Live from New York, it's theCUBE, covering big data NYC 2015. Brought to you by Hortonworks, IBM, EMC, and Pivotal. Now for your hosts, John Furrier and Dave Vellante. Okay, welcome back everyone. We are here live in New York City. This is theCUBE SiliconANGLE's flagship program. We go out to the events and extract the signal from the noise. I'm John Furrier, the founder of SiliconANGLE, Dave Vellante, founder of Wikibon.com, and we are here covering big data NYC, our event that's happening in conjunction with Strata, Hadoop World, going on in New York City, a lot of the actions here. Our next guest is Teresa Vu, Product Marketing Manager at Splunk. Welcome to theCUBE. Thank you. So we have Splunk on our brain because last week we were Splunking the event by ingesting all the data on theCUBE in Vegas. Very big success, well congratulations. Thank you. Everyone there, it was a fantastic event. Go to SiliconANGLE.tv, you can check out all the Splunk.conference videos. I think we did 13, 14 interviews a day, and then evening activities, a lot of networking, just a great buzz. I mean, Splunk has got that vibe of a startup. Definitely. But yet the food chain is moving up the food chain too to kill our app which is analytics. Yes. So last week was a great success for us and then rolling into this week. So users conference in Las Vegas, we had about 4,000 of our customers show up. It's always great to spend time with them and hear what customers are up to and what they're looking at. And as you said, really trying to understand what is that next level that they're looking for around analytics and where they're looking to take the data and then bringing that here to New York this week at Strata and talking to our customers in the Hadoop and Big Data Space about what they're looking for and what their future needs are. One of the things I found really remarkable about your events, not that we're going to go about the new event in a minute, but you guys really do a good job because your customer base is very active with you and your marketing strategy is to say something compelling. New product vision, new product announcement.  Yes. So that is really rare here. I noticed that there really wasn't any customer activity at the keynotes. It was all vendor, vendor, vendor. Yeah, you sprinkle in the customer use case once in a while, but for the most part there seems to be this movement of the operationalizing of Hadoop is just going a little bit slower than it should be, but yet the big data aspect is going crazy with growth. So the separation between big data and Hadoop they're not necessarily the same thing. Do you guys see that same thing? So I would say from our perspective, I mean first off we've been very lucky since the beginning of the company that our customers essentially just love us. Between last week, which was our show and even here in New York, I have customers constantly coming up to the booth and just on the floor and saying, I have Splunk in my company and we love you guys and we just want to get more. So we've been very lucky to have this really, the customer base that loves us. And I would say that with Splunk customers, it's always been big data for them from the very beginning, ingesting terabytes, petabytes of data. It's always been a big data play because we focus on machine data and making that accessible and usable for our customers. So the notion of Hadoop and big data has shifted some of that discussion but I would say from the beginning, we've always been focused on making big data and particularly machine data accessible and usable for our customers. Yeah, and I think your customers have always considered that big data. In fact, we just did a survey and the number one use case was IT operations support. Number one came up and then increasingly they see that as big data, big data app. Of course, the announcement of Hunk, not only great name, but solidified the two worlds, right? Yeah, and I joke, I gave a presentation on the 6.3 launch of Hunk last week and I told everybody, I bet you didn't know that Hunk was a woman. So they got a kick out of that. But one of the other major announcements that we made last week to that point was our new IT service intelligence, a premium solution. So now this is one of the big shifts that we're seeing is that customers are really looking for production solutions versus technology and having built out a complete production scalable stack on big data, now we can really focus on the solutions that are going to make our customers' lives easier. So such as in the IT service intelligence. Well, that was an interesting announcement. So what I found interesting with ITSM, IT service management is a well documented industry and that's evolving. Now, when you add the intelligence, that's a machine learning field to it. Machine learning is critical part of your announcement. In this new era of using data in real time. Do you see that same kind of thing spilling over? How do you see the ITSI stuff playing out in the Hadoobika system? Do you see similar overlaps at all? We definitely see similar overlaps with the machine learning and the predictive analytics into the other market groups. So that last week was the key announcement was around the IT service intelligence. And as you mentioned, we made an acquisition of a company called Metaphor to bring in some of that machine learning subject matter expertise. But we're definitely seeing it in all of the other areas. So as well, you know, our big... Yeah, the time series stuff is pretty big deal. The time series stuff is... This doesn't get a lot of press, but that's a real nuance in the times. Explain that piece of it. So why and why it's important. So with, I mean, Splunk, the way that our technology works is focused around the time series data and that's how we index the data. And that's the machine learning algorithms are focused on being able to ingest and parse and help customers find insights based on how we're bringing in that data in a time series fashion. That accelerates the machine speed. Yes. And then Caspita is more of the holistic network topologies that get that right kind of view. Yeah, so I was going to mention, in terms of bringing that machine learning to big data and Hadoop, we also had our Caspita acquisition focused around security analytics and they're really looking at, as you said, machine learning across all the different data sets that people in the security socks are trying to analyze. So it seems like you got two vectors there. You got to ingest the data, you got to be able to handle it. You need good software and infrastructure to be able to do that. And then you have to apply machine learning algorithms and then you have to keep getting better and better and better over time. And that's sort of, that's really the nirvana that everybody in the user organizations are trying to get to you're actually doing that in your part of the world. Is that the right way to think about it? I would definitely think about it that way. And one of the great things about Splunk is I don't think people realize how long we've been around. So the company's been in existence for over 10 years. And so we have that expertise on the data ingest and manipulating data, bringing that data in and making it usable in a horizontal fashion within our platform. And so we have over 10 years of experience doing that in a scalable production and secure way. And now that gives us the ability to really focus up the stack with these applications and bring machine learning and analytics on top of that data that we've been so successful at managing. You have been incredibly successful and you've built a great business around it. I mean, for a long time now, when we do a lot of CUBE interviews, oh, you see what happens. We got the Splunk killer. I haven't seen the Splunk killer yet. And in fact, just the opposite of it.  Your customers are extremely happy. Every now and then they complain about pricing, but if that's your biggest problem, boy, wow, that's great news. Yeah, so we definitely have been really successful again in that building out that production stack, which it's a very difficult feat because when you look at all of the technologies that we bring together to build a product like Splunk, it is difficult for our competitors to compete. But to the point about pricing, that's one of the things that we're looking at with Hadoop and with Hunk. So one of the big announcements that we had around Hunk last week with the release of 6.3 is giving our Splunk Enterprise customers the ability to archive their data into Hadoop and analyze it using Hunk. So given the Splunk Enterprise customer, the same capabilities, the search, visualizations, analytics that they've come to know and love on Splunk Enterprise, natively on top of Hadoop with Hunk, and giving them a simple way to archive that data. So for example, with security customers who are maybe analyzing 30 or 60 days worth of data today, now they can roll that data into Hadoop and analyze data over 180 days, one year, two years, at a much lower TCO than they were able to before. So talk about the Amazon relationship, because we're going to have theCUBE next week at AWS. And we've got some special things we're going to be showing. So if you're watching, interested in AWS and theCUBE will be there, we've got a really special surprise for you, so that Amazon is going to be giving us an exclusive look at some stuff. So pay attention to theCUBE. You guys, big cloud play with Amazon. So I want you to talk about two things. First, the conversation here at Hadoop World, Strata Hadoop, in the booth, in the hallways, the buzz, and then compare that vis-a-vis the conversations you expect to hear at AWS. Are they kind of jiving together? I mean, a lot of cloud conversations this week. Yeah, I would say that it's a very great symbiotic relationship, so these three weeks are great for us, having Splunk's user conference followed up by this event in New York, and then going to Las Vegas again with AWS re-invent. So we're one of the largest sponsors at AWS re-invent, and we've seen so much traction in our cloud solution. We're in 10 AWS regions, including GovCloud. So our cloud solution is built on AWS with a performer. And Mark Olson was clear on theCUBE. Hey, if they want to consume in the cloud. We have the solution for them. Yeah, it's really easy to stand up. It's a very symbiotic relationship, so one of our customers, Finra, was actually presenting here about their AWS solution, and they're one of our largest users of the cloud, of our AWS backed cloud solution. So I think there's a lot of relationship between what we're seeing here and the conversation about cloud and what we'll be seeing at AWS next week. So you live in, you sit in the marketplace, the AWS marketplace, and as an AWS user, I can just configure up and spin up some instances and start running. Both Splunk and Hunk are available in the AWS marketplace, so, and both, Hunk is available by the hour, so customers can use that, get up and running quite easily, and then we also offer Splunk Cloud in the marketplace as well. And when, how long have you been doing that? It's been a while now, or? It's been, I want to say about 12 to 18 months. Okay, so enough to sort of get a trajectory. I mean, can you just categorize sort of the growth and what you're seeing? Yeah, so we've seen quite a few customers, both Splunk Enterprise customers moving to cloud solutions and giving them the ability to have a hybrid solution with Splunk Enterprise on-premise and Splunk Cloud, and then we've also seen net new customers in the cloud as well. And just going back to FINRA, I mean, they're the largest regulator of security companies in the US, so that might give you some sense of how large the data that they're ingesting and analyzing with Splunk in the cloud. And you love Amazon, we love Amazon, but there's other clouds too, particularly Google and Microsoft seem to have a lot of traction within the Hadoop and big data world. What are you doing with those guys, if anything? So we've had lots of great conversations this week with partners, and Google and Microsoft, Azure are both platforms that we're looking at. Theresa, what are you excited about here? When you were at the show, obviously this is evolving, the Hadoop world landscape is changing every day, it's giving more of a cloud show, more about, you know, Spark world, maybe so much Spark conversation. But what are you personally excited about? I mean, you're on the front lines with Splunk, you've got a great company that's growing like crazy, you can't run faster, the customer's saying pedal faster, you're trying your best, we're talking to Guido, he's like, yeah, we're still a product company, so you've got a great environment. As you look out on the industry, what are you excited about? I was at a big data analytics startup before I joined Splunk, so I've been to the show several years and watched it grow so much over the last few years, so seeing new entrants come into the marketplace, but really, particularly around solutions, so the different solutions that we're building out now, and moving away from some of those technology discussions, and really being able to help our customers solve their pain points and enable them to drive faster with their businesses, is what's been interesting for me, and seeing that evolution from the technology discussion to the solution discussion.  And we're an ODPI member as well, and we've been for quite some time, so we were included in the press release that was released this week, and then we've had some great partnerships with hardware vendors as well as the Cisco UCS guys, and I don't know if you saw Jim McHugh mentioned us in the keynote yesterday with some of the IOT data. I think he gave a shout out to theCUBE, I heard. Yes, I think he did. Did he in his five minute keynote? Yeah, I think he did. Yeah, because he made a crowd chat with him, and he did an interview here, yeah, he's great. Yeah, and they're very successful. Those guys, their benchmark, by the way, Cisco's benchmark on your new release was really lightning fast. He got a huge buzz. Yeah, I mean, we're very appreciative of having that great relationship with Cisco and the UCS team, and it's been very fruitful, I think, for both of us. You guys are doing well, a lot of partnering going on. So another personal question. So, the event that's happening here, okay, in the hallways, what are the hallway conversations that you're hearing? So again, I think a lot of people are looking at that, what are the solutions that are being built out there, and really getting to the point where we're seeing value out of this whole big data concept. So what's really happening? What are the real world use cases, and how are people being able to drive their businesses based on being able to analyze that data? Another personal question, she said startup. So all about you, you're the guest, you're the tech athlete. Thank you for spending time with us, by the way, even though we had a lot of Splunk on our mind last night. What's your take on the startup ecosystem, because how does a startup compete in this market? It seems highly competitive. We've been talking to people and saying, there's a lot of competition. There is. What does a startup need to do to compete in your mind? It was really curious to me, coming back to the show this year, again, I've been to Strato for a few years now, and when I was first here with this analytics company, there were three or four players out there. Now I look across the floor, and there's at least 20 people doing visualizations and analytics, and I think it does come back to solving that core pain point for the customer, and what's the solution that they're really going to be able to drive? And again, moving away from the technology play to how do we really become part of the business and drive the business conversation? All right, well, thanks so much for spending the time on theCUBE, really appreciate it, good to see you. We're at theCUBE live in New York City for Big Data NYC. We'll be right back after this short break. Live from New York, it's theCUBE, covering Big Data NYC 2015. Brought to you by Hortonworks, IBM, EMC, and Pivotal, now your host, John Furrier at Georgia.


Humans don't just crave food, they crave a specific dish from a specific restaurant. We just wanted to focus on what is that irrational relationship that people have with food? Food is sort of like drugs. That's ultimately how we landed on our tagline.   We wanted to be able to like tap into a little bit more of the trippiness. We kind of ranged from CG to 2D. One of the films was scratched markings into pieces of film. One of the most standout pieces was the claymation piece that was mixed in with painted backgrounds and 2D frame by frame side characters. We were very purposeful around selecting animation styles that felt right for the experience of that particular food. We kind of focused just on emotion and not the literal experience of what eating the food looks like because food is like a deeply personal experience.


Now, let's practice a little bit with how to determine the direction of the current. I had a few videos that I had links to made by other professors that talked a little bit about conventional current versus electron flow, and I encourage you to watch those, but let's actually do some practice with it. So we've got this equation here for current, which really is just telling us how much current we have, because we've got charge and we've got time but we haven't indicated direction yet. For something which flows in a particular direction, you're going to have the amount of current and the direction of current. Really what that means is that current is actually a vector, and having vector quantities, you can represent them either with arrows, which is what we're going to do first, or using vector notation. So we're going to start out here by actually just indicating whether or not we've got positive or negative charge with the words. Then we're going to use thin blue lines to give us the direction of motion of those positive or negative charges. And finally, we will indicate the direction of the current using some thick red lines. That way, even if you're watching on a device that doesn't show you the color really well, you can see what it is we're dealing with. So let's start here with a case where I've got a positive charge moving towards the right. Well, conventional current is in the direction that the charges actually move, the positive charges. And so my current would also be listed as towards the right. Similarly, if I had a positive charge, I'm just going to copy this down here for a minute, but the positive charge was moving towards the left, then the current flow would move towards the left. Because the direction of positive charge motion and the direction of the conventional current are always in the same direction as each other. So if I've got a negative charge and it's moving towards the right, well the conventional current is actually going to be pointing in the opposite direction. So even though the flow of electrons is towards the right, we would define the direction of the current as being towards the left. And similarly, if we've got a negative charge moving towards the left, the conventional current would be moving towards the right. Because whatever direction the negative charges are moving, the conventional current is going to be opposite of that. Now that's expressing it in terms of arrows. And that's probably enough for most of you to be able to understand what you need to do on that. I'm going to go ahead and put up some vector notation here. If your class isn't using vector notation because you're watching this for a different professor, you can probably ignore the rest of this. On vector notation, this case that we have right here says that my charge is positive and I'm moving in the positive i hat direction. And when you multiply a positive and positive, you get a positive i hat and positive i hat is towards the right. If I had this case down here, I've got a positive charge but it's moving in the negative i hat direction. And so the net current flow is in the negative direction. My other two examples could be written out here in vector notation by noticing that I have a negative charge but it's moving in the positive direction. Remember the motion was the blue arrow. But this tells me the negative and the positive I'm going to have an overall negative direction for my current. And my last case here, I've got a negative charge moving in the negative direction. Again that's my blue arrow. But the negative and the negative multiply to give me out something in the positive direction which is why my current points towards the right. So you can think of it in terms of the arrows or you can think about it multiplying out the vector notation. But remember that positive charges, that's the direction of the conventional current. For a negative charge, the conventional current is going to go in the opposite direction.


The Immaculata University app is one of the latest and innovative additions that Immaculata has made to enhance the student experience. The IU app was introduced to help students navigate and balance academics, extra-curriculars, and find easy access to IU resources. In this tutorial, I will be showing you all of the benefits to having the app and how you can make it personal for your own interests. The IU app can be found on the Apple App Store and on Google Play. Once you download the app, you will use your My IU Login to create your profile, which can be updated at any time. Across the top of the home page, you will see Immaculata University and the temperature. In the upcoming events section, you can manually add events and even your class schedule once you register for classes. I will be showing you how to add an event to your agenda in a few minutes. Some of the other features on this page are notifications. If an event changes time and or location, that information can be found here. In the top right corner, you will see the icon for a QR scanner. This is going to be extremely important for you will see QR codes at most campus events. This is how you track attendance. In the top left corner of the home page, you will see three lines. Simply click on those to access a few other important features, including groups, the campus map, and calendars. To simply highlight a few popular aspects of the app on this tab, let's take a look at the groups feature. Here, you will find out about all of the clubs and organizations that we offer on campus. Once you join a group, it will populate here in the My Groups tab. Once you join the group, you will be able to see the events that the group is hosting. If you want to see what clubs and organizations Immaculata has to offer, simply click Discover and select a club to learn more. As you are becoming acclimated to campus, you are going to want to know where everything is. Back on the home page, you can also find our campus map. From here, you can toggle on the satellite view for a full layout of Immaculata's campus. By simply clicking on one of the blue bubbles, you will be able to see the name of the building, events being held there, and even walking directions. Back on the home page, you will also find your calendars. By clicking on all calendars, you will see that many departments on campus have a number of events taking place. Stay up to date on everything happening on campus under the All Calendars tab. If you always want to know what is happening on campus by the Student Life Office, you can click on the Activities calendar. You have the option to add individual events to your calendar, or you can subscribe to the entire calendar. By subscribing to the calendar, your upcoming events and agenda will be automatically updated with these events. At the bottom of the home page, you will see Community, Search, Agenda, and Resources. The Community section is used as a discussion board that is separated into categories. The one you see here is the Student Feed, which is essentially equivalent to a massive group chat with everyone on the app. The Student Feed is specifically used to get information out to bigger populations across campus, promote events, and provide university updates. In order to get these notifications, please make sure the IU app notifications in your settings are turned on. Please keep in mind that administration and students have access to the app, so be mindful of what you were posting. Another frequently used campus discussion is the Buy and Sell channel. As you will see here, students take advantage of selling used textbooks. Students have the autonomy to do this at their leisure. It is mostly used at the beginning and end of the semester. Lost and Found has also been used by our students to report something that has been found on campus. As you can see here, students post pictures and say who to contact. The housing discussion is used by both students and our residents' life staff to communicate out to residential students. You can also choose to message groups you have joined, events that you plan on attending, and guides. Guides are specifically used only for new student orientation. By choosing the search option, you will be able to search the following categories. Events, groups, buildings, resources, people, calendars, and guides. Now let's take a look at the resources section. Here you can find information about just about anything on campus. This section ranges from access to Moodle to Forms to important notice information. To highlight a few sections, you will see the student forms, COVID-19 updates, student counseling services, Title IX resources, and student life forms. We highly recommend that you take the time to explore everything the IU app has to offer. It will have a huge impact as you navigate your college experience. Thank you so much for watching. We can't wait to see you on campus.


The Cube at EMC World 2014 is brought to you by EMC. Redefine VCE, innovating the world's first converged infrastructure solution for private cloud computing. Brocade, say goodbye to the status quo and hello to Brocade. Welcome back to Las Vegas everybody. This is Dave Vellante with Jeff Frick. Nancy Majors is here. She is with Brown University. I first met Nancy over Skype. We Skype Nancy into the Wikibon Cube and had a great conversation. Brief, but very good conversation about what you guys are doing at Brown and what you're doing with data protection. So welcome to the real live Cube. Thank you. So how's EMC World going for you? It's been great. Very exciting. You come every year or what's the scoop? I try and come every other year, but yes. Yeah, okay. It's hard to make it every year. Do you do IT practitioners like yourself?  I usually do EMC World or BM World, one or the other of them. And then we do a lot of higher ed type events where we get together with other higher ed universities. Yes, specific to your industry. So what's going on at Brown these days? Paint a picture for us of the IT shop and the environment and things are booming in your business. I'm running around with my kids looking at colleges everywhere I go, their buildings are going up and there's growth, isn't there? Yes, there is. There's lots of growth. In my organization in particular, we have a lot of projects around virtualization, virtualization of the desktop. We are reaching out to across our university to gather in huge amounts of unstructured data that are out in our faculty and administrative offices, research offices where lots of unstructured data is just islands and we're trying to bring that all into our central data center and protect it and make sure that we have the right permissions and sharing and capabilities. So paint a picture of what your IT shop looks like, maybe infrastructure, applications, people. Yeah, so we have a SCT banner as our student information systems and that runs on an Oracle platform so we have some pretty big Oracle databases in supporting that. We have a lot of SQL databases supporting all sorts of applications, our medical ref goods for students, things like that. Lots of SQL databases. We have the banner, Oracle, SQL, plethora of other applications. How about the infrastructure itself? I mean you have highly virtualized, we have about 70% of our servers are running on VMware and the other 30% is running on AIX, L-Pars. So I guess you would consider that 100% virtualization if you consider the L-Pars to be virtualized. I would think they are, right? Right, yeah, so then we are 100% virtualized. So we just had a segment on virtualizing Oracle. We remember early on, I say the early on, in the early days of VMware penetrating Oracle, there was a lot of fun in the marketplace, a lot of tension, particularly amongst Oracle sales reps. We love you guys, but they didn't want VMware coming into the Oracle environment. Did you experience that and did you just sort of dam the torpedoes or were you afraid that Oracle wouldn't support it? Talk about you have to go back to physical if there's a problem, do you remember those days? So we haven't put our Oracle is still running. I was running on AIX, but we have a project to actually look at moving that now onto an Intel platform, right, as opposed to, the L-Pars are virtualized, but Oracle has no problem with that running on that type of virtual environment. So we've been doing a women in tech series this week. It's been pretty cool. John Furrier has been running it, and I don't know if your title is not storage admins, Associate Director of Disaster Recovery and Storage Services, you're the storage guy. What's it like being a woman in a storage admins world?  There's not a lot of women here. There's a lot of guys. There's no line at the ladies' room at this place. So what's it like? You know, I grew up as a UNIX admin real early on, and I won't tell you when because I'll date myself, but yeah, I've always been like one of the lone women in the IT field here, and it's interesting. It's an interesting dynamic. You have to earn the respect along the way, and it's been great for me. You've embraced it though, yeah? I have, absolutely. So talk a little bit about what you're doing in terms of protecting your data. This is sort of the conversation that we had over the Skype at Wikibon, but take us through that. Yeah, so we have a lot of different levels of protection, so on our high priority applications, we do data replication directly of the databases, and we're using EMC products for that, both Symmetrics Arrays and SRDF, as well as RecoverPoint to VNX Arrays for some of the SQL databases. So that's the real high priority stuff that we actually just replicate the data live as it's happening. We have recently implemented Isilon, and we're doing data replication of our Isilon environment too, because that's just so big I can't back it up anymore.  How do you back up a petabyte? You don't. You don't. You replicate it, so we're doing data replication of that. We also have a EMC network environment where for our nightly backup environment, and we use EMC Networker with VMware VADP combined with that to protect our VMware environment, and all of that gets stored to data domains, running DD Boost with Networker. And then additionally, we got a whole lot of data protection. We got a lot of stuff going on. Our databases, in addition to the live replication of the data, we also do nightly RMAN and SQL dumps, and those are done directly to data domain supporting RMAN and SQL. So Nancy, working it around, you get the benefit of being on kind of the cutting edge as the young kids keep coming through and all the changes that they bring and the trends that they're kind of propagating. How, obviously, Facebook was founded out of the school, Dell's founded out of the school, a lot of innovation, a lot of new processing. Are you seeing any, you know, obviously all the kids are on mobile devices, so that's probably changed some of your guys' requirements. What other kind of, either unstructured data or BYOD or other things, you know, are the kids coming through forcing you guys as a technology department to rethink and change the way you deliver services to that constituency? Absolutely, you know, it's constantly changing, that we're constantly trying to meet whatever need, you know, whatever they're, whatever we can to help make their experience at the university more enriched one. It's really engaging the students and getting them involved with us at the Central Computing Department for us to work with them to help them get better services so that we can give them better services and understand how things are evolving for them in education. You know, what about just the literary platform? It's like, is the kids don't use email anymore? Do they use it when they go to school? Yeah, that email is still our official means of communicating, we're a Google shop, though, so we use Google email, but it's good. So Jeff and I were at Service Now Knowledge last week and Frank Slutman, former CEO of Data Domain, gave a talk and he was talking about how the CIO's got to become sort of a business leader and sort of putting forth a prescription that the CIO has to really drive business, maybe come from the business. It's interesting to hear you talk about your CIO. I mean, it's really not the business, but kind of is the business, right? Came from the side of the house that is driving the requirements. So what's that been like? It's very different for us. It's the first time that I can remember us having a CIO that's on the faculty and it's a different energy and it's good. It makes us more focused on the students and their needs. I wonder if we could talk about the organizational issues around DBAs and storage folks, right? Yeah. Well, you know, DBA is a tough bunch, right? Yeah. They don't really trust anybody and they don't want you messing with the data and they want to know what's going on. They want visibility and you say I got a cover that's backed up, they don't accept that necessarily. I wonder if you could talk about that organizational tension. Have you experienced that in your career and how are you addressing that? Yeah, so back when we were implementing the data domain solution for Arman, previous to that, you know, the DBAs would run a backup of, they would still run Arman and they would put it to a local disk that a sand drive. And then it was the storage team's responsibility to take what they put out on that drive and put it into a network or backup catalog. And you know, it was really cumbersome because they didn't like, you know, they would have to go through a two-step process if they ever needed to go and recover data that was older than a couple of days old and they didn't have the visibility into the catalog to do that, so it was a cumbersome thing. When we moved them onto the data domain, they were able to keep their entire catalog of their backups within the Arman and not having to go out to another product to access that. The DBAs, like you said, they're a different bunch. They want to know where their data is. They want to know that they have the right performance going to that data and they want to know that it's protected in the way that they think is appropriate. And that's a reasonable thing for them to want, you know? I mean, that's, you know, if you're the owner of the data, you should have expectations and the storage team should do their best to work with you to meet those expectations. And that's what we really did with the data domain and giving them the visibility into their backups and making sure that they had what they needed. But that really is the key, is visibility and it's been hard historically to give that visibility. So talk specifically about what the data domain infrastructure did that allowed you to provide that visibility and then I got a follow up. So we no longer had to do that two step process where they would do the backup and then we would take it off into another backup system. Which was a black hole. Which was a black hole to them and it didn't, you know, we couldn't do that locally because it was too, way too cost prohibitive to give them enough disk space to hold a six week catalog of backups, you know? But once deduplication came along and once we got good performance on that deduplication, both network speeds and the processing of the dedu it really opened up the gates for a whole new way of looking at. So is it fair to say it didn't necessarily directly affect the DBA productivity but it created a sense of comfort that they maybe didn't have before? Right, yeah, well in some ways it had their productivity too because for our DBAs they now had their full catalog of backups accessible to them from any system. So if they didn't have a snapshot or something of a database and they wanted to bring one up in another environment they could just quickly do an RMAN restore from any place, from any of their servers because they all have access to the backed up data from all of the other ones. So how has it affected your relationship? Did they bake you a cake? I think we had a little data domain party actually. We did, we all had a celebration after that. That's great. So what's next for you guys? What's on the horizon, the roadmap? Icelon's our big thing right now. I'm neck deep in implementing Icelon for our campus. We are happy to be rolling out about a half a petabyte of usable storage to get all of those islands of unstructured data that are under people's desks across campus and get those into a well-managed environment in our data center. And a lot of that is so-called unstructured data, is that right? It's all unstructured data. Are you dabbling in Hadoop at this point? Or Hadoop, an HDFS? Oh, Hadoop, no, well, so we've been walking around the show here in the hall a lot about a Hadoop and I was talking to my guys and we were saying, I'm like, we know that at some point this is going to be, we're going to have the requirement to provide a Hadoop file system and the capabilities of Hadoop. We just don't know what that is. So we're trying to get a good idea of what we would want to do when that requirement comes at us. What would we want to deploy to meet those requirements? Okay, thanks for coming on theCUBE. Ananshi, last question. So you come here every other year, you sort of swap VM, so you won't be at VMworld this year, right? Probably not, no. Okay, so what's the takeaway from you? What's the bumper sticker as the bus is leaving the hotel or the conference center? What's your takeaway of the snapshot? My favorite thing of VMCworld this year, Icelon, I love Icelon. I got to tell you, Icelon's my new number one. Data domain and Icelon. I don't like that. I love that, I love that. I'm so great about it, the simplicity. It's, yeah, scalability, simplicity, deduplication, performance, everything that you want in a file system and that's pretty much it. We watched the ascendancy of Icelon when they were a private company and then became a public company and consistent feedback that they just, that whole notion of a global namespace and simplifying file based storage is a good move by EMC picking those guys up. It's a big part of their business now and growing very rapidly. All right, Nancy, thanks again for coming to theCUBE. It was great to meet you face to face and keep it right there, everybody. We'll be back with our next guest. This is theCUBE, we're live from EMCworld 2014. This is theCUBE.


ready to meditate? I'm Margo with CalTV Entertainment and today I'm gonna be teaching you all a few meditation rituals to hopefully help you release some of that stress and anxiety. First things first, location. You really can meditate just about anywhere but I recommend that if possible try and get outside somewhere beautiful in the sunshine. I find that it really helps you dial in and let go of some of that negative energy that you might be carrying with you in other spaces. I also really recommend lighting an incense while you meditate. Aromatherapy is the holistic healing practice of using plant extracts and essentially scents to produce a variety of different kinds of effects. Some of my favorites for meditation are sage which has cleansing properties, peppermint which helps with focus, and lavender which I'll be using today which is known for its calming effects. The first meditation ritual that I'm going to teach you all is super simple so go ahead and get comfy and like your incense and then we're going to want to do is focus your attention on the trail of smoke as it leaves your incense and floats upwards and as you're noticing the types of patterns that the smoke makes if any thoughts enter your head and briefly acknowledge them and then set them aside. There's going to be plenty of time later to address them but for now all you need to do is completely immerse yourself in this experience of watching the smoke waft and curl and billow upwards. Now I want to introduce you guys to two crystals which are phenomenal for healing stress and anxiety. The first amethyst is known for helping control anxiety attacks and alleviating insomnia. Amethyst helps us understand what is causing the root of our stress so that we can find tranquility. We also have rose quartz which is known for helping balance emotions. I know that as Cal students we tend to be pretty hard on ourselves and rose quartz has a very gentle energy that can help to counteract some of that pressure and stress that we sometimes experience. You can find these crystals and so many more in your local metaphysical store. I really recommend going in and just noticing which crystals you find yourself drawn to. That's usually a pretty good indication that you could actually benefit and even potentially heal from the energy of that crystal. Now it's really important especially when you first get your crystals to make sure to charge them. There's all different kinds of ways that you can do this. You can use sunlight, moonlight, solar eclipses, water, so much more but today I'm going to teach you all a really simple way using just your breath.  I hope you all learned something new and now see meditation as a resource that you can always utilize. This has been Margo with CalTV Entertainment.


Good morning, everyone. It is a real pleasure to welcome you to the second day. Can everyone hear me? Yes, OK, good. The mic is on. To welcome you to the second day of Daniel's conference of the Cambridge International World Journal. And this is a particular pleasure because it brings fond memories from seven years ago when we organized the first annual conference and by we, I mean the Cambridge PhD law students. And I have to say I'm very impressed by how much progress has been made in these seven years, starting from the conference facts to the organization, to the fact that we're being videoed, and also by the fact that you thought of inviting people to present the keynote speakers and chair panels, which is something we hadn't thought of seven years ago, so we had to do it all by ourselves. So without further ado, it is a real honor to present to you a colleague and a friend, Professor Jorge Vinoales, who doesn't really need presentations, so I'm going to make it very brief. So Professor Vinoales is the chair of law and environmental policy here at the University of Cambridge, and he is the founder of the Cambridge Center for Environment, Energy, and Natural Resource Governance. In addition to being an academic, Professor Vinoales is also very actively engaged in practice. He is the chairman of the compliance committee of the UNWHO Protocol on Water and Health. He is the director general of the Latin American Society of International Law, and he also acts as of counsel for the leave. I don't have enough time to go through all of Professor Vinoales' publications, so I'll just highlight that he has published extensively in the areas of environmental law and development, international economic and investment law, and most recently, he is working on a book on the international law of energy. So I pass the floor on to Jorge, who has one hour, and I will be timing you. OK, that's good. Thanks very much, Rumi, and let me just pick my phone so I have a, oh yeah, it's fine. I use it, the usual one. I have a two-minute sense, so don't worry. That's good. So thank you very much, Rumi, for this kind of presentation. It's really a pleasure to be here, and actually, I'm often here in this place giving lectures, but it's a pleasure to be here in this capacity. And I would like to thank also Patrick and Cara for the kind invitation. So given the fact that this is the second day that we have a wonderful dinner and good wine yesterday, I will be speaking in a more informal way if you don't mind. The point of my presentation can be, hopefully, explained in simple terms by making a detour. And this detour, hopefully, is not going to delay the presentation, but take us right to the core of it. And the detour starts with my own collection of international law books. Actually, each time that I'm traveling, I'm traveling quite a lot. When I have time, I go on to a sort of old antique bookshop and try to find books, old books, old textbooks of international law. And I have a collection in my office, and you'll see what a boring guy. But I do have that collection. And one thing that is striking in the books in the late 19th century, and I have a specific example in mind, is this example is called Principios de Direto Internacional that I bought in Tomar in Portugal a few years ago. It's a book of 1865 by Antonio de Rosa Gama Lowe, the professor at the Military Academy. And one thing that is striking about these books is that they are all divided in the law of war and the law of peace. And most of the developments are devoted to the laws of war. Of course, one from today, one could criticize that, saying, well, what a weird distinction, the laws of war and the laws of peace. Today, most international law is about the laws of peace. And we no longer call it the laws of peace, we just call it international law. But that would be an anachronism, right? I mean, we would not be fair to the people writing at the time if it were to try to find in those books international environmental law or international economic law. I mean, what you would find there, well, perhaps you'll find some developments on the most favored nation clause, but basically the laws of peace are treaties and consular and diplomatic relations. So this suma divisio between the laws of war and the laws of peace made sense at the time because of the very important place occupied by war in international law. I can give you another example of suma divisio that will sound a little bit artificial, but that has another historical explanation. You may have heard about the laws of the non-navigational uses of international watercourses. That's a very peculiar way of structuring a subject, looking at water and seeing navigational and non-navigational instead of seeing navigation used for energy, used for agriculture, used for human vital needs, et cetera, et cetera. It's a strange division, but again, it is explained by the fact that historically, watercourses were used for navigation. So when they started to talk about other things, other uses of watercourses, they just called them non-navigational uses. And that's how the topic entered into the international locomissions agenda and then into a treaty of 1997. At this point, I guess that you already have in mind what I'm trying to get to, which is a fact that we're talking about state factors and non-state factors. And what does that mean? Well, that means basically that, I guess, two things. First, that in our conception today, international law is really about states predominantly. And that we feel, even when we're trying to study other phenomena, we feel that non-state factors can be all conflated into one single category, a sort of default category, with everything else. You have states, and then you have everything else. And that everything else can go from a people trying for self-determination to an individual fighting for his or her human rights, to a corporation investing in some country, to the ICRC trying to defend people in a conflict situation, and so on. So it is to international organizations, to the UN, for instance. So it is really a, excuse me, my traveling has taken a toll on me. So it is quite peculiar, although we don't see it as peculiar, because we are used to it. Now, in time, I think that it's going to be seen as peculiar, as we now see as peculiar the fact that the writers in the late 19th century and even some current books, such as Oppenheim's Treaties on International Law, are still divided in peace and war. Now, using that suma di visio, basically using the suma di visio between states and non-states is not entirely innocuous. It's not, it comes at a price. And what I would like to see is basically, I would like to try to clarify what that price is and try to see what is behind that suma di visio. I would like to clarify when we speak about international law and non-state actors, what type of inquiries we are conducting, what type of research frames we have in mind. And my proposition for today is going to be that we have two types of inquiries in mind, one which is very much affected by the sort of gravity pool of states and the other that hopefully is not and will not be affected by it. So in other terms, I'm trying to flag and hopefully start to correct what could be called not an anachronism. So you know that an anachronism is when you plug into the past present categories to understand realities of the past. That may be useful, but at some point, the categories of the present that you plug into the past, that you project into the past, at some point instead of clarifying the past, start to obscure the past. They are making violence to the past. The same thing, I would say, happens with broad categories such as suma di visio, such as states and non-states. And I would like to show ways in which we are projecting that sort of conception of international law, which is state-centered, and to what extent our research on non-state actors is, in fact, at, I would say, 80%, it is basically framed in state terms. So what are those two sort of areas of inquiry that arise from this suma di visio? Well, the first, which is the one that we are, most of us are practicing and we are applying, is basically an exploration and analysis, an examination of the extent to which certain norms that were designed for states can be either applied to non-states by extension or can be used to develop new norms for non-states by analogy. And I will give you plenty of examples. Excuse me, I'm not a change of temperature from my Argentina trip. I just came back from Argentina one day ago. So the second category that I will be looking at, so I presented two categories and then I will discuss each of them by reference with a number of examples. The second category is basically one that tries to avoid the anachronism that is not projecting the law of states into non-states, but that is actually looking at non-states without preconceptions shaped by the law of states. It's looking at entities and trying to see how the operation of those entities generates normativity. And why that may be useful. So I will give you also many examples. And you will see, hopefully, that the examples are not just new examples, they are old and new. You have many, very old, many classic examples of both inquiries. So let me get into the first inquiry, which is the projection of the law of states into non-states. This is, I would say, most of what people do these days. When people talk about and study and explore and write about non-state actors, 80% of the time, what they are doing is actually to project the law of states into non-states. How can that be projected? Well, I give you some classical examples and then I will give you some newer examples, so more current policy issues. But the classical examples may start with the famous reparations advisory opinion that Olivier the Scooter actually referred to yesterday. It is a very well-known case. Basically, you have the General Assembly of the United Nations requesting an advisory opinion to the ICJ because of what happened to an envoy of the UN in Israel, actually a person, a count Bernadotte, that was murdered by an extremist group. And the UN actually is asking a few questions to the General Assembly, and the General Assembly will provide an advisory opinion that's going to provide, at the same time, the groundwork for the theory of international organization from a legal perspective, so the subjectivity of international organization. And already in that advisory opinion of 1949, you see the two techniques through which the law of states is being projected into non-states. One technique is by extension, is to apply norms that usually are applied to states to non-states. And the other is by analogy, is to actually look at norms that are developed for states and to create a similar and analogous category for non-states. So in this case, the extension is provided by the question of legal personality. To what extent the UN has a legal personality and the ICJ will say that not every subject of international law has the same scope and that some subjects have the full scope, some of the subjects have a narrower scope defined by the principle of specialty, whereas the extension, sort of, this is the extension, sort of technique of projecting, whereas the analogy technique of projecting is given by the concept of functional protection. So the court will say at that time, international organizations cannot exercise diplomatic protection for one of their agents, but they can exercise something which is akin to diplomatic protection, which is called functional protection, whereas diplomatic protection has to be exercised by the state of nationality. These two techniques, projection by extension and projection by analogy are very common. And still keeping with the classical examples of how these techniques have been used for non-state actors, let me give you a few more examples. I will give you just as a matter of symmetry two examples for extension and two examples for analogy. I will try to pick major examples, not just tiny ones. Now one example, let's look at extension first. On extension, a typical example is the sovereignty of peoples. So the permanent sovereignty over natural resources that was recognized in Resolution 1803 in 1962 as a sort of addendum to the law of decolonization to provide economic independence. Now that concept of peoples sovereignty over the natural resources is of course an extension of the concept of territorial sovereignty or of the state's sovereignty over its natural resources. And who else but states could be sovereign? And the reason why peoples are deemed sovereign in that case is that they are about to become states. Okay, so this is a way in which, I mean I could push the example further, but this is a classical example of extension, of the extension technique to a non-state actor, peoples. Another example of the extension technique is something that I think is going to be discussed further today, I was discussed to some extent yesterday, which is basically the application of international humanitarian law using bellow to armed groups. I mean, to make it less controversial I would say, to organized armed groups on the basis of the Martins' Clause, comma, article three of the Geneva Conventions and of protocol two of protocol two to the Geneva Conventions for non-international armed conflict. So it is without question that to some extent international humanitarian law applies to non-state actors, to armed groups, treat below and customize below. But that is again another sort of classical extension. This is the law that has been developed for states and it's being simply applied by extension to non-state, okay? Let me give you now two examples. We're always in the sort of range of examples that are classical, two examples of analogy and I will go quicker here because it is very, very well known. As you know, the International Law Commission has done a lot of work on the law of treaties concluded by international organizations or between international organizations and states and there is even a Vienna Convention of 1986 that is not enforced, that looks at the specific rules governing the law of treaties that are not between states, but between states and international organizations or between international organizations. If you look at the work of the International Law Commission and at the Vienna Convention, it is not copy pasted but closed. So it is very, very, very close. I mean, it was the eminent Paul Reuter who did that work for the International Law Commission so it's not criticism. The main difference is basically a treaty-making powers which international organizations have struck the difference. And the same and the second example is is a law of the responsibility of international organizations. So the responsibility of international organizations, the draft articles that were developed by George Ogaya by the International Law Commission in 2011, they rely very heavily on the ILC articles on state responsibility. I would say that these articles are, they differ more, I mean, relatively speaking, they are a bit more innovative. If you look at part five of those articles, which basically concerns the responsibility of a state for an act attributable to an international organization. So that part five is much more specific and you will not find it in the ILC articles. But all the rest is fairly close to the ILC articles on state responsibility. You will even find all the same circumstances precluding wrongfulness. So it's quite, so you see that here you're not extending. You're not applying the law of treaties between states or the law of state responsibility to international organizations. What you're doing is to use it and extend it by analogy. So you're just, so this is a typical way of projecting these are the sort of the classical cases, the classical examples. There are closer to us some newer examples that are a bit more controversial. I would just flag four of them in passing just to give you a flavor. And what I'm trying to do here is just to show you how pervasive, how widespread is this idea of projection, okay? Of projecting the law of states into non-states. So first example, well, to take up the example that I was mentioning earlier and something that Olivier was discussing yesterday as well, which is human rights obligations of certain non-state actors, particularly corporations or some armed groups, particularly non-organized armed groups. So here you have a little bit more controversy. There is nothing preventing from them. I mean, legally there is nothing preventing a non-state actor from having an obligation, think of war crimes, for instance.  So legally, there is nothing illegal technique that would prevent a non-state actor from having an obligation, but this is a typical question that is much debated these days. Another example would be the extent to which states can exercise self-defense against a non-state actor. That was discussed yesterday about my presentation and that was addressed to some extent and actually excluded to some extent by the National Court of Justice in the World Advisory Board of 2004. So, but this is an open question. I mean, it's a debated question. I mean, my personal view is that it's not possible that the rule of self-defense will not apply against a non-state actor. So you will need some form of attribution of the armed attack to the non-state actor to a state where it is the non-state actor is based. But it's a debate, it's a typical projection, projection of the law of states into non-states. Third example, to what extent a group, I wouldn't say a people because this is more complicated, but to what extent a group can violate the principle of territorial integrity. So you may remember the Kosovo Advisory Opinion where the court actually, I don't want to be too controversial here, but I think that the reasoning in that advisory opinion is very weak or it is very smart to avoid answering the question. So it is perhaps not weak because it's weak, but simply there was no other way to reach the conclusion they didn't want to reach. So to avoid the conclusion they didn't want to reach. And basically what the court is saying is there is no violation of territorial integrity because a state is not acting and the UN is not acting. So this assembly is a private actor. What it is exactly, not sure, is it the people not sure I'm not saying that's not the question, what is it? Well, it's a group of people. And as a group of people you cannot violate the principle of territorial integrity. So you see the, again, the thinking is in terms of the law of states and the projection into the law of non-states. And a final example, closer to the area that I teach here in Cambridge, is the environmental standards. To what extent these environmental standards can apply to non-state actors such as, not just corporations. I mean international environmental norms. I mean not just domestic law, but international environmental norms to what extent they govern the activities of either an investor or perhaps the activities of the World Bank or the International Finance Corporation or the Green Climate Fund or any funder, any regional development bank that actually is lending money to someone who is perhaps by developing a project violating a number of environmental standards. And the answer to that of course will be that they have their own operational guidelines. So what they would be potentially violating is the operational guidelines. But when you look at the sources of the content of the operational guidelines, it's always the real declaration of 1982. So you see that both old and new, I would argue that 80% of what we're doing when we're discussing the situation of non-state actors is to look at the law of states and projected into non-states by either analogizing or extending the application of the law of states into non-states. That's entirely fine, that's entirely fine as long as we know that we are committing a sort of anachronism, not an anachronism but that we are projecting a category that was developed for states into non-states. So in many cases, that projection by the very fact that the initial category was developed for states, that projection will not find a correspondence in reality. It will obscure reality rather than clarifying reality. And that is something that sometimes we need to do for a very simple reason that most of the international law has been developed for states. So if we are really to apply international law, we are supposed to be looking at international law as it is. So it's normal that we do that type of inquiry. What is not normal is that we do that type of inquiry without knowing what we're doing. And it's very important to know that what we're doing is to project state categories into non-state entities. And by doing that, we are making violence to non-state entities. We are not recognizing their specific features. We are not looking at them as they are. We are looking at them as if they were to what extent they could be treated as states. Now, the second area of inquiry is of course less frequent. I mean, just to give you a rough, very rough and not quantitative, not quantitatively studied estimation, I would say that the projection type of work occupies between 80 and 90% of research, basically. So if you look, if you want to go into the non-projection work, basically those types of words that do look at non-state actors, not as non-state actors, but as entities, without calling them, without seeing them as non-state actors, but just as entities on their own right, on their own specificity. So that type of research is 10%. And I would say that even less because most of it is political science related. So without real legal content. And it is very interesting because you sort of find some form of normativity there, some form of patterns of governance, but the political science literature is not engaging or not engaging properly with the law. And this is something that every international lawyer should know how to do. And unfortunately these days, I think that there is a trend towards a sort of abandoning international law as if something uninteresting, too technical, too boring, too doctrinal. It is entirely fine to do whatever type of interdisciplinary research you want to do. I do a lot of that. But you are the only ones who will master the technology. If you surrender the technology, if you're not comfortable with the technology of international law, then no one else will. An economist will not do that. A physicist will not do that. Political science will not be able to do that. So that type of research should add the dimension of law as well, I think. And I will give you a few examples of areas where that type of research is being conducted. One is going to be very simple. And again, I mean, I'm trying to give classic examples and new examples, but let me give you a very classic example. So one area of research where this sort of non-projective approach is being conducted is when you actually, when your purpose, your research purpose is precisely not to be distracted, not to be misled by the state screen, okay? And a very classical example of that is international criminal law. There are no crimes of state, okay? There are norms that can be violated. There may be an aggravated responsibility, but there are technically no crimes of state. So the development of international criminal law was by opposition, by contrast with the state screen. It is the opposite to projection. It's a classical example. It is a classical example, but it is typically, is taking into account the specificities of the conduct of war, for instance, and the fact that it is a person who is adopting or making a decision. It is a Kaiser. It is the future. It is a dictator that is actually taking the decision. And that was the approach that was developed starting with the Treaty of Versailles in 1920. In the closer to us category, I would give you one example that is very, very exploratory, which is basically the law of transnational city cooperation. There is a lot of discussion these days about what type of law is being made by cooperation among cities, particularly in connection with climate change. And a typical example would be how do you structure from an international legal perspective the linking under Article 6, I think, of the Paris Agreement between the cap and trite system of California and Quebec? Is that an international treaty? Well, of course not, because California cannot conclude an international treaty. To what extent that is an agreement? To what extent that is international law? Well, in fact, you're going, I mean, there are legal instruments that are used for that, but this is really there. You're trying to move away from the state screen and trying to look at the entities as they are and their activities and operations as they manifest themselves. So you're trying to conduct a sort of phenomenology of the law, of the legal phenomenon. This is one area where you really want to avoid to be distracted by the state screen or by the state projective categories. The second area is when you want to capture certain phenomena of normativity that are not easily captured by the sort of projection from states. I give you one example. There is a world between hard laws of law, a world. There are so many things between hard laws of law and if we project these categories of hard laws of law, which are based on the idea of consent of the state. So they are based on the idea of projection. If we actually disregard this idea of consent, we are in a way, we get rid of it to some extent and look phenomenologically at the different forms of normativity, you will capture many other forms of normativity and I will give you one which is a major form that these days, just one example, or it's actually one category of examples, which is what my colleague, Jos Pauly has called informal lawmaking. It is what many other people have talked about that, but it's really an issue of, you have the ISO, you have the International Bar Association, you have plenty of private institutions making standards that have a lot of influence in practice. I just think for those practicing arbitration, the IBA guidelines on the taking of evidence that are applied systematically. Or if you want something even more peculiar, the red firm schedules that they're used for document production requests. So this kind of thing that arise from nowhere, basically, from nowhere in terms of law and that have a huge influence, they will not be able to be, you will not be able to capture their operation by thinking in terms of hard laws of law or by projecting this idea of state consent, absence of state consent. Third and last example of ways in which one can take into account the specificity of an entity without projecting the law of state is when you actually want to deconstruct the law of state. And then I will give you an example from a younger colleague, which is I guess probably one of the most brilliant PhD thesis that I haven't seen in my career, which is Mabadou Javier's thesis, Souvranete Par-treté, which won the, was awarded the Guggenheim Prize. And it's basically a historical study for five centuries in seven languages of all the agreements that were conducted by colonial powers with local entities. And it's basically showing that what most of the people who write about the history of international law and even the international court of justice when, for instance, in the Western Sahara advisory opinion, it is interpreting the legal nature of this agreement are basically wrong. So what you're trying to, what Mabadou is trying to deconstruct is the fact that these agreements were actually seen by both parties, the local entity and the colonial power as treaties. Even though the writers of the time would not accept the idea that there were treaties, and even though the fact, even though that the International Court of Justice would say, well, these treaties cannot come for Souvranete because these local entities cannot have Souvranete. The only effect of these local entities is to have ties with the territory that make that territory not a resnuluse, but it doesn't mean that they had Souvranete. So they couldn't come for Souvranete. What Mabadou is actually showing through this very detailed study is that basically that's incorrect. That's incorrect. If you really want to take into account the practice of five centuries, not what people were saying in their treatise of international law, what colonial powers and local entities were doing, if you really pay attention to that, and it's a lot of work to pay attention to that, well, you will see that the law was very different from the normative accounts of the law that you would find in books. The approach that you have there is to really take into account the specificity of those local entities instead of plug into them, instead of committing a clear anachronism in that case, is to plug into them the idea of a state and say, well, a state is this, where they states at the time, no, they were not states, so they could not come for Souvranete. So what Mabadou is saying is okay, that idea is wrong because at the time the law was different. The fact that they were not states didn't mean that they were not recognized by states as being able to come for Souvranete by treaty. So you see that there are many ways in which you can sort of give back to reality its own features to actually characterize it in a way that instead of obscuring reality, you clarify reality. So there are ways to get closer to the topography of what we're calling very broadly non-state actors and by doing that, you can actually sometimes do very important work because of course, I mean, for instance, the work by Mabadou would completely change a number of the result of a number of territorial disputes as little as that. So my point here again is not to say that it is wrong or it is ambiguous or it is inaccurate to project the categories of the law of states into non-states. This is mostly what we do. I do that same as well. I mean, we all do these things for a very simple reason. Most of international law is state centered and by that, I don't mean that it's providing powers to states and so on. It's simply that it was developed with the state in mind. The state is a white elephant in the room. So it is only natural that we're actually paying attention to that law and projecting it into non-states, this sort of default category. But it is very, very, very important when we're doing that to keep in mind that to some extent we are projecting into reality, into a reality that is not a state, categories that were built for a different reality. And in some cases that may not be a problem, for instance, the law of treaties between international organizations, you can almost copy-paste a convention of treaties and it's not a big issue. In some other cases, such as the case that I just gave you about the entity and the powers of local entities in the colonization period, that is a huge problem. So you really have to know, the main point is know what you're doing when you're doing it. So that's what I wanted to share with you. Perhaps this conference can actually serve, I understand that you're going to publish a journal issue. Perhaps that this conference can serve to actually clarify that these types of inquiries are very different and that this is not a merely theoretical point, that actually it can have very practical implications. As Rumi was saying, I'm a professor but I'm a practitioner as well. I'm much more a professor than a practitioner. I left practice, a full-time practice years ago. But I do believe that theory should have some purchase on reality. And if it does not have any purchase on reality, we should be doing something else. Thank you very much for your attention.


We've set up applause as a content and IP creation studio. I'm really bullish about this whole, the way the whole content space is headed. It's really exciting times. There are now soon going to be a billion screens out there. So there's TV, there's film and now there's the whole digital mobile internet screen and all of these screens and all of these people need to be fed with content. So there's huge opportunity there. So applause has been really created to act on that opportunity. So that's what we are focused on. We are focused on creating in the first instance, do a lot of series, digital series, work on movies, work on some live events, music, that kind of thing. That's the plan really, create content, invest in the creation of the content, own the IP and look to distribute the content to consumers through the digital networks that exist.


Yohimbine hydrochloride supplement review. Hey, what's up guys, it's Josh here. Today I want to do a little review on this Yohimbine by Bulk Stimulants. Now, this is like getting off a little tangent here, but Bulk Stimulants have kind of switched up their repertoire. They no longer carry DMAA, DMHA, or Ampsitrate, and they've kind of jumped over to the more normal stimulants like Yohimbines. Now I have reviewed their Alpha Yo from Bulk Stimulants before, and that's essentially Roskalin. I think that's how you pronounce it. And that is essentially, I think it's Yohimbine, but it's just like altered in a way, or it's like the A version of Yohimbine. So it's almost exactly the same. Now, Roskalin, I've absolutely just loved. Now I've tried several energy blend mixes that have Roskalin in it. And every single time that I have, it's always just been next level. There's an extra little bit of excitement and fun that I get from taking a supplement that has Roskalin. Once they sent me that Alpha Yo, I was pretty much having the same effects. Now, normally in supplements, they keep Roskalin very low, so I'd never try to high dose. When I got the Roskalin from these guys, I tried a lot of one scoops from here and there. One time I tried two scoops, I didn't like it. Yohimbine and Roskalin are notorious for being very, very potent. And there's this very small window where they have this great effect. And I think if you go over that, it's just very, very anxious because they're very, very potent. Like Roskalin is active at two milligrams and Yohimbine is active at three milligrams. The Roskalin, the Alpha Yo, now that was a little bit diluted. Roskalin is active at two milligrams, but I think they diluted it, so I don't know. You could take a little bit of a bigger scoop. And I wish they did that with this here because three milligrams is just so small. It's very, very dangerous. And especially when you have this little scooper here, it's like, I don't know if that's gonna be three milligrams. Like, what if that ends up being like 10 and that's like three times the dose and I get anxiety. So I was actually very, very careful when I tried this stuff and it also comes in a little dope baggie like this. Like imagine when you saw this on the side of the road. Like I am so glad.  Again, like scary potent. Like I even putting this on my finger, it's like I would probably put way more than three milligrams. So I wouldn't want it to absorb. So as far as the effects of this stuff, guys, now I've tried this probably about four or five different times and I don't really get too much of a noticeable benefit. Now again, I am a little bit scared with this dosage. I'm scared to, you know, put two scoops in. I probably need a milligram scale just to make sure I'm putting the right amount in. One of the times I was wondering if I took too much and I felt a little anxious, but I don't know if that was in my head just worrying that I took too much. But I don't really get that typical alpha-yohimbine or that Roskaline feeling off this from the times that I did try it. And I'm just afraid because it's so concentrated, you know, maybe instead of three milligrams make it, you know, diluted. So the scooper's like 30 milligrams or like 15 milligrams. So, you know, it's not so easy to have too much of this stuff because I was a little bit afraid. But I do want to say guys, from the times that I've taken this, I was not as impressed as with the Roskaline. I could have sworn up taking your hembine in the past. And I never really noticed or remembered anything special, however, with the Roskaline, I totally noticed it. And again, I will be trying this more in the future. Maybe I tried the wrong dose or maybe this just isn't effective for me. But I really, really recommend that Roskaline or alpha-yoh if you're interested in this. It's a very good stimulant. It makes you feel a little bit better. And I think these are also very, very potent fat burners. So if you're looking for a fat burning stimulant, this is another one that's very good. I've also seen some supplements that carry both like a little bit of Roskaline, a little bit of this. That might be good too. Anyways guys, let me know what you think of yo hembine. Let me know what you think of Roskaline or whatever that it is, alpha-yoh hembine. I'll be very sure to see. We're on the road to 50,000 subscribers and I couldn't do without any of you guys. Hope you guys are the best. Having a great day out here. Hopefully having a great day at home. See you all in the next video. Peace.


Now I've got the solar panels that'll actually go on there, and the four solar panels that will be on the piece out here, or maybe out there, I don't know, they're the same. And I adjusted them so the connectors aren't touching each other and they're all in good spots to like kind of fit together. So I have to take these, two of them, put them on there, see where the hinges line up. I flipped it over because I think I want the hinges on that side on this one. Just because. Alright, this side looks like it's pretty much where it should be. So I need to make hinges to fit this. The pivot point right in the middle there. Oh, look. So nice having a spot on the boat that's in the shade. And you know what? When those two side flaps are on, if I just like slap them both down, they'll be like this.  Oh, that's going to be excellent. Oh, I just realized I want to be able to fold this side down first or the other side down first. So I'm going to have to make the hinges give a little bit of space so that if the other sides fold it down, there's enough space in there for it to be there. Yeah. So just have a little bit. I think of my total hinge height is seven centimeters. That should be plenty. And the hinge pin right at three and a half. And I'll use my, what are they called? Rivet leave-ins. I have stainless steel rivets I've been using. And these end up being the garbage. So I'm going to use these as the hinge pins. Seven centimeters is about there. Yeah. That leaves me so I can have a little bit of extra space in there. Good. I think I'll use this little lip here to wrap around the hinge pin. So three and a half centimeters there. Maybe cut those that big. I don't know how big I made those. All right. I think I got the technique now. Yeah. This should be not very difficult to make. Test this from this side. Oh, that's great. Do that three more times. I just got my last hinges on there. And I ended up taking these top flaps and offsetting them this way a little. Because when the solar panels are attached here, that will keep the connectors off the ribs. So I don't have to leave any space for them then. Because they'll just fit in the space between the ribs. So originally they would end up right on the ribs. So now this is moved this way. They'll end up in the space. Beauty! Now how do I attach the solar panels? Probably going to rivet them on. I don't know. I'm going to think about it. And what else? Oh, there's a little bit of space on the front that I need to cover. So the middle row of solar panels is longer because I used the one glass solar panel. And on the back here, the top row is just offset back. So that covers this one that's sticking out a bit. So I'll need to put a little piece on the front. That's not a big deal though. Yeah. So I guess next is figuring out how to attach these solar panels. Then I have to figure out how I'm going to hold these in place. Because this has to go like that over there. And then this one comes right here. And somehow it has to stay where I put it. With some poles with adjustable thingyizers or something. I don't know yet. I think it's dinner time right now. I can figure out all the rest later.