My shop is pretty much just around the corner from where we live, but I usually take the picket because I'm usually lazy, right? And I'm always breaching everybody.  It's just better for me if I walk. It's not too far. But while the weather is still nice, I figure why not. It takes a lot longer than driving, obviously. It's like a two-minute drive. But trying to practice what I breach here. Getting more active. I've been growing in the wrong direction. I need to put that through a stop, bring it to an end. I haven't done that before, but I'm going to do that a lot more often. It's really not that far of a walk. I've just gotten so used to, you know, this is North America. This is Canada. We drive everywhere. I got to learn to walk. So that felt really good. So I'm here now to do a little bit of work on the truck. One of my marker lights on the top of my cab, the front row. One of them has a loose connection. It's working right now, but last time I parked it in my shop, it was out.  PBX did a great job fixing most of the little things that needed to be fixed recently. I also need to wash this thing still. Told you I was going to do that the other day, didn't I? I didn't lie. I promised because I was intending on actually washing the truck. My intentions were pure, but that light up there, I'll show you in a minute. These are my new mirrors that got installed. Where are my keys? Just got to wake her up for you. Hey, old blue. Old blue, I got some friends here for you.  There you go. Okay, so my mirror lights, those are new now. Incandescent bulbs though. Those need to be switched to LEDs. My bad. My bad. We got this side here as well, working beautifully.  I have a new starter under the hood. I'll show you in a second here. If you guys don't mind, it's kind of a heavy hood. Would you give me a hand? Just put your hand right up here, just like this. I'm going to put our foot down here. Okay? Everybody pull. Pull harder, guys. Come on. Okay, there we go. Oh, thank God, you guys are so strong. Okay. Just stand up for him. Thanks for your help. I appreciate that. So we need to get up there. That left center one, I guess it'd be the right center, passenger side center, has a loose connection and needs to be looked at. The starters on these Cummins is in here, right down there. Let me grab my flashlight for you so we can all see what I'm talking about. Phones, right? What can they not do? They can predict the future inaccurately through weather forecasts. They can calculate things. You know, my teacher in school always said, you won't always have a calculator with you. You got to learn how to do it in your head. They were wrong.  They were wrong. This fly wants to die. Extreme situations. The flies are really bad in here and I got really tired of it, so I've got an electric flash water. You want to see this thing? Side track, rabbit trail. Come with me. This thing's pretty cool. Let's turn this flashlight off here for a second. Phones have everything. Access to a world of knowledge. All the knowledge in the world, except for the top secret stuff that governments hide from us, like the aliens. It's all in here. This is my flashlight. You want to see something cool? Watch me. You watching? Check this out. Don't mess with me. I'll zap you. Right? Now that I got the kids laughing, maybe, or shaking their heads. Don't turn away from my video, please. There's more. I'm a new dad, okay? I'm not even a dad yet. I'm trying.  I'm practicing on you guys, okay? I've got six months, six months to practice. Hey, have you guys seen my newest addition to my shop wall? I got gifted this fly from one of my viewers in Australia. Thank you very much. It's on my wall. I can't hang every flag of the world on my walls, so I don't want to, I don't want you guys to all start sending flags to me and expect me to hang them up in here. I would love to hang them all up in here. Believe me, I would. I love flags. I used to have a huge collection of flags. I got rid of a lot of them when we downsized and moved into our smaller house, unfortunately. But I'm building it back up, but I'm going to have the prominent members of the Commonwealth in here as well. That there, who knows? I've never seen that flag before. I'm just kidding. I'm just kidding. That's our flag of our wonderful neighbors to the south, United States. Thank you for all you do for us and thank you for keeping the peace. Really appreciate it because I don't like war. It's really nice being next door to you guys. Thank you. That flag right there is the flag of my province of Manitoba. That's where I live in Canada. It's sort of like a state flag if you're American. Manitoba has the Union Jack up in the corner and then the crest of Manitoba right there, the English flag up above it, the buffalo beneath it, the buffalo or pardon me, the bison. It's not a buffalo. It's a bison. It's the symbol of Manitoba. It's also the symbol of our neighbors in the U.S., North Dakota, same region, exactly same area. One is under that flag. One is under that flag, but we're all under the flag of friendship, right? Okay, here we go. This I'm actually going to be replacing. This is the flag of the greatest hockey team ever to hit the ice, the Winnipeg Jets. We're a very kind-hearted team and we've allowed pretty much everyone else to take home the Stanley Cup before us. It's because we want to see others happy and in the spirit of giving, we have allowed everyone else to take home the Stanley Cup, but soon our kindness will run out and the Stanley Cup will come home to where it belongs in Winnipeg. I'm going to actually be taking this flag down. I'm going to be putting it somewhere else. The Union Jack, which you see in the top left corner there, the flag of the U.K., is going to go there so that we have all of our closest friends right here. You got Canada, you got the U.S., you'll have the U.K. down there. We have Australia and on the other side over here, in that empty space right there, that spot right there, is reserved for New Zealand. I have the flag on the way. The U.K. flag, the New Zealand flag is on the way. I also ordered a Canadian Red Ensign, which is the first, the original flag of Canada. It's pretty much exactly like this. Union Jack in the top left, the red background with the Canadian crest. Is it the Canadian royal crest? I'll have to show you when it comes in, but it's the original flag of Canada. It'll be the flag that we fought under in World War II and I. It's very similar to this. This flag is sort of modeled after our original flag before we got the Maple Leaf flag. So yeah, that's pretty much, I guess I could start going up here a little more, including flags and stuff up there, and I will. I was thinking of ordering a flag at the Commonwealth. The British Commonwealth has its own flag. I was thinking of like putting it up there, or the royal flag of Canada for His Majesty the King. He has his own flag in Canada here. It's different than the royal flag of the U.K. I think England and Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales all have their own version of the royal flag. I think it's the royal standard. Canada also has a royal standard. I was thinking of putting it up there, but then I realized that would be very inappropriate because the royal standard is never displayed unless the king or queen, in this case the king is present, as much as I like to think so. I'm not the king. So in this shop I'm the king, but there's a king over me yet and there's a king over him yet. If I would fly the royal standard in here, I didn't think it would be appropriate because the king is not here. Now if His Majesty, King Charles III were to come and visit my shop here, he's always welcome to come and visit. I hope he gives me a warning so I can clean up a little bit. If he were to be in the shop, then it would be appropriate to fly the royal standard because that means the king is present. See what I mean? I'm a nerd. I know I've got glasses and everything now. I'm a nerd. I realize that. You guys are all laughing at me, but this is who I am. This vlog is about my life. I hope you like it. If you do, subscribe. If you think I'm weird, subscribe. If you like it, subscribe. The overall message is, please subscribe. I need friends. That's that. Let's, oh yes, the starter. Almost forgot. One more thing. This thing has a light. I don't know if you noticed it or not. Turn it on. I don't want to zap myself. Hey, turn it on. There we go. See, and it's a swatter. You can like stretch it out like I had it and it's a swatter where you put it down like this. It has a little LED light in here and it attracts the flies towards it.  Oh, so nice. No more flies. Okay. This is what we're going to show you. All joking aside. Let's get serious now. Okay. Let's get serious. My starter is down there. It's easier to see it from the bottom here. That's my new starter right there. Isn't she beautiful? Yeah. So that was the main reason I brought it into the shop and they said my hood cables were frayed. Oh, they are. They are pretty bad over there. Okay. Yeah. Gotta be careful because we don't want these to snap. Oh yeah. They're frayed over there pretty bad as well. Okay. Those are on order. They're going to be installed next time I'm home or next time I bring it in for a service. What else do they do? They, oh, my heated mirrors weren't working. They fixed my heated mirrors. If you're from a tropical climate, you may be like, what? A heated mirror? What's a heated mirror? A heated mirror is exactly what it sounds like. It's a mirror that is heated. No, it doesn't get really hot. But in wintertime here in Canada and in northern climates, what happens is you can get a frost over your mirror here, right?  You can't see anything and the mirror that you can't see anything in is not helpful. So these are both heated. This one here and the wire is also going in the back there into here. So I push a little button actually right in here when the key is on that light lights up and both sides of the mirror actually, uh, they warm up. It's not like they get hot. They don't get hot to the touch, but they get warm enough that they melt the frost and the ice off it so that you can use them in the wintertime. So that got fixed. My beacons got fixed. I wonder if they'll work without the key on or if I'm gonna put the key on in here. Oh, no. There we go. See that driver's side beacon wasn't working. Now they're both working. See. And I've read your comments. Okay. Before you go and comment the same thing again, I have read your comments. You say, oh, you save a lot of money, Trucker Josh. If you just do these things yourself, I totally agree with you. I am 100% on your side. These are the kind of things I would like to do on my own. I was only expecting to be home for like a little bit of a long weekend and it was my anniversary weekend last weekend. And I didn't think I'd have the time to get all of this done. It turns out, I probably would have had the time. But since I, you can't see the future, right? Even the weather guy can't see the future. That's his job. You can't see the future and I figured I didn't have time. So I just got PBX to do everything. I brought it in there for the starter, all these other little things. We got it done. That's what's important. So all the truck's ready to go again. I'll be leaving tomorrow, which is Sunday. I have a load in Carmen, Manitoba, that's going to be going to Wapton, North Dakota or Wapiton, Wapiton, Wapiton, North Dakota. I got one per day. It's about 430, 450 kilometers, four and a half hours of driving down. I'll unload, I drive back, sleep at the customer the next morning, get loaded again, go back, do it again, five times, back and forth. It's going to be a pretty good week. Pretty good week for me. It's going to be a good run. So it'll make up for this week somewhat. And besides, you can't really put a price on home time. Yeah, it wasn't expected, but we'll just mark her down as an unscheduled holiday and go from there. It was nice being at home, spending time with the wife and baby on the way. I'm so excited. I'm so excited to be a dad. It's going to be cool. It's going to be cool. So yeah, I'm going to start working on this. I got to figure out how to get up there. So we got that marker light fixed up. I bought this hose recently. Look how short it looks, right? It goes behind the bar over there just over here. It's actually a hundred foot hose. You want to see something cool? Watch, watch. Okay.  This is one of those expandable hoses. Those of you who have seen this before already know what I'm talking about. I have to sweep this out. This is terrible. Okay. We're just going to put this all down here. This hose does not kink up. It doesn't mess up. And I go turn it on over here. Watch this. Watch it. A little bit creepy, right? See that? Excuse me. See it expands out to a hundred feet from 30 feet. How cool is that? It's a water hose. I use it to wash the truck. This way I can get my truck out of the shop, wash it outside, use one hose to go all the way around it. And then when I'm done, I just release the pressure in the hose. It shrinks back up to 30 feet. I roll it up back there. I don't always get things right, but I got this thing right. I'm really happy with that. So yeah, that marker light, the bulb, the bulb itself, it's an LED marker light. It's going to have to be replaced. There were some wires that weren't connecting properly. I replaced those wires. So it's connecting properly now. It's always going to be on, but it's dimmer than all the rest, which means that the light itself is going to have to be replaced eventually. It's doing its job right now, but it's bothering me because it's, it's dimmer than the rest. Not allowed. We have to have uniformity. We have to have a unity. Everyone has to shine the same, right? I'm going to wash the truck now anyways, wash it down and then walk on. It doesn't have to be perfect, but the shop floor has to be reasonably clean all the time. Before I leave on my next trip, I'm probably going to rinse the truck off in here. I'm going to use the water that comes off of the rinse on the ground and I squeegee it out of here. And then this floor is a nice beautiful. It's got a nice, beautiful, clean shine. But for now, this is good. I mean, it's, at least get all the grid out of here. On our next trip, looking forward to it. If you keep your eyes open up on I 29 and highway 75 this week, I'm going to be going up and down that highway back and forth all week, Monday to Friday. So if you see me hang off your air horn for me, would you? Or try to get me on the CB. I'll have my CB on. I messed up guys. I got halfway home and I realized that I had dropped my keys or my key ring, these things somewhere along the way. Not all my keys, but you know, most, I thought I had dropped some of them or most of them. I didn't know which ones I had dropped. So I turned around. I went all the way back. Turns out they'd fallen out of my pocket just as I had left the shop. Literally 50 paces from the shop, probably less than that 25 paces. I was halfway back. I walked all the way back and it's about a three kilometer or two mile walk to the shop. And I was halfway. There's a one mile. I walked one mile.  It was literally just this thing without the keys on it, just this thing. So it's a big waste of time, but I had, I didn't know what I had dropped. Found it. Got an extra two miles in my walk to go home. It was usually just a two mile walk. Now it's four mile walk home. I've got blisters on my feet, but it's okay. We're doing good. We're doing good. How fast do you have to be going to need a spoiler that big? Right? I'm almost home, but another half mile, a two mile walk turned into about a, I'm about three and a half miles in. So two mile walk home turned into a four mile walk home. But I'm okay. This is good. I'm fat. I need this. Britt offered to come pick me up and I declined. I said, you don't know. I need this. It's okay. Got blisters on my feet, but that's okay. My feet have got to get used to moving more, right? I'll be okay. I'll be okay. We're just going to fast forward real quick to the next morning, Sunday morning. I was pretty beat when I got home. I could definitely tell I haven't done a good walk in a while and I thought for sure I was going to have blisters on the bottom of my feet this morning. No, I got a really good sleep because I'm trying to enjoy my sleep while I can. Because once the baby's here, I understand I'm not going to get very much sleep at all, but I got a really good sleep this last night and I feel fine. I feel great today actually. Really good. And that's how it usually goes, right? When you get some exercise and you get moving, it makes you feel better, like mentally, physically. That's why I want to get back in this habit. Back in 2017, we got married and I wanted to lose a lot of weight for our wedding and I succeeded in that. I think I lost like 30 pounds. I gained it all back plus a little bit, but since then, but I made a goal that year and I stuck to it. I walked three miles every day for the most part, like almost every day, three miles. Wherever I was, I would just stop somewhere. If I was at a truck stop or a rest area, I'd have a little app that would track how far I had walked and I would just walk. Just go, go, go. And I remember how awesome I felt all the time, but it's hard to get back into that habit. Once it's a habit, it's easier. Anyways, I got back home and I was pretty sore. I was sore. I could hardly stay on my feet. That's how bad it's gotten, but I did honestly think I would feel a lot more sore today. No, hasn't gotten that bad yet. So we're going to do it again and do it again. I'm going to try to walk, I really want to walk five kilometers or three miles a day again. I keep saying that. I've been saying that all summer and I know that I haven't been following through on that. And you know, I'm going to keep saying it, keep saying it publicly, keep saying it here online because then people hold me accountable. You know, when, when people realize that I'm not following through with what I said I was going to do, they start calling me out. And that's good. It's good. Hold me accountable. I want to try to lose this weight before baby comes. So I have six months.  I don't want to be a lazy, I want to be a dad that they're proud to introduce to their friends or proud to bring their friends over and say, that's my dad.  If they want to play baseball, if they want to play hockey, I want to be able to get on the ice with them. We're starting our family a little later in life. So I'm going to be 35 when this baby's born or very near to it, which means, you know, I'm going to be in my 40s by the time they probably really get into sports. And I don't want to be that dad that can't keep up or can't play with them because I'm too out of shape and I'm too unhealthy. I want to get myself in shape and I want to set that example for them so that they also get into the routine of staying healthy, staying fit because it's not fun being overweight like me. Technically, I'm overweight. I know it's not that bad yet, but it's not fun.  You can't run very far. I'd love to be able to run like for miles. That'd be great. I don't know if I'll get that far. I hope so. But that's my goal anyway. So we'll see what we can do. I don't want to only push myself. And yesterday was a good start. In total, I think I walked. So I walked two and a half kilometers there. Five, six kilometers back because I had to go back and forth a little bit. I walked like eight and a half, almost nine kilometers. I walked over five miles yesterday. So my body was like, whoa, there cowboy. Let's slow down. Let's start a little slower. But nope. That's what we're going to do. Keep pushing ourselves. So anyways, have a good day, everybody. The next video will be out tomorrow. Today for me, tomorrow for you.  I'm getting back on the truck finally. I think it's going to feel good to get behind the wheel again. So we'll see you later. Don't forget to subscribe.


Okay, everybody out there, let's get going here. Segment two of our North Dakota State University Spring Fever Garden Forum, and now we're going to shift gears and talk about the battle against diseases. And the diseases are out there. They will attack our landscapes this year. So luckily we have Dr. Jared Maboulis, an extension plant pathologist who teaches tonight a little bit about how to prevent the problems, how to spot the enemy, and then how to protect our plants. So let's welcome Jared to the forum. We actually just changed the mic here too, so please let us know if things aren't working out at the various places in the state. So Tom asked me to come and speak to you about diseases, and he warned me not to depress you, and then he proceeded to do that. So hopefully everything will be on an upswing from here. And what I really wanted to do was basically give some general tips about ways you can manage your diseases in your gardens or in your turf grasses or in your trees. Basically things you can do that are really simple at the beginning of the growing season to try and prevent disease from becoming a problem. Before I do that, I thought I would show you certain pictures of some diseases, more to give you an idea of things to look at and things to keep your eyes on. So here we have something which is obviously a problem. We have two begonia plants. We have one nice, happy, healthy begonia plant and one that's wilted and dead and fallen over. This is obviously going to be a problem. If your begonia plants all look like that, you're not going to be very happy and you're going to want to do something about it. And here's another example of a disease. This is a plum pocket disease. Basically, it's a fungus that attacks the fruit on these plum trees and causes them to shrivel up and die and basically looks like this, something that you obviously aren't going to want to eat and isn't going to taste very good. Those are two examples of diseases that you might consider to be really important in your landscape plants. And now I'll show you an example of a disease that's really common in North Dakota, but probably most people won't really worry about in their landscape plantings. And that's a leaf spot of poplar. So most people who have poplar trees either in shelter belts or in their backyard will notice these little gray or black spots in the leaves. If it's a common disease, it's all over the place, not really going to cause a problem. And then the last one I want to highlight here is something that I'm sure everyone is familiar with in North Dakota and that's snow mold. So pretty much every spring when the snow melts, if there's been enough snow for a long enough period of time, you're going to have some snow mold that's growing on your lawn. So these are examples of rare diseases, common diseases. You'll probably disturb you and you want to do something about it in the landscape and diseases that you don't really care about too much. And I think the thing that's really important to keep in mind here is that what you decide to do about your disease or the disease problems you might be having is largely up to you.  So the decisions on the types of things you want to do are in a lot of cases up to you as the person taking care of that garden or that plant. One more disease or common thing that you might see, especially if you're in the wet soils we have in North Dakota is something called damping off. So that's basically when you're planting seeds into really wet soil in the spring and the seeds never germinate and emerge. So you can imagine that damping off is a common problem, maybe not this year but in other years in the state because of the soil moisture issue. Now one thing, there's a lot of specifics in plant pathology. There's scientific names for these diseases and these little structures you have to look for and these little structures you have to look for. And people tend to get frustrated with all the details. And so I'm not going to spend too much time talking about that today. And what I really want to do is highlight the importance of some general concepts. And one is to think about how diseases occur. And this is a really common thing used by plant pathologists. It's called the disease triangle. And there's three sides to this and they're labeled on here. So you have to have a pathogen, something that causes a disease, a host. So a plant that becomes infected with that pathogen and then the environment. And you need those three things to come together at the right time in order for disease to occur. And so when you're thinking about how to best manage diseases in your landscape, it's a really useful tool to kind of think about these things. So you think to yourself, okay, well I have a problem with apple scab, let's say. What can I do to either the pathogen to the apple scab fungus, the host, the apple trees or the crab apple trees that it's causing a problem on, or the environment? And that's kind of the general way I'm going to approach the rest of this talk today. It's talk about things that you can do to either the host, the pathogen, or the environment in order to limit the amount of disease that occurs. One other thing I want to mention about this, and this is kind of maybe a little bit of an odd thing to mention, but what I always try to do is think of myself as a fungus whenever I'm trying to come up with a plan for how to control a disease. Fungi in general, like coolish temperatures and lots of moisture. So if you can do things to limit moisture and increase temperatures, that helps in most cases. You know, a really good example, something that Kathy just mentioned, was the pruning of trees to open up the crowns. You can open up the crown that allows air movement through, the leaves will dry off, and things like apple scab will be less of a problem. So here are the four main things that, four words that I think you should keep in mind when trying to control diseases. So avoidance, protection, eradication, and exclusion. Those are four things that you can do to try and limit the amount of disease that there is on the landscape. And I'm going to go through examples of all of these disease control strategies. And at the end, what I'd like to do is kind of talk about how you can use these in combination to limit the amount of disease that occurs. So the first one, avoidance.  You know, here's a perfect example. I mentioned damping off earlier. One way to avoid damping off is basically to avoid planting in really wet soils. So rather than planting, you know, a couple of days ago when everything was bare, or when, you know, the puddles are still in your garden, you wait until the soil is kind of drying out, the water's drained down through the soil, and you can plant your seeds then. And then you're less likely to have a problem with damping off. The other thing that's really important to keep in mind is most of these plant pathogens produce the spores that cause new infections in the spring. So it's really at the beginning of the growing season when you can do the most to limit the amount of damage that these diseases can have. The other thing to think about with avoidance is if we think of these two examples we have here. So these are two really common diseases you have on, sorry, I'm not sorry, it's going to be on your right or on your left. I'll be in the video world. But you have a powdery mildew of squash, and then you also have powdery mildew on lilacs. So these are really common diseases. I'm sure everyone has seen them. They're called fungi, and you usually see them at the end of the growing season.  It occurs so late in the growing season that it's not going to affect, at least in North Dakota, it's not going to affect the fruit that's produced or hurt your lilac bushes. So there's all sorts of ways to think about this disease and whether or not you need to actually do anything about them. The next thing I want to talk about is protection, ways to protect your plants. And obviously the most common way to protect your plants or people would commonly think of is to use some sort of pesticide. And I tend to lean towards more what Kathy was mentioning earlier, and to try and use organic control or try and limit the amount of pesticide that's applied in our gardens and in our landscape planting. And so I tend to use that as a last resort. But as Kathy mentioned with the spotted ring desoscelia, there are certain diseases where you might just have to spray something in order to control them.   So basically what that's doing is allowing the leaf surfaces and the stems to stay wet for a long period of time. And fungi really like those wet surfaces. And that basically increases the amount of potential disease that there is. And you see this quite commonly where people are irrigating their lawns and they have spruce trees. And they spray those spruce trees at the same time as they're irrigating their lawns. And if they do that in the evening, then the spruce trees will basically stay wet all night. The fungal spores will land on those spruce trees and cause potential problems. So those are, you know, when I talk about controlling the environment, it's kind of, you can be uncertain of ways to do it, but this is a good way that you can do it.  The same is true whether it's the lawn or plants in your garden. And one thing also I want to highlight here is that if you do make the decision to use a fungicide or use a pesticide in order to control the problem, you really want to be careful to read the label and be sure that you're using it in the correct way and on plants that it's labeled for use. The next thing I want to talk about is eradication.  Basically getting rid of any of the dead plant material in the fall or in the spring before things start to bloom. So perfect example, rake up the leaves in your lawn. I don't really like raking up leaves and I know lots of people don't necessarily like raking up leaves, but that's one of the best things you can do to control disease. Because if you think about something like apple scab, which is all over the leaves and all over the fruit, they fall off, land on the ground, they're under the snow all winter, and in the spring they produce spores that cause new infections on your crab apples or on your apple trees. The same is true of branches, dead branches on trees. You want to be sure to prune those off and get rid of them. In your garden, you want to pill under all the dead plant material. That's a really good way of eliminating problems from the start of the previous year and protecting them from moving forward into the next year. So I know any of you who have kids, kids' rooms are never clean.  That's a good pointer. Here are some examples of a few diseases that this can be really, really important for. Any of the diseases that are canker diseases, so they infect the branches and main stems of trees. You want to cut out those cankered areas and basically get rid of them. Apple scab, as I mentioned before, is a really good example. Basically get rid of all the dead leaves in the fall or at the very least in the spring before things start to flush and start to bloom. And basically any disease that impacts the leaves of plants or trees, you just want to get rid of that dead plant material. That's one of the best strategies you can do. They basically prevent the problem from starting in the first place. Some other things to point out here. So you'll notice here there's a big stack of firewood underneath a couple trees. Well, that's alum firewood, and those are alum trees. And those alum trees were killed by, or Dutch alum disease, which is spread by a beetle. So the point I guess I'm trying to make here is if you do remove dead branches or cut down a tree, get rid of it. Don't leave it in your yard. Don't stack it underneath a tree of a similar species. Get rid of it. If you want to keep it for firewood, that's fine, but don't stack it directly below alum trees if you cut up an alum tree that was killed by Dutch alum disease. The same thing is true for composting. So if you have infected plants from your garden, you don't want to use those plants in the compost because a lot of the fungi that cause these diseases produce resting spores, which can survive in these compost piles. So you can imagine you have this really nice garden, a couple of the plants are infected, you harvest all that material, you compost it, and then the next spring you spread it all over your garden, which is spreading those spores all over the place. So that's something that's really important to keep in mind. It's a good idea to compost, but you want to try and minimize the infected plant material that you use in that compost. The last point I want to talk about is exclusion. And this is another really good strategy, which is basically when you buy your plants, whether you're buying them at Home Depot or at a garden store or ordering your plants online, you want to make sure that they're disease free. So you don't want to bring infected plants to your garden. So there are a couple of examples here. I have bags of potatoes. Potatoes are a really good example of a certified seed program. So it'll say on that bag, if those potatoes are disease free. And when that's there, you know it's safe to plant them and you're not going to be introducing a disease into your garden. The second example here is a downy mildew fungus, which has been recently identified in Minnesota and present all over the U.S. And this is a really good example of something that I mentioned about the composting. So this downy mildew fungus grows on the leaves and at the end of the growing season it produces a spore that can handle high temperatures, no moisture, really cold temperatures, basically is able to survive in the soil. And so if you were to plant the same plant in that location again the next year or if you were to use those dead plants as compost, then you would potentially be spreading this disease. So the last thing I want to talk about before I go through an example of how we can use these different approaches is integrated pest management. So you might have heard people talking about this in an agricultural kind of system. Well the same thing can be applied in your garden. And basically integrated pest management or IPM is using a combination of avoidance, protection, eradication and exclusion to limit the amount of damage there is to the plants by different pests and different fungi while minimizing the environmental impact and the cost of controlling the disease. So you know if you think about it you can use combinations of eradication, cleaning up your leaves and potentially applying a pesticide at reduced time periods or sorry less frequently to limit the amount of disease you might have. So we're going to talk about cedar apple rust or juniper apple rust as an example of one of these diseases where we can apply these different strategies for control. So here we have two pictures. You have leaves of an apple tree or probably a crab apple tree with these yellow spots on them. So those spots are caused by the fungus. You can also see those spots on fruits. And then you have a picture of junipers where you have the fungus growing on those junipers. And anyone in the spring who has seen these orange jelly-like structures hanging off their juniper plants which I think are really neat but other people don't necessarily think so. Tom shaking his head are the other sign of this disease. And like Kathy said earlier this disease basically cycles between the juniper and the rosaceous host. So not only are apples susceptible to cedar apple rust but any plant in the rosacea family is susceptible to cedar apple rust. And so basically what happens in the spring those jelly-like structures come out of the cedar or juniper tree. They release spores. Those spores travel through the air and they land on susceptible apple or rosaceous host. So that's kind of what you see here. And then basically at the end of the growing season the fungus produces a second type of spore which will reinfect the juniper or the cedar plant. A lot of the time you can see so those jelly-like structures are only visible in the spring when things are really wet. They dry up and fall off but what you can see are these woody galls which is on the lower side of the screen underneath the word juniper. Those woody galls are present on the juniper plant all year long and you can see them. That's what produced those orange jelly-like structures. So how can we use these different IPM these different approaches we talked about the avoidance, eradication, exclusion and protection to limit the amount of problems caused by the growth of the plant. One of the ways you can do it and some people think this is a good idea and I'm not sure how effective it is but it's basically to remove one of those hosts. So if you don't like your juniper plants get rid of the junipers. If you don't like your apples which is probably the least likely choice people make then you can get rid of your apple plants. This might work but you have to remember that these spores are spread through the winds and so if your neighbor has a bunch of junipers they might and you've gotten rid of your junipers those spores are going to spread from those junipers onto your crab or your apple trees. So it's really important that unless you're willing to go into your neighbor's yard and kill all their juniper plants too and so on and so on that it's not necessarily that effective a strategy. Another approach which I know people grown at is those little dolls you see on the junipers you could prune those off. So that's getting into the eradication side of things. Once again, that's probably not going to be the most effective for the same reason that removal of the junipers wouldn't have been that effective. This disease can still spread from further away. There is the possibility in terms of protection to apply fungicides to control this disease. Now there are fungicides which are labeled for use on the rosaceous posts so on the apples and on the crab apples but I'm not aware of this time of fungicides that are labeled for use on the juniper plants. And then the final thing I want to talk about is basically the use of resistant cultivars. So there are resistant cultivars of both the apple and the juniper which you could plant in your landscape if you're developing a new planting. So that's something that's also an option and probably one of the better choices in this scenario for trying to control this problem. Now the one thing as I mentioned earlier is that you don't necessarily have to think of this as a problem. I like all this stuff on my junipers and on my apple trees. I think it's interesting to look at. I wouldn't necessarily do anything about it but I know that's not necessarily true of everyone. So that's pretty much all I've got for today so I'd be more than willing to answer any questions that you have. Okay, thank you Jared. Got a few questions and people keep in comment. You talked a lot about cedar apple rust. Do you know how far can these spores travel in the wind? How many neighbors down the block do we have to worry about? In order to... You have to worry about a lot of neighbors down the block. I'm not sure the exact distance is but most of these fungi that are spread by wind can travel miles so it's not a short distance. That's why I really kind of think that even though people suggest removing the alternate hosts or removing the junipers, for example, it's probably not going to work. Thank you. What's the best time of year for cutting out Cytospora canker on spruce? That's a really good question. I'm taking a second to think about it. Largely because I would say as soon as you see it, I think that's probably your best approach. So as soon as you see the Cytospora canker on the spruce, you probably want to cut that branch off. And whenever you're pruning spruce, I think the best approach is you want to prune it right back to the main stem. You don't want to prune just the end of the branch off. So you'd prune the whole branch right up to the trunk of the tree off to do that. Do you have any recommendations on how we can manage snowmold on turf? Yeah, I think the best approach for managing snowmold in a landscape type setting is basically user rape when you see it in the spring. Most of the time when the snow melts, if you have snowmold underneath and you rake it to just basically break up that mass of fungus that's growing there, you're not going to have a problem with it. You know, the grass might get knocked back a little bit early on in the growing season, but it'll recover. Snowmold generally is a problem when you don't do something about the matted hyphae and mycelium growing on the surface of the grass.  I think you won't have too much of a problem with it. Thank you. A question on Dutch Elm disease. This person says, I thought it's a big no-no to burn elm trees with the bark on since it will spread Dutch Elm disease. Is that true? I think maybe the way to think about this is that when they talk about the bark on the elm logs, the beetles need that bark on those elm logs in order to survive. So if you remove the bark and have that wood piled there, you'll be all right. It's just basically the wood drives out and any beetles that are there would die or they are actually present in the bark and not in the wood of the tree. So I think that that recommendation has to do with the storage of the wood. I hope if I can clear that up anymore. I think burning the wood itself will not spread that stuff. No. How about for the potato packages, how can we tell if they're disease-free? The potato packages will usually say it's certified seed. So they'll be somewhere on there and it'll say this is disease-free. And with potatoes, viruses are usually the biggest problem and they'll be a note on the bag that says this is certified seed that there's no viruses present in them. Here, how can we get rid of mushrooms in the lawn? That's a really good question. So there are a whole bunch of different kinds of things that produce mushrooms in the lawn. I think fairy-ring is probably one of the most common ones that people think about. There are things you can spray on your lawn. They don't work particularly well. And so I basically just recommend the same thing with a rake. You just kick them or you rake them up and get rid of them. That's probably the best approach.  So I mean, chances are I think you just pick the mushroom and get rid of it. Jared, black knot disease on cherries. Is it possible to get rid of it? It's been there for two or three years. Black knot is a little bit tricky disease to deal with and that's because it has a two-year life cycle. So it causes spores get spread through the air in the spring. It lands on a cherry tree and it takes two years before you actually see the symptoms developing on that cherry tree.  So normally what happens is people prune everything off their tree. They get rid of all those black knots and then all of a sudden it shows up again next year and they're upset. Well, why did I prune the tree when the black knots are coming back again? And usually what they find is if you keep pruning that for two to three years then you can limit the amount of disease, reduce the amount of disease that's there. But it's virtually impossible to get rid of black knot entirely. Is scarlet uses great leaves as a mulch in the flowerbed in this winter protection? Is this a bad idea because of the risk of spreading disease? That's maybe a tricky question. The reason I say this may be tricky question is it depends on first of all if those leaves were infected. So I would say if you've got a crab apple you're saying they're mulch leaves. If you've got a crab apple you probably don't want to spread them close to your crab apple tree if they have apple scab on them. But if they're elm leaves it probably doesn't matter at all. Usually mulch leaves, especially if you turn them into the soil are going to decompose and it won't be a problem the next year. Yeah, just don't use disease leaves. Yeah. How about anybody in Fargo have any questions? We've got a very quiet group here tonight. There's a few questions out there on insects I'm going to spare Jared of. Here we go. Now we're shifting to rhubarb. Again, really after a good start in spring, on the end of June they start getting rust and then the leaves will start dying and sterling up. First of all, how about using dish soap on them in spring? I actually don't know anything about rhubarb rust. But I would think that applying dish soap, if you need actually spraying them on the leaves, I don't think that that actually would necessarily do anything. Probably you would just make the surface of the leaves wet and actually potentially make the situation worse. It's a cleaner rhubarb, but dish soap is not a fun to site. They will not do the job. What do you recommend for controlled plum pockets? That's a good question. I actually don't think I could answer that question right now. I'm not sure of the best way to control plum pockets. Just do your best to pick them up. Sanitation, right? You're talking about eradication. Good sanitation is always a good start. This person has astral yellows on petunias spread by leaf hoppers. Someone in the audience, I think that probably is the best approach. The leaf hoppers, I'm sure there is a label that's designed for their control. But I think the issue with astral yellows is probably the best thing to do is just remove the plants. Anyone has questions? Otherwise, any questions on diseases? These are excellent questions. Any questions on diseases? I tell you why. Why don't we just take a break now? Take a five-minute break. Thank you, Jared, for your excellent presentation. Thanks for the excellent questions out there, everybody. Let's take a five-minute break, and then we're going to talk about planting trees.


Here's the problem with talking about your company or your products as innovative. In a very subtle way, when you tell someone that your products or company is focused on innovation or is an innovative solution, what you're actually saying is, look how smart we are. We did this new thing that nobody's ever done before. And that's not what your customers need. Your customers might really need the new, innovative solution that you're bringing to the market. They might really need the new, better, faster, improved way that your products can be installed or the materiality of it. But when you say that it's innovative, you're focusing on the process to get to it, not the result that it delivers.


Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for joining us at this global launch of Nigeria's energy transition plan. I'm grateful to all our partners and sister governments for their support on the plan and for their robust participation in the launch today. Climate change is perhaps the greatest existential threat of our lifetime. The most reliable evidence today shows that every inhabited region across the globe is already affected and that no place on earth will be immune to its effects. In Africa, the effects are expected to be particularly damaging. For instance, climate change threatens crop productivity in regions that are already food insecure. And since agriculture provides the largest number of jobs, reduced crop productivity will simply worsen unemployment. Yet from all indicators, as a global community, we are way behind schedule on the pathway to limiting warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels to avoid the worst impacts of climate change. It is certainly time for decisive action and we just cannot afford to delay. African nations are rising to the challenge. All African countries have signed the Paris agreements and some countries, South Africa, Sudan, Angola and Nigeria, have also announced net zero targets. But for Africa, the problem of energy poverty is as important as our climate ambitions. Energy use is crucial for almost every conceivable aspect of development. Wealth, health, nutrition, water, infrastructure, education and life expectancy are significantly related to the consumption of energy per capita. Africa, with about 17% of the world's population, only generates 4% of the world's electricity. The current lack of power hurts livelihoods and destroys the dreams of hundreds of millions of young people. And although Africa's current unmet energy needs are huge, future demand will even be greater due to expanding populations, urbanization and movement into the middle class. It is clear that the continent must address its energy constraints and would require external support and policy flexibility to deliver this. Unfortunately, in the wider responses to the climate crisis, we're not seeing careful consideration and acknowledgement of Africa's aspirations. For instance, despite the tremendous energy gaps, global policies are increasingly constraining Africa's energy technology choices. There's a clear need for African nations to engage more critically and vocally in conversations on our global climate future. More importantly, we need to take ownership of our transition pathways and design climate-sensitive strategies that address our growth objectives. This is what Nigeria has sought to do with our energy transition plan. The plan was designed to tackle the dual crises of energy poverty and climate change and deliver SDG7 by 2030 and NetZero by 2060 while centering the provision of energy for development, industrialization and economic growth. We anchor the plan on key objectives, including lifting 100 million people out of poverty in a decade, driving economic growth, bringing modern energy services to the full population and managing the expected long-term job loss in the oil sector due to global decarbonization. Given these objectives, the plan recognizes the role of natural gas in the short term to facilitate the establishment of baseload energy capacity and address the nation's clean cooking deficit in the form of LPG. The plan envisions vibrant industries powered by low-carbon technologies, streets lined with electric vehicles and livelihoods enabled by sufficient and clean energy. The plan has the potential to create about 340,000 jobs by 2030 and 840,000 jobs by 2060 and it presents a unique opportunity to deliver a true low-carbon and rapid development model in Africa's largest economy. However, the plan also highlights the significant scale of resources required to attain both development and climate ambitions. Nigeria would need to spend 410 billion US dollars above business-as-usual spending to deliver a transition plan by 2060, which translates to about 10 billion US dollars per year. The average 3 billion US dollars per year investments in renewable energy recorded for the whole of Africa between the years 2000 and 2020 will certainly not suffice. Towards implementation of the plan, we have an interministerial energy transition implementation working group, which I have the privilege of chairing. We are currently engaging with partners to secure an initial 10 billion US dollars support package ahead of COP 27 along the lines of the South African Just Energy Transition Partnership, which was announced at COP 26 in Glasgow. In addition, we are currently implementing power sector initiatives and reforms that are focused on expanding our greed, increasing generation capacity, and employing renewable energy to rural and underserved populations. Significantly, today, we're also launching an innovative results-based finance program that focuses specifically on scaling up electricity access for productive users. The Universal Energy Facility will provide grant payments to enable solar companies expand their operations to small and medium-sized enterprises across Nigeria while crowding in additional private capital. Projects that are sponsored by the Universal Energy Facility will help grow businesses and create jobs, making them key contributors to our energy transition plan. And I'd like to encourage solar companies in attendance today to engage with this innovative financing opportunity, which has been managed by the sustainable energy for all, see for all. We developed our energy transition plan to engage with the rest of the world in a serious, thorough, and data-backed manner. We're hopeful that investors and the global community, particularly in the lead-up to COP 27, will recognize the immense opportunities and potential for impact on the African continent. Working together, we can make this moment count for Nigeria, for Africa, and the rest of the world. Thank you very much for your attention.


Hello, this is Laptop Media, and today, we will show you how to open the MSI Modern 14 C12M and what's inside of it. There are 9 Phillips head screws that you need to undo in order to access this laptop's internals. After that, pry the bottom panel with a plastic tool, and lift it away from the chassis. Please remember, it would be of great help to us if you just hit the like button and subscribe to our channel. That would motivate us to make even more and better videos for you. Our unit comes with the smaller 39Wh battery pack. It lasts for 9 hours of web browsing, or 6 hours of video playback on a single charge. To take it out, undo the 5 Phillips head screws that keep it in place, and unplug the connector from the motherboard. The memory here is soldered to the motherboard. You can get the device with a maximum of 16GB of DVR4 RAM, working at 3200MHz. Storage wise, there is 1 M.2 PCI-EX4 slot, which only supports Gen3 drives. As you can see, the cooling looks pretty impressive. It uses 2 heat pipes, a long heat sink, and a fan. Furthermore, the VRMs are cooled by a metal heat spreader. If you'd like to see more disassembly videos of the latest notebooks we would highly appreciate if you hit the like button and subscribe to the channel.


3rd Battalion, 15th Infantry Regiment soldiers gathered to say farewell to Lieutenant Colonel Nathan Minami and welcome the new battalion commander, Lieutenant Colonel LaFranne Marx. Lieutenant Colonel Minami says the memories he has from the past 28 months are ones that will stay with him forever. Lieutenant Colonel Marx says he is excited and honored to be a part of this storied battalion and looks forward to leading this great team of warriors. Lieutenant Colonel Marx and his soldiers add to 3rd Battalion's rich military history as they provide security force assistance to enhance the ability of Ukrainian infantry battalions to conduct defensive operations. Reporting from Ukraine, Army Staff Sergeant Jonathan Norris.