The following is a presentation of TFNN the Traders Edge with Steve Rhodes at 1-877-927-6648 or internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER> The Traders Edge now Steve Rhodes Good morning folks welcome to the May 24th the wonderful Wednesday edition of today's Traders Edge show I'm your host D.B. Perseverance Rhodes who absolutely knows that each of us should always be pioneers of our future versus prisoners of our past hope everyone out there is having a great day let's make sure we have an extraordinary one now the easiest way to do that is to always remember that life is happening for us not to us that's right when you and I can make that one little two by four shift well it means we can find the gift in every set of circumstance that life is going to toss at us now today you and I are going to go check on the circumstance of these markets we'll go figure out what those bulls and bears what those buyers and sellers are communicating to you and I at just past 11 o'clock in the morning I do want you to know I'm absolutely grateful for your presence here but even more important than that and that's this during this next 53 minutes I'm here to serve you so feel free to pick up that phone you can dial in at<PHONE_NUMBER> now if you've got a question but you can't dial in you can send me an email send that one off to Steve at TFNN.com and inside the subject hitting please put radio show question now if you're inside our tiger's den well then any in every ping will do so let's go ahead and get this show started on wonderful Wednesday of course this is Tiger Financial News Network I'm Steve Rhodes welcome to the show we got a sea of red out there the only sector inside the S&P 500 to the upside is the energy sector you got lights we crude up 44 pennies and the XLE up 39 cents otherwise everything is a sea of red the Dow down 240 7 tenths were sent and generated an A to B equal CD to the downside is what looks like to Stevie the S&P's up 35 points 9 tenths were sent 1% for the NASDAQ 100 135 which in the process of testing his first key level of support inside the NQ the Russell 2000 off 23.1 to 3 tenths semis down 2.5 79 bucks to the downside trend is off what about 1.5% nearly 200 points there gold's off 4 bucks silver's down 9 cents like we crude up 44 pennies natural gas up 4 cents the 30 Treasury is down 3 ticks so the only flight to quality out here is that US dollar index up at least 300 ticks right now 103 68 and breaking out when I say breaking out let's go in fact take a look at the US dollar index charts out here let's pull those what did Stevie do I close those down okay as I get ready for travel as it is let's see it's a try to find this file out here won't take me too long although I've got a bunch of them but give me a second here we want to go take a look at where's the US dollar headed to some to pull up my set of charts that will help us do that daily weekly monthly here we go so this will populate here momentarily and we'll have the US dollar index which is taking out a daily TD 9 count top that will occur today with a close above 103 49 so now just waiting for the profiles here to fill in and you can see we're above the top of a daily profile we should be now above the center of a weekly profiles my recollection why isn't showing up let me just make sure I've got it turned on that would be the first thing I do there we go well I time I am incorrect it is now above the top of the weekly profiles or above the top of the daily taken out a TD 9 we're above the top of the weekly profile all here it is it's a monthly profile was thinking about so the next resistance lovely watching for the US dollar is going to be 104 05 if price can close above that with the US dollar index would be telling you and I is that over time that it wants to get up to 1406 so again for the US dollar next stop should be at the 104 basically 00 level just called that you get above 104 and it's off to the races for that US dollar index whatever stories you read about people and that the US dollar index is you know getting you know crushed in all those types of things out there will shoot I'm heading to Egypt come Saturday and in the last eight months the US dollars got so strong or that currency's gotten so weak it's a it's it's it's a bargain I mean it's a bargain over there I'm staying the four seasons we're not even paying 400 bucks a night for for not your cheap room there it's a it is a bargain in any event out here the US dollar index is is not dead whatsoever here if we take a look at what's going on now in the equity future contracts we take a look at the daily time frames just to kind of get us a feel for where support might be well when we take leave the yes many this yesterday completed that nice bearish and golfing candle that thing completed a 1 to 1.272 a to b equal CD pattern and now we have price inside its profile so the next area of support you can see price right now at an area of support and that area of support is the top of the weekly which that 420 so I take that back it's at the at the center of the weekly at forty one thirteen so at the center of the weekly in the center of the daily their wedge between forty one oh five and forty one fourteen is what we'll call it watch those areas if that gives way it will take a look at the intraday charts to see if there's any kind of a bottoming signal out here so we're at one level of support if this area fails that we're back at forty seventy six the bottom of that bullish structured daily profile and if that fails we're back towards the bottom of the bullish structured weekly profile forty fifty one and heavens to Betsy if we close below that well if we close below that that would tell Stevie that we likely have a two month correction that would be taking the place out then we'll take a look at those charts to try to figure that out on the left hand side you've got the Dow equity future contract now prices trading below thirty three zero zero four why is that important what thirty three zero zero four is the swing point the swing point from the trading session of May four so here we did you can see the retracement was about a point six one eight was sixty two point five five to be exact so it works with regard to the A to B equal CD patterns out here and now if you close below that thirty three zero zero four the one to one A to B price projection level would be thirty two four ninety five in the case of the Russell two thousand it is attempted to form a new daily profile today that new daily profile has supported seventeen fifty six fifty the centers at seventeen seventy three thirty and the top is seventeen ninety eight fifty watch seventeen fifty six fifty those are areas to watch now let's switch over and take a look at my other set of daily charts for the four equity future contracts here we'll get a feel for where we're at with regard to the oscillator and change lines and any other important piece of information so with regard to the yes many nothing more to add than what we already took a look at with regard to support areas in the case of the NQ you can see yesterday confirmed a roadsman dominicator top price is testing the top of that profile we know that if that area fails in that area being thirteen five seventy to be exact then we're going to look at a move to thirteen five oh five low thirteen five oh five we're looking at thirteen three seventy five and below that it would be the TD nine count breakout level thirteen oh fifty five seventy we've already discussed the dow equity future contract so nothing really for me to add to that in the case of the Russell two thousand it is pulling back to its oscillator and change line that number specifically we know we've got that new profile doesn't show up on my white background charts because I'm using my advanced Doppler tool on those black background charts we won't have confirmation that profile until this evening but there is another level of support and that is at that oscillator and change line and that is printed at seventeen sixty four so you got seventeen sixty four there seventeen fifty six fifty as that new profile low you close below that we're headed lower inside the Russell two thousand so that's what's going on we take a look at the daily time frame charts let's dive down real quickly and see what's going on on those intraday charts and we'll start here with the NQ with regard to the NQ we do have a TD nine count bottom on the thirty minute time frame chart that makes the price point level that's very key to watch at thirteen five seventy twenty five to close below that we're headed lower I see on the two forty we also have a TD nine count pattern it looks like this will complete that would be at two p.m. today zeroes with T. 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N. dot com educating investors Steve Rhodes started his trading career as a student almost twenty years ago and the student has now become the master Steve won the prestigious timer of the year award in twenty eighteen and barely missed that mark again in twenty nineteen finishing it number two for the year an amazing accomplishment Steve Rhodes is committed to sharing his techniques and knowledge with anyone who wants to learn and he shares his vast amount of trading knowledge every day in his mastering probability newsletter Steve's award-winning newsletter mastering probability is delivered every trading day with updates throughout the afternoon sign up for Steve's market newsletter mastering probability and you'll receive access to seven of Steve's educational webinars absolutely free at T. F. N. all our newsletters come with a thirty day money back guarantee so you have absolutely nothing to worry about visit T. F. N. all of them and try mastering probability thirty days risk free today T. F. N. educating investors toll free at one eight seven nine two seven six six four eight internationally at seven two seven eight seven three seven six one eight welcome back folks over take a look at the N. Q. right now we can see that the only two bottom well I take that back the bottom signals that we see out here on the thirty minute time frame chart you've got that TD to do is make its way up to thirteen six eighteen thirteen six eighteen is the asset or in change line pricing we can see how it's really been acting for the most part as resistance really since about seven o'clock this morning so that's going to be a key level pricing close above that then we're looking at a move likely to thirteen six ninety five or thirteen seven twenty no bottom signal in the fifteen roads meant to be indicated signal on the ten the price to clear the asset or change and I would confirm that the thirty minute wants to get to thirteen six seventeen and then the other topping pattern is the TD nine count pattern out here on the two hundred forty minutes right now what this would suggest to me bar number nine will complete at two and then at the close we'll get the bar following bar number nine so going into this evening's close let's assume that the N. Q. is going to continue to move lower out here throughout the day get a little bit of an interday bounce right now then it resumes itself to the downside here so this could then extend itself into at least bar number nine or even the bar following nine meaning that you couldn't maybe it might not be till about ten o'clock at night after Asia comes on board that you could get that bottom signal that bottom signal that you would be looking for would be if we do get a one day rate of change above plus ten percent so Mr. Bill inside the Tigers then asked me if I would go over that and the answer is I will switch over to that set of charts or really just one chart out here and I'll explain the setup and then we'll kind of move back actually let me let me explain really so the set up would be when you get over a over a ten percent one day rate of change out there then my experiences the best way to find those bottoming patterns is go to the 30 minute time frame charts create for 30 minute time frame charts or at least three the ESE N. Q. and the and the Y. M. out there the Dow equity future contract what you're looking for is for confirm bottoming signals on all three if you get that then you get what comes next what comes next is when we get a one day rate of change above plus ten percent why is it taking that that's weird whoo okay we have a technical glitch let's see if we can get rid of that technical glitch well let me change my windows whoo we got a problem here steve's got a problem in discord let's try this again okay here we go so now you should see this chart here so the bottom panel of the chart you'll see the plus ten and the minus ten percent level those are showing the one day rates of change above that is the actual spot ballot it says 50 day expense moving average and then above that is the actual cash chart for the S. and P. 500 and the blue arrows represent days when the spot ballot it says a one day rate of change greater than 10 percent historically the pattern says it within 48 hours you're going to get a bouncer bottom pattern out here the last day that we saw this signal this came in on the trading day of April the 25th it was the following day we saw just a slightly lower close and then we saw a rally it's typically what happens it's not a guarantee of what happens at least typically stall the rally out there and at least in the overnight session you will see some type of bounce but you don't get that until you actually see the bottom signals the bottom patterns and that's what you want to do and I found my experience over the past when you get all four or at least three of the four 30-minute charts to to be generating the same type of signal well it gives you the highest probability it's a great probability out there versus right now as an example here we take a look at a 30 minute well we weren't going to switch panels we were looking at the 30-minute chart for the NQ and so now go take a look at the other 30-minute time frame charts and show you that we don't have synergy so we would not be looking for something like this when I say something like this is going to be these charts as soon as I can get there this right here so here in the lower left in the lower upper right you have the NQ with the TD9 count bottom now this is before this very moment in time on the left-hand side so here's what you would be looking for you'd be looking for bottoming patterns for all three or at least three of the four well the 30-minute ES is showing a Rosemont to indicator signal now it's only 11-22 that means in about seven and a half minutes if we do get this post reversal candidate ever confirm Rosemont to indicator bottom 41-28 being a key level of resistance out there Dan I saw you went long so you want to watch at 41-28 or 41-29 level if price can clear that then you're looking to move to 41-45 or 41-49 would be the real key level of resistance that's where counter trend move at the moment in time would end that's because we don't have any other profiles of new profile forms different story in the case of the EDAW equity future contract it could also generate a post reversal candle that too would generate a Rosemont to indicator bottom target 32-9-35 if price closed above that under 30-minute basis 33-0-15 and above that 33-0-52 the Russell 2000 even though it doesn't show on my chart out here this could actually it needs to get up to that oscillator and change on about halfway into that big bar to the downside they can see out there if it does that that will be what's referred to as a three river morning star pattern will actually be a four river because it'll be four bars out there but that would qualify also as a bottom this is what you would be looking like so let's still go into the thought process that we're seeing unfold here right now live and Stevie's calling it is a counter trend intraday rally out here just simply with regard to the patterns today that I share with you and teach to you out here this is exactly what you'd be looking for if we get that move lower in the afternoon and the spot bottlenecks as a one day rate of change above plus 10% if you saw this overnight you would go ahead and you would take a long position of course you'd want where those different resistance levels are at and that's of course always the beauty about utilizing your system or my system a system and just being consistent with it and and if you do that then to see if you're able to come back and take a look at the play by play utilizing you know these are whatever did today timeframes it is that you guys actually use but fixes back below 10% no I understand that Peter it's an end of day it's not it's not where we're at right now at 1124 in the morning it is an end of day deal all I was doing was really just a Mr. Bill had asked about that wanted me to basically go over that again and that's intention that's what my intention was if I wasn't clear my apology about that but now what you do know is on those days exactly how you traded exactly how you know sometimes you will see those inter-day signals occur before the actual close so you just again you're looking you know what to look for when you can see that rate of change is a is going to be above 10% coming into the end of the day so Mr. Bill I hope that that helped you out and everybody else that was out there as well so we take a look at the 30 minute church out there let's take a look at a request we've got two requested of coming so far of course I would love more oh wait before we do that I take that back guys before we do that let's just continue on with this thought process of why we might say hey get this nice inter-day counter trend rally and then another move lower is the very first thing that I spotted that when I was up early this morning and I mean early this morning and that was this and I see Mr. Z pointed that out inside the Tigers that maybe others did as well and that was that the DAX was forming a island top an island top pattern nobody having an island top but you can see that the DAX here make sure I'm on the right charts out there yeah we had a nice gap to the upside back on May 18th was down at 16.069.42 the high of today's session is at 16.013 that creates this little island out there I can go ahead and actually draw it in we'll go ahead and draw in the island now this is not just your ordinary island top out here this is a special island top why is it so special Stevie well if you take a look at the high then on May 19th that high out there was 16.331.94 that high was the all-time high that was the all-time inter-day high for the DAX no matter how far back we might go out here and that's kind of interesting at an all-time high you have an island top you can't get more bearish with regard to candlestick patterns out there and the NASDAQ composite and the DAX tend to follow each other hmm something to think about we'll be right back the gold report as a precious metal gold is still king it continues to hold the most effective safe 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is an experienced trader and gives their take on the market while taking calls and questions live from around the world from the moment the market opens until the closing bell sounds Tiger TV has eight different shows with expert hosts to help you make the right moves with your money watch online at TFNN.com or on TFNN's YouTube channel and become the investor you were born to be TFNN Educating Investors This segment is brought to you by Think or Swim for more information just click the Think or Swim banner on the front page of TFNN.com Welcome back folks let me let me finish my thoughts here so we take a look at the DAX DAX has got that island top we know that it's an all-time high if you look at the weekly chart you're going to get a confirmed roadsman dominicator top to it looks like you'll get that by Friday out here you at least have that signal right now in price below its asset or in change line tells that it's lost its way out there and that opens up the door for the DAX to get down to 13976 now in the case of the monthly time frame chart you are in bar number 8 in order to get to bar number 9 that would be next month you'd still need to see a close above bar number 5 out there so I'm not going to worry about the monthly chart it's made you know it's a retest of a prior top out here with the signals on the daily and the weekly so I said earlier that I would be preparing for a two-month pullback well where the Sam heck did Stevie pull that out of right well again it goes along with everything that I share with you each time we're here together at between 11 and 12 or sometimes between 8 and 9 in the morning out here here is the monthly chart now for the DAX if we take a look at the DAX this could be in a sense we had a nice four-week rally to the upside that's sessions higher and then now assuming that that island reversal is going to do what it should do it should take hold and says we move lower well what I would expect out here as you can see typically as far as moves to the downside they're typically two months you can get more than two months you get two or three out there but this is where Stevie is saying you know what we're looking at out here we're looking at a down move lower in May and it will lower in June that doesn't mean we can't find some type of bottoming pattern in June out there and typically we do like around June 25th or 4th 26 somewhere right around there is where the typical seasonal bottom would come in it takes up to July and then down in through the November time frame so that's where that two month idea of a correction comes and it's all because of well it's a combination of things but now it's really because of what's going on inside the DAX oh Stevie come on you can't make that decision about the US market based on what's going on inside of Germany can you well you know that's a pretty good point however what you and I can do is we can say well let's go investigate that and here's the investigation charts now what I've got up top is the NDX100 I could change that to NASDAQ composite we're going to leave it at the NDX100 because the NDX100 is something you can trade now we take a look at it what's below that is the DAX and what's below that is the correlation chart now I've changed this to a 10 day correlation so this says on average over a period of 10 days are both these instruments trading in the same direction if they are those bars are above zero 94% of the bars I don't know if it's 94% I just pulled that one out of you know where Stevie pulled it out of but 94% some high percentage level of bars are above zero out there and that says we've got a directional correlation well if we've got a directional correlation and the DAX says you know what I'm going to move lower for the next couple months out here well that's where it comes with regard to the US moving lower as well what's on top of that well we are take a look at the NDX100 here the NDX100 if we go take a look at its charts what we're going to see here momentarily is that it formed a top yesterday just as the NQ did as you and I were looking at it here is the NDX100 chart and you can see that yes it was now that confirmed roadsman to indicator top price below the oscillator and change line the cash in to see is telling us wants to get down to 13 059 now that would be the minimum of a move to the NQ out there for the NDX100 so that's what I see when I take a look at the markets overall so I do hope that helps you out let's get to our first request out here that first request coming in from a guppy inside the Tigers and let's take a look at NVIDIA NVIDIA is a ticker symbol now there whoops that's not it that's still the DAX let's pull up NVIDIA did they come out with earnings already or they are coming out I apologize the message was before and I forgot but here's what I can share with you yesterday NVIDIA confirmed a roadsman to indicator top so it did that when you generated or when it generated that bearish reversal candle yes it was a bear sash candle bear sash candle by the way doesn't need it can form anywhere doesn't need to have a trend that's in place out there but nonetheless it's still very important bearish or bullish reversal signal out here so now what this tells us is NVIDIA and it has a bullish structured profile that formed yesterday it should pull back to test that that's what the daily chart is communicating to you and I on a monthly base or a weekly base I should say this is signaling to and I okay doesn't have a top but the we'll say that the we'll say that the daily and the general indices may drive this and so it's first downside target would be two eighty three ninety six so this is beautiful we've got a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a looking at the little space around here we are going to now input twenty twenty thirty one nine thirty twenty three ninety six so this is beautiful we got twenty twenty twenty four as the bottom on the daily around twenty eighty three and change on the week the answer and change line so I'd say it's more likely the move would be to between two eighty and 288 oh two the monthly basis although the month is not timeframe. We were taking a look at the NQ, all the 30-minute equity future charts earlier. We saw either Road's Mint Diminicator or TD9 account bottoms. This is my recollection. Here in the case of NVIDIA, we've got a TD9 account bottom. So intercession right now, McGuppy. You should see a move up towards that 304-ish range out there. That's the oscillator unchanged line. If the market is going to behave like it normally would with regard to these signal patterns out there. But overall, it looks to me like NVIDIA is ready to move lower and go test that target area. That would be between, again, 280 and 288. So I do hope that helps you out. And thanks so much as always for the request. Next request coming in from Roger. Roger wants to take a look at RF. And RF is, what is RF? It doesn't matter what it is. It's trading at about $17.39. I'm just going to confirm. No, it's really trading at $17.44. So I'm having a little bit of a slight data feed issue on some of these instruments. But what we see here is prices above the top of its daily profile, above an oscillator and change line. No topping pattern that CDC is out here. So this should continue to move higher. The issue, Roger, that this has, and you were asking really about mid to long term, it's that mid term. Where did price find resistance at that oscillator and change line? It's the entire reason that I developed that little tool out there. It's amazing that tool. It's a great tool. You guys should really learn to use it if you don't already. So that's your real threshold level. That price is going to need to clear the daily is bullish. But the weekly is saying, hey, Roger, not so fast, or at least, hey, RF, not so fast out there. Roger Federer. Hey, that's why Roger likes that. I do like those. Roger, those, those, of course, I'm a late adopter out there. I did buy a pair of those on shoes for walking, not, not for running for running. You got, you know, I don't really think those are great running shoes, but boy, they are comfortable for sure when walking. But anyways, back to RF out here. So any additional information, there's not anything else that I see on this set of charts here that I can assist you with. So expect a, now with regard to pullbacks out here, maybe I can find a little bit with regard to pullbacks. This would be day number one. It typically does a two bar move to the downside, two to four bar move to the downside. So I'd expect this to pull back tomorrow as well out here. And that is ticker symbol RF. So Roger, I hope that that helps you out. Thanks much for taking the time to make a request out there. The next request is going to come from SNP wants to take a look at on semiconductor or take a look at on semiconductor. Those are those on shoes out there too. How about that two in a row? How does that work? Well, I'll tell you how it works. Life is always happening for us, not to us. When we take a look at on semiconductor, it looks like it's happening to it this morning. It's trading down below the bottom of its daily profile at 79 29. But we'll confirm that we get back to the screen. You might think that if you want to be successful at trading in the stock market, you're going to need a crystal ball. After all, it's impossible to predict the future, right? Like any endeavor in life, before you decide it's impossible, get some advice from the experts. You might find that it's not so impossible after all for daily market overviews that give you direction on the key indices, selective stocks and commodities. Subscribe to the opening call newsletter at tfnn.com. The opening call newsletter is written by Basil Chapman, creator of the trading methodology known as the Chapman Wave. The Chapman Wave up down sequence gives you an edge in identifying price turns, finding the peaks and valleys and stock prices.  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The funds are designed to be utilized only by sophisticated investors such as traders and active investors. Distributor four side fund services LLC. This program is brought to you by Vista Gold traded on the NYSE American and TSX under the symbol VGZ. Folks we're taking it on semiconductor this for SNP and the the B point of an A to B equal CD was passed with with big volume was passed with like 10 million shares I believe was on this trading day right here May 16 or May 15. And that generated an A to B equal CD to the upside. Now this is not completed that pattern. That pattern wouldn't complete until you get up towards about the 92 52 level out there. Okay, so we know that we don't have a top in place, but we do have a certainly a sympathy trade here. This is pulled back for whatever reason. And right now price is testing a key level of support. That is the bottom of that profile 7928. So if SNP price closes below that level out there and this should be where price would find support tells you we got it's got some problems. It's moving into what I had used as the B point of the C point of the A to B equal CD with volume this swing point here did volume of 4.7 million shares worth 4.1 million shares as as we speak right now. So I don't think that A to B equal CD pattern is going to hold up the one that we're looking at in the daily time frame. And if close place close below that profile level at 7928 says we're headed lower now headed lower to where excellent question we can see the weekly is sitting on the center of its profile. So it says if that area is defeated by the sellers out there at 7917 and we're at 7928 on the daily time frame. So we've got all the support here. If that level fails, then we're looking at 73 58 and 7695 is another potential level on the monthly time frame, but I'd really be watching 73 58. So it looks to me like on semiconductor is headed further south that would be confirmed with a close below the bottom of that daily profile. So SMP. I hope that helps you out. Thanks much for taking the time to write in as always the next request out here coming in from Tim and Tim wants to take a look at swab SW AV is the ticker symbol trading out about $278 and 65 cents relates to 7786 was the last print out here. What is this doing? It's got a roadsman to indicator top that has led to a sideways ish type move out here sideways ish. If price closes below, where's the low out here? If price closes below 260 802 255 76 would be up on the card stem. That's a TD nine count breakout level. The weekly time frame has a TD nine count top with price testing support and the support is right now testing is bullish structured support level. That's between about. So 260 09 and 269 69 269 69 and 260 09. That's its bullish structured area out here. So we know why we take a look at the daily time frame. We're saying why does price stop where it is down there? Well right now we know that that is a very strong support level established last week or this week by that center of that bullish structured profile out here. So I think you just got really pretty much a consolidation out here. Tim, there's not much else that I can really provide to you. So I do hope that helps you out and thanks much for taking the time to write in. Vic writes in and Vic says climb Mount Sinai where Moses got the 10 commandments. You know Vic, I actually looked into that. It turns out the Mount Sinai is quite a ways away from Cairo, which is where we're really headed to. But I did look at that. However, when I did that search, you know what? Things happened for us, not to us. What popped up on the screen, I would love to do that, right? David always, David White, it was a little bit a little bit of polar because he always liked to talk about that burning bush out there. So I said, hey, why not? Why not go check that out? Well, turns out that the story of Moses, he was found in a river, I believe, and was it the Nile? I don't think it must have been. Yeah, it had been the Nile. It was a Nile, right? And so it turns out that the, so we're also going to go see the oldest churches, temples, you know, the whole thing. I just want to experience all of history going back. It turns out that the temple or the synagogue, the oldest one in all of Egypt, is really where Moses was taken out of the water. The Nile is not near that now, but they have historically gone back and they've taken a look at it. And they say that that's where the river had flowed. So kind of interesting. So really looking at it, going to enjoy some tremendous history out there. But your question was, you don't have a question. Well, and look, I'm going to record shows while I am traveling. I'm going to do my best to do that. What I don't know is the internet issues that we've got and things of that sort. But I do plan on doing a good number of shows while I am away and being able to report back to you what is it I'm seeing. Seeing where? Well, seeing in Egypt, seeing in Greece, I'll be in Santorini, I'll be in Athens, I'll be in the Malfi Coast, I'll be in Florence, I'll be in Venice, I'll be in Lake Como.  I can tell you, travel-wise it's packed. I started booking this whole trip three and a half, four months ago, four months ago when all this really started coming together. And anyway, let's get to another question that has come in. And this one is from Alton. And Alton says, good morning, Stephen, kind of NBS regarding your Mediterranean trip. Have a great time. Well, if you have time, Kenny, please look at the GDX, absolutely. So, let's switch over. Take a look at the GDX out there. You're looking for an entry price. Now, in the case of the GDX, the problem is that we don't have any kind of a bottom signal. We just have an A to B equal CD to the downside sort of. And the reason I say sort of is because the B to C point would have to be this May 12th to May 15th timeframe. So, as an example, I'm going to do it on my other set of charts that will just take me a second to do that once these charts come up. I believe that retracement level is pretty narrow, but I'm just going to check it out just to make sure. When I say narrow, I mean way less than 0.382. Well, it's a 29 percent retracement out there. 29, I like to at least be a 0.382. But let's go with a 30 percent. Let's just say that that is the A to B equal CD pattern. Well, then what we've done so far is we've attained the 1 to 1 level. The 1 to 1 level out here, Alton, would have been 3121. We're at 3119 as we speak right now. We're really 3113. So, 3074 is likely the next target. That's a TD-9 count breakout area. If price closing below that, Alton, that says that we had lower. The next lower price would be 2834. So, if we haven't been too gratuitous in giving that an A to B equal CD pattern, the answer to your question as to where is the buy point, it would be when a bullish reversal candle forms. So, we're talking about a bullish hammer candle, the bullish engulfing candle, the bull sash, a gap to the upside, a bullish piercing candle. What did I for a bull separating line? I think I've gotten them all in there. Those are what we would be looking for to confirm then that the GDX is bottom. Of course, what you'd like to also see is that gold and silver have also done the same thing. So, I do hope that that helps you out, Alton. And thanks for your kind comments about the little vacation. I haven't been away since I tripped to South Africa really since 2014. Yeah, I've taken a couple of days off here, you know, to go up to Nantucket and stuff like that, but nothing of any kind of significance, not like this. So, I think I have been through all the questions out here. If there's something inside the tiger's den or if I've overlooked something, here we go. Dan says, Steve, how about a short-term Microsoft levels? So, let's go take a look at Microsoft. We'll punch this in here. Microsoft, see what it is doing. Yes, Roger. Shoes are comfortable. Yeah, those are on shoes. So, Roger, I got the I got the newer ones that were out there with the, because I've got a little bit extra weight out there. Although, on the weight side, most people know I was on the cat food diet. I graduated over to the one meal a day program out there and yeah, the 11th command for Mr. Bill, follow the oscillator and change line. And we'll get back to this break. We'll take a look at Microsoft, which confirmed a sell the deep point pattern yesterday. And you've got a new profile to deal with your Dan. So, we'll give you that new information as soon as we come back. If you're looking for potential trading setups in the stock market, then Rocket Equities and Options Report is a newsletter you should try. Tommy O'Brien delivers options and equity trades when the markets present them using a combination of fundamentals and technicals. Sign up for Rocket Equities and Options Report today with a 30-day money-back guarantee so you have nothing to risk. For all the details and to start your subscription today, visit the front page of TFNN.com. TFNN, educating investors. You might think that if you want to be successful at trading in the stock market, you're going to need a crystal ball. After all, it's impossible to predict the future, right? Like any endeavor in life, before you decide it's impossible, get some advice from the experts. You might find that it's not so impossible after all. 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Looking back folks, we're going to take a look at Microsoft here. Let me get that chart up on the screen. So Dan, the new profile levels, you can see the supporter. It's pretty clear on my chart, 30821. And that is likely where Microsoft is gunning for. Now the reason that I say that, Dan, is because it's a bullish structured profile and prices below the center of that profile that formed yesterday. So the top is at 31950. The center is at 31788. My experience is that when you close below the center of a bearish structured profile, I said bullish I think, bearish structured profile, you will typically make its way down to support. Now if price were to close below 30821, then the next area its price would become its price target is 270205. That's on the daily chart. On the weekly, you've got to confirm TD9 count top. You also are in wave number seven. Of course, that can't be confirmed until next month out there, but the TD9 count top has taken hold. That suggests where price wants to head to is 29661. So we got 29661 and 30821 is targets on a monthly time frame. Prices run right up into resistance. The TD9 count breakdown area out there. So Dan, I hope that helps you out with regard to Microsoft and thanks so much for the request. The next request inside the Tigers then was to take a look at 30 minute, 30 minute sure. Sorry, let's go back up here. We take a Microsoft on a 30 minute time frame. What do we have here? We have a, you don't have anything just yet. If Microsoft by 1230 can spite below 31265, you would then have a TD9 count bottom. If it doesn't do that by 1230, I don't have any kind of a pattern out here to speak of Dan price and below profile in the outsider and change line. That would be a key level of resistance, 31548 out there. Alright, the last request, let's get to it out here. I don't even remember what it was, but it was ABBV. So what do we have here? You've got a, you still have a TD9 count bottom price testing support. That's the bottom of its profile. That's out of 14220. Price has just consolidated with inside his profile after forming that TD9 count bottom. The weekly price pulled back to TD9 count breakout support at 14210. So only if that daily pattern fails, the way that pattern would fail would be a close below 140, 52 would you be in real trouble. You're at support on the monthly timeframe as well. So you're back in support on ABBV. Will it hold? I don't know. But I will see you tomorrow on terrific Thursday. I'll see you on fantastic Friday. I want you to have a wonderful Wednesday. Take care, folks.


Hello. So, let us recapitulate what we had discussed in our last lecture. We discussed two important consequences or I would say two most popular consequences of Lorentz transformation. One is length contraction, another is time dilation. We have defined something called a proper length that is the length of an object measured in a frame of reference in which the object is at rest. We call that particular length as the proper length. We said that if we go to any other frame of reference, the x component of this particular length will appear to be contracted in a different frame of reference. Of course, as we all know that the direction of x is always chosen along the relative velocity between the frames. The other aspect that we had discussed was time dilation. Similarly, we had defined quantity called a proper time interval which is a time interval between two events in a given frame in which the two events occur at the same position. This proper time interval appears to be dilated or supposed to be enhanced or increased if you go to any other frame of reference in which these two events do not appear at the same position. Then eventually we gave some examples relating to the length contraction. Today, we will try to give some more examples initially to discuss various other aspects of Lorentz transformation. Let us go to one example which is probably again a simple example. Let us assume that there is an observer standing on a platform, a train platform, the type of platform that we normally are quite aware of. Now, in that particular platform, a train passes by it. Let us assume that platform is also on a frame of reference which is inertial. Though we all know that earth is not strictly speaking a inertial frame of reference, but for all practical purposes we can treat it and let us assume that this particular platform is on an inertial frame of reference. And let us also assume that the train which is passing by the platform is also moving with constant velocity. Therefore, it also represents an inertial frame of reference. So, there is no acceleration involved. So, we can always treat one frame of reference as s and another as s prime. Now, both the observer, one observer on platform and another observer sitting in a compartment in a train, both of them want to measure the length of the platform assuming that this particular train is moving to a relativistic speed. It essentially means that the speed is very high close to speed of light. Then, let us have some discussion about the measurement of the length of the platform. So, this is what I have written as the subject of the example. Measurement of a length of a platform by an observer stationary on the platform and another, that is another observer moving in a train with relativistic speed relative to of course platform. Assume both frames to be inertial. So, this figure approximately represents the situation in this particular case. Let us assume that this is the platform. The beginning of the platform is A, the end of the platform is B and there is an observer standing on the platform. You can assume that this is the origin. You can assume it to be at one corner. We can do that thing and this represents the frame of reference S. This is a train which is moving with its velocity V, which is we are assuming to be relativistic speed, very high speed and an observer is standing or sitting in a particular seat in this particular compartment and let us call this frame of reference as S frame of reference. And as we said that both observer S and S prime want to measure the length of the platform AB. Now, let us define events. As we have always said that the relativity is much easier to solve problems if we define events and write their coordinates including time. So, that is what we will do. We will define two events relating to this measurement of length and similar thing which we have done also in the case of time dilation and then correction. So, we come to the fact when we define the events. My first event is defined when the origin of S prime coincides with the A end of the platform. It essentially means that whatever is the origin of S prime, we can take as one of the corner, let us suppose this particular corner coincides with point A. Of course, train is moving relative to point B. At a later time, the same point if we take for example, this as the origin of this particular S frame of reference, it makes so difference what we take. When this point coincides with point B of the platform, so that is my event number 2. So, I repeat event number A is that origin of S prime coincides with A, event number B at 2 is origin of S prime coincides with end B of the platform. So, these are my two events. Let us try to write the coordinates of these events in both S and S frame of reference. So, here I am defining my events, event 1, the origin of S coinciding with end A of platform. E 2, the origin of S coinciding with end B of the platform. We can choose any origin in S, it does not make a difference, because what matters is only the difference. But for thinking purposes, we can take either one end or somewhere in the center or at any other point. Let us write the events, but before that let me raise some questions. Is the coordinate difference equal to the length of the platform in any of the frames? This is question number 1 that I am posing. So, if we take the difference of x, let us assume that A B is along the x direction, because that is what we have to anyway assume, if you want to apply Lorentz transformation, because relative velocity direction is always chosen along the x direction or rather x direction is always chosen along the relative velocity direction. So, what is the coordinate difference that is x 2 minus x 1? Is it equal to, does it give equal to the length in any of the frame of reference S or S prime? The time difference between these two events, it means we take the time t 1 when event number 1 occurs, time t 2 when event number 2 occurs, we take the time difference t 2 minus t 1. Is it proper in any of the two frames that I have just now described namely S and S prime? Let us have a little bit of discussion. We realize that two events occur at different ends of the platform. One occur at N A, another occur at N B, this is what we have already always said and neither in S nor in S prime they occur at the same time. So, there is always going to be a time difference between event 1 and event 2, whether it is S which observes it or whether it is S prime observes it. And if you remember we have said it earlier that an object which is moving and if you measure the coordinates of the two ends, then that is not going to give you correct length. It is going to the coordinate difference is going to give you correct length only in a situation when the object is at rest because then only x 2 minus x 1 is correct length. Otherwise, if there is a time difference during the time difference of measurement the object has moved and the coordinate difference would not actually give the correct length. So, we realize that in this particular situation also it is only in the S frame that is the platform frame that it is only in the platform frame that the platform is not moving. In the train frame the platform is actually moving and I am measuring the length of the platform. So, if the coordinates of the two events has to give me the length of the platform, then this platform must be rest at rest because the two events are occurring at two different times and that is only the frame S. So, I conclude that in frame S the length of the platform will be given by the coordinate differences x 2 minus x 1. This is what I have written. Let us just read. The two events occur at the two different ends of the platform. However, time for two events is different both in S and S. We just now discussed. Hence, the coordinate difference will be equal to the length of the platform only in that frame in which platform is at rest. That is something which I have been probably over emphasizing it, but this is something which is to be understood because this is where people normally tend to make a mistake. They just write x 2 minus x 1 equal to length. x 2 minus x 1 is length only in a case the object is not moving or the time should be same. So, hence the coordinate difference will be equal to length of the platform only in that frame in which platform is at rest and that is the frame S.  Let us write here. Let us say this is A, this is B. So, suppose my observer was standing here. What he would observe? That train is coming from this side and passing by the platform and going to the other side. And let us suppose the front end is the origin of S. So, when this particular train reaches this particular object, this particular point, event 1 occurs. When the same train comes and reaches at point B, event number 2 occurs. So, position of event number 1 is A, position of event number 2 is B and as we have discussed, the position difference of this would be giving the length of the platform. But we realize that these two events actually occur at different location in S frame. It means that the time difference between them is not proper, because for the proper frame, for the time difference to be proper, these two events must occur at the same position. But what an observer S would be feeling? If you look from the point of view of an observer S, he would see a completely different situation. He would feel, because he does not see his motion. So, let us suppose this is my origin of the train. He will feel that this particular platform A, B is actually approaching towards him, because this person, observer sitting in S frame does not notice his or her own motion. So, according to him, the platform is actually coming and going by this side. This is a very common thing. If you are moving in a fast train and you see a particular station at which the train does not stop, it appears as if one end of the platform is coming towards you, then it passes by and the second end of the platform reaches you. So, in fact, this person standing here or sitting here will observe exactly the same thing that end A of the platform first reached him, then end B of the platform reached him. So, according to an observer in S frame, the first event that is A point meeting this particular point that occurs at this particular point, event number 2, that is point B meeting this particular point, again occurs at the same point. So, as far as the observer sitting on the train is concerned, he is sitting comfortably or standing comfortably at his place. He notices end of A of the platform coming towards him passing by, then end B of the platform coming towards him passing by. He is standing at his origin or he is sitting at his origin. For him, both the events point A coinciding with him, point B coinciding with him occurs at the same position. Hence, the time interval that will be measured by this observer in S frame of reference would really be a proper frame of reference, proper time interval. So, that is what I have written. In S, the two events occur at two different locations. What an observer in S would feel? An observer in S would feel, as I said, that they occur at the same position wherever the person is sitting or standing. Hence, time difference is proper in S frame of reference. So, therefore, in S frame, this time difference must be dilated. Now, let us go to frame S and try to write the coordinates. We just now agreed that if we are looking with the difference to the frame of reference S, which is the person standing on the platform, the two events, the difference of two events will give the actual length. Because according to this observer, this event occurs, let us say, at x 1, t 1. This event occurs at x 2, t 2. Now, clearly x 2, which is here, x 1, which is here, both these events, the position difference x 2 minus x 1, this minus this will actually give me the length of the platform. So, I must have x 2 minus x 1 is equal to l, which is the length of the platform. So, that is what I have written here. That in S, the length is proper and would be given by l is equal to x 2 minus x 1, where l I have taken as the length of the platform as measured in S frame of reference. However, this particular observer, S, had another way of measuring the length provided he knows the relative velocity of the train. If he knows with what speed the train is passing by it, then what he could have done, he could have just measured the time difference between the two events, even 1 and even 2. But for that, he must have the information of speed and he must have the information of the time differences. So, if he knows the time difference t 2 and t 1, t 2 minus t 1 rather, then if he multiplies by the speed of the train, he should still be able to get the length of the platform. Because that is another way of determining the length of the platform. If I know the speed of the train and I know how much time the train took, how much time the train took to go from here to here, that particular time and if I know the time difference between these two, then the speed multiplied by the time would give me the length of the platform. So, this is what I have written here that this length would also be given by V multiplied by t 2 minus t 1, which is the time difference between these two events. But as we have just now said that this time difference must be dilated because it is in the S frame of reference in which the time interval is proper. Therefore, this t 2 minus t 1 must be given by gamma times t 2 minus t 1 prime, where as we all know, gamma depends on the relative speed of the train and is actually given by gamma is equal to 1 upon under root 1 minus V square by c square. So, if I know the relative speed of the train, I also know the gamma. Once I know the gamma, I can substitute in this particular value gamma and I know that t 2 prime minus t 1 prime, that is the time difference measured in S frame of reference, which is actually the proper time interval between these two events that multiplied by gamma must give me t 2 minus t 1. So, this is equal to gamma times tau. If you remember, we have mentioned that normally we have been writing the proper time interval between two events as tau. So, this is gamma times tau. Now, let us go with respect to the frame of reference of S prime. We agreed that in S frame of reference, the time interval was really proper. But what about position difference? What about X 2 minus X 1? We have just now seen that as far as an observer in S prime is concerned, the two events occur at the same position. It means X 2 minus X 1 must be equal to 0. If that is the reason we have called that this time interval is a proper time interval because both the events occur at the same position. It essentially means that X 2 minus X 1 is 0, X 2 prime rather X 2 prime minus X 1 prime is 0. So, if we take the coordinate difference in S frame of reference, that coordinate difference is 0. So, again I remind you that X 2 prime minus X 1 prime is not equal to the length. So, because actually in the S frame of reference, its platform which is moving, therefore just taking the coordinate difference and putting equal to length can be disastrous. So, this is what I have written here. Time interval is proper in S frame of reference, tau is actually equal to T 2 prime minus T 1 prime and difference in X coordinate X 2 prime minus X 1 prime is equal to 0 which is definitely not equal to the length prime. It means the length measured, length of the platform measured in S frame of reference. Now, suppose you are sitting in a train and want to find out the length of the platform, what way for example, you can adopt. You can have a stopwatch in your hand and when N A comes, you can start this stopwatch. When N B arrives, you can stop the stopwatch, measure the time difference. Once you measure the time difference between these two events, that will be T 2 prime minus T 1 prime and as I have agreed, this is proper time interval. And if I know what is the speed of the platform relative to me in S which essentially is the same speed as an observer in S will notice of the train, if I know that particular v, then I can multiply the time difference between these two objects, these two events by velocity and I will get the length as observed in S frame of reference. So, this is what I have written here, the last line that L prime which is the length measured, length of the platform measured in S frame of reference will be given by v which is the relative velocity between the two frames multiplied by T 2 prime minus T 1 prime and as we had agreed that T 2 prime minus T 1 prime is tau which is the proper time interval between these two events. Therefore, this L prime can be written as v times tau which is the where tau is the proper time interval or time interval measured in this frame of reference itself. Let us just try to sort of compare our notes with reference to S and S frame of reference. We just now said that L prime must be given by v times tau, we have agreed that this tau is a proper time interval. Therefore, what an observer in S frame that is the platform frame would observe would be dilated time interval. Therefore, this tau must be given by T 2 minus T 1 divided by gamma where T 2 and T 1 are the times measured in the platform frame of reference, not the S frame of reference in the ground frame of reference where platform is at rest. So, this time interval divided by gamma must give me the proper time interval because T 2 minus T 1 was actually dilated tau is the shortest time interval. And if we agreed, we have said earlier that v multiplied by T 2 minus T 1 is actually the length measured in S frame of reference. So, I can write v T 2 minus T 1 as the length as measured in S frame. This turns out to be equal to L divided by gamma which tells that length of the platform as will be measured in a frame of reference S prime would turn out to be contracted. We have told that gamma is greater than 1. Therefore, L divided by gamma will give you a smaller length. So, this length will be contracted length as is expected because remember L is the proper length of the platform. Had it not been proper length, then you could not have applied this particular formula. When we apply length contraction formula, one of the length must be proper length. When we apply time dilation formula, one of the time interval must be proper time interval. Then only I can use that particular formula, otherwise I cannot use it. One that sees the contracted length in S frame as is expected. Now, let us discuss this another example. This example in some form or the other has been discussed in many textbooks. This is actually a real life example and before advent of special theory of relativity, this was considered as a problem which people were never able to understand. It is only special theory of relativity which provided a solution to this particular issue. Therefore, it has a historical importance. There are large number of particles, some of which are stable, some of which are unstable. Unstable means they decay and change into some other particles. Tom Mu-Mazon is one such particle. The lifetime of this particular particle is 2 microsecond if this particular particle is kept stationary or at rest in a particular frame of reference. What essentially the lifetime means, it means there is a statistical process of decay. It is like radioactive decay. When there is a particular chance, you can never predict where a particular nucleus will go under radioactive decay. It may take some time, it may take a different time. But you can always define something which is called the lifetime which represents in some way and approximately you can call it an average type of behavior. Essentially, the idea is that if lifetime is very large, that particle is much more stable. If the lifetime is very small, in comparison to that, the particle is likely to decay comparatively very soon. This particular particle has a very, very small lifetime which is 2 microseconds, 2 into 10 to the power of minus 6 seconds which is extremely small. Now, these particles appears are created at the upper atmosphere of the earth. Now, when they are created, they are created with a very large speed. The speed is essentially close to speed of light which in this particular problem we have taken to be approximately 0.998 C just to give some number approximately. So, it is a very large speed essentially close to speed of light. Now, we can calculate classically how much time it will take for this particular particle to reach earth. Then, we can approximately estimate that out of how many of these particular particles which are created at the upper atmosphere, how many of them would reach earth and that number turns out to be extremely small as we will just now see. But people have found that on earth, you get a very large number of new mesons or what we call it mumeoson shower from the upper atmosphere. People could not understand that if their lifetime was only 2 microseconds, we expected very small number of these mumeosons to actually have reached earth before that they would have decayed into something else. So, how it is possible that such large number of particles can really come and reach earth in spite of the fact that their lifetime is so small. And this particular problem was actually solved by special theory of relativity by virtue of time dilation. So, let us now read the problem. The incoming primary cosmic rays create mumeoson in the upper atmosphere. The lifetime of mumeosons at rest is 2 microseconds. If it is at rest, if we create this particular mumeoson in laboratory at rest, the lifetime will turn out to be 2 microseconds. If the mean speed of mumeoson is 0.998 C, let us talk of everything in terms of an average. What fraction of mumeoson created at the height of 20 kilometers? Let us take that, you know, they have created a distance of 20 kilometers above the mean sea level. How many of them would really reach the sea level? So, that is essentially the problem. Now, let us assume that we focus our attention on one particular mumeoson because we are looking at the average behavior and we will take one particular mumeoson which has exactly the same lifetime as 2 mumeosons, 2 microseconds. Now, if the particular particle is at rest, then we expect that after 2 microseconds, it will decay. So, if this particular mumeoson was created at the upper atmosphere of the earth and if there was a person sitting on mumeoson or my laboratory was moving along with the mumeoson, assuming of course, its speed to be constant because we are applying special theory of relativity, let us assume that mumeoson has the same speed as travelling through the earth, it remains constant as 0.998C. So, if it is always the same, then this particular observer would find that this particular mumeoson would decay in 2 microseconds. It is just like the train problem and the platform problem. Of course, my platform is from here 20 kilometers long from here to the top of the atmosphere. Now, this person who is coming along with the mumeoson would conclude that after 2 microseconds, this particular particle will decay and because the mumeoson is at rest in that particular frame of reference, so the event number 1 creation of mumeoson, event number 2 decay of mumeoson, they will occur at the same position and therefore, this time interval will be a proper time interval. However, on the earth, event number 1 occurs 20 kilometers above, which is the upper end of the atmosphere and the event number 2 occurs whenever it decays somewhere much down, much below down. So, according to the observer on earth, this time difference between these two events must be dilated and because the speed of the particle is very close to C, therefore, you would find that the time dilation effect will be very large and therefore, effectively an observer on earth would feel that the lifetime of the mumeoson has increased and that is why he could observe a such large number of fraction of mumeosons reaching earth. Now, let us do the numerical calculation. Decay time interval 2 into 10 to the power minus 6 second, which is 2 microsecond, is proper in mumeoson frame. In earth frame, it would appear to be dilated. If we take C is equal to 0.998 C and use this expression of gamma that we have just now written, gamma is equal to 1 upon under root 1 minus v square by C square. You put this number of v as 0.998 C, you will get gamma is equal to 15.82 approximately 16 of that order. It is a very large gamma, 15.82. Therefore, decay time or you can say lifetime of mumeoson in earth frame of reference will be just this vector multiplied by 2 into 10 to the power minus 6 second, which turns out to be approximately 3 into 10 to the power minus 5 second, one order of magnitude larger, 15 times larger. It makes lot of difference. Now, if you want to talk of the probability of decay, this essentially follows the same law or same rule as a nuclear decay or OBS, which is an exponential behavior, which is given here at the bottom end of this particular transparency that if n naught is the number of particles with which you had started, then total number of particles which remain at a time t is given by n divided by n naught to e raise to the power minus t by tau. Now, if we calculate, this is the fraction of the particles which will be reaching earth. Now, if we take this particular lifetime, we can calculate how much time it will take in s frame of reference, which I am calling as earth frame of reference, how much time it will take for this particular particle to reach earth, that will be 20 kilometers, which is here divided by what is the speed of the particle. So, normally if this particular mumeoson was supposed to reach earth, according to an observer on earth, that observer must have traveled this particular mumeoson must have traveled for time 6.68 into 10 to the power minus 5 seconds, approximately 7 into 10 to the power minus 5 second. So, if I have to find out what is the fraction, remember this calculation I am doing in earth's frame of reference. If I have to find out what is the fraction which must reach earth, that will be n upon n naught will be given by e raise to the power minus t by tau, where for t I will substitute 6.68 into 10 to the power minus 5 second and for tau we will substitute the value which we have obtained in my last transparency, which is 3.164 into 10 to the power minus 5 second. So, I substitute these numbers and next transparency I have given, this fraction turns out to be 0.12, which means approximately 12 percent of the mumeosons will be able to reach earth, others would have decayed in between, because this is sort of a statistical process in which some will decay, some will decay later, some will decay earlier. But if we do the, if we had done the classical calculation, it means for this particular time instead of, for this particular tau instead of using 1, sorry 3.164 into 10 to the power minus 5, you would have used 2 into 10 to the power minus 6, then this number would have turned out to be 3.12 into 10 to the power minus 15. So, remember there is an exponential factor, exponential factor is a very fast decaying function and you can see that how much the fraction has changed earlier. This was the calculation which people were doing earlier before special degree of relativity and they would have said that 1 into 10 to the power 15 approximately 1 out of 10 to the power 15 mumeosons would reach earth approximately. I am just ignoring the factor 3 just to calculate order of magnitude. That many number would reach earth while according to relativity 12 percent 12 out of 100 would reach earth. The number has become so large and that is what was experimentally observed which people could not understand earlier and only after special theory of relativity came people could understand it. That was considered as one of the great success of special theory of relativity. Just a question, what would an observer in a mumeoson frame will conclude? How you would identify this event in terms of these two events in terms of a mumeoson frame of reference as you can probably guess from that platform example which you have given just now that according to the observer on mumeoson the distance between the earth and the upper atmosphere will appear to be reduced or contracted. So, that observer will feel that this mumeoson has not actually travelled 20 kilometer distance but has travelled much smaller amount of distance that is why it has not decayed. Now, let us go back to our old example which we have discussed number of times in different ways that is the light emission from the center of train compartment. Remember first time when we had discussed we had discussed that instead of light we are throwing two balls one person sitting at the center of a train compartment throws two ball one in a direction of the motion of the train towards the front wall another towards the back wall and we defined two events when the ball reaches the front wall and the ball reaches the back wall. We concluded that in the frame of reference of train which we called as S prime the two events were stationary. Then we did a classical Galilean transformation and we found out that in S frame which is the ground frame of reference also these two events appear to be simultaneous. Second time when we discussed this particular problem was when we assumed that instead of the ball somebody is shining light one towards the front of the front wall another towards the back wall. We concluded at that time that these two events in the frame of reference of S prime which is the compartment frame of reference that the light reaching the front wall light reaching the back wall occurs at the same time and are simultaneous. Then at that time we discussed with reference to the ground frame and said that if second postulate of special theory of relativity was correct it means if the speed of light is same in S and S prime frame of reference then the observer in S frame of reference which is the ground frame of reference would feel that these two events are not simultaneous. But at that time we did not calculate time difference because we did not have Lorentz transformation. Now that we have our Lorentz transformation let us actually try to calculate the time difference between these two events which we have discussed just now as seen in the ground frame of reference which I am calling as S frame of reference. So let us look at this picture again. This is the picture of this particular train compartment. This person standing at the center of the platform he shines the light. Let us assume these two hands are just for making picture clearer. I have put them with a large hand long hands but let us assume that these are just at the same point and the light is emitted in this particular direction. This I am calling as a front wall light is being emitted towards back direction opposite direction to the motion of the train and this I am calling as a back wall. My event number one was light pulse reaching here, event number two light pulse reaching here which adds we had agreed in S frame of reference these two events are simultaneous. And now my question is that what will be the time interval between these two events as will be observed by an observer S standing on ground. We had earlier defined events. Let us redefine them. Let us rewrite them. Event number one light reaching the front wall of the train. Event number two light reaching the back wall of the train. So these are my events which we had already defined. Let us again reiterate them.  Let us be clear and write coordinates of this event one and event two and because the initial information has been given to me in S frame of reference which is the frame of reference of the train. In fact, everything has been described with respect to that observer. So let us first write the coordinates in S frame of reference which is the train frame of reference. This is what I am doing in my next transparency. So, because this is S frame of reference all my coordinates are putting prime. Now that we know that lengths are different in two frames. So, this length which is being measured the length of the compartment itself that is in S frame of reference. So, that length also I am calling as L. So, we agree that if this is my train compartment and observer is just sitting standing in half the way then in this particular frame of reference this length is L. So, the first coordinate and this particular person is standing at the origin. So, we assume we get that this particular event even number one will occur at a distance of L prime by 2 positive side. I am taking this as positive side. This is negative side and this will occur at minus L prime by 2. So, this is what I have written here that x1 prime occurs at plus L prime by 2, x2 prime occurs at minus L prime by 2. T1 prime, time of the event number one is the time taken for the light to travel from here to here. We know that this time this light travels at the speed of light C. So, this particular time will be given by actually the length is L prime by 2 the distance it has to travel is L prime by 2. So, the time taken will be L prime by 2 C. So, time will be L prime by 2 C. Similarly, this light which has been emitted backwards also moves a distance of L prime by 2 and travels with the same speed C. So, therefore, this time interval will also be L prime by 2 C. So, according to an observer in S prime frame of reference this event number one occurs at a value of x L prime by 2 and a time L prime by 2 C. Event number two occurs at a coordinate of minus L prime by 2 and a time L prime by 2 C. These two times are same. These two events, therefore, are simultaneous in S prime frame of reference. This is what I have written here. In this particular transparency, x1 prime is equal to plus L prime by 2, T1 prime is equal to L prime divided by 2 C, x2 prime is equal to minus L prime by 2, T2 prime is equal to L prime by 2 C. Remember, we have not used any transformation to write these equations. I do not need any transformation if we have all the information in the same frame and all these basic information has been given in S prime frame of reference. I do not need any transformation. Let us try to write the coordinates of these two events in S frame. Let me first write the event number one. Event number one was light reaching the front wall. This occurred at L prime by 2 and L prime by 2 C. And if you remember, the Lorentz transformation gives you x prime is equal to gamma x minus VT. Now, the information has been given in x prime frame of reference and I want to prime in S frame of reference. Therefore, I must use inverse Lorentz transformation, which is given by x is equal to gamma x plus VT prime x prime plus VT. So, we said the prescription is change unprimed to prime, unprime to prime and prime to unprime change the sign from minus V to plus V, change the sign of V. So, this is my inverse Lorentz transformation. So, I use the inverse Lorentz transformation here to find out x 1 is given by gamma L prime by 2 plus V L prime by 2 C. This is my value of x prime. This is the value of my t prime L prime by 2 C. So, what we have written is x prime plus VT. This is what it comes to. So, I take gamma L prime by 2 out of this. So, this becomes gamma L prime by 2 multiplied by 1 plus V by C. Now, similarly we write inverse transformation for time. Inverse transformation for time will be given by T is equal to gamma T prime plus V x prime by C square. Again, using inverse transformation, we go back here to the transparency. T1 is equal to gamma times L prime by 2 C. This was the time plus because this is the inverse transformation. V relative speed between the frames x which is L prime by 2 divided by C square. I take gamma L prime by 2 C out of this bracket. This becomes 1 plus V by C. Of course, we have assumed that the origins are coincident when the light was omitted. So, at that instant of time, the observer which is standing on the ground was also at its origin and was just passing by. Now, let us write the coordinate of even number 2 in S frame of reference. You will realize that everything will be same here, exactly similar except that the L prime by 2 will change sign. So, this appears here and this appears here. This will change sign. So, that is what I am writing in the next transparency. Even number 2 in S frame. So, x2, that is the x coordinate of the second event will occur at gamma minus L prime by 2. That is where it observed. That was the x value plus V L prime by 2 C. Remember, time is same. Though event occurred at different location, but time was same. So, this L prime by 2 C. So, this remains the same thing. I take gamma L prime by 2 common and you get minus V plus V by C. We take T2, which is gamma T prime, which is same as L prime by 2 C minus V into x prime, which is minus L prime by 2 because this event occurred at the back of the train. So, this is minus L prime by 2 divided by C square. I take gamma L prime by 2 C i out. I get in bracket 1 minus V by C. So, as you can see that this time is different from the other time. In earlier case for the event 1, there was a positive sign here and this time interval was positive. This was 1 plus V by C. Here, it is 1 minus V by C. So, these two intervals are not simultaneous in S frame of reference, which is the ground frame of reference. As we had discussed earlier, but now we know what is the time difference. Actually, I can calculate T2 minus T1 and find out how much difference in the time was observed as according to S observer on the ground observer between these two events. So, that is what I have written in this particular transparency that we see that T2 is less than T1 because there is a negative sign here 1 minus V by C. So, T2 is less than T1. Hence, in S event 2 occurred before event 1. This also we had discussed earlier somewhat qualitatively without Lorentz transformation. We had said that if speed of light should remain same, then it should happen that because the light which travels backward has to travel a smaller distance. So, it will hit the wall first. The light which is emitted in front has to travel a larger distance, but with the same speed. Therefore, that event will occur later. So, that particular time will be larger. So, this is what we had qualitatively discussed. Now, we know their numerical numbers. So, hence in S event 2 occurred before event 1, as it was qualitatively discussed earlier, the time difference we can just calculate because that one factor will cancel out. So, that one of only the V by C thing has to be taken and this will turn out to be gamma L prime V by C square. So, this is the time interval between the two events as observed in S frame of reference. While in S frame of reference, this time interval was 0. Both these events occur at the same time. I have another question. Is the coordinate difference that we have calculated x2 minus x1 will be equal to the length of the compartment in S? I think we should be able to give quick answer that no, it cannot be. The reason is that these two events 2 occurred at two different ends of the compartment, but that compartment was moving and unless these two events occurred in S at the same time, x2 minus x1 will not give me correct length. x2 prime and x1 prime difference will give me the length in S frame of reference. But remember, in that particular frame of reference, any way the compartment was at rest. So, even the time difference, in the present example, in S frame of reference, these two events occurred at the same time. But in that frame of reference, the compartment was anyway at rest. Even if they would not have occurred at the same time, still x2 prime minus x1 prime would have given the correct length. But not in S frame of reference. In S frame of reference, these two events occurred at different time. Therefore, x2 prime minus x1 prime is not the correct length. Now, can we guess whether we are getting an over estimate or an under estimate of the length? Let us look into the future. Anyway, let us first, I have calculated the difference in the coordinates of the two events. This delta x will be given by x minus x2 because the event one was on the front of the wall. So, this turns out to be gamma L prime divided by 2 into 2. If we take the x coordinate transformation, which we have done just now, the result will turn out to be gamma L prime. So, according to the S observer, these two events occur at a spacing of gamma L prime along the x direction. The x1 minus x2 is an over estimate of length of the train because t1 is greater than t2 and can be collected. Let me just show you this particular picture. Let us suppose this was the position of the train when event number 2 occurred, which was an earlier event. So, this was x2. Even number 1 occurred when the light reached here. This event occurred at a later time. How much was the time difference was delta t, which we have just now calculated. Now, if I take the x1 event according to ground observer, this occurred here because the train has been moved and this train has moved by a distance of v delta t during the time interval in which the two events occurred according to S frame of reference. According to an observer in S frame, this event occurred earlier, this event occurred later and during this particular time, this train was actually moving. And how much distance it would have moved is the speed of the train multiplied by the time difference. So, this was the additional distance that this particular train moved. And therefore, x1 minus x2 actually gave me gamma L prime, which we have just now obtained. And if I want to determine the correct length, what I must do? From this gamma L prime, I must subtract v delta t. Then I will get the correct length as measured in S frame. This is what I have done in the next transparency. My L is equal to delta x minus v delta t. As we have just now seen, delta x is v gamma L prime, v is here. Delta t is gamma L prime v upon c square. We just redistribute the numbers. It becomes gamma L prime to bracket 1 minus v square by c square. If you know, gamma is equal to 1 upon under root v square minus c square and there is no under root here. So, this whole quantity will become L prime under root 1 minus v square by c square, which is 1 by gamma. So, I get length as L prime by gamma. So, as I expected, this length turns out to be a contracted length. This is what I had expected, that because in S prime frame of reference, the length was proper. Hence, it is in this particular frame of reference that the length will turn out to be contracted. Now, let us go to the conclusion. In this particular lecture, we have essentially discussed some examples of Lorentz transformation. In the next lecture, we will obtain the velocity transformation.


I would say one don't be discouraged because it feels like there's a lot to do and in a way there is but every little step is a step forward so It it might seem overwhelming and sometimes it is because you start thinking oh my god I have to put all these things together and some people say this and some people do this and they're talking about ABC cars And they're talking about blah blah blah and then you think what am I doing? Any single step I think is important every little step. It's a step in the right direction To we have nowadays many people who have experienced with this approach many people in many departments Who are working with this approach right now? That's made we have this Gran called C core where we're changing the way we teach and trying to use this type of approach So there's a good cadre of people who are interested in helping and who are willing to help So there's a resource there are resources. I guess I'm sorry to contact them for advice and There are many things to mention, but I would say time I would say keep mindful of time every day because It's a wonderful powerful approach, but it takes time Usually the amount of time you have planned it longer because Activities because class discussions takes longer than you sometimes think so be prepared for The idea that you plan to teach this much and you might end up Teaching this it's something to keep in mind. It takes time and it comes again. We're doing it an experience You start finding out roughly how long it actually each concept takes to understand My advice would be to start small and to do it gradually but to always start with your learning goals, so if I am Designing a lesson or a unit It's meaningless to me now that I've you know taught this course multiple times Without some kind of clear learning target in mind. That's conceptual in nature and that is very clear Clearly stated and specifically stated and then working backwards from there So the working backwards would be things like okay, what do students commonly think about this? What difficulties do they have around it? How will I know what my students? think what will I do to bring out that formative assessment and To figure out what they know and to help them to articulate what they know to each other and so you know, I think that that starting small is probably the The best way to do it because then you can really attend to these specific learning targets in a very meaningful way and think about all the formative assessment that goes along with it With this curriculum, I had had students really Saying things like wow, you know, I I didn't now understand this or I didn't realize this was happening It's not stuff. That's so fun with this class It's just you know being able to see that growth and that that being able to apply those concepts to to other things I just feel like there's a lot of growth over this series with that Sort of being being forced to articulate your thinking Well, we call it Physics life science earth science and everyday thinking and that's really what it's about It is a very powerful Way of teaching and as I mentioned is is the one I would use if I want to improve the chances They actually have enduring understandings of a particular topic


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