Hey everyone, before we get into this episode of Prime News, I want to remind you to enter our Animal Crossing New Horizons giveaway. To enter the giveaway, all you need to do is comment on this video, like it, subscribe to the channel and hit that bell icon. You can enter on every single video we do for this entire month up through March 18th. The winner will be announced on March 19th and it will be a digital code. The winner will be announced on March 19th. Our first story of the day is actually about E3. The creative direction company for the floor of E3 has resigned. Very weird. Let's get into what they had to say. It is with mixed emotions that IM8Bit has decided to resign as creative directors of what was to be an evolutionary E3 2020 floor experience. We produced hundreds of gaming and community events and it was a dream to be involved with E3. We wish the organizers the best of luck. We don't know why they dropped out, we don't know if it's concerns over health, but we know they just dropped out and they have organized a lot of events for a lot of different companies from Nintendo, Microsoft, Sony, EA, Bethesda, etc. They've done things like the PlayStation Experience in the past. So they have a very impressive resume, although some fans have noted the floor experiences that they do tend to not be necessarily the most impressive experiences. Maybe they've gotten better over time, I'm not sure, I'm just going off of what other people have said. I've never personally experienced one of IM8Bit's floor experiences, but we don't really know why they backed out of E3. Maybe they've just presumed that E3 is going to be canceled, maybe other companies are contemplating behind the scenes of dropping out of E3. So I don't know, it could be a blow to E3, it could also be E3s getting canceled anyway, so it doesn't really matter. But yeah, the ESA obviously can't be happy with this news, maybe there's some stuff going on behind the scenes. Obviously we know Jeff Keely, who's been a big part of E3 for 25 years, is not participating this year, which is, you know, some of you guys might not care, but he has been a big presenter for the show for a long time. So I don't know, we'll have to keep hoping that E3 is even going to happen, but this is obviously not something the ESA probably wanted to happen as they probably knew about this before it was publicly announced. The Outer World on Switch is going to have a feature that is really needed and we should be thankful for. So Nate, one of the game UI designers for this game and obviously a developer for Obsidian has come out to post on Twitter proof that he has specifically been working on a scalar for the text in the game. Yes, folks, you might think what's the big deal about a scalar for text? Well when you take a game that's very text heavy like an RPG and you throw it on a system like Switch, there seems to always be some text issues at times where the text is just too small to read for a lot of people. Now I haven't had this issue personally, especially in portable mode on games like the Witcher 3, but there has been other games that have had a squint basically and they don't want that to be a problem. It was going to be a perceived issue since some people think the text is already too small in the game. Well, it won't be a problem now, so it's a very welcome addition and I really hope that all games, whether it's on Xbox or PlayStation or Nintendo, implement features like this because it just makes the game more playable for more people. We all have different eye sights, we all have different types of glasses we might wear from bifocals and trifocals, it's just best to make things as easy as possible for people and allow us to resize certain elements of the UI including text. So this is a welcome addition and I thank Nate for his hard work on it and hey, I put off buying this game on other platforms because I knew it was coming to Switch, so I can't wait to dive into the outer worlds for my first time later this year. This next story is actually like a tri-pack of stories, we've got three companies that have made some major decisions because of the coronavirus aka COVID-19, we've seen shutdowns of various events like game developers conference pushed to later this year, other events just cancelled outright, E3 might be going down because of it as well, but we have updates to three major events or three major things happening that unfortunately are kind of going in a direction we don't want to see them go. And the first up is the Pokemon Company, they have cancelled the 2020 Pokemon European International Championships due to the coronavirus concerns, here's what the Pokemon Company had to say on it. The safety and well-being of our community, both competitors and organizers is our top priority. While we prefer to never see an event get postponed or cancelled, out of an abundance of caution and pursuant to the current recommendations set forth by public health officials, we have cancelled the 2020 Pokemon Europe International Championships. And they're not alone, the people behind the TurboGraph 16 mini have infinitely delayed their project, which was supposed to release on March 19th, so it's infinitely delayed, we don't know when it's going to come, it might not even come this year, I don't know if it's because of production issues or just you know they're, hey we're not done with it and we're not going to force our employees to work in those conditions. And speaking of forcing employees to work in those conditions, Bungie, the people that are currently running Destiny 2, they are now independent of Activision. They have sent all of their employees home. All of their offices have been shut down, both in Seattle, which is where their headquarters are located, but also worldwide. That doesn't mean that they're necessarily going to stop working though, they're trying to make this work through working remotely, here's what they had to say on the situation. Today we have activated a fully remote work infrastructure and policy for all Bungie employees across the globe, with the goals of prioritizing the safety of our employees and continuing to develop and deliver on a game we love for our community. To accompany this policy, we have rolled out technical solutions for all employees to be able to maintain communication with one another, as well as to continue working on development and maintaining game critical functions while working remotely. Our goal is to continue crafting the ever-evolving Destiny universe, while making those behind the scenes efforts to keep everything running smoothly invisible to our fans. While there is a possibility that this change could affect our patching cadence in the short term, we will be sure to keep players informed about those schedules as much as possible. Most immediately, we will still be launching Season of Worthy on March 10th, followed by the start of Trials of Osiris on March 13th. And again, this was all done because of concerns over the coronavirus, covid-19, etc. There's been an outbreak in Seattle, so obviously their headquarters alone is trying to deal with it. Yeah, this is kind of sad to see all these things happen, but you know, when you have a worldwide crisis happening like this, or is it a crisis? I mean, the big thing to understand about the covid-19 and the coronavirus is if you're someone like me or a young adult, you're relatively healthy, you have a good strong immune system, we're not really a major threat of anything massive. For the most part, coronavirus will come to us in the past, just like a common cold does. But there's obviously elderly or children or people who are immunocompromised that could potentially die from this. So yeah, it sucks that this is the thing that's happening, but hopefully at some point it'll be passed. And maybe by summer. Speaking of summer, from August 25th to August 29th, Gamescom is happening, and they have announced their exhibitor list, and this is kind of big news because if E3 is going to go kaput, Gamescom is really the next major gaming event to look forward to after that, and then maybe Game Developers Conference if that does happen late summer. Here is the exhibitor's list. Astragon Entertainment, Bandai Namco Entertainment, Bethesda Softworks, Capcom Entertainment, CD Project Red, Electronic Arts, ESL Gaming, Calypso Media, Koch Media, Media Market, Microsoft slash Xbox, Mi.com, NC Soft, Nintendo, Sega, THQ Nordic, Twitch, Ubisoft, Wargaming, Alternate, AORUS Gigabyte, BenQ, Case King, Corsair, Kingston Technology, Median, Omen, Samsung, and Trust. Now this is a very impressive list. Obviously notably missing is Sony. It's interesting because Sony seems to be dipping out of anything that isn't their own event like PSX or State of Play. So interesting to see what happens. We're still in the announcement of PlayStation 5 and all that, but yeah, these companies are going to be there. And this very well could be the E3 of this year. Gamescom has actually successfully done what E3 had hoped to do and that's transition into something more consumer-friendly that also pleases developers. Gamescom is an event that isn't receiving the kind of criticism that E3 does and they seem to have nailed the event every single year it's been out. So kudos to Gamescom for getting it right. The ESA should probably take some notes. But hey, cool. Gamescom, as far as we know, is still happening. Presuming that obviously they don't have to cancel it, you know, I think they're kind of, I think the presumption is by the end of August we will have the coronavirus under wraps. A new horror game is coming out this fall for PlayStation 4 NPC called Amnesia Rebirth. It is a direct sequel to the original Amnesia game that came out, I believe, a decade ago. It's been a long time and I feel like this is notable. You know, there's a lot of game announcements that happen because we don't get a lot of major horror games in the horror genre because it's just not an extremely popular one or at least we're led to believe by developers is not an extremely popular genre.  And the trailer looks pretty good. I can't wait to get more information on it because the original Amnesia has a very good, a very strong, very healthy cult following. So I can't wait to see what the new game does. But yeah, I mean, it's a major horror game coming and we don't get very many of those. So I'll take it. Hopefully, you know, it can come to switch sometime next year. We'll have to wait and see how the final game looks and performs and all that to know if that's even a possibility. And our last story, maybe the most exciting story, it is in the headline. I'm sure a lot of you guys clicked on this video because of it is the Nintendo Direct. Now, here is what has happened Thursday of this week. So yesterday, there was an update to the Nintendo Direct playlist in Japan. Last time they did that was a week before the Animal Crossing Direct. So the presumption is, now that there's an update on this past Thursday, that we're going to get a Direct next week Thursday. Now, this Direct should be a general Direct because they don't have a lot of more individual games to talk about, although they could announce DLC for a number of games if they really want, like they did with Smash and like they did with Pokemon earlier this year. But the presumption is, you know, if we're gonna get a Direct next week, then it could be that. Now, there has been rumors from people like Sabi in the past that we were gonna get a NINDI showcase of some time this month, but they tend to put the NINDI showcases in their own playlist and not the major Nintendo Direct playlist. That seems to be exclusively to, you know, mini-directs, general directs, and individual game directs. So we'll have to wait and see what happens, but I think it's pretty exciting. Obviously, we are long overdue for a Direct. The last one we got was back in September of 2019. We're approaching half a year at this point. So I'm pretty excited to see what happens here. Again, you can call it speculation and all we have to go on is recency. What has Nintendo been doing recently? Since Shintaro Furukawa took over, Doug Bowser took over in the United States, and it has been, well, when they update the playlist in Japan, we get our Direct a week later. This actually also happened, by the way, with the Smash Direct and the Pokemon one. So this actually isn't that abnormal this year. So according to the rule of Nintendo in 2020, we're getting Nintendo Direct next week. So forgive me if I don't get excited until it's actually announced. Anyways, folks, I wanna thank you guys so much for tuning in. I am Nathan DeRovell Jance from Nintendo Prime. Be sure to tune in later tonight at 9 p.m., or I should say 9.30 p.m. Central Standard Time for the Nintendo Prime podcast. We have a special episode tonight. And A, if you wanna submit topics or questions or ideas for that episode of the podcast or future ones, head on over to patreon.com slash Nintendo Prime for as little as $1 a month. There's a post that goes up. There's actually a post up for this week already, where you can go submit questions or topics or whatever surrounding the things we planned to talk about for that week. And then your name and your question and all that will be read off. And we'll discuss it right there live on the podcast. So it's a way to get yourself personally involved with the podcast without necessarily having to be on it, which you can be on for $20 a month as an optional tier on Patreon. You don't have to go that far. But if you would like to be on an episode every month, that is something we do offer. Anyways, thank you guys so much for tuning in. Be sure to enter the Animal Crossing New Horizons giveaway and I'll catch all of you guys in the next video.


Nonfiction, mostly narrative, true stories. And lately, I've been focusing a lot on my relationship with my brothers or with my dad. And so I wanted to read one that's a little bit more squarely about me. And this one's called The Champ. It's 1980, and I'm nine years old. And I'm walking home from Longview Elementary in Central Phoenix. When this curly-haired boy calls out, hey, do you want to fight me? So I say, OK. I'm a tomboy, and since I dress like a boy, I'm expected to fight like one, too. And I figure I can take this kid, since I'm already three and 0 for grade school fights. When I was seven, my gang of kids, the 12th Street Furies, modeled after Fonzie's gang on happy days, split up into two smaller gangs because we wanted to have a gang fight, not for some turf war or any kind of actual conflict. We just knew from TV that gangs are supposed to have gang fights, so we picked teams. Somehow, all the younger kids ended up in my gang and all of the older brothers in the opposing gang. On fight day, my little band of seven-year-olds and I squeezed through some oleanders to get to our hideout, and we took out our pocket mirrors. I don't know where we got the mirrors, but the plan came from an episode of The Bionic Man. We were going to reflect the sun into the eyes of the opposing gang members and blind them. So the four of us crouched into position with our pocket mirrors, but the three older brothers suddenly came crashing through the oleanders.  And when David grabbed a handful of Eric's hair and swung his head toward the pavement, some of the 12 street fairies started to cry. I probably shouldn't have counted this one as a win, but I was the only member of my gang that didn't cry. So I counted it as a half-win that I added to my other half-win, which was the time I got kicked out of the summer zoo program for pushing a kid into a cactus patch. Another time I was walking home for second grade, swinging my aluminum Happy Days lunchbox. When this girl Rosie popped up with a skinny pale boy dressed in an entirely white cowboy outfit, white pants, white Western shirt, pointy white cowboy boots, it was like this kid's parents addressed him specifically to be the good guy. Rosie jabbed her thumb at the kid and said, he wants to fight you. I said, OK.  I was ready for a punch, but instead he suddenly kicked my shins with those pointy cowboy boots. Pop, pop, pop. And I hopped away from him, but he just kept coming, pop, pop, until I was crying and desperate. So I gripped my little fist tightly on the handle of my Happy Days lunchbox and walloped him over the head. The shin pain stopped, but I was still crying when the cowboy tapped my shoulder.  I screamed. I ran all the way home. It took the adults until the following Tuesday to catch up with me. They told me the little cowboy had been taken to the hospital for stitches. If I had been honest, I would have told the adults that I'd been wanting to test out my lunchbox like this for years. I figured that the little cowboy kid had similar ideas about his pointy boots, so I was secretly proud that I had chosen the superior weapon. Then there was the chipper-smithy incident, just after I'd turned nine. You see, instead of really teaching us how to fight, my dad, who is five foot six, told all three of his tiny kids to make friends with the toughest kid in the class. So Joe, who was eight, befriended chipper. But chipper only looked tough because he was dirty. Chipper was the kid who gave the whole school headlice. And then one night, chipper spent the night at the McCloy house just after my dad had bought two pairs of boxing gloves at a yard sale. It was Friday night, and my brothers and I had been begging my dad for a chance to get at those gloves all week. I still can't explain why my parents agreed to have a grade school boxing match right in our own living room. Maybe it was because a few weeks earlier, my dad had sold our television. Maybe without the TV, my family was just bored enough for blood sport. In any case, the couches were pulled back, and chipper and I both won our coin flip. We suited up with the boxing gloves, me with my bowl haircut and my pulled-up knee socks, and chipper a head taller than me and six pounds heavier. I really expected a dance. I clapped my gloves together.  The bell sounded, which was actually my little brother saying, ding. Chip came at me like De Niro in raging bowl. He got me with a hook to the chin, and then hammer, hammer, rights and lifts coming at my face, bat, bat, nonstop. With both forearms shielding my head, I sunk under this pummeling thinking, why me, Chipper Smitty?  And he told Chipper that he should take a shower, and Chip had said, what are you going to make me? Which was a mistake, because my dad ended up dumping Chipper fully clothed into the shower with the water running. So now the misplaced vengeance of Chipper Smitty rained down on me, a rabbit punch, a left hook, and finally an uppercut that knocked the wind out of me.  I plowed into Chipper and pinned him against the screen door and punched him and punched him. This deep satisfaction ran through my body as I made damn sure that Chipper couldn't raise his arms to hit me again. That's right, I thought. Take that, I thought. Finally, my dad pulled me off of him. Chip sunk to his knees on the floor, and that's when I felt a little sad for him right when I noticed his hair was still wet from that shower he'd been dumped into earlier. The fight was declared a technical knockout. Chip never spent the night at our house again. And my brother had to look for a tougher friend since this one had been beaten up by his sister. So when the curly-haired kid yells out, do you want to fight? I say, OK, because I am 3 and 0, and the Chipper Smitty win is just a few months old. Before I could take the next breath, the kid charges across the street, knocks me down, and pins me in my front yard.  I twist and struggle, but I can't move an inch. You think you're so big, my captor says. And then his throat makes that hocking sound. I twist my head in the grass to look for help, looking through all this blurry yellow and green all the way to the porch to my little brother Joe's shoes. Yes, he's right there. He's standing there laughing at me. The curly-haired kid lets a drip of spit suspend from his mouth. Just as the drip separates from his lip, crunch, crunch, there's the sound of car tire on gravel. My neighbor's car pulling up. Thank God, and my assailant runs away.  Someone could hold me against my will and do anything. The feeling is so scary that I immediately die for cover under more traditional gender roles. I love it when my dad says, we'll take you to your big brother Bill's wrestling practice so you can point out this little prick and let Bill take care of it. On the day of the next practice, my whole family piles into our Volkswagen to go to the wrestling gym like we're going to the movies. And that's when I take a closer look at Bill sitting next to me gnawing on his thumbnail. His teeth move from thumb to index finger to middle finger as he chomps away and squints through his thick glasses at the comic book he's reading. My big brother Bill, age 11, skinny, pale, nearsighted, and asthmatic.  He's over there, I say, pointing out curly across the gym. Bill looks at me with what I hope is fierceness and determination. He sticks his comic book back in his back pocket. He takes off his glasses and wipes him on his shirt. He whispers, I'm not going to fight your fight.  Later, I will understand that he's right. Later, I will think about how my dad put Bill up to this without ever teaching him how to fight. I will remember how Joe had just laughed at me when I was pinned on the lawn. It was just make friends with the toughest kid in the class, not here's how to stick up for your sister or your brother. Later, I will wonder if my dad kept us divided so that we would not stand together against his own violence. But now, I'm just a tomboy with a three in one record and I'm looking around this huge gym that hosts fighting lessons for hundreds of boys and not one girl. I watch a wrestler dive down low to grab another kid's legs using the same double leg takedown Curly had used on me.


homework from last day to C. Okay, so were you here last day? Okay. This says the sign of A equals what?  I said our cast rule reference angle to quadrant approach doesn't work when I have something that equals plus or minus one or zero or undefined. This here I'm gonna have to fall back on X and Y and R and so I start out by saying which I should have done in the beginning of class and I forgot but I'll do it right now. Sign is what over what in terms of X and Y and R and the fact that you're having to look it up you in trouble and if you are having to look it up you need to write it up or say it to yourself or do whatever you need to tonight you need to come back Wednesday with that being a boring fact that you automatically know sign is what over what in terms of X and Y and R. It's Y over R. What this is really saying is that Y over R equals negative one. What we now need to imagine is how could this fraction work out to one? The only way this could work out to one is if Y was the same value as R but negative. Okay here's my sketch because a fraction to be one it's something over itself right. Here's my circle yes and we call this distance here R the radius as we go around the circle. Right here the X value is the same as R. Right here the Y value is the same as R but positive. Right here the X value is the same as R but negative. Ah but right here the Y value and the R value are the same and the Y value is negative and so I say to you my child. What angle is that? There is a slightly better way to do that but I can't show it to you yet. This method that I just showed you is the most tedious cumbersome method when dealing with plus or minus ones or zeros. Eventually what we're going to do is we're actually going to quickly memorize what the sine graph what the cosine graph looks like and we'll do a quick sketch for what it's worth the sine graph looks like this where that's positive one and that's negative one and that's 180 degrees and that's 360 degrees and right here is when you're negative one high and low and behold that's at 270 degrees that's the way we'll probably choose to do it. Once we have the sine and cosine graphs memorized oh and yes the sine graph looks an awful lot the letter S that's convenient. Don't want to erase that Mr. Derrick. Is that okay? Next. Do you get D okay? Because that's also a weird one. D is going to be a cotangent is X over Y if it's undefined Y is zero whereas Y is zero I think here and here and I get zero and 180 and 360 if we go around again. Any others? Yeah. Six. Number six. Theta is a second quadrant angle. What that tells me Brett is I'm here and if I go C, A, S tells me sine and cosecant are positive everything else is negative and they told me that the tangent was equal to this what they've really done is they've told me that Y is equal to root 3 and that X is equal to 5. Oh except one of them has to be negative. If I'm in this quadrant what's negative my X coordinate or my Y coordinate? This quadrant the quadrant 2 that they told me that this one that I drew the angle in this one what's negative over there X or Y? Absolutely.  Look you're to the left of the Y axis I'm pretty sure you're in negative X you're above the X axis I'm pretty sure you're positive Y so I have that. I would also very much like to find that it would be wonderful if there's some kind of an equation that would relate X and Y and R together. Is there which one Sandley? In fact we can even go like this yes it X squared hey that's 25 plus Y squared what's root 3 squared just plain old 3. R is gonna be root 28. Now they probably in the back of the book will write that as root 4 root 7. They'll probably write that as 2 root 7 because it is. Now I can find these. Cosine is what over what in terms of X and Y and R? It's X over R it's gonna be negative 5 all over 2 root 7. Is that exactly what it looks like in the back of the book or have they rationalized the denominator in the answer key? Can someone look? That's my way of saying can someone check? Does it actually say negative 5 all over 2 root 7 or does it say negative 5 root 7 over 14? Negative 5 root 7 over 4 so they've rationalized the denominator what I said to you guys you don't need to do that we're not gonna be fussy on that. Now if you're saying to yourself how do I know if my answer is right? Negative 5 divided by bracket 2 root 7 close bracket close bracket I get that or negative 5 times root 7 divided by 14. Geez do I get the same answer? It's the same that's how you can check quickly. If it was multiple choice this is the answer I would have for you to pick from. Cosicant okay. Cosicant goes with which trig function Brett? So it's R over Y it's gonna be 2 root 7 over root 3. Now I'm okay with that I'm willing to bet in the back of the book they multiply the top and the bottom by root 3 over root 3 they probably have 2 root 21 over 3 is that correct? If you can just keep your finger there because I'm gonna be asking that same question on the next one too. Yeah and cotangent that's a Y over X no no no mr. do it that's tangent cotangent that's X over Y which is gonna be negative 5 over root 3 and I'm betting in the back of the book they wrote that as negative 5 root 3 over 3. Is that right? Is that what you're wondering why your answers were different from the back or were you able to get like were you able to get these answers okay? Okay so sorry Alberta. Any others? Well then I have I gotta take home quiz for you. I take that back I'm gonna give the quiz out on Wednesday. So next lesson. Radiant measure lesson 4 which is page 249 today is the day the momentous day we are going to leave degrees behind we are moving on we've broken up with degrees and we are in a permanent long-term relationship a stable relationship with radians. Now degrees is gonna write us letters degrees is gonna send us emails we'll get late night phone calls begging us to come back resist the temptation and what I really mean by that Ryan is every year I have one or two kids who are so uncomfortable with radians they change it all to degrees they solve the question and degrees and then they change their answer back to radians don't do that you will never master it if you do that it's gonna be confusing for a couple of days please trust me if you are willing to butch through if you're willing to force yourself if you're willing to push yourself suddenly it'll be there but if you constantly make the conversions it'll never be there starting out war number one what's the formula for the circumference of a circle of radius R well symbol for circumference is that what is the circumference of a circle what's the equation pi r squared is area what's the circumference they be known off top their head 2 pi r in fact if they wanted me to find the circumference of this circle I could say c equals 2 times pi times 5 and I told you that your test was going to be non-calc what we're gonna do is if there's a pi in the equation we're just gonna leave our answer as an exact value in terms of pi because pi is a repeating decimal it goes on forever yes I know 10 times pi would be 31.415926535897 forget it we're just gonna leave our answers in terms of pi in all of our previous angle make angular measure we've used degrees there's 360 Eric degrees in one circle or one degree is one 360 of a revolution in order to simplify some of the calculations used in trig and calc mathematicians use an alternative angular measure radians radians is better in every single way except one Joel it's really tough to do it in your head that's where degrees is nicer if I say to you what's 50 degrees take away 30 degrees Spencer what's the answer 50 20 degrees what's pi by 3 radians take away pi by 7 radians okay but in every other way it's superior so bear with me ratio radians are defined they're a ratio and it's defined as the length of the arc subtending the angle divided by the length of the radius say what sounds confusing I know here's how a radian is defined if you take a circle doesn't look like a circle mr. do it yeah I know pretty close and you take the radius and then you draw an arc exactly the same length as the radius I'm eyeballing it right about there this here is one radian symbol for radian is RAD or nothing actually technically it's not a unit but we write rad that's kind of a well what it does then it allows us to define an angle in terms of the size of the circle that it's in which is although you don't know it yet Kara going to be very very useful one radian all of you guys go like that one radian is about there if you imagine your arm being the radius and if you move the arc about the length of your arm about that one right give or take okay and the nice thing is whether you're Trevor who's six foot six with long arms or well with shorter arms it doesn't matter you'll go through the same arc length because with Mitsu okay right with Trevor it would still it still work so it says use the diagram and definition to estimate a radian measure it's about that how many degrees it says use diagram to to estimate the degrees not gonna we're leaving degrees behind Emily that relationship is off don't return the calls hang up when you see it on your cell phone next page we are going to have to learn to convert from degrees to radians angles can be measured in either and I am going to ask you to flip-flop going from one to the other usually from degrees to radians once in a while we will go back I've fipped a little bit I've exaggerated a little bit once in a while we'll go back from radians to degrees so we need a conversion factor consider a circle with the radius of our units it says complete the following what's one complete rotation of a circle in degrees 360 what's the arc length for one complete rotation well the arc length for one complete rotation is the circumference of the circle and what was the equation for the circumference of the circle that we looked at about 30 seconds ago what's the arc length going to be 2 I are now stay on this page we said that the measure of an angle in radians is the length of the arc divided by the length of the radius if you want to figure out how many radians in one circle it's the length of the arc divided by the radius what do you notice happens here something cancels what cancels 360 degrees is 2 pi there are 2 pi radians in a circle 360 degrees is 2 pi what do you think 180 degrees is then pi you need to memorize that now you will because we're going to be using it over and over and over and over and over and over and over but much like y over r x over r and y over x for sine and cosine and tangent if you see a quiz or a test approaching and you don't have that at your fingertips you have little chance of passing tells me I've done the homework so one half a rotation in degrees is 180 degrees the arc length for the one half rotation well you know what let's just up to the punch line here is my conversion factor pi equals 180 degrees pi radians is 180 degrees now we have to be a bit fussy in mathematics that's the degrees symbol if there is no unit after the number because technically it's if you look at the units up here it's meters divided by meters or centimeters divided by centimeters radians actually glad technically have no unit so if you see no unit it's radians but because people don't like no unit sometimes they're right next to it no that means actually radians is short for radians in other words that's sine of 90 degrees that's sine of 90 radians you know how I can tell because there's no degrees symbol and I'm gonna be fussy on that from now on if you don't put a degree symbol I will assume you mean radians example one says complete the chart 360 degrees we already said was two pi radians the one that I have memorized is this 180 degrees is pi radians how does that help me well 90 degrees is what fraction of 180 degrees 90 degrees is pi by 2 we you can say pi divided by 2 pi over 2 for some reason mathematicians that picked a bit of a shorthand when it comes to radians and they just say pi by 2 and we clue in that you really met pi divided by the number two oh 60 degrees is what fraction of 180 degrees pi by 3 45 degrees is what fraction of 180 degrees it's one quarter 45 degrees is pi by 4 30 degrees is what fraction of 180 degrees 30 degrees is by six you see why that pi 180 a handy one to memorize you can get it off a lot of them fact you know what we can even do a bit more than that you guys keep that little chart in front of you 120 degrees isn't that 260s yes what was 60 in radians 120 degrees that's 2 pi by 3s it is that I can find any multiple of 30 or 45 or 90 or 60 it's not that hard not that hard 210 degrees hey that's 7 30s what was 30 dummy you know what 270 is 7 pi by 6 okay what about 113.2 degrees mr. okay we're gonna have we're gonna come up with a mathematical algorithm that will let us handle anyone but for a lot of the most common that nice round numbered degree angles it's not that hard to jump back and forth okay says the rule to convert from degrees to radians is to multiply the angle in degrees by hmm let's look at this 113.2 degrees what did I tell you to memorize what was the conversion factor what two angles do we know are the same 180 is the same as okay I know this I know that 180 degrees is the same as pi this is my conversion factor if I want to go from degrees and it's a yucky number to radians I'm gonna multiply by pi over 180 degrees why do I know that I want the 180 degrees on the bottom because if you've done physics or chemistry what we're really saying is the degrees cancel we're using a little bit of unit analysis and then I would get out my calculator for a yucky one like this I would go 113.2 times pi divided by 180 the rule is to multiply by pi over 180 I truthfully don't memorize the rule I know it's either gonna be pi over 180 or 180 over pi and I want to make the units cancel so I end up with the units that I want on top if I wanted to convert 270 degrees now there's two ways to do this one the first way is to say hey that's 9 30s or 3 90s in other words if it's 3 90s it is 3 pi by 2 that's the intuitive way but if I want the algorithmic mathematical way I would go like this I want to get rid of degrees so I want my degrees to be on the bottom the pi is going to be on the top and when I do that I'll get 270 pi over 180 and I'll also write that a little bit neater 270 pi over 180 no calculator put it away I'm gonna suggest that the 10s cancel it did say give you a good answer as an exact value in terms of pi 27 over 18 Dominique what goes into the top and the bottom evenly oh so are you telling me that this is it is 3 pi by 2 which I said because I noticed it was 3 90s either way gets you there Ryan 315 degrees it's a certain number of 45s I think it's 7 45s but because I'm not I think it's 7 pi by 4 but because I'm not sure I'll use my conversion factor I'm gonna multiply this by pi over 180 and I get 315 pi all over 180 the degrees cancel now to reduce 315 over 180 and if this was not on the calculator section of the test and it will be well what number goes into the top and the bottom definitely 5 yes yes but most of you don't know that 45 goes into the top and the bottom it does let's suppose you only saw the 5 what's 180 divided by 5 well let's see if we can figure it out what's 180 divided by 10 18 what's 180 divided by 5 twice as much 36 because 10 is half as much as 36 what's 315 divided by 5 I don't know well 300 divided by 5 is 60 15 divided by 5 is 3 I would get that so far if I was hops watching my way there oh and what goes into 63 and 36 evenly 9 7 4 and hey I was right I said I was pretty sure it was gonna be 7 pi by 4 can be done with or without a calculator example 3 says convert the following from degrees to radians what does it say in brackets Ryan that tells me I'm supposed to use a calculator my little tricks won't work so 70 degrees I'm gonna multiply by pi over 180 degrees so that my degrees cancel and I'm gonna get 70 times pi divided by 180 which is what on your calculator ah where's the pie button mr. do it right there 70 times pi divided by 180 70 degrees is about 1.22 radians up to the nearest 10th 1.2 units you can write rad it's not real wrong but there's no units no units is radians 205 degrees gonna multiply by pi over 180 degrees because I want the degrees to cancel it's gonna be 205 pi over 180 do I need to press times oh I don't need to I press times in the previous one I guess I don't need to a little shortcut 3.6 radians that's going degrees to radians occasionally you'll also Eric need to go from radians to degrees so two pi radians is how many degrees did we say 360 which means pi radians is what 180 half pi pi by 2 well what's half of 180 90 a third of pi pi by 3 well what's one third of 180 60 pi by 4 a quarter of 180 45 pi by 6 oh 30 or pi by 180 what's 180 of 180 one degree is the same as pi over 180 the rule is I guess this time we're gonna multiply by 180 degrees over pi and that will introduce degrees to the equation again but I don't memorize the rule I know the conversion factor pi 180 degrees pi 180 degrees and I just ask which one needs to be on the top which one needs to be on the bottom to cancel out my original units pi by 4 oh that's 45 degrees because it's sitting right there negative 7 pi by 3 well the answer is gonna be negative Rihanna what was 1 pi by 3 what was a single pi by 3 how many degrees 60 what do you think seven of them is whatever 7 times 60 is 420 and Carly wrong right half mark off correct maybe fussy now now those ones were ones we could kind of pilot doing our head I'm also gonna give you yucky decimals how do I know I'm supposed to use my calculator for number six Tyler what is it saying about brackets okay so now I'm actually gonna use the conversion factor it's going to be 1.57 times I want the pi on the bottom I want the 180 degrees on the top so that the units that end up on the top are degrees what is 1.57 times 180 divided by pi should be really close to 90 because 3.14 divided by 2 is 1.57 it should be really close is close to 90 what do you get eighty one nine point nine five and it says to the nearest tenth so if you round it off properly it's gonna be eighty nine point nine nine no it's gonna be it is gonna be ninety yeah three point two if I want to change that how do I know this one is in radians it doesn't say radians no degrees symbol three point two hang on mr. duke I wrote that one wrong I went from radians to dig let's try that again mr. duke times 180 degrees over pi I want the degrees to be on top 3.2 times 180 divided by pi 3.2 radians 183.3 degrees try see on your own negative 1.4 radians how many degrees is that yet negative 80.2 yeah degrees so here is the conversion chart if you're someone who just has to memorize stuff you can memorize that I just know the conversion factor pi is 180 pi is 180 degrees pi is 180 degrees and then Carly I use what I've learned from physics about canceling units and tricks like that I want the units that I want to cancel to be on the bottom I want the units that I want to end up with to be on the top oh you can also use two pi equals 360 can we all agree that pi and 180 are nicer numbers to deal with because there's no two okay example seven use your calculator in degree mode to find the value first thing we need to do is we need to make sure our calculator is in degrees press the mode button which is right there make sure you're in degrees and they want us to find the value to four decimal places so sine of 45 0.7071 0.7071 how do I find secant the answer is I don't don't have a secant button what is secant go with okay secant of 135 is actually going to be one divided by the cosine of 135 the most common mistake here Eric is kids instead of going one divided by the cosine they co cosine of one divided by three 135 they want to flip the degrees and not the it's the reciprocal of the cosine not the reciprocal of the angle the secant of 135 is degrees is negative 1.4142 negative does that make sense oh yeah cast rule it should be negative B says use a calculator in radian mode okay now is the time finally at long last mode radians but I like degrees mr. do trust me degrees was a high maintenance relationship it was gonna end up being one of those where you just went oh if I'd known what I was getting into I never would have committed to this ever radians although it's gonna take a little bit to break the ice and get the conversation going oh I'm telling you'll just be like I love such a great such a great part of my life now sine of pi by 4 sine of pi by 4 by the way it's the same answer because 45 degrees is pi by 4 radians so I should get 0.7071 secant of 3 pi by 4 that's gonna be one divided one divided by the cosine of 3 pi by 4 and 3 pi by 4 is 135 degrees this should give us the same answer it does negative 1.4142 so to me now it's fair game to ask you either degrees or radians can you try all of example see on your own all four questions here's a hint do all of the radians first and then do all of the radians or do all the degrees first and then do all the radians but don't flip for each question little trick I'll freeze the screen and I'll do the answers and then bring them up see if you get what I know let's try that again by the way Brett the very last one 45 radians or degrees okay radians why now there is no provincial this year but they love this question they love to give the familiar angle like 30 or 45 or the really tempting one was 90 and they would not put a degree symbol next to it but they would have the degrees answer to pick from on the multiple choice in fact if they were in a really mean mood Alan would make that answer a so it was the first one you spotted and they would get a lot of kids now we need to get used to the cast rule and reference angles with radians turn the page please says in each of the following one draw the angle theta in standard position to state the principal angle three find one positive and one negative coterminal angle we're gonna add a fourth thing I froze it twice and we're gonna add a fourth thing thank you Spencer the fourth thing is this find the reference angle and here I'm gonna do you a favor when I first started teaching this oh good gosh 12 years ago now I was terrible because I do fractions intuitively you go to fractions most of you are not so I'm gonna give you a very easy one-second workaround that will help you navigate your way through this and we're gonna start out by looking at example a 3 pi by 4 I have no idea where that is here's what we're always gonna start up by doing we're gonna say that's pie because how many degrees is that right there hundred how many radians hi is that okay what number is in front of the pie it's invisible a one what's my denominator that they gave me in this particular fraction degrees or sorry this particular fraction radians instead of writing pi I'm gonna write this 4 pi by 4s is that still one pi right that and then put your pencil down for a second and turn your brain up Trevor how far to here you just swore in my class we've left degrees behind she's not worth it come on Trevor leave her behind that's not what I wrote ready how far read that can you say 4 pi by 4s 4 pi by 4s okay nice and loud again how far how far think about it if all the way is 4 pi by 4s how far let's write that down by the way although it's unnecessary how far 8 pi by 4s yes 6 pi by 4s here's why we went to the fractions what what angle did they give me if that's 2 pi by 4 and that's 4 pi by 4 can you tell me exactly where 3 pi by 4s I think 3 pi by 4 is exactly halfway is it not yes yes yes no Eric yes no yes no yes well have I lost you if I have I can reach yes I've lost you or yes you got it sure because I had no reaction from you whatsoever so the angle is that right there we've drawn it in standard position part 2 said state the principal angle now the principal angle in degrees was always between 0 and 360 what will the principal angle in radians be between it'll be between 0 and 2 pi is this between 0 and 2 pi then it is the principal angle 3 says find one positive and one negative coterminal angle for the angle theta well if we were in degrees and we wanted to find coterminal angles do you remember what we added or subtracted 360 what about for radians I'm gonna add or subtract okay so I'm gonna say 3 pi by 4 plus 2 pi and I'm gonna say 3 pi by 4 minus 2 pi no I'm not that's dumb I'll write that just this once but that's why confuse myself back to our diagram are you ready are you ready are you ready Trevor are you ready scene one act one take two how far how far 8 pi by 4 yes 2 pi is 8 over 4 what did I just say 2 pi is what I'm gonna go common denominators right away from the very start my common denominator is always gonna be the bottom of my radian fraction because what is 3 pi by 4 plus 8 pi by 4 how many pi by 4 11 pi by 4 so and what's 3 pi by 4 take away 8 pi by 4 negative 5 pi by 4 and the last thing I asked for was the reference angle the reference angle is that one right there so we said reference angles were defined as Joel what's this measure right there what's this measure right there what was our angle can you tell me how big this has to be doesn't have to be a single what yes if you don't label them with common denominators this gets way way way tougher way tougher don't write this down just watch we're gonna do one together what if I gave you 11 pi by 6 I would go like this no what's my denominator this is 6 pi by 6 what's this then 12 pi by 6 by the way what's this then 3 pi by 6 what's this then 9 pi by 6 where is 11 pi by 6 can you see Joel it's just shy of 12 pi by 6 that I can tell you exactly how shy I can tell you the reference angle already how much below 12 pi by 6 is 11 pi by 6 what's my reference angle 1 pi by 6 oh and if you want me to find coterminal angles I'll add and subtract multiples of 12 pi by 6 11 plus 12 23 pi by 6 is a is a coterminal angle 11 minus 12 negative 1 pi by 6 is a coterminal some of the denominators aren't quite so nice like thirds but that's okay b pi well actually it says negative so this is going to be negative except what's my denominator here Eric I'm going to call it negative 3 pi by 3 and that makes this negative 6 pi by 3 okay we're going this way um what's this well it's half of 3 pi by 3 what's half of 3 you know what this is and I'm going to write this even though it's sloppy this is negative 1.5 pi by 3's is it not right it's half of 3 of them that okay Kara Kara what angle did they give me what angle did they give me I'm sure did you speak you might have oh we're going to go through this one again are we you're awake now say what angle did they give me negative pi by 3 in fact negative 1 pi by 3 I'm going to think to myself because if this is negative 1.5 pi by 3 I think negative 1 pi by 3 is a little shy of negative 1.5 pi by 3 is it not Trevor the other way to think about it is this from here to here is three thirds there's one third there's two thirds there's three I kind of divide it into three chunks in my head except I'm going to get rid of that second line what not the first line just the second line Emily is that okay or have I lost you you're not convincing me your face is saying I have no idea what's going on your tone is saying I'm confused your voice is saying I got this right now two out of three things are telling me I need to re-explain ask what's your question okay how far negative what how far negative what negative 3 pi by 3s what's half of 3 pi by 3s negative 1.5 pi by 3s right what's half of in other words our our our measure it's going to be pi by 3s 3 of them to get to there what's half of 3 what's half of 3 what what what what so half of 3 pi by 3s would be 1.5 pi by 3s negative because we're going in the negative direction that's just telling us to go that way right is that okay yeah because I can tell you now the principal angle now the principal angle is this way it's that way let's come back to the principal angle in a second I want to do the reference angle the reference angle is this big how big is this heard it the reference angle is pi by 3 how's that help huge why did you do reference angle first and then do print for watch watch watch watch watch watch ready carly look up we're going to go in the positive direction now how far all the way around the circle once and don't tell me to pi we're using a common denominator how far all the way around the circle once no no no we're going this way we're going this way we're going this way we're going this way we're in the positive direction now how far all the way around the circle once positive 6 pi by 3 what was the reference angle so how far to hear you're missing it ready ready guys look up how far all the way around six how big is this one how far 5 pi by 3s yes that's our principal angle I can't hear have it work the angle between zero and two pi the smallest positive angle in degrees it was the angle between zero and 360 because for all of these there's an infinite number of angles that we could use we keep going code terminal code terminal code terminal code terminal yes principal angle we defined as way back when in lesson one before christmas we defined the principal angle as the angle between zero and 360 the smallest positive angle is that okay you sure okay almost done example nine says find the reference angle for the following rotation angles anytime i'm doing radians if they give me an angle i do a sketch five pi by six that's pi that's two pi except what's the denominator that they gave me here isabel i'm going to call this six pi by sixes because that's still one pi what am i going to call two pi 12 pi by sixes how big is right here three pi by sixes because it's halfway to six pi by six how big is right here nine pi by sixes yes yes what angle did they give me okay five pi by six i think isn't it right there just shy of six pi by six can you tell me the reference angle what's left over ah negative five pi by four negative means we're going in this direction so this is negative pi well no it's negative four pi by four which is still negative pi this will be negative eight pi by four which is negative two pi how big would this be right here really how far how far hello how far hello negative four pi by four how big is halfway then how big is this up here spot the pattern what angle did they give me negative two pi by four negative four pi by four negative five pi by four i think is right there because six pi by four negative six pi by four is too far there's my reference angle how big carry you're right loud yes what's my denominator here i'm going to call this instead of pi three pi by three and six pi by three so you're ready here we go here we go here we go how far sorry three pi by three how far six pi by three how far nine pi by threes how far if i went to there 12 pi by three too far how much too far in fact i think i want to go there what's the reference angle you already said it when i asked you how much too far what i was really saying is what's the reference angle we need to practice this a lot okay moving around the circle in radians needs to become fairly casual i won't say second nature but almost homework one two three four i'll skip five six seven eight nine ten eleven so i think i skipped five need to practice this good news is i believe next lesson is a bit shorter with less homework let me double check applications yeah shorter lesson next lesson take home quiz next class physics 12 tutorial today after school


I used to be anxious, I used to be stressed and I experienced a few massive burnouts before my first ayahuasca experience. Now it's been about eight months since my first experience in a luxury resort called Ritmia in Costa Rica. So the question is, have I changed since the experience or am I back to where I was before trying ayahuasca and will I drink ayahuasca ever again? Let's find out. Hi friends and welcome to your reception's YouTube channel. My name is Greg Gostinkar and I am the creator of this channel where we car everything from brain supplements to psychedelics. If you are interested then be sure to subscribe and hit the bell for notifications. There is no doubt that attending a plant medicine retreat was one of the most transformative and challenging weeks of my life. It involved a roller coaster of emotions, crying, vomiting, smiling and dancing, but most importantly discovering who I really was. But what have I learned during that experience and what has stayed with me? In this video I am going to focus on how I have changed, how do I feel eight months later, what have I learned, what is still missing and lastly I am going to reveal my further plans regarding the use of plant medicine. So stay with me till the end. Now for those who are new here, I had my first ayahuasca experience last September in Ritmia, probably the most luxurious and unorganized plant medicine center in the world that is located in Guanacasta Costa Rica. I stayed in their amazing resort for a week where I had four nights of ayahuasca ceremonies in a row. Now this is not the most affordable place in the world but if you want to attend an ayahuasca ceremony for the first time or if you like to be in a well-organized place with hundreds of employees who will take care of you 24-7 then this is the place to go. And there is a link below if you want to learn more about Ritmia. Now to my learnings. So as soon as I return home from Ritmia I set to myself, that's it. Now I understand the meaning of life, I know how life works, I know why I'm here, yeah it was just such a profound feeling that's really hard to describe now. But at the same time I also said I would never drink ayahuasca again. But is this still true? Well we'll get back to that soon. So what ayahuasca helped me to do, it really helped me get free of my biggest fears. It helped me find a feeling of the way I am. It helped me understand what we call life, how it works and even how my brain works. I saw life in a way I never thought possible and many of my beliefs about the world and life were shattered in just one night. Now for quite some time I was able to feel the energy, to feel people, to feel the trees in the forest and to feel myself so deeply that I could in no time tell how someone was feeling how things impact me etc. It was a very weird feeling but I could tell in advance when someone would get angry or happy for example.  I can imagine it was slightly weird being in my company, especially in a public place because if I didn't feel like doing something or talking to someone I would just walk away without any second thoughts.  Now I still had my ups and downs. There were days when I was extremely calm, but then for whatever reason a day came when I felt quite nervous and anxious. But that was nothing compared to how I sometimes felt before my ayahuasca experience. Now why the sudden change? I believe this happened because the struggle you have to go through on a ayahuasca ceremony is so hard that there is no doubt you want to go back there and repeat it at least not any time soon. So your subconscious mind would do everything it could to tell it that now you are healed and no you don't need more ayahuasca. Well, we'll get back to that soon. So yes, for the first few weeks or even for the first two months or so I was a transformed man. I started doing yoga weekly, I started spending more time in nature, I started meditating more often and I started carrying glass above things I couldn't control. But then life happened. I launched a new business and so I got very busy for a couple of months. I still kept my daily habits, but there was way more stress and nervousness in my everyday life.  It felt like anxiety was knocking on my doors, I could see it, but I said to her no, you are not entering this house, not now, not ever. Or so I thought. I felt like that for most of the last half a year until one day about two weeks ago when I was walking in the forest and I heard a call I didn't want to hear. And the call said, Greg, it's time for another ayahuasca experience.   Well, before I answered that, why did I get the call in the first place? Have I changed again? Am I back to where I started? Do I really need another ayahuasca experience? Well, to be totally honest, I was thinking about that for a while before shooting this video. And the answer is no. Of course, I'm not back to where I started this journey. I've experienced so much, I've learned so much, and I've changed so much that I will never go back to where I was. That's just impossible. But something else happened. Now, it was the first time in my life that I could feel myself and the world around me. And I knew that there's still something in me that's not how I want it to be. It has nothing to do with my previous anxiety or stress or burnout, and it has everything to do with things that I haven't discovered yet. It was an epiphany. I got this call from ayahuasca not to heal again or to learn how to stop repeating my old mistakes, but to go one level deeper. And when I understood it, I was like, hell yeah, I'm doing it again. But as soon as I said that, in that very moment, I remembered every detail of my first ayahuasca experience. I remember how sick I felt, how I wanted to go home, how I was scared, and how I was wondering, why am I doing this to myself? Why do I have to suffer so much? And I remember the crying and all other stuff I don't want to talk about in this video. And this got me thinking, have I really changed? Because if I had, why am I so afraid of another ayahuasca experience then? That was when I reached out to some of my friends who had way more experience with plant medicine, and they told me something that had a profound impact on me. Now, even if you have hundreds of ceremonies in your life, if you know exactly how the medicine worked, you would always feel this fear and respect of this mystical thing. And when I got this, I was like, yeah, alright, let's do it then. So yes, I'm going on another ayahuasca experience in a few days, so stay tuned because I'll share the whole experience on my channel. Now, am I doing this just because I need to? No, not at all. I've changed a lot since my first experience. And as you just learned, once you have this profound experience, you cannot return back. So I'm doing it because I know I can still go deeper and deeper. And this is exactly what I'm afraid of, but what I want to do at the same time.  Well, the fact is that ayahuasca will not heal you, but it will open doors for self-healing. It will show you how to access things you already have, but you forgot how to use them in order to heal yourself. Now, some of you may only need one experience with this medicine, while others will want to repeat it several times. I deeply believe that to truly open, you only need to attend one ceremony. But once this happens, you may want to go deeper and deeper like I'm going soon. So if you want to join me on this journey, subscribe below and watch my next videos. And if you want to know what happened during my first ayahuasca experience, then watch my video up here. Thank you guys for watching and I hope to see you soon again.


Hi, I'm Zor, welcome to Unisor Education. Continue talking about alternating current, and today we will talk about power consumed by a circuit through which we have AC, alternating current. Now this lecture is part of the course, the course is called Physics for Teens presented at www.unisor.com. So I suggest you to watch this lecture from the website because it has for each lecture including this one detailed notes and well sometimes I have to do certain calculations and I might bypass these calculations at the board and refer you to the notes for the lecture where they are presented in all details. Now on the same website you have a prerequisite course called Mass for Teens. Mass is a mandatory topic to know before you start learning physics for any serious kind of a person and there are many problems and exams and the site is completely free, no financial strings attached, no advertising. So it's all for your consumption. All right, so power in the alternating current environment. All right, let me start from a certain reminder about what is the power and how it is approached in the direct current when you have a constant voltage, constant amperage and certain resistor inside the circuit. Now remember what actually the voltage is. Voltage was defined as a certain difference in energy in energetic potential between two ends which we conditionally call plus and minus and the voltage is constant. It means that difference in potential level of potential energy is constant. It's like levels of water above certain level and below certain level so and it can it's constant and the water goes down obviously. Same thing with electricity. So if you have certain constant difference in potentials, let's call it u, then how the difference in potential energy actually is measured. It's measured in the work. So you have certain amount of electricity which is basically going from this level to this level and this certain amount of electricity is called usually measured in coulombs and a letter is usually the Q and what's important is that the rate of flowing electricity, electric current, electric basically charge from one level to another from plus to minus. This level is actually defined as basically a power. So the power is something like this and the work performed by flowing charge flowing electricity from plus to minus is obviously u times Q. That's the work during certain amount of time from 0 to t. So this how it is in the direct current. Now the Q divided by t is constant because it's a DC, it's a direct current, it's constant and it's usually called I. So it's equal to u times I. The difference in electric potential voltage times the direct current, electric current and that's what power actually is. So this is how it is in the direct current and incidentally using the Ohm's law, remember Ohm's law, it's equal to u squared divided by R or I squared times R. So this is something which we know from the direct current. Now we are talking about alternation current but I can definitely say that at any moment of time infinitesimal is small. I can actually do exactly the same thing because during this infinitesimal period of time from t to t plus plus dt where dt is infinitesimal differential of time. So during this interval of time I can consider my voltage and my amperage, my electromotive force if you wish and electric current to be constant and equal to e of t that's voltage that's electromotive force and I of t. They are functions of t, functions of time. So at any given moment of time the work performed from t to t plus, I'll put it as an index, work performed from t to t plus dt. It's equal to this times this times time. This is exactly the same thing as for direct current. The voltage time current amperage times the amount of time during which this happens and correspondingly the power instantaneous power at the moment t is equal to just u of t times I of t. So this is basically follows from consideration of a tiny infinitesimal interval of time as the time during which both e and i are well constant and equal to e as function of time and i as function of time. And this is basically what power actually is. So I'm trying to basically approach my power in alternating current from this perspective. However this is not really very practical because whenever you're saying that okay the power consumed by an electric bulb is a hundred watts. Well it's it's a constant number it's a hundred. I mean what does it mean if my power actually consumption is really changing with the time because my electromotive force is oscillating it's sinusoidal and my current is also oscillating. Now so I will just put exactly what it is equal to. It's e0 times sine of omega t and i is equal to i 0 times sine of omega t plus 5. Now this is something which we have discussed in the previous lecture. This is the sinusoidal electromotive force. This is sinusoidal current and we are talking about RLC circuit which is resistor inductor and capacitor in a series. That's the kind of a standard circuit which we are considering. In this e0 is a peak voltage. i0 is a peak current. Omega is angular speed of oscillations because the alternating current is usually produced by rotating the rotor inside the electric generator and omega is angular speed of rotation. T is obviously time. Now phi is the phase shift introduced by inductor and capacitor. Go to the previous lecture if you don't know what it is and i0 is actually related to e0 in pseudo Ohm's law for AC for alternating current where z square is equal to xc minus xl square plus r square. These are reactants, capacitive reactants and inductive reactants and this is resistor. All this was in the previous couple of lectures. So z is actually a square root of this. So what I meant is that this is an exact power consumption at moment t. Well actually from t to dt and we have to multiply by dt by differential of time. But during the time t as a function of t this is the power consumption. It's a rate of the work which electricity is making inside the circuit. Okay so as I was saying it's a variable and it's not very convenient to talk about. Now let's recall we were introducing things called e effective and i effective. Effective voltage and effective amperage. Incidentally each one of them are equal to peak divided by square root of 2. Peak divided by square root of 2. And again we have derived y. It's all kind of an averaging of the current and voltage during let's say one period of oscillation. Now here we also can do very very similar thing because we can always find work which is basically performed by the electricity during one period of oscillation and then divide by the length of this period. And that would be average work within one particular period of oscillation which is exactly the same as average on any number of periods because the functions are periodic as you see. And the same period by the way here and here the period is t is equal to 2 pi divided by omega. Omega is a speed angular speed so one oscillation which is 2 pi 360 degree if we divide by speed we will get the time. So we will find out how much work is done during this period t one period of oscillation. Now as soon as we will find out what's amount of work if we'll divide it by t we will have an average power per unit of time if you wish. Which is basically not exactly right. The correct terminology is basically we have to have the first derivative of it but doesn't really matter because we were talking about one period we divide by the period so that's the average per period. And that's what conveniently called p effective. Effective power and that's where and this is the constant because it's the same for each period and that's what actually is meant when people are saying that okay this electric bulb is consuming 100 watt. That means that during one particular period of oscillation the average power consumption is 1 watt and one period of oscillation is a very small amount of time it's 150 or 160 of a second because that's what usually commercial AC oscillations are. So for any reasonable amount of time practical amount of time like minute or an hour or something like this we can very safely use this particular power consumption. So our purpose right now is to find the work performed by electricity during one period of time and then we will divide it by time. Alright so let's do that. So what is amount of work which is performed by electricity during the time from zero to certainty any t actually but we will use t as a period obviously. Well it's integral p of t dt right. This is power consumed at the moment t. We are assuming that during the infinitesimal period of time dt from lowercase t to lowercase t plus dt this power remains constant so we will multiply power by time get the work performed from t to dt to t plus dt and then we integrate from zero to capital t and that's how we get the whole work. Well let's just calculate this integral no we did right what's equal to we know what pt is so we will take e0 and i0 outside and we will have integral from zero to t of multiplication of two sine. Now from this is a very easy integral by the way from trigonometry we should convert product of sines into sum or difference actually here it is cosine of alpha plus beta is equal to what cosine alpha cosine beta minus sine alpha sine beta and cosine of alpha minus beta is equal to plus beta plus sine alpha sine beta so what do we do from this from the second we will subtract the first we will have cosine cancelled we will have two sine by sine so basically sine alpha times sine beta is equal to the second one cosine alpha minus beta minus the first one alpha plus beta divided by two right subtract from this this we will have double multiplication of sines so that's why we divided by two this is a difference between two cosines now in this case we will do exactly the same so we will have e0 pi0 integral from zero to t so sine times sine is cosine of minus so if we will take minus it will be phi minus phi actually but doesn't really matter because the cosine is even function so cosine of minus phi is equal to cosine of phi so we will have here cosine of phi minus cosine of the sum which is 2 omega t plus phi and we have to divide everything by two so we will put one second to two and dt so that's our integral now obviously we will make it as two integrals because integral is additive function so it will be integral of cosine and cosine is a constant right phi is an angle which is measured based on difference between xc xl remember tangent phi is equal to xc minus xl divided by r but this is reactance of capacity capacitor this is the reactance of inductor so it's a constant it's basically determined by the characteristics of the circuit right just in case you forgot about what is reactance xc is equal to 1 over omega c and xl is equal to omega l where c is a capacitance and l is inductance of the inductor okay so this is all from the previous couple of lectures so I'm just using the cosine is a constant so it goes out from the integral and all we have is integral of dt which is actually from 0 to t which is actually t so we have equal to 1 over 2 is 0 i is 0 cosine phi times t that's my first one now minus now what is the minus now let's think about integral of of cosine well even if you don't think about anything if t is a period and the periodicity of this function is what it's t divided by 2 omega right which is you know which is multiple of periods so we should expect actually is to be equal to 0 right because if you take a plane function let's say cosine now this is the period obviously if you integrate it that's sum of this plus sum of this it's supposed to be equal to 0 and it is equal to 0 now if you want we can prove it analytically so our intuition is right so we have integral from 0 to t we have minus cosine of 2 omega t plus phi dt right that's what we have now cosine is a derivative of the sine right so we can have the indefinite integral should be minus sine 2 omega t plus phi with some kind of a multiplier so the derivative of this is cosine times 2 omega so I have to divide it by 2 omega I have to do it from 0 to t right now t is one period right one period is 2 omega divided by 2 pi divided by omega so if I will substitute this t for this what I will have I will have sine of t is equal lowercase t is equal to capital T so what will be it will be 4 pi right omega will cancel out 4 pi plus pi divided by 2 omega that will be for t and for 0 it will be sine of 5 but again sine is a periodic function so this value and this value give the same value of sine that's why this will be 0 so we will have 0 so this part disappears that's the answer basically this is an answer of this is my work performed during this time where t is a period of oscillation now from this we can obviously say that the power the average power or we can call it effective power is equal to work during this period of time divided by time so it's equal to one half E0 I0 cosine pi let me make it a little more practical again I0 and E0 are peak voltage and voltage and amperage and again we are not really used to these peak kind of characteristics in practice but we're talking about voltage in the AC outlet to be like 220 or 120 or 100 whatever volts it means effective voltage and again if you forgot about what effective is go to one of the previous lectures it's all explained there so effective voltage is by square root of 2 smaller than the peak and it's defined basically through the work I mean what is my effective voltage and effective amperage which if it was a direct current it perform exactly the same work so that's what effective is so in this particular case we know that effective voltage is smaller by square root of 2 of effective of peak voltage and effective current is also by square root of 2 smaller than peak so the effective ones are constant which give exactly the same work if we have a direct so direct current with this voltage in this amperage give exactly the same work as alternating current with sinusoidal voltage and sinusoidal amperage so if this is true you see this 2 this 2 is 1 square root of 2 times another square root of 2 so I can actually use them and I will put that P effective is equal to E effective times I effective times cosine phi so easy root divided by square root of 2 is effective I 0 divided by square root is I effective and that's why we have this formula which is very simple and what's very important is this cosine okay now let's talk about this cosine if we are talking about RLC circuit it contains resistor capacitor and inductor so let's consider different cases what if I have only our circuit if I have our circuit it means that capacitive reactants and inductive reactants are absent they are 0 no capacitor no inductor just a resistor tangent phi is equal to xc minus xl divided by r which in this particular case phi is equal to what if tangent is equal to 0 my angle is equal to 0 so the cosine is equal to 1 and I have this formula P effective is equal to E effective times I effective because the cosine 0 is 1 this is exactly the same as if it's a direct current you see that's a very important demonstration of why effective voltage and defective current are very important because the law which basically expresses the power consumption is exactly but I'm not exactly it looks exactly the same as the corresponding law for direct current where the P is just equal to E times I where all of them are constant okay so that's very important so there is no capacitor and no inductor similarly if there is a capacitor and there is an inductor but they're equal to each other and we call this a resonance then we will have exactly the same we will have the same formula because then my tangent is equal to 0 my angle is equal to 0 my cosine is equal to 1 so if I don't have capacitor and inductor or I have both of them and they have the same reactances capacitive reactance is equal to inductive reactance which means that 1 over omega c is equal to omega l or omega square is equal to 1 over l times c if this is given so my inductance times capacitance give me the inverse give me a square of angular velocity or if you wish l times c is equal to 1 over omega square same thing so if this condition is satisfied then we still have exactly the same formula because the cosine will be equal to 1 if however I have something like RC which means reactant resistor and capacitor with certain reactance so XL is equal to 0 what do I have in this case well I have certain tangent positive by the way so in my formula the phi will be with a plus sign actually and I will have you know certain correction to the product of effective voltage times effective and the correction factor will be the cosine of x of the angle 10 tangent of which would be equal to xc divided by by r same thing with rl in this case the tangent would be negative right x c would be 0 and this would be minus something so we will have a negative angle and we will have corresponding with the negative angle but the cosine of negative angle is the same as cosine of the positive angle so that doesn't really affect the power so basically that's the final formula I wanted to basically convey to you and certain cases when when we can apply this formula and okay basically that's it read the notes for this lecture they contain maybe some other considerations like one of the considerations what we don't have are I mean it's not practical we don't have any circuit without any kind of resistance right without any kind of resistors everything even just plain wire consumes certain it has certain resistance and it consumes energy but it's interesting that l by itself or c by itself inductor or conductor or combination if there is no resistance my denominator is 0 which means my tangent is equal to 90 degree the cosine will be equal to 0 and the power consumption is 0 so if there is no resistor there is no power consumption well that's it thank you very much and good luck


Γεια σας, είναι Vicky εδώ, και σήμερα θα πάμε ένα καλύτερο κομμάτι σε όλες οι πρόταξες που έχουν been released by Altenew, για Αίπρι. Υπάρχουν πολλές στάμπες και τάσεις σε αυτήν την ριλή, μεγάλο και μεγάλο, αλλά πρώτα, ας ξεκινήσουμε με τα πιο μεγαλύτερα από τα στάμπες. Όλα τα 3 είναι 2 x 3 μεγάλες, και είναι πολύ εξαιρετικές, αλλά είναι πολύ μεγάλο από ένα σημαντικό σημαντικό σημαντικό σημαντικό σημαντικό. Ας ξεκινήσουμε ότι είναι πολύ μεγάλο, αυτό είναι η μηνική μεγαλύτερη, και κόμμα θα βρει αυτό το φωτοδομικό, μεγάλο, και λίγο φαρμοποίλες και νομιπίες, να εμπεραντιζόνεις το σημαντικό. Τώρα, αυτό είναι το σημαντικό σημαντικό, που υπάρχει αυτή η σύμφωνα με τα λαγιά που μπορείτε να τα στενείτε one under the other. Υπάρχει λίγο σημαντικό, και υπάρχει πραγό, εσείς θέλεις να αναφέρεις αυτό. Ας δούμε το 4x6 στάμψετς, αυτό είναι το Partitime στάμψετς. Αυτό δείχνει τη σύγκολη και λίγο στάμψετς για να δημιουργήσουν στρύμματα. Υπάρχουν also sentiments such as Partitime in different phones, Celebrate, Yay. Και μπορείτε να δείτε ότι υπάρχουν αυτοί στάμψετς για να κρατήσουν τη σύγκολη και οι στρύμματα, ως ένα σύγκολη στο παιδί, για να μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσεις κάποια εμπειρία για να χρησιμοποιήσεις αυτή τη στάμψετς. Τώρα, αυτό είναι έναν καλύτερο στάμψετ με σύγκολη, καλύτερο για αυτοί που αρέσουν τη σύγκολη. Αυτό είναι called Happy Heart και μπορείτε να δείτε τα στάμψετς, τα λευκότητα και τα σύγκολη. Και καλύτερο sentiments such as You make my heart happy, thank you from the bottom of my heart and many more. Υπάρχουν also available dyes, just like with every other stumpset. Και αυτό είναι το Foxy Florals stumpset. Αυτό είναι πολύ καλύτερο, αυτοί μου αρέσει και αυτό είναι το one that I am using for the blockhop that is going on at the moment and you will find a link here as well as down below. Υπάρχουν πολλές φλούρες που μπορείτε να δείξεις και να μάτσεις. Υπάρχουν σύγκολη, υπάρχει ένα σύγκολη στο σύγκολη που μπορείτε να δείξεις πώς μπορείτε να δείξεις όλα τα σύγκολη, αλλά μπορείτε να δείξεις και να δείξεις και να δείξεις your very own flowers. Και τώρα, δούμε στο μεγάλο 6x8 στάμψετς. Και πρώτα θα σας δείξω ένα που αυτοί μου αρέσει. Αυτό είναι called mega greetings και όπως μπορείτε να δείξεις, θα σας δείξεις αυτές these huge things and the huge hello. Αυτό είναι σημαντικό να αυτοίξεις your card fronts completely and I absolutely love these types of sentiments when they are so big because they are perfect for a super busy backgrounds so if you have backgrounds created with your jelly plates or you want to play with these stress oxide things or even your alcohol inks then these are great and also this is actually the same font as the mini hello so you can pick whichever you like. Now there are also dies that are the exact same font as this stamp set and they both say hello and thanks and you can mix and match the stamping or the die cutting with the rest of the smaller sentiments in the stamp set. Now this is the gradient stamps and as you can see it is quite big so it's going to cover up completely your card front both vertically and horizontally as you can see it also gives you lots of sentiments that you can use and if you stamp it you will see that just because it starts from a very thin line all the way to a thicker one it gives you this gradient look like a number effect and there is also a die which is called gradient stripes die and it does the exact same effect so you can use that instead of stamping and you can see that it starts from a very thin line and it finally cuts out a bigger and thicker one. Now as you all know all the new makes exceptional layering stamp sets with flowers so let's take a look at two of the stamp sets that have come up for this month. So the first one that you see here is called just for you and it gives you a big flower that consists of four different layers that you stamp one on top of the other and there are also leaves. Now at the back you can see how beautiful this turns out once you stamp it and I like it that it's quite big so it can be the perfect point for a card and there are also magic dies that cuts out also the word you and the second floral layering stamp set for this month is called strength blooms it gives you two different flowers with four layers each as well as leaves and lots of sentiments to dress up your card. Now at the back you will find the guide so you know how to put those layers together and you can see an inspiration of how this will look and also there are matching dies as always and now let's take a look at a couple of very unique dies the first one is called watercolor dots and as you can see it gives you lots of dots for your background and what I love is that they are not perfect dots if you can take a closer look you will see that they are not perfect and it gives you also doodles that you can stamp on top of your dots just to dress them up as well as lovely sentiments and here is some inspiration at the back on how you can make it work now I want to use this stamp set to create a card using pastel rainbow colors and here is another unique stamp set this is called in my thoughts it gives you this lovely tree in the three layers that you can stamp and beautiful sentiments this is a stamp set perfect for sympathy cards or thinking of your cards and I absolutely love this tree it reminds me of japanese art and I'm going to show you the back where you can see how this is going to look when you stamp the tree as well as all the flowers and I like that it has a curve where you can nest inside your sentiment there is a guide to follow and there is also a matching die if you want to cut it out and I like that you can turn it into a winter tree or a spring tree depending on whether you stamp the flowers or not and finally this is the you are loved die which is going to cut out all three words connected so this is going to be one die that you can simply add on top of any background and here is a standard card so you can see how big and nice this sentiment is so it's going to be a lovely focal point on your card so that was the release for the month of April by Altenew I hope this video was helpful so you can take a close-up look and pick your favorite remember there is a blog hope to celebrate this release running at the moment in this blog hope I used this stamp set to create my card and there are many more talented designers where you will find lots of inspiration and many giveaways thank you all for watching and I'll see you next time