Hello, hi, I'm Olivier and I'm going to talk to you about the next cloud proof of concept And at the end we'll take questions. So there this is our agenda today So what is a next cloud proof of concept first? It's a great opportunity to actually use next slide in your own environment connected to your own infrastructure It's also a great way to understand the technology and how it's going to use this infrastructure You will have an opportunity to understand the way information flows through the system to build processes on top of it very early on and Finally, this is going to be a Great opportunity to discuss your requirements with an excellent engineers We also want to highlight what it is not so as to avoid any misunderstandings so It's not a full solution rollout that you take into production We just want to be clear on that we can work on a roadmap, but this is not going to you're not going to take this concept and Take it away with your all your users Right away It's also not a migration project if you've been using a Competitors product we can help you define a migration path, but we're not going to actually do it during the proof of concept It's also not a scalability study we won't be a clusters doing that phase and Yeah, would be too long, but you're welcome to test your storage strategy You can connect various back ends to the next cloud and you're very welcome to it Also, it is not training sessions You will learn a lot from us of course during the process, but we don't want to train a whole department for example on how to use next cloud And finally, yeah, this is not an opportunity to get certified as a partner for example There's more to it than just going through a proof of concept to get that certification So we're talking to customers. We actually got lots of similar requests and we defined a standardized process Which then became our standard offer? so what we do is give you access to our resources during 30 days and We provide up to two mandates of remote assistance The process is kick-started by a Workshop where we define the proof of concept and We also defined what we make this project a success That would be beneficial for both of us at the end of the proof of concept We also do an architecture compatibility assessment What this means that we look at all your systems for example and how they can communicate with next cloud But what we'll definitely not do is be able to connect us so that you can connect them during the proof of concept This is can always be a separate consulting project if you need it for example But what we definitely do is help you on integrating your user system your user management system and So LDAP and active directory will be integrated so you can see how it behaves We also offer an appliance to get you on your up on your feet running very quickly and Yes, let's not forget this is a standard offer, but if you need something a custom proof of concept this can be defined for you We open to suggestions Yeah, that's what the initial workshop is for so we can really define the scope of what you want to test and then We can work together, but we have to not forget that as part of us You know standard offers only could going to be two mandates of remote assistance and it's 30 days So usually if you need to get a lot of your team involved in the process is going to take probably longer So you may require something, you know Different a custom proof of concept But for a lot of people what they need is something that can quickly set up put a few users on it Test if one or two system work because those are the essential features they need Test if you use cases and then they say yeah, this is what we can go with and then then of course you go through staging Well, yes, there's a the initial workshop is for that yeah What want to standardize is really the the time length and the effort we put into the proof of concept So what are the advantages of working with us on that proof of concept? So basically you validate your high-level requirements with a against a running installation instead of using the demo and again Because we've defined that in the initial workshop, then you know if those requirements are met You can test performance That will help you define the hardware requirements for production for example And be better at capacity player planning later on You will learn about best practices from us which will be gathered from similar situations. We were in with various customers Also A very good advantage is that you're going to solve some of the issues by working with customers with our engineers directly very early on in the process ironing out all these issues before you actually go into staging or into you know production requiring support and Because of the Compatibility assessment performed that described earlier you'll be able to have a Better view of the gap between your to be architecture and what you have right now and you can synchronize The effort you have a successful rollout and I'll have you know systems rolling out in isolation and have many issues down the line There are more advantages One is because we would have been working with you on that proof of concept We will know about your system and the specificities of your environment and that will help us Support you better and you transition quicker to production Mention also that you have access to an excellent support resources So you don't rely solely on community support. You're treated as if you were a customer And because we're guiding you is going to require a minimum amount of effort from your IT resources, especially if you're using an appliance So I think this sums up all the advantages I can see for For the proof of concept and I'm handing over to Morris. I will now show you how we do the support process at next cloud and If you think about support a process you think about something like this On the left side you have the customer Who asked some questions and those questions usually? come up at a Support team a dedicated team that's completely isolated from from the engineering team because engineering is doing the product and support is helping the customer Usually the support team has given knowledge about the software and has access to internal resources to documentation and tries to get an answer for the customer with all those resources combined and Tries to get back to the customer with this answer and satisfies the request for the customer The only issue is that from time to time your support team isn't able to fix an issue or to point a Customer to how to fix the issue themselves or provide Additional documentation links or something like that and then the support team needs to go to the engineering team and ask questions and this is often followed by a back-and-forth between support and engineering team and They are often some some issues arose Something like yeah, the support team has somehow Misunderstood the customer and communicates the wrong stuff to the engineering team and the engineering team then Can't even get the proper answer because it's not perfect 100% perfectly that what the customer wants or the engineering team misunderstood the support team while even communicating and all the back and forth Yeah, simply takes time and the customer noticed this Because the response takes longer and we thought yeah we need to address this somehow because the engineering team has a huge knowledge and a huge expertise and We want to bring this Faster to the customer because this also means the support case Doesn't take that long. It doesn't take that much resources Don't scroll over hundreds of open customer requests because you can answer them fast and close them fast and make the customer Yeah, satisfied because you just have the right answers and Another issue you have with this is if support has a solution for For a given a given problem It doesn't even come to the engineering point and support needs actively give feedback to say okay 50% the customers asking for this specific thing we fix this with that workaround and communicate as always back to the customer But at the end it would be maybe better to just fix it on the engineering side and never have the issue pop up again So what we think is how a support Psychic should look like is something like that You have some supporting people in a in a support Team but most of the time also engineering is involved into this process because engineering builds a product that somebody uses and What would be the best way to yeah know what your customers or users are doing then just talk to them so Here you clearly see there is not that much ping-pong between a support member and the engineering team member because There is no need to have this proxy through a support team, but it's simply solved by engineering directly and This also has the advantage does Yeah, something like this but down the lane doesn't have that much effect. You can't misunderstood Man in the middle that just simply translated something wrongly or the missile misunderstood something so it's a It's it's good for both sides the customer has faster and Better higher quality feedback and responses and on our side We have fewer requests because we understood how our customers and users use our projects What are the the points where they have problems and? Maybe how we could adjust the product slightly to match better the use cases that are that occur in the wild And to understand is a bit better. I have an exam. Oh, yeah, that's that's the sum up of all of this and I have an example This is the screen you see when you share Why are a public link and hide the file listing? That's an anonymous upload you can send around this link to five people that can upload fires and They pop up in the folder, but the people can't see the content of this folder that's the device drop feature and One of the most requests we got from users and customers is We have some data policies here and we want to add a disclaimer to this to this page because We as a company need to guarantee that the data is not somehow Has not no rights reserved somehow or that there are no copyright Violations happening with this fires because the fires in the end lend on our server and we need to take care of this So they request that there should just be a little a little text that is shown to the uploader and Yeah, how you would do it usually from a support point of view you say to the customer Yet you can use that page copy it over to the theme directory add your text in line hard-coded and That's it. The support case is closed the customer satisfied because this feature is now built in on Their instance it's themed But it has a huge disadvantage because now you moved the maintenance factor to the customer The customer needs on every update needs to check if the theme still applies if everything still works they only tested some cases and not a huge range of use cases and in the end it's bad for both sides because After an update, maybe this page is broken and not noticed right after the update but two weeks later and nobody knows why it's broken suddenly and This Looks like the product is buggy and doesn't support this probably and on the other side the product itself Can't be a The cause because it's just fuming and we said yeah, you need to maintain your female self so What we did here in this case We just thought yeah would be as simple to add for the for the sharing section a Default disclaimer that is shown if it's configured the admin can say show this text all the time It is well integrated now in the in the product itself It is it is tested on our our testing or by our testing team We we have built into the product and understand how it works we can properly handle the upgrades and There is no maintenance cost at the customer side or for the customer admin The users are more satisfied the admins lasted and we also have fewer requests in the future so This is one example of how this new process is better for both sides We as we as a team understand how the product is used and What yeah paper cuts are in the product that usually gets solved by some workarounds, but maybe should be fixed properly and Yeah, we just make it make the whole process easier for Thanks for your attention. Do you have questions? Yes Like Regarding a future request for the for the versions or for what? Yeah, usually those those features Where we collect usually we collect this all and get up my stones and then Compiler list out of this on stairs a release With the if the latest RC. There's also a forum post via we we encourage everybody to to test new release candidates and There's also a compiled list with what was fixed in there and that's also then the case for for future releases So this is then also listed in there Thanks


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we will discuss the following question that says, what is the amount of annuity due of $200 yearly payable half yearly for 10 years at 8% compound interest per annum payable half yearly. Before we move on to the solution, we will discuss the formula to find the future amount of annuity in case of annuity due. In case of annuity due, the amount of annuity given by a is equal to small a upon i into 1 plus i the whole into 1 plus i the whole to the power of n minus 1 the whole. Where the small a is the annual payment of each installment n is the number of periods of annuity. Then r% is the rate of interest per period and we find out i as r upon 100. This i is the interest of $1 for the same period. This is the key idea that we use in this question. Let's move on to the solution now. In the question we have to find out the amount of annuity due of $200 yearly payable half yearly for 10 years and the rate of interest is also given as 8% per annum payable half yearly. So this means we can use this formula to find out the amount of annuity due. First of all let us see what is the small a? That is the annual payment of each installment which is small a is equal to $200 divided by 2. We will divide it by 2 since the payment is done half yearly and so this is equal to $100 half yearly. Now let us see what is the time given to us. Time is now as the payment is done half yearly so n that is the number of periods of annuity would be equal to 2 into 10 that is equal to 20. Then again rate of interest that is r% is 8% per annum we divide this by 2 so this is equal to 4% half yearly. So now i would be equal to r upon 100 that is equal to 4 upon 100 equal to 0.04. Now the amount of annuity due which is given by capital A is equal to small a upon i into 1 plus i the whole into 1 plus i the whole to the power of n minus 1 the whole. So we will put the respective values in this formula to get the amount of annuity due that is to find out the capital A. So we have capital A is equal to small a which is $100 half yearly so we write here 100 upon i that is 0.04 into 1 plus 0.04 the whole this whole into 1 plus 0.04 the whole to the power of n which is 20 minus 1 the whole. So here we have A is equal to 100 upon 0.04 into 1.04 into 1.04 to the power of 20 minus 1 the whole. Now this decimal cancels with this decimal and 4 26 times is 104 so we have A is equal to 2600 into 1.04 to the power of 20 minus 1 the whole. Now we will find the value of 1.04 to the power of 20 for this we suppose let X be equal to 1.04 to the power of 20. Now taking log on both sides we have log X is equal to 20 into log of 1.04 further we have log X is equal to 20 into. Now the value of log of 1.04 is 0.017 so now we have log X is equal to 20 into 0.017 which is 0.34. Now to find the value of X we take the empty log of 0.34 and this comes out to be equal to 2.188 this is the value of X that is 1.04 to the power of 20 is 2.188. Now putting this value here we have A is equal to 2600 into 2.188 minus 1 the whole so A is equal to 2600 into 1.188. Now removing this decimal we get here 1000 these to 0 cancel with these to 0 this is equal to 30888 upon 10 so we say A is equal to 3088.80 thus the required amount of sanity due is equal to 3088.80 dollars this is our final answer. This completes the session hope you have understood the solution of this question.


Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to Unizor Education. I will talk about equations, but not in the details. It's just an introductory lecture to equations. There is a bigger portion in the algebra part, so all the details are there. This is just a very brief introduction to basically what equations are all together. All right, so let's just consider something which everybody is familiar with, very, very simple equation, and then we will think about what it means. Let's just consider this. It's a very simple equation and everybody knows that solution to this is x equal to 30. Now, what does it actually mean? What does it mean that we have an equation? Well, let me go back to a previous lecture where we're talking about operations, especially like in this particular case, unary operations. Basically, what we can say is that there is some set from which we are looking for certain element. Now, what do we know about this element? This is an unknown element, and we know that if we have performed certain operation on this element, which is subtracting five in this particular case, operation, unary operation, we will get another element, point to five in this case, which we do know. So basically, you can say that equation is something like this. You have certain operation of use for whether f, like a function, of some unknown element of certain set. Let's say in this particular case, it's a set of real numbers, and you know that the result of this operation is certain known element. In this case, it's 25. So the function f of x, or operation, unary operation, which has only one particular argument, is subtraction of five. So generally speaking, an equation is basically this. You have a unary operation, you have the result of the unary operation, which is some other element, and you have to know what's the argument of this unary operation, which causes the result of the operation to be the known element a. Okay, now, the purpose of the solution means, what does it mean to solve the equation? Well, it means to find that particular x, which if a particular known operation is applied against, will result in a. Now, you remember that unary operation might have an inverse operation. So first I have defined in the operations an operation of identity, which for any element, results in the same element. And then if there is certain operation f, let's say, and then another operation g, and the combination of these is basically the same element a.  So if this is the case, so if for operation f exists g, which is an inverse in this particular sense, so the combination in any order that you do an identity operation, then to solve this is really very easy. How? Well, obviously what we have to do is, now, this is an element and this is an element of the same set. So let's apply the inverse operation g to both sides. So I will have g of f of x is equal to g of a. But since we know that the g is an inverse operation, g of f of x is x, it's identity. And this gives us the solution. So now we know which exactly element was taken as an argument to this particular operation to get the element a. Now, we know the operation f. Like in my example on the top, it was subtraction of five. So in theory, we might know the inverse operation. It's a simple case. Well, basically in case of subtraction of five, we know that addition of five will be an inverse operation because if you subtract something and then add exactly the same thing, you will return to the same element. But this is an easy case. So let me repeat again. If there is an inverse operation to the one which actually forms an equation, then everything is simple. You just apply this inverse operation to the result and you will get an argument. Okay, let's try to complicate the issue a little bit. Let's say that you do not have exact expression for inverse operation. Let's just make such an example. Two times x minus five equals 25. Now, this is slightly more complex. Now, in the previous case, when I had only x minus five, it was obvious that x plus five would be an inverse operation. Now, in this case, I mean, I'm sure it's simple, but it's not like obvious what exactly the operation is. However, if you would like to return to x from two x minus five, you might consider doing it in two steps. First, you inverse one operation. So you have function g which is x plus five. Then you have function h which is division by two. And what you can say is that if you first apply g of x to function to x minus five and then you apply h of this. So first you apply g which means plus five, you will have two x. Then you apply h to the result which is division by two. Then you will get x. So what I'm saying is that it's not one particular operation which you can just write, which you have found to be an inverse to f. So this is f. So you don't have really an expression for one particular operation which is an inverse to this, but you do have two different operations which combined together g of h, h of g will give the inverse operation. Now, this is just a little bit more complicated than the first case. But if you know that your inverse function can be actually found by doing this step by step inversion and you know that h of g of f is identity operation, then you basically do exactly the same thing as in the previous case, but instead of one function which is inverse, you apply two functions which in combination give you the inverse. So you do h combination with g of 25, that should give you the solution because h combination with g from the left part since this is inverse to f will give you x. So that's why when you apply it to 25, you will get x equals two. Now, how to apply this combination? Well, this is h of g of 25, which is h of g is addition of five, which is 30, and h is division by two, which is 15. So you've done basically the same thing. You've found an inverse function. Just in this case, it's a combination of two other functions. Well, by the way, if you check 15 times two, it's 30 minus 5.25 hours in this part. Now, what if it's not two? What if I will give a little bit more complex case here something like, I don't know, x minus five times three plus 17, whatever. Now, how to inverse this particular function f? Well, obviously first you subtract 17. So you have g one of x equals to x minus 17. Then you divide it by three. So you have g two of x is equal to x divided by three. So you get x minus five. Then you plus five. And g three of x is equal to x plus five. So the combination of these three, first is g one, then g two, and then g three. Applied against the result. Let's say the result is, let's say it's 19. No, I have to do it by three, so I don't have to think about this much more. So let's say 11. No, let's have it more. We don't want negative numbers. So let's have 28. Let's say, right? 28. No, not even that, sorry. 38. So it will be 21. Yeah, all right. So what if we will apply these three functions against this particular number? Well, first we apply g one from 38. Then we apply g two from the result. And then we apply g three from the result, which is equal to g three of g two of g one of 38. You subtract 17. So you will get 21, right? Now g two, g two of 21 is division by three, which is seven. And g three is addition of five. So it's 12. Well, let's just check. 12 minus five, seven times 3.1 plus 17, 38. That's okay. So in this case, I have come up with an inverse operation to this one as a combination of three more elementary operations. Again, fine. Everything works fine. Now, if you understand this, then basically the next statement would be kind of obvious. Basically you are simplifying, if I can say so, the original operation with each step you're making in analyzing it and finding what kind of components would give you an inverse operation. So first I realized, okay, this is 17. It's basically the final result. So which means that whatever this is, it's adding 17, which means my first step should be subtracting the 17. I am gradually simplifying this complex expression using certain functions, which in combination would reduce it down to x, basically. In some cases it is obvious how to do it. In some other cases it might not be that obvious. And my point is that solving equations is, I mean the real equations, not the one like this, is a real challenge sometimes, because you have absolutely no idea in the beginning how to come up with this inverse operation step by step to completely reverse whatever the initial original operation f is doing. And this is kind of a creativity, which I'm always trying to talk about. Solving problems is a creative process because you don't really know how to do it. It's not a skill which you can learn. It's an art which you should master. Now, how to develop this type of ability to solve different equations? Well, obviously there is only one way. Just solve the equations and the more the merrier and the more different they are, the more unorthodox in some way they are. Now this is a very orthodox kind of equation. I mean everybody knows how to do that. Well, try to do something more complex and I will actually, on the website on Unisor.com, I will present lots of different equations with different degrees of complexity. And yes, you do have to do that. Now, why is it very important? It's not important for mathematics.  Now, solving equations as well as solving any mathematical problems is actually preparing you to solve the real life problems because what is the problem? The problem is something which you have absolutely no idea how to do, how to solve. You have to think about it. You have to invent certain ways and there might not be actually the ways which you have already done before. I mean, it's good if you have the same problem again and again solving with just different numbers or something like this.  It's a routine job and if that's what makes you satisfied, it's okay. But for those people who are not satisfied with this routine style of work who would like to see something new and to get involved in a very, very creative process solving equations as well as, for instance, geometrical construction problems in geometry. I mean, all these are really preparing you for real life problems. Okay, so I was just trying to do this introductory lecture and we talked about equations from the operations standpoint and solving equations as basically coming up with an inverse operation. A little later I will probably talk about some concrete equations like quadratic equations and some other polynomial equations. But this is just an introductory and it's supposed to serve as just warming you up to the idea that solving something which you have not solved before is really very good for you from creativity standpoint from your preparation for your real life. All right, so that's it for today, enough philosophy. And please go to Unisor.com for all other educational material. For parents and supervisors, it's an excellent tool to control the educational process of their students. They can enroll students, they can check the score obtained on exams and they are in control of basically saying that, this particular topic is complete or not complete, etc. That's it for today, thank you very much.


Hi, I'm Captain Rosemary Estevez. I'm a clinical psychologist in the 42nd Mental Health Clinic. Here to help you find some tips to reduce stress and anxiety during these challenging times. First, keep things into perspective. Consider what's probable versus what's possible. Second, focus on the here and now. Oftentimes, anxiety stems from the past or thinking about our future. Stay here in the present moment. Lastly, focus on what matters to you and your values. When you're at home, continue to engage in meaningful activities. The clinic remains open to you. If you have any questions or would like to come in for treatment, please call us. We've adjusted our services to be virtual to better accommodate your needs. Thank you.


Welcome to the British Library, keeping you company during lockdown. Today you're in for a real treat. You're going to meet an extraordinary person called Sophia Deleet Singh, who went from being a princess in a frilly dress to turning into a really top quality troublemaker. And there are items related to her life and astonishing legacy in the British Library's unfinished business exhibition, which will be opening later this year. See you all there. To guide us through this story, we have none other than Anita Anand, her biographer. You'll know her from BBC Radio and of course from her other great historical works, The Patient Assassin and Co-Inor. But today's book is this one. Anita is going to guide us through that. And I want you all to know that in roughly 20 minutes, we'd like to invite you to join us in a conversation to have questions with Anita. But for now, Anita, over to you. Oh, thank you very much. Thank you very, very much, Bea. So this is really exciting and a little bit strange I know for everybody.  This is actually my makeshift studio. I'm now broadcasting like most of the BBC from little rooms in the house and you have to make your own soundproof booth. So to that end, I've used every blanket in the house that's not being used. I've used some terrifying soft toys from my small children. This is one that some people quite admire. It's a Beable Bear, which is two-headed and terrifying. So that's where I am right now. Let me bring up some of my slides because I'm so excited to share some things with you, some pictures, which I used in the book. Now they're coming up. Let's see. Yes, that worked.  I probably should have timed this a little better. Can you all see what I am brandishing right here? Can you see it? Maybe I'll stop the share and just show you because I would like you to have a guess as to what this actually is. So normally I would pass this around, but I can't do that. So instead, I'm going to show you salient details and describe what I'm holding. And then you've got to guess what it is. So here, this is not going to help you at all, but it's a stamp that says that this thing was made in Essex much like myself. Made in Essex. Not going to help you, but it's interesting. Quite weighty. Got to wait to it at this end. Quite long, fairly long, sort of rounders, but it's not a round as that because that would be too easy in a question. So put your guesses through. Be may pick some of the more interesting ones out. Let me now come back to why we're here to talk about this extraordinary woman. Share screen. There we are. Here we go. Lovely. So Sophia's a leapsing is an absolute gift of a person to write about and a gift I couldn't believe dropped on me. It was a picture was this picture that provoked the book to begin with. It came through in a magazine that had arrived a local magazine through my door saying local suffragette exhibition, and it had this picture. And even though it was in sepia, there was something about it, something about her face that told me that she was Indian or Asian, at least. In fact, even more than that, I just sort of thought she might be Punjabi for some reason. So there is a thing with us Punjabies, we can just sense each other, you take us hundreds of miles away from each other and we just kind of locate each other with some kind of weird Punjabi sonar. Anyway, I tried to find out a bit more about her. It said suffragette demonstrating outside Hampton Court and that was weird in itself. I found out then that her name was Singh, which was really very strange because I'm married to a Singh. This is not looking good for me at this point because I thought, hang on a minute. I'm a political journalist. I've been a feminist for longer than I've been a political journalist. I am married to a Singh. So how do I not know about a woman called Sophia Dilip Singh, who was a suffragette? And then it turned out this little thread that I started pulling brought down an avalanche of extraordinary facts. Let me talk to you through some of them now. Sophia Dilip Singh was the daughter of a Maharaja. This was her father, Maharaja Dilip Singh, who is known to Indians. One of the most tragic stories we Indians, especially if you're from the north of India, are brought up with a little boy who was forced to sign over his kingdom when he was just a child to the British. He once also wore the Co-inor Diamond, which I've also written a book about, be very kindly mentioned, on his arm here, like a big egg on his little chubby arm. The granddaughter of this man here, known as the Lion of Punjab, Maharaja Ranjeet Singh, who is an absolute legend in India. He's known as one of the greatest potentates who ruled over India. And she was the goddaughter of Queen Victoria. So this at the moment is Celebrity Square Bingo for me. I was sort of finding out about a woman. I thought, I don't know anything about her. How do I not know anything about her? All these names started tumbling out of the sky. I thought, OK, I'll get a book out. I'll just read up about her. And there was nothing. There was absolutely nothing about her. So like a H that I couldn't stop scratching. I just kept scratching at it for about four years. And that's how the book came out. What else did I find out about her? Well, turns out this woman, Princess Sophia Dilip Singh, like me, was born in Britain. British Asian, OK, more and more things in common. She was, this is where it sort of we part company. She was a fashion model. So this is in the newly burgeoning era of women's magazines. Sophia was born in 1876. By the time she comes of age, women's magazines are starting to become popular. And she is very often featured because of her fashion sense in the pages of these women's magazines.  She loved to be photographed. She loved this kind of nonsensical photo spread that we're seeing here. She was also a champion dog breeder and a very accomplished horsewoman. And here for your delectation, one of the many ridiculous photo spreads that she did with her dogs and her horse. She was very, very good at breeding dogs, actually. She competed against the royal family and what now has become crops. And she only bred hilariously very, very big dogs and very, very little dogs. And she won both categories with these very, very big dogs and very, very little dogs. Pomerois and Wolfhounds. And she had her coming out, her debut in society at Buckingham Palace. So she was a favourite of the Queen who was her godmother. In this picture that you can see here, you see her two sisters. So she is on the lower tier on the right-hand side next to her, the darker complexion, but very striking woman is her sister, Bamba, her eldest sister. And above the swan-necked beauty of Catherine Dilip Singh, her other sister. They were both older than Sophia. So I could not understand for the life of me after doing some research. How is it that this woman here turns into the Hampton Court, and all of these other headlines started tumbling out at me? Because being a journalist at heart, I try and trace people through newspaper coverage. It gives you a good idea, a barometer of public feeling towards a person. So there were all of these articles which loved her hugely. My favourite, let me try and remember it properly, was from a very conservative newspaper called The Church Times that called her a thoroughly English gal, notwithstanding her great Oriental Meg. So they really, really loved her. And then there are these other headlines that describe her as an ingrate, an immigrant, a foreigner, a traitor in our midst, a traitor's daughter. They started to hate her. So what happened? What happened to change a woman who lived in Britain and wore her Indian-ness really very likely in this sort of Lafayette picture here? You can see her almost dressing up as an Indian as fancy dress. That's what she regarded herself as. To suddenly becoming the bane of the British establishment. Before I tell you what changed her, I'm going to share one particular episode because I can tell you about a woman. But I want to tell you what makes her really great and what makes her fascinating. She has this great name and great lineage and we'll talk about her journey, what is the word, metamorphosis from one state to another from this pointless kind of Kardashian creature to somebody who I think was a woman of real substance. As B would describe her, a badass, a real badass woman. So let me tell you about this one particular incident which I think sums her up. It's the 18th of November, 1910. The suffragettes have come as close as they ever have to getting the vote, not the vote for everybody, just women who have property, women over the age of 30. There are stipulations it's not perfect, but it is something. But the Prime Minister at the time, a man called Asquith, has this blind spot when it comes to women. In so many ways, a progressive Prime Minister, in so many ways, sort of the man who thinks about welfare, the man who thinks about pensions, the man who thinks about a people's budget, you know, quite forward-thinking. But when it comes to women getting the vote, he has an absolute block. And so two days before the 18th of November, there is a big meeting in the Albert Hall, and Emmeline Pankhurst, the leader of the more militant wing of the suffragettes, the WSPU, says, I have heard rumours that Asquith is going to kill the bill. And the thought was that this bill, which had progressed further than any piece of legislation before it to give women the vote, to give them some voice in their own future, was going to be suffocated because he was going to guillotine the time, so it would not pass. He was going to kill the bill. And she says, if this happens, if he kills the bill, we are going to march on Parliament. We are going to make him answer to us. Who's with me? And this forest of hounds spring up. The voices of all these women at the Albert Hall miss raise the roof. And among them, this tiny, diminutive, brown-skinned woman called Sophia Deleepsing. Five foot one feet, size three feet, and hands, which are smaller than mine. Now, I'm very, very freakishly small hands, I'm told. Even smaller than mine. I know this because somebody once very kindly allowed me to try on one of her gloves could not get anywhere near to getting my hands into them. So she's tiny. But she's one of those women that makes Emily and light up because she's a superstar. So to have a superstar marching at the front, a superstar whose Queen Victoria's own goddaughter at the front of this march. Well, that wouldn't that be something. So Emily picks this cadre of superstar suffragettes, Sophia among them, among them other names that you may have heard of. Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, Britain's first woman doctor, first woman mayor. A woman called Mrs. Saul Solomon, who is a state's woman who's come from South Africa, who is outspoken. She is a real liberal in the true sense of the word, trying to make spaces for women. Darinda Nelligan, who is one of the pioneers of girls' education in this country. Avelina Haverfield, hair for airton. I mean, I love hair for airton so much. I get very excited when I talk about these women and I get off track. And we'll just tell you about her for airton. She was there because kind of a cube of a woman with black frizzy hair and intense eyes, who was one of the first, the first woman to be allowed into the Institute of Electrical Engineers. But what made her special is that she was known as Marie Curie's Rottweiler. Because when Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize, newspapers refused to acknowledge her in this country. They said that Pierre Curie had won the Nobel Prize. And it was Haver for airton who wrote again and again to editors to say, correct it.  So everybody knew about these trouble-making women and everybody recognized Sophia's face, this great magazine feature. So there they are. They've got together. Now, Caxton Hall on the 18th of November, 1910 and they are getting ready to march.  There they are. They get arrested. They clog up the courts. They make their speeches. They clog up the prisons.  So he doesn't want this to happen this time round. So he set an ordinance that they can't march together. People can only march in groups of 12. And so Emily says, that's fine. That's what we'll do. We'll separate into groups of 12. We'll march into attachments. I will go with Princess Sophia and all of these people here for airton, Derinda and Elegant, all of these. And we will march in the first group and we will go and march to Parliament. And that's what they do. Little groups, detachments of 12 go from Caxton Hall, which is about an eight minute walk from Parliament. And they make their way to St. Stephen's Gate at Westminster. And when they get there, they come across Parliament Square, which has been in the news so much lately. And it is packed out. This is an era which doesn't have television. So spectacles like this, where the suffragettes clash with the authorities, pull crowds. There is a detachment of naval officers from an American ship on leave who come to see the fun. There are policemen stuffed full of policemen, plain clothes and in uniform, on horses and on foot. And these women had to run a gauntlet through these pressing crowds to get to the gate. But they make it. Sophia then finds herself, and as we'd say in these days, kettled at the gate at St. Stephen's, next to Emily and Pankas. But they've been allowed to go through. So they're just expecting the next detachment, the next detachment to come through. The next comes in. The next comes in. And Sophia and Emily are watching absolute horror as the police turn on these women in the most violent way. You know, there are some really shameful chapters in British Parliamentary history. I know we are aware of this. This is one of the worst, because it's state sanctioned violence against these women. The edict has been passed around, not formally, but informally, that do not arrest these women, tire them out and tiring them out. So the police means picking them up, throwing them against walls, against the tarmac, sexually assaulting them. One of the most awful, brutal parts of researching this book was going through boxes and boxes of testimony from women who described having their clothes ripped off, having their breasts grabbed so hard that bruises were left for weeks afterwards and they thought they may have breast cancer because of the violence that was inflicted on them. And this starts happening all around them. Emily is screaming from the gate, arrest them, arrest them, just arrest them. Sophia is screaming, just arrest them. Nobody's listening. There is mayhem in the square. And suddenly this little woman who has known privilege all her life, she lives at Hampton Court, by the way, in a Grayson Faber house given to her by her godmother, sees a little gap in the crowd and she dashes through, straight through, makes her way into the crowd. Why?  And so there she goes. Inside the crowd, puts herself in between the police officer and this woman and shoves him with her body and says, get off her. And he lets her drop. Now to most of us, you know this is a result. We'd be quite happy with this, but not Sophia. So this police officer, imagine it, suddenly has this celebrity A-lister in his face. He drops the woman. He tries very hard to disappear. You don't want to be tangling with this nonsense. And he goes into the crowd.  The number then, as now, on a policeman's uniform on his epilote, will tell you which station he's based at so you can identify him. And it's only when she gets the number, V-700, V-700 that she lets him go. This fracar in Parliament Square, where no arrests are made, goes on for five and a half hours. And it's only then out of despair that finally the arrests are made, Sophia being one of them, and all these women are bailed to appear the next morning. Not one of them is charged. Why were they not charged? Despite the fact that later on they're going to be accused of all sorts of brutality. Well, because they did not want the testimony for this day to get out. This is also one of the first times that newspapers suddenly start pivoting about their opinion about the suffragettes. You see, until this point, these women were crazy in the eyes of most of the press. They were unfeminine. They were wrong. Somehow not quite right. And yet pictures like this of police officers looming over women who are thrown to the ground and semi-conscious. The testimony of men who are in that square suddenly makes their argument feel real. The daughters of Britannia are turning against the country. What is this? So that's a little taste of Sophia. Just a very quick, because I know time and I want to answer as many of your questions as I can.  There was a thing called the press cart procession, which the suffragettes used to do. They used to drive carts, selling their newspapers, their radical newspapers to places where they knew they were going to get trouble and they knew they would be heckled, but they knew that would also draw attention and might get into the newspapers. It must have manipulations of their day. So they drove these press carts to places like Drury Lane to park outside taverns and theatres when men would come out. They would be jeered and, you know, it would all build up. Sophia Delipsing not only went on these press carts, she drove the carts.  The woman in the redonkulous hat, which is the height of Parisian couture, is a princess, an Indian princess driving the cart to Drury Lane. When the suffragettes in 1911, so a year after this horrible thing, which was known this day, 18th of November 1910, I should have said was known as Black Friday, the real Black Friday. Everyone talks about shopping in Black Friday. It makes my blood slightly boil. The real Black Friday was 18th of November 1910. A year later, the suffragettes step up their campaign. They start burning things down, blowing things up. These are some of the pictures from Q Gardens, where they did the most on feminine thing. The way the newspapers wrote about it was actually quite something. They had the temerity to rip up flowers and burn down flowerhouses. How could they over is not shrivel up on the spot? The newspapers were so upset that these women were so unfeminine they would turn on flowers. And here, the public opinion, which had been sort of swung towards their favour in 1910, started swinging away. Women like even the sainted Elizabeth Garrett Anderson started turning back from this militant wing, this Emily and Pankhurst wing of the suffragettes and saying that we don't like this. We don't like post boxes being burned or chemicals being poured in. And we do not like trains being set fire to insidings. And we do not like this. And we don't like David Lloyd George's house being set on fire. So they started backing away from the WSPU. Sophia doubled down. So whenever somebody was brought to court to be prosecuted for these things, like making homemade incendiary devices, she would make sure she was there publicly sitting in the gallery. There was a time when the suffragettes did this whole militant strike along Oxford Street and Bond Street. They had toffee hammers in there for months. They at an appointed time or stood in front of different shops and went blink with these toffee hammers and the windows were all smashed to pieces. Sophia did not back away that even though many suffragettes could not stand this, they thought it was insanity and turning the public against them. This I wanted to show you is the 1911 census. I think a great pride to the British. The British were second to none when it came to bureaucracy and measuring and numbers. And the census was their pride and joy. Suffragettes refused to take part in the census. Many of them just went missing. They just refused to be in their homes to be there when the census counter knocked on their door. They walked around Aldwych, many of them, around an ice rink that was there. One very famously hidden a cupboard in the House of Commons. You'll know her name if you know anything about the suffragettes. Emily Wilding Davidson, who later would become immortalised and how crazy it is immortalised for dying when she threw herself in front of the king's horse at the derby. But this is Sophia de Leipzig's which she could have been arrested and sent to prison for. This woman tried again and again and again to be arrested and sent to prison. No vote, no census. As women do not count, we shall not be counted. We have a conscientious objection to filling in this form. She got on everybody's note that this is a wonderful thing. When this exhibition happens at the British Library, it's so much of my research at the British Library, you will come across this extraordinary letter which is, Queen Victoria has gone. Her son, Edward, has gone. It is now George V on the throne and he cannot stand Sophia. She's there living in a grace and favour home. Thanks to his family, how dare she be doing these things? And he writes to very high place people in the India office and says, can we not throw her out into the street? Can we not get rid of her? And there is a wonderful exchange which the British Library has, which you will see. And this is just one example of this page. He asked if anything could be done to stop her. Can we stop her? I mean, can we throw her out?  He's got to keep hold of India. And the north of India, where Sophia is of the royal family, is restive again. And he says, if you want to do it, you do it. It's on you, but we're not touching this. It's a brilliant, brilliant, brilliant paper trail which the British Library gave to me. So this is a little bit about a woman who's a debutante who was a superstar who turns into the enemy of the people. And if you have any questions, please buy them at me because I could bang on and on and on and on. We would love you to do that, Anita. It's a rollercoaster. Thank you so much for sharing that. We've had lots of questions come flooding in. We've actually invited people, if they'd like to, to join us on screen. Please do pop up if you feel that you'd like to. So for anyone that sent in a question, let us know if you'd like to pop up. We are actually hoping to speak to Ashesh first who's got a question. But whilst we're finding Ashesh on screen, Anita put us out of our misery. What was that wooden thing? Okay. So this is a calisthenic club which women were encouraged to use to keep young and beautiful. You know, the bat wings thing. So you might swing it around and there are a number of prescribed exercises for women to keep your arms toned. Very, very big in Victorian, Edwardian and even Georgian England. It was also the weapon of choice for the suffragettes. And why was it the weapon of choice for the suffragettes?   They are entirely concealed in your coat.  It's one direct move. Viewers in the safety of your own living rooms, I've seen Anita swinging this thing around. I'm really interested in it. And I invite Ashish to join us on screen. Are you there Ashish? Can you hear us? I'm indeed. Hi. We met at Bancrofts a few weeks ago. I was sitting next to you at the time and I got the book and I've read the book. You've said... And I've been absolutely fascinated by the book I'm also mad at the book and looking how can the British government treat people in such a brutality way, it's been absolutely appalling. And how could they treat the Raj in such a way? And I'm now a firm believer that the Goy Nor Iro has got to go back to India. But having read the book, I've actually seen that some of your descriptive pieces, some of the descriptions of India, of the various palaces, various situations, the dresses and things have been very, very accurate. Have you achieved that accuracy? Is there any artistic license in there or is it out of diaries and bibliographies and things like that? You know what? Let me, if I may answer your question, actually, it's very nice to see you by the way. Hello. Let me, I'm going to share some more images from you because this was, I was very, very keen to, because I couldn't believe how extraordinary this story was, to stick so very closely to the truth. Because I know that if I had written this down as a fiction proposal, I've got a story about an Indian princess whose Queen Victoria's goddaughter who fights with the police in Winston Churchill and King George's with hate her guts. They'd send me away.  Don't be so silly. So I really needed to stick very closely to the facts. And let me show you a little bit of what I found. And again, this is something that if you are lucky enough to make your way to the exhibition that is, that is going to be heard at the British Library, you will see this. So the thing that changed Sophia was exactly the thing that outraged you. So why is it that somebody's put pointless and pretty self-absorbed and will turn up to the opening of an envelope, which was what Sophia was like. She liked parties more than anything. How does she suddenly become so politically conscious that she tries again and again to put herself in danger for her fellow women? And it was India. It was actually India that changed her. Now, why am I not able to do that? Let me just, there we are. It was a trip to India during the Darbar celebrations when her godmother died, Queen Victoria died, and Edward VII was going to be anointed. It was decided in India to have a huge celebration, partly to mark the passing of one monarch and the arrival of another, partly to remind the Indians who was in charge. So at this great party, this Darbar celebration, every potente from every part, every principality, every kingdom of India was meant to come forward and bow before the King Emperor. And Sophia was itching to go. She just really, it's such a good party and everyone was going to be there or her friends were going to be there, and she didn't get an invitation. So she tried again and again and she and her sisters tried again and again to write to the Secretary of State and they didn't want them there. Because the dispossessed Dileep Singhs and the story of her father, which I do tell in great detail in the Co-inor book and also a little in this book, is so miserable. They thought just their very presence would spark some kind of uprising.  And they see for themselves this enormous celebration, this might and majesty of the Indian principalities and kingdoms and for the first time they see all that they have lost. They also see the amount of money that was spent on the Darbar celebration and famine that has decimated the rest of the country. This postcard was sent to people, said by people as a novelty. That, oh, look, look what's happening. This is a postcard from the time. So suddenly it strikes her that there is something very, very wrong about the Raj. And for the first time, she's not the only brown face in the room. She's one of many. Now in Britain, she was treated as a celebrity, but in India, she's just another coolly. So she faces racism for the very first time in India and all of these things bite her so deeply. She sees all of the lands, this is all Lahore, by the way, which is where her grandfather and her father range. She sees all of this. There are no statues to her father. There's so little to her grandfather and yet the roads are named Charing Cross, the Marl, and there is a statue of Queen Victoria at the centre of the city. And you asked me, where did I get this? Did I stick to the fact? This is a diary that the British Library holds, which her writing is abysmal and it was the biggest migraine I've ever gone through trying to decipher this. But this shows the development of a politically inert person into somebody who has fire set in her. And she hears the cries of these revolutionaries in India saying, give us a voice. I'll ask them, I'll ask them, I'll ask them, I'll give us a voice. They want a voice, I say, in how they are run. And when she comes back to England, she hears it in the suffragettes as well. I hope that, I do long answers these. Stop me doing that. No, it's just the problem is it's so fascinating. I'm dying to jump in and yet I can't. Thank you very much for your question. I should say it was lovely that you could join us. Our next question waiting for you is from Ellen. Ellen, are you there? We should be able to see Ellen popping up any moment now. Yes. Ellen, what's your question to Anita? Hello, first of all, I'm just really happy to be here as a commissioned poet by Poet in the City as part of the Collections Inverse Project, bringing the Unfinished Business exhibition to Newcastle. And as part of that, I spent some time looking at the collection and researching Sylvia Pankhurst. And so my question for you is this, when the Pankhurst split and Crisabelle and Emeline Pankhurst really changed their priority away from trying to get the vote for everyone, to trying to get the vote for just some women and Sylvia formed the ELF, which really aimed to bring working women to the heart of the suffragette movement. Where did Sophia stand on that? So from what we know, and because she had her letters, I mean, the most frustrating thing. And every time I talk about this, I say, please, look in your attics, look in your garages, because a lot of the information that I found were letters that she had written to her, that her sisters had written to her because she had conserved them all, and they're also at the British Library. And there are people who had boxes of these letters, but her letters to them were scattered to the wind. So we have to guess, we have to fill in the gaps. We do know that she was sufficiently loyal to the Pankhurst, that when Emeline Pankhurst died, she was chair of the Committee for the Commemoration Celebrations. When the statue that you now see in Abingdon Gardens was consecrated, she was right there, front and centre. But we also know, at about that time, she is possibly feeling the disillusion that you are referring to, that there is a split in this sisterhood that had meant everything to her. The people she once saw eye to eye with are now talking about things she can't get on board with. Emeline Pankhurst, for example, and something you didn't mention, was very, very pro, keeping the colonies at all costs. You know, she was a pro-empire, and this would have really rubbed Sophia up the wrong way. And you sort of see a decline in Sophia after this point. She looks as though she's almost wasting away a little bit of photographs, you know, because there's still always photographs of her. And her sister's letters to her are saying, please eat, please eat something, please do something, please don't slip like this. And it is actually ironically only the Second World War, because the First World War also, I mean, we won't have time to touch on all of this, gives her a reason to live. The suffragettes stopped their struggle, but then she turns to nursing the Indian troops that are coming back to Brighton and raising money for them. And then the Second World War is the other thing that lifts her after this depression of what have the suffragettes become, because she takes in evacuee children, and she suddenly has a cause again.  She was not... I'll go to... Don't pee in if I may. Sorry, thank you so much for your question. We've got loads of really wonderful questions coming in now. Really keen to widen the debate around and the narratives around what people's perceptions of suffragettes are. And on that, I'd like to invite Jamila to join us. Jamila, are you in here somewhere? I'm hoping to see you pop up. Otherwise, we can... Oh, yes. Hello, Jamila, please join us. Hello, nice to meet you all. Hiya. I'd just like to start by saying I had never heard of Sophia until I was at an event for charity, Water Aid, and the actress Anne-Marie Duff was there. And I got talking to her, and it was soon after the film Suffragette came out, which was 2015, not that long ago. And she recommended the book to me. And... My book? Oh, that's nice. Yeah, she recommended your book and noted the fact that she didn't really have... Did she at all have a role in it? She certainly didn't have a leading role, I don't know. I can't remember her... No, she wasn't in it. I'll tell you a good story about that in a minute. Go on. What struck me about the movie was the connection between the middle-class women who led the suffragettes and the working-class women who really became a huge part of the power in the movement and one of those women, Anne-Marie Duff plays. And I just wondered, if Sylvia, she was an ethnic minority, but she was also extremely privileged, did she ever connect up with British Asian or ethnic minority women who were working-class? Well, no, I don't think she did, not with the working-class, because at that time, the working-class Asian women, and let's say Indian women, because they were, it was India at that time, it wasn't a diasporic country, they were invisible. So they were the Ios who had come over with British families and been discarded, or there was sort of that servant level of women who had come over, they'd served all their lives with families and then the children grow up and they're just discarded. So they become completely invisible. What she did do in her life is that she... I mean, can we say that she connected? No, she didn't probably have friends, we don't have any awareness of that, but we do know she raised money for shelters, for particularly the lush girls who were, again, the lowest of the low, there were men who had sailed over, bringing the riches from the East over in merchant ships and then had been cast loose and couldn't afford shoes, let alone a roof over their heads. So she cared very much for them and she carried on donating money and fundraising for shelters and literally saved hundreds of lives as a result, no doubt about it. But she was privileged. She was in this country, as I say, she was kind of white in this country. She wore that Lafayette picture. She wore her Indian-ness very, very likely. But in India, she discovered her Indian-ness and when she came back after that, she was much more conscious of being Indian. So she had a lot more connections with Indian women. They were of her class, though. I mean, there's no doubt about it. There's a travel writer who includes, but she's an aristocrat, an Indian travel writer who's traveling through Europe and meets her. But most notably, when she goes to India, she talks about the suffragette movement there and is directly responsible for some of the great strides in getting women included in the new constitution of a new free India. So she meets a woman called Mithun Lam and Hirabai Tata, who are part of this small group that Gandhi will appoint with Sarojini Naidu, another very prominent woman in India, to sculpt the new India. And she tells them, she wears this badge and Hirabai Tata writes about it. So that's why we know about this. So what is this? What is this you're wearing? And she says, well, this is how women fight in England. And when the first commission sits in London with Hirabai Tata, Sarojini Naidu facing all the British great and good, including Annie Besant, by the way, there is the fire as well, front and center in the press reports sitting with them. So, you know, she did what a woman of her class could at that time, was she friends with Ayaz? No, I have no evidence to suggest that she was. I'm gonna jump in there again. Thank you very much, Jamila. It was lovely that you could join us. It's just fascinating to me how one life can just throw light in so many different directions at this critical juncture in the relationship between Britain and India. There's a question here. We've had loads of questions sent by text messages well via our chat facility. And I've got really one here from Jet Jeep Bains who asks about, are there any descendants of Ranjeet Singh? Are there any survivors? No, there are not. This is the terrible tragedy. So again, this is one of those things of folklore that is associated with the Coenore Diamond, which the family used to own, that the Coenore wipes out dynasties. And the tragedy is that Dilip Singh had two sons and three daughters, and none of them went on to have children of their own. And there are all sorts of great, like Sophia was too white to marry a brown man and too brown to marry a white man. She never settles down, never has children, even though she's incredibly maternal. And later on in her life, we'll prove this again and again. Her sister, Bamba, marries very late in life, but only to get money out of her trust. She says, no, it's not a real marriage. It's pretty much a sham marriage between these two people. And she also insists that the courtiers, when they were children, put powders in their food to make them all sterile. But she was quite an, who knows? She insisted it, that I have nothing to back that up at all. There is another story that's told by people related to Victor, Dilip Singh, the oldest son, that Queen Victoria, he married a white aristocrat, and she supposedly, Queen Victoria, invites Lady Anne Coventry to come and see her after the marriage as she must never have children. Because the line must die, because if there is a Dilip Singh, then there is a challenge to authority and Punjab. So none of them had kids. No. I'd like to pick up with another question. Thank you for that. I'd like to pick up with a question from Kieran, Sahot, who asks, says, I love the book very wise. And Kieran began to research and looked how that story links into the stories of many other South Asian women and the efforts that were made. Do you think there's enough being done celebrating her life and work? No. I'm thinking of the stamp. The stamp was amazing. Okay, so that really, I don't think I'll ever do anything that cool in my life. I don't know what that was. So she was completely unknown and the Hilary Juff thing, so I'm just circling back to that. It's all to do with the same thing. When the film Safar Jet came out, Safar wasn't in it at all, which is a shame, because one of the incidents which is pivotal, when Meryl Pankhurst or Emilyne Streep, however you want to put it, it appears at the balcony and the police charge in Campton Hill Square, Safar was there. Safar was one of the ring of steel around Emilyne Pankhurst as the police are trying to drag her out and they carry the decoy to the police station. So she was there. She was actually there when all the other suffragettes are practicing their suffragettes. By the way, jiu-jitsu brought to this country to buy the suffragettes. Another story for another time. But there was just nothing about it. So anyway, a lot of noise was then made when the film came out, particularly in America, that you whitewashed brown women out of the story. And to me, it was really strange because I thought, and a lot of it centered around my book. And I thought, actually, none of us knew about her until now. And I thought it was wonderful that people were angry, but I didn't want to knock a film about suffragettes because God, how long have we waited for that? And I, you know, more of that. But then I was telephoned and I was sawn to secrecy by a royal male that they were going to bring out a stamp with Sophia on it. And that there was going to be a whole suffragette series that she would be one of the only people on her own. So there would be groups of suffragettes that she would be on her own.  Not this one. It's the black one. No, it's the one I, the one, the one that's, I'll show you in a second. It's the book was reissued after the stamp with that same picture on the front. She was on a postage stamp. So I have this thrill for the rest of my life that there's this clean in the neck Indian princess with Queen Elizabeth looking down on her in a stamp. And we sent parcels. I just think it's so great. But it's wonderful. So yes, I mean, there are lots of other things I'd really like. I'd love a blue plaque where she laid out. But I fight wherever I can to talk about her and for people to know about her because she was so brilliant. I just don't think we can have enough of these as you call them superstar suffragettes and troublemaking women. So here's to many more. Thank you so much, Anita. We're having to draw this to a close now. Thank you very much for joining us, everybody that's been here. I'd like to urge you to buy this fantastic book because let's face it, if we're all spending the same amount of money on books as we are on booze, then that would be a good thing. Also, I'm gonna ask if you have enjoyed this event and you feel moved to make a small donation to the British Library, there's a message appearing just down here at the bottom from my team members, which will show you how to do that. But in the meantime, thanks again to Anita.


Bernie Sanders spoke at George Washington University, and he gave a speech about democratic socialism now when I Initially learned that he would be speaking about democratic socialism I assumed that he'd be saying largely the same thing. He said in the past, you know I'm a democratic socialist in the sense that I believe we need a strong social safety net We need to make sure that people have political and economic rights But what we got here was much more than that Certainly, he touched on that but what Bernie Sanders delivered here was by far the most comprehensive Profound speech. I think he's ever delivered like this might literally be the best speech He's ever given because not only did he describe what he means by democratic socialism but what he did is he talked about the way and really the history of Socialism and how it's been used as a boogeyman To scare the masses and get them to not support policies that are in their best interests And on top of that he explained how his version of socialism is different than Donald Trump's Version of socialism because Donald Trump supports socialism. He just supports corporate socialism And what he did that I think was really important was he tied Democratic socialism to combating the rise of fascism because during the Great Depression what FDR did to fight extremism and fascism Due to economic desperation was he implemented these policies that are social democratic So what Bernie Sanders is saying is we're seeing this again right now And if we truly want to stop fascism and curtail radicalization and desperation We need to guarantee people a set of basic rights a second bill of rights so what this speech is about is him essentially laying out what FDR did to stop the rise of fascism and how it relates to now and He's basically pledging to continue FDR's vision now This speech is over 40 minutes long And I can't possibly play all of it for you and I will show you a clip But what that being said before I play a clip for you I have a pretty long clip. It's like 10 minutes long. So you're watching a quarter of it. I would highly highly encourage you To watch the entire speech. It's that good I found it very difficult to Kind of prepare a version that was more condensed because what he's saying here every word of it is extremely important So I'll link to the full speech down below I would encourage you to watch that as opposed to the more condensed version But I'm gonna play a clip for you 10 minutes long if you've already seen it. You can fast forward past that But when we come back, I'm gonna talk about the implications here Across the globe the movement toward oligarchy runs parallel to the growth of authoritarian regimes Like Putin in Russia she and China Muhammad bin Salman in Saudi Arabia Rodrigo de Trete in the Philippines hair Balsarano in Brazil and Victor Orban in Hungary among others These leaders meld corporates corporatist economics with xenophobia and authoritarianism They redirect popular anger about inequality and declining economic conditions Into violent rage against minorities Whether they are immigrants racial minorities religious minorities or the LGBT community and to suppress the set They are cracking down on democracy and human rights in The United States of course we have our own Version of this movement which is being led by President Trump and many of his Republican allies Who are attempting to divide our country up and attack these very same? Communities today. We are all rightly repulsed By the site of neo-nazis and clansmen openly marching in Charlottesville, Virginia And we are horrified by houses of worship being shot up by right-wing terrorists but on February 20th 1939 over 20,000 Nazis held a mass rally not in Berlin Not in Rome, but in Madison Square Garden in front of a 30-foot banner of George Washington bordered With swastikas in New York City New York City But back then those American extremists could not replicate the success of their Authoritarian brethren across the ocean because we in the United States thank God Made a different choice than Europe did in responding to the errors social and economic crises We rejected the ideology of Mussolini and Hitler and we instead embraced the bold and visionary leadership of Franklin Delano Roosevelt then the leader of the progressive wing of the Democratic Party together with organized labor Leaders in the African-American community and progressives inside and outside the Democratic Party Roosevelt led a transformation of the American government and the American economy like today The quest for transformative change was opposed by big business By Wall Street by the political establishment by the Republican Party and by the conservative wing of FDR's own Democratic Party and He faced the same scare tactics then that we experienced today red-baiting xenophobia racism and anti-semitism and Roosevelt concluded and I quote Never before in all our history Have these forces been so united against one candidate as they stand today They are unanimous in their hate for me and I welcome their hatred President Roosevelt was reviled by the oligarchs of his time who berated these extremely popular programs as Socialism similarly in the 1960s when president Lyndon Johnson brought about Medicare Medicaid and other extremely popular and important programs He was also viciously attacked by the ruling class of this country and Here is the point It is no exaggeration to state That not only that FDR's agenda improved the lives of millions of Americans But the new deal was enormously popular politically and help defeat far-right extremism today We have a demagogue in the White House Who for cheap political gain is Attempting to deflect the attention of the American people away from the real crises that we face and instead is Doing what demagogues always do and that is to divide people up and legislate hatred This is a president who supports brutal family separations border walls Muslim bands anti-LGBT policies deportations and voter suppression It is my very strong belief that the United States must reject that path of hatred and divisiveness and Instead find the moral conviction to choose a different path a Higher path a path of compassion justice and love and That is the path that I call Democratic socialism Franklin Delano Roosevelt helped create a government that made Transformative progress in protecting the needs of working families Today in the second decade of the 21st century We must take up the unfinished business of the new deal and carry it to completion but now we must take the next step forward and Guarantee every man woman and child in our country Basic economic rights the right to quality health care The right to as much education as one needs to succeed in our society The right to a good job that pays a living wage the right to affordable housing the right to a secure retirements and The right to live in a clean environment We must recognize that in the 21st century in the wealthiest country in the history of the world Economic rights are human rights. That is what I mean by democratic socialism Truman said and I quote Socialism is the epitaph they have hurled at every advance the people have made in the last 20 years And this is Truman. This is a quote from Harry Truman Socialism is what they called social security Socialism is what they called farm price supports Socialism is what they call bank deposit insurance Socialism is what they call the growth of free and independent labor organizations Socialism is their name for almost anything that helps all of the people and Harry Truman while President Trump and his fellow oligarchs Attack us for our support of democratic socialism They don't really oppose all forms of socialism They may hate democratic socialism because it benefits working people, but they Absolutely love corporate socialism that enriches Trump and other billionaires and that is the difference between Donald Trump and me He believes in corporate socialism for the rich and powerful I believe in a democratic socialism that works for the working families of this country in 1944 FDR proposed an economic bill of rights But he died a year later and was never able to fulfill that vision Our job 75 years later is to complete what Roosevelt started and that is why today I am proposing a 21st century Economic bill of rights My friends these are my values and that is why I call myself a Democratic Socialist at its core is a deep and abiding faith in the American people to peacefully and democratically enact the Transformative change that will create shared prosperity social equality and True freedom for all. Thank you very much Everything he said there is crucial.  They end up getting Exploited by a demagogue who preys on their desperation and who scapegoats women and minorities and immigrants and That same thing that happened during the Great Depression in the United States and around Europe is happening again So what FDR did was he gave us the blueprint? He gave us what we need To defeat fascism in order to stop fascism and stop the rise of these right-wing demagogues You've got to cut off The source of what makes the popularity or the rise or potential rise of these demagogues possible in the first place And that is mass Disenchantment with the establishment economic desperation if you can stop that Then you can stop the rise of right-wing demagogues and the ruling class. They don't care that fascism is on the rise So Bernie Sanders also describes here. You didn't see this But how you know, there were numerous examples of this socialist bogeyman being invoked when Truman proposed a Nationalized healthcare system, you know those that drafted it were demonized as literal communist Sympathizers who were following in the footsteps of Moscow, you know when the children's health insurance program was proposed It was called a step towards socialism by the Heritage Foundation So you've got to understand they're trying to scare you and they use socialism as a bogeyman To scare you so what this speech demonstrated to me is Bernie Sanders is the only person Running for president who gets this who actually knows how to defeat fascism Stop mass disenchantment with the establishment Stop desperation give people a Chance the opportunity to be successful and move up and move up the economic ladder And that's how you do it That's how you do it It's that simple but nobody else gets it. Nobody else sees what FDR did and wants to continue his vision Not even other progressives in the race so-called progressives like Elizabeth Warren because look at this tweet from Edward Isaac Dover when I told Warren that Sanders is giving a speech today saying Democratic socialism is the only way She shook her head and Laughed when I asked Harris. She said huh when I asked Bennett I Don't think the American people know what that means. So I mean you expect someone like Kamala Harris To say that you expect Michael Bennett to say that but someone who purports to be a progressive who claims that she's on our side To laugh This should make it very clear to everyone It's Bernie It's always been Bernie because let me remind you that during Donald Trump's state of the union When he declared that America will never be a socialist nation Elizabeth Warren stood up and applauded him. She stood up and she applauded that fascist It's always been Bernie Regardless if he wins or if he loses we will all look back at this moment Historians will see that Bernie Sanders was the one ticket out From the pain and economic anxiety That everyone is experiencing Bernie Sanders was the one person Who would serve as the antithesis? To fascism and right wing demagoguery So again, if you Didn't take my advice and watch, you know, the full speech Do yourself the favor and watch the full speech Bernie Sanders lays it all out as clear as day He knows exactly what to do to get our country on track What he does in America could reverberate around the world other countries could emulate his style of democratic socialism even if it's not technically democratic socialism and it is More accurately described as you know social democracy still Bernie Sanders Is the one person Who can actually get us on the right trajectory? So are you going to go with someone? Who's only progressive when it's politically expedient like Elizabeth Warren. Are you going to go with someone? who Assumes that label Only because they know that they need to win an election Or are you going to go with someone who's telling you Clear as day I want to be the next FDR. We saw what he did. I want to do that for you Help me help you The choice is clear It's got to be bernie