T. F. N. N. Headline news update. Everyone, Basel Chapman here on this 9th of September, Thursday, and this is the Tiger Financial News Network, 10 a.m. market update, Dowsep 79, at $35,109, dropped down to under $35,000 yesterday, and now it's trying to get back. And we're going to be watching this because you've got that arch formation that we were talking about yesterday, that H pattern that we always talk about in terms of testing the left side low. Let's see what happens over the period of the day. We're looking also at the S&P, which the Dow is up 0.21 percent. The S&P is only up 0.17 percent, up 7 at $45.21. And this is a peak G-Stash C in the daily chart for those of you who do Chapman Wave analysis. And what we're going to be following is, can the S&P over the next few days, going to maybe Wednesday of next week, try to get to the 45.50s, or is it going to slide underneath 44, might put it at 44.88. The close at below 44.88 says, uh-oh, we're in this consolidation phase. Now the QQQ is a little different. The QQQQ coming up right now, that's the NDX100 trading vehicle, trading up 88 cents at $381.64, made an all-time high three days ago, at $382.78. It's not that it's struggling to make new highs, because it's up in the new high territory. But what's happening is that the magpies flattening out, sarcastic is still very good at 94 percent. Our unbalanced volume has pulled back. I said it was a little overboard yesterday, but what's really important here is that over the coming few days, 377 support is absolutely key to hold the vibrations to the 384 level. That is really excellent action. IWM is a Russell 2000. It's got a nice day today, but it really has turned around quite dramatically from the 229.84 high of just a week ago. Yeah, it is a 224.67. Now what we want to look at here is just quickly want to look at gold. Gold is still down, made that peak D-top in the Dady chart. We're looking at crude oil. Crude oil is also pulling, was pulling back, but now it's just in the sideways range between 68, well, it's at 68. But what we're looking at here is if we can get to 71.50, that's good. Under 67 is a big problem. I'll be back in a moment for the Tiger Traditions Hour. I hope to see you there. Check out my opening call on Dady Newsnet. Thanks for being here.


As of January 20, 2023, the Montana Army National Guard has stationed aircraft in buildings to expand capabilities across the state, including the improvement of emergency response time in eastern Montana and support additional aviation training.


Good morning everybody, welcome to another vlog. I am just now getting ready to film some sponsored content or I guess shoot some for Instagram and I was getting ready to curl my hair and I thought it'd be interesting to show you how I've been curling my hair lately. This is due to pure laziness and no reason other than that. So I've been trying to get ready as quickly as possible because sometimes I feel really daunted by getting ready. Long story short, I've been trying to get ready more to just feel better mentally, which it does honestly help me. I've kind of found this to be the quickest way because this is like my hair, I washed it last night. It is so stringy, it's so grown out, it really needs help. But this is just my hair, like I fell asleep on it wet last night. So this is what it looks like. Some of you might think it's fine, but I need a little bit of judging up. So, okay, this is how I do it. I literally split my hair down the middle in the back and obviously if we have different hair textures or thickness or whatever, it might not work for you, but this is simply what works for me. So yeah, I split my hair into two. I have very, by the way, fine hair, but I have a ton of it. So I take my little half and I basically split it into like three or four sections. So I take like a big, fricking thick section like this and I take my curling iron and I try to keep the piece as flat as possible and I basically curl my way down the piece. So that was a little too far. But yeah, I just go like little by little and I just work my way down until I get to the end and I leave about that much out at the end. This is what I've been doing lately.  I don't know if that works, but sure. And then you just pull it out and then I have like a big section of hair that's curled right there. I'll show you again. Just take as big of a section as you want. Boom. I wish I had started timing this at the beginning. It's less than five minutes. Again, just try and keep it as flat as possible. I like to hold it in this first spot until I can feel it getting hot at the top. Wait until there's some heat in there. Work your way down and then just pull her on out. So I guess four sections is more like it. I can't really do three. And this isn't like the type of, oh God, my lighting. This isn't like how I would curl my hair if I wanted my hair to be like super done up but this is just like a day to day. Just need my hair to do something else. And what it's been doing, take a look. This is section number three. That end needs to be addressed later. And then finally, section number four. Started talking for like two minutes before I started actually curling. It's been four minutes and 30 seconds. So probably two and a half minutes. Okay, then we switch and we do the exact same thing on the other side. I'll try to be faster. It's a lot faster when you're not trying to explain what you're doing and you're just doing it.  Then you're gonna take a brush.  Once your hair is mostly cooled, you just literally brush it out. Seems counter-intuitive, but I promise it will come back together unless you have just super, super, super like fine thin hair. And then all I do is like go in and touch up random pieces that I feel like need some extra love and attention. So I'll do like maybe two or three touch-up pieces. Oh my God, I keep hitting myself in the eye. I have to go in and kind of like straighten out some pieces because I'm just not big into like curled ends type of thing. And some of these ends got a little janked up. So I'm just gonna like run a quick flat iron through those pieces.  I feel like your front pieces are like your most vital parts. So sometimes I honestly prefer like curling my front pieces with a flat iron, but I feel like curling the rest of my hair with a flat iron takes too much time, if that makes sense. So I'll just do like that really quick. Those little money pieces do a little bend in here. I'm just gonna kind of like gently brush through one more time, because I did add like a couple more pieces and I don't want them to look too crazy. I like that kind of, I used to literally just curl my hair and then leave it like I didn't touch it and it was not a good look for me anyway. It wasn't a great look. So I'm just gonna like soften these up a bit. There we have it, super, super fast and easy. Now I'm gonna do like a 10 minute makeup routine. You've seen that a million times and I'm gonna take some pics. That's why I have this tripod right here in my bathroom, just normal things for my job. All right, got myself all ready. I'm actually wearing this cute little set that I got from Aerie. This wasn't with my brand deal with them or anything. I spent my own money on it. It's very cute. And if you're wondering why are you in pajamas when you just got ready? It's like a bathroom themed. Well, not bathroom like restroom but the shoot is gonna be in the bathroom. So I thought like, you know, nighttime, before bed, pajamas, because I've been trying out a new product recently that I really, really love and I'm excited to talk about it on Instagram. So I'm gonna take some pictures.  I'm feeling intense period pains today. It's the first day of my period and I've mentioned this quite a few times but I'm also mentioning it just because I feel like it might be helpful to some people. I have extremely debilitating periods. I feel literally just nauseous even talking right now. I'm actually like fighting some really bad nausea but I have a lot of work to get done today and unfortunately I don't get to like push back deadlines. I mean, I suppose I could ask but it's just something that I've dealt with and it's got progressively worse as I've gotten older and should we talk, let's just talk about it. So about like a year ago-ish I mentioned that I have really bad periods and that I've also gained a ton of weight and that I just have like really, really intense bleeding and cramps to the point where it's like, I feel like I'm gonna throw up. I have intense diarrhea and it's gotten to the point where it's like basically become unbearable. The fact that I'm able to like get up and move around right now is truly because of Tylenol and Advil combined. Like I've been alternating every few hours and it's something that I dread every single month. I typically cry every single month on my period and not because of the fact that I'm like emotional, I mean partly due to that but it's just because I'm in so much pain and I remember, this might have been my last period or maybe the one before that, I went, we were supposed to have friends come over that night and like hang out in the backyard and do like a socially distanced fire pit type of thing and I remember trying the entire day, I laid in bed the entire day crying, just trying to like pretend that I was okay, Drew was in the other room in his office and like an hour before our friends were supposed to come over or something like that, I remember going into his office and just like sobbing and he was like, oh my God, what's wrong?  Like I was so upset, it's so painful and I feel like when you talk about those things, you do sometimes get questions from people, like for example, there are lots of people who have endometriosis who are like, hey, it sounds really similar to what I went through, like when I was trying to get a diagnosis for endometriosis, which by the way, it is extremely hard to get a diagnosis for endometriosis, PCOS, it's like an entire process, I don't know why it's so hard to get a diagnosis, maybe because it takes so much to be able to diagnose someone, I'm not sure. And so anyways, like I've been dealing with this since high school really, I started my period really, really young. I don't know how this has turned into a period chat but whatever, we're gonna roll with it. So I started my period when I was 12 years old, which to me is pretty young, I was in sixth grade. I remember coming home from school one day and literally thought I pooped my pants, then I found out, oh, no I didn't. And then probably right around the beginning of my 20s, it started getting pretty bad and then like now in my 30s, it's unbearable. So I had a lot of people reaching out and being like, hey, this seems like endometriosis, you should reach out to your medical professional, blah, blah, blah, well to be truthful because of how the United States healthcare system works. I wasn't able to afford healthcare until like this year. I'm paying close to $400 a month for healthcare at the current moment and luckily with Drew's job, I'm actually able to get on his insurance as a domestic partner, which is gonna take effect soon. And I'm so, so excited because it's gonna be just such a game changer as far as how much we pay for health insurance, but anyways, that's a side topic for another day. I went back in 2016, I believe, and spoke to somebody and talked about my symptoms, what I was going through and they were basically just like, there are lots of different steps and tests that you have to do, et cetera, et cetera. And some people even have to go, I believe, in for surgery in order to determine if they have endow or not.  I just, as of January 1st, have gotten health insurance and I don't really feel comfortable going to the doctor right now unless it's like an absolute emergency because I'm just trying not to get COVID, I'm trying to wait until I'm vaccinated, do the best thing I can. And so I decided to wait and it's just gotten worse and worse and worse. It's gotten so bad to the point where I can barely stand it anymore. I mean, the fact that I'm even able to talk right now is like pretty miraculous. In about a year or so ago, I filmed a video talking about all these things like I mentioned. I talked about the fact that I've gained weight, I've talked about the fact that my periods are horrendous, I've talked about a little bit of my symptoms here and there and I think I said something like, it wouldn't surprise me if I had PCOS or endometriosis or I'm willing to bet I have it or something like that. I mean, obviously I'm not gonna diagnose myself before I see a doctor. There's needs to be like blood work done and all that kind of stuff, but I'm 99% sure I have one or both of those conditions. And so many people DM'd me or commented or sent me messages or whatever saying that I was diagnosing myself with PCOS or endometriosis and that it was irresponsible of me to do that. And it was just so bizarre because to me it was just such a casual comment and like friends of mine, close friends of mine who have endo and PCOS are like, yeah, it sounds like you have a lot of the same symptoms. Like I would get that checked out. You know, people in my life who suffer from severe endometriosis, one of my really good friends, she's been through multiple surgeries because of her endo. She's like, yeah, it sounds like you have it. Like you have all of my same symptoms, you should really get that checked out. So regardless, I mean, that's not a diagnosis and I've never said that I have it. I've never point blank been like, I'm on my endometriosis journey. I've literally just said like it wouldn't surprise me because genuinely it's bad. It's really bad. And the fact that I even feel the need to explain that it's bad is weird, but regardless, I got a lot of comments from people about that and just a lot of messages, mostly DMs. And I was just really surprised and I didn't ever address it in videos because it just felt like a non-issue. Like it was just like, well, no, I didn't ever say that I had it. It was just sort of a thing that I said in passing. And I am not exaggerating up until this past summer, I have still gotten occasional DMs from time to time being like, it really rubbed me the wrong way when you claimed to have, and I'm like, I mean, obviously I'm not gonna diagnose myself before I see a doctor. I'm not gonna diagnose myself before I see a doctor. I just listen. Like people are going to misinterpret you. People are going to be determined and committed to misunderstanding you and that's just what happens when your job is online. But like it's put me in a position for the last year or so when I'm going through bad times with my period and I kind of want to talk about it, that I feel like I can't talk about it because there's gonna be people who think that I'm trying to fake something for attention. I even got comments saying that because my good friend, Sierra, had recently gotten diagnosed with PCOS at the time that I was like trying to be like, not kidding by the way, these are actual things that people have said. And it's just so bizarre. So yeah, I'm not diagnosing myself with anything, but I'm just being real with you.  It is so rough. And I'm sure even just by me like opening up here and telling you how I'm feeling about it and being like, hey, this is something that I deal with. I know most of you are gonna be so supportive and lovely but there are gonna be people who try to find something wrong with what I said or be like, you did diagnose yourself. I can't. I'm not a medical professional. I physically cannot do that. Also legally I cannot do that. So anyways, I love the internet and I am really trying to give as much positive, positivity back into my experience on the internet because I genuinely love having this job. I love it so much. But there are parts that are really ugly and feel really like hostile.  But what I will say is that the majority of people who comment on my videos are so supportive, so lovely, so wonderful. I really want to highlight and pay attention and like shine the light on that right now because oh my gosh, you guys are so incredible. You guys are so wonderful.  You've helped me on places that I've traveled around the world and given me recommendations. You've really been there for me. Like you've been so supportive and so wonderful and I genuinely feel like we're friends. I just kind of wanted to make this vlog a normal vlog but somehow it's turned into just me sitting on my bathroom floor with my pajamas in the background. I'm about to go film some more B-roll for another video. And it just started, I was just trying to vlog like normal and then all of a sudden like my period pain started getting really bad. It has helped since I sat down by the way. But it's funny how like I just really intended for this to be normal and now all of a sudden it's turned into like me ranting about just how bad my periods are and hopefully my deepest hope in making this video is to have somebody relate. And if you are in a position where you're able to go get medical care and get it checked out, please do. That's literally the first thing on my list when this pandemic is over or when it's safer to go to the doctor. I would rather deal with my period symptoms than potentially get COVID. So I'm just waiting for that time to pass and I will be getting more medical stuff, investigations done, testing, et cetera. And so I'm never going to pretend that I have something I don't have. I think that's pretty obvious, but I mean regardless. My hope in this video is just that if you're going through the same thing that you can relate, sometimes there's really not much you can do. The other thing is birth control. But unfortunately, because of these like weird, I get these things. I think they're called ocular migraines or migraines with aura. I was told the last time I went to the gynecologist that they put me at a higher risk for blood clot and stroke, strangely. So I'm not able to take any kind of birth control that has estrogen. So I was taking a progestin only birth control for many, many years and I just really didn't enjoy the side effects. And it didn't really help my periods at all anyway. So the other option is a copper IUD. And a lot of people had mentioned like that as another form of birth control. And unfortunately, the side effects for a copper IUD are like heavy bleeding and cramping. And I genuinely, I would be concerned for my safety. Like if it were any worse than it is now. I mean, it's so bad. And see, it's like, I'm already talking about this just being honest, I'm already talking about this anticipating all of the bad things that people are gonna say. And that's just something that I've gotta work through in the therapist because that's just how my brain has been trained at this point. It's been trained to be like, there are gonna be people who find something wrong with what you say.   I've really been enforcing some boundaries with Instagram recently. I don't even feel the need to explain myself that much anymore. I will just straight up delete or block. Because yeah, it's like you're a guest in my home and I'm not going to change something about my home that you don't like. If you don't like it, you can go to your own home and change it, you know what I mean? I know I keep having to like re-center myself over the last couple of years and be like, I miss the old me. Like I miss how carefree I was. I miss how much I didn't care about what people were gonna say.   Please call me out. I'm not like exempt from that.  Okay, so anyways, this vlog just needs to end I think because this has turned into a weird random bathroom floor rant that I did not anticipate. But I'm just, I think I'm just gonna leave it here because I really want to have a good productive conversation in the comments.  And I just am here to say that I love and appreciate you so much. I need to actually go lay down. I was gonna film some B roll for a video but I need to just, ugh. Thank you so much for being here. Thank you so much for listening. If you have any like remedies or things that really help you during your really rough periods, please leave them in the comments below because I would love to get any advice that I can take.  So anyway, you are not alone. If you're going through this, I love you so much and I will see you in the next vlog. Bye.


Hi, it's Bridget. Welcome to Sunday Morning Coffee with Bridget. Today's topic is radio silence. You like the dramatic pause there? Did you like that? Mm-hmm. We're gonna talk about stillness and quiet and how much we actually need this. And as we're having this conversation I want to fully acknowledge in transparency that I am with you. I am so with you on the side of screaming, but I'm busy. I have things to do. I have people to take care of. I have a job. I have a life. I am filled with action-oriented constant motion. I feel you. I literally hate the idea of stillness. The concept of ultimate quietude for more than maybe 30 minutes or an hour can become extremely unsettling to me.  An empath is someone who senses and feelings a lot, feels others emotions, feels your own emotions, feels the environmental emotions, feels global emotions, feels a lot. And this concept of stillness or quiet can be very threatening to us because then, then we actually might have to feel our own feelings as the dominant. We might have to be forced with sitting with ourself, your true self, your true feelings, your true thoughts, your true emotions, and that perhaps could be scarier than anybody else's emotions or the anticipation of some crisis being handed to you at work or a call from the kids that they forgot something that they needed, etc.  Like you can't run from yourself. You can't hide your true feelings. And I think I really think that we are at our depth so afraid to feel ourselves because we don't know. We don't know what we're going to say to ourselves. We don't know what we're going to discover about ourselves. What if our true self, what if my true self is really a total jerk? What if my true self is really the epitome of selfishness, of greed, of disrespect, of all these things that I hate about others in the world and the expression that people, their behaviors and such, what if I at my core am really that? What if I'm that? And in the moments of stillness and quiet, I believe that we are afraid of stillness and quiet because we are afraid of ourselves. I mean, can you be honest with me for a second? Like put your coffee down and just be honest with me here.  So you as the person, so like me as Bridget as my person and my human expression, and to me, Bridget as spirit, the spirit essence my higher self. Can you sit here with me for a moment and just contemplate that? Let yourself just be in realization of the fact that you might be scared to learn about yourself, things that you think are not good. Do you really think, do you really believe that the part of you that is God like that is light that is pure source that is prime energy that is embodied of love that incarnates into a body a speck of light to your spirit would really spend time with you one on one privately and stillness and tell you bad things or reflect to you negative that is an even possible your soul your spirit only reflects back to you what you are which is light which is that love. The distance that you feel from who you are here now expressing in your human form the distance that you feel from your human form expression and your soul is what you're afraid of acknowledging how you are different in your spirit than you are in human life now be be with me on this okay be here just listen to this for a second that's normal seriously everybody else next to you on the subway in line at Starbucks at the school meeting everyone else same thing everyone has some level of concern because we feel the separation of how different we are in our human expression than our pure spirit light energy is everyone feels that disconnect everyone feels concern over that but we would the way that we process that concern of the disconnection is very different some people numb it with numbing behavior some people redirect that energy to something else like a project or a side hustle some people pour it into relationships some people pour it into health and exercise some people pour it into creative endeavors it doesn't matter what the thing is that you're pouring it into the truth is you're not processing we're not really understanding how deeply afraid we are that we're going to get to the end of our life and we are going to be at that moment when we're leaving our body and we get to really be in a fullest awareness of our spirit at that moment fullest awareness of how amazing the spirit is and then feel for a second while we're still connected to the human body and the human experience how sad we are that we did not acknowledge how great we are as a spirit living in a body how great you are now you think on your deathbed that you look back over your life and you regret the chances you didn't take and the relationships and not saying I love you and not going to the soccer games or whatever writing your novel whatever it is you regret the things you didn't do what about the relationship that you had all along that you ignored that you did not tend to and that is your spirit the spirit is not another to do it's a part of who you are the spirit your soul your intuition isn't something you do it is something you are you just are that and the spirit will not judge you your higher self won't look at you and say well I told you you should have spent more time with me and stillness you should have listened to my guidance you're not going to have that conversation at the point of release from the body but you will know I promise you you will know and recognize how much you ignored the beautiful light gift you've had and the love you had within you all along that you get to feel only when you have those private moments for yourself in stillness and quiet and it's hard it's hard to make time for those things that's why you can do that in small micro ways micro steps like meditation 20 minutes in the morning like journaling for 15 minutes set your timer and just write do Julia Cameron's morning pages it's old school but it works morning pages Julia Cameron look at our people she wrote the artists way we are all artists that's what the soul is that's what the spirit is it's a creative expression you are making art that's what energy into life is that's what intuition is that's what psychic connection is that's what spirit is art the mind doesn't understand art because it's not it's pretty ambiguous pretty fluid it has trouble kind of understanding the creative thing it's kind of a secondary thing to the mind even though the mind does access and harness imagination the thoughts that you will have initially when you create some time for yourself will be thoughts of guilt I should be spending this time doing something else because you will have to prioritize yourself and have to say no to some things you don't always have to be the one to drop your kid off at school someone else can do that there's other options for the kid they can get picked up they can carpool there there's other things you can schedule you can make arrangements for so you don't have to feel guilt but you will feel guilt but it's a thought guilt is like this thought it's a way that the mind tries to step in and use the energy of your empathic senses to help you to stay in line remember the mind is about survival you've heard that you know you've taken basic psychology classes or you've listened to some personal development classes certainly enough to know that the mind is about survival that reptilian brain the go-to is oh my god I'm gonna die all the time therefore stay in line stay in line structure no don't get out of your comfort zone and what is art what is ambiguity what is fluidity that's art that's not contained it's flow the mind doesn't get flow it doesn't understand it it does bar barrages of thoughts to try to get a specific outcome or response from you and it works so let the mind do its thing while you are in stillness while you have time the good thing here is that the mind does understand time so if you schedule something time for stillness time for quiet connection within yourself it doesn't have to be three days of vacation or three days at an Airbnb however I highly recommend two nights at a hotel by yourself with your journal your spiritual card decks and the podcast that you can't listen to usually although I would suggest you just spend time writing and sleeping and taking baths and taking walks and just nurturing yourself being with yourself and refilling and refueling if you can doesn't have to be that but the mind does understand a container of time so use it use that scheduling piece to your advantage there are ways you can access this so it's not as threatening like oh my god you're so selfish you're such a bad person you did not take your child to school on that Wednesday oh my goodness they're gonna be scarred for life they are never gonna make anything of themselves are gonna have horrible relationships because you abandoned them that one day you chose yourself oh yeah dramatic yeah but that's exactly what your mind does it says things like well are you're not a good parent well aren't you just a good parent don't you remember that one time your mom left you on the sidewalk and forgot about you and it was raining and you didn't have a ride home and don't you remember that one time so your brain will use the scare tactics and techniques to keep you safe and safety is what your comfort zone and I can promise you stillness and quiet is not comfortable even if you can relax and give yourself this kind of permission to take a break and just chill for an hour or what have you time itself tends to run out like it it flies by or it leaks away and all the sudden you're like oh my gosh what happened I don't I don't have enough I don't have enough time which is energy of lack which creates this connection to your mind that then says we'll see it's never gonna be enough so don't even try it's never gonna be enough time for yourself so don't even try because then you're just gonna feel bad see look you spent all this time an hour with yourself and now you still feel bad or you feel worse because now you've thought about more things that make you unhappy so if you just stay busy the unhappiness won't catch up to you hmm did that sting a little for anybody listening I can say this because I I've lived this if I just stay busy the unhappiness will not catch up to me the sadness the inner longing the deep feeling of what am I missing will not catch up to me if I can outrun it if I can trick it and manipulate the energy of my own personal feeling of non fulfillment then I can keep existing as is I can stay within my comfort zones housed in my life of gratitude for the simple things which is being in service to everyone else's expectations and needs whether it be the fulfillment of your parents wishes for you that you're still living when you're 35 or that missed opportunity of that one relationship that you had but you chose the other person kind of a scenario the what ifs I mean that can bury you in heartache and those are things your mind will use because it's experience it's an it's it's information that is very persuasive when you spend time in stillness or in quiet with the intention of letting yourself be with yourself you are going to discover these things you won't be able to hide the dreams and desires the things that you want they will be revealed to you maybe not in your first date with yourself but in the building of the relationship of trust within yourself you will start to realize some things and you will realize how there are parts of your life that are out of alignment that are not you're not living your expression you're clearly not and we know this right now you don't have to spend time in quiet to know that but it's a choice for you to make is the pain of not knowing worse than knowing I mean what really like what is the risk that you have you're already feeling the pain that's the thing see that's the thing you are feeling the pain of the disconnection between you and yourself and you and all of the information about your dreams your desires your wants like how you want to express in life how things you want to experience in your lifetime that you've just kind of put by the wayside or settled into a life that's comfortable or contented and which isn't bad this is not bad at all or wrong or judgmental at all you've done fine for yourself haven't you I mean look at you you're okay you know your people are decent right like your kids your significant others your job all this stuff I mean things are okay right but you are still feeling because your higher self your intuition knows that you're just basically ignoring these these underlying feelings and these underlying feelings come out in in resentment toward somebody else in non gratitude being angry about your job or a lack of a promotion because you never did finish your college degree and you wish you did and you never did and so really if you would have tapped into that if you could tap into that want or desire to have that college education experience you would have taken those classes are continued toward that or given yourself the opportunity to start that now it's never too late to start that stuff start it now so that you're not redirecting and projecting into your job how awful it is when really it's pretty damn great relatively you know considering right it's pretty good okay you really have it pretty good but you're really ticked off and unsettled and and because you have an unmet need and desire because you never finished your degree and you just want that and then you would get a promotion or you could go someplace else or you could have more choices and you know it so instead of addressing through some quiet time with yourself there's some stillness with yourself there's some journaling meditation and things like that the fact that you have this unmet need or desire instead I mean the feelings of not of having it are still affecting you you're still crabby at work or not happy at work or on you know you're just not you just don't feel like you're a good match for your job or whatever that's because of this other stuff not because of the job itself let's be clear same with relationships same with relationships so there is a lot that is impacted by not being connected in times of stillness or quiet with yourself this is valuable time this is valuable time it's important for you to have time just to be with yourself and it's not just to get information it's just to be just to chill hang out feel the energy of not other people stuff but just you maybe you sit go for a walk in nature but don't do it while you're also processing trying to make a decision about your relationship or trying to make a decision about a job offer trying to make a decision about a new house purchase or a move or a rental property whatever it is don't multitask be present with nature and yourself your physical body your heart you're just flowing open energetically intuition all of that not the extra stuff don't do it with an outcome in mind that's a brain thing not a spiritual thing ambiguity fluidity connection relationship let it be art in this time of stillness or quiet so I termed to this radio silence this topic because it can feel very frustrating when you are trying to do the things you are trying to show up you are trying to be everything to all the people that matter to you in all the ways that you want to show up in the world and be in service etc and sometimes the response you get back from the world is nothing and the question then is am I doing all these things just to get responses from other people who am I doing all the things for where is my heart where is my soul that should be where we resourcing our energy from not from the need to be responded to by others appreciated by others look at how great I am I think I'll take on five more commitments because why because I really need more validation about what a good person I am let's be honest you have validation you are a good person your spirit would tell you over and over and over and over again if you would just listen can you take a moment of stillness can you take some time in quiet can you actually pay attention to your relationship that is the most important and that's the one within yourself and if you can do that you will feel better and be happier and you will not need 50 other extra commitments and priorities to feel value you will just know it because you will lose it because it is part of who you are naturally if you can just connect and you can only connect during times of stillness and quiet with your source with you with your higher self with your spirit and then you can express in every commitment that you make and everything that you do whether it be exercising or going to the family picnic or showing up at work or volunteering at your kids school however it is whatever it looks like for you you do it from a place of pure just pure intention to be present and you are showing up with the light you're not showing up doing something expecting something back that you're never going to get other people do not know your value you know your value you stand in the confidence of the energy of your light when you can be in the silence that's when you can affirm it that's when you can build it up that's when you can know so that when you do all of the other things and you show up in your expression you're showing up from the expression of the pure truth of who you are which is this resourced valuable energy that just expresses into the world in that way and that is light and that is what love is that so other people's reactions or responses to you really does have nothing to do with you it's all about them which means your actions don't really have a lot to do with other people now do they they have a lot to do with you and what you need and what you want which you already have inside of you within the relationship with you and your spirit that's a coffee cup full probably a couple cups of coffee for this Sunday morning coffee with Bridget I hope I've got you to really think about stuff in a different way this concept of stillness or silence which I know I know it's a tough one I know I feel it too believe me I really do feel it for sure yes thank you for being here thank you for hanging in with Sunday morning coffee with Bridget I appreciate you I hope I've inspired your spirit today they'll do us some hope it's your life this is your life so live it just live it


Good afternoon and and welcome everyone. My name is Barry Rabe. I'm a professor here at the Ford School and Director of close-up the Center for Local State and Urban Policy, which is hosting this event. I also want to acknowledge our cosponsors the Energy Institute, the Environmental Law and Policy Program, the Urban Institute, the Cram Sustainability Institute, the Program in the Environment, the School for Environment and Sustainability. Everyone wanted to cosponsor this lecture. This really is a nice opportunity to welcome Sanya Carly back to Ann Arbor. As some of you may recall, several years ago when Michigan was putting on the ballot a proposal to amend the state Constitution to make major changes in renewable energy policy. An expansion of an existing policy to mandate increases in the production of renewable energy. We wanted to do a pre-election discussion and panel and turn to a preeminent scholar in this field. Sanya indeed answered that call and again, as some of you may recall, gave a really, really terrific talk. It was one of those thoughtful overviews of that particular policy instrument that I certainly heard in the state during that deliberation. So we're really pleased to welcome her back from Bloomington, where she's an associate professor in the School for Public and Environmental Affairs at Indiana University. Since Sanya left us, she has only continued to burnish her reputation as a leading national scholar, really a national treasure, on a range of issues that call for significant policy research related to energy transition, renewable energy. And there's so many themes and areas and issues in which she has touched upon. I don't want to kind of take you through paper by paper, but we'd only just begin by noting that this topic of portfolio standards, which we were talking about five years ago. There's a reasonable chance that we are going to be talking about this again in Michigan through the ballot in 2018. It's really a topic where her work just continues to stand out as well as other areas and would call to a lot of those publications to your attention as we begin to think about these questions. This also fits in beautifully at a point in the life of the center where with my colleagues Sarah Mills we're really beginning to expand questions of state, local, and urban engagement on a range of renewable energy issues. In fact, after Sanya's talk, Sarah will be coming up and overseeing the Q&A process. So with that, I'm delighted to welcome Sanya and also really hear some very interesting samplings from work that she's been doing with some of her co-authors on the U.S. energy transition and vulnerable populations. Please join me in welcoming back Sanya Carly. Stuck to my chair. Thank you, Barry. Thank you very much to everybody who's come out today. I really appreciate it and I always enjoy the opportunity to come here and speak with you all. Thank you sincerely to Barry and Sarah for hosting me and for the very kind introduction. It's a great pleasure. What I will be speaking on today is a somewhat new project that I've embarked on with collaborators at the School of Public and Environmental Affairs and Indiana University at large. And it's on vulnerability and the energy transition that we within the United States and one could say more broadly across the world we are experiencing currently. So my collaborators are David Kuniski and Tom Evans, and we're also working with a PhD student Michelle Graf who's in her second year and has been a wonderful contribution or a wonderful contributor rather to this project. So let me begin just by setting the context and the context is that we in the United States are embarking on or we have embarked on a large-scale energy transition and this is a transition from heavy reliance on fossil fuel generation towards reliance on lower carbon or no carbon energy resources. So as this graph demonstrates, we can see that coal generation over the past few decades has declined while we see the increase of natural gas and renewables over this time period. Now projecting forward as this graph does, we can see that not only have we started to retire our coal generation units and add a lot more natural gas and renewable units as I just showed you, but projections into the future demonstrate that we will continue to add a lot more wind and solar generation natural gas and continue to retire coal. So this is all setting setting the pace for the energy transition. Now there are a variety of different policies, climate and energy policies that are facilitating this transition. They may not be the only players, market dynamics are at play, but there are a variety of different policy instruments. Now what this timeline shows you is that these policy instruments have some things in common. The main thing is that most of them are set to expire in the next five to 10 years. Something else that they have in common is that they are all these kind of gradual requirements that ratchet up over time, such as greenhouse gas emissions standards in the the transportation sector, renewable portfolio standards in the electricity sector, and all of these gradual requirements are actually going to ratchet up in the next five to 10 years. Now of course the benefits of these policies could be significant, could be great. Hopefully we'll see a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from these policies. We will also see a reduction of other sources of pollution. Hopefully we'll see a diversification of energy sources and we should see more renewable energy and a variety of other benefits. But what I'm focused on in this paper and this project at large is some of the adverse effects or the negative effects of this transition. And specifically I'm interested in how the adverse effects from these policies that are facilitating the energy transition are unevenly born across the population within the United States. Now one possibility for the adverse effects is a price effect. So for example as a result of electricity policies we might see the price of electricity rise. As this graph demonstrates this is a Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory graph showing that the price increase in electricity is disproportionate across different states. And in fact we know that within states there's disproportionate effects as well. We might also see price effects in the transportation sector as well. Another form of an adverse effect that we see is a loss of certain kinds of jobs. So here I show the majority or I show how coal jobs have declined in recent decades. And we can see that the majority of these jobs are disproportionately in the Appalachian region. So there are these disproportionate effects and we know that already as a result of the transition these effects have been born differently across the population. So the work that I'm presenting on plays to a body of literature. Actually plays to two bodies of literature. It plays to the energy justice literature as well as the just transitions literature. And these bodies of literature really encourage us to ask questions about who are the haves and the have nots as part of this transition. Who controls access or has access to the new technologies that will be made available such as smart meters and other kinds of technologies that will be made available through this transition. And who benefits or who's at risk. And we know that we need to continue to ask these kinds of really important fundamental questions about the distributions of the benefits and the burdens of this transition. Now the literature on energy justice and the just transition is really starting to blossom. By and large it's been primarily normative or conceptual to date. And this project one of our objectives is to start to to push this literature a little bit more in the empirical direction. But so far what we know from this literature is that we've established three basic tenets. One is the right of everyone to have access to energy technologies and services. A second is the equal distribution of the impacts of this transition. And the third is fairness in procedure or the opportunity for everyone to be involved in the decision making processes surrounding the energy justice transition. So that's the beginning and that's where we start with this project. And our objective was to continue to explore these themes of energy justice and the just transition to put really to think about this disproportionate adverse effects and how there might be hotspots across the country of populations that are feeling these effects. So what we did is we essentially we chose on the dependent variable. We decided April that there are probably places that exist within the United States that are already feeling the effects of the transition. And we chose three different locations. These three locations are various places within Appalachia, Detroit, and St. Louis. Now the justifications for why might be a little obvious. Of course Appalachia is a region where many individuals have lost their jobs. Detroit and St. Louis have high concentrations of poverty and high rates of segregation. They are also home to major energy industries. Of course Detroit is obvious. St. Louis is the home of many coal companies. So we went to these locations and over the course of about six months we conducted a variety of expert interviews for a total of 46 people across these three sites. And we also had focus groups. We conducted a total of four focus groups. I'm sorry we had 46 people in the focus groups. 51 interviews total. And this was in 2016. We then subsequently followed up after the election most recently by re-engaging those experts and asking them follow-up questions to get a sense of how things have changed since the election. And I'll come back to that point later on in this presentation. Now what I'm going to present on today is three different research questions and these align with three different papers that our team is working on. The first question is are communities or individuals vulnerable to these adverse effects of the energy transition? The second is how are the communities, the three communities in which we conducted our work conceiving of and adapting to the energy transition? And in particular I'm going to focus very specifically in the Appalachian region and some of the findings that we made there that were somewhat surprising to us. And third I'll ask the question of have perceptions about the energy transition actually changed since the 2016 election and what is the role, the short-term role of politics? So let me begin with the first and that is on defining and measuring vulnerability. Now what our team wanted to do was define the concept of vulnerability as it relates to the energy transition and then we wanted to measure it and look at some kind of geographic dispersion of vulnerability. So we began by borrowing from the climate change adaptation literature this concept of a vulnerability scoping diagram. So this is what's here up on the screen, vulnerability is the core concept and it's broken down into three different components. The first is exposure that is how an individual or a community might actually be affected by a certain thing. In the case of climate change it would be some kind of weather related event. In the case of energy policies in the energy transition the exposure could be something like the price effect that I showed you or job displacement. The second category is sensitivity and sensitivity is how likely you are to be affected or your proclivity towards that exposure. So there are certain types of population, certain demographics for example that might make a community more likely to be affected. And then finally there's the adaptive capacity component and adaptive capacity is really the sense of how an individual or a community can cope or adapt or you could think of this as a resiliency kind of concept. So it's really nice about this vulnerability scoping diagram is it allows you to kind of scope out or think through the concepts that are involved in vulnerability but then if you move to the outer ring you can actually think about how to operationalize these concepts. So this is the exercise that we embarked on in the case of the energy transition and what we came up with is here on the screen. So this is a fully completed vulnerability scoping diagram based on both our interviews and our focus groups as well as an extensive review of all associated literature. So here we have different dimensions of exposure such as the price effects or the job displacement, which kinds of demographics are more sensitive to these exposures and then measures of adaptive capacity and here primarily we are able to pull from national programs such as the weatherization assistance program or the low-income energy assistance program and the money that is actually funneled to communities for these different programs. Now I'll come back to this image in just a second but let me explain that what's bolded here is a very specific case of a very specific policy and this policy is the renewable portfolio standard. So let me just make sure that we all understand what this is. A renewable portfolio standard is essentially a goal or a mandate that a certain jurisdiction, it's usually a state, must increase the percentage the percentage of renewable energy over a certain amount of time. So here I've just given a kind of basic schematic where you might have a heavy proportion in the early time period of coal generation or fossil fuel generation where you have an objective to over time diversify your portfolio and increase the amount of renewables that you have in your marketplace. So this is a schematic of what it might look like to force the electricity industry to increase the amount of renewables that they have. So coming back to this vulnerability scoping diagram, what's bolded here are the concepts within the vulnerability scoping diagram that pertain specifically to the renewable portfolio standard. Now our next objective then is to create a vulnerability score based on this information that we have. So here I have a calculation for a proposal of how we can create a vulnerability score. Now let me walk us through this. This is measuring a score and we do so by county level. Of course you could do it at any level that you have data available for. So this vulnerability score essentially says that as part of the transition you have a variety of different policies in place. Let's say you have five policies or ten policies. For each one of those policies there's a set of exposures. So in the case of the renewable portfolio standard what I'll measure today is the exposure of a price effect but there are other kinds of exposures that could be associated with that very specific policy such as with a renewable portfolio standard we might also see a decline of coal jobs and an increase of other kinds of jobs such as solar or wind jobs for example. So for any given policy you have a set of exposures. For every exposure that you have you have a degree of sensitivity who is actually sensitive for example to the price effect and for any given exposure you also have a set of adaptive capacity measures. For example the national programs or even the bottom up kind of community level programs that aim to target that very specific exposure in the example that I'll show you that exposure again is the price effect from the renewable portfolio standard.  One's going in one direction presumably the other is going in the other direction. So what we do is we take this equation but first we go one through one through each step so we have our exposure our sensitivity and our adaptive capacity so I'm going to show you a map for all three of those. This map is the exposure to the renewable portfolio standard. Now I had to go out and get data somewhere on the adverse effects of the renewable portfolio standard it turns out there aren't a lot of studies out there that actually measure the adverse effects of energy policies the majority of them measure how well these energy policies are achieving their objectives more of the the efficacy kind of policy evaluation program evaluation kinds of studies. But there's a study that was published recently in energy economics by Upton and Snyder and in this study they use a synthetic control method and a part of what they do is they come up with a marginal effect for every single state. So we are able to take that marginal effect for every single state that has this policy and it's normalized and mapped here. So this is the exposure based on a scholar a set of scholars findings about the marginal effect or the exposure effect of a renewable portfolio standard. We then take our full suite of sensitivities so these are the various variables that we have found based on our fieldwork and the literature review make one highly sensitive to the exposure of a price effect and that's mapped here normalized between zero and one. Here I have mapped adaptive capacity and this is based on two different national programs that I mentioned before that LIHEAP and the WAP program so these are two national level efforts and we really ran into challenges coming up with data for other kinds of adaptive capacity programs which I'll come back to in a minute as a I think a limitation of our work and a limitation of the field at large. So what we do is we take all of those three different components we enter them into our vulnerability score calculation and we come up with this map. So this is our final map of vulnerability. Now you may look at it and think well that's strange why for example our some states highly red and some states are green I would think that for example West Virginia would be highly sensitive would be highly vulnerable rather well just bear in mind that again this is for one policy that is the renewable portfolio standard for one exposure which is the price effect. Once we start to layer on top of this all of the other kinds of exposure such as job displacement and all of the other kinds of policies such as greenhouse gas emissions policies or let's say even the clean power plan if it has a life ever beyond this and then you would actually see a different map. So one of the things that we call for is an extension of this work to continue to compile and to add on to this concept of vulnerability. Now how could this actually be used? How could this vulnerability score be used? We think there's a variety of different applications. We think that it could help policy makers or practitioners actually identify places across the country that are hot spots of vulnerability or have high concentrations of a population that are more vulnerable. It also might help one identify or think through the difference between how sensitive a region is and how much help or assistance or coping or resiliency they actually have. So coming back to that equation and thinking about the difference there I think it could also be extended and added to other kinds of literature. So for example if we know what vulnerability is in the energy policy sense what about vulnerability in the climate change sense are there certain regions across the country for example that might be doubly vulnerable or doubly exposed and what do we do about those regions? We might also think about voting behavior as if possible that those places that are the most vulnerable don't actually vote in their best interest towards helping themselves through the energy transition. But I think really fundamentally the most important next step besides adding to what we have so far with our map and with our score is to go out in the field and ask people whether this is actually a useful tool and how it can be modified and how it can actually be used by practitioners and policy makers. So this is our path going forward but just a call for future research this is a call for ourselves but of course this is a call for the broader scholarly community. We need a lot more information in particular we need information on the effects the adverse effects of these policies across space and at geographic units that actually match reality and we also need more information about the adaptive capacity programs and component. We just measure the national programs but there's so much more that's happening there's more that's happening at the community level at the utility level at the state level at the individual household level all of these things are very rich and complicated and dynamic but we don't have good information on them currently. So I'm going to move on then to the second aspect and second research question and this is really thinking about vulnerability and specifically adaptive capacity in rural Appalachia but before I zoom in on Appalachia allow me just to give you an overview of what we found and to think through kind of the differences across the three different regions. Earlier I gave you the three different tenets of adjust transition and here I'll just say that what we found in the three different locations that we went is that these aspects or these issues were very prominent. So here the first one a right of everyone to have access to energy technologies somebody that we interviewed in St. Louis said yes still our panels electric cars they're great I can't afford it it's not about me it's not for me right the idea that these people not everybody will benefit from these technologies. The second idea of an equal distribution of the environmental and social impacts well here's a quote from somebody in Appalachia I think there's a moral obligation on the part of the country to help mitigate and to help us live through the transition. We've promised the nation with we've provided the nation with cheap energy never clean energy it was cheap energy and coal has a huge cost. The idea of that it's time for the country because there's been this disproportion burden on one community it's time for the country to help these communities through the transition and finally the notion of fairness and procedural justice one individual talked about political leadership at the state and federal level continuing to refuse to engage in promoting clean energy and to engage these individuals in the process. So these aspects came out and they also came out in a way that was very predictable right I told you that we chose on the dependent variable when choosing the different locations well we found by and large what we expected in Detroit and St. Louis there were a lot of discussions about paying one's electricity bill and paying for transportation the trade-offs that one needs to make when they're thinking about how to get to a job versus feeding their family. There's a lot of discussion about inefficiency of housing stock and how the houses that one lives in they're so inefficient they're so drafty and that costs these individuals that are already lower income individuals so much more disproportionately more than others and in Appalachia the story was very much focused on jobs and not just the loss of one's job but the loss of the economic vitality of entire communities as a result of the coal industry being in the decline. So I'm going to focus in a little bit more specifically however on Appalachia due to what I noted before as being a somewhat surprising result that we found and a very consistent result that we found across our sample. Let me just give you a little bit more detail about the sample that we have here in Appalachia so there's 23 individuals that we consider experts that are essentially working on the front line of the energy transition to help these these communities within Appalachia and they span across a variety of different kinds of different programs and on the right hand side here we have the focus group participants you can see that they're by and large generally male many of them are either unemployed or in training programs either educational or some kind of technical training programs. A lot of these individuals are former coal miners. So one of the primary things that we found in these interviews that coal is culture. Coal defines these regions very carefully so here this individual talked about how there's this sense of grief that comes along with losing one's job and losing the coal industry and coal mining at large and thinking about the identity and how the identity of not only the individuals but the entire communities are wrapped up into coal and so losing coal and losing coal mining is associated with losing one's way of life and the piece of culture that defines them. When asked about whether or not these communities or these individuals thought there was a future for coal the majority of them said no coal industry the coal industry is declining. This one person said I can tell you what my granddaddy always said no matter how many times you beat and kick that dead horse it's not going to get up and plow again. So these individuals are very mindful of the fact that the coal industry is declining along with their jobs. However what was surprising to us was a discussion of new opportunities and the excitement that came along with this new opportunity and the new opportunity to not only define oneself but to define their communities. So here this individual talks about this phenomena that's been really good to observe how these communities have begun to collaborate and seek out new opportunities and how these small positive successes can grow and accumulate into even larger successes. Right you might think that this is one isolated quote but I actually have several more many more here's another one of somebody who's talking about this kind of excitement and this possibility that now coal is gone and we can rebuild our economy into what we want. And here's yet another one when somebody talked about some real enthusiasm we're beginning to look for something beyond coal. So thinking about how to reshape the image how to reshape the culture and how to reshape the economic opportunities that they can pursue within within these communities. Now again these quotes were not isolated experiences. Here I have a table of a lot of these kind of key terms and the counts and the percentages of the respondents both the focus groups and the expert respondents that talked about this kind of revive sense of opportunity or excitement. So this actually got us thinking and thinking in real time about some of the circumstances that we're playing out in our political arena and thinking about some of the environmental regulations that were being repealed in real time by the Trump administration and we started to wonder well is it possible that repealing environmental regulations will actually bring coal jobs back right so the the majority of those that we spoke with said well coal jobs probably aren't coming back so we first asked ourselves was it possible that coal jobs could come back. So let me present a few graphs. This first graph is wind energy the price of wind energy going down significantly and the deployment of wind energy going up significantly over the past several decades. This next graph is of solar and the price of solar going down significantly and the deployment of solar going up. The same story is true for natural gas as we've advanced a variety of different technologies that help us extract natural gas at a much cheaper rate than we were able to before. And if we look at the levelized cost of electricity mapped across county across space this is a map and this is a tool actually that you all can go use through the Energy Institute of the University of Texas at Austin. And if you look at the levelized cost of electricity the cheapest sources available if we were to build today across every county is either natural gas, a combined cycle unit, wind or solar. So the answer to the first question of will removing the environmental regulations actually bring coal jobs back? Our answer is no. It's really the case that market forces have developed in a way that there are other resources that are more technologically efficient or economically efficient rather. So then we ask the question of well we're promising to return coal jobs actually help Appalachian coal communities and this is something that we that we've published on recently in energy research and social science in a kind of perspectives argument piece. And so what we argue in this piece is no and this is based on four things. One environmental regulations are less responsible for the loss of coal jobs over the past few decades. Two repealing these environmental regulations will not actually significantly alter these market forces which hopefully just those few graphs provides enough evidence of right.  Playing to our interviews in particular we argue three parts of Appalachian coal country have actually begun a transition of their own. And this is a transition as I've argued that's based on cultural identity but also new economic opportunities. And finally providing false hope in a certain degree of uncertainty can actually stall the progress that's being made within these communities towards reestablishing their sense of identity in the sense of their their new economic opportunities. So I'll turn now to the third part and this is thinking about perceptions of the energy transition post 2016 election. So I've already now brought in the influence or the role of politics of course our objective when we started was not to play to the role of politics. But as I noted as we're working on this project in real time there have been a variety of pretty strong political shifts which has raised questions about the role of politics in the energy transition. So in this paper we asked the role of does politics matter in the energy transition. This is thinking about the pace of the transition what it looks like how individuals are coping with it. So what do we know about the role of politics and energy transitions? Well excuse me there are two studies that have come out very recently that argue that the role of politics and political institutions as it relates to technological progress and policy design and policy evolution is still significantly unexplored. There's a call for more research within this domain but we know from a long range of research in the past that particularly the long-term effects of political institutions and political change has a really important effect on energy energy markets and energy transitions. So of course we should expect that there is a role for politics in the energy transition but we ask in this paper and this is a working paper we ask whether or not the short-term effects of politics matters. And particularly we're interested in the short-term effects on these kind of frontline energy transition communities. So could a sharp change in political priorities for energy affect the U.S. energy transition specifically in these frontline communities? Now here's a table that I put together just showing some of the contrasts between the last two administrations when it comes to environment and energy priorities. So you can see that across a variety of different topics including the Clean Power Plan, corporate average fuel economy standards, the social cost of carbon, and others there is a very sharp difference between the Obama and the Trump administration. So this is really playing to kind of that pendulum swing if we go from one set of values when it comes to environmental regulations to another should we see a difference in these frontline communities. So here's our research question once again. And so what we do here is we actually go back to our experts. So I noted before that there are expert respondents that we conducted interviews with in these three different locations. And so this all happened before the elections. We then later on came back to these exact same set of expert respondents and asked them very similar questions. So some of our questions as in a survey, so we went from interviews to surveys. Some of our questions matched the original question perfectly. Some of our questions were different asking like in follow-up from the presidential election, for example, how have things changed? You can see here that pre-election respondents and post-election respondents, it's not a perfect match. We lost some respondents. We have no way of knowing whether the respondents that we lost was due to some kind of missing that random or not missing that random. This is I will note a limitation of this analysis. Another limitation is that this is a very small sample size of course. So I'm going to show you graphs and percentages, but please remind yourself routinely and I will do the same that this is a pretty small sample. So here is our sample. We have a pre-election interview pool and a post-election interview pool. You can see that in the pre-election time period we had a disproportionate number or a higher number of Appalachian respondents and that number came down almost by half between pre and post. Some of this was actually individuals who lost their jobs or who are no longer in their jobs. So this is a missing not at random situation. Detroit, we lost a significant number of respondents as well. In St. Louis we held on to the majority of our respondents. So again, bear these numbers in mind as we go through these results. So one of the questions we asked was about evidence of the energy transition in one's community. Do you actually see evidence of the energy transition in your community? The majority both pre and post say yes. They see evidence. So before and after the election a very small percentage says no. They don't see any. Now if we break this down by location the story is slightly different but it's also more nuanced. So in Appalachia we can see that we went from 83% to 67%. So we had a decline of those that said that they actually see evidence of it within their community. But this coming back to the small sample size this was actually only four individuals that switched their position. So one switch from yes to no, one switch from no to other, one switch from yes to other, and one switch from other to no. So there are very small shifts and I would say four shifting is not necessarily extreme. We also see a few other differences. We see Detroit at 35% saying yes to an increase of 63%. But again these are small numbers, small shifts. And St. Louis stained pretty similar across. So generally I would say that people see evidence of the energy transition within their community and that perception doesn't drastically change though it might be slightly bigger in Appalachia. More to the kind of well it depends the other category. We asked whether or not the pace of the energy transition has changed. And you can see here that two within Appalachia say that it slowed down a little. Only three totals say that it slowed down. The median is at state about the same. So the election really hasn't changed the pace according to the majority or according to about half. And about a third say that it's sped up in some way. So most think that the energy transition, the pace of it has either stayed about the same or it's sped up. We then asked two other questions. Have federal political changes affected the transition? Following up on that we ask whether federal political changes have positively or negatively affected the transition. So you can see looking at the upper part whether or not the political shifts or changes has affected the transition. The majority think that it has in fact affected the transition. Now recall that the questions previously were on the ground in your community. Do you actually see evidence of the transition and the pace of the transition? And most people said yeah I do see evidence of it. So this says on the ground there's evidence of the transition still here and the pace is speeding up. But in the abstract I think that the political shifts are actually going to fundamentally affect the energy transition. Then asked whether this is a positive or a negative thing. We can see that the majority think that this is a negative thing right. About 20 people said either really negative or slightly negative. So in the abstract there are these perceptions that the election will shift the energy transition in a way that's quite negative. Now you might be asking yourself what exactly is negative, what exactly is positive? So the follow-up question that we asked was open-ended. Please could you explain more about what you just told us? Could you explain more about the negative or the positive? So I'll walk us through some of these quotes just to set a bit of context. So here's somebody from Detroit that said extremely negative and this person said the political changes have dramatically weakened the enabling environment for the energy transition. So this justifies one of the negative views. Here we have somebody from St. Louis that was extremely negative and this person talks about federal developments including a variety of things withdrawal from the Paris climate agreement or accords. The slowing down of the clean power plan or withdrawal of the clean power pan. The decision of the investment tax credit and for sort excuse me solar panel imports right so all of these things together have been extremely negative. These developments threaten thousands of jobs and billions in economic development. Here's some quotes on the positive side. So this is somebody from Detroit who said slightly positive. Groups and programs focused on energy transition have experienced a sense of local resistance to retrenchment at the federal level and has emboldened local action. So some of the individuals that actually said positive said it's positive because what we've seen on the ground is that it's emboldened either the local government or the state government or sometimes even the utilities which I think plays to this last quote. So this is somebody within Appalachia that said positive. This actually put more pressure on the utility industry to do something to shift to a clean energy economy. So there have been even greater there's been greater momentum since the withdrawal of the Paris agreement and it's had the opposite effect in terms of what their concerns are. People are now more motivated than ever to push to demand clean energy. So I hope hopefully this sets a little bit more context on the positive or the negative. I can't say that all negatives were the same and all positives were the same. Of course there's variation there's heterogeneity across our responses but I think that these quotes provide a bit more context as to as to what's going on here. So to summarize the findings of this last piece in particular we find that politics at least a very short term specifically in this single election has not yet led to changes of the general nature of the energy transition. It's still occurring on the ground it's still perceived to be occurring rather. The pace of it is either staying the same or speeding up according to our respondents. While these respondents perceive this kind of disruption to the energy transition at the abstract on the ground they still see the energy transition evolving and many actually believe that state and local government even electric industry involvement has increased as kind of individuals and local organizations have become emboldened to do something. So let me end with this slide and this is just concluding thoughts. I'd like to come back to the idea of the just transition and energy transition and I think it's really important for this work this body of work at large to continue to evolve and for us to push this body of work beyond just kind of the conceptual and the normative and to really ask some difficult questions within the space difficult questions about who benefits and who does not benefit from the policies as well as just the general dynamics that are occurring within the energy transition. We also need to ask questions about what kinds of programs we have in place what kinds of institutions community level individual level as well as national state and other that we have that are available to actually help these communities that might be more vulnerable to these adverse effects help them through the transition. So as we design all of these policies that aim to achieve these great goals such as reduced air pollution reduced greenhouse gas emissions and so forth we also need to we need to create a sense of policies or a set of policies rather that are targeted on these most vulnerable communities and help them transition with us. So with that I'll open up to questions.


Welcome to Celtics post game live at Eddie House. I mean, a Smith here with the Celtics with a win against the Milwaukee Bucks, 122 to 119. And they came down to the wire for this Celtics team. And then, you know, throughout the game, Eddie, it really felt like the Celtics, they were trying to pull away the Bucks still right there. Two of the top teams in the East going at it. What did this win solidify for you? Well, it meant a lot because the game was in runs.   We didn't allow them to ever take the lead or tie the game.  And we did it in different ways that we used to do.  No, it's trying to get to the basket. It's taking our time and sharing the basketball, moving and then getting stops on defense, contesting shots and things like that. So I really like this win. I know that in the fashion, we should have won by more, you would think, but a W is a W is a W. And at the end of the day, we're showing that we can win in a multitude of ways.  But what? Ugly. It was a little, come on, they should have won. A W is cute to me. A W is cute to me, too. But when you win by 20, it's cuter. You know what I'm saying? It's beautiful. OK, it's beautiful. This Bucks team, they stayed in at the entire match of any what allowed the Bucks to kind of try and keep this game close. Well, you think you got Bobby Portis, championship pedigree. You got, we know Dame Lillert, top 75 player. So those two guys really stepped up for them. They had Conditon kept the ball alive a couple of times, got a layup, you know, kept offensive rebound alive when they were trying to come back there at late in the game. But those two guys in particular were the ones that spearheaded that comeback. And they made all the plays down to stretch for the Milwaukee Bucks. And we saw some big plays out of Jaylen Brown as well. He's with Abby Chin after this win. Jaylen, you took on the challenge of guarding Dame and Lillert pretty much this entire game. Take me through that final stop at the rim that closed this game out. Just trying to take some around all game. He's tough, you know. I give a lot of respect to the name. And I was in his jersey all game long and he still makes some tough shots. So shout out to him. But, you know, that was my assignment. That's what I took on the challenge and helped us get the win. But we got to be better in the fourth.  What's different about this team this season in the clutch? I just think that we got different lineups, different team. We got Przingis. We got Drew, who wasn't out there today. But we got guys that can make a difference. So we just played with poise, take our time and get some good shots. I thought tonight we got some good looks in the fourth. We just couldn't get a stop. But we didn't panic. We didn't rush. We got some good offense. So credit to Milwaukee, though. They played good tonight. I know how close you are with Peyton and how much joy it brings you to see him shine. What kind of boost did he give this game? Like this, where it's like two physical teams. It's like the other guys that make the difference. For Milwaukee, it was Bobby Portis. For us, it was Peyton Pritzer. He's been doing the night in and night out and he deserves some credit. Finally, Jalen, did you know you guys have not lost to an Eastern Conference team in this building this season? How much pride are you taking in that streak? I didn't know that. But it means a lot. But we got to keep that up going into the playoffs. Obviously, it's a new team new year. But it's been a blessing to be on this squad. So we just got to keep it up, starts on defense and we continue it on offense and try to find a way to win. Jalen, thank you. Congratulations. Thank you. And Jalen Brown yet again, locked in on defense for this matchup against the Milwaukee Bulls. He said he was in when he said that Eddie, because it just reminded me of the commitment that Jalen Brown talked about on the defensive end of the floor. How did that show up tonight? Well, he made it tough. Like, you know, Dame was 11 for 21, had 32 points. He made some buckets. But a lot of those shots were tough. And you could live with a guy making tough shots if you're doing everything right defensively. The team is in the right place defensively. And you're carrying out your defensive game plan. And that's the reason why Dame is a top 75 player. He still finishes with 32. But that was probably the toughest 32 I've seen Damian Lillard have. I haven't seen him have 32 that tough. And it was because Jalen Brown was in his jersey. Everywhere he went, he made sure that he at least felt him. If it wasn't being physical with him, if it wasn't contesting his shot, it was just denying him whatever it was that he was doing to try to take him out of his rhythm. I mean, if somebody wasn't watching this game and they just looked up and said, oh, damn, Dame Lillard had 32, Jalen Brown really didn't do anything. No, if you watched the game, you could see the effect that Jalen Brown had on him. And Damian Lillard really didn't start getting those shots until the second half of this match. All right, let's take a look at that late execution in the fourth quarter. See how it all went down for this Celtic team. Up by three at this point, Jason Tatum attacking, something we don't see very often from Jason Tatum. But then he gets to drive and foul right here. And then obviously going to get those two buckets at the free throw line. And then again, Jason Tatum driving again to the basket, late in the fourth quarter. That makes it 1-14 to 1-07. And then Christas Porzingis on this next play.  Christas Porzingis at the right place at the right time. Being so aggressive in this game as well. And that's really where the Celtic team, they kind of sealed this game. And then Malik Beasley, a costly foul on Jalen Brown. And of course, Jalen Brown gets to the free throw line and makes both of those shots at Doc Rivers. Not happy about this one. Skal joining us live here on the desk. Skal, how did the Celtics look in that late game execution that people have questioned so much over the last month? Well, I mean, it was good because they just based the floor out. Jason Tatum against Malik Beasley. Tatum didn't rush. Tatum didn't settle for a step back jumper.  I'm just going to go where I need to go. I'm going to get to the spots that I want to get to. And if you don't come help, I'm going to go all the way to the rim. So I think what people talk about the Celtics, talk about Tatum late in games, I think it's the pull up step back jumpers that they're mad at. But in that situation, I really liked his poise of saying, I'm going to get the shot that I want. And no one on the Bucks came. He read the defense and he got layups out of it. And I think people can all live with that. Eddie, what stood out to you about Jason Tatum in that late game execution? Just everything that he just said, I think it was one time today that he took a bell out shot. And I think it was, Dame Lillard was guarding him. It was in the first half. It was on the left side of the floor. And he went to turn. You know what I'm talking about? He did that turnaround jumper. And it was enough time to where he could have got downhill and got to the basket like he did late in the game. And I think seeing him making those adjustments on the fly, for the most part, you got to think that we're watching the, this is a young man, right? Well, he came in the league, he's super young. So he's constantly developing and constantly getting better, constantly processing the game a little bit different. And so for me to see him do that when he got that matchup, the favorable matchup in the first half, then he took a turnaround jumper in it. And I know that he was thinking it was stuff like, man, I could have probably got to the basket. In the second half, he made that adjustment, got to the basket, especially with your boy, Beasley out there. Can't guard you or me up. Wait a minute. I said, he can't guard you. I said, he can't guard you. I'm so used to Eddie talking about my handle because now it's not good. All right. Did you guys, did you, OK, so what do you make of us, like the fourth quarter before those moments? I mean, it was a week, two, three zone, but we just settled all every time. Like if Derek White made some threes, I liked those.  But I just felt like once a team goes 5-0, they were 7-0. Now they're 9-0, 11-0, 15-2. What are we doing at that point? I'll tell you what that is. That, like, it's a week, two, three zone that we're like taking the bait for. And I just didn't like the way, that game could have went a lot of different ways at the end. But Tatum came through with the liver. They missed a few shots, whatever. You remember what Doc used to tell us when teams used to run two, three zone against us? Yeah. They can't guard us. Yeah, that's the whole reason why they run two zone. They can't guard us, right? I thought we had good looks. We just didn't make the shot. Derek White had some really, really, really good looks. But we didn't make them. But at the same time, I'm with you. We could attack a little bit more, especially when it's like one possession, two possession, three possessions. You can make a difference. I didn't love the way we closed that game out. And all I could think about is like, dang, I don't have to take the coon post in that home. That's what I was thinking about also. We should be sending a message. He's not even out there on the floor. You talk about the Bucks in that offense. They outscored the Celtics 36 to 21 in that fourth quarter. Although the Celtics found a way to win this game. It's Gal. What allowed the Bucks to pretty much have their way in that fourth quarter to get back in this game and have the chance to win? So they made some tough shots. I'm going to give them credit. They made some tough plays. But I just think it was us taking our foot off the gas. And I get it. We don't need to sprint the ball up to four when you're up by 18. But there is a time where we're supposed to play with a little bit more swag until the team goes 6-0 on us, right? You could still, I just, I really wanted to send a message to the Bucks. And it just never felt like we were going to get to that point where we're going to send that message. Patty, did this game give you any confidence about seeing the Bucks in the postseason, this Celtics team? Yeah, because I look at their team. And it's Bobby Portis, OK? And it's Chris Middleton, you know, no, Yanis. Those are probably the guys that you got to really, really worry about scoring the bulk of their points.  But it's still a win. I thought, you know, we took care of the basketball, you know. And so when I look at everything in totality, you know, a win is a win is a win is a win. You know, I would love to have made a statement, right? I would have loved to come out there. But you've got to give that, that's a pro, another, you know, there's some championship team over here. Because I'm thinking about the playoffs. How difficult, Skal, do you think that match-up will be seven-game series between the Celtics and the Bucks, even though the Celtics are head and shoulders up on. This is game one. So if this is game one, how are you feeling? No, so I like, I'm OK. And this game won't without Yanis, though. That's what I'm thinking. OK, so here's the thing, Bucks weren't on my radar as Bucks weren't on my radar at the beginning of the year when I was killing their defense. You guys remember that. You guys still making fun of me about that, right? Then I was like, wait a minute. Bucks are trending a certain direction. This team right now, by the time the playoffs roll around, we won't play them till the conference finals. They're going to be a real deal. So I'm confident we're going to win. But I'm telling you, this is not, they ended up as a team that's going to be a physical, hard-fought, six, seven-game series that we're going to have to bring it as opposed to what I thought. No, they're not on our level. I think they're closer than I thought.