on't believe me you don't want to have to watch this if you if you if you can avoid it just trust us it's not it's it's horrific um but uh how you can miss it I mean how can you think it's a manipulation I mean I I remember you know having kids say that they were hurt when I was in 204 you know and where they weren't there we took you know we aired on the side of caution and took them to the hospital even though we didn't believe there was anything wrong and sometimes there was something really wrong um you know it's um but I was you know in reading the report and Jim's comments about it all and your just comments about it and and I go back to Mary and the consequences you know I guess that's my big question is how do we make sure this doesn't happen again so senator I think um I am um the only explanation I can give you is is culture um you know if you convince yourself you know I mean put it in the bigger context of what's going on in the world right now around what's reality or what's not reality and culture drives people's belief systems and um being um you know again I don't want to overplay what happened on Friday but I got to say it again when you start changing people's minds they start looking at things different and the suspicion that um you know uh there's a manipulation going on you've convinced yourself of it I can't explain it all I can do all I can do is is you know you're you're you heard Matt talk about the conversations we have and um you know I don't have a high level of tolerance for if someone needs medical care you know you you know my situation senator I'm a I'm a blessed guy everybody should have that same privilege and so um to litigate you know as Matt said it may be subtle to all of you but it's a big deal that we're not going to force them to litigate for six eight eight months a medical situation needs to be taken care of now it's those kind of things that start changing people's thinking around the way we interact with the the inmate population so I don't I don't have an explanation for it I wish I did I don't I don't one of the one of the things about the change and you you seem much more confident with vital vital vital core vital core um than with centurion but one of the one of the comments that we heard earlier on was it the same staff same nurses same uh it's not is it or is it three three of the four nurses that were involved in this no wonder but I don't I don't want to talk for first you know um well let me just be clear about you know our experience with vital core and what are we on we're we're heading into uh we're heading into December so we're talking five months 150 days you know our experience to date has been positive but there's still challenges in the system that need to be worked out um but I think you know Matt talks about what he's really talking about is under the prior system the health care the health system administrators at each facility would run his staff around when they needed information and I'm not speaking for you Matt but I think this is what we were talking about and I put the word out that if they need information and they have a right to have the information under the statute and get it to stop making them litigate for it and if there's something in that system or something in that conversation in the system that's not getting the proper medical care and if they're not getting the response they should get in their role as the prisoner's rights office then I need to know about it and I think Matt stepped in a couple times and you know I sent the word out get this straightened out. Thank you. Other questions for either Matt or Representative Shaw? Thank you Senator so for either Matt or uh Commissioner Baker so I think you touched on it uh just a moment ago uh Commissioner about your contractor uh you said I think you heard you say three of the four people that were involved in this situation are no longer with but it's also my understanding that most of the staff I'll generalize that as most of the staff that was working for the previous contractor is now working for the current contractor. How do you bring your contractor along with the various training scenarios that you're talking about within DOC and assure yourself and us and others that our medical contractor is properly schooled in the various policies and procedures and trainings that DOC requires? Well I let me make a comment first I'm not sure if most of the staff is still working there is some staff but the leadership team is entirely different so at my level in doing in fact I have a meeting with Vital Core this afternoon to go over some issues that that I'm concerned about and again I'll take it up with them to give them a chance to fix it. I think the difference at that level is is that because we have a deputy commissioner focused in on it the message through Vital Core is very clear since the beginning and I used the Johnson case as a benchmark about the things that we need to work together on to provide a level of community care that they deserve. Now when it comes to the training piece we've already sat in on trainings they've done and I would expect we'll do the same thing with their staff when it comes time to sit in on that training but I'm real hesitant just to put training out there because of what I said earlier it's not training is an awareness to me the real hard work is down changing the outlook of the employees so it takes collaboration and conversation and it's unique because we have six different facilities with six different sets of staff and they're decentralized just like we are so it's those relationships and joint conversations and training together that we're all on the same page. So is your contractually bound to provide or follow your guidance I guess or are they just doing it all the kindness of their heart? I can't say I don't know because I'm not that familiar with the contract but I don't see I've never run up against any resistance in any conversations that I've had with them since July. So should they be bound? You know I don't know because I I'll accept I don't you got me on that one representative. All right thank you. I want to mark this day down that Representative Shaw caught me speechless. Okay thank you. Thank you. Other questions for the commissioner of comment? Senator Hooker. Thank you. Something that Matt said piqued my curiosity he talked Matt about segregation and especially now in the time of COVID and what effects it might have and so my question to you commissioner is is there a difference between the isolation that's disciplinary and the isolations that is related to COVID? You know Matt I think what Matt's referring to right and what you're referring to senator is that you know the reason why we were concerned about Springfield was there there was an arrest made last weekend um pretty violent arrest someone high on drugs and very a lot of people came in contact came into a system we isolate them when they come in test them he was positive so that system of isolating people prevent it from spreading I think Matt would argue that it really doesn't look much different when we medic or we isolate people coming into the system and we segregate people because we're keeping them separated from the rest of the population and no interaction and Matt's points about I'm as concerned as he is and we spend a lot of time with vital core talking about the mental health services provided if there's an area where I feel like we need to do more work is the mental health piece um so isolating them I think Matt's point I'm not speaking for him certainly can speak for himself but I think what he's saying is it just because of the nature of how we isolate people coming into the system for 14 days it's a long time is does take a toll on people now with segregation I'm starting to pay closer attention to segregation because being new into the system it just didn't register with me the significance of it and in the last couple months it started registering with me especially now that we have this this report in front of us so segregation for disciplinary purposes is treated a little bit different but in essence it's the same thing they're isolated from the rest of the population and we're you know they're no different than you and I were social preachers right social interaction is important the point being obviously it's just the isolation is the issue and what an impact it has on the mental health of the person we have people who would like to attend particular hearings in court but are not doing it because if they do they end up in isolation again for 14 days when they get back into the facility so um you know these the impact of this virus is it's more than just the medical impact and I you know I have concerns about the long-term impact as I said before on inmates and on staff who are who are trying to manage it don't know how it's going to manifest itself but you know we in Vermont what is our mass I'm off the top of my head I think we have a 48 hour disciplinary segregation that is the maximum when you without review there you know there's a initial review but it's a 48 hour seg and because we we understand the damage that that can do and you know the mental health side of this thing is huge you know because we have people who are you know 14-day seg to prevent the virus from getting into facilities and spreading um you know it's it's very concerning but I don't I don't know the right answer I don't know which is worse the virus or the the impact of keeping the virus out but it's definitely something that needs to be watched and I know the commissioner I've talked about this many times so it's there's no no this isn't something new that I'm saying that he hasn't heard before is there enough testing there there is senator you know we test a facility a week St. Johnsbury northeast is being tested again today this is the fifth week in a row because we had introduction of the virus through staff members we caught it but the contact tracing we and we'll be shortly moving to testing staff every two weeks because we just do the details out now and then the joint fiscal committee just added I think it was 8.5 million to testing and right part of that testing is supposed to be the correction so you know again this is part of this and I appreciate what Matt said about you know the it's almost it is almost like combat and and the post traumatic stuff you know we're trying you know we have we have a clinician now that we brought on board and we're putting a lot of emphasis onto that and we're trying to work with vital cord to provide the same level of support to the inmate population but you know just imagine this week is the fifth week in a row that we tested St. Johnsbury because of that outbreak and wasn't an outbreak I shouldn't say an outbreak it was because of the exposure into contact tracing and we want to make sure that the facility is clean so the staff has gone through five weeks in a row being tested that's that in itself is stressful and so we have we have plenty of testing the testing is not an issue for us we have a we have an emergency response team that responds with contact tracers and we're training up another 14 contact tracers that are going to be used in the community because as the numbers go up the health department is in need of contact tracers so if if an inmate went to court they would have to come back and segregate for 14 days yeah you know these are the top decisions we make and at the end of the day for me I got to keep the facilities clean because if we you know we get an outbreak and either especially either in northern or springfield where you have the older population or excuse me northwest um where you where you have infirmaries um it could be disastrous and I know it's I hear what Matt's saying I understand it try to do the best we can with it but on the balance something's got to give and I've got to keep the facilities clean other crush either Matt or Jim well but thank you both very much it's a really difficult subject and clearly the the administration response through the downs rec and Martin the court is quite in my view quite well done I'm glad that you're taking up the recommendations but I I hope that in the future we would take these medical conditions much more serious that's what we end up with and that's the major change I think we'd all be looking this committee particularly is I would say it's most concerning this and so many events have occurred within the department of corrections in the back last December the sexual child charges or the sexual charges against probation and parole officer the other things that have been going on I don't know if the next witnesses are available our next subject is the construction report which representative Evans I believe Al Cormier is going to be the chief of operations Al Cormier is going to cover this because I have another commitment well Mr we appreciate your being here I get we've we're scheduled for 1230 with Jennifer Finch yeah Mr buildings and general services and Eric Bill Cormier principal assistant buildings and general services so they're here right now I just emailed their admin and said we're ready for them so I'm hoping they join it join momentarily well why don't we just take a momentary break and hopefully they'll be here by 1230 1225 according to my watch senator thanksgiving wishes to everybody on this thank you Jim


Hi, everyone. I'm Naomi Kurahara, co-founder and CEO of Infostera. So the Infostera is a space startup to provide an antenna sharing platform for satellite operators. So we are working in space industry. Sounds cool, right? But you may think space business also sounds something from sci-fi movie, and it doesn't feel real, almost. But we are real. We are a startup working in Tokyo. So I want to talk about today what we are doing now in Tokyo. So why space? People often ask me why I'm doing space business. The basic answer is simple, because I want to do so. When I was really young, I started to dream to work in space. My parents took me to a theme park called Space World. That is a Japanese one. Unfortunately, the place no longer exists, that closed last year. However, I remember when I first visited there, it was really amazed me. And I started to dream to work in space. And in the same period, I also watched many news articles about space. For example, first Japanese astronaut visited International Space Station ISS. And special missions in US were really active in that time. However, now, after 20, 25 years later, why I cannot go to space now? Why nobody is working in moon? So I'm really disappointed. And then I started to feel, OK, I have to change this situation. If I fly myself to the moon, no one fly me to the moon. So I started in Foster. By the way, do you know famous Japanese old story, Momotaro? The Momotaro is the name of the man who wanted to beat bad monster. Today, so he recruited a team member, dog, monkey, and bird. I also needed to my team member because I knew space systems, satellite industry. However, I didn't know about the startup or manufacturing things. So I recruited cars, the left side of the screen. He had some experience about the other startup. And I also recruited Toshi, who was working in the manufacturing industry more than 20 years. So three of us started in Foster in January 2016 and started to fight with big monster, space industry. Space industry is big, heavy, demanding, and slow, but also changing. Besides my dream, there is a business opportunity in space industry now. Here shows the number of space startups plotted in founded year. As you see, the number is increasing since 2010. However, unfortunately, not many startups are not yet succeeded. You should know SpaceX. They are doing good. But unfortunately, not many other space startups reached the stage like them. So what is the difference of winning company and the others in space business? I see simple difference of quality of the business. In company, reach the product phase, service phase quickly, provide on-demand service. Also, it built to scale. And top of it all, they keep cost low. You may think this is really clear, obvious, and those should be applied in all space startups. However, this is sort of difficult for space business because the space industry, space business, the resources still not unlocked yet. And also, the many regulations we have to consider and the cost is expensive. You should know rocket is really expensive. But also, the ground system for satellite business is expensive. You need an antenna to communicate with the satellite. And the antenna is expensive. And the system to control the satellite is expensive. And if you want to build an antenna, often it took six months, often more than a year. So those situations makes the space business difficult to succeed. But in FOSTA, we want to change the situation. We want to provide, we will provide the environment. The other space business needs to succeed. We built a platform called the Celestation. We want to solve the ground system issue. As I said, that is expensive. So we provide a platform to share antenna and ground system. It's surprisingly, maybe most of them, an antenna typically used 40 minutes per day. It's expensive, but usage rate is really low. So we built a platform, including a device, to connect an antenna to our platform.  And once an antenna is connected to our sharing platform, the other operators could share the system all over the world. And we are thinking to use this platform for deep space missions, future deep space business also. So that means when you visit Mars, we will provide a commercial communication. So you could use Twitter or Instagram on Mars. So next here is my last part of my presentation. So why Tokyo? Why we are doing this business in Tokyo? As you see, the space business is global, universal. Actually, most of the customers are non-Japanese.  So why we are in Tokyo? People, again, also asked me why I started IFOSDA in Tokyo. Actually, the space industry centered in US and Russia historically. And also, when people asked to me, I see two assumptions behind. One, US company is global. Two, Japanese company cannot go to global. I didn't have answer the questions before. A global company in Tokyo, really? You think so? But now I can say we are in Tokyo because we are global. If I started IFOSDA in US, maybe I focused on US market or US customer at the beginning because it is big. However, the US market and global market is not equal. As you see, the population in Asia is growing. And that means the future, our end user, will live in Asia. So space data, satellite data, will be used in Asia widely in future. So we are in Tokyo. But also, you may think that there are challenges to work in Tokyo like language or culture things. But again, we made really global team. We have now 20 people. And about half is non-Japanese. We speak English. In office, we use English for presentation, documentation, meetings. And not only for nationalities, our background is really various. Our investors are also global. A dream brought to me here. We made a global team in Tokyo. We are doing space real business in Tokyo. So why not? Your company can do this. So this is the end of my presentation. Thank you.  So I hope I have another chance to talk my workaholic mom challenge. Thank you very much.


Hello everyone. I'm Sanjay Gupta. I welcome you on Sanjay Gupta Tech School. So today in this C and C++ coding bootcamp, we are going to discuss about 1D array. So this is day 14 and I hope till now you have gone through all the videos. Those were related to different topics which are available in C programming, right? So if you have any question in previous session, do utilize the telegram group whose link is available in the description of this video and session tracker link is also available in the description of this video. And if you are for the first time on this YouTube channel and if you want to know about your instructor. So with this slide, you will be able to know like who I am and what I'm doing, what I have done. So you will get to know everything about me with this slide. So consistency is the key. So please do regular practice and follow all the session. And I'm sure if you're a beginner, no matter whatever is your background, technical, non-technical, if you want to learn your first programming language, so I think C programming is the best way to understand or start the programming, right? So do regular practice and session tracker link is available in the description of this video. So here you will see lots of sessions I have already delivered and their links are available, right? And some more additional video links I added so you can just go through those. And if you have any kind of question, so with this telegram group, like you can just scan the QR code and you can become the part of that telegram group. So follow Sanjay Gupta Tech School on YouTube, LinkedIn, Instagram or Telegram and all the important links are available in the video's description. Okay, so with this, let's start arrays and C programming, right? So till now we have gone through how we can write conditional statements, how we can write iterative statement with the help of loop. Now array is very, very different in programming and everybody needs to understand the uses of array because these are used in other programming languages as well. So in some programming languages, they are known as collections. In some programming languages, they are known as arrays, right? So basically, we need to understand what array is. So basically, if we talk about the definition or some important points related to array. So on the screen, you can see there are four points listed, which tells about what is actually an array. So the requirement is whenever you have lots of data available with you, and you want to store them together. So what you can do, you can create an array. So basically an array is a collection of more than one elements. So till now, if we talk about last 13 sessions, so what we have done, we have created variables where we can store single, single values, right? Now, if your requirement is in a single variable, you want to store more than one values. So what you will do, you have to create an array, right? So that is the basic need of creation of array. So array basically stores homogeneous, which means similar type of elements. So because of data type, like if you are creating an array, so for all the data, data type will be same. So that's why you can store similar type of elements in an array. And all elements of array store under a single variable. So you need to just create a variable. It's data type, and then you need to define like how many elements you will be storing. And all elements of array stores continuously in memory. So one after another, your elements will be available in the area. So what is the need of an array? So if we store more than one values in a variable, then it only stores the last value. That is one variable can store one value at a particular time. So this slide is very much important for you. If you are a beginner, right? So you need to understand the need of an array. So sometimes people ask you why we are creating array if we have variables available, right? So if we can store values into variables, so what is the need of array? So with this slide, you will be able to understand the need of array. So if we store more than one values in a variable, right? In one variable, if you are storing more than one values, so it will, it will always store the last value because the prior values will be overridden. So one variable can store one value at a particular time. So I hope everybody will agree with this statement, right? Now, if you have more than one values and you want to store them, so what you will do? So we have two solutions. One is we can store more than one values into more than one variables at the same time. So if you want to store five values, so you can create five variables. If you have 10 values, you can create 10 variables. Now, again, the problem is if you have 10 variables and you are storing 10 values into them, so those 10 variables will be having different names, right? So what you can do? You can create an array, right? Third point says, but in case of array, we can store more than one values in single variable at the same time, right? So through array, variable name will be same, like a variable name you have to create one. And in that one variable, you can store many number of values, right? So now we need to understand how we can create array. So that is very much important, right? So I'm going to show you how we can create arrays in C programming and how we can store multiple values into them. So I will be explaining each and every concept and we'll be implementing a few examples in front of you. So if you see types of arrays, so there are three types of arrays available. We have one D array, which is collection of more than one elements. One D array means there will be only one row available. Then we have 2D array. In 2D array, we will be having collection of rows and columns, right? So if you have more than one one D arrays of same data type, and if you want to club them together, so in that case, you will be able to create a 2D array, right? So 2D array is basically collection of more than one one D arrays, or you can say if you want to have rows and columns in place and that rows and columns will be identified with us with a single variable. In that case, you can use a 2D array notation and the last one is 3D array. So 3D array is a collection of more than one 2D arrays, right? So if you want to group 2D arrays, so in that case, you will be able to create a 3D array, right? So in today's session, we'll be focusing on one D array, like how we can create one D array, how we can use that one D array to store multiple values, okay? So first of all, we need to understand the declaration. So you just need to define the data type, then you will be defining the name of array, and then in square brackets, you will be defining the size of the array, right? So data type can be anything. So if you see the examples, we have three examples int, a10, float, b10, and care, c10, right? So three examples are available in front of you, and you can see these three examples are having three different data types, okay? And if we talk about int a of 10, so a is a variable which is having 10 blocks, and if I say like this integer type variable a is an array which can store 10 integer elements into it, and all those integer values will be identified with a, then we have float b of 10, so this is another array which will be having 10 elements of float type, then we have care, c of 10, so c is another name, which is of type character, and it can store 10 character values, right? So you can declare any type of array, and in the comments, you can see we have total size, like for which array, what number of bytes will be allocated in the memory, so it depends on the size, like how many elements you want to store, and according to that, your actual memory will be occupied, so this way we will be declaring arrays and c programming, now if I move forward, so here you can see the memory allocation, so basically, we have an example of int a of 10, so let's say we have 10 elements, we want to store them together under a single variable, so here variable name is a, data type is int, so this a variable can store 10 elements, so 10 blocks are available here, and one important terminology is available, that is known as index, right? So this index is basically starting from 0, and it is ending till 9, so starting from 0, that's why it is ending at 9, because size is 10, now you might be thinking why it is starting from 0, so whenever you are using array, or maybe if you talk about any other programming language like arrays are available in c, c++, java, and if you talk about apix, so in apix, this array is basically known as list, that is available in java as well, so basically in these cases when you have group of values, so always first location will be identified with 0, okay? So basically index is used to access location of an array uniquely, now you might be thinking why these many indexes are available, because this whole memory location is identified with name a, now if 10 blocks are having same name, that is a, how you can tell to the compiler which location you want to access, so that we identify with the help of index, so at the bottom you can see examples a9 equals to 50, so what does it mean? Assign 50 at 9th index of the array, so a9 means last element, last index, last index will be having element as 50 assigned, then we have x equals to a of 3, so what is happening here? a of 3 means 3 is an index, so whatever value is available at a3 index, so that value will be assigned to x variable, so it means this position, 4th position whose index is 3, so that value will be assigned into x variable, so this way basically array occupies memory, and it is very important for you if you are a beginner, so you need to understand like how memory is allocated, so I hope with this example you are able to understand, now moving further we need to know how we can initialize 1D array, so 1D array we can initialize with these examples you can see, so whenever you want to initialize 1D array, so basically you just need to put the values in curly basis, so first is int a of 5 equals to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, so 5 is the size and you are assigning 5 values, so that is okay, if you don't have size and you assign some values that is also okay, because the total number of values will decide like how many elements that array can store, third is not okay because size is not available and number of elements is also not available, so that will give you an error message, then we have int a of 2 equals to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, so size is 2 and we are assigning more than 2 values, so this is also not okay, so now what we have, we have fifth option, fifth option says int a of 5 equals to 1, 2, so size is 5 and we are initializing less than 5 values, so we are initializing only 2 values that is 1 and 2, so this is also okay, so this you need to know like whenever you are initializing any array, so this way you are able to do that, so I hope till now you are able to understand whatever I explained, so now moving forward, so this is another thing which is very much important, so what you need to do, you just need to know how we can read values into array and how we can display the values which are available inside array, so here you can see whenever you are working with array, so in array we have lots of values right and those values you can process with the help of loop, so in arrays you will understand the real application of loop, so here for loop which is starting from zero i equals to zero, condition is i less than 10 and with loop we have scanf statement which is having percent either ampersand of i, so this scanf will repeat 10 times, so loop is starting from zero and it will end till 9, so zero to nine those are 10 elements, so 10 rotations will be done and one by one each element will be stored into a array, so name of array is same that's why we are able to apply a loop and here you can see we have i, so i is basically zero, so first time it will be a zero, so first element will go to a zero, then i plus plus will happen, so next element will go to a of one, then next element will go to a of two, so this way array name is same that's why you are able to repeat that statement with the help of loop and if you want to print values of array, so again same loop you can write but instead of scanf you need to write printf and if you are using scanf so you need to use address operator so that you can define on which location you want to store the value and in case of printf that ampersand is not required compiler is capable enough to fetch the value from that particular index without using ampersand sign, right? So this way I hope you understood the basic concepts of 1D array, how we can create 1D array, how we can allocate memory to 1D array, how we can initialize it, how we can read values into 1D array and how we can display the values which are stored into array, so these are some basic concepts which are related to 1D array and everybody needs to know them. Now basis on that I'm going to implement a couple of examples in front of you so that you can understand how actually we can write a program in C that is implementing array. So the program says calculate some of 10 numbers using array. So what we are going to do we will be reading 10 numbers from user and then we'll be calculating some of those 10 numbers with the help of array, right? So now moving to the compiler so you can open any online compiler where you can write the code. So I'm also using this online compiler and this unnecessary code I'm just removing. So here I'm going to declare one 1D array and I variable for loop and some variable so that we can store the calculated some into this variable, right? Now what I need to do? First of all, I need to read 10 values from user. So I'm going to write a printf statement which will say enter 10 elements. That's it. So we don't want to show to the user and user that like we are using array or any other data set. So to user you just need to show enter 10 elements, right? Now you can implement a follow which will start from zero. Then it will go to 10 I less than 10 then I plus plus now inside this for loop what you need to do you will be writing scanf then m percent and a of I okay. So this way you you will be writing the loop where you can receive elements from the user. So this time we created array of size 10. So that's why loop is repeating 10 times. If you modify it to 20 so what you can do wherever you have written 10 so you just need to replace it to 20. So loop will repeat 20 times and 20 elements you will be able to store, right? Now if you want to calculate some so we have two ways one is in the same loop where we where we are reading the values from the user we can apply calculation, right? And what you can do after completion of this loop you can create one more loop and in that loop also you can do some calculation where you will be able to calculate some of the values, right? So here what I'm going to do I'm going to write some equals to some plus a of I so whatever value will be available into a of I that value will be added into some initially some is 0 so 0 plus and that value so both will be added and the result will be stored into some so this this process will happen 20 times because right now size is 20 and loop will repeat 20 times but again I am just reducing it to 5. I'm just reducing it to 5 for demo purpose but in your case whenever you are going to implement this in your system so you can have any number of size right whatever number of values you want to process you can now up sorry after completion of this loop I can have a print of statement there I'm writing some equals to percent D and the variable some so this is the loop line number eight nine ten eleven these four lines are basically loop which will repeat and here after completion of loop I'm just printing some of the values okay so I have one comment like Amit is saying hi so hi Amit I hope you are enjoying the session and you are able to understand whatever I explained so far and I hope you are able to understand the program which I am demonstrating right so if you have any question you can ask so basically this code is calculating some of ten set some of five numbers and that some will be stored into some variable and after completion of this loop that some will be displayed now what I'm going to do I'm going to run this code so here I'm entering to five times here I'm writing here I'm entering to five times so you can see the result is 10 you can see the result is 10 so five times loop is repeating and all the elements are added and final result is basically 10 right so processes working fine it is showing all the correct results and if you want to improve it or you want to enter more numbers so you can just modify the size of area accordingly you can modify the termination of loop and the whole process will remain same so this is the benefit of area like if you want to quickly modify you want to process ten numbers so easily what you can do you can change five into ten right so loop will repeat ten times and ten numbers will be added automatically and after completion of this loop this printer will be displaying some on the screen okay so this was first example that I demonstrated in front of you now I have one more example so this I'm going to implement as well so we need to count the number of even and odd values in area so we need to count number of even and odd values in area so basically what will happen you will be receiving lots of numbers to gather into an area and then you need to identify from that area how many numbers are even and how many numbers are odd okay so now I'm going to implement solution for this so here I'm going to modify this code so even is zero or is also zero so in previous example what we did we just calculated some now in this example we need to count how many are even values and how many are odd so what I'm going to do here with this code snippet line number seven to ten I just displayed a message enter ten elements then a loop which will repeat ten times and ten numbers will be entered now here what will happen I'm going to implement loop one more time so I'm going to show you one more aspect like it is not necessary to write logic whenever you are reading the values it is also possible to implement one more loop where we can write the business logic so here what we need to do we need to write if a of I modulus to double equals to zero right so it will be incrementing even plus plus because if number is divisible by two completely if a of I modulus to double equals to zero so if number is completely divisible by two and result is equals to zero so we can say even the number is even so I'm just incrementing even plus plus and here else I can write odd plus plus if number is completely divisible by two so it means it is even if it is not divisible then automatically that number will be odd so with this loop code will be able to identify how many even numbers and how many odd numbers are available in the area right so what we can do here I can write printf even equals to person D then backslash and odd equals to person D then even comma odd so this way with this single printf statement both even and odd count will be displayed and in different value different rows or you can say in different lines because I have used backslash and here right so this way you can implement array programming in C so I hope if you are a beginner so for you it is very fruitful and you are able to understand how I implemented the logic one more thing what you can do this logic which I implemented inside this loop you can you can cut it and you can paste it here it is also possible and in that case no need to write loop one more time so this is another way to do this so I'm just going back backward so that we have two different loops so I will be testing it first then I will be pasting the code again in the first loop and will remove the second loop and again I will test so we have 10 size or 10 numbers I need to enter and then we'll see the result so I'm going to run this code so I'm entering one two three four five six seven eight nine and ten so I entered five even and five odd you can see the result is showing that it means code is working fine now what I'm going to do I'm cutting it from here removing this loop and pasting the code here right so what is happening here what is happening here loop is repeating ten times and receiving one value at a time and immediately we are checking whether that number is even or odd and accordingly even and odd counting is happening right so this way result will be processed so now again I'm going to run this code and entering 10 different values so you can see the result is same even equals to five and odd equals to five right so this way in both the case code is working fine so I hope you are able to understand the logic with this way so these two problems I demonstrated in front of you today so do practice if you're a beginner so for you I think it might take 15 to 20 minutes if you want to write the code so initially what you can do first code you can write by seeing the solution in front of you and second program you can start doing yourself so that you can have enough confidence right so this is it for today like I just started with basic introduction of one year and then implemented couple of examples tomorrow also I will be having the session on one year so I will implement more programs based on one year so that you can understand how those array concepts are used in C programming okay so please write a review or feedback about this boot camp where all the sessions are available back to back with proper exercises and I hope you are learning the concept as well as you are learning how to implement solution for complex programs right so this is it for today's session see you tomorrow with some more insights related to one day array thank you so much for joining today's session see you tomorrow same time keep practice keep practice practicing and be consistent thank you so much


Hello, welcome to this lecture on digital communication using GNU radio. My name is Kumar Appaya and I belong to the department of electrical engineering at IIT Bombay. In this lecture, we are going to take a look at channel equalization. In particular, we are going to see the impact of having a medium or channel that affects the propagation. So, in addition to noise and receiver impairments, what happens if the medium of communication actually changes your signal? So, as we just mentioned, the medium of propagation affects performance. Your medium may be a wire where at very high frequencies, there is some distortion. It may be an air or wireless medium where there may be reflection, there may be some noise and there may be some phase changes and it could be underwater, it could be a fiber optic cable. So, different media produce different modifications of the signal that you transmitted and these also affect your ability to detect symbols correctly. So, mediums effectively produce linear or non-linear changes in the signal. The question is, can we measure these changes and undo them? Of course, the answer is yes, because you have been using your telephones or cell phones every day and many of your media devices work because they essentially calibrate to the medium and they are able to correct for the effects of the medium as well. So, in this context, we are going to look at some simple channel models and then look at linear equalization that is wherein you are going to know what the channel distortion is and try to undo it, especially if the channel is an LTI system. That is what we are going to see in the next few lectures. So, we will begin with the same transmission model that we have been seeing throughout this course. The signal that you are transmitting is your X of t also known as S of t in some context. It is summation k runs from 0 to minus infinity to infinity, bk gtx of t minus kt. You can think of your bk as being the data points or constellation points, gtx of t minus kt is the pulse that you use. It is like a sync pulse or a root rate cosine pulse or rectangular pulse, whatever pulse that honors your power constraints and the bandwidth constraints and this is essentially transmitted through the medium that we are interested in. We will now for this lecture assume that the channel is an LTI, there is a linear and time invariant system with an impulse response gc of t. Now, in general you must typically assume that the channel is not a linear and time invariant medium. Examples of non-linear media are let us say fiber optic cables where you spend a lot of power then it affects your signal in a non-linear way and what about time invariance? For example, a wireless medium where suppose you are moving in a car or a train then the actual medium which you are experiencing in terms of the reflections which the signal undergoes before coming to your device are actually different. So the assumption that channels or media are actually linear and time invariant is not specifically correct but over snapshots of small durations it is linear and time invariant and this assumption comes in handy when we want to understand what the medium does and try to correct for it. So that is the consideration in this particular lecture series but eventually you may encounter some media that do not satisfy the conditions. We will be using this channel example because it is somewhat instructive. Basically this is a simple example that is adapted from one of the reference books for this course. You are going to send symbols at the rate of sorry yeah you are going to send symbols at the rate of half symbols per second and the pulse that you are using this g t x of t like I mentioned is a rectangular pulse that goes from 0 to 2, 2 seconds you can assume 0 to 2. So you are going to send the symbols at half symbols per second. The channel we are assuming is an impulsive channel that is it has an impulse at 1 of weight 1 and impulse at 2 of weight negative half. So now you may say why is this an impulsive channel you know is that realistic. Actually an impulsive channel does not necessarily mean that the channel is actually impulsive. In the bandwidth of interest treating it as an impulse probably does a good job because essentially your channel is just shifting for example this particular channel if you look at it from an impulse you know representation perspective you can write it as delta of t minus 1 minus half delta of t minus half. So in a sense your channel is just delaying and then adding another delayed copy with a negative sign. So this is probably good enough for you know assuming that it is a delay and combined channel therefore the impulses are justified. Now this p of t is what you end up getting if you convolve g t x and g c. Now the reason why this makes sense is because you have g t x and g c in the earlier situation you have only g t x but now the effective pulse after propagating through the channel is g t x convolved with g c. So that is something which you have to keep in mind that is earlier the matched filter was matched to g t x of t but now the new effective pulses p of t which is g t x convolution g c of t. Now the optimal matched filter is matched to p star of minus t and that can be proved but before that let us just go back and prove that this is indeed the p of t that you will get. So our g t x has this form and g c has the form of delta of t minus 1 plus minus half delta of t minus 2. Now let us actually just do this. So if you remember our g t x of t let us not use right let us use. So our g t x of t has this form and g c of t let me write it in terms of the impulses because it is convenient delta of t minus 1 minus half delta of t minus 2. By the way remember that the rate of signaling is actually half symbol per second. So one symbol is from 0 to 2 seconds the next is from 2 to 4 and so on. If you now convolve these then it is very simple all you need to do is take g t x of t delay it by 1 that is the impact of this and delay it by 2 and minus half. So from 2 to 4 it is minus half this amplitude is 1 this amplitude is 1. If you combine these you are going to get from 1 to 2 this does not affect you. So from 1 to 2 you are going to get 1 you are going to get p of t from 1 to 2 you are going to get 1 from 2 to 3 this is 1 and this is minus half. So you are going to get half and from 3 to 4 there is nothing here and here there is minus half. So this is 1 this is half minus half this is precisely the p of t that we have shown here. So this is just p of t is now the effective pulse that is received at the receiver. The major change that you see here is that your symbol was between 0 and 2 seconds at the transmitter at the receiver it now spreads between 1 and 4 seconds. In other words a delay is something that we can adjust in fact in the previous lectures we have seen how we can estimate the delay unfortunately now what has happened is that the signal is not only delayed but it is spread. So these channels are generally known as dispersive because the symbols spread due to the longer length. Now the problem is that the spreading actually means we are going to now stretch into the next symbols duration because from 0 to 2 seconds you send symbol 1 2 to 4 you send symbol 2. Now symbols the 0 to 2 seconds you send the first symbol that occupies 1 to 4. The second symbol is going to occupy between 2 and 5 or rather sorry the first symbol is between 0 and 2 this first symbol was sent between 0 and 2 it occupies between 1 and 4 because of the delay. The second symbol is between 2 and 4 it will occupy between 3 and I believe 3 and 6 3 and 6. So that means this particular area is a place where there is inter-symbol interference that is you are going to have a mixing of the first and second symbols. Similarly in the second and third symbols will also have a bit of mixing therefore you have what is called inter-symbol interference which means mixing of symbols and this is something that you have to handle. Now just re-emphasizing we saw the new effective pulse now the optimal matched filter at the receiver is something you have to consider. It turns out that the optimal matched filter is matched to a new effective pulse P of t which is obtained by convolving GTX and GC. The proof outline is similar you just have to use hypothesis testing in AWGN but intuitively what you are doing is you are just looking at minimizing the norm of the received minus the transmitted norm square and if you take the norm square and essentially expand it you end up getting GTX convolution GC terms this is something that is skipped for brevity but the intuition is that the pulses spread using PT now so P of minus t star is the natural matched filter. Now this is actually okay but what is the visual that you can sort of see. So whenever you have a channel which is dispersive what does dispersive mean it spreads the pulses. Let us say that this is actually a multi level channel which has you know it is a 4 level channel I am sending PAM 4 and what I did is for PAM 4 if you use something like a root trace cosine pulse you have these 4 levels okay 0 you have 1 you have 2 and you have 3 that is why you have 0, 1, 2, 3 over here and a single pulse is essentially sent and then the next pulse is you know the single pulse is received next pulse is also received and then overlapped next pulse is received and also overlapped and this kind of constant overlap can be used to produce what is called an eye diagram. An eye diagram basically says okay take a symbol interval and keep drawing the symbol on top of each other and that will essentially give you an eye diagram. Now in this eye diagram you can see that 0 is one of the levels 1 is a level 2 is a level 3 is a level so it is PAM 4 and if you look at the vertical gap between any 2 levels that gives you an indication of the robustness to noise like how robust are you to noise noise will essentially change the vertical level because noise adds similarly horizontally you are able to see how much the timing offsets are going to affect you. So whenever you have a channel which convols these eye diagrams are useful to check how reliable your detectability is because open eyes means channel is good you do not need to do much in terms of correction a closed eye means you have to really struggle because you have to do something to really recover your data you may not be able to recover it. So eye diagram actually gives you an intuition on how good or bad the channel is and we can actually generate eye diagrams easily in GNU radio as well that is something which we will see in a subsequent lecture. But the intuition that you are taking away is the channel effect can be easily observed by an eye diagram and closing an opening of this eye essentially indicates the effect of this channel and your ability to detect the signal. Now the question which we are going to ask is what is the optimal strategy for example when we were about to detect a single signal under additive white Gaussian noise or some other such impairment what we ended up doing was we just wrote the hypothesis we had to maximize the likelihood we said minimum distance and we wrote it out. What is the answer in this situation when you have a sequence of symbols? So for this the strategy that we use is maximum likelihood sequence estimation also maximum likelihood sequence detection you know the optimal strategy is to estimate the sequence that is the most likely one that was sent given that you observe a sequence of voice. In other words if you have B as BK a vector of possible sequences right in the earlier situation you could make symbol by symbol decisions because one symbol did not overlap into the time region of the next symbol. So you could take this particular time interval and you have even in the case of sync you may argue a sync was longer than or a root trace cosine was longer than the duration of one symbol that is true. But the way you designed the root trace cosine and the sync was that after match filtering the Nyquist ISI criterion was satisfied and by sampling at the right locations the effect of all the other syncs go away or trace cosines go away unfortunately that is not going to happen here because you are going to have the impact of the this symbol on the next symbol also. So you have now a convolution effect which is going to persist like we mentioned 1, 2, 3 seconds was 1, 2, 4 seconds was the first symbol 3, 2, 6 seconds was the second symbol so between 3 and 4 is the combination of the first and second symbol. Now we have to maximize this particular metric it is called capital lambda of B where B is a vector it is a column vector is real part of Y SB now what is SB? SB is actually the sequence that is contains all these vectors that is S of t is in a sense summation over K BK P of t minus KT this is the sequence that you are essentially received. So, this is fine or you know if you write out your Gaussian noise hypothesis and minimize this will come in the e power minus you use the fact that the noise affecting each is a noise affecting each of the values of you know B is essentially independent and multiply it out you will get this this is not very difficult the now how do you maximize this you know why because you have the observations of why you essentially got them you then have to maximize this particular quantity that is real part of angle bracket Y SB. Now the problem here is that let us say that you take a group of a 1000 symbols let us say that there is 1000 QPSK symbols to detect what is the number of possible SB's that you can consider SB's are these let us say K equal to 0 to 999 these are my SB's the question which we have to ask is what are the possible DK's that can occur it turns out that there are 4 to the power 1000 why because it can be 1 symbol 4 4 possible symbols the first 4 possible symbols in the second one 4 possible symbols in the third and so on which means the total number of possibilities is 4 power 1000 4 power 1000 brute force search is just not feasible even if you reduce the number and you know try to do this or if you go for some constellation like quam 16 or quam let us say people are even using quam 2048 quam 1024 it's actually very prohibitive and this kind of approach is not going to be possible. So now we have some questions we have to now look at some questions one question to ask is do we actually just say we can't do maximum likelihood sequence estimation or detection we just give up and do something suboptimal and the answer to that is a little complicated the thing is you have to do something which is you know suboptimal on some occasions but there is a better approach the better approach is can we actually do something to reduce the number of computations well it turns out that we can transform this particular quantity into an additive metric and start making decisions as we go along in fact this particular approach which uses the so-called Witterby algorithm allows you to perform maximum likelihood sequence estimation without having to do the brute force search of 4 power 1000 or similar that is something which we will see in the next class where we derive the we will derive the Witterby algorithm branch matrix and use that to compute what optimal decisions on B case can be made as and when we go on. So this is something we will cover in the subsequent lecture. Thank you.


How y'all doing? I'm Dave on Allen. I'm a legal technician for Alabama Extension. Got my bachelor's in animal science, get my master's in plant and soil science, plan to be a veterinarian. I also want to work for the USDA for a little bit, so getting my foot in the door with Alabama Extension is definitely something great. I mean, if my career grows here, that's awesome, but more than anything, I definitely want to serve my community in different parts of the United States. Definitely get out there, go to the events, see what it's about, because I mean, it's more than just about animals, it's about health. Not only do I get to use my bachelor's, but I also get to use my knowledge to go talk to people, even younger generations that don't have no idea what agriculture is, or seeing people that are actually active in agriculture, with everything being engineering, everything being aerospace, everything being military, defense, or just MI, AI, stuff like that. I mean, just knowing that agriculture's here and staying, you got to eat, you got to produce clothing, so I just think me being out there, going to go talk to younger generation, going to go with Extension, do field days, go out there and support the community, and just letting them know this is what we do, this is what we can support it. Check out the Extension website, just go do your research on what you want to learn about, what you want to be involved in, and what you're passionate about.


What is it that you should be doing? How hard should you be throwing in practice? Show me what you got! I've had this question come up a lot lately. You don't throw hard enough. You throw too hard. What is it? Which should you do? How much? We know that this is your homework. Well, I'm going to tell you in this video. Check it out. Everybody, it's Eric Johnson in today's YouTube video. One of the things we're going to talk about is training speed. How hard should we be throwing in practice? Now, whether you're a beginner, intermediate or advanced thrower, this is just a good tip to keep in mind that you need a little bit of everything. And one of the things we like to do is we like to start out on normal practice days. If we're not simulating a competition, one of the things we're going to be talking about is three training speeds. And one of the things, if you haven't checked it out, check out our video on how to warm up properly with your throws. And this will kind of add on to that video. So what we're talking about is the one, two, three speed of your throws practices. So that means we're going to start out with level one. Level one is going to be in that kind of anywhere from 50 to 70 percent. Very easy. We're trying to set patterns. So we want to take a number of throws as we begin to feel the right motions, connections, stretch. If it's the discus, everything's long and stretching and you're feeling that. Very similar like what we talked about in the video on warm up speed and how to pattern properly. But here's what we're going to do. When we look at our daily practices, we want to take some of those throws, 50 to 70 percent. We want to get in their field positions and we want to, again, set up patterns. So that's why we're going to take a number of those throws. Are we continuous and smooth? And when you're slower like that, one of the most important things is you're going to feel positions. It's super, super critical. Now, one of the other things that we're going to do is we're going to go to the level two on our speed. And what is that? So now we're going to increase maybe from 70 to up to 80 percent. So a real simple thing is that if you have like a 200 foot discus throw and you're looking at 80 percent of 200, that's 160 feet. That is not a huge throw for a 200 foot discus throw. But that's an 80 percent of their max. So they need to put effort and put a cone out and be working that 80 percent. It's just fast enough to be able to move faster than say that 50 to 70 percent range. Work on creating the right patterns for the central nervous system. I know people throw that out, but that's true. Throwing is very unnatural. You're trying to learn patterns and train your body and your mind is telling your body what to do. So having those speeds that enable you to have that kinesthetic feel, that ability to understand positions and understand if you're on balance or off or what felt good or what didn't. If it felt short, if it felt long, all these sorts of things that are really important to have that feedback to make an adjustment.  So if we're slowing down just enough, do we feel everything staying longer and developing and that's the key of these shorter speeds. So anywhere from that 50 to 80. So now you got the third speed and that's that competition gear and we definitely like to go hard, especially as we go into season. We're going to be simulating a lot more meat style situations where we're warming up like a meat, we're competing in practice. We want throws where fouls count and the whole deal and we want to go hard and fast and we want to simulate scenarios and that sort of thing. And we'll talk about that more in another video, but that comp speed, that full 100% full throttle type throw where you're really getting after it chasing it and you're starting to learn that timing where you're trying to go super fast. But you want to set up the speeds one and two first so that you're going to be able to feel and move into that like, okay. Now I got the pattern set. I feel the technique. I feel the rhythm. Now I'm just going to increase the speed on all phases of that and I'm going to hit it. It's not going to be, I'm going to go slow and then just hit the finish. I'm going to be moving everything's quicker. My wind-ups a little faster. My entries a little faster. So in our situation, pillar one's faster. Two, three, four, five, six. Everything's faster across the board because we want that competition speed and that competition speed and super fast continuous motion, whether that's the glider's shot, that's what's going to add up to the big distances. At any rate everybody, thanks so much for watching. If you like this video, be sure to comment below. Give us a thumbs up and hit that subscribe button and we will see you on the next video. Be sure to check out our next videos. Be sure to subscribe. Visit our website for free videos. Click the links below. We have links to our free mini course. Check out our websites for camps and different detailed information. Throw farther faster by understanding the science with the Throwing Chain Reaction System. Thanks so much for watching.


Hello everyone. Does the video appears on this screen? Yes. Okay, perfect. And get started. Okay, so everyone, I represent the talk about the elf of the KD community. My name is Karashua, I'm a KD developer in 2008. I think because of what I have got some good overview of multiple teams in KDE, and I'm so good to be able to get some Q and A applications, and it is not made. This is actually a continuation of previous blog post of mine. It's a similar analysis of what Hans Peter Johnson did for Gnome, and it's using his tool, named Funalder. So that's a quick recap of my previous blog post. I got some analysis of all the KDE repositories, how to read these graphs, what the beige graphs are, what the new contributors, or the occasional contributors, and then the color represents the contributors that started in 2017, for example, for the red color. And you can see how it evolves on the time. And the same thing about the commits. What's interesting is to see that while most of the contributors started three years ago, around twice three years ago, in terms of commits, it's mostly old-timers who present most of the commits. Not what I need to add. There are a lot of various statistics. For example, a project that didn't get a kit repository anymore. For example, you can get an SVN that appeared with statistics. There are some difficult commits, for example, Krita and Calico have some shared history, and so it doesn't end in name changes. For example, a lot of material. And what I did is to try to create analysis for some sub-projects. For example, for Plasma, these are the statistics. We can see what further in 2020, with KitLab and mostly the pandemic, maybe there are a lot of new contributors compared to the other years. Before 2007, the data are a bit wrong because it doesn't include... There was some real white and a lot of history. KitO3 was lost in the whites of Plasma. For KDE4, for commit, it's a bit similar. For KDP, the numbers aren't looking that good. There was a loss of number of contributors around 2009 or 2010. After that, it didn't recover a lot. In terms of commits, most of the commits are done by very few number of contributors. For example, you can see Laurent Montel. It's a really large portion of the commits. For education, it's mostly stable, it's decreasing a bit. For the commits, it's a lot of variation between the years. For the gains, it's also not really that good, but you need to understand that most of the gains are mostly done and don't need to have more contributions over from cleaning some stuff and conversion. For CaliCa, after 2012, most of the number of contributors decreased a lot. Due to the Nokia stopping to contribute to the CaliCa project, in 2015, Quitta moved to a new repository as a really big decrease of contributions. For Quitta, you can see what it means as an all-away. There's a lot of increase of contributions. Mostly in 2020, with the introduction of GitHub and maybe other factors. There's a big increase, and I think from this graph, you can see what the Quitta committee is able to maintain the contributors for a longer time. For Plasma Mobile, there's a smaller time scale, but you also can see that there's an exponential number of contributors and commits, so I hope it stays like this for a longer time. In terms of reach, Quitta is the statistic of the visit of Cali.org. The US has a lot of visitors, but actually Europe is like 44% and North America and Asia are at 20%. What's a bit sad is that Africa is only 2% of the commits to the visits, so we don't really have a lot of visitors coming from Africa and we don't have users for years or two. It doesn't reflect exactly of many users here, but it really gives an idea of the solution. For Twitter, it's increasing over time. It starts only in 2019, but now we have like 90,000 subscribers of Twitter, so it's increasing until it increases. Okay, patience. Since we don't have the questions for the lightning talks, I guess you can monitor the chat. Yeah, I can do that. Any? Yes, for Plasma Active, I helped the Kigami repository and the Cocoa repository. We have some longer activity from the Plasma Mobile project. There are some more 2011 Plasma Active events. Okay, thank you very much, Carl. Since this is a lightning round, we don't have too much time for questions. Thank you very much. I guess you can answer all the other questions in the chat anyway. Yes, I can chat in the chat. I can do that. Okay, thanks. See you there. See you next time by Carl.


Mr. Speaker, I rise to express my deep sadness and concern about the people who are badly affected by the tragedy which occurred on 6 November 2022, where hundreds of persons were affected due to the flooding. We need to thank the Lord because he spared the lives of those who are badly impacted. The government is committed to assisting the victims as best as we can. I need to commend my colleague parliamentary representative for Grozily for his lion's approach in dealing with this flooding nightmare. I know he sincerely cares for his constituents. To the people in the Babono constituency, especially the farmers who lost an entire investment on the farms, I understand your plight, pains and frustrations. So please do not give up. Let us support each other and start all over again. The government will try to assist to help you to get back on your feet. Mr. Speaker, my minister's statement today is to give you a brief update on the situation at the border lake correctional facility and the efforts of the home affairs department in combating crime in St. Lucia. Mr. Speaker, this government has a plan and a strategy to combat crime in St. Lucia. The plan is designed more at prevention by engaging in building the human resource capacity of its people and creating opportunities to involve the citizens in productive activities. Mr. Speaker, while many persons focus on the number of murders and other criminal activities on the media, especially social media, I am here to present a balanced view of what this government has been doing to combat crime and to keep all the St. Lucia citizens safe and to reduce criminal activities in this country. I want to take this opportunity to express my condolences to the families of the nurse who met her demise as a result of a criminal activity. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to report that as of November 4th, 2022, a new director for the border lake correctional facility was appointed in the person of Mr. Boongan. He had served at that institution before and this is an indication that he is more than ready and prepared for the task at hand. Since his appointment, the director has already reported on the immediate actions he has taken to start the restructuring of the institution to make it more effective and efficient. Mr. Speaker, the director has conducted many meetings with persons working at all levels in the institution including the inmates. Mr. Speaker, the border lake correctional facility has to be transformed into a real reform or correction facility where the focus will be on rehabilitation using intelligence driven and skills development to reduce the level of recidivism which is over 40%. That is, the number of persons who are released from prison about 40% comes back into the prison. We have to reduce that and with rehabilitation we need to get this back into the society so that they continue to be productive citizens. Mr. Speaker, at present the institution has a population of 522 inmates with 505 males and 17 females. 184 males are penal and 322 are unremanned. There are 14 females who are penal and 3 unremanned. There are 199 staff members operating at the institution. Mr. Speaker, in recent times within about two weeks ago we were able to collect contributions on confiscated cannabis, charges for phones, cell phones, batteries, cigarettes and weapons at border lake correctional facility. It is not easy to keep these inmates under control. So I commend the officers for the work that they do in the institution in order to ensure there is discipline, there is law and there is order. Mr. Speaker, you will recall that I reported to this honourable house and inform you Mr. Speaker that the government had commissioned a review of the border lake correctional facility. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to report that this report has been submitted to the Government of Ministers over two months ago. The findings of the report were discussed with the management at border lake correctional facility. It was also discussed with the new director who assumed the position recently. So we have a very clear path on how we approach the challenges at border lake correctional facility. Mr. Speaker, the report has some interesting recommendations which cause for stronger leadership, improvement in communication, repairs to the infrastructure of the institution, need for greater security, more rehabilitation programs for inmates and corrective measures. Mr. Speaker, there is a need for greater collaboration with other support services to strengthen the capacity for rehabilitation program to make border lake correctional facility a truly correctional facility. We need to reduce the percentage as I mentioned of the number of persons who continue to return. Mr. Speaker, I will repeat it again because a few years ago before this government came in office, the last government did not allocate money in the budget for training of officers in the protective services. Mr. Speaker, I can assure you that this government is committed to develop a very effective and efficient public service and therefore has allocated over hundreds of thousands of dollars to recommend training for police correctional officers at border lake correctional facility, the fire service, the marine unit and the probation and parole unit. So far Mr. Speaker, the training has started among police officers, correctional officers, marine unit officers, fire service officers and probation and parole officers. Mr. Speaker, this government under the strong and visionary leadership of Honorable Prime Minister who has started putting the available resources in the right places. There is a very profound statement which I would like to quote Mr. Speaker. No one is safe until everyone is safe. We have to commend our law officers who are employed in the protective services for the sacrifices they are making on a daily basis, both night and day, to keep all of us safe. Mr. Speaker, this is a country where we need to do all that is possible to keep all of us safe and secure. Some people can laugh but no one is safe until everyone is safe. And this nurse who in the line of going ahead and doing her daily chores met her demise who would have believed that this is what would have happened. And we cannot take this as a light matter. It is a very serious matter. Mr. Speaker, I want to congratulate Kusinta Deskap Peleus on her appointment as the new commissioner for police in an acting capacity. I want to commend Honorable Prime Minister for having the vision in appointing a woman as police commissioner. This happened to be the first time a woman has ever been appointed to the position in St. Lucia as commissioner thereby making history. Mr. Speaker, you will not imagine what I saw on national television after the appointment of the first female commissioner of police. HTS conducted an EPOL and there was 100% endorsement of the prime minister's decision and selection of the commissioner. Mr. Speaker, on the side, no wonder the prime minister's party at his annual general meeting he received 100% support from the delegates who voted for his endorsement. Well, there are some who can hold the convention or AGM yet. So we don't know what the outcome will be. We see greater support while the government has invested in vehicles to help the police move around. There are plans to build a brand new police divisional headquarters in Grozile and the major repairs for the divisional headquarters in Viewfort. Training for police, training for officers were over 40 new officers were recruited in the fire service. Money is being spent to improve communications and security at the bodily correctional facility. Training for the marine unit, new office space was acquired for the probation and parole unit. Ongoing repairs in mostly all the police stations and fire stations. Isn't that a government who cares? The marine unit will also be getting its attention with regards to repair and improvement to electrical installation at the facility. Mr Speaker, we are currently experiencing changes at the top leadership in the police force. The bodily correctional facility, the fire service, the marine unit and very soon there will be a change at the probation and parole unit. We call this the changing of the guard and we expect to build stronger leadership in the corrective and protective services so that we can combat the issue of crime, law enforcement and greater discipline in our society. Mr Speaker, this government is more than ready to bring about the necessary changes to make St. Glusha a safer and better environment for all of us to live and to become very productive in our society. Mr Speaker, this government under the leadership of a group of competent men and women, I make no apologies for that, is on the right path to complete recovery from COVID-19. You know what did that did to our country. We had disasters, some call it island, some call it economic, they are disasters in all areas, so we have to recover from that. We need to raise the hope of St. Glusha people, all of them by putting our people first and invest in the future, especially the youth and the elderly. Mr Speaker, as we are about to observe the 16th day of activism starting from November 25th to December 10th, which is the time the whole world is calling for an end to violence against women. And what are we witnessing today? The demise of a woman. We have too much violence in this country. We need to manage our anger and learn to love and care for each other. We need to share and show concern for our neighbors, friends, co-workers and try to live in harmony with each other. We need to show concern for the less fortunate and share the little that we have among each other. Mr Speaker, we have to help those who became victims of the recent flooding in the north of the island. The gender affairs department, which is another department under my watch, has secured about 1,000 dignity kits to distribute among the flood victims as a form of support to them. Mr Speaker, with the help of the Almighty God and the support of the people all over the island and those at the regional and international levels, we will grow from strength to strength in a peaceful, safe and secure environment to live and work together as productive citizens. Mr Speaker, we have to help those who became victims of the recent flooding in the north of the island. We have to help those who became victims of the recent flood in the north of the island. We have to work for the island, we have to work for the borderline and we have to work for the government to protect us. Government has to help people to help the situation. We have to help those who are not victims of the flood.meal�� ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê intendo ê ê We have a responsibility to ensure that we secure our country, our helen of the west, the most beautiful island in the western days. We are winning awards and awards and we cannot make her unsafe for our citizens and our visitors. Mr. Speaker, I thank you for listening.


While the rest of the state is experiencing winter storms, people in central and northern Minnesota have lucked out with only minimal snowfalls. But combine that with a little bit of snow, with the wind, it can be a recipe for dangerous conditions like blow ice. Blow ice forms on roadways that are treated, and then the snow blows across the roads and freezes, creating an icy patch. MnDOT says if they were to go back and treat these areas, it would only make the patches of ice worse. Due to the ongoing winter-like conditions, snowplow drivers have had to compete with blow ice, forming more often than usual.  We don't reapply chemical there because if we do, it'll make the ice worse than it normally would be. MnDOT says that roadways with trees or a natural wind block can create a natural buffer so that blow ice will not form in those areas. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


Hello, let us present how to handle fair scheduling in a private academic Kubernetes infrastructure. First of all, let us introduce ourselves. I am Lukáž Hytmánek, I am architect at Masalik University in Czech Republic. And my colleague Dali Borklusáček is researcher at CessNet, which is National Research and Educational Network also in Czech Republic. So, the Czech research infrastructure is currently built on two approaches. One is HPC and the second is emerging Kubernetes infrastructure. HPC infrastructure consists of 30,000 of CPU cores, 15 petabytes of storage capacity and this infrastructure is used by 3,000 active users. Those users are running 20,000 jobs each day. Kubernetes infrastructure consists of 2,500 CPU cores, it seems to be smaller. It has half petabytes of dedicated storage capacity, it is currently used by 130 users and those users are running about 1,000 POTS every day. This talk is focused on our Kubernetes infrastructure that consists of a large, single multitenant cluster. It means that the cluster is shared by many users, they do not have admin privileges and are only given namespaces to run their POTS. Basically, we have two kinds of jobs, Interactive and HPC jobs, so what's the difference? Interactive job needs to run as soon as possible, also they usually do not have limited runtime and they typically burst. I will speak about this a bit more later. Contrary, HPC jobs can wait in queue. They have strict maximum runtime limit and usually we have more jobs than resources, so they have to wait in queue. Of course, we want to use our infrastructure efficiently, but it presents some challenges. The first one is bursty nature of interactive jobs. They typically run for a while and resting remaining time, but what to do with allocated resources? Jobs are mostly stateful, so they cannot be easily restarted. In the graph below you can see typical runtime of interactive job. Another challenge is how to prevent resource wasting. We collected statistics for several months and we see that most supported significantly overestimated request allocation. The red line represents idle state, but as you can see most allocations are below. Those namespaces do not represent a single pod, but usually several pods, so the situation is even a bit worse. We also see other problems, such as it is impossible to modify pod priority dynamically or adjust to general or tight pod allocation, because if we change allocation the pod has to be restarted. This is no problem for state micro services, but it is usually a bigger deal for long running scientific computation. You can easily imagine that such computation is stateful and runs for one month. It's not good idea to restart it several times a week or something like that. Luckily, there is community work in progress. One comprises change resources without restarting pod. This is very promising work in progress. And also checkpoints. Once the Kubernetes will support pod checkpoint and restore, we can deal with some of the problems as well. There are also problems bound with scheduling, as common HPC, but scheduler behaves in the way that when the system is full and a new user arrives, you can always tell the user what is their priority or wrongly estimate when the running jobs of other user will terminate and even provide them a non-destructive reservation. Scheduler also make reservation for big jobs. It means that if user request job that each whole node, like 64 CPUs or something like that, then HPC scheduler will do reservation on that node and prevent some of such nodes and prevent smaller job to arrive or occupy these nodes. And this is automatic. In Kubernetes, it is impossible to estimate pod wait time. When we are out of resources, there are no guarantees. The pod either starts immediately or possibly can never start because there are no free resources as pod do not have any limit on runtime. Those resources can be occupied forever. Or we can manually adjust the priority of new pod to evict some already running pod, but this is problem as I have said with scientific computation. Also resource reclining is not solved because there is no pod lifecycle management. And also there is no such thing as fair share in Kubernetes, meaning that Kubernetes could guarantee a user that the pod will eventually run. And also Kubernetes scheduler does not do any reservation for big pods only at cost of eviction again, but this is still not good for scientific computation. And also there is no automation. So this is all from our short lightning tool. And if you have any ideas that could help us to solve the problems, we would be happy if you would recharge at the contact below. So thank you for your attention.