So, I think one thing I noticed with a bunch of the check-ins on the last time was people explicitly mentioning a desire to learn programming for social impact. So I thought it would be useful to talk about some of my work and some of the things which inspire me. So this is just sharing a little bit about what got me into the field of sort of social change and hopefully it's useful. So I guess the first sort of question is like why in terms of why even care about social impact isn't it just enough or hard enough to earn a living and make a business and that sort of thing. And for me, I spent the first, God, seven years of my career not really thinking about social stuff at all. I was just building a business, learning programming, enjoying life. And it wasn't until I started to explicitly investigate and research global issues that it shifted the course of my direction. And that's, I mean, how many people feel like they've got a good handle on like global issues sort of stuff. Some people a little bit. For me, it's sort of like sense of what's going on, but when I found diving deeper into it one sector at a time, it really just changed my worldview completely. The sort of things that I started to dig into were like if you look at species extinction and environmental stuff, pretty much all living systems on this planet are in decline. And they're in decline because of us, like the impact humanity is having on the life support systems of this planet are severe and rapid and accelerating. And you see lots of symptoms of this, but the life support systems which keep us alive as a civilization are slowly getting worse. Global poverty, 1.4 billion people live in environments or situations which are pretty much unimaginable for most of us. It's something which we as a civilization have the resources to fix. It doesn't cost that much to change these people's lives dramatically, yet we do not do it. And we haven't done it and we've known about it for ages. The energy which we use to make our society work, which everything relies upon, is finite. It's dead dinosaurs in the ground. And we're depleting it faster than we're replacing it with alternatives. And if you look at the consequences of energy depletion and energy shocks in our society, they are catastrophic. So that's another one. When we burn the stuff, we also trash the climate. And when you look at the, this is like there's no undo button for the stuff we're currently doing to our climate. And it's one of those situations where the short term feedback cycles aren't there. So it's long term feedback cycles which humans aren't really good at. We're sort of good at running away from tigers. We're not really good at orienting our decision making for 100 years in the future. If you look at the financial system, money is debt. And that sort of thing, how money is created, how it is used, it's a deeply flawed system which only functions in a situation of perpetual economic growth. The technology advances we've done in the last couple of hundred years have created an environment where things are always growing, things are always progressing, things are always getting better. Our economic system has adapted itself to that environment. So when things stop growing, when we start hitting limits of growth on our planet, our whole financial system doesn't work and it fails. You sort of see glimpses of this in the sort of the 08, 09 crashes where some numbers changed on some computers and hundreds of thousands of people were kicked out of their homes. Like the connectivity of our financial system is pretty big. Our education system was developed a couple of hundred years ago. A huge amount of people go through our schooling system thinking they're failing when it's our system which is failing them. We get people and put them into batches like manufacturing products and one year at a time move them together. It's in crisis in some places, but for a lot of people it's education which should be something which is universally accessible, which is, you know, we have a wealth of knowledge as a civilization. People should have access to that and the way we're doing it doesn't work that well. For me, the biggest thing though is that most people don't know about this and don't care about it, you know, the pressures of life is just earning and learning and living and whatnot is that that's what fuels our thoughts and our actions and that, you know, the majority of people spend their working life in wasteful bureaucracies or helping earn shareholders a few more points of growth rather than spending their life energy on the most important things and doing stuff that really matters. And so that for me felt like one of the core pieces of all this. And if you look at the history, a great book is Collapsed by Jared Diamond. Civilizations have collapsed in the past. You know, there's case studies of how civilizations fail, what it looks like, what happens. This is the biggest and most connected civilization that has been on this planet and there is a real possibility of it collapsing. You know, it could collapse in lots of different ways. It could be a graceful decline. It could, you know, re-discover itself in the future. But, you know, there is a lot of indicators that we are facing a severe collapse in the next 100 years. And that's, you know, that's a shitty thing to sort of think about. And so I guess all those sorts of things, like I really encourage you, if you're interested in this or you haven't come across it, just spend time, you know, spend a couple of months just researching and diving into it. But come to grips with the current situation and what things are like. Like the information's out there pretty easy to find. When I went through that process myself, I started to think about, okay, what do you do about this sort of thing? Like what's the use of having that information? How do I orientate myself around it? And for me, I found a lot of heart in just thinking, I did a bit of a thought experiment. I figured that if I had a long run and a full life, I might have 80,000 hours of working in me. Like that would be my sum total contribution. You know, 40 years, 2000 hours a year, rough math. And it really, you know, it put things a little bit into perspective, but it became a useful way to orientate myself in terms of, hell, this is just an optimization problem. What's the best use of an hour to make impact? And I'm an engineer, and that was really useful for me. So I started to do short experiments of 10 hours, 100 hours, and so on. This was about five years ago, so I've used up 10,000 of my hours. Probably more like 12 or 13, it burned a bit too much.  And I'm going to try and measure the outputs of my actions, was, you know, it's agile, and it's stuff that I knew, and it made sense. Because at the end of the day, we're all just a drop in the ocean, like 80,000 hours is nothing, when you think about the cognitive surplus of humanity. But it's what I've got, and that's all any of us have got. And this is a great story about Copaña in Thailand, about kids who loved soccer and didn't have any way to play. So they built a soccer field on the water. And I think that it sort of speaks to me a little bit about the ethos around the maker community. Like we make things, we create things. When you don't know what to do, make something. And, you know, we all have a tremendous amount of potential to build things which are beautiful and meaningful and used by millions of people. So when, you know, you hear global stuff and big numbers, we can build things which touch big numbers. That's what programmers do. One of the, so I'm going to jump into sort of some things that I've seen which inspire me. But first, in 1992, the UN called the Rio Earth Summit. Who's heard of that? Few folks? So basically, they got together to talk about ecosystems, environmental protection, social justice, perpetually growing economies. It was a UN event, delegates from huge, all the countries, a huge amount of wealth, power, knowledge, information in a room together. And they made binding commitments. They were talking about, this was the foundation for things like the Kyoto Protocol and our response to climate change. It was a foundation for the international accords on biodiversity. And 20 years later, it failed completely in what it wanted to do. It just, it didn't work as an intervention. Pretty much at the same time, the first GSM network launched in Sweden. And 20 years later, you have more cell phones than people on the planet. And when you look at the impact cell phones have had on people's lives, both in the developing and the developed worlds, it's been massive. And so I would argue that cell phones have changed people's lives much more than the whole government's getting together and making binding treaties. And the lesson I took for this was sort of, this is how I think change propagates in a complex system. Is that somewhere in the whole world, people come up with something that's just better. Other people look at it, they see it's better and they copy it.  So when I think about how to affect these big systems, it's about coming up with something which is better than the status quo, has a positive impact and is copyable. And again, when you think about software and open source and what we do, that's the heart of our craft. And I think there's always opportunity to sort of draw inspiration from the work of others. And you see the art community do this explicitly, but you also see it happening in technical and business communities. And so now here's a few stories about the stuff that I look at for inspiration in my work. First one is the natural world. Like billions of years of R&D have gone into pretty much every living organism. It has adapted through massive changes of environment and there is some really cool stuff there. So if you look at how information networks work and look at how the natural world does it, if you look at the way the natural world evolves and responds to change, if you look at how it uses energy and so on, there is just a wealth of knowledge in the world around us. And I think that that's one of the, there are lots of reasons to protect the natural world, but that's definitely one of them. Who knows this guy? Tim Berners-Lee, creative internet. Or the guy who led the team who created the HTTP protocol. So that's the internet. But I think one of the things that, when you look at the origins of the internet, HTTP, SMTP, you know, FTP, all that stuff, they're basically protocols. They're rules and commitment, sort of shared agreements about how we're gonna interact together as information system. And if you look at the stuff that's come along in the last 10, 15 years on the internet, it's not so much about protocols, it's much more about platforms. You know, if you look at Google, Facebook, Twitter, like the big internet, like the cornerstone architectures of the internet, which it just wouldn't be as useful if that stuff wasn't there, that is no longer a protocol which is distributed and commonly held. It is now a for-profit entity answering to the shareholders first. And so I think that one of the inspirations I take from sort of the origins of the internet is that what was exciting and what was powerful was that it was distributed and open and collective. No one owned HTTP. Anyone who wanted to could plug in and they were in the network. Know this fella? Yep, Linus Torvalds. So basically, probably one of the biggest milestones in the open source community was Linux. It was the grandfather a lot and it really proved that a bunch of volunteers who don't know each other can get together and build something very sophisticated, very useful and very competitive. And this slowly took over one server at a time until it became pretty much the foundation of a lot of the internet architecture. He also was one of the creators of Git, which if you've ever used anything before Git, you'll realize as a blessing from heaven. And I think that, but to me, that concept of people together contributing to something which again is collectively held. So this isn't so much about protocols. This is much more about stuff. It's about software and applications. But the idea that a bunch of people can collaborate and build significant things is probably one of the most, one of the places I find the most inspiration in. When you look at the significant scale of the problems, you know, the solutions we need need to be able to scale and they can and we know they can. Who knows about Gov.uk? So one of the things which I've seen a lot in terms of the tech community and just sort of progressive community in general is that there's a lot of disillusionment with government. Like it feels like our governments have deeply failed us. They have not led, they have not. You imagine if only I ran the government, what could you do to make the world a better place? And I think there's one idea which is governments are really a reflection of the world. Like they live in the world of political feasibility. That world has boundaries on it. But it's also a world which, not just the directive forces of government, as in this is a legislation we're gonna write, but the administrative forces of government, like the people who move data and stuff around to make a difference in the world. And you know, it's short, like everything here, it's got its flaws. But the concept of using technology to change the way government happens, I think is fundamentally inspiring to me because at the end of the day, the government is ours. And if it's not failing, it's our responsibility to fix it. I would really encourage people not to give up on government and to instead engage and help change it.  And I see this and I see the potential for a virus which can ripple through all governments in how they interact with their citizens and how they work. Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies. You know, who knows where Bitcoin's gonna go, but I get the sense that the future of money is being created right now. If you look at how money is created and how it is used and who controls it, it is the financial class and bankers which create money and hold that power in society. And for the first time, there's an idea around what if we had a protocol and a distributed commons, which is how money is created and moved around. No one owns it, no one profits from it. And again, you see people building apps and businesses and so on in the ecosystem of cryptocurrencies. But the fundamental premise of that this isn't owned by a financial class, that this is run as a collective protocol-based system, I think has immense possibility. And so if, you know, there's interesting stuff here, but for sure. This is a more personal and smaller scale one. Last year, my girlfriend and I went to Cambodia for five months. We had an idea about how maybe we can help people to teach people how to program and do some good, as well as experiencing life in another place. I met the fella in the middle, Monkho, tall one. And he was basically young guy, 24, did a computer science degree, got a scholarship to go to the Czech Republic, came back to Cambodia, had a whole, you know, started, was very interested in education and helping people. He started working at one of their small universities.  They had labs, but they had limited access to the computers in there. He had to spend most of his monthly salary just to buy materials to, you know, pen, paper, books and so on, that you don't get them. And so he started to talk to the students and say, hey, do you want to do some projects and earn some extra money? And they're like, yep, but we can only do it for one or two hours a day because that's when we've got access to the labs. And so he was like, okay, let's start to get some laptops. So they basically started to build websites in exchange for laptops. So one deal at a time, that's why they're all holding them. They started to build WordPress websites for people, get laptops so that the students could continue learning in their own time. But the lesson that I learned here was that it takes maybe like a hideously small amount of energy to change people's lives. I showed up there, 50 hours of work. I was still doing my day job. I just helped out a little bit. And you can touch people.  It's like, oh, Josh, you get so much, and I'm just like, this is important. Another one. I think that there's a fundamental trade-off that you can do when you're trying to make a difference. Like you can just resource yourself and go straight for impact. But you can also say, I'm going to bet on other people. And fundamentally, when you look at the Dev Bootcamp teachers and the organization itself is saying, if we spent the rest of our lives making stuff, we could have X amount of impact. If we help other people get the skills to make stuff, so much more. And I think that when you look at sheer helping people get skills to participate in the modern economy and to use those skills for building useful stuff, building beautiful and meaningful things, that is a really effective strategy for making change. When I first started Inspiral four years ago, my only strategy was find people who want to make the world a better place, do whatever I can to help them. Help them find contract work, help them start businesses, help them meet people, whatever. And that's really paid off as a strategy, but education, doing it better, and to me, it's really exciting to be part of this community and to see what's happening here. And Pisa in Kenya, like this stuff is seriously cool. This is a photo from the first ATM withdrawal by cell phones.  This originated as going into villages where they didn't have banking systems and you would text money around to friends and family. They basically leapfrogged the whole financial system and went straight to mobile. You see this a lot in the developing world. Like it's mobile is definitely the future when it comes to social impact. The cost of Android smartphones is going lower and lower. It's getting down about $50 a unit, what we saw in Cambodia. And if you look at, in general, the impact computing has had on our lives and our world and our countries, it's significant. Like imagine 30 years ago and now, just what the difference is. A lot of that potential has only lightly touched the developing world. You know, if you go to Cambodia, I think 8% of people ever report having been on the internet in their lives. About 15% of people have Facebook accounts and it's on their phones. But that's still 15%. If you think about all the other people who've never engaged with technology in a substantial way, they will be getting smartphones in the next five years. There'll be Android and there's billions of them coming. So one of the key opportunities that I see for social impact is help people in developing countries get the skills to build mobile and web apps so that they create the solutions they need locally and that they can be part of the economic opportunity but also the social opportunity rather than us just coming up with solutions and building stuff for them. So fundamentally backing and supporting people, because there are programmers there but they're small, they're under resourced. It's really easy to help them out. Anyone know Mondragon? They're a Spanish organization started in the 50s. They currently all have about 80,000 staff, 230 companies. They're a real conglomerate, cooperatively owned. Their staff own everything. And so when you look at the story of cooperatives and collectives, it's largely an untold story but approximately 3 billion people on the planet earn their livelihoods through collectively owned enterprise. And I think it's really important to remind ourselves of that particularly in this part of the world where the world sort of looks like VCs, founders, equities, stock options, all that sort of stuff but collective ownership and cooperatives. There is large success stories. There is a huge amount of work and money and energy in this ecosystem and I also think that technology has a powerful role to play in making cooperatives more efficient, more effective and more available to people. So definitely check these guys out because the whole cooperative movement is a place that I've drawn deep inspiration from. This is something that we're doing in partnership with the government in New Zealand where we are basically helping young people build mobile apps to address youth mental health issues. So the thing which really inspires me about this is that again it's not about I've got a solution and here's how I'm going to use my skills to change your life and to build an app which will fix whatever it is I'm trying to fix but it's about engaging with people to deeply understand what are the challenges you're facing what are the solutions that you can envision and how can we help you with the tools so that you can respond to it. We'll provide some support and some skills and some time and so on but fundamentally it's about helping people respond to their own issues because as people interested in social change it's really interesting, it's really easy to come in and try and save the day and it is the wrong way to do it. Go in to serve people, achieve their goals is the most important piece of advice. Another one we've been working on is Lumia which is about decision making and so this is essentially a bunch of occupied people who were camped on the lawns of the Wellington City Council for a bunch of months and so they saw the opportunity for technology to change the way people make decisions because when you look at the status quo which most people are used to we organize in pyramids and that's been the most effective and efficient way to organize humans until the internet came along. You would take the best people you had, the smartest people, you would give them money, information and control and you would have them set direction, instructions and the rest of the organization would follow suit. If you're organizing with courier pigeons or telephone or what not, that makes sense even if you're just doing email and forums that's still the best way to organize but when you build deep and powerful information systems you can consciously distribute money, information and control within an organization and build a fundamentally more efficient way of organizing and so their vision is for every person in the world to have the opportunity to have a voice in every decision which affects them and if you think about all the decisions which affect you in your life how would you even know that they're happening how would you have a voice into them like it's a non-trivial exercise and they're starting to do it and they're working on the Wellington Lawns to consulting with the Wellington Council about how to engage the citizens in their decision making and policy it's a long journey ahead but the thing which really inspires me about this crew is just that they're willing to dream big and they're willing to throw everything at that dream In spiral I'll just talk briefly the company that I started four years ago I took my personal consulting company and used it as a vehicle to help people who want to change the world I started to form companies together it's now a network of maybe 150 people and 12 companies doing stuff and that's my playground where I practice most of this stuff and try and figure out how do I turn some of my 70,000 hours that are left into positive change that's an upper limit there's always the opportunities for misfortune in this world and I think finally this is our first company retreat I drew a lot of inspiration from the people around me people who are just like me who are doing this stuff and so yet having a community and surrounding yourself with people who you draw inspiration from is one of the strongest pieces of advice I'd give anyone considering this sort of line of work so if you think about where you're at and what you're interested in and what is it that you need to succeed I think here's some advice if you want it first thing is to get strong if you are going broke or you don't have skills or you're stressed out you're not going to be much help to anyone and so I think that everyone here is committed and dedicated to upskilling and that's a really viable and great strategy it's just to say I'm going to spend five years focusing on getting really good at something then I'll go help and just stop that stuff likewise you can't be much help if you're worrying about how to make rent next month building up your financial strength and it doesn't mean I'm going to get five years salary in the bank and then I'll help sort of thing but it does mean having your house in order so that you're not worried about money it's also about growing your networks and reputation because in this work who you know and how you work together is as important as anything else master something there is a pursuit of excellence which is just what humans like to do when you look at things which drive happiness the things people do for fun like surfing, playing guitar all that stuff there's an element of mastery in there getting better at something is really important and really useful that could be programming that could be something else but whatever it is I would suggest to understand and connect with what your craft is and figure out how you want to get better at it and pursue that with vigor take risks do stuff which scares you I mean it's easy to take small incremental steps but that will only get you so far I'm a huge fan of agile like if you're doing something risky do small steps hell yeah but also take risks take steps in a direction which scares you don't limit your actions based off your understanding of what you're capable of because every one of you is far more capable far more capable then you can imagine connect with people and make friends like a community of practice and people who you support and support you is the heart of achieving things in this world and finally I'd say like look at imagine if all these social issues weren't around what if they weren't there what if you had money in the bank what if you didn't need to work for a living what is it that you would do for the pure joy of it find that and connect with that first and foremost if you don't know what it is try a bunch of stuff till you find it do short little iterations until you say cool that's what I love but find the thing that you love and then find a way to get paid to do that and for me I feel really fortunate that programming and software development is such an enjoyable and rewarding craft like it is fun and a whole bunch of the programmers I know I'm just going to go home after work and program on something because it's fun or because there is a sheer joy in creating stuff the makers of the world are really powerful and so I'd say but if that's not you that's okay find what it is you is the most important thing I think to connect with and then once you have that thing orient it in the direction of service so it's really easy to find a skill and then to start to commercialize it and build things but I reckon it's you know definitely work on your financial strength but orientate your skills in the direction of service so that's some advice from me here's another place where I've drawn a lot of inspiration so a short video which will hopefully be good it is nonviolent it has no cluster farms no armies and no helicopters it has no central ideology a male vertebrate is not in charge this unnamed movement you can clap for that the unnamed movement is the most diverse movement the world has ever seen the very word movement I think is too small to describe it no one started its world view no one is in charge of it there is no orthodoxy it is global classless, unquenchable and tireless the shared understanding is arising spontaneously from different economic sectors cultures, regions and cohorts it is growing and spreading worldwide with no exception it has many roots but primarily the origins are indigenous culture the environment and social justice movements and the subsectors are intertwining, morphing and largely this is no longer simply about resources or infractions or injustice this is fundamentally a civil rights movement a human rights movement this is a democracy movement it is the coming world what you're seeing here is the beginning of a list of the 130,000 minimum organizations in the world who work towards social and environmental justice and that's the minimum it may be 250,000 groups it may be 500,000 groups read these names they're unfamiliar to you most of them I'm sure they are we do not know how big this movement is it's marked by kinship and community and symbiosis it is pachamama it's mama walking back, waking up what you see is your kin on that screen and to give you a sense of how big this movement is if I had started this tape on Friday morning at 9am when this conference began and if we sat here all day Friday, all night Friday all day Saturday, all night Saturday all day Sunday all night tonight and all day Monday we still would not have seen the mass of all the groups in the world it's so new we can't recognize it we're familiar with armies and governments and war and churches and religions but this is, there's no precedent for what we're doing what you're creating is completely unknown it is everywhere there is no center there's no one spokesperson it's in every country and city on earth it is within every tribe and every ethnic group in the world this is the first time on earth that a powerful non-ideological movement has arisen during the span of the 20th century big ideologies were worshiped like religion they dominated our beliefs this is to speed it up so you don't have to stay here until Monday night ideologies dominated capitalism socialism, communism in the words of Ed Hunt ideologies stock the earth cloud and armor a fought for the control of our minds and the lands and it wasn't pretty and we were told that salvation would be found in the domination of a single system this is where salvation will be found we know that as biologists we know that as community organizers we know that as ecologists it's found in diversity this movement is humanity's immune response to resist and heal political disease economic infection and ecological corruption caused by ideologies so it is up to us to decide how will we be, who will we be this is what it is we're building the capacity to respond it is about possibilities and solutions humankind knows what to do I think it's interesting that he didn't mention technology on there one in terms of when you look at the environmental and social justice movement technology is under represented and underutilized and I also think that the reason that has happened that movement can see itself is because of the technology that we have built if you were just having books and letters there would be a very different situation to what the internet has made possible and so I think that as programmers and as developers you have immensely valuable skills you have immense capability and power to effect change in the world and so my hope would be that you consider using that for things which are a bit more than just working in a bureaucracy helping shareholders earn a bit more money you know people find meaning and purpose where they do you know and so it's a very personal choice about what you work in and what you care about but this for me is where I've drawn inspiration and how I've decided to orientate myself so thought I'd share it that's sort of it for me happy for questions or who knows


Okay, we've got a nine-year-old with vision loss and right-sided optic atrophy. Let's have a look at our case. Let's scroll the images, and there is an abnormality in the visual pathway. It's obvious on the axial T2, on the axial T1, and on the axial contrast-enhanced T1. I'll scroll it a bit so you have a feel for the entity, and while I'm scrolling, you may wish to pause because I'm going to move on to the first question, and that will give away the answer. Let's go to the first question. The most likely diagnosis is A, optic pathway glioma, beam and angioma, C, hypothalamic comartoma, or D, craniopharyngeoma. Question number two. Regarding neurofibromatosis type 1, A, features autosomal dominant inheritance. B, maybe due to sporadic mutation. C, is later age of onset than NF2. D, is due to inactivation of a tumor suppressor gene or E, all of the above. Question three, optic glioma. A, occurs in a similar age group to optic nerve meningioma. B, usually high grade. C, has a better prognosis in non-NF patients. D, can be slow growing and not infrequently asymptomatic. Let's go back and look at our case. We have a large mass that involves the optic nerve. We can trace it back to the optic chiasm and even the supercellar region involving the hypothalamus. The non-contrast MRI shows a fluid-like character to the lesion, suggesting either necrosis or accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid around the optic nerve. The mass is again visible in the supercellar region and has a nugget of high signal intensity representing a focus of hemorrhage, making you think about the diagnosis of craniopharyngeoma. But as we'll see in a moment, craniopharyngeoma does not have a propensity to enter the optic canal or involve the optic nerve, and that is key. This lesion does enhance. It enhances in the back of the optic nerve, in the orbital apex, and in the region of the optic chiasm and supercellar region. Let's go back to our questions. Question number one, the most likely diagnosis is optic pathway glioma. While meningioma could have this growth pattern, it would be highly unusual for it to extend in a supercellar location like this and also involve the optic nerve.  This lesion is intrinsically involving the neuro tissue, not growing around it. The hypothalamic hamartoma is a very uncommon lesion associated with various syndromes, like the palaster hall syndrome. It's isolated to the hypothalamus. It does not enhance. It does not bleed. It's associated with behavioral disturbances, like gelastic seizures or episodes of spontaneous laughter. Craniopharyngeoma, as mentioned, may have fat. It may bleed. It can have any signal it wants to, as a matter of fact. But it doesn't grow into the optic nerve. This lesion involves the optic pathway all the way back to the optic chiasm and in the supercellar region. Craniopharyngeoma is not a viable choice. Question number two, the correct answer is all of the above, which means that neurofibromatosis type one has features of autosomal dominant inheritance. It may be due to a sporadic mutation. It has a later age of onset than NF2. It is due to inactivation of a tumor suppressor gene. Question number three, regarding optic glioma, the correct answer is it can be, and frequently is, a slow growing and oft asymptomatic lesion. That's because the histology is very low grade. At least 50% of these lesions are of polycytic character. It is true that when they're associated with neurofibromatosis, they have a better prognosis. But in non-neurofibromatosis patients, it has a worse prognosis and is more likely to enhance and involve the optic chiasm and the supercellar region as in this case. This patient did not have the other features of NF1. This is an isolated optic nerve glioma with chiasmatic and hypothalamic involvement. These do not occur in a similar age group to meningiomas. Meningiomas occur in 40 to 50 year old individuals, women more common than men. An optic nerve meningiomas are not much different. They occur in 40 to 50 year old individuals, not in children. That makes the diagnosis of optic glioma with chiasmatic and hypothalamic involvement as an isolated lesion. The correct diagnosis in this case with all the accouterments. Thanks and have a great day.


Something like a week into this trek, Wheeler realizes that he can perform an experiment. He selects a building with a high ceiling to sleep in, a library. Before turning in, he sets up a focalt pendulum. He suspends a heavy rock by wire from the ceiling, and sets it swinging. The following morning, the slow pendulum is still swinging, and it has precessed. It's swinging at about a right angle from the mark he had made before he went to sleep. That means the world is still spinning. On deflection, he doesn't know if they prove anything. It's not clear whether the sun or the moon still exist, or any celestial object other than the red-black eye socket at the horizon. The eye never moves. It casts long, threatening shadows, while being bright enough the blindwheeler whenever he has to walk in that approximate direction, which is about half the time. Regardless of the physical evidence, it doesn't feel as if he's walking on a real earth, or fully awake.


The abstract summarizes the research conducted on the use of pressure as a parameter to enable novel chemical catalytic processes and ambient temperature dehydrogenation of alkanes by palladium. The research found that this reaction followed a fundamentally different path to current commercial high-temperature low-pressure dehydrogenation processes with the palladium catalyst reversibly forming a hydride intermediate. This article was authored by Mungo Frost, Emma E. McBride, Dean Smith, and others.


Hey, everybody. It's Brian. And in this video, we're going to do something a little different. We're going to do a viewer request. I don't do these often because I get so many of them. But this one did come out of our Facebook group, which is called Void Realms. If you're on Facebook, definitely look that up. We've got 4,000 and growing developers. The question it was more of a demand was, please show the cute way of doing user input and output. Oh boy. This is going to just spawn a holy war in the comments down below. I'm going to show you maybe not the cute way of doing it, but the most convenient way that I've found working with cute and that is using QtecStream. Yes, you can 100% use the standard library. You can use CN and see output. I think QtecStream, in my humble opinion, is a way better way to go, especially when working with cute applications. So why QtecStream? The QtecStream class provides a convenient interface for reading and writing text. Okay, maybe the marketing department could jazz that up a bit. It's not to you really start working with cute that you understand the power of this class. I use it constantly. Pretty much any time I use any text input or output, I'm using QtecStream. There's a counterpart to this called Qdatastream. This is not a complete video on QtecStream or Qdatastream. We're going to do those in separate videos. We're just going to show you at a high level how to use this thing. Here's where the power really comes in. QtecStream can operate on a QIO device, a Q byte array or Q string, and we've covered Q byte array and Q string, the two powerhouses inside of Q core. But there's a third we haven't really touched on yet called the QIO device. But to continue on using QtecStream streaming operators, you can conveniently read and write words, lines and numbers. That's right. You can do that. How do I read multiple lines? How do I read a text file line by line and things like that? And for generating text, QtecStream supports formatting options, keyword formatting. So you can actually do some really cool things. It's all baked in. Rewind real quick, though. QtecStream can operate on a QIO device. What is a QIO device? It's the base interface class of all IO devices in Qt. That's right. Everything pretty much boils down to an IO device at some level.  It all pretty much boils down to an IO device. And you can see it's used by everything from sockets, serial ports, Bluetooth, buffers, code replies, file devices, files, network replies, processes and so on. I mean, just pretty much any type of device you want to work with at its core is going to use a QIO device, which is why I absolutely love working with QtecStream because it doesn't matter if it's IO from a keyboard or IO from a file system or from a socket, you can still use this. Let's dive in and take a look. Okay. First thing we need to do here is we're going to actually use QtecStream. So let's go ahead and include it. Now that it's included, we can go ahead and let's make an instance of it. So I'm going to say QtecStream and you can name this whatever you want. I'm just going to say Q in short for input. And now we have some options. We can either do a QIO device, we can just make default one, a byte array, pointer to a byte array, QStrang and a file handle. Notice that it's a pointer to a file. So what we can actually do is say we want the stdn, which is short for the standard input. And that's right, we're just going to wrap the system standard input right into a QtecStream. And we can take this pattern here. Call this Qout. And then we can wrap it right into the std or standard output, which of course is just a pointer to a file. So now you have your input and output. This is just ridiculously simple, how you can just wrap that right in. You don't have to do any weird overloading or anything like that. Okay. The first hurdle we have to cross is just simply outputting something to the screen. And this is where a lot of people get hung up and they just get really frustrated. So we're going to say Qout, which of course is our output text stream. See, we got our standard output. We're calling it Qout. And we're just going to simply say something like this, please enter your name. Now, if we simply do this and run it, what's going to happen? You're going to get very frustrated very quickly, because absolutely nothing happens on the screen. And then you're jumping into forms going, wait, why isn't this working? And I see literally thousands and thousands of questions on this. You need to do one of two things, flushing, which we'll talk about later, or end L. And yes, I did say the word flushing, if you've never heard that term before. Now there's two different end L's. There's end L, which if you're in the std or the standard library, there's the standard library way. And you notice we're getting a undeclared identifier, because we don't have the standard library included. Now, before we get too far along here, end L in the C++ reference, its behavior is equivalent to calling the OS put, and then we have the slash n, or basically we are escaping n or making a new line, or OS put OS widen slash n for a character other than the care and then OS flush. What? That's confusing. So basically, every operating system has an end of line character. It's usually slash n, but Windows does treat things, of course, differently because it's Windows. All right, so what we're going to do is we're going to say QT and L. And end L stands for end line. And if you highlight that and hit F1, here's the Qt documentation for the QTECH stream, Qt and L writes a slash n or new line to the stream and flushes the stream. There's that word flushing again, we're going to talk about that in a minute. So it does something like the stream, do a new line, and then Qt flush. Note on Windows, all the n characters are written as if they are Rn, because that's the Windows way of doing it. That's the frustrating thing about cross platform development. So if you're just a normal C++ developer, end L is evil, and I almost always use the Qt end L. Now, this function was introduced in 5.14. So this is fairly new. That being said, I absolutely love it. It makes life so much simpler than trying to figure out which operating system you're on and then sending the appropriate end L. But now, when we run this, something magical happens. It automatically knows, ta-da, something should be put out in the console. And it's because we put a new line, so you see the cursors down here and it flushed the data. Now that we know how to output something, how do we input something? And notice I have this as reading. So what we're going to do is we're going to read, and I'm going to say Q string, name. We've already said to the user, please enter your name. So now the user is expecting, hey, if I type my name, this program is going to do something with it. So we're going to take our input Qtxtream or QN, and we're going to go ahead and read. Now, if you're from C++ land, this looks very foreign, but in Qt, this is perfectly fine. So we're going to say dot, and then read. And notice all these different reads we got here. Read with a maximum length, returns a Q string, read all, that's right. If this was on a file, it would read the entire file back as a string. Read line, which will read up until the end of line or an end L. And then you have all these others. So we're just going to read line. So we're going to read this one line at a time. And if you were paying close attention, that's right, you can do a maximum length to avoid any possible buffer overflows. There are things built into Q string that would keep that from happening anyways, but point being, it's got security in mind, loose security, but security nonetheless. Now, if we go ahead and just do something like this, and we're just going to demonstrate that we actually are able to input and capture that information, save run, it works. It's that magical moment. We're going to talk about flushing. This is often, when I talk about flushing to people that are brand new to this concept, they do giggle because it is exactly what it sounds like.   That's exactly what's happening. You're pumping data into this thing, and then you're just going to flush it down to where it needs to go. So we're going to grab this and do a little cut. I love copy and paste, but we're going to cut, and we're going to say, queue out, and then how about something like this? You entered, name, and remember, if we omit the end L, it doesn't output to the screen. It's just simply sitting there. There's a reason for that. If you enter a lot of data outputting to the screen actually takes a little bit of resources and on low end systems, especially embedded systems, if you're doing a lot of data, that will have a time penalty. So if you want to just pump a lot of data out there and then flush it when you're done, that's the correct way to do it. So I'm going to say, enter your age. Now notice what's going on here. It's saying you entered name and then enter your age. If we run this, remember, nothing's going to happen until we flush it. So I'm going to say Brian, and then nothing. So let's fix that. What we're going to do is we're going to flush. Now that we've filled the toilet bowl, pardon the pun, we're going to say output dot flush. And if you remember back from talking about and L and L will actually flush that out. So it will write the slash N or the new line to the stream and then flush it or push all that stuff down to where it needs to go. In this case, the standard output. So let's say Brian, now we have another problem. You entered and then it has our name, but now we have this right here where these are jumbled up together. Let's go ahead and fix that. So what we can do here is say slash N or new line. And if you're on Windows, you could do a slash R slash N or however you wanted to do it. But remember, if you use and L, it will call flush. Now in this simple example, it's really not a big deal. We could just do and L all day long. You're not going to see a speed penalty at all. But if you're going to be writing a lot of data, I would just simply do this. And then when you're done, flush it out. Let's go ahead and put in. And if you wanted to, you could have done an end L here, but we're going to just go slash N here. Now let's run this. Now it's going to ask for our age. The major takeaway from this little segment here is there's a billion different ways to do that. And you may have to fine tune for your specific situation. But in L, we'll put a new line and flush or you can manually put in the new lines and then flush whenever you feel like it. Now that we have all the generalized theory out of the way, let's give a good working example here. So we have gotten to the point where they can enter their name and now they want to enter their age. This is the thing we want to make sure we get a valid number. So I'm going to start with a boolean. I'm going to say bull, okay. And I get this question quite a bit too is how do we get an int. So for example, we can say int age equals Q in for input. And we want to read the line. So what we're getting back here is a Q string. But of course, we want to cast this into an integer. Well, it's baked right in to the Q string, we can say to int. And then we have this pointer to a boolean. I'm just going to give it the address of our okay variable. So what it's going to do in the background is try to cast or convert that string into an integer. And it's going to tell us whether or not it succeeded.  And we trust now that this is an valid integer because Q was able to cast it for us. Otherwise, we could say else, you have been a naughty person, you don't know how to follow directions. So let's just go ahead and grab this and say you have failed if you enter a valid number. And even give some exclamation points because as programmers, we get very upset when people do that. And then let's go ahead and flush this out. We can say Q out not flush. Different ways you could do that. You could have called and L let's go ahead and run this and see if this thing works. So let's go ahead and enter my name, Brian, and your age, I'm going to say I am 46.  Man, I sound old when I say that. Let's go ahead and run this. And let's say my name is Brian. And I am this many years old. You have failed to enter a valid number. All right, major takeaway here is Q text stream makes it extremely simple to work with the standard input and output to the point it's almost just ridiculous. And I feel bad even making this video, but there's a lot of questions and concerns on how to use it. And end L is well, in normal standard library C++ I consider it evil, but in Qt they've actually kind of stream like that a little bit better. And again, that goes back to your version of C++ and so on. But under the hood, this will flush. So if you have long standing operations and you don't want the speed penalty of flushing, just manually enter your inlines and then flush as needed. And of course, you can work with data types, for example, Q string, you can convert that to an integer very, very simply. I hope you enjoyed this video, you can find the source code out on github.com. If you need additional help, myself and thousands of other developers are hanging out in the void realms Facebook group. This is a large group with lots of developers and we talk about everything technology related, not just the technology that you just watched. And if you want official training, I do develop courses out on udemy.com. This is official classroom style training. If you go out there and the course you're looking for is just simply not there, drop me a note. I'm either working on it or I will actually develop it. I will put a link down below for all three of those. And as always, help me help you smash that like and subscribe button. The more popular these videos become, the more I'll create and publish out on YouTube. Thank you for watching.


Did angels exist prior to Genesis creation? I assume so. It is fine to assume so, and it's also equally fine to assume that angels did not exist prior to creation. Here's the reason why both are fine. The Bible says that these heavenly hosts, these morning stars, that they shouted at the foundation of the earth. Now, the question is, is that to say that they were there when it happened, or because of it? It can be taken either or, but I don't have a problem if you take it as though they were there when the earth was created. But also, the question is, all throughout that time, what were they there for? What did they do before? Now, this is just not speculating because the Bible does not give a whole lot of detail and information about angels. What we do know is that one, they are ministering servants.  They serve for those who are saved, but there are those other angels who have left their abode, who fail and are now forever condemned. However, does the Bible specifically say conclusively that they were there before creation or after creation? We don't know because it lends to another question, which is, when did Satan and other demons fall? Did they fall before creation or after creation? I would probably lean towards angels were probably created before creation, but then the fall of angels, the fall of Satan and so forth happened after the six day creation account. The reason is because God looked at everything and said that it is good. It'd be kind of hard knowing the kind of God that we have that he would look at sin, especially the kind of sin that Satan is, and then still look at that, look at him, look around him, look over and above and around him and these other demonic creatures and say that it is good. Now, by the way, there is no passage to stipulate one way or the other. So you cannot dogmatically say that either one of these events happened just the way that I'm saying or just the way you say it. You can just say, like you said, I assume so and then leave it at that because neither of those things are all that pertinent to our walk. And Cephas Rock just asked a question. I should have saw, I didn't see that question, but he asked a question before I started answering it. I didn't see it, but yeah, that's how you know. Incidentally, speaking about angels, but more particularly about fallen angels, about demons, we speak so much about them. However, the Bible speaks so little about them. The Bible mentions demons, but the Bible doesn't spend a whole lot of time talking about demons. As a matter of fact, the Bible spends more time talking about godly things, things that are towards him or our own sin, but not about demons. They've always existed, but the Bible is not all that concerned about you being concerned about demons. So I would say we should be proportional in our attention towards demons, commiserate with how the Bible is, meaning this, and I don't know what percentage. Maybe we'll have to look it up one day and see how much what percentage the Bible gives to demons and the devil and the enemy. But let's just say it's 2%. Let's say it's 4%. Let's say it's 5%. Well, in that case, then give 4% or 5% of your time to thinking about them then, but give the rest of it to God, to your walk and so forth, meaning God doesn't seem to be overly concerned about you being concerned about demons. And so I think that there's this infatuation with him unnecessarily. So it's an unnatural following and desire to watch and see what the demonic world is doing. Amen. Also about demons. Here's something else that you ought to know about demons. And I don't know why we don't do this enough, especially those people who believe that we are inundated with demonic forces and so forth and that everybody has a demon. This is a demon. That's a demon. There are so many people that talk about demons, but here's the truth. Go in the Bible and look at what people with demons look like. When you look and see what people with demons look like in the Bible, everybody, non-believers and believers, Jew and Gentile, knew that the person had a demon. They brought people with demons to Jesus. How do they do so? Because they knew they had demons. In other words, they didn't act up on command. They didn't demonize or possess or oppress or what have you. They didn't demonize a person, get in their car, drive to church, pay their course. You ever notice that when a demon manifests with these people, they manifest after the tithes and offering. And I think that offering is not biblical, but still. I mean, tithes are not biblical, but still. They don't manifest until after money is given, after they talk about someone selling their books. They don't manifest. So after the preaching, they don't manifest until after the very end and then they show up. But in the Bible, when a person had a demon, that person acted like a demon all of the time. Think about Legion. All of the time, he acted this way. Think about the little boy who would throw himself in the fire, fallen over and so forth. He always acted that way. The woman who was double over, doubled over. She always acted that way. That's how demons are. Demons don't take a break. Demons don't get tired. Demons don't have an inhaler. They don't need oxygen. They don't get tired. So therefore, we act as though they do and they only act up in the appropriate setting. This is how you know that the demons that they're talking of, these are not eat. It's sad when you have to find biblical demons, right? The demons that look like they look in the Bible and the demons that you have aren't really demons. And your demons are nice. Your demons are well-managed. Your demons aren't fighting. Your demons aren't cussing. Your demons aren't going around shooting folks. I'm not advocating folks be shot, but my point is there's a world full of people out there doing all these things, but the demons that are with these Christians, they are the tamest demons. Maybe the demons that these Christians have are the kind of demons that the world needs and then maybe the world would tamp down a little bit. That's how you know their demons are fraudulent, which means their ministry of casting them out is just as fraudulent. Amen.


Hello everybody, welcome to my channel, it's Eva from Bohemian Crafting here again and today I'm gonna try those beautiful embossing folders from Sizzix. I think they are old, I found them on eBay, on bidding on eBay and I won them, I'm very happy I won them because I can't find them anymore so I think it's some old, these are some old embossing folders, here it's number of this collection, this is kind of post office collection, really beautiful so here you've got number and the name, oh it's not the name, okay the number and here here is that postcard and this decorative frame and I would like to use that postcard and this for collage paper and here you've got number of this collection and I think it's some old release. So first I need to make my collage paper I've got here, I'm saving sometimes when I do some wrong printing so I'm saving those papers exactly for collage papers so I'm gonna put some book pages, some old offcuts, some scraps on the top and I will create my collage paper so I have created some kind of collage paper on that old wrong print, I just glued you know scraps on it and now I'm gonna put it on pieces so this one, that postcard is this and that letter envelope is this one and I'm gonna give it try how it will looks like I'm wondering so I think both are same, yes both those file folders, embossing folders are same, five and three quarter by four and a half so I'm gonna put five and three quarter and four and a half, okay that's this one and this is somehow too short, two small, five and three quarter, four and a half, okay I've got two small pieces, maybe I can do small postcards, I will see what I'm gonna do with those so here I've got these, maybe I should use five, I will see first I think I'm gonna put corners, all four corners and I'm gonna sewn all that card around so I have sewn all around also these small pieces and I'm going to use embossing folders for all of them for these large ones I'm gonna use these embossing folders I guess, yeah this way, somehow like this maybe I will have to put it a little bit less than around that embossed effect and then on those small pieces I'm gonna use this small here that air mail where I will place here those clocks so I guess I'm gonna match that postmark with those clocks yeah I think that will be interesting to see and on this well we have a postmark here and here is something a return address that's interesting I'm gonna place the return address here and I'm gonna emboss all of them and then I will try to decorate them so I've got my pieces I had to put it around the embossed effect because it has not nice edge and had to sew it again but hopefully you can see that embossed effect on that I'm gonna distress it with black ink I think it will be good just very slightly very lightly distressing nothing too much nothing too much hot right and also the postcard saying all of them include those I will try to distress the return address and look I really like that this one is good so I'm gonna distress it with black ink so I have distressed all form of my cards I did use first the black ink and then I went with all part of walnut stain and this one it's my dry pub nearly dry one it's not juicy anymore it makes nice shades but you have to you have to go over it many times I think that collage paper used for postcard always makes something interesting behind the main point of your card and that embossed effect it's so gorgeous I like embossing folders they are pretty awesome and I do love those cards Jacob made for me I will put down link down below if you would like to have a look I'm not sure if I said that in that fast video but Jacob made for me two sheets we've been talking about spelling I think I didn't said that not sure so he made for me two sheets with kind of adventure adventure labels and they are amazing so if you would like to have a look link will be down below and these are my postcards I hope you did enjoy it have a wonderful day take care about yourself and see you soon bye


Hi, welcome to Think Tech. We are raising public awareness about technology, energy, diversity, and globalism. This show is center stage. I'm your host, Donna Blanchard, proud managing director of Kumakuhua Theater. And we are coming to you live from Pioneer Plaza in the heart of downtown Honolulu, very near Kumakuhua Theater. We're doing something a little bit different, a little special today. Normally, I like to bring in artists and people involved in the arts to talk about the process behind that art. Today, and I wanted to do this partially because today is the 75th anniversary of the bombing of Pearl Harbor. There's a lot going on in the world. We've got the holiday season upon us. We've just come out of a very different, difficult election. It was different, too. And I think it's a good time to talk about the power of art itself in our lives. And I brought in to wonderful guests, I can't imagine two better people to talk about this. It is Eden Lee Murray, who is a professor of theater at HPU, Hawaii Pacific University, and her husband, Roger Jelanek, who is the executive director of the Hawaii Book and Music Festival. Welcome to center stage. Thank you so much. I've had you both on here individually to talk about your art. I was just saying earlier, I've never seen the two of you in the same room before. You are so devastatingly busy. It's nice to see you two together. And I thank you for coming in to have this conversation. I think it's a nice time of year to talk about not only the happy stories that go along with art, but to help us all remember it really is important to take that time to step back and reflect and relax a little bit and play. It's part of our health. Right? Thank you for having us. Thank you so much. Absolutely. So when I suggested to Eden Lee the other day, maybe we could just talk about some stories about the power of art in our lives. She said, oh, really? Well, I don't like she had just a plethora of stories ready to go, which got me very excited. I'm anxious to hear. So we can start with the very youngest in our audiences. While I was at the Hawaii Theater Center, as of no longer since August, but it was my my decision to try and reach out to the youngest demographic, the preschoolers. And how can we make arts relevant to them?  I forget what the show was, but there were a bunch of teachers waiting with their babies outside the Hawaii Theater.    And she goes, they need this in their lives more than anything else I can tell you. And I said, I'll take your word for it. And then I put my hand in the hand of the little three year old that I was leading his line into the theater. We walked into the auditorium and as soon as he got into that vast for a three year old space, he stopped in his tracks and he looked all around his eyes as big as saucers and he went, this is so beautiful. This is three years old. He didn't say cool, he didn't say neat, he didn't say sharp, he said beautiful. So kids at that level, it's not too young to reach out to them to begin making them aware of the beauty in their lives so that we can offer them as one story. That's a beautiful story. That's nice to know that a child that age, and isn't it amazing that a child that age would just stop in their tracks and recognize that. I had something similar happen with, I was singing in a wedding and luckily for me I was in a Ukrainian cathedral in Chicago, a big beautiful with the three archways cathedral and the acoustics of a building like that do amazing things for anyone's voice and there were very little kids who were born out of their gourds and as soon as I started singing they just stopped. And I'm not saying that my voice is all that amazing but the acoustics in such a beautiful place just, they recognized it, it resonated with them somehow, the beauty of that. And what Roger does with Book and Music Festival, you get all this amazing feedback from all ages from the community who come to celebrate. It's interesting, we do an onsite survey and about 10% of the 10 days fill it out and easily the most prevalent comment is we bring our kids here to expose them to books and music and performance because we do a lot of performance out there and that's obviously very valuable to them. Oh yeah, because it's a lot for families to, excuse me, pack everyone up in the car and bring them out and you know get everything together. It's clearly, excuse me, really important to them. Well and over the 12 years that you've done this festival what's come through increasingly over the years is that people look forward to it as a family experience to share that together. It's not just, oh let's let the kids go off to the festival. It's grandparents, tutus, tutukanis and all the way down to the stroller set, you know. It's a safe, beautiful place so it works very well. I'm sorry, can we take a break for a moment? I'm sorry. Aloha, we invite you to join us on our Keys to Success show which is live on the ThinkTech live streaming network series weekly on Thursdays at 11 a.m. My name is Danilia, D-A-N-E-L-I-A. We are so happy to be here. I'm Jay Fidel, this is Research in Minoa. We care so much about this show. It's put on by HIGP, the Lions Institute of Geophysics and Planetology and Pete McKinnon-Smark is here to tell us about it. What do you think about this show Pete? Oh I think it's great Jay. Basically, we know that the UH Minoa does a variety of research endeavours and Research in Minoa, the program, actually gives us a way of communicating to the general public some of the exciting things that HIGP is involved in. Myself, I cover some of the space activities whether it's the moon and Mars or the outer solar system, but my colleagues from the institute also come and talk about undersea exploration, looking at earthquakes or trying to use GPS in creative manners. So this particular program is excellent because it provides us with an easy way to talk to the community. It's also because it is placed on YouTube. It's also a good resource for the future. So we're even thinking about using it for some of our student classes as well as just showing some of the people who are involved in the research on the mainland, the kinds of activities which Hawaii is conducting. Wish I'd said that. That's Pete McGinnis-Mar from HIGP. I'm Jay Fiedel. Come around for research in Minoa at Monday at one o'clock every single week. You'll see. Come back soon. Bye, Pete. Looking to energize your Friday afternoon? Tune in to Stand the Energy Man at 12 noon. Aloha Friday here on Big Tech Hawaii. Aloha! This is Rez McJackal, University of Hawaii football team under Rolovitch is going to kick butt this season. In case you didn't understand me, University of Hawaii football team is going to kick butt under Rolovitch this season. So be sure to follow us on Think Tech Hawaii and Iwachi Top. I'll be at every game. And remember, aloha! You're watching Think Tech Hawaii, 25 talk shows by 25 dedicated hosts every week, helping us to explore and understand the issues and events in and affecting our state. Great content for Hawaii from Think Tech. What do we talk? OK, we're back and I apologize for my cough. I'm just getting over that cold that is going around the island, but hopefully we'll be better now. So let's pick up where we left off. The Book and Music Festival and the family is coming in for that. Well, we are almost a third of our programming is for kids. So and most of that is about performance, whether it's reading aloud or whether it's singing, dancing and various venues. And they obviously have a terrific time there, but they're just excited to be there with performance. Yeah, do you find that you see the same families come back year after year? Well, this is interesting because we're always asked how many people attend, which is impossible because it's free admission and you can go in from anywhere. And we're beginning to find that people stay longer each year. Some even come both days. So how do you count them? So to answer your question, it's really impossible to tell. But you know that you see the same families. I mean, in the survey they are asked, are you likely to come back again? And 95% say yes, yes, we're very likely. Well, if that was true, then we would literally see them every year. Yeah. And I have no idea. Well, Edenley, you've seen the same kids year after year in your class. I've watched them grow up. And what's really been fun, I was going to just share one thing with Roger, which is to say the lovely thing about an experience like that, as well as a live theater experience inside a venue, is that people take away something that they've seen and they talk amongst themselves. The families actually communicate as they go home. I love it when something happens. For example, with one of my children's productions, if it shouldn't happen, the kids, it's become a sort of a catch point. We say, you know what they're going to say on the way home? The grandparents, shut up, Ethel, it's art. We'll talk about it on the way home and figure it out, right? The kids that I have this year in my Hawaii theater, well, no, it's now the HPU Young Actors Ensemble, the high school kids, all but one have trained with me from the junior ensemble through the intermediate ensemble through now the high school ensemble. And it is just so exciting for me, both as an artist and as an educator, to watch how these kids have grown and how they not only are becoming terrific young professionals, but they also, when there is, for example, I said the one who's come in fresh from having not trained with me before, the others made it their business to whirlpool her in so that she didn't have sort of, oh, I'm over here and I'm on an island. And that's part of what art can do. It's all, I mean, that's one of the things I love about theater. It's so all embracing. If you carry your weight, there is no door that won't open for you. I'm sure you found that out, you know. Oh, yeah. Oh, yeah. And I feel like the arts, or I definitely, theater involves all of the important disciplines that you have to learn to be a valuable member of our society and a good person, right? And I would, and reading, reading is the root of all of it. And you also have, is it Jelenech Murray or Murray, Jelenech Murray. Jelenech Murray. Jelenech Murray. Literary agency. Reading is where it all began for me, certainly. You can't audition for a show if you can't read the script and understand what these words mean emotionally to the person speaking them. But something extra happens when you get people who are really good at reading out loud, particularly their actors or just expert readers. It just transforms experience for the kids, you know? So there's always this dynamic that it's a book festival as a kind of a paradox, because reading is actually a very private experience for the most part. People who are readers also like to hear the real voices of the authors or the voices of the readers being read. It just amplifies the experience. Also, the parallels between literature and theater are not that, I mean, they're kind of astonishing, which is to say, and this is something that both young writers and young actors have to learn, which is you can write what you feel, you can act what you feel, but ultimately your job is to take care of the person who's either reading or watching. You are, I won't say strictly an entertainer, but it is your responsibility to carry that story forward. And the sooner actors learn that, the sooner we dispel with the drama queen behavior. It's not about, it's about the audience. It always surprises many of my literary clients when we get into a manuscript. And I try to explain to them that their business is to make every phrase, every sentence, every paragraph, sell, that they are manipulated. It's a highly manipulative form, right? That's not to say it doesn't involve truth, but you have to deliver. You have to deliver, you have to shape it. You have to be aware of the reader. You have to make them stay with you otherwise. There are so many distractions available now. People just go away. And that's a very hard lesson for most writers to... I bet, it's also real. If they look at it the way I try to get them to look at it, it's a very comforting thing for young performers of any age, which is to say, when an audience person comes through the door of a theater, I don't care how old they are chronologically, they are five years old, and they come through with, tell me a story. I want you to have the authority. I want you to take me by my lapel, sit me down, and say, listen to the story, I have to tell you. There's no room for stage fright. There's no room for, oh God, I'm one of my hands doing it. And as soon as actors realize that and they understand the power that they have, if they step up and accept it, the audience will love them. And that is again, it's a real, it's a wonderful life lesson for performers. Oh yeah. Well now I would imagine as a performer and a director, myself, I understand we are delivering a story to the audience, but I benefit so much myself. There is a great deal of benefit to the artist. And if I may be just a little revealing here, I work with a therapist who has had me write some poems, not for anyone else to read, just for me to express myself. And I'm amazed what comes out when you give yourself license. And I've heard this mostly from a one poet when I interviewed Jamie Gussman, an amazing poet here on the island, but also write songwriters, talk about this emotive experience to just write and get it out. And you don't know that maybe you're never gonna want anybody to read some of this, but it's a way of sort of cleansing the soul. And I think it's important that we think about our audiences and recognize what it does for us. Jamie does the book festival social media messaging. I have to look to see if they're poetry. Oh, she's amazing. And you know what? Now she has her baby's close to a year old. And I asked her if it's changed her poetry because some of her poetry, it's beautiful, but it was dark. And I asked her if it's changed at all, she's now gone back to edit some things that she hadn't finished before the baby. And it's brighter. Wow. Her work is brighter. And I think it gives me goosebumps to think about that, that having that child in her life has changed the art that is coming from her. And I'm sure it's still amazing work, but it's just a brighter side of her. I think what you're talking about in terms of the first draft, the free write that just put it out there, right? In literature, that's your first draft. And it's your job as a writer to really get to the truth, to get to your truth, to get to and to get it out. Same as for an actor, your first rehearsals, your first rehearsal process is to find the emotional truth of those characters. But then you have to flip it.  Yes. But I was just telling my HPU kids this fall because they were saying, well, we have to do rehearsal. I mean, we have to feel this stuff. And I'm saying yes, it's your job as you work to explore your personhood and the personhood of the character. You should do free writes for your character, right? And get all of that out. But ultimately, it's not your job to feel up on that stage. It's your job to make your audience feel. And to find out through rehearsals what's gonna get there. Yes, that discovery period is amazing. And I love it that you have so many authors read their own work at the Book and Music Festival because if I had an opportunity to hear Ken Follett read his work, I mean, I love his novels but to hear him or John Irving what they would bring to it, it would be so fascinating. It's always true. Sometimes it's disastrous. Oh. It was wonderful. Are you thinking of Gardner? Gardner McKay did the stories on the wind and he would read them for HPR and because his writing was so layered and so nuanced and he knew what the meaning behind every phrase was, you got exactly what was intended. And after they brought someone else in when Gardner passed, the words were just as beautiful. The phrases were just as beautiful but the person reading is beautiful and the letterless as his voice was didn't understand all of the layers that Gardner as the writer had intended. Yeah. It's a different piece of work, you know? Yeah, that's a lot of a big body of work to carry across with every word. Oh, okay, we're gonna take a quick break, a second quick break. Thank you very much for sticking with me through my little coughing spasm. We will be right back with center stage on the Think Tech Hawaii digital network. Hi, I'm Chris Letham with Think Tech Hawaii and I'd like to ask you to come watch my show, The Economy and You, each Wednesday at 3 p.m. Aloha, Kako. I'm Marsha Joyner and I'm inviting you to navigate the journey. We are discussing the end of life options and we would really love to have you every Wednesday morning at 11 a.m., right here. Aloha, I am Reg Baker and I am the host of Business in Hawaii with Reg Baker. We broadcast live every Thursday from 2 to 2.30 in the Think Tech studios in downtown Honolulu. We highlight successful stories about businesses and individuals and learn their secrets to success. I hope you can join us on our next show on Thursday at 2 o'clock. Until then, Aloha. Hi, we're back and we're live. This is center stage on the Think Tech Hawaii digital network and I want to tell you a few things about the show. If you would ever like to join us in our studio audience here in Pioneer Plaza in the heart of downtown Honolulu, you may do that. Just email Jay at thinktechhawaii.com, that's J-A-Y. And if you would ever like to join in the conversation, you may do so. You can tweet us at Think Tech H-I and if you have any suggestions for people you would really love to see on the show, please send me a message on Twitter. I'm at, it's all about Donna. On Twitter it is all about Donna. Not on the stage. The stage, it's not all about Donna. We're talking with Roger Jellinick and Eden Lee Murray and Eden Lee do you have some more stories? I see your notepad over there you've been glancing at. I'm just checking though, the one in terms of the impact at performance and performance arts. Two things, first of all the teachers that when I was working with Alliance for Drama Education we would go into classrooms across the island for all ages, right? Just the group that George Kahn runs bases out of Farrington High School and what the teachers would say over and over again is how disenfranchised the children were becoming. They're on their laptops, they're on their little phones again and I'm looking at that and I'm listening to that and the administrators were saying it as well and I'm going, yeah, well why are you taking away one of the principal things that gets kids out of themselves and into community and that's theater. You can't do theater by yourself. You need the people to build the sets. You need the people to write the plays. You need the people to rehearse. You need the people to play. You need the directors. And all of that, the thing that's so exciting for kids, because I love watching the effect that theater has on kids, there's such a thrill and a release of responsibility to be able to play their part in something that is so much bigger than themselves that wouldn't happen if they weren't all part of it. And when I was working with Farrington I remember George was telling me, because there's a significant or there has been over time gang problems. We were talking always, we would smile about the parallels between kids who want to belong to something that gives them identity and lets them take risks and that's a gang, right? That's also theater. You belong to something that's greater than yourself.  You have to take a risk. People are counting on you and you have to come through when the chips are down. And they can do it safely in theater. That's community. Yeah, at the festival on the stage at Italy's MCO, we have groups from, there are about a half a dozen public schools on Oahu that are centers for performing arts, that specialize in performing arts. And we always invite them to bring a show, a half hour show to the festival. So half of them, one of them, about two days is actually dedicated to Farrington. And they are hugely excited to come and they get great audience. They bring their audience as well. Oh yeah, exactly. But they just take great pleasure in sharing who they are and at events like that with a lot of people that they've never seen before. Yeah, I remember the feeling being very young in a church pageant was my first time on stage and recognizing that this is bigger than me. I'm here for them too, you know? And it's transformative. You have, I don't know if you're aware of the story, my guest last week was one of your students who is now working with you, Brienne. Brienne? Oh yeah, yeah, yeah. She has decided to go into teaching. She's thinking very seriously about going into teaching because she's had such a wonderful time working with the students and she recognized that she has that within herself. That's what art has done that for her. I watched her grow up since she was, she was in my first junior ensemble and she was so shy that her eyes were just on the floor the whole time. And her little sister, who is also a spitfire, watched her when we did the demo class for the parents and the little sister was just saying there was two years too young to be apart but she insisted on coming in the next year. And the two of them have grown up together and Brienne, but I loved about Brienne and this has happened with several of my kids. As they move along in the program, I ask that they move into the assistant directorship of the two junior ensembles so that they can, by teaching themselves, learn how far they've come. And so she next year, I would imagine, she's gonna graduate this year and if she's still on Island, I will ask her to be the AD, the assistant director for the high school group, which my Malia Wessel and Frank Coffey along the way, the first year they're out of the group, they have kind of separation anxiety so I'd love to bring them back in. And again, they get to see what they've learned when they turn around and try to teach it and Brienne is a very good teacher. She's very empathetic, oops, I hit my mic. She's very empathetic, she's very gentle and she really looks, I mean, she really sees well. Well, then you see differently when you know you're going to be teaching. That's very true, yeah. Roger, have you seen, we just have a couple minutes left, have you seen, have you been surprised by sales of any of the books that you sell? Has there been something that you didn't think really was going to reach an audience, but surprisingly did? Oh, here and here in Hawaii, well, not. Anywhere. Anywhere? Am I surprised? No, it's my job as a literary agent not to be surprised. Oh, to always say, oh, okay, okay. I just wondered if there was something that you didn't expect to have the, well, I bet J.K. Rowling didn't expect your books to. I think one that bridges both things about this phenomenon of Hamilton is extraordinary. We're trying to institute what they call a big read for Hawaii. And one of the candidates that I wanted to bring in was Ron Chernow, who wrote the original book for Hamilton that the musical was based on. That's, he's on the New York Times bestseller list now, years and years after he wrote the book, probably because of the success of the play. I'm sure, oh yeah. But that's a surprising subject, both on stage and as a book to be such a success. Right, that it just has resonated with everyone. So much. Thank you both very much for being here and sharing your stories. I appreciate it. I think that it's easy when we, I do this. I manage a theater for goodness sake and sometimes I don't get out to see shows. I don't take the time that I know that I need to appreciate art and I hope, I'm sure you've helped us remind everybody that it really is, it's like taking a daily vitamin to be involved in art and literature somehow in your life. Where do you see it or you do it? Right, right, seeing it, reading it, just absorbing it is as important as doing it. If you have doing it in your soul, then you gotta do it. You gotta find a way to do it, whether it's writing or acting or singing or. So thank you for being here. Thank you very much for being here and thanks again for getting through my little coughing fit with me. There's a few people in the studio I would like to thank. Rich Prentice, our floor manager who's right over there, thanks, Rich. Zuri Bender, our studio overlord who is in my ear. Jay Fidel, who somehow manages to put this all together. And back at the Kumu Office, Wilka Haley, who brought me this during one of the breaks. Thank you, Wil.