spiritual realm by who God is and by the laws that he's given will start to release or manifest the supernatural in our lives and so when we are engaging we start to see hey it's working it happens because this is the truth it can't be anything else or praise and worship you know we see how there is fullness of joy in God's presence so what do we do we start to praise we start to worship and after a while we feel it isn't it in our spirit man in our bodies we sense it why because it's there in scripture these are the laws these are the principles so I'm engaging the spirit realm by using the truth of God's word the laws praise worship it brings in the peace the victory that we need or how about obedience the bible says if you obey you will see the blessings so you obey once you obey twice you surrender your will once twice and you see how God is being so favorable to you how great things are happening then you keep moving further then you obey more so in this way we have to understand what are these things that exist in God's word because it teaches to co-labor with him start to apply those things then what happens we go from beyond the natural God can actually come in and do something or prayer or we can even talk about things like you know sewing and reaping like financially or in any other way we sew into people's lives and then we see in our own lives we are blessed because these laws are meant to work and not just for believers I think even many of these things work for the unbeliever financially stewardship sewing so many things so they are able to utilize it because that's the way God has made it to operate okay so that's our first key to just understand that we are part of two realms and the supernatural realm can overwrite the natural realm and for this at least two main things that we need to understand that God is great and God can do the impossible so we can invite him in our situation and secondly to understand the laws that we must operate out of and I've listed out many things for us you know to know the ways of God and faith and power of declaration, praise and worship, sewing, obedience, righteousness these are all things that we can walk in and we will see the supernatural so I think we'll just stop here for now there are more aspects to talk about these two realms but we'll come back to it next week so I want to request someone to lead us in prayer anyone Jesus, Lord we thank you Father we thank you for your presence we thank you Lord for this time Lord of teaching thank you Lord for teaching us a lot Father about the spiritual world a lot Father Jesus thank you for teaching us the new things Lord we pray a lot Father that whatever you have taught us a lot Father help us to start living by applying it into our lives a lot Father help us a lot Father to not to take things very lightly but help us to understand a lot Father whatever we do a lot Father it's all connected a lot Father it's all interlinked and help us a lot Father not to forget your teachings but help us a lot to take them bind them in our hearts a lot Father and walk in your council Holy Spirit God we give you glory and honor in Jesus name we pray amen amen amen thank you thank you Prince thank you everyone God bless you have a good weekend and we'll meet again next week


I'm Emeline Pat Dahlstrom. I'm originally from the Philippines and the US. And I'm Eric Dahlstrom from the US. And unfortunately Rich Bodo, who is in Prague right now, can't be with us. We're the three team from Spacebase and we're from Cohort One. So we're essentially space and software geeks turned social entrepreneurs. And our moonshot is to democratize access to space for everyone. And we actually, we think that we can do this by catalyzing entrepreneurial space ecosystems around the world starting in New Zealand. If you believe that the future of humanity is tied or linked to planetary stewardship and that it's also linked to outward migration of humanity into the interspace, we do not want to leave anybody behind. So to us, and I think to you for your project, space is important. This is the view from yesterday from showing the clear skies over clearing over New Zealand. But space is vital for monitoring the globe for the entire Earth's environment. And most of what we learn about climate change comes from space monitoring. But it also can monitor things as small as I checked to see whether which tents were blowing down earlier. And so even at the smallest scale, space can provide information. And we believe that in the next decades with access to space resources that we really have an opportunity to expand out beyond into the solar system and use and develop clean energy there. Space is easier in these days.  But and frequent launches like one remarkable thing about this satellite, these satellites, they were built only seven weeks ago in Australia and they're sitting on the launch pad right now waiting for a launch four o'clock on Sunday. And with Rocket Lab from the Mahia Peninsula. And so this normally takes two years, but in New Zealand it's taken eight weeks. And so this is never happened around the world and it's a credit not only to Rocket Lab but also the New Zealand government to the New Zealand space agency. So we're interested in supporting projects around the world. We're starting in New Zealand. New Zealand's capabilities for technology and entrepreneurship have been increasing. And the and but we've been seeing the opportunities in space the the barriers to the space opportunities decreasing. And so that's our where we ourselves is trying to make this connection to help New Zealanders get involved with space projects. We'll do everything we can. So we think that the bridge is really capacity building and you can do that through education, entrepreneurship, collaboration and hopefully a marketplace so that you can create that industry that new economy for New Zealand. So we've been here in New Zealand for about a year. So time to own up. And so what have we been doing since then. So for the first six months of work here with our really great partners from Christchurch NZ, we ran the very first New Zealand space challenge and we leveraged space technology looking at extreme environments as an analogue for space. And this is really to catalyze space ideas, entrepreneurship and potentially startups. With this we had about 35 different organizations and economic development organizations. So universities all over New Zealand participate. We gave a price equivalent to about $110,000 both in cash and in kind. And now the winner is actually using his technology and potentially looking at if it actually works now in Antarctica this this season. So what else have we done? We are also working on a collaboration platform. We're almost finished with our phase one which includes the new space directory. We found about 165 plus organizations and companies that are already working in space. Most people would say, well, it's only Rocket Lab, but actually that's not true. There's also a calendar and so forth. And so the next phase to this is that we've hired local base dev team X equals to work on the second phase of the platform, which is a token based project based funding platform. And the long term goal to this is we want to open source this also give it to other countries who would want to create new space economy in industries and hopefully connect them all together. The other thing that we've done is that we we've been working on community. So we've created meetup groups, especially in Wellington. We've also have a an online platform, a social media platform that is now pretty active. And then we've also catalyzed some other space organizations within New Zealand. Yeah, and we have it does seem to be working. We have a handful of New Zealand space entrepreneurs that have been created that are we have one that's looking at producing solar power on the moon out of lunar material. He's at a lunar conference today. And so we have we just want to encourage people to think of opportunities for this to get involved with space projects. And we're also building a future marketplace. And we all everybody needs blockchain apparently. So we are getting blockchain and and so but our our third our rich over in California is actually built working blockchain systems for three years for World Food Program, things like that. And so this will allow people to it's like a kayak for space services, but also allows people to raise money without selling parts of the company. So that's a big problem in space, of course. And so we're at the very beginning. We're we're we have a long way to go and we do need help. And so we do need connections and networking to reach more people for the opportunities for space. We do need funding for the next phase of the development of the platform. And then also we need collaborators for the next challenge that also we're working on, which is now focused on basically sustainable agriculture.