Everybody forced here up in 2022 tops Cosmic home baseball hobby toolbox case number seven random teams Check out these results anytime lane sports cards.com. I Wasn't in the group chat, so I'll probably do half the case I'll have Sam do have the case I think that's how we're gonna do it here three halves Four halves I'll bought a case for free for everybody We'll just have Matt do a night We can find out how to make money on we can do it I'm saying we'll just have Donnie break Sometimes you just gotta you just gotta push him off the ledge and see if he can fly Lunch into orbit Lou Bob Rocky dude makes over 600 K. Is that the reason why you want to be a does honestly? I mean, that's not bad Paul Goldschmidt deep space These are called Paul Goldschmidt Livestream golf LSE not safe for work channel. It would have to not say for Sean being there He was showing me he was like I was like oh I wonder if you can show any of the videos he took like at the last golfing session and we want I he's like Let me go listen. He came back three times. I'd know All the videos had like F bond is left. It's everywhere. All right, come on Of course, he's already been talking smack to Kyle and we still we saw three days before we play It's like I'm in a bad position now refractor Soler Marlins All right, what was all the color at? No, it's a finer easy, but I mean Hey, what about like it's all the same pay like what is it? It's a different, you know, I mean we're in Crawford there Rocky Otter Spencer Torkelson to start us off with the Tigers Grads Tigers nice hit. There's an O'Neill cruise base Orbit's birthday was Wednesday You want some color do you want like Because it is what it is Equal pay than Benny Cosmic cosmic got Chris Brian nucleus Kevin Gossman Gaussman Blue jays Regiment refractor O'Tani show.  Yeah, then I'll do it. Yeah He's be like, why are you doing that now? Sam doing that. Oh, I know Sam was here. Oh, is that a red? It is Red rookie Josh Lowe Tampa Bay four five Wow, I'll wait a while There's even more at yeah, okay, just make sure I have to make sure now with movies Considering the one that's something the one that's on the thumbnail. I've not yeah Watch an orbit. It was a wits rookie base or see I guys probably once we're finished with it.  So probably like an hour and a half until For like personals, I would say right now Blue real muto Phillies as illegal would say best catcher in baseball, but he's wrong 26 at 99 Because it's out the rushman or a Santa Leon stone league. I forget Sandy Leon Enough I'm guessing you've never seen club dread. That's that's a pretty not the most popular movie ever seen Supertroopers Yes, actually, okay. It's the same guys that make that made that movie in beer fest. Oh, really? Yeah.   Yeah, it is and it's Kyle Tucker for the Stroh's number two of 10 Told you guys low number color all over the place here low numbers Bobby Miller is debuting tomorrow Wander franco rookie bass refractor you Darvish Padres I think you mean my song of Pina Colada Berg. Yeah Well, that song sounds like a lot like margaritaville I'm on now last noob back Myers so in sterling there's a rawfield ever's that Knob auto. Oh really? Yeah Devers has a knob and a knob auto. I'm like, oh my god like I don't think that's something I can acquire but Yeah, I think if I pulled it it was in my hand, I'd probably have to make the person an offer I'd be like I should not offer this but I will Nucleus bobeshet blue jays. I don't know. I don't know. I decided to put it on this way and Stephen Kwan I should just see where it goes. Just kind of see where it goes Let's start breaking like this. All right. They're breaking like this Much better there Torvalson. Yeah, you should actually you yeah, you got okay. So sam's gonna wear his hat a little differently tonight guys You're gonna love it rookie refractor Collin Mueller for the Braves He's like a vanilla ice got punched in the face three times and just left the hat as it was after that Got an orange j crona work the crone zone can't tag anybody out dude 23 to 25. Is that jersey number crone? I'm not the best with like other teams baseball numbers Yes, we are Russ. Yes, we are Big trout or a ton it would be saucy. Oh, what's up chris? Oh, there's jaren durand the goat. What up chris chris? I am very jealous of your city connect manners that I do want that Okay, what do we okay speak of city connect The reds are pretty fine. I love the reds. What do you think about the Orioles worse one release so far? You think it's the worst one. I'd say I'd say on par. Oh, maybe worse than the Dodgers I think it's I think it's horrible That's because they you have like every Maryland team does something with the Maryland flag Like the ravens have the coat of arms on their sleeve the Orioles have it on their sleeve Maryland does it old Miguel Sano twins. He still plays baseball 41 to 50 Yeah, it's just it's super plain. That's the issue with it. That I I agree with that I don't hate it. I think like they could have done so much better though I think they really blew the hat too.  It's the white B They didn't do enough It's a city connector supposed to be like, whoa, like this is way different and like a much different take, you know Refractor jake bernards, but it's kind of just like Oh, we'll put the armband and then we'll just change the B. Yeah, I agree with that I'm very disappointed with the Orioles worse one. I don't think so. I don't like the Giants ones Really? I don't like the Giants ones The Dodgers ones are pretty bad. I'll agree. The Dodgers ones are just the regular Dodgers jersey Yeah, I'm with you. The Dodgers aren't great So what are the best? Okay, so the best are still the Nationals like that's I don't know if that'll ever change Red Sox I put up there. I think the Rockies have a very good... What are you guys doing back there? I feel like we're about to get shot Why are you uh Inspiring with the M&E enemy right now Oh, geez. Oh no, they got you now. They got you now Gary Sanchez to 99 Twins And uh, Jeremy Pena Demax you're okay Orange Otto Dodgers freddy freeman fredward freeman 15 of 25 Dodgers great hit fredman freeman chemistry there You're gonna get you're gonna be at each other's throats two of the most No, okay, Caleb. Caleb and Cobb into the national together, dude. We play golf together Jay rod Yeah, the reds are boring, but at least they look kind of cool with like the black and red I agree the reds are boring too, but they're not bad. They're just like You like they're okay, but you could have done better for the reds I think the jersey could have been a little bit better the hat I like the text and like the red and black like look of like a lettering, but there's just not enough there Very happy with the hat Have a good one I do like I Padres have grown on me a little bit. It was a little busy. I thought in the beginning, but I'm okay with it now That's kind of how they should be though. I think yeah, they need to be more than yeah Got a petal onzo on the um, uh nucleus for the Mets Rice and stott. I think the marlins one goes a little unnoticed now because it was the second one to debut The third one to debut I mean super troopers is cool, but everyone knows super troopers. I like club dred.  Don't love them Red Sox ones are fine for me Like that that's a red Sox hat. I would nucleus kosh orber fillies Yeah, because it's like ucla right the hat is is like spot on ucla which kind of stinks, but like I get it That's the only complaint I have about the red Sox one One of my goals is to collect every single city connect that and I'm at one Brewer's I like brewers. I think I think I agree that the marlins have to go back to the uh To the old look they it's so like just permanently because it's It would probably be like the best uniform in baseball if they switched like not even kidding like the best uniform in baseball yeah It's still I mean it's still like just take like mlb the show.  What's the old logo the F with the marlin? Good god Jake Myers nucleus of alex bregman for the astros the breg the breg the bregman And I what what city can I attach should I get next? I'm believing it up to you What don't you what what do you have nationals? That's the only one that's the best one say suki It's crazy that theirs is like far and away the best uniform overall My refractor Matt Olson for the Braves Marlins and Hornets uniforms came out. It's hard to explain how popular they were.  You'll see like 200 white guys wearing that shirt Any given concert any day. Yeah Refractor Zach Wheeler Phillies The red marlins ones. I like the marlin city connect are good too. The around those.  They're like a top five for me the royals. I think is decent royals is good cups are All right They're not bad Blue adonis brewers to 99 I like the brewers, dude. I think the brewers kind of get swapped on a little bit I like the hat too Old school mariners is cool, but I like the new mariners Maybe I like a new but like like circa ichiro mariners. I like those a lot like the teal ones. Yeah rookie blue o'neill cruise One of 99 the first one pirates You guys think cruising cruising will be teammates launching orbit wonder franca o'neill cruise and uh dylan cruise I mean the pirates Should literally jack him over one of rubble will they Do they have number one pick? Yeah, I mean it is the pirates, so They did take kendry davis over Like five players Yeah, my even lighter the time was considered higher. It's not looking good now, but at the time Yeah, he needs he needs to get sent a little bit further down. He is not Doing so well fun to make fun of land It's crazy how it's turned out. I know that's weird anytime. He's like making funny Yankee.  The only reason they may not it's because the allocation rules. Yeah, because they're because they're Pittsburgh. They're a joke I wish north american sports had a relegation system supernova spencer torkelson Nice torque That is uh, those are Supposed to be a hundred copies of those Um, so that's what I assume is that's the one not hard numbered though jaren diran maguire Yankees without finish stripes. You like the gray Those are fine red youth invasion.  That's fire. That's going into mag Soto thanks iconic.  I might get that one next Yeah, no one still comes close to the nationals for me though. Like no, I agree There's good ones, but the nationals are just immaculate rookie nucleus. Tyler gilbert for the becks refractor austin riley When you'll cruise Yeah, I can agree with that though cubs kc brewers and the White socks. Does anybody else still have to release their city contracts this year? Are we done the a's? If they released them, I none of us would know right? Jeremy panya. I feel bad for like the Oakland a's like social media person Trying to hype things up They're not even like the word they're like they're gonna be what are they gonna be as bad as like one of those oracles teams were probably J rod launch and orbit j rod base I think it might be the a's this year. I think it might be Because who came out that your rangers red pirates in 23. That's right I have high hopes for the pirates. I do too I got high high hopes I want their hat to be really cool. I really want their hat to be high hopes comes high expectations high expectations comes, uh You don't get it right. It's it's kind of not gonna be good june 27th something to look forward to All right, I'm excited for that you refractor debt mers angels blued in 99 solar marlins After this year, we down to just 10 teams that don't release it or is it still 15? I don't know. It feels like we have like 20 by the end of the day is raised Yeah, they're I agree with the cards. They're better be rings on the hat. They're better be yeah If not, it's automatically an L All right last box. I'm ripping right here guys Chris, how many city connects are we down to now? It might be 50 days. Have a minus 16 run differential. Okay Now let's compare. What's the highest positive run differential at the MLB?  I don't know. What's the best positive run differential currently? Oh, this is gonna be bad res Yeah ranger city connects They're uh, I'm not a huge fan. I don't like them that much honestly I like the history to them, but I don't love the execution as much The color scheme it just isn't like I don't know It's not acceptable. I don't know plus 124 That's more than I thought Oh, because the braves released there. So I'm not a big fan of the braves Plus 124 good, dude And that's the other way around the a's are like 40 plus runs work worse.   So Did you be more nasty this coming first team chris is covered? Yeah, they're there It's tough, man. It's tough Have they won a series yet this year? I feel like they beat the angels in a series Yeah, I feel like they did They're like split a four game or something like that The rays are dropping fast because they're hurt nucleus had all this Garcia rangers. That's why the a's are dropping That's why the oil girls are closing in so quick Orioles are playing great, but the rays are also just like Have like two healthy pitchers now Like bear banks just came back adam is hurt now. I think Or no Bruhan rookie blue to 99 for the rays One two of three against kc. Okay. Well The nucleus 80 Martinez One series dub they're one in 20 in daycracker machado Padres One in 20 in day games So they need to play at night and they're not as terrible as what it sounds like Got a gold jared kelnic mariners that guy's the man right now 24 or 50 Old kelnic mariners I can't wait to end of the season. See y'all like the horrible sister's got the Oakland a's Super rookie super Juan yippies rookie super fractor cardinals St. Louis Brandon b high five Should I just keep doing four at things all night? Please now now was the last tax that I owe that'll open It's a walk off Cosmic supers are sick. No, uh, not the brag, but I did pull Vaughn the lcb super Kind of cosmic yep, not the brag not the brag But let me brag. Let me tell you what I did You want me to get Donnie in here? Is that what you want to say? Maybe I'm gonna put him in here. You'll be like Not funny. I wonder if Donnie's watching see if he comes in the room or if he's a coward Hunter green you out of your Molina Deep space hunter renfro red stock legend hunter Great card and I'll be the show now hunter renfro maddleson See one of the guys from like the april month or whatever. Yeah, uh april like he has like a 97 or something Rocket arm shane. I hate those cards so much. Yeah, they're so brutal Got a gold of uh, yuli guerrilla. Nice one. Therefore the astros 150 first one stamped Sandman music in the background the closer. Oh, yeah Blue jon carlo stan nice one there yankees two 99 Oh black ronald acuña jr supernova four of 10 there we go braves Third third supernova of the brick. I think it is Second it's at least the second least the second Do you have a recap? I have that one in the recap. I think there might have been one more I don't have like very early on. I swung there congrats braves. No, no, I think it was a torque I'll nag this one. That one's dope Cause it's so nasty. Oh my god. It's so good. Why this case is worth the wait It was nelson cruise refractor. That's a nationals nelson cruise. I literally thought you were gonna say nelson rada Yeah, 23 bowman got put in early Launched into orbit. There's a oniel cruise What's up? Uh, yeah, I throw a pack of them. They're uh They're back there if you want the the pro modes 35 Oh, okay. Gotcha. There should be down in uh, are those 55s down next to you? Gotcha. What's up, jonathan What up, jonathan three detmer's entertainment music So I'm saying dude should we just for the new for like refrigerating scandals should we just schedule us together? Yeah, let's do it. There's uh, clayton kershaw on the nucleus kyle and shawn together They would get along they would go really well together They would yeah, that'd be pretty funny I'm sure they'll be together in these warms. Yeah, oh for sure Uh drosh hater rocket arms. They're oh j rod rookie auto There we go mariners matthew a Congrats matthew. Good lord. Dude. This case is kind of insane actually This case is absolutely insane. You get that sleeved really quick good lord Talk about a great case getting even better Get my phone out of the way from florist there. There's uh, colton welker yee-haw I'm just gonna give yee in the hall on walker buehler rocking arms Start saying nonsense words I was doing a kung fu panda tag lines He was doing that the other day Oh, man He's now he's a real breaker. He's been lost it launching orbit like trout I spent too much time in the sun on the golf course dude. He had to chill out too much time staring at fortnight Verdugo j rod rookie Yeah, it's for as jeremy pain. Yeah, if you play the nobiles actually pretty easy Especially because you'll start at a pretty low level So like you're gonna go against like bots and like other Trash piles good warm-up time. Yeah, very good warm-up very good warm-up all 1v1 dillon easy Dillon and matt easy clap is that what the kids say easy clap gg easy gg easy We got the flawless herbert dual patch auto in the mail today. Let's go connor Conor Let's go connor Oh, man You can have to go previous sun previous sunday sunday sunday sunday sunday Doesn't work So just a disgrace Dobby was more tennis. Yeah, I saw that let's go dobby Blue bob refractor. Hey guys probably about 45 minute personal queue. So once this is done, we'll start at personals again So on soda nucleus Without light flickering What a fun time I'm ecstatic too much madness. That's the thing. Yeah too much monday night madness. Oh, we asked for I guess Yeah, what was the fits out of was that out of flawless the what what the lair of Fitzgerald 2020 flawless. Yeah, uh blue glad guerrero jr. 299 color match for the lujas I opened the case. I was like, don't be ticked. Don't be ticked. I was like covering up my hands Because he kept trying to love that one. Don't be ticked. Don't be ticked. Say Azizuki rookie Lorenzo came loco and jake burger Spencer trochelson rookie I've only missed like three though. That's not bad Yeah, what marifield refractor gabriel aria No, not this now because I was like one of box if we hit like a rookie. Oh, yeah wander rookie Oh Hendricks Griffin jacks Uh launch an orbit erin judge That's a red hot erin judge player of the week erin judge. How many homers did you have in how many games six and six at one point? I think seven and 11 and I don't being Gold rambucunia again. Nice one there. Dying for the braves to 50 16 50 Ernie clement bobby whip really well the braves did really well Very business. Well the gym brown was crazy. That was sweet. That was that was sweet. So they're over the case. It's like, oh Yeah, I saw that like when I saw that that was the first guy. I think that's the first guy you sent and I was like, that's awesome That's really awesome Rocket arms, uh, gyrical. I like how it works out like that. It's like if a legendary player passed away We've seen the auto somehow. I know Russell or something like you'll see right right Tim Anderson Like dude, that was one of the coolest. It's up dan dan the wiseman. What's up? That was one of the coolest pulls I've ever had was in that 2012. I'm act basketball The reggie lewis patch like two colored nasty game use reggie lewis Watch the orbit byron buckson cj abrams What up dan Mike trope I don't know if this is the answer. I would have to assume cosmic is gonna be back in 2023 Yeah, yeah cosmic and gilded probably coming back just based on they showed popularity Yeah, and reception was both received really well So another cutting some products out of the fold But I would have to imagine because cosmic was like 200 250 when it came out And it's over it's north of 600 Same with guilt was gilded when it came out No, dude. It wasn't even that That's up to what like 850 900,000 we were doing tiered 18 box case breaks on releasing. I know I remember that Two or three songs in the spot They're like 400 a spot unbelievable. It's like It's insane Bregman just a fair lander I'm wondering if they just didn't know what they had like, you know what I mean Probably yeah, because it's kind of hard to know how well received the products gonna be before it's Able to be received Yeah, we got hockey. We got art of hockey.  Hockey Uh, launch an orbit tautis Not even gordy howl could save the 22 23 boston bruins. Mm-hmm.  Yes, he caught the other day go to span the team blue sack with her to 99 for the fillies Can't hurt me anymore It's like ball of the celtics. I know he's just he's moved on. He's giving up. That's okay. It's okay to give up Some teams don't deserve support. Yeah Nucleus of uh, jorai palanca The twins right There'll be anthony a rendon Six hot last night that was like man.  We're all in the same team. How good that team would be That'd be insane Why doesn't we want to stay there?  Yep local legend is correct Washington orbit sammy sosa tray turner refractor We got you who's in the fridge too. Oh, man. You who's in cake. Oh, man. Dude. We're like Six graders. I like a sleepover. Like it's yeah, so we're like we're like got like a birthday party over birthday party thing There's nucleus tray turner stayed up to like three. I'm just like giggling and not going to sleep All right, we gotta go sleep And then someone says something like First thing out laughing It's the hardest to laugh when you're supposed to go to sleep and your parents can kind of hear you Or when you're in class. Oh my god, it's supposed to be silence. Dude. I'll never forget like There is this one time in 11th grade in my economics class. I was presenting a project with my two friends and this this class was like It was like class clown like Overhaul brian de la cruz because we had a bunch of seniors and it was second semester. So everybody was like checked out and some one of my buddy like one of my friends in In the audience like took on my other friend's computer and put like a inappropriate background And then like I saw his reaction and I had to like turn around mid presentation because I was like crying laughing too hard Got orange paul goldschmidt on the auto. Nice one there. That is gonna be 21 of 25 sweet Congrats on that. There you go Cardinals torque Um, it might be the last one. Yeah That's the fourth could be Usually it's 4k. That might be the last auto guys Not a bad one to end on if if if it is dreaming and torque that oranges Best first baseman in the nl There's wander franca joe musgroove another uh What was I gonna say another tops now legend Launch an orbit pilo anzo. What about that bat knob? Pilo anzo bat man. Oh, that was so sweet Walker veuler There's a gold injure ben and tendy benny biceps 250 for the royals. I've been nursing that mountain do out there America's semi-inn is bobby witt bobby white jr. How much longer would you think kory cluber is? I don't know probably like less than three weeks probably my buddy Text my one of my buddy huge red sox fan goes kory cluber might be the worst picture in history of anybody who has arms He's not that bad. Yeah, he's not very good. He needs to not be in major league Yeah, blue jaren duran. Nice one there to 99 for the red sox That's a pretty sweet duran. That's a nice duran Is he cool duran and jaren duran? He'd be on the same scene as duran duran. Obviously Haven't seen him side of yarl up, but sam and i were just talking about getting some fairy hawks hats. Yeah We do need some fairy hawk swag. Let me look that up real quick actually I don't think they're new era because it's independent league, but I think they're still the vloggers are dope if they're there I don't care. Uh a rod On the launch and orbit for the angst Set on fairy hawks. Let's see. We should go to a game. That'd be sweet Hosea Ramirez, do they have marvel superhero day meet spider man, dude. What it's like going universal watching a baseball game Shop, here we go. Here we go shocking meet spider man. That's a team blake signs with Dude, they have a stun Do they have times where they're called the gaba ghouls? Do they really look at this hoodie stun on gaba ghouls? With an italian home plate. Oh my god. That's fantastic That's that's beer beer barons All right two boxes left everybody here we go It's huge. What about naïve? Way on field flex fit hat. There you go. That's probably the one right? Has to be Fernando Taftish. Flex fit's tricky. That's like the only one though Stan. Flex fit soaring hot cap Sold out of course the cool one. Blue Jonathan India 2.99 for the reds. Yeah Mm-hmm Hunter green blake's a man. He's 40 kind of graffiti junior Mike Gundy, there's a legend still coaching. Yeah, true. Good lord Still doing whatever Mike Gundy does Carlos Correa Got socked a little in that Oh julio, maybe uh consider Swapping them out J rod consider it never getting rid of those socks At this point, I mean That's a quarter century There's O'Neill Cruz rookie gold marcus semian 250 for the Rangers Another guy who's like second MVP voting right now dudes on five. He is the American League of War Judge might be catch up now. Yeah Obviously Wait, don't they separate on tani's war like picture and like I think so It's the only way it makes sense, right? Let's judge this another 60 which you might I don't know. Yeah He's picked up the pace a little bit. Jeremy paying you a rookie. What's what's his pace right now? Do we know? Do not know It was at one point 162.  Yeah He's 150 He's only not he's only not hitting because he needs a day off here in there Do you know his powerhouse of the cell Uh, excuse me sir that it's a mitochondria. Oh, yeah, that's true I was trying to get the meme out too fast man man, I haven't had sit my coffee. I'm like Two and a half hours. So Yeah, I woke. I also went to bed at like 33 less. I woke up at eight. Oh, that's tough Yeah, I woke up it I went to bed at like two last night.  Yeah, because she we she flew out of sanford because she's flying into virginia beach And then I have two flights a week that go into virginia beach out of sanford and they're at like Monday and friday at like 4 30 a.m Ah, she's going to visit her parents her dad Jeremy uh, johan doran Oran Shohei, oh tani. There we go angels 23 of 25 Who was that that was uh matt h. Let's go matt. I know matt was in chat Matt in chat. Should I get shohei odani in here? Yeah matt in chat. There we go matt. Congrats, buddy Good job for matt matt and chat. Oh my god. It's all over the place here. Judd the stud fabian You have one for your day that people fail at tana Hey The doctor serious one Outstanding. I am yeah fair fair It was earlier on but it was boring earlier Oh, look at the new car Giving out some good cars. That's a lot of mags. This is like every case it costs. I know dude It's crazy to be honest the red youth invasion and the super pretty good. Yeah, those are awesome And then the black community black community is pretty cool. He's pretty good at baseball right now Yeah Nucleus yawning hernandez for the diamond backs him and shon murphy have the highest war in the national For bad guys kind of wild actually both on the same team. That's nuts Sean murphy just really good at deep ends too because his hitting stats are like good. Yeah, I think he's a great He also catches here in there. Yeah Actually, he's only a catcher because blue marker semi in What's up? We need to make sure that a is stopped trading with the graves. It's literally unfair dude. It's stupid Literally it is unfair Like let the other teams at least be able to make that trade nucleus friend and allow You're gonna send matt ols and for like posh and some guys that I know please Not even really get anything in return for Sean murphy like wilson treas went to milwaukee Stinger as someone says a stinger stinger It's kind of a hike for us too. Yeah a little bit It's a tad a little bit of a drive We'd have to make it like a work thing for us to both be able to go. Yeah Which maybe we can Blake is technically an employee True or was it some point? I'm watching orbit ronald a punyott jr. It wasn't just posh. It was other guys. But yeah, that was the main piece, right? I think so. Yeah. Now. He's like a filly's triple a guy. Uh, no one hornado 250 What's up next is personals personals last pack do a quick recap as well And base. All right Do a recap great case of cosmic great case of cosmic overall Pretty nutty.  Blue is marcus semian. These are all to 99 jonathan india jaren doran zack wheeler jon carlo stanton gladi jr. Vidal brujan horre solero neil cruz rookie willy adamus gary sanchez iloy amenez jt real muto Goldsta 50 nolyn arnato marcus semian intuban attendee ronda cunha jr. Yuli guerrilla jared kelnic mckelson No, orange is 25 ryan mount castle j cronenworth black to 10 kyle talker red to five is josh low we had supernova spencer torkelson Spencer torkelson auto orange paul guldschmidt the 25 auto orange freddy freeman a 25 auto is a great case dude. Oh my god when all when it's all said and done like There's a youth invasion of wander on the case hit We had a black ronald the cunha jr to 10 supernova. We had an orange shohai otani Ray wave to 25 for the angels. It's gonna be a j rod auto rookie auto for the mariners We had a youth invasion of red case hit to five of won soto and to finish this off one of one superfractor rookie won yippez For the cardinals that'll do it for the break guys. Thanks again for the fill up next. We've got personal


Okay. Hey, we're recording. Let me just do a brief intro. So this is sort of part of my informal Libertarian Answer Man series. So people ask me questions that I usually offer to help sometimes in on a phone call because it's quicker than email. And if I do it, I want to record it so other people can listen so I don't duplicate effort all the time. Anyway, so Shia, is that Shae? Yeah, Shae asked me a question. So I thought we would just talk about it here. I vaguely recall what it was about something about how contracts of sale can be valid for value if you don't own it something like that. So this will be KOL something I don't remember which episode it will be but so tell us a little bit about yourself so who are you where you're from. Sure. Yeah.  I work in mental health. I'm a therapist in private practice actually by profession before I went to grad school for mental health and psychology though I did my undergrad in like international studies and politics and things at LSU. You're alma mater, as I see your hat. In the poly side department or what department? Well, it was the interdisciplinary international studies major that they created. Well, I was there at least 10 years ago so they must have created that 15 or 20 years ago so you know it was aspects of political science, anthropology, like kind of all of the social sciences, but just was that guy, was that guy Ellis Sandals there then the guy that's a big Vogelin nut? Yeah, Vogelin was like a big deal there I don't think I took a class with that guy, but I know that Vogelin's long gone but it was Ellis Sandals was sort of his, his, his, his sort of follower and I think there. I think he wrote a book about him and then one of my law professors Robert Pascal, while he wasn't my professor but he was a friend who was a law professor. He was a huge Vogelin nut too. I didn't know that specific guy that you mentioned the guy who was kind of like a student of Vogelin I don't think I took a class with him but. I think it was like the head of the poly side apartment or something Ellis Sandals, but that might be in the old, maybe that may be from years ago. He may very well have been there like I said it was like an interdisciplinary interdisciplinary program I did so I was taking classes and a lot of different subjects and I took some political science classes but I wasn't in that department so it's kind of hopping around a lot. But yeah I picked up on like the Vogelin thing because I remember even in like the bookstore they had like a whole bunch of vogelin stuff and they're kind of trying to. Yeah, he's got like a he's got like a 3040 volume set of the collected works I've got three or four of them I've read some of them. What do you think of him I've never really actually got into got into his work. I think he's kind of compatible with what's our stuff but he's murky like Hayek or like, you know, Heidegger or something I mean he's he talks about Gnosticism uses all these weird made up terms. Yeah, I'd never got much out of him that I read the new science of politics closely and I got some nuggets out of it but I can't remember them so he's not a systematic thinker in the in the system that I'm interested in anyway but maybe someday I'll get back to it but. Do you live in Louisiana now still. Yeah, I live around Lafayette, I kind of moved around and live in some different places and ended up back over here. And yeah, so I'm doing tele therapy like for all my work now in this post COVID time, you know, well I got a good friend Anthony Anthony Sammer off who's here in Houston for a few weeks he's a he does tele therapy to. Yeah, I just saw him last night he was telling me all about it and he lives around the world and just does his work from wherever he is like Thailand or Costa Rica or Mexico. Or here or whatever. Right, right. Yeah, it is pretty cool, although it does bring up depending on the field you're in issues of like regulation and licensing between states and things like that. That's a whole another topic right there. Well, not everyone's life with that. Yeah, not everyone's licensed. Yeah, yeah, I know. And again that's a whole another topic, not too far off from issues of intellectual property and things, you know, obviously the same issue but still within the domain.  I would say I kind of lean libertarian, I wouldn't consider myself a full blown like Austrian devotee, although I've kind of dabbled in it more in the last couple years than anything else and more than I ever had that makes sense. I would say I was pretty standard like sort of left leaning kind of person just in my undergrad years a lot of the stuff actually that I got at LSU was your run of the mill kind of Marxist socialist stuff about yeah how like global capitalism was like you know is so and you know I had to read the Communist manifesto for one of my anthropology classes and all that kind of thing right so I'm always surprised I'm always surprised that people, these conservatives and libertarians who hate college, usually because they can afford it so they have to bash it. They bash all the elite schools in the Northeast like they're lefty and that you should send your kid to LSU like are some some Southern public state school. Right. And I'm like, what makes you think they're not lefty to they're all they're all hit by it I think pretty much. Yeah they are. They definitely are. I mean, for, for at least one reason which is that a lot of the professors are, you know, have gotten their PhDs at those schools right so this one particular professor I just mentioned God is, I think his PhD at Oxford so in that case it's England but pretty much in the same fold and I will say though you know it varies by discipline right so I remember one that really stood out was I had an American history professor who was clearly kind of more towards the conservative type, and I think that fits more with some, again some disciplines maybe some historians, especially in an American history guy, although that can go the other way you can have you can have some really far left American history people. True. Yeah I had a really conservative one there John Colbertson. My computer. I always forget to turn everything on don't disturb. Yeah, and if I don't someone's gonna freaking call me. Move this one. Okay. I was in engineering so it wasn't corrupt. I don't know if it is now but it wasn't political at all even law school at LSU was was not that political except the politics embedded in the law the legal doctrines themselves but yeah. Do you think that do you think law professors, do you think law professors in general have a kind of political bias like just overall on average. I think so. But it's a pragmatic discipline so a lot of them are just pragmatic and, but I don't know how to compare I mean it's been 30 years since I've been so I don't know how they are now. Yeah. So how did you end up following my comments or whatever made you, if you're not really that into it are you just following libertarians to some degree or something or what. To some degree, just kind of read a lot online in the area you know just consuming a lot of the content out there on YouTube and elsewhere and again just always been very interested in political philosophy political theory. I started to get really heavily into issues around intellectual property recently, which I know will dive into today. And just trying to really kind of figure out the dynamics there there's some confusing issues and obviously that's something that you have really kind of made, you know, a specialization, you know, perhaps among other things that you've worked on. Okay, so tell me tell me what you're kind of tell me what your questions are and I'll be happy to try to field them. Okay, so first you, you know, I think you give a lot of really good arguments and rationale behind the anti IP position in general. And we can dive into that, if you'd like. But the point at which I kind of came to you and started to ask some questions was kind of assuming that that's the case. In other words, assuming that we're going to say that intellectual property is non starter that you can't have property and information. Then my, my question was, is it okay quote unquote I guess according to some libertarian principles or moral principles that we may agree on to sell information. So it was that kind of issue like right between selling and if you can't own it how can you sell it so one of the things you gave me and the information you shared with me is an article that literally goes directly to that issue which is where you make the point, quoting others who have talked about this issue where ownership and being able to sell something or they're not necessarily linked they're distinct right so you can. Yeah, you can just because you can sell something doesn't mean you own it and vice versa, and there's examples within that domain that you kind of flesh out and highlight to make that point. Well and it depends on what you mean so here's where precision and definitions is necessary because it depends on what you mean by sell. So if by sell you mean transfer the title to an owned resource then you can't sell an idea. But if you just mean something different, you can and I'll go into that and I think what most people mean is the second meaning, which is an economic or descriptive meaning. What they really just mean is they're explaining why you did something. When we when we look at human action and this means is, we always characterize every action as the person is aiming at some end goal. Some, so he has some purpose he's trying to achieve some end result. That's the end of his action, and he uses some means to achieve that. So, when we see him behaving. We assume he's acting because he's like us and acting and behaving or different behaving it's just his motions acting means we assume he has a mentality and a consciousness and he has an internal purpose. So we observe his behavior and we infer from that, knowing how we act, we make some inferences about the characterization of his action so if someone hands a dollar to someone for a newspaper. Because we've done that we assume he's not just in a sleepwalking or in a coma or a robot we assume he's doing it. And his purpose is to get the newspaper. Now it could be that he's playing some game where he's really trying to, to trick the guy or play a practical joke but you know we have to make assumptions. So we characterize people's actions by assuming what the purpose is. And when we do that we're just explaining what they're doing. So if I, if I hand you a dollar for a newspaper. We would say it seems like the reason the guy gave the dollar was to obtain the newspaper so the end of his action was to obtain the newspaper. Right, but the thing is not, not every end of an action is the acquisition of an ownable thing. In fact I would say that's only a tiny subset of all actions. So every action has some end goal, some something you're trying to achieve, which just means you're trying to change the future universe from the way it would otherwise be. So in a sense, every action is the action of a mini God, we're like little creators trying to create a new universe. That is we're trying to create a universe in the future that would be different than the one that would, that would occur if we didn't intervene, and we intervene by causally affecting it by employing causally efficacious means. Sometimes you want to obtain the possession of something so for example, Crusoe on his island, there's no such thing as ownership or rights because there's no other people and rights and ownership or social relationships. So he just wants to possess so if he wants a fish because he's hungry. He imagines a future where he's going to be hungry or hungrier than he is. And that, that idea fills him with what it's Mises call it. He got a word not dissatisfaction but I'll think of it in a second it's a classic word Mises uses like it's a psychological motivation to act when you imagine something and oh it makes you uneasy. So because you're uneasy about the future that you envision that's coming, you want to intervene and try to change it. So you want to possess a fish so you can feed yourself so you go about you know getting a net or getting a spear, or something like that, and catching the fish that's your means right does that make sense so far. Yes, it does. In that case you wanted to possess a fish. In another case you might want to relax at the end of the day's work. This is Crusoe again by himself and you just you might want to just climb up on the on the hill and see the sunset.  In both cases you achieve a profit, a psychic profit, because you achieve what you wanted to achieve and you've made the world better than it would have been from your subjective point of view. In one case the object of your action was to to possess an object that you can use in the other case it was to just experience something that you wanted to experience like seeing the sunset. Okay. That makes sense. Yes. When we come to other people you have economic exchange now I'm not talking legal exchange is economic exchange just means you're you're trading something that you have for something else that you prefer. And just like in the fish or the sunset example sometimes the goal of your action is an experience or a state of affairs. Sometimes it's the acquisition of an object that you can possess and use and control right so I might give you an apple for your orange because the goal of my action is to acquire the possession of an orange, right. Or I might give you an apple to get you to smile at me. In both cases, I'm, I'm giving the app, the, the apple, or the orange to induce you to do something. Okay, in one case is to induce you to give me something that you control. And the other case is to give for you to do something perform an action that I want you to perform. Okay, right. Now, when we come to a more sophisticated society where there's not just people who trade but there's also legal norms that arise that protect the rights in these things, because if I possess an apple or an orange. It's always at risk of being stolen from me by other people.  So property rights arise to give total just a second. It's telling my nanny to go. Okay, so property rights arise to give you extra security in the possession of something by giving you a legal right to it that's what ownership is ownership is the legal right to control a resource so it's distinct from possession is the capacity or ability to use it or control it, which Robinson Crusoe has, and which we have in society, but we have ownership, in addition to that to give us even more security of using it and that allows us to, you can do longer range plans with it, so you have longer range production processes which makes us richer. And you know, makes everyone better off. It allows us to trade and cooperate peacefully, instead of having fights with each other which is also inefficient and unpleasant. In that context, an exchange has a legal meaning to so it means that in a simple example of a contemporaneous exchange of two owned objects like I own my apple, you own your orange because I keep switching my objects but you get the idea. Yeah, because we have property rules that are widely respected in society where people respect these property assignments. Because I picked the apple and you picked your orange so we each own them. And so we can exchange them economically that like an economically just means it's the explanation of why we did it. Right, it's just a characterization of the means and the ends that we employ, but legally, the titles transfer as well. So I give you the, which one do I have the apple or the orange. Let's pick one. I've got the orange. I think that I think that's how you started with the alright, I've got my orange and I transfer the title of it to you in exchange for you. When I say in exchange for legally that means I make it conditional upon you doing something so I hand you possession of it, and I give you ownership conditional upon you doing something else which is you giving yours to me. And that's a contract. That's what contract is. Contract is the owner transferring the title to it, the legal ownership of it to someone else. So in those kind of exchanges, there are legal exchanges. So there's a two way transfer of title. My orange now is owned by you and your apple is now owned by me and it's the same time the possession usually transfers to it doesn't have to be that could be distinct. You and I can make a contract where like you're in one town and I'm in another town and we can be on the phone and we can make a deal.  So when the deal was done, the ownership has been transferred but now we're each in possession of each other's property. So now we have to go find each other and make the physical exchange. Okay, so there could be a moment of time where ownership and possession are not the same thing, which is the same thing for example if you loan someone something like if you bar if you rent a car from Hertz or Avis. You have the ability to use the car temporarily and for certain limited uses. Yeah, but they still own it and you have to give it back at the end of the of the of the lease term right. Yeah, that makes sense I was actually about to ask you is that equivalent to say like a landlord and a tenant, just in a home. Yes, it is.  You can think of that as a contract and that's called license that's what license means license just means permission everyone calls talks about like a software license but license just means permission and permission presupposes you're the owner because if you're not the owner of the resource that the that the licensee or the permit T is using then they wouldn't need your permission they only need your permission because you're the owner. Okay, so contract and license and permission and invitations all and consent all that are secondary principles that that rest upon the more fundamental principle of property property means and property in a sense rests upon possession. So possession is the is the physical act property is the legal right. I'm sorry possession is the is the is the actual capacity to control and possess and user resource to employ it and property is the legal right to protects that and then contract would be the exercise by the owner of the property resource he owns to either deny permission or grant permission or license to other people or to transfer it all together in the terms of a not a temporary loan like a car or a lease. But, but an outright transfer like the apple and orange case right yeah, yeah, and it can be it can be unconditional or it can be conditional. It can only be unconditional if it's simultaneous and contemporaneous and that is right now, because if it's if it's done in the future it's always conditional, because the future's uncertain. So even if I say. So usually it's conditional upon some other action, unless it's a donation or a gift. So, if I give you the apple, I'm giving it to you on condition that you give me the orange or sorry by first, if I give you the orange is conditioned upon you giving me a real apple that's not rotten not a plastic apple. And not withholding the apple right, so there's a condition there, I could give it to you unconditionally I could say I hereby give you an orange in 10 minutes, just as a gift. Now that's a contract and it's enforceable, but it's still conditional because the orange might not exist in 10 minutes something might happen in between now and then. So, every future contract is always conditional. Which is why it's not fraudulent if you fail to fulfill a future contract it's just it's brief is maybe what you call breach but it's not necessarily fraudulent.  Right, or something but if you fail to deliver on a contract in the future that's never fraud people confuse that one too. Okay, so if you don't if you don't pay back debts in the future. That's not fraud. It's not theft either is simply. And if you if you if you understand contracts, not according to the standard conventional legal sense and the economic sense prevalent today which is that contracts give rise to legally enforceable or binding obligations. So, if I promise to give you an orange in 10 minutes and then I fail to do so. I mean let's say I'm going to drive. I promise to do it I'm going to drive by the store and buy it and give it to you. But I go to the store and they're out of oranges, so I can't fulfill the law right now would view that as a breach of contract. And when there's a breach that means I owe you consequential damages.  So Rothbard and I would look at it is a contracts are only what I described earlier, they're the exercise of the power to consent or exclude others, or to transfer ownership by the owner. So all contracts are really just transfers of title to things that you own. So, but if I'm transferring title now to a future orange that's uncertain and necessarily conditional on the orange existing. So if it doesn't exist when I'm supposed to transfer to you. There's nothing to steal. So it can be theft with orange just doesn't exist. Right, the orange in my possession. So the orange in my ownership has to exist for me to transfer to you. But if I don't have it, then I can't steal it. So, yes, that clears up the that clears up the debtors prison issue. Now what would happen is, what would happen is you'd have an ancillary, an ancillary title transfer which would be that I owe you money. I owe you monetary damages, equal to the value of the orange. As soon as I come into it into possession of it or something like that or ownership of it. So you would have you couldn't get out of a debt by just being bankrupt on the day you owe it. The debt would accrue with interest or something like that because that's what most people would agree to. Right, but that would still be just a title transfer to an owned thing, and a future thing that's uncertain. So you may never get paid back because the guy never make, he may be dead before the contract happens, you know, before the transfer happens. So in any case, we call that an exchange because it is it's it's it's both an economic exchange. In other words, both parties did something for a certain reason to obtain something they want. And that the end of that happened to be the possession and ownership of an owned thing. And that's legally called an exchange to. But if I pay you to induce you to do something else like to perform an action, which some people might call labor but labor is just a subset of action because action is leisure and labor it's like two types of action right so let's just say action. So I pay you money, or I agree to pay you money in the future or I pay it to you now either way. And I do that to induce you to do something. Now that's the economic description of it. Okay.  And you're engaging in this action which is labor to you it's just a disutility. Yes, otherwise you would do it without me inducing you to do it, right, you're doing that to get ownership and possession of the orange. So that's the explanation of our actions so economically it's an exchange. And by analogy we call that a sale or an exchange in the law, but it's really not. We're basically fitting into the same category because it looks the same, but it's really a one way transfer of title instead of a two way, because what happens is I'm giving you ownership of my orange, and you're performing an action.   Right. So, we call it a sale of labor because that's a way to describe the economic side of it. And it leads to confusion because then people start saying something like well in a normal, in a normal exchange of two objects like an orange and an apple. We call it an exchange or we call it a sale like you're selling your apple to me for my orange I'm selling my orange to you for your apple. It does imply a title transfer to it implies that we each own those things. So then when we use loose language and we say well if I, if I pay you my orange to get you to labor for me, we can call it you sold your labor and I sold my orange. And then people naturally assume well, if you sell something you must own it. Right, but you can see you don't you don't own it actually. Right, right. Does that all make sense. It does you said earlier that one thing that stood out was labor. First of all labor is just a subset of action. Yeah, leisure and labor is how economics sub sub divides it. And then it's not like it's not like consumption goods and production goods. We don't want production goods for themselves we want them because they help us get consumption goods which we consume and we enjoy. So leisure is labor is more like the consumption more like a production good and leisure is more like consumption good leisure something you do for its own sake. So for the enjoyment of living labor something you do that you have to do that somewhat unpleasant in order to be able to have leisure at some points or to survive or to get something you want. Right. And another thing to hear that I think is important is how you, you highlighted how to a to obtain ownership of something is only also a subset of human action, you can also do things in order to say, obtain or have an experience. You aren't gaining ownership and anything by seeing the sunset, but you, you know, use means to the end in your actions to maybe see a sunset. So, or if I if I pay someone to fly me somewhere. Right, right, right. I'm paying them the flight I don't own the flight. I mean, it just gets me to where I want to go or if I pay someone to take me skydiving. At the end of it, I have some memories as a photographs, but I didn't I didn't buy an object. I just paid them to. So, I'd say the general way to look at it is every action aims at an end and in state of affairs, which really means a different universe. And one subset of that universe is that I am in possession of an object, or an ownership of an object, but that's only one subset of the sets of ends that we pursue. And lots of ends are not catalytic or commercial.  Right. You can't really earn that in a certain different way. But you can even characterize that economically as an exchange, I guess. But then you start getting further and further field. Yep. Yeah. Okay, so you say that when information is sold. That amounts to a kind of a one way title contract. It's exactly it's exactly like the sale of an action or the sale of an action or labor because you're really asking someone to perform an action and that is to provide you with some data. Right. They're telling you something or they're giving you something. They're performing an action that transmits data to you that satisfies you or they're giving you. They're giving you some substrate or some medium that is in pattern in a certain way like they might hand you a book, or they may teach you how to how to speak German. Yeah, so they spend their time teaching you how to speak German, or they might tell you the secrets to quantum physics so they're giving you information that they took a long time to learn, so they're teaching you something. Right. But it's really just it's really just an action. You're trying to induce them to engage in an action. Right. Okay, so currently right now I'm actually and this is one of the reasons why I was wondering a lot about these topics is, I'm creating an online course. I'll be putting it out probably within the next couple weeks. So I think this is a good example for us to use and to see how some of these issues intertwine with it. Now, this is something I'm actually doing. It's not just hypothetical. And when I say course that might be misleading nowadays course online oftentimes means just like a prepackaged thing it doesn't necessarily mean course like I'm not going to be interacting with anyone who purchases this in a sense of I'm not going to be teaching them. I'm not going to be teaching them as you would one on one it's sort of all the information that I know on this topic I put it in audio and video and I'm going to I want to sell it online. Okay, now. If let me let me let me step back one second and say a couple things I just realized I might have to go at about 10 or 15 minutes. Okay, we're not done we can pick it up a second time. I think people always say can sell a how can you, how can you say that you don't the copyrights bad, because you sell books. And isn't that the others they think that you have to have a copyright to sell a book. Right. Of course you don't. It just means you can't stop other people from selling a similar book you can always sell a book you don't need copyright. Copyright is not permission to do something it's just a way to stop other people from doing something. Right. And you can also have contracts so so go ahead. Yeah, that makes sense. So, in the case of this course that I'm going to put online. And let's say that I agree with you about intellectual property so I don't demand any like IP or copyright on this course, which I probably won't do now I know, as an aside the law assumes copyright from my understanding you have a copyright well, you have a copyright in any original work that you fix in the tangible medium of expression so something that you write down or that you record. You don't have a copyright if you just talk to people because that's ephemeral disappears, right has to be fixed. Now if you made a recording of it, or if you hand out some notes people you have a copyright in that. Okay, this is not whether you copyright it or not you do have a copyright. And I wouldn't I also wouldn't say that all my theories mean that you should never enforce your copyright. That's a moral issue. Yeah. In today's I just say the laws and you shouldn't have that law the law shouldn't exist but how you, how you respond and operate within a legal system that's corrupt is a different issue. Right. Now let's assume there was no IP in the law. Yeah, and that's a better way. Yeah, and I just put this out there morally and economically I would hope that people don't copy it and give it away for free. But correct, I would only hope that on those grounds, I don't demand that there's a law that makes it illegal for them to do so. That's the. So, so, so, so I think what so like Tom Woods has that so and other people I like I pay extra money to get access to some of the things which they don't they don't provide to outsiders. Some of their users could easily copy it start pirating it. Right. You know the thing is, even if they do that they're going to look like assholes and third of all, a second of all, it's just not that useful to outsiders because they kind of want the package to experience right easily so it's still not going to be that. It's not going to hurt them that much but that is a risk of doing something where your, your business model depends upon something that's easily copyable. The way that what you want to do is have as the seller, or as the provider of a service, if trying to prevent the easy leaking of your proprietary information is important to your business model. You have to do it in a certain way that it's not easy for people to take it and put it on the internet. So one model is to pay wall right to make it a little bit more difficult but then the more you do that the more you annoy your customers who are actually paying you. Right. You could also have a contract with all those people where they all agree not to copy it. And if they do they owe you some penalty some fine, but, but the problem with that is, either the, either the fine is small or it's large. If it's small, it's not going to really just like if it's $10, one of your, one of your, one of your customers might just take it and put it on the internet and pay the $10 fine and now your information is public domain. So the only way to stop that is to have a very high fine, but who's going to pay you $35 for, you know, $10 for a book or $50 for a course, if they're signing up for a potential million dollars in liability. Right, right. So it just is not a business. So if you did that like if Amazon tried to try to make in a copyright free world if a book seller or an author or a publisher, or Amazon tried to make a customer agree to millions of dollars of potential damages. If they use or learn or copy this work too much, right, that they're paying $10 for, they're just going to say screw you, I'm going to go get a pirated copy. Right, right. So you're just as a practical matter. I don't think you can, you can really restrict your customers too much because these are the people that are actually paying you. Most people are pirating it.  I mean, you can't do it. Right. I just think it's with informational services, it's just unavoidable. Now, if you think about it, why do we hire professors and teachers to teach us? Everything they're teaching us is in textbooks. It's public domain basically, but you hire them because they have a skill at presenting information. So you're really usually paying them to perform a service. You know, like if I pay a juggler to juggle in front of me, I could go watch a video of someone juggling or I could learn to juggle but I want to pay to watch him do it. He's learned how to do it. He's going to entertain me. Right. So anyway, go ahead. Yeah, yeah, that makes sense. So you wouldn't, you wouldn't oppose either one pragmatic restrictions in the sense like you put some kind of difficult like fidgeting digitally and that kind of thing. Absolutely not. Tom Woods does that. I think is nothing immoral or unethical or wrong about it whatsoever. It's if you're doing it for a profit. Now if you're doing it for nonprofit like I do like writing libertarian stuff. The whole purpose is to spread the message so I think it's silly is silly to try to put it behind paywalls because you're not doing this for money anyway, you know, Right, right. But that would be a different goal.  So free makes sense. But if you are trying to do it for profit to have these pragmatic constraints, it is still kind of odd to think that you can put some of these restrictions on it, even though you don't own it. But again, we can keep that distinct. It doesn't, you don't have to own it. But not, but not really so it's really exactly like you own your body so you have the ability to be lazy and not to do what I want you to do so because you own your body. You don't have to do what I want you to do so I have to induce you to do it. Even though you don't own those subsequent actions. You own your body. So subsequent actions. Action is what you do with your body, right? It's just a motion you perform. So if you say you own your actions or your labor, you're double counting because you're saying you own your body and you do what you do with it.  You see what I mean? Yeah, it's like, it's like, you don't own your car and the ability to use it. I mean, owning your car is giving you the right to use it. I see what you mean. So you wouldn't. So again, you wouldn't oppose either one those pragmatic restrictions on it nor to some even a contract even a contract. I just I just think I just think practically economically it's probably not strategically wise because it can induce your potential buyers to essentially avoid that it's annoying or the risk is too high for them to take on and they're actually might induce them actually to go towards pirated or free information. Correct. So I think really it's better to rely upon reputational issues like you have a close knit community they don't want to they don't want to screw you over just like people give to Patreon now to support people that are producing. They don't want to ruin them.  Right, right. Well that was my intuition though and that kind of like reinforces that that a strategy essentially in this context would be to rely on reputation and essentially the good will of the potential buyers. Correct. I do have to go now I've got to take my kid to get a COVID shot which is going to annoy all my libertarian listeners but Yeah, we can pick it up later if there's more but I think that kind of covers most of it but once you think about it and talk to me later and let me know if there's more you want to talk about I'd be happy to do talk to you more. Okay great sounds good this was fun thanks for doing it. Thanks Shay. All right, bye.


My name is Fabio Silva and I am a farmers' agent. We started the agency back in 2018 when farmers opened up to Florida and at the beginning we were just like three people in the office making the sales, making the coats and all but we didn't have any process in place. I was looking for some sales training related to insurance because there was a new field for me at that time and I had no sales insurance sales experience prior to that. So the thing is I find Vlad through Facebook. I signed up with the training with him online at first. Before Vlad I had no sales experience and we were writing about like $25,000 in three sales personings within the agency. After Vlad we've been writing about like one agent in his third month. He's writing like $50,000 in premium. Another agent that just started that we just hired like two months ago she's going to finish it off her second folio right now and she's already on the $30,000 mark as of today so I believe we still have another week to go and she will hit the $40,000 mark. For agents who are considering taking the training I cannot stress enough like don't waste any more time because every time every day that passes is like the number of policies that you're getting right. If you guys have the time take it and if you don't have the time make time because this class this course it will change the way you see your agency from the inside out. I was very skeptical but after trying a couple times I could not be more happy about it.


The thing for better living through chemistry is that's the Cavalcade of America, starring Edward Arnold. Good evening. This is Edward Arnold. And our story under the font Cavalcade is set in the year 1835. And I play the part of a man named Elephora Terry, who lived in Hartford, Connecticut. Now the year 1835 brought many decisions, and among them my daughter Sarah's decision that young Edward Carrington would make a perfect husband. Let me take a look at you. Hello. Oh, Sarah, really. Oh, Jesus. Oh, dear. What? Your boots are dusty. Naturally, I've been walking. But I want you to make a perfect impression on Father. Father is very particular about his appearance, and you'll expect the same from his son-in-law. Well, I think I should see him at home this evening. No, I should say not. Father is in town today. I'm kind of a meeting at Cousin Nathaniel's insurance office. We'll go right down there now. Sarah, you just don't walk in on a man during a business conference and ask him to marry his daughter. It's... Well, just isn't done.  If you put it off until this evening, then this evening you'll find another excuse to wait until tomorrow and then tomorrow after that. Now you know what Hamlet said. If it went down, when it is down, then to where it would end quickly. That wasn't Hamlet, it was Macbeth. Oh. I was just talking of doing something simple, a mere assassination. This is a lot more difficult. This takes finesse. Morning, Miss Sharon. And how are you today? Oh, terribly well. Oh, uh, this is Mr. Edward Carrington. How do you do? Like I just said, terribly well. Mr. Bradley, is my father in with Cousin Nathaniel? Yes. Do you think he'll be long? Uh, maybe yes, maybe no. It's hard to say. Board of directors meet and go and out in the other office. Very important. Oh, then of course we wouldn't dream of disturbing him.  I am not. You are too. Isn't he, Mr. Bradley? It appears like he's squirming, all right? You see. But, Sarah Ann, I was only going to... Goose liver. I'm not a goose liver.  Isn't he, Mr. Bradley? Can't say. Never see the goose liver act. That's the right comical statement, Mr. Carrington. Ain't you gonna laugh? Ha-ha. Ain't much up on his appreciation of humorous witticism. Yes, he missed, Sarah Ann. Oh, it seems like the meeting is breaking up now. Oh, good. Father should be coming out. Sarah Ann. Good morning, Cousin Nathaniel. Is father here? Yes, he is. Bradley, pack up my papers and other personal belongings. I'll have Johnson pick them up tomorrow. Yes. Yes, but, Sarah Ann, please be good enough to remember me to your mother. Good morning. Oh, good morning, Cousin Nathaniel. Goodbye, eh, Bradley? Well, I'll be home tomorrow. Hmm. Oh, father. Is that you, Sarah Ann? Come on in. Come on in. Yes, father. Come on in. All right. Aren't coming. Sarah Ann, what a nice surprise. Father, what are you doing at Cousin Nathaniel's desk? Well, this is my desk now. Oh, hello, Edward, my boy. Your desk? That's right. Congratulations, father, my dear. The directors have just elected me president of the Heartford Fire Insurance Company. Oh, father, how wonderful. Congratulations, Sarah. Thank you. I'd like to speak. Oh, that's me. That's why Cousin Nathaniel walked out growling like a bear. Did he growl? He did. Well, he'll get over it. After all, there wasn't anything personal in it. The directors felt that Cousin Nathaniel was too busy with politics and other affairs, and so they decided to relieve him of the responsibility of running our fire insurance company. Father, Edward here. This company has been running to the ground. It's been neglected. It's lost money for the past six years running. Mr. Terry, I'm here today. Someone had to bring them out of the meeting, and I felt it was my responsibility. Of course, Cousin Nathaniel didn't like it a bit coming from me. Especially, you know, the poor relation, the owner of a grocery store. But the directors felt that change was necessary. They asked me what ought to be done, and I told them. I thought we'd never get anywhere unless we set up some method of investigating a property before we insured it. Until we had some standard scale of rate. Until we had reliable representatives in other cities. What did Cousin Nathaniel say to that?  But he couldn't deny what I said, not a word. Then we had a vote, and, well, oh, tell me, how do I look behind this desk? Wonderful. Yes, sir, fine. I do, huh? Yes, sir. That's good.  I want to marry your daughter. Well... Well? Young man. My congratulations. Oh, thank you, sir. Thank you. Jesus, we're both starting on a new career today, sir. I'm so happy. Edward, my boy, have you decided on the wedding day? Oh, well, sir, we hadn't... Yes, in December, the middle of December. A wedding in the snow with sleigh bells and church bells and a whole world tinkering. Oh, won't it be wonderful, father? I plan to put up a little house on some property I own just outside Hartford. Oh, a frame dwelling? I think so. How many rooms? Four, I think. A kitchen, dining room, parlor, and sleeping quarters. I see. Do you have the plans yet, Edward? I'd like to see them. Oh, father, how wonderful of you. You're going to furnish the house for us as a wedding present? Furnish the house? The devil, I will. Why do you want to know all the details? Well, it's the fire insurance policy. Here, Edward, my boy, sign this form right here, will you? And I'll fill the details in later. You're my first client. Sara, please. Oh, hot. Uh-uh, father? Yes, sir. Father, here is cousin Nathaniel. Oh, Nathaniel? Elephorette? Don't stand there glaring at each other. I won't have it. This is my wedding. Shake hands, both of you. Go on. Oh, go on. I'm glad you came, Nathaniel. Yes, sir. Father, here is cousin Nathaniel. Oh, Nathaniel? Elephorette? Don't stand there glaring at each other. I won't have it. This is my wedding. Shake hands, both of you. Go on. You came, Nathaniel. Yes, sir. It's a very nice party, cousin Elephorette. My felicitations. Oh, good. Now, don't start barking at each other the minute I turn my back. I've got to see after the rest of my guests. You go ahead, sir. Nathaniel, I promise to behave. All right. But I'll be watching. Well, Nathaniel? Well, Elephorette? I hope you plan to attend our next directors meeting. I hardly think my presence is necessary. Well, we're planning to announce a dividend. Oh, nothing very large. Just a dollar or so, share. But it'll be the first in six years. Yes. You know, we've been pretty lucky these last six months. Business has gone up a bit and our losses have been relatively small. But you know, I've learned something, cousin Nathaniel. I've presumed you would. Yes. I've discovered that an old grocery store adage fits the insurance business to a T. We always used to say that it wasn't smart to put all your eggs in one basket. That goes double for insurance. Nathaniel, insurance underwriting won't add up to a hill of beans until companies learn to spread their risk. Diversify, spread out across the country so that policyholders aren't concentrated in one city. And how do you propose to spread our company so neatly? By getting the best agents I can find, paying good commissions. You won't find it easy, cousin Liffelette. Local businessmen like to place their insurance with local funds. Not necessarily. Look at us. A large percentage of our coverage is in New York City. A very large percentage. Too large sometimes, I think. Oh, will you pardon me, cousin Nathaniel? A late guest. I must do the honors. You don't have to. Oh, thank you. Oh, excuse me, please. How are you, Mr. Trumbull? I'm glad to see you. Thank you. It's nice of you to come. I'm sure. I'm sorry to disturb you like this, Mr. Terry. Ellsworth, come inside. Come in. Come in, sir. Good Lord. You look half frozen. I'm all right, sir. Oh, if you rest yourselves with our New York agent. I've been riding two days, sir. No stopping. What happened? Fire. Fire. Nothing like it before. Terrible. The whole downtown of New York City, a mass of flames, not a building standing. The place is in a panic. The local fire insurance companies have given up the ghost. They can't pay off. No. But our policyholders came down on me. They were begging, pleading, wanting to know if Hartford was going under two. I didn't know what to tell them, so I came. I came as fast as I could. Well, have you any idea of the extent of our liability? No, sir. Most of the records are here in Hartford. But it's big. Very big, sir. I'd say we're 100,000 down at least. No. Trumbull. Yes, sir. How does Hartford Bank stand on this matter? Well, I can't just say offhand. I've got to speak to my director. There's no time for that. I want an unlimited letter of credit. Unlimited? That's what I said. Don't look so shocked. I'll stake all I have as collateral. Is it good enough? Well, I've known you all my life, a little bit. That's good enough for me. Sarah Dowling, you will forgive me. Won't you? Are you going to New York City? Yes, of course.  And we'll take our records with us. I don't know if we can. But if we can, every policyholder will be paid off to the last penny and in cash. You are listening to the DuPont Cavalcade starring Edward Arnold as the Liffelope Terry, sponsored by the DuPont Company, makers of better things for better living through chemistry. Among the DuPont Company's better things for better living through chemistry are coated fabrics. Made into finished articles by other manufacturers, they serve you in hundreds of ways. Some of the better known uses are for upholstery, washable window shades, and luggage. Another use is in bookbindings. For many years, DuPont has manufactured two bookbinding materials. DuPont Fabricoid peroxilin coated fabrics and PX peroxilin impregnated cloth. Some of the books in your own library are probably bound in one of these coated fabrics. Attractive appearance, bright, durable, cleanable colors, ability to stand years of rough handling and economy. These are some of the benefits many publishers pass on to you by using Fabricoid and PX cloth. Two of the DuPont Company's better things for better living through chemistry. Now we continue our DuPont play starring Edward Arnold as the Liffelope Terry. His firm on the verge of bankruptcy as a result of the great New York City fire of 1835, a Liffelope Terry, president of the Hartford Fire Insurance Company, and James G. Bowles, his secretary, rides through a blizzard to reach the scene of the tragedy. Are you sure we're on the right road, Bowles? Doesn't look right to me. Yes, the right road. All right, Mr. Terry, what there is of it. You know, the snow seems to be letting up a bit. Yes, it does. There's a slay coming up this way. Oh, well, oh, yes, I see it. Well, let's stop him just to make sure. All right, whatever you say. Whoa. Whoa, boys. Easy. Easy there. Whoa. Hey, uh, Holland, will you stop him, or will you please stop it? Whoa, whoa. Tell me, is this the right road to New York City? Yeah, about two miles down, take the left fork at the graveyard. That'll take you to the ferry. Thank you. Set the taint running. What's the matter? Oh, rivers froze over. I got across last night just before it happened, but she froze now. You come from New York? Yeah. Left two nights ago. You hear about the fire? Yes, how bad is it? Oh, I don't expect to see anything like it again until I pay my respects to Lucifer in person. Some says the damage will be nigh on 17 million. Great. All cities ruined. Business just ain't. There's looting and robbing of what's left, and precious little is left. You can take my word. Thank you. You going to New York? Yes, we're from the Hartford Fire Insurance Company. Fire Insurance? Mm-hmm. Listen to me, stranger.  One thing that ain't popular in New York right now is fire insurance companies. Because they all went bust. You put your face in New York, and they'll have you hanging from a tree within the hour. That's for sure. Thanks. You going anyway? Going anyway. Get up, horse. You're just wasting a good sense on plain darn fools.  Now there's the ferry. There it is. Oh, boy. Oh. Look at it too cheerful. Oh, James, what do you think? That ice looks mighty thin to me. You want a chance at it? There's no other way of getting across. No. Let's try. All right. Come on.  Get up, boy. Come on. Move. Come on. Easy now. Easy there. All right. All right. All right. We'll walk the zedging out. Now then, lay on yourself fast. Fast it is. All right. Come on. Get up there.  Come on. Get going. It's holding. It's holding. So far it is. So far. Up. Come on. Come on. Well, it's been ice we're on, but we'll make it. We'll get across. Come on. Get up there. The road's closed. You can't go any further. Well, we've got to get the low-broadway, sergeant. What's your business? We're from the Hartford Fire Insurance Company. Oh, all right then. But you better go down by the way of the west side. It's the only way through. Well, thank you. Come on.  Get going. Come on. It's impossible to believe. Just look at this devastation. It's frightful. 17 million is a concern for the vestiment. Not a building standing. As if someone had taken a scythe and cut the buildings to the foundation. You think they can ever rebuild it? They have to rebuild. They've got to. This thing can mark up like a snowball. If New York City goes under, it will pull down the rest of the country with it. This is the testing point, James, right here. This can either break the country or make it. What are the other, James? Make it or break it right now. How does the side look, James? Straight? Up just a bit more on the left. Is that better? Yeah. Yeah, hold it there. That's better. Oh, Hartford Fire Insurance Company. Temporary headquarters. Well, I guess that ought to bring us some visitors. All right, gentlemen. Now, wait a moment. You'll have to stay here. Like, we can't do anything if you crowd this desk like that. Gentlemen, be patient. Please. I've been waiting all night. I'm first. All right. Do you have your policy? I haven't got a thing. Nothing. Everything went up in the fire. What's your name? Morrison. Elma Morrison. The address of the property insured. 26th Water Street. And I swear, I had a policy. It was a grocery store. James, check your records. Elma Morrison, 26th Water Street. Yes. A grocery store. You're saying? That's right. Well, I was in that business myself in Hartford. You don't say. Maybe I should have stayed in the grocery business. Might be better off. Yes, here's the record, Mr. Terry. Building and stock insured for $1,300. That's right. $1,300. All I had in the world. Your tense is wrong, Mr. Morrison. I've been waiting all night. All I had in the world. Your tense is wrong, Mr. Morrison. All you have in the world. Now here's the draft for the full amount. $1,300. The whole thing? All of it? To the penny, on the barrelhead. They're paying. They're paying off to the penny. Let's see it. Everybody. They're paying off to the penny. I guess that does it for the night. Tell me, James, how much have we paid out? Well, my figure shows $17,364. They will have twice that much to pay tomorrow. Once word gets around. No, it's all right. We're giving these people what they need most of all. And that's faith. It's worth it. Every penny. No, no, it's shut down. Come around tomorrow. Oh, let him in. Another one more or less won't matter. Very well, sir. This here, the Hartford Fire Insurance Company. Do you have your policy? No, I don't have a policy. What's your name? David Collins. Henry Patrick Collins. And rest of the property? 114 Front Street. What's the amount of the claim? I've got no claim. What? Nope. Gotta earn lucky. The warehouse wasn't damaged. One of the few that wasn't. Well, you are lucky. So are we. Maybe you don't get what I've come for. Get why you've come? That's right. I want to buy insurance. Would you please say that again? I want to buy insurance. You selling? James, did you hear what I just heard? Yeah, I did. I think I... Oh, come on. Come on. Are you two paralyzed? Or are you selling a man insurance when he asks for it? James, do we have any applications? By some rare chance did you bring a name? Applications, I think. Go ahead and get them. All right, get them out of the bag. Come on. All right, get them, James. Get them out and give Mr. Collins a chance. So nice of you to pay us a visit, cousin of Daniel. I came in the hope that you might have had some news from your father, Sarah Anne. Oh, no, we haven't. We had a word since he left. He must be terribly busy. Busy? Well, there's no doubt of that. He's busy sending us all to the poor house. Well, I warned the directors. I told them what to expect when they put a grocer into the insurance business. Your father has only himself to blame, Sarah Anne, and marked my words. Oh, excuse me, cousin of Daniel. Edward, darling, see who it is. Yes, my dear. Oh, for the way, my dear, how are you and Edward getting out? Oh, wonderfully well. He does everything I tell him to do. Oh, hello, Edward. Hello. Oh, that sounds like Father Father. Sarah, darling, how are you? Oh, thank you. Oh, why didn't you write? We were so worried. Well, I had my hands full of say it's cold. Well, there's a fire in the parlor. Well, you need me, George. You know it's good to be home. I can't tell you how good. I... Oh, hello, Nathaniel. Eliphalete. Well, this is a surprise finding you here. I came to inquire as to news of your New York adventure. Well, it was got a hectic. Very hectic. Well, now, perhaps you're satisfied, Eliphalete. I hope you'll go back to your grocery store and be content measuring out beans and barley. This should teach you a lesson, Eliphalete. Don't meddle in affairs you don't understand.  We owed the money and I paid it. Very gallant. Also, extremely foolish. Oh. I presume the loss was great. Yes, quite high. Something in excess of $65,000. $65,000? You drew drafts for that amount? I did. Who do you think will understand that loss if you think you're going to get the directors to say it? Now, just a moment. Just a moment. Sit down. Sit down. Have some tea. I don't want any tea. I only want to know just how you expect to cover the $65,000 in drafts. Well, for one thing, I've brought back some cash with me. Cash? Yes, hard cash. Where did you get hard cash? From our customers. Yes. New customers, cousin. New clients for the Heart of Fire Insurance Company. All right. Well, that's right. Sit down, Nathan. Sit down. I've brought back $40,000 in premiums for new insurance and much more coming. You see, these people have faith in us. Our agent in New York is up to his ears in applications for new policies. You know, faith is a great salesman. It pays dividends, Nathan. Do you have some tea, cousin Nathan? And we're not stopping with New York. We're spreading wide, clean across the country. As the country goes, so we go. And so will all other insurance companies. Selling insurance in every town, every village, making sure that the eggs are in a lot of baskets, diversified, spread the rich. Now, would you have some tea? I know. I say I've forgotten. I have another engagement by Joel. Excuse me. I must leave. Oh, well, let's do soon, Nathaniel. What a pity, sir. Good day, sir. Cousin Nathaniel is leaving. Show him to the door. Yes. This way, cousin Nathaniel. I know the way, young man. Good day. Good day, cousin Nathaniel. Oh, yes. Good day, cousin Elizabeth. He's gone. Poor cousin Nathaniel. What a bitter disappointment for him. He came to crow.  Thank you very much. This is Edward Arnold again. I think tonight's DuPont Cable Cave has something for all of us to remember at this time. The principles that Alifala Terry laid down as a result of the Great New York Fire of 1835 are the maxims of our many independent and reliable fire insurance companies today. Time and again, adversely, has given rise to progress. This has happened because men have had faith in the future, faith in the soundness of business, built on freedom of enterprise. Next week, Lincoln's birthday week, the DuPont Cable Cave will present a special tribute to Abraham Lincoln. Starring Raymond Massey in the role of the great emancipator and with Beatrice Pearson as Anne Rutledge, we will dramatize passages from the works of Robert E. Sherwood, Carl Sandberg, Stephen Vincent Benet, John Drinkwater, Walt Whitman, and other great writers who have set down in plays in biographies and in poetry the immortal Lincoln story. We invite you to listen next week to this unusual and what promises to be outstanding DuPont broadcast. This is Ted Pearson speaking. Tonight's original DuPont Cable Cave was written by Irv Tunick and Michael Sklar. Edward Arnold may currently be seen in the Paramount production, Dear Wife. Music was composed by Arden Cornwell and conducted by Donald Voorhees. The program was directed by John Zoller. The DuPont Cable Cave of America comes to you from the stage of the Belasco Theater in New York and is sponsored by the DuPont Company of Wilmington, Delaware. Makers of better things for better living through chemistry. Next, baby Snooks. Then stay tuned for Hope and Godfrey on NBC.


Welcome to this module on the steel rule. With the technical advances being made, most people are inclined to think that complex electrical measuring equipment is needed to inspect parts made by the machinist or toolmaker. Although this is true in some cases, the majority of the parts that are made do not require this sophisticated equipment. One tool that is very common in the machine shop area that is not a high precision measuring tool is the steel rule. The rigid 6-inch rule is a common measuring tool found in the machine shop. The rule is a strip of metal, graduated in inches and fractions of an inch, to give actual measurements. When tolerances of fractional dimensions are required, the steel rule is used. The most commonly used steel rule is the 6-inch rule. Although rules come in 6-inch increments, for example, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36-inch lengths, the 6-inch rule is the most popular, because it fits into the apron pocket easily. It also comes in various widths and thicknesses to meet varying requirements. The terms rules and scales are used in different ways by different workers, sometimes causing confusion. While some manufacturing workers do not differentiate between these terms, others use the term rule when referring to a measurement tool that provides actual linear measurements. In other words, 1-inch on the rule represents exactly 1-inch of linear distance. On the other hand, to these workers, a scale is a measurement tool in which an actual measured linear distance represents another imaginary, smaller or larger, linear distance. For example, on an architect's scale, 1-inch of measured distance may represent 1-foot of actual linear distance. When this principle is in operation, a key should indicate the ratio of measured distance to actual distance or scale that is being used. There are four basic divisions that are found on a fractional-inch rule. These are 1-64th, 1-32nd, 1-16th, and 1-8th of an inch. Let's look at each graduation a little closer. A 1-64th-inch graduate scale means that in a 1-inch length, there are 64 lines dividing that inch. These are the smallest graduations on the rule, therefore making the accuracy of a steel rule 1-64th inch. This is sometimes argued by some of the metal workers who say they can measure to within plus or minus three one-thousandths with the rule. They're right for they've worked with it a long time and have become masters at reading the graduations. However, the rule is only intended to measure to 1-64th inch accuracy, and other instruments are used to measure to closer tolerances. The next set of graduations is the 1-32nd-inch scale, which divides a 1-inch length into 32 divisions. A 1-32nd division is equal to 2-64th divisions. The 1-16th-inch scale divides a 1-inch length into 16 divisions and is a total of 4-64ths or 2-32nd graduations. The 1-8th-inch scale divides a 1-inch length into 8 equal divisions and is a total of 8-64ths, 4-32nds, or 2-16th graduations. This is a decimal equivalent chart that shows all the various fractions possible in 1-inch. As you can see, a combination of two or more of the various graduations will make up a larger graduation. The same holds true with graduations larger than 1-8th of an inch. Any combination of the four different sized graduations will give a reading up to the 1-inch length. As can be seen on the chart, 3-8th-inch is only given as 3-8th-inch. It is not 24-64ths, 6-16ths, or 12-32nds. Any of these fractions does equal 3-8th-inch, but it is reduced to its lowest terms. Another example would be 7-16th-inch. This could be given as 14-32nds or 28-64ths, but these are not in their lowest terms. Also, the half division, the 3-quarters division and 1-inch division are not read as 8ths, 64ths, 30 seconds, or 1-16th, even though they are made from these combinations. They are read as half-inch, 3-quarters-inch, or 1-inch. Now that you have this information under your belt, let's look at how a rule should be used. To get the full accuracy out of a rule, it is important to use it correctly. Never use the end of the rule to align with the edge of the work for a measurement. The end of a rule is often rounded off from misuse, and a true measurement will not be made. Even if the workpiece is held firmly against a reference surface, such as an angle plate, this will not assure an accurate measurement if the end of the rule is worn off. To offset this, use an inch graduation as a reference point on the rule. Precision and reliable measurements are possible this way. With the graduation directly on the edge of the work, and by not using the end of the rule, whereas inconsequential. When measuring a length, the rule must be kept in a straight line parallel to the centerline of the work. If it is tilted, the measurement will be longer than the actual part. One other important factor in using the rule is to be aware of parallax. This is an observation error from the person measuring or holding at the part in relation to the part being held. The drawing on the left shows an incorrect way of measuring, and parallax is greatly increased because of the thickness of the rule. The graduations do not come in direct contact with the work. The arrows pointing to the right and left will cause parallax, and even though the arrow pointing straight up is the correct way to view the rule, there is a chance for error in reading due to the thickness of the rule. The drawing on the right shows the rule on its edge. As can be seen, the graduation comes in contact with the work, which is the correct way of measuring. Although the arrows pointing to the right and left will cause an improper reading, it will not be as great an error as when the rule is used in the manner shown in the drawing on the left. The proper way is to view the graduations straight up as the center arrow illustrates. You have completed this learning activity, the steel rule.


Kelda, maineis Hamish Febe. I am the Regional Coordinator for Conservation Volunteers New Zealand in Christchurch. I've worked with CBNZ for two years. We have lots of different projects throughout the Canterbury region. The kind of activities that our volunteers are involved in is not only planting trees, but we also do a lot of releasing or weeding around plants. We organise rubbish pick-ups. We do work with threatened species, so we do track work. So anything practical, we love to get stuck under. This year in Christchurch alone, we did 13.6 hectares and we've picked up 4.7 tonnes with a rubbish. We have planted 11,000 trees, which is a phenomenal effort by our volunteers. My name is Eleanor Bissell. We are at Travis Wetland in Christchurch. We've been involved here since 1994, so yes, that's a while. In the late 1970s approximately, this was a dairy farm and now here it is, this wonderful wetland. We need wetlands for our species that are becoming quite rare. Most of our wetlands in Canterbury have disappeared. It's just a wonderful habitat and it's a great place to be. Right from the start it was all volunteers. We've had Conservation New Zealand volunteers. They said, hey, we'll come out and help you too. Hi, I'm Julia from Germany and I'm a volunteer in Conservation Volunteers in New Zealand. I knew I wanted to do some volunteering in conservation because I just wanted to be outside in these nice surroundings and doing some new stuff I never did before. They do weeding and seeding, planting trees, and we were, for example, in Punakaiki in a tree nursery. We planted in two days 400 trees and that was actually really nice. All the people as well, they're very dedicated to their work and it was really nice to got to know them and know that you do something good and giving something back to nature. Yeah, it's nice. My name is Heidi. I come from Switzerland. I'm working here for four weeks. I like this organisation and I like the work in the nature. That's good for me, yes. It's really lovely to have so many different people volunteering and honestly we couldn't do it without volunteers. It's just too much work. It's a very steep mountain that we have to climb but I am hopeful. When there are lots of people out there that are incredibly passionate about conservation, that gives me hope. There's so much work that we can do and we can't do that without the amazing contribution that our volunteers give us. So you guys are awesome. We love you. I think we have to keep plugging at it. It's not something that's going to happen naturally and it's conservation groups and volunteers who are going to be the backbone of it. We can't give up. Thank you so much for watching the video. We are so thankful for all the support we get and we would love it if you would subscribe to the channel by clicking here. Help us continue our journey recording and sharing the music and stories of the world.