Hey, what is going on guys? Rourden out here come back at you with some more batch tutorials now in this video We're gonna be taking a look at notepad which is kind of really weird to say But we do if we're gonna be trying to create our own batch scripts and our own programs that we can run inside the window Shell we need to have a pretty decent text editor now in the last video. I use notepad because it's real simple It's always installed in most Windows systems And it's just kind of there. I was able to use it and made things really easy But if you were looking at this from a programmer and like a designer developer standpoint You can easily tell that notepad just kind of sucks There's no color or syntax highlighting. There aren't any line numbers It saves everything in plain text format. That's awesome. It's what we need But it doesn't really have any of the nice auto completion for us It doesn't have a smart indenting and that sort of thing So we need we need to be able to get ourselves a new text editor And in this case, I want to show you guys what I'm gonna be using throughout this whole series and and I can This is notepad plus plus So I'm to get Firefox started, which is my web browser You guys can obviously be using whatever you'd like. Maybe it'd be Google Chrome. Maybe Internet Explorer But when you're at Google Whether you're at the Firefox home page or whether you're using your toolbar It doesn't matter as long as you're gonna be using your search engine You can go ahead and type in let's say Notepad plus plus and that'll take you right to that home page Now what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna hit the download thing right here The web page may have changed by the time you actually watch this series and get to do your thing But hey for my case really it's just simple enough to look for the download button download page And it'll take you to what we need now If we select the notepad 6.1.2 installer, which looks to be the Latest version in fact it says right here. It's the current version now This is the install it's gonna keep things really easy for us. We don't need any zip files or anything in the archives We don't need the source code. We just want the program. So I'm gonna go ahead and save this and that we can click on this and run it and Just follow all the steps like you normally would when you're installing any program Go ahead and click through it and greet everything and saw it where you need to Saw it where you need to you can decide whether or not you want to keep these environment variables used And now that you guys know about these environment variables You might have a little bit more Understanding and be able to make a little bit more sense out of what they're saying here You can create a shortcut you can use that sort of thing and you can do whatever you'd like obviously Go ahead and install it and then run it when you need to and boom now you've got a They've got a nice new text editor that shows line numbers and a whole lot of other fancy things You can have multiple files open. You can see the line and everything you can see the character encoding Whether you're on insert or overwrite mode how many lines you have and this is overall just a whole whole better A very much better anyway a new a better text editor for you guys And that's what I'm gonna be using to write all these batch scripts and code for this series And I hope you guys do the same if all around Linux or running a different operating system I would recommend some other things like blue fish, which I actually do have installed but I Don't really think you guys are up for that because that might be a little bit more of a different and more complex install process but hey All you guys really have to worry about is notepad plus plus plus notepad plus plus plus plus and yeah We I've already got a shortcut and everything created for that so we can go ahead and create some scripts with this real soon And I hope to see you guys in the next tutorial. Goodbye


Proudly we hail. From New York City where the American stage begins, here is another program with a cast of outstanding players. Public service time has been made available by this station for your Army and your Air Force to bring you this story. As proudly we hail, the United States Military Academy at West Point. Our story is entitled, Hundredth Night. The story of an important milestone in cadet life at West Point. Our first act curtain will rise in just a moment, but first, we all share freedom, help share its defense. The motto is new, but the call it sounds is as old as the history of our country. Today as we stand strong and alert against communism, the United States Army is calling for qualified young men and women to join the freedom team and become Army technical specialists. You will be trained in the latest techniques using the finest equipment and you'll be building a rewarding career for yourself. For full information, visit your nearest United States Army and United States Air Force Recruiting Station. The time is now. And now your Army and your Air Force present the proudly we hail production, Hundredth Night. A hundred nights till June. To every cadet at West Point there's a certain magic in that phrase. To the lowest plea that means a hundred nights until recognition, until he becomes an upper classman. To the yearling who a year ago was himself a plebe, it means a hundred nights until summer leaves, the only really long vacation he gets in his four years at the point. To the first classman it means most of all. For him it is a hundred nights until June. Graduation, a successful completion of a hard job in the beginning of a promising career. But to the second classman, West Point's junior class, Hundredth Night weekend is probably the least important. June only means the beginning of the last year at the Academy. There's a tough summer of training in front of them and a long academic year to follow. To the second classman, Hundredth Night is just another milestone. Nothing much to celebrate. To every second classman that is, but one. I'm Robert Marlowe, a cadet corporal and a second classman, company A2, United States Corps of Cadets. I want to tell you why Hundredth Night weekend turned out to be the most important in my life. I come from a small town about 60 miles from Los Angeles. For nearly three years now I've been here at the point, 3,000 miles from home. When I wrote that letter to Diane, asking her to come east for Hundredth Night, I never expected her to say yes. She'd never come east to visit me before, even though we've considered ourselves engaged since we were in high school. And then the letter came. Darling Bob, of course I'll come. Surprised? Soon before your letter came, Daddy and I were talking about you. Your ears should have been burning. Anyhow I won't spoil it by saying another word until I see you. Bob doesn't that sound wonderful until I see you. I've already got my plane reservation and I'll meet you Saturday afternoon until then, darling, all my love, Diane. Yes, you call it Hundredth Night weekend. What a funny name. From the morning her letter arrived, I doubt if I touched ground once. I never knew a week to pass so slowly. But finally it was Saturday. Mess was over and I was on my way to Grant Hall where I knew Diane would be waiting. Excuse me. Yes, ma'am? I'm looking for Bob Marlow. That is Cadet Robert Marlow. Do you know what company he's in? Does A2 make any sense? Yes, ma'am. I'll put a call in for him. Oh, would you? I was supposed to meet him here and I don't see a... Bob! Never mind, he's here. Yes, ma'am. Diane! Diane!  Oh, boy. A million bucks. Oh, beautiful. Now, wait a minute. That's my line. Oh, but this is the first time I've ever seen you in uniform. Oh, I nearly forgot. Diane, I want you to meet Joe Kudner. He's my roommate. Oh, it's nice to meet you, Joe. Well, now I can understand it. Understand what? Why, Bob keeps murmuring Diane in his sleep every night. Do you, Bob? Well, if Joe says so. Well, I've been to third party in this party long enough, so I'll see you back in a room, Bob. Oh, don't feel you have to run off, Joe. Well, I got a drag waiting for me around here someplace myself. Drag? Oh, you mean your date. Yeah, I'll see you later, Diane. At the hop. I hope so, Joe. I know so. Your hop card's on Bob's desk, and I've filled in my name for five dances. I'll see you later. He's very nice. Oh, yeah, the best. Darling, would they find you or arrest you or something if I kissed you? Well, let's find out. Is that the best you can do? Well, in the middle of Grand Hall it is. Uh, just you wait. Now, what about our tour? What do you want to see first? Uh, Column Hall, battle monument, flirtation walk.  I want to talk to you. Can we talk here? Why not? Here's some comfortable chairs. Come on. All right. You are beautiful. Don't look at me that way, Bob. I can't think straight. Well, who wants to think straight? I do. I want to tell you this in just the right way. Oh, hey, you know, that sounds like the start of a Dear John letter. All right. If your ego needs bolstering, I haven't looked at another boy since high school and I love you to pieces. How's that? That's more like it. You know what I ought to do right now? Now, Bob, behave. I still want... I want to speak my piece. Okay. I'll listen. Now, what's so important and exciting? It's about us, Bob. Well, I didn't think it would be about a couple of strangers. Well, that's what I'm afraid of, that it might get to be about a couple of strangers. You don't get a summer leave this time, do you? Well, not until a year from June when I get my commission. Then I won't see you again for over a year. Well, I'll get home Christmas for a few days. That's dandy. Merry Christmas. Come on, Diane, we had an understanding about this when I first got my appointment. We knew it wasn't going to be easy for either of us, but you agreed to wait. I was 17 then, Bob. When you're 17, you think you've got all the time in the world. It was only three years ago. Only? Do you know how many times we've seen each other since then? You came home for a few days at Christmas in 1951. There was summer leave last year. And another few days last Christmas, only you had the flu and couldn't come home. That's all, Bob. You might as well have been on another planet. I'll admit it's been tough, but it's almost over now. Is it? This is the big weekend up here, 100th night. I asked you in my letter if it meant something. What means there are just a hundred nights until June? Not for us. It's a hundred nights plus a whole year until June for us. You'll go quickly, Diane. First-class year always does. For you, maybe. Not for me. I can't wait another year, Bob. Oh? I'm sorry, Bob. I didn't mean to come out this way. I'm telling it all wrong. How do you tell it right? Now, stop looking so hurt. It really is good news, darling. We don't have to wait another year at all. What do you mean? We don't have to wait, Bob. We can get married right away. What? It's what you want, isn't it? Honey, it's what I want more than anything in the world. You know that, but there are three things a cadet can't have. A dog, a mustache, and a wife. We just have to wait. It's what I'm trying to tell you, darling. Bob, I want you to resign. Resign? No, wait. Don't say anything yet. This isn't some silly notion of mine. It's something I've been thinking about for a long time. I knew you'd never do it unless there was some very good reason. But now there is. What reason could there be? Remember what I wrote in the letter about the long talk I had with Dad? His plans going back into full production, government work. They're going to build literally thousands of new jet planes. What's that got to do with me? Everything. He expects to be busier than ever now. He needs an assistant. A young, intelligent, capable man. Now wait a minute, Diane. I can't throw away all the work I've done just like that. But you can throw me away just like that. No, no, I'm not throwing you away. I couldn't. You are, Bob. This is a chance that comes just once. That's all. You miss it and it's gone. I'll have a job when I get out. Will you have a girl, too? Now you don't mean that. Diane, do we have to thrash this out right now? We don't want to spoil our fun tonight. Bob, listen to me. I didn't fly 3,000 miles for the hundredth night hop. This is more important than any dance. You've got to make a decision and... Well, I... I suppose it comes down to just how much you want me. So that was the beginning of the weekend I've been looking forward to for so long. I still can't remember exactly what I said to Diane after that. All I knew was that I felt as though some sort of weight was constricting my chest. I do remember going back to Barracks to change into full dress. Diane and I were going to dinner at the Thayer Hotel, and I'd promised to give her my answer then. Joe was there crawling a plebe from down the hall. Mr. Pearson, you're the grossest plebe in this section. You know that, don't you? Yes, sir. Seven months at the academy, and you still don't know how to take a brace. Yes, sir. The chin, Mr. The Chin. Pull it in. Until you can spit on your heels. That's better. Who does a plebe rank, Mr. Sir, a plebe ranks the superintendent's dog, the commandant's cat, and all the waiters in the mess hall. All right then, so you're not the lowest form of animal life after all, and stand up like you were proud of yourself. That clear? Yes. Hi, Joe. Hi. Hey, Bob, I was just telling my drag about Diane. She is certainly a smooth-looking girl. Oh, thanks. What time is it, Mr. Sir, I am deeply embarrassed and greatly humiliated that due to unforeseen circumstances over which I have no control, the inner workings and hidden mechanisms of micronometer in such interchord with a great sidereal movement by which time is reckoned that I cannot, with any degree of accuracy, state the exact time, sir. But without fear of being very far off, I will state that it is 25 minutes, 15 seconds, and four ticks after the 18th hour, sir. Very good, Mr. That's what I got, Bob. 625. What time you pick up Diane at the fair? Seven. The man about to drag is one and only to the big event of the season. You don't look very happy. Knock it off. All right, Mr. Pearson, dismissed. Yes, sir. None of my business, but what happened? Right? No. Joe, how many copies is it you submit for a letter of resignation? Six copies to be submitted to the company tactical officer to be forwarded through channels to the commandant of cadets. Hey, did you say resignation? Well, I thought it was seven copies. Maybe I didn't hear you right. You did say resignation, didn't you?  Lots of times in the past three years, I felt pretty low. Homesick, maybe, or just plain disgusted. And all the time, all I needed to chuck the whole mess was to write a letter with six copies. What got into you? Well, didn't you ever feel like resigning? Who doesn't? Once in my plea beer, I actually wrote the letter. But even when I was writing it, I knew I wasn't going to send it in. Joe, where do you expect to be in 20 years? Me? I don't know. Pulling down a snappy 12 grand a year? It's eating money. I can get that much right now. This year. How? Inherit it? Earning it? Doing a job that needs to be done? That's what we're supposed to be training for here, to do a job that needs to be done. Now, there's more than one way to do a job. No kidding. Now, where's all my paper? Are you really going to write that letter? Listen, have you got any paper I can borrow? I'll pay you back. Yeah. Here. And you don't have to pay it back. You are listening to the proudly-behaved production Hundredth Night. We'll return in just a moment for the second act. Today, you young men of America have an excellent opportunity to learn a trade that will assure your future. The many fine technical schools of the United States Army are training men in such interesting fields as radio, radar, meteorology, mechanics, electronics, and many others. You can become a qualified technician trained to do an important job and do it right. For full details about an exciting career, visit your nearest United States Army and United States Air Force Recruiting Station. There's no obligation, so plan ahead. Face your tomorrow today. You are listening to Proudly We Hail, and now we present the second act of Hundredth Night. I wrote my official letter of resignation and, with that numb feeling, you sometimes have when you dream of walking. I gathered together all six very official copies and deposited them on the desk of Captain Gaynor, our company tactical officer. After that, I walked down to the fair for my dinner with Diane. I don't imagine I made very much sense at the table. You're hardly touching your dinner, Bob. What's the matter? Oh, nothing's the matter, honey. The dinner's fine. Bob, there's a cadet wearing a red sash and some kind of white belt across his chest. Hey, he's coming across the dining room toward you. Do you know him? Let me see. Oh, yeah, that's the Sergeant of the Guard. What does he want with me? Marlowe, are we... I'm sorry to break in on you. Captain Gaynor wants to see you at once in his office. Captain Gaynor, who's he? My company tactical officer. I'm afraid I'll have to go right over. Oh, that's all right, darling. I'll wait for you here. I don't mind at all. Come in. Reporting is ordered, sir. At ease, Mr. Marlowe. Have a seat. Thank you, sir. It's all right to break in on your date. I'll try not to keep you long. That's all right, sir. You can guess why I sent for you. About my letter, sir? Your letter of resignation from the Corps of Cadets. Is it in order, sir? Yes. Very well presented. Mr. Marlowe, how long have you been thinking of resigning? Well, sir, I... About three hours, sir. I see. Mr. Marlowe, you present a very good argument here for the acceptance of the resignation. You state that you wish to resign to take an important post in an industry vital to our national defense. Yes, sir. I don't see any mention here of the girl. Sir? Come now, Marlowe. Until a few hours ago, you were one of the most proficient cadets in this company. Your girl arrived from California and suddenly you submit a letter of resignation. You're trying to tell me there's no connection between these facts? Well, no, sir. There is a connection. I'm in love with her, sir. You didn't marry her secretly, did you? No, sir. Marlowe, I haven't any right to talk to you like a Dutch uncle, but I'm going to anyway. I hate to see this happen to you. You were slated to be company commander next year, you know. Doesn't mean much, does it? Not now, sir. You stand high in your class. I know all that, Captain. I know what I'm giving up. I've thought it over pretty carefully. For three whole hours? Yes, sir. I'd like to meet this girl of yours, Marlowe. She must be a remarkable person. I'd be happy to introduce you, sir, anytime. You shouldn't have said that, should I? Very well, Mr. Marlowe. I'll initial the papers and forward them through channels. That'll be all. Yes, sir. I left the office and went back to the fair to pick up Diane. We started out together from the hotel for the long walk back to the gym for the hop. It was a cold night and I thought I could feel Diane's shiver inside her fur-evening wrap. But she insisted on the walk. I was boiling inside with a kind of unreasonable anger and I thought I'd never feel cold again. As we approached the gym, our footsteps slowed, almost as if by mutual consent. Are you sure you're not cold? We're almost there, anyhow. Oh, that's the gym up ahead. Very impressive. Bob, are you sorry? Why should I be sorry? You'll never regret it? Oh, you think I'd regret having you? You know, if we stand out here in the cold, too long will freeze. Bob, before we go inside, I want to be sure of one thing. Oh, now your hair looks perfect. No, no, I mean about you. I don't want you ever to think I made you do something that wasn't right. Honey, are you still worrying about that? In a few days I'll be out of this straight jacket, a free man, my own boss, no more bugles and bells to call me to formation, no more getting up before six. Is that something to be sorry about? Diane, when this is all behind me, I'll be tickled to death. Now, that answer your question. All right, darling, we can go in now. You've convinced me, even if you haven't convinced yourself. I think this guy really likes you.  All right, come on, guy, get lost. I'm going. I want you crying for number five, Diane. I'll be back. Oh, you bet, Joe. Aren't we going to dance? You know, I just happened to notice. We're right near the door. How about a nice breath of fresh air? In the lobby? All right. Nice breath of stale air, then. Okay. You see, I'm getting selfish in my old age. I like to have you to myself. Good evening, sir. Huh? Oh, good evening, mister. Sir, excuse me. Well, mister, what is it? Sir, may I ask you a question? Sure. Oh, Diane, this is Mr. Pearson, a plea from my company. Hello. Are you dragging a girl to the house? No, ma'am. I'm on duty here. Plebes aren't allowed to go to house. Oh, that's right. I forgot. Another of those silly rules. Well, what's the question, mister? Sir, there's a rumor in our section that you're resigning from the court. The rumor's true. I've submitted a letter to Captain Gaynor. What's the matter, mister? Don't you approve? I don't have any right to approve or disapprove, sir. But you don't approve, do you? You think Bob's making a mistake? Well, it's all right, mister. Tell her what you think. Yes, I'd like to hear. All right, ma'am.  I'm sorry. Look, mister, I won't be around here June week to recognize you. Suppose I do it now. No, you don't have to do that, sir. I want to, Mr. Pearson. Jake. Yes, sir. And never mind the sir. Yes, sir. Eh, I mean okay. Pearson, every plea has a chance to tell off an upperclassman on 100th night. Well, this is your chance. I don't want to keep the young lady standing in the lobby here. Oh, don't mind me. Besides, I'm fascinated. I want to hear what you're going to say. I don't feel very much like saying it now. You won't like it. If you're going to tell Bob he's making a mistake and should change his mind, I certainly won't like it. That isn't what I was going to say. Well, come on. Out with it. You're doing the right thing to resign. There, Bob, you see. Why do you say that, Pearson? I'll lay it right on the line. You don't need the court, so the court doesn't need you.  You ask me to, sir. Okay. Anything else? The only reason anybody's here in the first place is to train for a service career, right? Everyone is expected to serve his country one way or another. Yes, sir, but not necessarily at West Point. There, darling, you see? Just what I've been telling you all along, there are lots of ways to serve your country. And frankly, sir, if you're the type who chuck everything the first time a better offer comes along, you're just not good officer material. That isn't fair. Bob would have made a wonderful officer. Besides, he's going to do a lot more good where he's going. There's an inscription carved in the wall here in the gym. Do you ever read it? No. He means the MacArthur quotation. You can see it right up there. That's right, miss. You look at it. I don't have to. I memorized it. It says, upon the fields of friendly strife are sown the seeds that, upon other fields and other days, will bear the fruits of victory. If you don't believe that, I guess you just don't belong here. The academy means a great deal to you, doesn't it? I guess it's the most important thing that ever happened to me. Pearson, you're going to make a darn good officer. I'm afraid not, sir. I'm not going to get my commission. What are you talking about? I'm deficient in math and English. Buying a miracle I expect to be found before the end of the month. You mean Flunker? That's right. I'm sorry, Pearson. I didn't know that. So we'll be civilians together. Wish I was happy about it as you are. Pearson? No, I've got to go. If I don't see you again, good luck to both of you. Right here, sir. Well, you want to go back inside? I don't feel very much like dancing now. Neither do I. What about our walk? Could we take it now? I'll get your wrap. In memory of the officers and men of the regular army of the United States who fell in battle during the Civil War, this monument is erected by their surviving comrades. Battle monument. You've probably seen it in the newsreels. Oh, what are those lights over there? North barracks. You know what reminds me of a little two-line poem I read once in a back issue of The Pointer. It goes, uh, west point. And joy and pain. And barracks lights across the plane. Bob, he wasn't right, was he? Who? The plebe. He said you weren't good officer material. I guess he was. No, he wasn't. You aren't the type to throw away your ideals for the first good offer that comes along. Not for an offer, Diane, for you. And it was just for me. You didn't really want to do it at all. But... No, no, Bob, don't. I didn't have the right to ask you to resign, did I? Every right. I want to marry you, Diane. Do you know what you should have done, Bob? You should have told me to go jump in the Hudson. I had no business asking you to give up the career you'd chosen. Well, it's done now. Is it? Couldn't you withdraw the letter? Well, Captain Gaynor wouldn't forward it before Monday morning. I might be able to catch him tonight before taps, but what about the job with your father? Did you really want the job? Well, no, but you said you couldn't wait another year. Nobody can see into the future, Bob. But I think I can see this much, at least. If you married me now, you'd stick to your bargain. That's the kind of guy you are. But I've got a funny hunch there'd be times when I'd have trouble meeting your eyes. Diane, listen. No, Bob, you listen. 100 days from now, it'll be June. 465 days from now.  You'll shake hands with the general and he'll hand you your commission. Do you know where I'll be? Where? Down there somewhere. If I'm proud, I'll be bawling my eyes out. Young Man, here's news about an important opportunity for you. Right now, the United States Army has an urgent need for qualified technicians to operate and service the complex equipment that science has brought into being. The need is vital and you can be trained in such interesting career fields as radio, electronics, radar, photography, meteorology, mechanics, and many others. Here's your chance to acquire a skill that will be of value to your country and help you in civilian life. For full details, visit the recruiting sergeant at your nearest United States Army and United States Air Force Recruiting Station today. This has been another program on Proudly We Hail presented transcribe and cooperation with this station. Proudly We Hail is produced by the Recruiting Publicity Center for the United States Army and United States Air Force Recruiting Service. This is Kenneth Banghart speaking and inviting you to tune in the same station next week for another interesting story on Proudly We Hail.


Greetings, youngest and briefest of the adventurers. It is I Philip Magnus once again coming to you from the darkness of the forty-first mile... what? This is not the right game to talk about the darkness of the forty-first millennium. I know I'm playing the darkest dungeons and it is a lot of fun. I swear this time around I'm doing something a little bit more advanced and indeed I'm going to go on an adventure of many many many fun times. Actually I don't believe you had an option to cure blight and bleed so really do we need anti-venom maybe just in case one yeah sure let's take a skeleton key anyway as I was saying I have never done a level three mission and I'm very excited to see what happens with this one so we shall see hopefully we will not all die or perish in the darkness of the grim They breed quickly down there in the dark but perhaps we can slay them even faster 100% room battles which means there's one room battle. I wonder if there are more oh this looks positively nice let's see hmm blood thirsty yeah that's that's not great but at least it replaced paranoia which I suspect was just as bad in many many different ways blockages are unsurprising these tunnels predate even the earliest settlers unsurprising blockages it is as if I have heard this before but no way let's take the path with the battles and the treasures and the darkness of goddess gladiators oh you seem stronger or are you doesn't matter I'll shoot you anyway no I think I'll shoot all three of you for maximum efficiency let's see then I believe this is going to be very nice let's up our dear Vasis damage just a tiny bit and then let's cut through the mud oh boy that's not great let's see then dazzling light I think I shall razzle dazzle you my friend and yes I use razzle dazzle in conversations all the time it is a wonderful word I don't see why anyone wouldn't use it now that hurts that's just nasty absolutely uncalled for ouch bleeding eh so let's staunch the blood flow as the fiend falls taking one down faint hope blossoms down I was hoping this would finish him but no matter let's see then play grenade hey this could I in fact end him and it will the slow death the plague is lots of fun especially when you're not the one dying from it's right am I right middle-aged renaissance ladies who died of the plague none are watching now what a pity I'm not pig to the crit and also it gets a reward in a coupon that will allow it to buy uh yeah thank you narrator for once again screwing my rhetoric hey it's all right I forgive you oh god that is not good I have never seen one of those before but I can tell that it is very very weird and very very large anyway hopefully wait can I mark it no I can't can I but I could take tracking shot I bet it would be useful but no let's let's just try and kill one of them and fail miserably not by any means perfect this is going to be difficult isn't it let's see then you know I think this will be good for you boys and just to be sure that you die from the blight yeah this will do minor damage taken but hey the good thing about poison and the plague is that it sucks haha missed and you died and you my little swine spawn will die as well but not before you vomit sadly vomiting is such a pain in the throat hey I'm so funny huh fine I'm not let's see then I think I will take this adrenaline rush to heart before I start chopping away chop chop what the hell was that I don't think I'll be missing again I mean I don't think I'll be dodging again at least you my friend are played as well unpleasant but not too unpleasant not as unpleasant as a bullet in the face or better yet one of those yes you like them don't you and now I believe this tax no it doesn't actually I thought it did my bad hmm I actually heard a lot you don't forget to upgrade my divine grace I didn't forget to upgrade some skills should have done that hopefully it won't cost me the game the bloody game hey they have rubies and we all know when you've got rubies you've got um nice things happening to you right one two battles and lots of traps too unpleasant good job it's a it's never fails me does he let's hope that the priest will be able to survive whatever horrors lie in the grim darkness of these tomes oh she's very tough plus 10 max hp damn it now I regret that I didn't take it with Vassi but hey bloody is one tough cookie even tougher than before but that shouldn't need to surprise you bloody has always known her way with a maze and other deadly deadly things tracking shot fine you're now being tracked boy pray that I don't have to track you again sadly the little piggy managed to escape my plague and I was so nice to offer it to him too do you know how how expensive the play can be sometimes when it's insane hmm no matter I'm sure I'll do something something to make you nasty large corpse eaters and tiny normal corpse eaters regrets ever laying a hand on me nice heels bloody absolutely beautiful you know I think I'm going to kill you first but you well maybe you will be first I don't know I'm not good with tracking seriously it's resistant again grievous injury and now he's blighted Jesus five rounds what horror is this he's going to probably die from his plague but it won't unless I kill it this way that's fun right here we have the little piggy vomiting on Vassi Vassi is gonna be pretty sad about it right but not sad enough to miss chopping as larger choppable target as this lovely fellow right here I should probably cure myself from the blight thank god thank god he can do that I don't know what I'd do without him without his ability to cure minor damage and even more annoying minor plagues although is there such a thing as a minor plague really I don't think so I think all plagues should be grand like balls only less jubilant and far more everyone is dead you know the plague it's fun right precision I think you're going to die now please don't take offense in it there is one more battle before we're done sadly everyone is pretty go on what now oh nothing oh it would have given me one of the billion things that are already wrong with Vassi and trust me there is plenty wrong with her okay let's eat some food because obviously we're not going to need it not after this battle which is going to conclude today's episode as long as we survive it if not it will conclude my life this is how much my disappointment would weigh down on me you understand of course again with the vomiting I mean you think that they will get some manners nice let's hear everyone and hope for the best we didn't get the best but we got an average result ringing ears and far more vision but god the red plague really that sounds delightful absolutely delightful confidence surges has the enemy on three to go stop hitting bloody she doesn't enjoy it I think maybe she does he knows I mean I wouldn't pay her for a pdsm girl but you never know not with a girl who wears armor oh god anyway right then should I take a bit of a respite from hitting people with sharp objects and instead concentrate on hurting them in many others other inventive ways of course the blight is going to hurt quite a bit there a dizzying blow to body and brain yeah you stay down there hopefully hopefully they will not hit you again let's see can I take you down yeah with the blight I believe I just did that blight should cure it will do very soon here here live my dear here here live my dear it actually rhymes I didn't even know I could do that amazing what the language is capable of in the hands of such a celebrated amazing person such as myself you should be quite glad that you're sharing in this adventure with me or you know you could just try and hit me with something I don't think it works now they will die their formation is broken maintain the offensive I think a pistol to the face will do quite nicely and so it did surprise surprise hey that was a nice little run but a victory and an opportunity for my veterans to level further oh nice happen plus 30% debuff skill chance plus 30% debuff resist and minus two dodge well the benefits in my opinion outweigh the negative side effect of losing two dodge let's see what our valiant characters get hopefully it's something good oh that's amazing in fact nice a second good thing replaced with on guard wish I knew what on guard actually did unpleasant plus 10% damage ranged skills very good and guilty conscience oh god that's not going to be great is it especially once he passes that threshold of 100 stress he's going to go totally bonkers but hey that's what you expect interest and obsession wow markers on my road to damnation oh man Virgil got balanced which is amazing and Sonia underwent effective disease treatment fantastic she no longer has hysterical blindness which does sound surprisingly a lot like her hey also my gun reserves have suddenly increased by quite a rather large margin I'm only too happy with that what did I have to remove was it you oh yes this is absolutely ridiculous you know upgrade the sanitarium increases chances of curing extra diseases yeah definitely taking this one the first line of this war is not in the dungeon but rather inside the mind absolutely great if I managed to get scurvy out of ladi that would be a win in my book I should really invest in this as well actually I think I could probably trade two four three of those or maybe three four four six yeah let's do that and let's trade a scroll no yeah we'll do just that actually I kind of messed up just now but hey doesn't matter excellent now who else are we going to cure tetanus a nasty disease or maybe Zetlum no also tetanus now I think we are going to take care of Vasis disease first thing what is Angie suffering from oh god that's nasty rubbish is actually good surprisingly it can be used to further one's purposes hey that's nice enough and I think that we are just about no not this one we are just about done in fact upgrade but I think I can remove one of those it's expensive I know but I've got plenty of gold right now and I will wrap it up right here thank you guys for watching I really hope you enjoyed this I should it and I'll see you next time


Hi, I'm Gareth from MySociety and this is a talk about how freedom of information can be used for impactful journalism and campaigning and some tools we make to help you do that. Freedom of information or FOI laws allow citizens to request access to information held by public authorities. While the laws and performance of the countries around the world differs, the idea is roughly the same in most countries. So let's start off with some examples of how FOI can be used in different ways. The first is Public Interest Journalism. Because the information that's available through FOI is held by public bodies, there's usually a strong public interest in what the data is used for. At LATSO used FOI to obtain local government audit reports of a sewageworks company. Five years of reports found that raw sewage was being pumped into a nearby river and the story led to the company being fined. NETSPOLITICT requested internal emails that highlighted that the EU may have covered up conflict of interest with a corporate lobbyist. An open democracy used FOI in the UK to uncover significant revelations around government activities through dark money financing and lobbying. FOI is also a really powerful tool for collecting large data sets. The Bureau of Local in the UK pieced together a nationwide dataset revealing how much public property had been sold off across England in response to austerity measures. And they combined this crowdsourced data with traditional reporting of the stories of the people affected and this made national headlines. Citizens also use FOI themselves to make change. A citizen in York used FOI to investigate cycle barriers that did not comply with equality regulations, which forced several councils to replace them with more inclusive alternatives. All of these stories and hundreds more like them have been enabled by our freedom of information platform called Alavatalli. Alavatalli is an open source FOI platform to help lower the barriers to asking for public information. It's installed in over 25 jurisdictions around the world and has helped citizens make over 800,000 freedom of information requests. Alavatalli makes it easy to submit FOI requests to public authorities. It's a database for the authorities who are subject to FOI and contains the correct contact details for sending requests. The simple interface makes it less intimidating to write a request because public body websites are often full of legal jargon. Once the request is sent, the correspondence between the citizen and authority is all handled in one place with helpful formatting and metadata and help along the way during the process. The requests are made in public so that authorities are encouraged to respond rather than claiming they've never received them. And the benefit of the request being published means that Alavatalli acts as a public archive of released public information and citizens and journalists can search the site for interesting data. Users can also follow individual requests or request the specific authorities or request mention in specific search terms as a way of keeping up to date on the information being released. And of course you can have these email these updates email straight to your inbox. Alavatalli also includes features for professional users of freedom of information like journalists, campaigners and academic researchers. A key feature of PRO is the ability to create batch requests, so picking from a list of authorities and sending the same request to each. The same simple interface is retained and all requests in the batch are neatly grouped together. PRO users can keep their request private for 3, 6 or 12 months so that they can work on their story before publishing the raw data. Managing lots of FOI requests can be difficult, so we've built a dashboard specifically designed for handling large scale use of FOI where all the data can be exported to analyse in your data journalism tools of choice. And it comes with a smart to-do list for promoting or helping you take action only on the requests that have received an update. And PRO users also receive a daily email digest instead of having an overloaded inbox. And users can also link the source data to the published story to add weight to the reporting by giving readers confidence that the story is based on factual information. And there are several other features that help make PRO an all-in-one toolkit for professional users to get information from public authorities to use in their work. And as well as making it easier to make and manage requests, Alavitalie sites have their own user communities who can be activated for journalism around FOI requests. The simplest way is to just follow the public requests. Many stories are discovered from journalists just following their local authorities or topics of interest. So a request on what do they know, the UK version of Alavitalie, was picked up by a local newspaper around the top books borrowed from the library last year. And this might not be world-changing journalism, but these small stories help create a heartbeat of local news that can encourage a less political audience to become more engaged, which may then lead them to becoming more interested in slightly deeper topics. Alavitalie also allows users to create pre-written requests, and this can be used to crowdsource the request for information themselves from several bodies, or as a way of making it easy to ask the same question over time. Access Info Europe used this to great effect to start a three-year battle to get EU commissioners to release their travel expenses. This essentially is a crowdsource batch request, but it allows journalism organisations to activate their readers to contribute in the investigation process. And this particular investigation resulted in 50 European Union agencies making their presidents and directors travel expenses public. The Alavitalie network can help support larger cross-border investigations. Loss in Europe, which is a team of around 24 investigative journalists from 12 European countries, used several Alavitalie sites to make FYI requests to immigration and border enforcement authorities. My society helped introduce the journalists to the wider Alavitalie network, who helped then translate the requests into the country's language and also understand the relevant authorities and what data they held. And in April this year they won a first place in the Investigative Journalism for Europe Impact Award. And similar to following requests, there's a real opportunity for journalists to make use of the Alavitalie network to follow an investigation in one country and then perform the same investigation in their own country so that policies and decision making can be compared. Journalismfund.eu's local pilot used FYI to test this out. A Rotterdam hyper-local group and a Flemish investigative news site used FYI to receive documents related to the collaboration between the ports of Rotterdam and Antwerp in fighting drug crime. And they discovered how administrators and entrepreneurs kept sand in the alarm, but the government struggled to collaborate internationally to solve the problem. I hope these stories have inspired you to think about using FYI in your investigations, campaigns and research. If you'd like to find out more, visit alavitalie.org to find FYI sites near you and share your experiences with our community. We'd love to hear about how we could make FYI easier, so feel free to get in touch. Thank you very much.


Hey, it's Gabrielle over at Oxmore Toyota. I just wanted to send you over a video greeting just to introduce myself. I wanted to thank you for taking the time to speak with me earlier today regarding the 2013 Corolla. If you do have any questions, please feel free to give me a call. My phone number again is<PHONE_NUMBER>. Alright, thanks. Bye!


Thanks to all of you for being here today. This is an amazing region with a rich history, vibrant cultures, and a geo-strategic importance that it's difficult to overstate. It's a high honor to continue to serve in such a vital part of our world, and to both our friends, our competitors, and our would-be adversaries. Know that ninth Air Force and absent are here to stay. Thank you. Mike Lightspeed is aggressive and quick in size and up a tactical and strategic situation, and is proud to enjoy testing the people's health and the fantastic piano player. Next I'd like to thank General Perilla for officiating this ceremony. I do have to tell you that my mom's plans to get me to a good call. Thanks for being here today. I'd like to start off by saying thanks to the folks who work so hard to make this event possible. I do have a special thanks to the Air Chiefs and other 80-year-old generations across our enterprise, with a new technology, new processes, and new approaches. The Key Nords...


Welcome back to Tennis Talk, my name's Cam Williams and Wimbledon look like they're going to ban Russian and Belarusian players from the 2022 event as a result of the conflict happening in Russia and that Having a Russian player win Wimbledon, for example, Danomeviev could be a good look for Russia Which would boost what Putin is doing in the Ukraine Let's go over to the statement by the all England club only a couple of hours ago So this is the statement from Wimbledon or the all England club They say we have noted the UK government's guidance regarding the attendance of Russian and Belarusian individuals in a neutral capacity At sporting events in the UK This remains a complex and challenging issue And we are continuing to engage discussion with the UK government the LTA and the international governing bodies of tennis We plan to announce a decision in relation to Wimbledon ahead of our entry deadline in mid-may So there you have it that is what Wimbledon or the all England club as they're also known as came out and said So they're in a little bit of limbo at the moment And of course we know what the UK government had to say the sportsman is for the UK actually came out A month or so ago saying that all Russian players should be banned from Wimbledon And it looks like that it might be going down that road They haven't made a decision yet But if things don't get any better in the ukraine and with Russia, of course invading the ukraine It could get bad for the players and the all England club could ban the russians from playing all together Let me know down in the comments below. What do you reckon about this? We all know that the russian and bella russian players can't play under their flags They've also been pulled out of the team competitions the davis cup and the fed cup But we haven't seen them be pulled out of the individual competition yet And it looks like maybe Wimbledon are going to be the first ones to do it Of course, we've got some big names playing from russia next week including roublev So we'll see what happens is Wimbledon going to start the trend of maybe pulling out players from russia And bella russe because of the conflict


Okay, so I think we're ready. I'm Saul, you may have seen me on the other side. But now I'm here. I'm going to tell you all about going mobile in your WebRTC application with the help of ReagNative WebRTC. I'm here representing the IGITC project, which is the case we're going to look how we migrated it. Who here is familiar with IGITC? Okay, a few hands. So I'm going to be quick a little bit on this. So IGITC is a set of open source projects that allow you to deploy video conferencing applications. They are fully featured and run out of the box. So it's not a framework where you build on top. You have a finished product you can deploy. It's also a set of APIs and SDKs. So you can use this on another Web application or another mobile application. Look at that part in detail. It's also a pretty large community of people. We gather at many conferences and we get many contributions. We gather pretty much online. And for example, we have a few of those people here, like Gasky sends patches every once in a while. Good stuff. So that's who we are. And how does this GITC thing look like? Pretty much like this. This is the typical screenshot of a solo WebRTC developer when you have nobody to test with. You test with BigBug Bunny. And also I said we're in the browser, we're in all platforms. So of course we're on mobile, which is what we're going to talk about today. We have a new version of the app coming and one of the highlights is that white sheet is black. So it looks a lot better on your OLED display. Amongst all the cool stuff. We have lots of features, but today I'm not going to talk about the features themselves, but how you can take these features and run them on your mobile. So as I said, what we wanted was to go mobile. Now what did we have at hand? So our architecture is pretty much like this. So we have GITC Meet, which is our web application where you see the user interface that you saw before. That block is around 40,000 lines of code. UIs are simple, right? Then we got LiveGITC Meet, which is our low-level library. But this low-level library takes care of all the signaling, stream management, letting you know if a participant joined or left, statistics, audio levels, analytics, everything is integrated there. So the application doesn't use the WebRTC APIs because they are abstracted by our layer there, GITC Meet. That is around 30,000 lines of code at the moment. And it uses, of course, the WebRTC APIs at that level. But then we also use other libraries like Strove.js, for example, because the entire GITC Meet application is built on XMPP. That is not very relevant to what we're talking here today, but I thought I'd mention because it's also part of our DNA. Now, when we wanted to go native, you start with what everybody else is doing, I guess, which is let's build an Android app and an iOS app, native. Well, some experiments were made, and with around 20,000 lines of code, we were like 10 features in, 10% of the features in, which is not great. That also means you need a lot more resources because you need a team that understands Android well, you need another team that understands iOS well, and then you have those 30,000 lines of code that are only in libGITC Meet, so the library taking care of all the signaling and all the stream management, which you need to sort of reimplement. So what if we could somehow reuse these things and at least make use of all the man-hours that were spent there, all the knowledge that was poured onto that library and all the problems that are already solved. At the same time, GITC Meet is an application that was many, like it was built around the thing 2014 or something. So, you know, it uses jQuery. It's now still in somewhere little dark corner. Now it's a React application, but at this time, roughly at the same time, we were thinking, okay, we need to migrate to something which is better, which allows us to architecture our application better and make it more future-proof. We thought React was this answer, and roughly at the same time, React Native was coming up, which was the new hotness. It gave some promises that sounded great. So we started building a prototype for this application in 2016. For those who know React Native, this was React Native 0.27. So that was a while ago. Now, what is React Native WebRTC or what does it give us? Sorry, React Native. It is not a WebView. So, of course, one way to go mobile is, ah, we'll use something like Cordova. So we put our code on a WebView, and it runs JavaScript, so we can do that. No, React Native, it uses JavaScript, but it's just to run some code that ends up translated into Native via a bridge. So this bridge will turn your JavaScript code into Native views. So you end up with a full, honest-to-god Native application instead of something wrapped in a WebView. I'm not going to go into detail about why you may want to go one direction or the other. This is what worked for us. It may work for you, which is the point of why I'm here. It's got a thriving ecosystem, so lots of plugins to connect anything to everything. And also, it's just JavaScript, right? So you can still write your, like the good thing about React and React Native together is the idea that you could write your logic in JavaScript and then on the Web you would emit DOM so that it's rendered in the browser and on React Native you emit React Native components and thanks to the black magic of React Native they end up becoming Native views and everything works. That was the promise. And it works for us. Now, of course, if you're not in a WebView, you're not in a browser, you don't have WebRTC, for example. So what do we do? Well, we build it then. Somebody started, Henry started a plugin called React Native WebRTC, very original name, of course. I released version 1.69 last week with a number of good features. Now, so what does this module offer us? It offers us WebRTC APIs that you can access on your React Native application. They are usable. They are not the latest APIs that you can see on, you know, the WebRTC spec because things take some time to build and in the end it works today and you say I'll do it tomorrow and here we are. But it works, of course. It's just the API. The inner works are the same. It's battle tested. As in, we have been using it for years. Other people use it as well. And it's usually pretty up to date. Right now there's a little gap, you know, Christmas period. We got acquired, yada, yada. So it's at Chrome M69 right now. It's also a funny number, but we're going to switch off it really soon. Hopefully to 72 or better. We try to keep up with Chrome's releases very early. So those 1.0 million lines of code that you heard at Jeremy and Leonard's talk, we embed them all. That's what we use on the React Native WebRTC plugin. Part of the work that we did in the last two releases, so 1.67 and 1.69, has been in performance. Right now we have an, on iOS, we have a metal based renderer. We offloaded lots of work off the UI thread, so it would run a lot snappier and we have seen significant improvements in our own application in jitsiming. So I think everybody would benefit from using the latest and the greatest because it is the greatest. Now, in the React Native ecosystem, not all the glitter is gold because if you want to build an RTC application, there's lots of things you still need to do. Well, first of all, remember when I said it's just JavaScript, so yeah, your web developers can chime in? Well, no, they can, but you are going to need to write native code. You will not be able to escape this. The cake was a lie. You'll have to do it. I wasn't a mobile developer before, but I somehow became one, I guess. So it can be done and you don't need super deep expertise to start working on it. You need to take care of audio routing. The WebRTC library will just use whatever is the default, but you may want to offer the user a choice. It's like use the speaker, use the Bluetooth, use whatever. When iOS is pretty simple to do because there's MP volume view, which you can show, and then it's just already built in. The user chooses dismisses and that's it. On Android, it doesn't exist and you have to build it.  Then, of course, the users have the expectation that your application integrates with a system calling services so that you don't get a phone call at the same time and things break. So that means that on iOS, you will want to integrate Coket. And on Android, this weird, reasonably recent thing called connection service. There is a Reagnative Coket plugin you could use, but you need to wire this in. Then there is an interesting story about Codex because a mobile WebRTC doesn't use a software-based encoder for H.E.64. It uses only the hardware ones and in some craptacular Android devices, they just are disabled because they work so bad. At the same time, some Android devices are capable of doing hardware-assisted VPA encoding, which means a simulcast doesn't work even if you enable it because they use the hardware encoder. So there's a little bit of a mismatch and you may need to, you know, test, fine-tune and use what you want. Think about what use case you want to cater for, what resolution you want to set, and what code you want to use. So this is important for you to know. Timers don't work in the background in the JavaScript library. There is a plugin that allows them to run in the background. It won't magically make your app run in the background, but if it's already allowed to run in the background, timers will run. So you may need to do that. And there's all sorts of platform shenanigans like OpenGL Layer Limits in Android, yeah, they add. And all of that just to get something like this. So what we did, actually, we needed to both deliver an app but also deliver an SDK so that other people could do all of this without doing it themselves. And that is the Jitsimid SDK. If we look at this application, this is really just a carcass because this just renders a Jitsimid view, which inside renders the ReagNative root view. So we take care of all those connections, all your routing, call kit, all the codec stuff, all of it is built in. And all you have to do is integrate the single view and you get our entire experience, multiple participants, mute and mute, all of it. And this is very different from all the other APIs you get on mobile for these kinds of applications. They're always very low-level. You need to do the entire UI and all that stuff. And we give it to you for free Apache 2 license. And there's already applications using it like Riot.im from the Matrix guys, which is awesome. Here's a quick example of how it looks like. On iOS, you just get a hold of the view called join on it, pass a URL, bobs your ankle. Then you get some delegate methods telling you, hey, the conference started, hey, the conference ended, and then you may want to dismiss your controller. But that's it. You get events to know what was going on. And on Android, and this shows a little bit, something new in the SDK, we had the support for fragments. So you just take a fragment, get the view and call join on it, and suddenly you have a view with a GT URL, then you dismiss it and move on with whatever else your application was doing. So if we look back, how did we do? We started with this, which is what we wanted to do. So I'm happy to say that we are reusing 100% of our lib.gtsimid source code. And I guesstimate that we're actually sharing 85% of the UI code between web and mobile. And to give you a quick example of how this materializes in the UI, this component down there with the controls and that component out there with the controls for the call, they are both the exact same thing called Toolbox. We just have, at the end of it, the rendering is done on Reagonative Views or in DOM for the web. Everything else, all the logic to keep the state and everything, all of that is shared. So in our humble opinion, Reagonative Views is ready if you want to choose it for your next adventure going mobile. And if you don't want to do it all yourself, your application has other types of business and you just want to add video to it, use the gtsimid SDK. I'm happy to help you out if you have any problems with it. And if you have questions, I run out of time, so meet me in the hallway. Thank you.


Okay, so hello everybody. Sorry for the short delay, but that was even fast because I honestly almost missed my talk during to the shift. That was also why I was back there. Good, first time that that happened. But nevertheless, I will be ready. So the first thing to mention is I changed the title to be a bit more concrete because I decided to, is this position good or do you still have this feedback in the microphone? Because I hear that. Okay, so I decided to tell you about something more concrete and that is our recent experiments on spin charge separation and hidden correlations in Fermi hover chains. And before I start, just I want to make sure to set the stage because of the two talks in this session before were basically on solid state qubit systems. And I move now on to a different platform which is neutral atoms in optical lattices, where the focus is clearly not so much on the quantum computation, but more on the quantum simulation site which you saw actually by the fact that we were basically missing in that famous science table there. Okay, so what we are interested in is, we are interested in exploring with this experiment the Fermi-Habbat model. And why is it at all interesting to do quantum simulations on the Fermi-Habbat model? Well, the Fermi-Habbat model is the most prominent traded toy model for high-temperature superconductors. They probably noted many things in the details that are really unclear. And what is really unclear in the superconductors is really the exact nature and even the which phases are there in this phase diagram, somewhere in the vicinity this DSC, this d-wave superconducting, somewhere in the vicinity of this superconducting dome. So this year it's really the phase diagram that is conjectured for the superconductors and the question is not really that we want to address with our quantum simulators. Can we find these interesting phases in this actually most simplest or, well, let's say most prominent toy model which is this Fermi-Habbat model here. I'm gonna explain in the next slide the different terms there to give you a little bit of intuition in this. So how can we actually implement the Fermi-Habbat model in AMO systems? Well, the basic work calls that we have in the lab are optical lattices that we create by interfering laser beams. So what you see here is a little bit an artist's image of a three-dimensional optical lattices that is generated by interference of this beam which somehow, well, it's hard to work by this beam and this beam so that basically leaves you with a periodic array of intensity maxima that are these great dots. And then we load atoms into the system and these atoms in our course fermions, well, they can hop from side to side. They might have a spin that is when they become interesting for fermions because otherwise they do nothing too much interesting because of it's basically powerly blocked and they can have onsite interactions and that's what's depicted here in this 2D example. So again, this here is basically a hopping term. These fermions of both spins, red and blue, they can hop around in the lattice. When they sit on a single side, they interact. This is this interaction U-term and again, powerly blocking two red and two blue rays can never sit on top of each other. So this is the framework. And again, this sounds like a very simple model. I mean, I can draw a very simple toy cartoon here but again to stress the low temperature phase diagram of this model in the regime where there are also vacancies like where you have like a filling below one is really not clear and that is what we target. In this talk, I actually not talk about the two-dimensional model. It's basically the thing is in these business of quantum simulation, it's always your first stuff to understand. Your quantum simulator, you have to verify that you believe the results and so on. So it's always a good idea to first test your simulator in a regime where you basically know what you expect. So what we're doing here is we are studying basically the Fermi-Habbat model in one dimension where we know this is basically a Latin gel liquid. We know basically everything you can say but what is very interesting is actually that the physics in 1D is very universal. That goes under this keyword of Latin gel liquids and our experiments can provide, well, a fresh new help to understand and so on. The fundamentalist effects that appear there. So it's in the sense of a textbook-like setting and what I want to talk about is one of the most prominent effects that appear then that is spin charge separation. In one dimension, basically the independence of spins and charge, spin and charge degrees of freedom. The second thing is so why are we interested to explore 1D? Well, basically I explained it already. You have to calibrate your quantum simulator and be ready to explore then uncharted territory in two dimensions or develop new techniques that you can transfer to other dimensions or also develop new techniques to test, well, to get access to new observables and for that I will provide an example which is actually directly measuring a topological order parameter that can identify, for example, topological order and Haldane chains. Okay, so first to set the stage again, I want to link to solid state observations of spin charge separation. So these are three prominent experiments. Oh, here this is actually wrong. This is 2005, I think. This was basically the first one. Where they basically, in solid state, you have very different observables than we have with the atomic systems and typical measurements are some incarnation of spectroscopy. Something is wrong with this. Okay, maybe I should speak not too loud to let the sound waves not shake the connector or whatever. Okay, so, well, we have three spectroscopies, basically two tunnel current, tunnel spectroscopy measurements and one angle result for the emission measurement. Well, the thing is I want to highlight this so the typical results here is you change some energy and you see some spectrum and then you see spin charge separation in these experiments very indirectly, I would say, but what you see is basically you see a splitting of the excitation spectrum and you can extract two modes and then one is said to be the spin on mode and one is said to be the hole on mode. So that is basically what has been seen in solid state in this context. In ultra cold atoms, again, we have very different observables and that before I come, what we actually did, I want to show you two very prominent proposals in this context, one is from 2003 and the idea is basically now with the ultra cold atoms, we can directly track the dynamics of the system. We can take images and we can basically ask questions like, given we made an excitation at point A, where is this excitation at a later point in time and space? So this is basically related to both these proposals here. So the idea is you make an excitation initially at some point in space zero and then you look basically two wave fronts traveling outwards, one in the spin, one in the charge, degree of freedom against spin charge separation. You saw the spectrum basically means you get a spin and the charge velocity, both were linear spectra before and that means you see two different velocities directly and that means after some time, you really see directly, well, spin and charge, they spatially separated and you can even fit in the velocity and extract the story directly. So this was how, well, many proposals also around this and many experimental attempts were driven by these proposals basically to have some way of seeing this directly, but again, I will switch again in this talk, I will not talk about these dynamical aspects of spin charge separation, but I want to show you how we can actually measure, well, basically spin charge separation directly based on the measurement of correlation functions between spin and charge degrees of freedom that we have access to with our quantum gas microscopes. So what you see here is a single shot image that we took in our experiment of lithium atoms, so each red dot here is a lithium atom in a two-dimensional optical lattice and the point is this is really the density distribution of one quantum realization of the system. That means we can calculate now very complicated correlation function based on these shots.  So we can make a non-local, we can analyze non-local correlation functions and that is basically where our new analysis basically is based on. Okay, but I don't want to be completely abstract, I was also as an experimentalist want to give you a flavor here how this actually looks. It's actually a pretty complicated machine that we have set up there in the experiment, so it's actually consisting of three optical tables, I show only two here, so you see this one is basically our preparation table to prepare all the laser beams, so like hands on work means you have to have this all under control, keep it stable and so on and then we guide the light by favors to the main table and the actual ultra cold atoms, they live on this table and I should say this is actually a photograph on the side so this is not a top view, so we become three-dimensional in terms of optics around the microscope, so where are the atoms? I could make the guessing game, maybe you see that there's something, there's more space here in the center and that's actually where the atoms are, let's zoom in. So what you see here is basically a class cell, it's roughly four by four centimeters and the atoms they live in the center there in an ultra high vacuum environment and that makes them actually such a nice isolated quantum system and then we absorb them with a microscope, what is the microscope? Well, that doesn't look very spectacular, it's this piece of plastic from below that we use to detect the atoms, it's actually a resolution of roughly one micrometer, so we are not so much in the typical microscope domain but I want to give you an idea why that actually works and the idea is we have actually the possibility to generate pretty complicated lattice structures. What we use in this experiment here is basically a two-dimensional super lattice, how does a two-dimensional super lattice, well, it can look very differently depending on how you choose its parameters but what is shown here is basically a light intensity distribution for one specific parameter setting of the system, the important thing to remember is we have two length scales here, we have a large well separation of 2.4 micron and we have a small well separation of 1.2 micron. Remember I told you the microscope we have a resolution of one micron, so even the smallest one we have no problems to observe that. Now that you might ask the question, okay, but typical ultra cold atom lattice experiments they typically work with 500 nanometers. That is actually something that is usually even required to have long enough tumbling time scales for the, let's say, usual atoms with usual atoms, I mean, rubidium. What we use is lithium, lithium is much lighter, it's something like 12, roughly 12 times lighter I think and that means it can tunnel over much larger distances and that is the trick actually that let us get away with these large lattice distances and that is at the root, really at the heart of the experiments I'm gonna present you in a minute. So another thing, just to give you an idea how these quantum gas microscopes work, so how did I actually, or how did we take this image with the red dots that were all these lithium atoms? Well, what you have to do is you have to keep your atoms at one point in space and then somehow make them scatter photons. How many photons they scatter? They typically scatter 10,000 photons per atom. 10,000 photons per atom means basically you heat them so strongly that they will hop out of these lattice sites very easily and with basically unity probability, meaning we cannot take these images because they start to move. So what do we do is we overlay an extra lattice, these are these black dots, so the red dots, let's say it's the super lattice that I showed you in a minute before, the red, the black dots are now an extra lattice that we call the pinning lattice and this we can make very, very deep. So what we do is we shine in just for detection this pinning lattice, keep the atoms at their position and then use so-called Raman-Seidman cooling, so this is what is called R1, R2 and the repumper, so these are just the lasers you need for Raman-Seidman cooling and what this does is this allows you to scatter photons while keeping the atoms in the individual wells. So they try to escape, they try to heat up but then this cooling mechanism brings them down to the close to the ground site again so they cannot escape and with that we can scatter enough photons and obtain these images. So why this long story about all this technology because of here's really what enables the experiments on spin charge separations and that is a specific detection technique with which we can locally, locally means on each and every lattice site can detect the spin state of the atom simultaneously with the charge degrees of freedom. Basically it means we can detect locally is the atom spin up, is the atom spin down, is the atom not there at all or do we have a spin up and a spin down atom on one side. So how does that work? First of all, as I said, we do experiments in 1D. So this is actually an image of such 1D chains so this is one 1D chain, another one, another one, another one, so this is five and they are completely separated concerning the dynamics in the vertical direction so that's what's illustrated by this thick lines. The point is now you see that the separation of the lattice sites in the horizontal direction is half as in the vertical direction. So we use at this one here only one of our super lattice is basically this direction while here we have the long component on but now prior to imaging, we can use this extra super lattice in the vertical direction as something like a local mini-stand-gelach to get a solution for the spins. So what we do is we have first this large lattice spacing and then we switch on prior to imaging, we switch on a magnetic field gradient and that means for the spin ups, the situation looks like that if we ramp up this short scale lattice component and for the spin downs, the situation looks like that. That means the spin down goes from your side right well, the spin up goes to the left well or on the image here, this left and right is up and down. So let's see, this one here basically was a spin down atom, it moved down. This one here was a spin up atom, it's moved up. This one here was a doubloon. So we had a spin up and a spin down atom and well, these are the, well, you won't say boring sites, but they actually not because if you want to see the interplay between the holes and spins, this is an empty site. And we get full resolution as I said, site-wise in this way. And then we can also calculate, answer question like what is the probability for or what is, how are the spins predominantly if I have, do I have a hole here? For example, here I have a basically a missing atom, so now I can ask questions, what is the spin alignment around such holes or what do holes in generally do to the spin order in a longer chain? And that is actually the type of question we're gonna ask. So before coming to the, coming to the doped, how about physics and doped means in a situation where holes are important in the system, I want to show your first results in the simple case, basically in the case where the system is at half filling and just to, what half filling means basically we have an equal amount of spin ups and spin downs in the system and no holes. So there's an atom at each site and that means the charge degree of freedom is not there at all because of the charge, there is nothing where the charge can move, the only motion that you can have is basically spin motion. And in this situation, the Habat model actually maps to a Heisenberg antiferromagnet and of course, given the technology I just described you, we can just check, do we see antiferromagnetic correlation in the system when we load and prepare these chains? And the answer you see here, so if we measure a standard two point correlator at the distance of one side, two side, three side, four sides we see basically we have anti-aligned spins, aligned spins, anti-aligned spins, aligned spins over these four sides. So we really see these systems, if we cool them as cold as we can at the moment, they show antiferromagnetic correlation and at the moment what we get is something like a correlation length of 1.3 site corresponding to an entropy of 0.5 KB. And that's again an example why it's interesting to benchmark your system in 1D because of these numbers, how do we get these numbers? Well, this number we can measure but how do we get this number? We cannot really measure. What we have to do is we have to ask our theory colleagues, in this case, Jacobo Nespolo and Lodopole and they do QMC with all the experimental stuff in there and we can then compare and get this number. So that's like this benchmarking idea. We are by far not the only ones working on this problem. Actually, that's a very prominent problem that is attacked in the ultra cold community and very prominently in two dimensions in the other experiment and I want to highlight this 2007 nature of the Marcus Griners group where they actually implemented a new way of cooling and they can reach actually antiferromagnetic order. In this case, I would not even call it correlations anymore, I think it's justified to call it there even antiferromagnetic order because of they see basically that they're full sample of roughly 100 sites actually orders. So that is very prominent or very promising results for these ultra cold atom systems because it shows basically that we really can access the low energy physics of these complex models. And just to mention, a similar experiments are going on in Martin Thierline's group at MIT, Michelle Curls' group in Bonn and Wasim Bacchres' group in Princeton. All right, so now let's add holes to the system. So what do we expect if we add holes? So let's keep it simple and understand this intuitively first. So we have here a kinetic energy part in the Fermi-Habat model. So this comes as usual with a negative sign that means basically the holes, they want to maximize this hopping term. They want to be delocalized as much as possible. That's what this cartoon says that if you go from fulfilling, which is black to a hole, you don't know where the hole is, it's completely delocalized. So that's what the holes want to do. The spins, they still want to be magnetically ordered in this case. And that means they want to show something like in this cartoonish way, this up-down, up-down, up-down structure. The thing in 1D is now, we can make both degrees of freedom simultaneously happy. And that is really what shows you that, well, basically this works because if you have spin charge separation, it basically means the spins, they don't care for the holes. The holes can freely delocalize even if you have anti-ferromagnetic order. And that is again in a cartoonish way shown here. So let's assume we have a situation where we have a spin up, where we have a spin up, a hole and another spin up. Now, if you would move the hole, the hole moves here, then it would cost one J of energy. J is the spin exchange energy here because if you have two spin ups next to each other, instead of a spin up and a spin down. On the other hand, if the situation is such that you have a spin up and a spin down around the hole, this hole can basically freely delocalize as much as it wants and the spin order is fully intact. So if this is the ground state basically, that means the spins and the holes, well, they don't couple, they don't care for each other. And that is what we tested in our experiment. So again, what is shown here is what I showed you already before, is basically the up, down, down, up, down, down and so on order between the spins. And now we analyze our data and look specifically for events where we have a hole and now ask the question, what is the alignment of the spins around that hole? And what we find is indeed, compared to the case where you have full filling, all atoms there basically where you have up, down, up. In this case, we have up, hole, down. That means this two point correlator, it really flips its sign, compared to the case where if you have a hole there or if you have not a hole there. And that is something we can again directly test. We can make this test also a bit more on longer length scale. We can sit for example on a distance of four sides and ask now the question, what happens if we have no holes in between the four sides? Well, then you can look here, we expect basically positive correlation. So this one. Now we add one hole between the four sides. This thing flips, we get negative correlation. We add another hole, we get positive correlations. If we add three holes, so basically two spins here and only holes in between, well they are direct neighbors again and we see here, sorry, we see negative correlations here again. So that works, we can directly study a single hole, what it does basically to spin correlators. So what I was describing you so far was basically only direct environment around the hole and very close distance physics. And I can tell you, I stay mostly short distance in this talk, but I want to give you an idea actually of how you can analyze also a longer range physics in the system based on string correlators. And for that I want first you to understand what actually these holes do. So let's assume we don't have a hole.  Now if you have a hole, I showed you already that if you have a hole, basically the order here from down down goes to form down and then up. But that means now all the spins in this block until the next hole basically have been flipped from here to here. So now if I have a fluctuating hole number and just calculate normal two point correlators, let's say around between these two sides, then this flip of what we call the anti-ferromagnetic parity of this block and not only of this block basically leads to an averaging of up spins and down spins and then basically to a vanishing of the correlator. So the question, so that is kind of a trivial impact of the holes to the spin order because you see basically the spin order here still looks pretty good. So we have up, we have down, we have up, we have down, we have up. It's just that the holes displaced basically disordering. So now how can we get that back? Well one obvious way is we just kick out all the holes and we shift everything together. We go to so-called squeeze space. So that is the idea of came out of Jan Zanens group. So you see basically we basically remove the holes and post-analysis and basically shift together, shift everything together, we get squeeze space and then you get perfect anti-ferromagnetic order. And this is now completely independent of how many holes we had in this chain. And another way which is largely equivalent but it's very interesting because of this is why my basically comment on topological order parameters, that is basically instead of squeezing out the holes, we basically go through the chain and for each and every hole, we basically multiply the next sites by minus one. Basically we flip their spin in the analysis to basically have to correlate the right again that it respects this spin flip around the hole. And that is basically then amounts to measuring of a string order correlator where you have this charge string, a string of the product of minus ones in there. And again this is exactly the thing you also would have to measure to detect order in Haldane chains where you have instead of holes spin ups and downs, you have basically spin zeros, spin ones and spin minus ones. And I want to stress this is really something that until the advent of these microscopes, you could, there was no known way of how to measure it because if you want to measure that correlator between site one and eight, you have to know everything in between. So this is a project, this is a really a non-local order parameter. Okay, let's see how that works in the experiment. So we have now a fluctuating hole number and measure the standard two-point correlator. I said already that basically amounts of averaging this ups and downs because if we don't know which hole number is there and you see basically we have next neighbor correlations which is basically an Pauliplucking effect and then basically we see no correlations. Now analyze the same data in terms of the string order parameter. And we said, you see we say basically get fully, we get back the undiferromagnetic correlation. Yeah, which shows you basically that the only effect that the holes have is this trivial effect of displacing the order. Another example in squeeze space, this time we basically bin our data into sectors of fixed density. So the green data here is around unity filling. It's a density of 0.95 to 1.5. And you see basically we see this typical string, typical two-point correlations as you've seen already before. But if you go to the very low density sector where you have very many holes, the blue one here, we basically do not see anything of these staggered correlations anymore. Now we analyze the same thing in squeeze space. We squeeze everything together and you see basically it's basically completely independent what we get there of the hole number. So all cases show very nice six-second behavior and again that emphasizes the spins. They don't really care how many holes you have there. You just have to analyze the system in the right way. And now if this is really true, we should be able to describe the system as an effective Heisenberg model. Remember the spins are described by a Heisenberg model at unity filling. And what I showed you basically that if we analyze it correctly, we don't care for the filling. The spins always behave the same. So we should be able to describe that by an effective Heisenberg model. But now, of course, if we find a temperature, the strength of this coupling here becomes important because believe me, if I have one spin there or this side of the room, the other spin there and holes only in between, they will hardly speak to each other. So they will have a very reduced coupling. And that means basically the coupling strength in this effective model depends on the filling. How many atoms you have there? Actually it depends also on the correlations that are modified by the temperature and that is why you see basically this curvy behavior for different temperatures. But let's say the main effect for now is really that we see a strongly reduced coupling if we set every very low filling. So which means once been there, once been there, then we hardly have any coupling. So now how can we test this? I should say, I mean, this is basically all this theory that is backing up this, you know, this has been done in Eugene Demler's group by Fabian Kost. Yeah, so how can we test this experimentally? Well, we can try if we can model, and now it's important our finite temperature data on the spins using this effective squeeze space Heisenberg model. So the idea here is again, we've been our data versus density that you've seen already before. And now we analyze here only the next neighbor correlator and the next neighbor correlator. And now what happens if this effective coupling goes down but we still have the same temperature? That means we increase effectively the entropy. You know, we have just some temperature and we shift now more and more quantum states basically in this range that is set by the temperature. So that happens from here to here. So what you expect if in the Heisenberg model entropy increases, then you expect obviously that correlations go down. So that is what we see in the experiment. We see strong correlations here. So this is on point three, the next neighbor. This one is on point one, the next neighbor. And then they go down and they go to zero and actually they don't do that in an arbitrary way, but they basically follow the predictions of this effective model here for temperatures around point eight J. So this matches very nicely and confirms again that the spins and charges are independent. And this actually, at least in the very large U limit. Sorry, well, to introduce the slide. You know, I basically started the whole talk with emphasizing some universality of physics in one dimension. But the point is, Latinx and liquid physics in general in 1D is only limited in the very long wavelength flow energy limit. What we tested here was basically correlations at one side, two sides, something like this distance. So this is not really in the realm of the Latinx and liquid. But the point is the Heisenberg model, 1D Heisenberg model, at least in the infinite U limit, has been shown actually to fully separate basically the wave function. Fully separates into a free fermion wave function for the charges and an effective Heisenberg wave function at all energies, basically. So that is also why that is basically explaining why we see spin charge separation. Point is now, we do not have infinite U. So can we see something that there is a remaining coupling between the spin and charges? And the answer is in the experiment, not fully. But if we ask our theory colleagues, we actually can get this information. So what you see here is basically, again, what you've seen before, the staggered correlator and the correlations around the holes. So now, if this model, if the effective Heisenberg model is completely, or if the spins and the charges are completely separated, then you would say at t equals 0, these points here should be completely equivalent. So because of these spins, this here is a direct neighbor, like here, these two. And this one here is also a neighbor, basically a direct neighbor. It's just a hole in between. But if you are t equals 0, the energy scale doesn't matter. So now if we ask this question, what are the correlations here at t equals 0, compared in this case, then if everything separates, it should be the same. That means this difference here, what we plot here is the length of this green arrow, should go to 0. But the theory says it doesn't do it, actually. It stays finite. And that is basically because of we have corrections due to non-infinite U. OK, with this, I want to basically finish and highlight the people that did this work in the lab. And that is, first of all, the postdoc, Guillaume Salomon, and then these three PhD students here, Timon Hilger, Ahmed Omran, and Martin Boll. And then, I think I can skip the summary. And I want to first give you a teaser of what we can do, actually, with this data analysis. So when you see here, we can do post-selection tricks and basically measure full order of these chains. And we think we can access low temperature physics by that. And well, what we want to do in the future is clearly we want to extend this all and bring these nice techniques to 2D. Yeah, thank you.


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