Okay, Aaron would you like to pray? Yeah sure, please go ahead. Let me pray. Lord we give all glory and honor to you for blessing this another new day, another new week Lord. Lord help us all to see the incredible hidden word from your word, from your wonderful word Lord as we dive in in your word Lord. Lord help each and every one of us to to understand and experience your love and our Lord transform us so that Lord Father we will enable to share your wonderful word to others and comfort them Lord. So Lord, I bless everyone and I submit rest of the day, rest of the session into your loving hand. Jesus name I pray, Amen. Amen, thank you Aaron. We will we were looking at Hebrews chapter 12. So let's continue from there and today we should be able to complete Hebrews and I'm hoping we can start first Peter. So we saw how we had Hebrews 11 where there was the lives of several men and women of faith recorded for us and that is our encouragement. The writer of the Hebrews encourages the struggling Jews and tells them that they can take courage from those who have finished their race by faith and he and he encourages endurance among the believers and we saw how endurance refers to employing patients in our trials or difficult situations and making sure that we don't give up, but we reach to the end of the race and then he adds there that not only should we look to good life stories of men and women, which is wonderful, but our greatest example is that of the Lord Jesus Christ. So in verse 2 he says looking unto Jesus. Jesus is our focus. So that we must not change. You know when we look at the lives of men and women, I'm sure there will be aspects of their life where maybe they had failed early on in their walk with the Lord. So there are weaknesses that we observe, but when we look at the life of Jesus, we see that he always overcame. So the life of Jesus is a perfect life and which is why looking at the life of Jesus is the best thing that we can do. And he says we can draw our strength from there. He is our he's the author and the finisher of our faith. So in other words, he is the source of our faith and he says that Jesus endured a lot on the cross because he was looking ahead. He had an eternal perspective. He was not just focused on the events that were unfolding before him, but he knew that God had a purpose and that God is going to redeem mankind through his sufferings. So that is the reason Jesus went through it. So he had an eternal perspective and we are also encouraged to have an eternal perspective when it comes to going through trials and sufferings. Now we saw that Jesus despised the shame because there was a lot of shame associated with the cross. We know that he was put down verbally. He was beaten physically through a crown of thorns was put on his head. He was called names. So many things happened to Jesus. So the whole experience of being on the cross was shameful to say the least. But he was not occupied or consumed by the natural occurrences. Instead, he chose to focus on what God was doing. And similarly, when we go through some of the trials and tribulations that can be shame associated with it, persecution, opposition from people. When we want to do what God has called us to do, or you can also call it as run the race when we are running our race the way Jesus ran his race. But we must be like Christ who completed the race anyway and he sat down at the right hand of God. Thus far, we have taken courage from these words. We've seen how Jesus endured hostility and, you know, he overcame and keeping him as our focus is always something that will strengthen us. So now coming to the next section here in Hebrews chapter 12, I'm at verse five. There is, you know, there is how this instruction where the believer is told that God is also someone who chastises us. So to understand chastisement, what we say is it is correction that is brought about as nurturing. So as part of nurturing when correction is spoken over someone that is known as chastisement. So chastisement can be understood well when we look at how parents correct their children. Parents always want their children to do well. They want their children to excel in life. So as children grow up, if they are being disobedient or if they are being careless, there are times that parents will spank them or give them a nice rebuke or, you know, different ways in which they correct and bring chastisement. But in a parent's chastisement of a child, the aspect of love is always there because a parent does not want to destroy the child and his or her future. What they're doing is building them up by teaching them what is right. So that is chastisement. And in the same way here, the writer encourages the believers. You know, sometimes not all trials that we go through are chastisement, but sometimes there can be certain trials we are in which is like God correcting us as a parent. So when that happens, we as his children should not despise or, you know, like just neglect the work that God is doing in our lives. And we should not be discouraged when God rebukes us because we are told that for whom the Lord loves, he chases and scourges every son whom he receives. So God does this act of correction because he loves us. And because he considers us sons and daughters. Now, if we were not sons and daughters, then, you know, there is really no need for God to be so involved in our lives. Now, moving forward, verse 7, we notice that if you endure chastening, so we've understood God corrects us at times and some trials are because God's correction is unfolding in our lives. Now, when that is happening, we're not supposed to despise it and we are supposed to endure it. And we've already seen that endurance is bearing up under pressure. So when there's a lot of pressure around us, we must maintain our courage. We must maintain the focus, the way Jesus endured the cross. He looked at the joy set before him. He looked at the eternal perspective. Imagine where we go through our trial, even one of chastening and look ahead at the things that God has kept for us. Now, whenever we endure chastening or correction from God, we must think that God is dealing with me as a son or a daughter. Now, imagine if a parent does not correct their child. That's not proper parenting. There's always instances in parenting where parents have to teach the child right from wrong and it may involve doing it in a strict sort of a way. And only then, a parent is fulfilling their responsibility. Now, if the parent does not do that, they are not helping the child understand everything they require to lead a righteous adult life. So, it's preparation. Chastening is actually preparation. Now, if God does not correct us, again, we will not be fully developed in our character. So, we are told here in Hebrews for what son is there whom a father does not chase in. So, every good father will correct and shape their children. So, in the same way, because God considers us sons and daughters, he does the chastening. But as I told you, what if the parents don't chase in their children? Now, a very strong statement is made here that, but if you are without chastening, of which all have become partakers, then you are illegitimate and not sons. So, it generally doesn't happen in the parenting scenario because parents love their children and they make sure that they bring some sort of a correction in their journey, in the child's journey. So, if a parent is not interested, that's unfortunate. And let's say in the case of a child who does not really have their own father or mother, that kind of love is lacking in some cases. And so, it's as if they are not fulfilling their responsibility as a parent and that, you know, if that parental love is there, that bond of father and son is, you know, it exists and that's why they are correcting you. But in the case of, you know, what's mentioned here illegitimate sons, it's a strong way of saying that only when that real parental love is lacking, one is okay to let the child grow however they like. Then they're not bothered whether the child is going to suffer in the future and, you know, go through all kinds of difficulties. But God is not like that because he cares for us because he wants to see us developed in our character. There are times that we may go through correction from God.   Now, we do know that in some instances where, you know, the parent is mentally ill or, you know, doesn't recognize or realize that they are doing that to their child, they end up hurting children, but that's not the right way. In general, a parent will always have the safety of the child in their minds. So they will beat, yes, but you know, it's like they want to protect. They don't want it to leave a deep scar in the child's heart. Their only intention is correct yourself. That's all. It's not any deeper than that, the hurt that a rebuke of a parent should inflict on a child. So in that way, God also corrects us. We must see, you know, people look at the challenges that they go through and they might say, okay, you know, this is God's chasing, but God doesn't put sickness on us. That's not chasing. We are quite clear because in the nature of God, we've seen that he's a healer. So if he's a healer, he cannot put sickness on us. So in the name of God chasing us, we shouldn't include things that God has already clearly defined as the works of the devil. Because 1 John 3-8 says that Jesus came to destroy the works of the devil. So there are also the works of the devil that can inflict pain and suffering on us. We shouldn't confuse the two. That's my point. God's chasening is a nurturing chasening where, you know, yes, there is a rebuke, yes, there is a correction, but it is meant to build us and never meant to break us. And our response to the chasening is equally important. Verse 9, we see, we have had human fathers who corrected us and we paid them respect because as children, maybe while growing up, we didn't understand. We thought, oh, why is this happening? But when we grew up, we recognized, oh, if my father would not have taught me that, or if my mother would not have taught me that, I wouldn't know how to live my life. So in the same way, when we look at God correcting us, we must have greater reverence that, oh, God is so interested in my life that I'm going through a training or an equipping into righteousness. So it really, the chasening of God is a good thing because we are receiving God's love through the chasening. So if we paid respect to our parents who corrected us when we were children, you know, we are told that we should not neglect God or we should not reject what God is doing in our lives. We must embrace, okay, God, if you are allowing this chasening in my life, I'm sure there is something you want me to learn from it. I will learn to have a good attitude and a positive attitude while going through that trial. Again, there's a lot of comparison of parents. The father, they chasened us for a few days as it seemed best to them. But God is doing this for our profit. It's not like God wants something out of this, but he knows we are going to benefit out of it. And you see the results of chasening. You know, when we go through correction from God, what is it going to produce in us? See, I pointed out when parents correct us, discipline, okay. We learn right from wrong. So those are all the outcomes of chasening. When God corrects us, you know, the result is holiness, that we may be partakers of his holiness.  He's not just interested in what we can do, but he is so interested in who we become.  What happens when you engage in the word sincerely? You have faith in the word, apply the word, live the word, speak the word.  Yes, God has already done the work of redemption on the cross. We are the righteousness of God in Christ Jesus, but we have to live it out. So in the living out, we are becoming more like Jesus. So even the chastening of God will heal the fruit of holiness in our lives. Now, chastening, we are told, is not joyful. Anyone who enjoyed a spanking that you got from your dad or mom, I don't think so. So in the same way he's saying, when we go through trials, that is really chastening from God, it's never joyful. In the present, it is never joyful, but how is it? It is painful. However, again he points to the outcome and he says, it yields the peaceable fruit of righteousness to those who have been trained by it. So what should be the outcome of responding favorably to the correction of the Lord? Holiness, peaceable fruit of righteousness. So it's what God is working towards. We know that the five-fold ministry offices, they have been appointed by God to equip the body of Christ for what? To be mature, to come to the fullness in Christ Jesus, to become the perfect man. So everything is tending towards perfection in the work that God does. And what is this perfection? The perfection that we are looking for is the very character of Jesus Christ. So the believers are encouraged and they are told, come on. Some trials are the works of the devil. He is bringing it against us. But there can be some trials which are the chastening of the Lord. But when it is a trial that is a chastening of the Lord, remember that it's a very loving correction. God is not going to break our bones and put us down and totally crush us. That's not how God works. But there is an element of going through pain. What is that pain? The pain is the rebellion of our flesh. We don't want to change. We don't want to change our standards to the standards of God's word. So our flesh is crying out. That's the pain that we are talking about. But when we yield to it, the outcome is becoming more like Jesus, maturing, holiness, righteousness. So that is the result. So we must yield to it and that's what he is saying. That he again encourages them and he says, strengthen the hands which hand down and feeble knees. These believers are not just them. Even us in our journey with the Lord, our faith journey, sometimes we can become very weary or tired. So it's nice to listen to a word like this where there is, come on, strengthen yourself, encourage yourself. It's a word like that to just pat them on the back and say, come on, you can do it. So here the writer is just giving them that element of encouragement and he says for you to finish the race, you have to make sure that your members or your body is strong. So strengthen your hands, your feeble knees, make it stronger, make straight parts for your feet. So you make sure that you will be able to complete the race. It's like talking to a real runner who will ensure that they are maintaining all fitness and they have cleared out everything in their path so that they can complete the race. So believer, you make sure that you are strong and you are able to complete God's assignment for your life. But what if you don't do that? He's saying that these weak hands and feeble knees, what will it lead to? Lame-ness, it will make the person lame and also if you're not careful enough in this case, he says let it not be dislocated or just making us more dysfunctional from running in the race. So we shouldn't allow that to happen to us but rather be healed. So even if you have gone through a bout of discouragement, you rise up, you read in the Bible, David encouraged himself in the Lord and sometimes we sit and wait around, let the pastor come, let them encourage me or let my family member encourage me or church elder, let them encourage me. No but don't wait. If you and I are in the race to maintain those high spirits and excitement of running the race, it's our responsibility. So I have to do whatever it takes to become strong in God and keep looking. There are people who have gone through difficulties but they finish the race. Jesus finished the race. I can finish the race. So strengthen myself how spiritually, emotionally, physically. I know what it takes to complete the journey. So that is the attitude believers need to maintain. Then he continues. Now a little bit about the community living. How should the believers be? So you will see that from Hebrews 12. His thought process is changing from topic to topic. So don't get confused. Just follow along. So now he says, pursue peace with all people. So how should we live in community with people? Peace is a very, very critical element. There are believers who will maintain, you know, who have, you know, we have tips with people. We don't get along. We break relationships. So that happens in, even among believers, but as far as possible, the Bible says, yes, I'm sure that, you know, every individual, each one of us here, we don't perfectly gel with, you know, 100% of the people in our lives, but that doesn't mean that we should clash with them or, you know, we should break relationships with them. That's not what it is, but in a peaceable way, you know how you can live in a peaceable way with everyone. You do your best. You do your best now. If they are the ones who don't no longer want to, you know, be in that brotherly relationship with us and we can't help it. But, you know, we can do our part, live peacefully with people, maintain that shalom. Don't create trouble to risk relationships. That's the point here. And as God's people, it says peace, pursue peace with all people. So do your part to be at peace with all people. So that's about our horizontal relationship. And it says, and holiness, holiness is vertical relationship. Holiness, without holiness, you know, we can't see God. Without purity of heart, we can't see God. And we know that God is worshiped in the beauty of His holiness. So the primary attraction of God is He's a holy God. That is what draws us to Him. And if we don't imbibe the same character of holiness, it's when we offer worship to God. You know, it's not the kind of worship that God wants. He wants holiness in our lives. He wants holiness in our worship. He wants us to acknowledge His holiness and follow after His holiness. And that's the call for us. So in our vertical relationship with God, maintain holiness is what we are told. And again, He says, without which, without holiness, no one will see the Lord. So because sin, you know, it clouds our vision of God. When there is sin, we're not able to fully grasp who God is. So it's so important. Holiness is very, very important. Then He says that we just have to be careful about our spiritual life, looking carefully, unless anyone falls short of the grace of God. So don't ever fall short of God's grace. So what should we do in order to have God's grace? We already know that God gives grace to the humble. So walk in humility. And when God gives us grace, you know, through the grace, He gives us gifts. So we have to also use the grace that God has given us. And that is the way in which we honour the grace of God over our lives. Put it to use and, you know, let it be a blessing to the kingdom. Let it be a blessing to, you know, God himself. God will be so proud. Oh, wow. I bless them with this. You remember the parable of the goods to it. You have one talent given to that person. He didn't put it to use. So the master was so upset. He really wants us to use whatever He has given us. So let's put it to use for the glory of His name. So don't ever, you know, fall short of God's grace and we can talk about grace in many angles and say that in this way, you know, His empowering grace is the redeeming grace, whatever in all this, don't ever fall short. Let any root of bitterness bring up cause trouble now. In the community life, He is now mentioning a very key thing and that is bitterness. You know, sometimes what happens, we have community of believers and there are people get offended. Anyone who does not want to get offended, you know, I'll tell you the best ways don't have, don't relate with people. That's the only way to be safe. But when we relate with people and especially when it comes to the kingdom of God, it's not to live alone. We cannot live alone. We are meant to work with others, worship together with others. So there is community. There are people that God has put in our lives. You can't escape it. I can't escape it.  If you don't want those things to happen, you should be a lone ranger. You have to be alone, lock yourself up in the room. But that's not happening. Here in the world, we have to step out. But when we do interact with people, we are in the heart of forgiveness. So that is the best way to do community life. Now, if we don't have that attitude of forgiveness, even when we bring correction as leaders or when we speak the truth in love, that's what we are told. We are not called to, you know, harm others, put others down, break their spirit. Even God doesn't do it when He is chasening His children. He does it like a father. And so, same thing applies to the leaders in the church. The heart of forgiveness is what is required from the believers of the church. Now, if they are not walking in forgiveness, they end up having, they can develop. Now, there is a progression, isn't it? The unforgiveness turns into resentment. It can then become bitterness, jealousy, all the other, like, you know, stronger, stronger attitudes of the heart, stronger negative attitudes of the heart. So, He is warning the community of believers, don't ever let bitterness spring up because what will it lead to? It will lead to trouble, cause trouble. So, He says root of bitterness. So, that's also interesting because as leaders, when we observe that bitterness has started, that is, it has taken root.  You have to quickly chop it off. You have to uproot it immediately, otherwise it will happen. It will become a big tree. It will cause chaos in the church, division in the church. There are so many instances where churches were destroyed because of fights and strife and, you know, things that believers are, the way in which believers are behaving and that is very sad and we should never let that happen. Let's begin, let us begin with us first and as leaders, we must ensure that it doesn't take root in the community. It's very dangerous to have bitterness and then He says, by this many became defiled or it corrupts the entire community. So, be careful and then He says, let's there be any fornicator or profane person like Esau who for one morsel of food sold His birthright. So, again, He points out to an attitude where, you know, you don't take the call of God seriously. That's the example of Esau. What did He do? God, He was rightfully the elder child but when He was hungry, He sold His birthright. How careless! God gave a beautiful position to Him but He sold it in a moment of weakness. So, which means that He did not value what God gave Him and when God, especially in the Kingdom, there are spiritual blessings that God gives us, callings that God gives us, gifts, inheritance that He gives us when we don't value it that displeases God and that is why there is a strong word used for Esau's attitude. We, in what is given in the Bible, we don't see Him as a fornicator. Fornicators are people who indulge in immoral sexual relationship outside of, actually without marriage. People are not married and still they are engaging in sexual activity. That is fornication and it is displeasing to God. So, about Esau, the term used is fornicator but what did He actually do? He rejected spiritual inheritance and that was as good as fornication in God's sight. So, something for us to learn that God gives us to embrace our spiritual blessings and inheritance. Because He rejected it and He did not repent with the right heart even though later on He came back and sought it with tears. It was never given back to Him. So, it's a warning for believers. Don't play around with what God has given us. If we just treat it very lightly, God is not happy with that. Now, we are once again encouraged to come to God because now the new covenant that we are in after what Jesus did and we studied so much about Jesus making the way for us to enter into the presence of God in the book of Hebrews. So, don't you think it is so much more welcoming for the New Testament believer as compared to the devoted person under the old covenant. So, our access is a lot easier. So, the following passages from verses 18 to 21, that's what we see. We are told that you have not come to the mountain that may be touched and that burned with fire because we know that's how God appeared to Moses. He would come upon Mount Sinai with fire and people would see that and tremble. Not just the people, even from Moses, he was afraid to enter God's presence when God showed up in that manner to blackness and darkness and tempest and the sound of a trumpet and the voice of words so that those who heard it beg that the word should not be spoken to them anymore. So, that was the scene of how God came to meet with his people under the old covenant. So, we've understood that. So, let's just skip real move to verse 22. So, we've understood the scenario. Now, how is our path to the Lord? But you have come to Mount Zion. So, remember that. We have come to Mount Zion and we have already seen this. We've seen this earlier, the comparison of what this Mount Zion, we are Mount Zion, how God accepts us as his people and we are redeemed. So, we have seen what this Mount Zion represents but now he calls Mount Zion the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem. And he says that there are innumerable company of angels to the general assembly and the church of the first born who are registered in heaven. So, our citizenship, we are Mount Zion, the church of the Lord Jesus Christ. We are the new Mount Zion. Now, this is not to neglect the promises, the many promises that God has for his own people the Jews and for Israel. So, we're not talking replacement theology. That's not what we're taking, talking. But we also know that in a spiritual sense the believers in the Lord Jesus, we are the new Mount Zion and you see here that the church of the first born who are registered in heaven. So, where is our citizenship? Where is our real membership? We are members of local churches here and we see the value of local churches here on the earth but our true membership is in heaven. That's what we registered in heaven. To God, the judge of all, the spirits of just men made perfect. And then he talks about the new covenant. To Jesus, the mediator of the new covenant and to the blood of sprinkling that speaks better things than the blood of able soul. Now, we are now in the presence of God which looks different from the way it was under the old covenant. There was fear, trembling and people hesitated but they didn't want to die because it was that awesome as they looked at it. But now because of what Jesus has done we have that grace. God is still awesome, he is still mighty but we are covered under grace and we have an entrance into God's presence because the blood of Jesus forgives us since and we have received the mercy of God. It's like I'm remembering Esther. Do you recall there was a rule that you can't enter the king's presence without his permission. If you enter, then death is certain because that was the punishment but Esther took a risk. There was one way the person entering without permission can be safe and that is the king should extend his scepter. He had a scepter in his hand and he should touch that person and say you are permitted, I give you permission and that was very rare. But he did that for Esther. He extended the scepter and said you are permitted to be in my presence so it's like that. What the Lord Jesus has done for us it's very difficult to enter the presence of such a holy God it's like Jesus extending that scepter to us and saying I have covered you, I have permitted you you can come, you can enjoy this holy God and receive from this holy God. So that's our privilege as new covenant believers. Now coming to verse 25 we are encouraged to respond to God. So he says see that God refused him who speaks for if they did not escape who refused him who spoke on earth much more shall we not escape if we turn away from him who speaks from heaven whose voice then shook the earth but now he has promised saying yet once more I shake not only the earth but also heaven. So it's again encouragement intertwined with warning again you know encouragement instruction so it's going all over the place here.  So he's that mighty and verse 27 now this yet once more indicates the removal of those things that are being shaken as of things that are made that the things which cannot be shaken may remain and I'll go ahead with verse 28 also therefore since we are receiving a kingdom which cannot be shaken let us have grace by which we may serve God acceptably with reverence and godly fear for our God is a consuming fire so you know we are told here that everything is subject to God he's the ultimate authority we see in scripture that he is seated you know and he rules over all the nations so this earth is not permanent we saw that even in Hebrews 1 the earth and even the heavens he'll roll it up like a like a cloak so everything on the earth and like even heaven you can see that it can be shaken and God is also talking about a shaking which is coming he says removal of those things that are being shaken as of things that are made that the things cannot which cannot be shaken may remain so there are this world is temporary in other words simply put some things can be shaken and they will not be there and we know that heaven and earth will pass away but God's word will remain so there are some things that are temporary they can be shaken there are some things that are permanent which will not be shaken and God's word will not be shaken you know God will not be shaken he is eternal immutable God and we are told that we are receiving a kingdom what kind of kingdom is he giving us is it an earthly kingdom which can be shaken and which can be easily destroyed no but we have to rejoice because you all have done in second year kingdom of God kingdom builders what kind of kingdom are we building see here receiving a kingdom which cannot be shaken isn't that amazing so amazing that God's kingdom the kind of kingdom that we are a part of it is an unshakable kingdom that in itself you know must bring us a lot of encouragement so even when we see the world around us you know shaking trembling so many things are happening what will happen you know will this world survive whatever it is we now those who believe in the Lord Jesus we have this comfort and encouragement the kingdom which we have it is an unshakable kingdom so we are confident and so you know come on believer keep serving God you know keep yielding to the to the voice of God don't reject his voice that's what we are being told here he says let us have grace by which we may serve God acceptably so serve God continue to serve God how to serve God serve God on his terms not on our terms acceptably acceptable to God with godly reverence reverence and godly fear you see again it's about our relationship with God these are all the elements holiness reverence godly fear we need that you know we can't just do it like okay just whatever I will do anything God is okay nobody is watching me that's not the right attitude for us to serve this unshakable kingdom which we are receiving instead our attitude is wow you know I must honor God in every way he's a holy God I will serve him with holiness I will serve him with reverence reverence is it's a good kind of a fear you're an again awe of this mighty God so you're doing things in in an honorable way to glorify this God so reverence godly fear that's the manner in which we should serve him for our God is a consuming fire God and the work that he does it is seen in various ways it's explained in many ways but here you see another way God is a consuming fire he his presence is like a refining powerful presence and that is why we are told your God is a consuming fire and if you remember there were times in the Old Testament when people would come to the altar and make an offering to God okay and what would happen you know the it'll just be like a fire will come it'll consume you know Elijah God sent his presence like the fire came down and it consumed Solomon gave God an offering and which was consumed by fire so that's our God he receives our offering as a holy God as a pure God so that's what we see so alright class let's go for a break now we have completed the Hebrews chapter 12 we will also finish Hebrews 13 in the next hour and let me see you know if we can go to 1 Peter and cover some portions of that so just a minute or two left here any thoughts any questions from your side I thought that was a you know very beautiful chapter very encouraging okay great so Kiran everyone saying clear I'm happy to know that please to go back meditate we're all here to serve God and that's how we must we've understood what Jesus has done in great depth and we know that because of the way Jesus has prepared the way we have access but that doesn't mean that we take that access lightly we are supposed to serve God holiness with reverence with godly fear because our God is a consuming fire okay so let's take a 10 minute break class we'll come back at 10 o'clock and resume with Hebrews chapter 12 so bye for now


Hatsen Agro Products is the largest private dairy products company in India. The company is based in Tamil Nadu where they have many milk processing plants across several districts and even some outside the state. Hatsen's products like Arun Ice Cream, Arokia Milk, Hatsen Curd and Ibacko Ice Cream are household names in the southern states and in Maharashtra. Making its founder Mr. Ajitendra Mohan, one of the five richest men in Tamil Nadu. The company had a turnover of Rs. 5,500 crores at the end of the 2021 fiscal year and reported a massive 25% increase in net profit for the second quarter as against the same period in the previous year. Around this time the company planned an additional Rs. 450 crore investment to expand its manufacture and distribution. A business biography titled Broke to Breakthrough was published in September this year documenting Chandramohan's success story. He started off as a small-time ice cream seller and went on to build a business empire spanning five decades. Did the company achieve such heights by exploiting its workers? The protests and struggles by the company's employees, particularly from Dharmapuri, makes us think so. We saw that at Hatsen Arokia Milk Company, around 300 employees were working here. The lockdown period started at the time of the pandemic. If you look at the company, there is a small problem. They won't investigate anything immediately. They would lock the door and come in. They wouldn't answer any questions. They wouldn't wait for two or three days to see if they would call the gate again. They wouldn't call. Then they wouldn't have any other choice. Why are they doing this? They couldn't answer any questions. That's how I got married. They sent me when I was five months old. They sent many people like me. Hatsen procures milk from 45 lakh farmers in 500 filling centres in the state. The company has 10,000 permanent and 22,000 contractual employees in Tamil Nadu alone. The workers of the company say that it procures milk from farmers for Rs 23 per litre but sells it at Rs 63. They keep it for 35 years. They keep it for our needs. If they talk to the company, they dismiss it. If they dismiss it, they don't give any order. They keep it for free. Hatsen workers complain that they get only half an hour to have lunch and the canteen is 300 metres away from their workplace. They are often asked to report on off days and treated like school children by the supervisors. The employees working in the factory don't even pay the minimum wages amount. The minimum wages amount is Rs 21,000 for the central government in 2019. But the amount before this is Rs 18,000. The salary of a person who works for 10 years is Rs 13,200. If they ask why, they immediately lock the punch and say, don't come here from tomorrow. This company has been working for 50 years. In the past 50 years, no one has taken any retirement or retirement settlement in a business category. If you look at our Golasanalli plant, it has been working for 12 years. This company has been working for 12 years. In the past 12 years, no one has worked for 12 years. There is a reason and a problem. When the corona lockdown happened, I was locked up in a punch. To meet my manager, I went to his house. He locked the punch and didn't let me in. So, I met him in person. I was married for 5 months. My family was in trouble. I didn't know what to do and he asked me what to do. He asked me what to do. He immediately arrested me and took me there. I tried to kill the manager. I filed a case. In the area we are in, there is a rural, in Palakode, in Golasanalli, there is no industrial area. In this area, there is no knowledge about the industrial area. Whether we work or not, we will have a monthly salary. They will be there. The basic salary and the minimum wages are maintained by our company. We don't have any relation and they send us to work. So, we need an employee union. Not only for employees, but for our employees, we also need to see what happens to the CL. We need to save them and we need to save ourselves. We started a union. We registered in the government. The reason for this is that we need a employer. We registered in the union. August 22nd, 2021, August 22nd, 2021, we have a lot of problems in this company. We don't have any relation, we don't give any salary, we don't say anything. So, if we talk and settle this, our union will be a letter from Dharmapuri. On September 1st, within a week of the formation of their union, we will give away plans, such as the state of Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra. After that, we told about the company's information. We also sent a letter to 2K petition on the Labour office. We called on 22nd September, On the night of the 21st, they came to the shift and asked us to give you a transfer based on their direct appointment. That day, five of them were sent to the office. All of them got scared immediately. They started the union and called for a speech. Immediately, all of them stood outside the strike. When the spot and strike started, a hundred people came out. All of them were 96 employees, 48 CL and 144 people came out. They called for a complaint in the labour office and immediately called for a speech. On September 1, when the company called for a standing order, you should have given them a transfer. But you shouldn't have done that. You should have said that you would have given a transfer in an appointment order. It is wrong to give an order immediately. You should have given an advice copy and said that you shouldn't strike. You should have said that you should work immediately. We were going to work on the 2nd of October and we were going to work on the 2nd of October. You should have been in quarantine for 5 days and checked the RTPCR. Immediately, the 8th of October will join the work. They said that they would work on the 2nd of October. Okay, we were in quarantine till the 5th of October. We were in quarantine till the 6th of October. We were taking the corona test and checked the RTPCR. We were going to work on the 8th of October. What did they do on the 8th? They were balancing the strike. They gave the DSP Dhinakaran in front of the sir. They handed it over to him. You all transferred it. This is the company's name. You should have accepted the transfer for the company's growth. They called 45 police and handed it over to me. If you didn't get it, they would have taken you to the police van. They would have arrested everyone and sent you in. They said that. After that, our leader is CITU. He is the leader of our party. He told the police that he will talk to the police. He said that he will send you to the police van. This is wrong. We have raised this in the lab office. We haven't started the conversation yet. This is wrong. They gave us advice copy. They asked us why we didn't accept the transfer. They asked us why we didn't accept the transfer. If we study the company's names, we will transfer the transfer to the employee's appointment order. We have mentioned that. We will follow that only. We don't need to follow the modeler's standing order. In October 2018, we had a meeting with the CITU and our employees. We had a meeting with the employees' families. When the meeting was done, they had a peace committee in Dasildar office. When Dasildar was in the office, they also said that they had filed a 2K petition. When the company was in the office, they said that they shouldn't take the petition. They said that they should follow that. Our company came there. We didn't have anything to do with the petition. We had given the appointment order. They said that. In October 26, we had a meeting with the CITU and our employees. We had a big meeting with the CITU and our families. When the meeting was done, they called the sub-collector. They also said the same thing to the sub-collector. We didn't do it because of the petition. We had the appointment order of the employees. They signed the agreement. They said the same thing to the sub-collector. They said that they should talk to the sub-collector. They said that they should return the petition. They didn't return the petition. Workers are worried that apart from people from left parties and CITU, nobody is helping them. They say that mainstream media is also not taking up their issue since it will affect their revenue brought through advertisements from Hudson. Until now, we have been waiting for 50 days, without seeing rain and rain. Until now, nobody has given us any government authority. When we sing, every channel star takes a video. They take a petition. They say that they will put it on the channel today or tomorrow. Until now, nobody has put it on any channel. Only Manila Thalviarapattam has put it on two newspapers. Small one is called Taniyar Paaliniravanan. Small one is called Taniyar Paaliniravanan. Only two paragraphs have been put on it. Until now, nobody is taking up their issue. We are still waiting for it. What do the news channels say? They are giving the ad bill to our company. They say that they cannot put it on a news channel. Until now, the news channels are all printed in two K-petitions. They say that they will not put it on the channel. They say that they will not give the ad. They say that they will not give the sub-collector. We are also not giving the ad. We are also not giving the sub-collector. We are asking for your feedback. We are asking you to talk to the company and make things right. Till now, nobody is talking to us. There is no DMK, no ADMK, no other sub-collector.


Hey, I'm Peter Robinson. I'm here to talk about basically the state of Fidora on our Sorry, yeah, so I'm I'm going to be covering Both V7 and a art 64. I'm going to run fairly quickly through most of this If anyone has any questions feel free to ask as we go and The slides are fairly basic, so there'll be a bunch of other information as I go Yeah, so so I mean overall both on V7 and a art 64 are now pretty damn boring pretty much Everything is supported in the user space everything builds And everything just continues to roll along In the server and cloud space so docker base image Cloud images server installers various other bits and pieces All relatively straightforward all looks exactly like x86 all operates exactly as expected pretty much nicely boring and In Fidora 27 Adam Miller has been working on the multi-arch stuff And the modularity team has been working to a degree on the multi-arch stuff So for f27 when modularities happens You know, it'll be there for the arm architectures as well exactly as you would expect for x86 the current plan is to promote Server for art 64 in F28 timeframe, I've spoken to a bunch of people about it. I need to get around to filing Changes and fesco tickets and various other bits and pieces relinch tickets Because I've got vast amounts of work to do like flipping bits for locations of Output and various other bits and pieces, but overall it's it's all there and it works exactly as you would expect Workstation and in particular accelerated GPU support is starting to get quite interesting Going back a few years. We literally had nothing That was open accelerated Drivers for arm and the ecosystem there as a whole was fairly terrible now. We have a handful of Different fully accelerated so at the vid on like the IMX 6 and a few other secs the Tegra Stuff in the more modern GPUs is all supported by the Nuvo driver out of the box Rob Clark has been working on the Fridrino driver and will have a Couple of devices or at least one device That that works on out of the box 64 bit 96 boards dragon board For fedora 26 you should be able to run a fully accelerated workstation out of the box And of course, there's a Raspberry Pi with their open driver where we've supported Accelerated drivers on workstation since fedora 25 and will be bringing that to 64 bit as well in F 27 so Overall the GPU support has been looking quite good and and there's some other interesting stuff coming along there as well so Media acceleration and offload so similar to the way you sort of Android phone can do Like full-screen and video without using huge amounts of CPU and battery We'll be able to do similar sort of stuff on arm. So there's some interesting stuff coming in there Which will make things like media centers and other related things quite interesting on fedora because we'll be able to do fully accelerated offload of Things like h.264 without actually having to ship any codecs and stuff because all just happen in hardware basically and finally 64 bit single board computers such as the Raspberry Pi Will finally support in fedora 27 I was going to hopefully do a demo But it wasn't working and the demo gods weren't with me and the fedora compose process wasn't quite with me But so the way we're working For things like the pine 64 and the raspberry pi and some of the 96 board stuff But basically any of the arm 64 bit single board computers will be UEFI and grub boot So basically it will look exactly like an x86 laptop. You'll get a grub menu. It'll boot Work exactly as you would expect. I mean some of the advantage of that is we get single code paths across SPS a compliant servers and like SBCs and things like that and basically Everything is just nice and simple and works as expected. So there'll be So a couple of those 64 device bit devices like the raspberry pi 3 and the dragon board You'll be able to do fully accelerated workstation on Tiny little sort of boards and and stuff like that so I've been asked for ages when are we going to support that sort of stuff and I've been working on it for ages and we're finally sort of aligned and got all the bits needed into the right places With huge help from people like Rob Clark and mr. Jones and various other upstream Maintainers, you know, it's in a nice position and you know if you find me tomorrow You should be I should be able to demo it for you if you're interested. So so there's a bunch of stuff there where You know finally we're basically becoming normal and boring and everything just works exactly as it would on any other device And the other thing that people ask me about is things like network and storage and stuff like that There's a bunch of cheap single-board computers and similar that can do Some interesting network stuff with network switches and things like that and we're slowly getting some support upstream and Speaking with some vendors and getting them to do some work and various other bits and pieces around things like network functional network function virtualization With things like open v-switch and stuff And like those sort of devices of things like the espresso bin and the macchiato bin and other sort of devices Like that where we end up being able to do some interesting sort of use case and testing around Like storage networking various other embedded use cases that a lot of people are interested in so I mean ultimately the arm stuff now is Nicely boring and basically just works and so Rather than chasing our tail Fixing like user space compile problems and various other bits and pieces like that. We're now looking at sort of Where the arm stuff is cool where we can sort of value add so IOT related stuff is obviously my day job and we're looking at a bunch of things around That and I'm speaking to a bunch of vendors and partners that are interested in doing things around that and actively contributing into fedora I think in fedora 26 We've had engagement from maybe 12 different arm vendors where they're actively hanging out on the IRC channel They're actively testing and fixing bugs and contributing patches and features into fedora And it's taken us a long time to get there, but it's kind of cool seeing, you know, various different arm SAC vendors sort of contributing straight into fedora stuff and You know, I'm getting to the point where there's some things that I previously had to do all myself and People are just like arm vendors are coming in and going hey, we're seeing you need that so We're just going to get on and do it and I didn't actually put it on the slide because I didn't think of it at the time but But Shortly we should be able to start to provide copper for arm 64 as well Actually have the hardware on its way or may even be sitting in the data center already And we just basically need Power and network and a few other bits and pieces Which are being worked on so that we can Enable copper because I think the 64 bit Single board computers and copper are probably the two biggest questions. I get asked around 64 so I'm looking forward to similarly when I added support for the Raspberry Pi I'm looking forward to be able to say hey, it's done. It's over there. Just go and use it. So I Think that's about it. Has anyone got any questions? It is so basically we use you boot and Initially, it was implemented by Susie and that was sort of just enough UEFI and then Rob Clark and Another guy, which I can't remember his name who I think is part of the Debian project and a couple of other individuals have done a bunch of functionality where basically you boot emulates UEFI To enable us to basically run grub and and various other bits and pieces There was a patch set that came through on the list a few weeks ago Which implements all the UEFI network services so you can run things like iPixie and stuff like that on them and so basically so in some cases The devices have tianocore, which is the I suppose you'd say the upstream Yeah reference implementation of UEFI and and so that just works as if it was like but in some cases that is a large complex beefs and Companies coming from the embedded side where they've dealt with you boot a lot Suddenly like oh well if we can do this within you or UEFI within you boot It gives us a way of supporting that plus our old-style boot methods with a single code base so and then so that's now and We don't have it all everything's not quite upstream, but we're not far from it and I'm speaking to vendors like board manufacturers and things like that saying we want SPI flash on these devices and We want you to either put tianocore on that flash or we want you to put you boot With the UEFI support on that flash so that we can just plug in a fedora SD card And it just boosts or you can plug in a Debian or you can plug in a Susie SD card and it'll just work and so these are conversations which Three four years ago. I would never have with vendors and now vendors are coming to me How can we make this easier? What do we need to do to enable this and so it's Interesting because suddenly we're getting to a point where stuff just works like I got an email from Evan Upton the creator of the Raspberry Pi going hey, I've heard you're Doing 64 bit with UEFI and grabbing that on the pie Can you demo it to me? And it's like that's an email. I never thought I would get so so you know It's been a bit of a long haul But that there's some really cool stuff happening and then on top of that We're starting to do things like machine learning and AI and stuff like that. So, you know rather than doing bare metal does this board work The vendors are starting to take over that and I'm slowly starting to be able to like Do IOT things on top and stuff like that which is ultimately what I wanted to do when I first started to scratch the arm It's seven or eight years ago So people would call me a little persistent or you know Any more questions? What do you mean by the problems between servers and SBCs? So there has been a few trade-offs we've had to make So the Enterprise OS supports 64k page sizes We've had to go with 4k page sizes because we need CMA and CMA with 64k page sizes Takes up half a gig of RAM which basically makes say the Pi 3 unusable So there's but that ends up being a trade-off Not really between server and workstation although it may end up being for super large like Multi terabyte size servers But I mean I don't think it's going to change that much because I mean ultimately even on x86 We have monster server HPC cluster versus Like laptops and other such devices and you know there's compromises that have to be made there And I don't see that that's any different on you know on arm versus x86 Maybe the SP like the single board computers and that are smaller specs than you would generally see on say an x86 laptop But there's sort of still similar sort of Trade-offs that need to happen there. So I don't think it would get any worse Certainly, there's probably use cases that are slightly different that might have more of an impact, but you know I Don't I haven't generally seen any sort of major sort of alarm bells that have been ringing anyone else Jared So yes in some cases for Dora does run slower the Raspberry Pi is a case in point and part of that is we use pure upstream and There's reasons for that One maintain a ship. I don't have the time or the interest in maintaining 30 different vendor branches One of the advantages we get of that is we don't get things like Vendor included backdoors and other such things That was saying like a bunch of the all-winner code that other distributions just blanket shipped and That but like in so in the Raspberry Pi case in Fedora 25. It was pretty goddamn slow In Fedora 26, I did a bunch of work and we went from I Think about 8 megabytes a second on a class 10 SD card to 26 28 megabytes a second Which made things a whole lot faster There was a combination of stuff. There was some bugs and in the process of enabling so The Raspberry Pi is kind of interesting in that most armed SBCs will include like three to five or eight MMC Controllers on board to drive different things and they will all be the same IP running the same driver The Raspberry Pi for some reason has two completely different sets of IP for the two MMC controllers that are on board one of the cool things with a bunch of the arm hardware is that you can basically reconfigure how the work Hardware works by adjusting the pinmuxing and so one of the things that happen is when The driver for the Wi-Fi like for the MMC controller that the Wi-Fi is connected to when upstream That one's actually faster So we flipped the pinmuxes which meant basically the SD card got one controller That's a lot faster and it gave us more IO and there was a issue Around the DMA driver where we got a bug fixed upstream and we weren't including it in the in at RD So when the MMC can so like so that fixed a whole bunch of stuff The one big remaining problem with speed on the Raspberry Pi is there's not an upstream CPU frequency driver So it's running at 600 megahertz not the potential 1200 megahertz and yeah, so and That's the case along across a number of different stuff if you ship the vendor kernel they have some optimised ations for it and we're Shipping the upstream kernel and like similarly With the vendor kernel in some cases you can get like the proprietary GPU binaries working and obviously that's not stuff. We're interested in and so like a bunch but like so the orange pie stuff for example people have told me that Actually the fedora stuff runs much faster than some of the vendor stuff because there's been optimisations upstream so it swings and roundabouts and you know sometimes we're not quite as fully featured on some of the devices simply because the code's not upstream and I Don't want to and I don't think the rest of the fedora kernel team wants like a million lines of patch code in there Because that's just not pleasant for anyone And so, you know, there are some devices like the orange pie stuff Which at the moment is great for IOT and servery stuff because it doesn't have the display And you know people ask me what is the best arm device to buy full fedora? And the first thing I reply is what do you want to do with it? Because obviously different tools for different jobs right if you want fast network throughput the Raspberry Pi is not it So, yeah, it's it's complex basically Any more questions cool. Thank you


تفوته آدك الآيام فتا The author then says و ترجعوا الأحكام لليقين فلا يزيلوا الشك لليقين The author he said that رحمه الله He says و ترجعوا الأحكام لليقين فلا يزيلوا الشك لليقين This place The author رحمه الله تعالى He said و ترجعوا الأحكام لليقين That the Shari'a It goes It comes and it revolves around certainty That's what it revolves around The word يقين in the Arabic language It means زوال الشك It's the removal of doubt Some of the أصوليين they say إِنَّ الْيَقِينَ فِي لُغَةِ مَأْخُذُ مِنَ الْإِسْتِقْرَارِ Some of the أصوليين they say لَا يَقِينِ It means إِسْتِقْرَارِ وَنَ مَتَى سَتْلُتْ إِسْتِقْرَارِ يُقالوا they say يَقَنَ الْمَاءُ The water is still بمعنى إستقرأ And the ones who said that is إبن تيميا and الحموية يقولت الحموية He said that And إبن تيميا said that Technically The word يقين means what تُمَأْنِينَ تُلْقَلْبِ وَاستِقْرَارُ لَعِلْمِ فِيهِ It means That Your heart finds tranquility And it also finds what It settles on knowledge in this matter In your heart You feel like There is knowledge regarding this issue The opposite to يقين The author mentions it Is Doubt And doubt is what يُراد بيه التداخل What does it mean? التداخل is when things Enter onto each other We're entered into each other Matters are all mixed up You don't know which one is which وذلك لأن الشاك يتداخل عنده أمراني لا يستطيع ترجيح بينهما Two matters enter onto each other And he doesn't know how to Distinguish them from one another Or separate them from one another Or differentiate one another From each other From one another He doesn't know The word يقين شاك To technically it means Technically it means تجويزو أمراني فما زاد ولا مزية ليحديهم على سائرها It is Permit him to Both of them are Acceptable to you None of them has As An additional Power over the other for you Not one of them Do you have an inclination Towards over the other That's called doubt Both of them are A possibility to you Now When the author says وَترجعوا الاحكاموا للياقيني That the law of the law Goes back to what? It goes back to certainty Here it may seem like And it might be to some people That the author is trying to say that That the religion doesn't base ruling on ظنو الغالب Assumption which is very high And the author doesn't mean that وَالَيْسَ مُرَادُ المُؤَلِّف That's not the intent that the author wants Rather the author sees that it is permissible رحمه الله That إعمالو ظنو الغالب That we work on high assumptions And the احكام of the الشريعة It does come To work on high assumptions You see In many matters And the evidence for that is In Surah Al-Baqara Ayah 230 Allah says So Allah says If a man divorces his wife فإن تلقى The man divorces his wife فلا تحيل له It is not permissible for him من بعد وحتى تنكى حزوجا غيرا It is a man who divorces his wife طلاق بائن He fully let his wife go He finished all of his divorces on her She is now going She is going through what بينونة الكوبرة Finished it all What does she have to go through? Another man has to get married to her You see Now فإمطلقها If the other man she got married to Then divorces her But then that divorce has to not It can't be an idea Or a plan set by the wife and the husband Like go get married to another wife A husband And then come back to me No That marriage is not considered A permissible marriage If they two go together That man and the woman And they get together Then that is not considered as what Even marriage Their committee is in both of them And the man can't even come back to his wife again Because she didn't even get married So There is no permissibility in that But it means that the wife In a genuine way In a genuine way What does she do? She goes And gets married to another man And she just doesn't want to be with that man anymore She doesn't want to be with him And remember the condition is that حتى يذوق عسيلتها ويذوق عسيلتها They have to have a relationship with one another Intimacy has to occur But if the woman Has in her brain And she goes to her husband And says إن شاء الله تعالى I'm going to get married to this man And I will deliberately leave him for you If she says that And she comes to him And he gets married to her Is that permissible? Yes, it's permissible And that marriage is right There's nothing wrong If she came with the idea And he did not input anything towards it If he didn't say to her Do it If he didn't Ha But with the condition She has to go through Intimacy and relationship with what? She has to go through Relationship with the other man نعم فإن طلقها If then she The her and that man go separate ways Allah says فلا جناح عليهما There is no harm on both of them اي تراجعة to come back to each other But Allah says something إن ظن If they both have what? High assumption اي قيمة حدود الله That they will both fulfill Allah's boundaries and limits That they will both fulfill each other's responsibilities That they will not go against Allah's religion That they both will So Where did Allah Conditioned this ruling of permissibility on? فلا جناحا It is no harm No problem If they do that But with what? إن ظن So what we say is فعول بالحكمي على ظن The ظن is what's been made The ruling on here right now Good And the ظن here means what? ظن means اهتمال الراجع We took it as صول الفخ It's اهتمال الراجع It's the two views You have the stronger one 60% 70% You believe it And also the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم He himself He did the same In the authentic hadith The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم He said لا ظنه I do not think انفولانا وفولانا I don't think so and so يعرفان من دينينا شيئا I don't think so and so I have any knowledge of our religion The Prophet said this He said I don't think So and so I have any understanding of our religion I don't think they do نعم So the view of the جماهير اهل العلم The majority of the scholars is that ان ظن الغالب يعمل به مطلقا That The اهتمال Which is راجع The high assumption It is implemented Unrestrictly It is permitted نعم مطلقا But the ظاهرية ظاهرية They believe بأن ظن That the ظن It is it's done It is implemented But in one particular place only في تحقيق المناط المسائل They only believe that ظن is only used When there is ان شاء الله تعالى تحقيق المناط تحقيق المناط تنقيح المناط We'll take that ان شاء الله تعالى Later But they say It is only allowed When there is When they when we're doing تحقيق المناط نعم That's the only time When it's allowed And For example, they say If witnesses come To witness on a matter They said This is a ظنية The witnesses there But it's a ظن They could have seen wrong They could have thought it It's still They said that's no problem But they said It is not That's called what That's called تحقيق المناط المسائل As for ادلة الحكامة شرعية The evidences of the شريعة To use on that To use that for what To use that For ظن As high assumption They said no And based on that They rejected قياس and analogy They rejected it انا عام And Other matters like that ولذلك العلمة محمد الأمين الشانكيطة رحمه الله In صورة الأعراف I advise all of you To go to it أضواء البيان محمد الأمين الشانكيطة رحمه الله He refutes ابن حزم On the issue of قياس محمد الأمين الشانكيطة رحمه الله That the قياس The first person who did it Was إبليس عليه العين الله When he said قلقتني من نارين وقلقتهم من طين Oh Allah, I'm better than him And then what did he When he said Oh Allah, I am better than Adam What was his analogy My original essence The reason why I'm better from him His analogy is what The reason why I'm better than Adam Is because what I was created from Is better than what Adam was created from So ابن حزم says أول من قاس The first person who ever done analogy Is Iblis So based on that He refutes analogy And that analogy Shouldn't be used ابن محمد الأمين الشانكيطة In his أضواء البيان He has a very nice research Of that matter Inshallah Go back to it So to us Inshallah أتعالى مدهب الجمهور أقوى من جهة الدليل السابقة That the The جمهور are more stronger Based on the The ayah That I just gave you In Surat Al-Baqarah And the Hanith Of the professor Allah عليه السلام In which I brought The author then says In that same Line of poetry He says فَلَا يُزِيلُ شَكُّ لِلْيَقِينِ Doubt Cannot remove A certainty Doubt Cannot come And remove certainty This is very important For example A person Doubt comes to him After there was certainty Of a matter But then doubt comes And he's like Oh I don't know Doubtful To us What do we say? We will say Based on the The shari'a فَإِنَهُ لَا يُلْتَفَتُ إِلَى شَكُّ Don't look at that doubt No Stick to what you had already Which is the Certainty And this is very important That a person understands Understands this But then This is important A person Has to have had what? The person has to have The person had Certainty That was present فَلِيَقِينُوا ثَابِتُ The certainty which was there Then the doubt Is something that came later We stick with what's already there Which is the certainty And forget the doubt So a person says I have wudu I know I made wudu I am certain I had wudu I am now doubtful Whether that wudu is gone And if you check Did I break it? Did I not? We will say to him Now there is certainty there Which is what? The wudu was there The doubt that's saying That that wudu is gone Cannot remove the certainty That's already there It can't So we won't look And we won't give no attention Towards what? The doubt We will stick to the certainty That we have And we will stick to it What's the evidence For this قاعدة? Many texts From them is قوله تعالى صورة To Yunus Ayah 36 Allah says إما يتبع أكثرهم إلا ظنن إن ظنن لا يغني من الحق شيئا أن نسبيع من الله تبارك وتعالى إن يتبعون إلا ظنن وإن ظنن لا يغني من الحق شيئا And also صورة النجم ayah 28 And also The hadith of عبد الله بن زيد Which is in صحيح صحيح البخاري المسلم That the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم That he is doubtful رضي الله تعالى That he is doubtful إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم الرجل يجد شيئا في الصلاة That the messenger عليه الصلاة و السلام He was told A complaint was brought to him That a man He finds a noise Sorry A man He finds Doubt in his heart When he is in the prayer He thinks He is in a state of doubt فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم The messenger said لا ينصري for the person He is not allowed to exit that prayer حتى يجد ريحا Unless he receives a wind Oh يسمع صوتا Or unless he hears a noise Don't leave it Meaning stick with the prayer Because some people have waswas نعم And also The messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم He said إذا شك أحدكم في صلاة فلم يدري أصلاة ثلاثة أو أربعة فليضرح الشك وليبن على اليقيني The messenger said If one of you doubts In his prayer Did he pray three or four The prophet said He should toss the doubt And get rid of it And He should stick with the certainty This قاعدة Which is ألياقينه لا يزولوا بشك This قاعدة Is a قاعدة المهمة It's a very powerful principle Very And he enters a lot of the chapters of the The religion Or فق Rather A lot of Rather A lot of matters pertaining to قواعد الفقية are connected to this قاعدة They're connected to this A lot of matters are For example The matters that fall under it Are mainly three إن شاء الله تعالى They're categorized The قواعد that fall under it Are categorized into three The first one is مسائلوا يتفقوا على دراجها في القاعدة ويتفقوا على حكمها Matters and issues That are agreed upon Falling under this قاعدة ولماء are unanimously in agreement That This issue falls under this قاعدة Which is ألياقينه لا يزولوا بشك And Also its ruling is agreed upon Also its ruling is also Agreed upon For example An example for that The first type is what? A person who Is in a state of impurity And من كان محدثا في الصباحي A person who in the morning He had impurity ثم شك بعد ذلك And then after that He has a doubt How طرأة الطهارة علي هل توضأ بعد ذلك He starts to think I was impure Did I go out of my way And do a look The certainty that's present here is what? It is that he knew he was impure The doubt here which is what? That he thinks that he has purity فلا يلتفت إلى الطهارة Don't look at the purity Don't even think about looking at the purity Why? Because the doubt which was there is that impurity Will stick with what was already there Another example is A person ألياقين أنه لا يجوزوا وطول أجنبية A person is certain That it is not permissible To have intimacy with a foreign woman That's not your wife It's not permissible نعم The person has a doubt now Did the marriage take place between me and this woman? Did this mean Me and this woman Did we get married? فلصل أن الأجنبية المحرمة ولا يجوزوا وطولها The answer is that We are sure that the woman who is a أجنبية A foreigner from you She is Haram You are not even sure If the wedding took place Or the أقد النكاح Or you don't know If the أقد النكاح You and this woman Have been married off to each other You don't know It's weird Who would be absent-minded But it's an example So that example is We are certain That it is not permissible To have intimacy with a woman Who is a foreigner We are certain about that But we are in doubt Whether you got married to this woman And your doubt is all about it The shak here right now Is going to The certainty is going to be stuck to Which is that It is Haram For you to have intimacy with this woman Now The second type Is The scholars are unanimously in agreement That this Issue falls Under the But they are disputing Whether the ruling is the same Or they dispute What Well And the The ruling In which is going to be placed In this matter They dispute one another The ruling Example will make it clear for you For example A person If he was a person In the morning A person He is pure in the morning Then he started to doubt After that Then he had impurity That fell on to him Did he break it? Did he break his Lahara? He is doubtful The essence is what? That he And a certain And the one he is sure about Is that he was what? He is pure They are convinced here It's a bit right? It's strong It's present It doesn't remove With that doubt that came after And that is the view Of the majority of the Like in the Maliki Are different here They said No They believe it falls under this Ka'ida But the way they Received the The reality of this issue Is different The Maliki said Are you sure that the certainty That we are going to look at here Is not the individual's action They said we are going to look at And are you sure that Is that the Salah is wajib In a person's neck And shoulder We can't remove that certainty With a ta'ara Which we doubt Whether he broke it or not Without it The Salah is only on your neck We know the Salah Conditions ta'ara You as an individual are what? Are doubt for whether You've got that ta'ara So the Maliki said You can't pray You can't pray Another example That falls under this one Is what? إذا طلق الإنسان وزوجته إيبان Debuses his wife وشك And he doubts هل طلقها 3 or 1 Whether he debuses 3 or 1 He doubts The majority of the علماء Of the view is what? النكاح في زمان الأولي The nikah At the beginning When you got married to your wife Which was what? And that is certain is That you had 3 That you had a full That your wife was fully yours And there was no ta'ara When you got married to her The day you got married to There wasn't ta'ara That is متيقن We know that And that's the certainty We won't Remove The doubt that you have brought فلانوزيلو بالطلاق مشكوك فيه We're not going to Remove it with a طلاق that is doubted We're not going to take it And we will consider it بأنها طلقة واحدة That is only one We'll take the 3 We'll just take one The ماليكية they said لا The certainty is what? تحريم وقت الأجنبية The placing And having intimacy With a woman And having a partner from you Is حراب So their أصل Their يقين is not a marriage Their يقين is what? The essence of intimacy With a woman A woman is أصل للل She's حرام from you That's the certain To permit it for yourself You have to be evidence If a man says To you actually this woman Is حرام from you Are you with me? He's sticking with the أصل You have to be evidence That this is your wife You have to be my witness Of فلان Of فلان And my witnesses That's when you're allowed They said now فلان وزيروا هذا الأصل المتيقن من يكاح المشكوك They said we're not going to Remove it With a يكاح Which is doubtful And because of that We're going to count it As three طلقات Three طلقات Your wife is She's not yours anymore Then we go back to The يقين Which we're sure of We'll stick with that She's not your wife anymore You're going to leave her So here When you look at it They all believe It falls under what? They all believe It falls under The قاعدة Which is But the issue that they disputed Is the حكم The ruling that comes out of it Where's the first part What was it? They believed that It falls under The قاعدة But they also agreed On the حكم The second one Is what? مسائل يدرجها Some of the فقها Put it under The قاعدة And the يقين And other groups They see what? They see what? عدم يدرجها That it shouldn't be thrown Under this قاعدة For example It would be A person who done وضو A person who done what? He done وضو Some of the فقها They say put it under this قاعدة Some say no, no, no Under this قاعدة That you mentioned So the example would be For example A person who does وضو in the morning And then he ate The meat of a camel He ate camel meat The scholars here They said The majority of the علماء جمهور They said لا يزلوا يقينوا الطهارة The certainty Of the طهارة Will not be removed With what? The doubt of whether you ate If the meat you ate Was a camel meat or not The others What did they say? That this issue They said what? That this issue is what? It doesn't even fall under this قاعدة And they took another part regarding it Anyways This قاعدة is very important That the علماء In which they have replaced And they have used It's a very powerful قاعدة And it's this قاعدة That the علماء took from it What is known as اصتصحاب اصتصحاب was taken from this قاعدة Which is always the The original essence is the certainty اصتصحاب means The original essence of something And اصتصحاب is of types اصتصحاب is of types And there are five types of اصتصحاب There are There are six types of اصتصحاب There are six types of what? There are six types of اصتصحاب The first type of اصتصحاب Means اصتصحاب will be had to lastly The first is called The اصتصحاب of The original permissibility That this thing is originally permitted For example Somebody will say to you اصل في الافعال The actual of actions is that it's permissible I can do whatever action I like You have to prove to me that that action is not permitted I'm sticking with the اصتصحاب The second now is اصتصحاب البراء The original essence of That you're free from this You're buried from this Which is فالأصل النظيمة من براءة The original essence that The person is an innocent He's free There's nothing he can be held accountable for If I and you go to a court Are you with me? The way that the judge would work is as follows The Qazi won't say to me Who's the innocent person Prove your innocence He never does work like that Anyone who's accusing me The one who's accusing has to be in evidence Because he's trying to Get rid of my original essence My innocence And that is the اصل Does that make sense? Number three is اصتصحاب نص الشارع حتى يثبت انه من صوخ The is to have that this text Is a نص Meaning It is something that can be used It's not abrogated And that is an evidence I can apply it The original essence that I use it Anyone who says it's abrogated Bring evidence He can't turn to me and say أخي Bring evidence that the delay you're using Is not abrogated That's wrong The evidence is on him To prove that So Lowell can just say That this evidence is abrogated Unless he brings an evidence The ussell of the text is what? That is a proof I can use it Number four is The is to have is that The text are general Unless there comes something that specifies it So when I have إلا ما أخصه الدليل Unless you bring an evidence So when I say to you أخي this is a general My evidence is what? Don't ask me for evidence I'm sticking to the اصل My evidence is the اصل You have to prove that it's It's specific So for example if you say to me This action is specific to the prophet I don't have to bring evidence for that You have to bring it That's specific to the prophet The اصل is What's ever in the Quran We need to implement it What? All of it It's general for everybody If you say This is to the prophet What do I say to you Bring your evidence for this Can I marry nine wives The اصل is yes If I now you and I Are discussing this issue I'll say to you yes You will come to me and say It's not Why? Then you bring evidence Huh?  But I said I can say to you now It's permissible The action The action is what It's permissible Now you're going to say to me In وهبت نفسه In عراد النبي And he is خالصة لك من دون المؤمنين This is خالص خالص So this عام You specify the evidence This is the general The fifth one is اصطحاب الوصف The description is The essence of the description What do I mean By the essence of this description The اصطحاب Which is اصطحاب التحاب في الصباح That This description of purity Huh? Is The essence is that The اصطحاب التحاب Which is Which is present in the morning نعم For example A person All day he's pure Unless the شريعة Where he came and he said No, when you wake up You can't be pure Even if you haven't done anything It doesn't matter the شريعة I gave an exception to these نعم Number five Which is اجمع Sorry, sorry Number six is what اصطحاب حالوا اجمع في محل النزاع اجمع What does that mean For example The علماء قبل الصلاة قبل الصلاة بطلت تيممو And an example For this would be For example The scholars They disputed one another They what They disputed one another Does the purity Sorry Sorry, sorry, sorry اجمع علماء The scholars unanimously agreed upon أن مراء الماء And the person who sees water قبل الصلاة Before the prayer He's تيممو He's nullified Before the prayer ثم اختلفوا Then the scholars disputed one another اذا رأوه في اثناء الصلاة If he sees it We ask these in the prayer فتغيرت احدى احدى الصفات They said One of the descriptions Here has changed فهل يصحب للإنسان أن يقول Is it permissible For a person to say اذا رأى الماء قبل الصلاة بطلت يمو بالجمع فنصتصحب ذلك فيما اذا رأىه في اثناء الصلاة Is it permissible For a person to use اصتصحب here And to say Because there is an اجمع That we know It's out there That says that if the person He sees water Are you with me? Are you guys there? Can I use the اجمع as evidence By saying اصتصحب of the اجمع By saying That the اجمع It says That if you see the water Before the صلاة You're So it gives me That I'm going to say That the اجمع Permits That if he sees it While in the prayer That it will nullify I'll bring that I'll move it While the prayer Saying that Before the prayer It will take اجمع here This is called اجمع To bring اجمع In a place Where there's There's a discussion in it Something you have اجمع For you say اجمع It still goes on And you say to the other person You bring evidence that it can And you just stick with the اجمع Can you say that? Some scholars They say نعم Another group of scholars They said اصتصحب اصتصحب ليس هو اجمع It is not اجمع Not at all And it seems like That is the strongest view نعم