listen to daddy okay daddy tell you baby don't worry what's going on everybody welcome to a special Cantonese episode of Feng Bro's food today we are here with Nelson Chan we're here with Kevla David and Andrew from the Feng Bro's this video is going to be really interesting because we are going to be going low and high and talking about everything Cantonese and I think the reason that we wanted to do this video is because I think on our channel we talk about so many things that are relatable across Asian cultures you know it's Pan-Asian one of the groups that we happen to be all very familiar with is the Cantonese group Canton pride and we are actually all different types of Cantonese because Cantonese just doesn't come from southern China Kev where are your parents from my parents were born and raised in Vietnam but my grandparents were born and raised in China I'm not exactly sure which part 100% Cantonese Nelson where are your parents from my parents are from Zhongshan they moved to Macau when they were like teenagers I was actually born in Macau so full Cantonese for that my grandfather was from Hawke's Island but dad got born in Guangzhou but then got raised in HK in this video we are going to be eating two levels of Cantonese food and I don't want to say that this is like the hood style but this is definitely more like the down home style the homie style cash only type and then we're going to take it to a new fancy Cantonese restaurant that just opened up in the 626 so we're going to see both levels and I think that this is interesting because Cantonese do have all levels the same place that you get $2 dim sum you can buy like a $60 crab there you can buy one piece of abalone that's $250 yeah so even within a single Cantonese restaurant there's different levels and I think it's confusing for a lot of people but that's why we have to start here at Samwoo one of the most famous barbecue spots in LA when you grow up Cantonese in America going to these like real hole in the wall quote unquote low-end hood spots everybody does it it's normal it's part of the culture this is your to-go spot so if you are doing like a party and you need four ducks this is where you're gonna get it but you're not necessarily taking girls here on dates no I think it's gonna taste everything right now it's going on with the duck roast duck in Cantonese is seal op guess what it sounds a duck fish you think it sounds like quack okay but let's be honest man it could sound like everybody trying to chashu oh the candy flavor oh my gosh being like the first large amount of Asians in America what are some things that we can be proud about being Cantonese for resilience sacrifice one of the most hardest work in Asians out there yes by far we created the seven day a week restaurant if you needed a restaurant open on Christmas day and I'll tell you this me and Andra are half northern northern people will not open seven days a week and they're not trying to do 16 hour shifts either I definitely think that Cantonese are really open minded we'll eat anybody else's food I think the most open minded foodies at their core are Cantonese because if you think about the positioning of Canton or southern China it is in between southeast Asia and east Asia it has all of mid and northern China and then Japan and Korea up there but then below it's right next to Vietnam there's a lot of Chinese people in Thailand and Cambodia people from southern China are the ones that went everywhere in the world started businesses started the Chinatowns in Jamaica in Panama and I know personally people from there and that's what's like incredible about it and they're not playing around with how big this paid on that is that's a nice slice almost like a mushroom no that's part of like a orange you know a lot of canto restaurants are open really late like like there's a few restaurants that are open late to like 12 a.m where you could buy lobsters and fish kids running around at 11 30 I've been to those restaurants late at night I think there's something about Cantonese culture that I noticed where they just stay up late and I will say this I do think I know enough about other Asian groups to say that some other Asians might have bedtimes but Cantonese kids do not did you guys have a bedtime no strict bedtime strict bedtime no like there's times my parents tell me to go to sleep but they never be like you need to be in bed by this time no I don't know that was not a big fan of like the hardcore structure yeah with the ground rules and stuff you know like that like the house rules I think there's an assumption that like you're just not going to be that crazy me and Andrew got so into entertainment is that we would stay up and watch Jay Leno David Letterman Conan O'Brien and you know how like you watch all those variety shows you get so much exposure to the entertainment world as a young kid I do feel like the Cantonese people are the only person who would have like another thing just kind of off topic only in hood canto spots like a restaurant like this I can see you sweating and we're not having like hot pot or something yeah that's true that's a good point don't you take off the beanie and show them you're being cancelled we grew up in the Seattle area which was very close to Vancouver and Vancouver Canada is known to be kind of like a fancy Cantonese place think about it Hong Kong was a British colony with Australia and Canada those are still like very closely tied with England so if you have an English passport or you have some sort of relationship through being colonized in Hong Kong then you would go to either Canada or Australia our dads raised in Hong Kong so we you know we identify as HK Cantonese but growing up we didn't meet that many HK Cantonese in America I feel like we got so hooded and eyes that I can't even relate to the HK candles anymore when I look at two cultures I don't see socioeconomic class first I look at the way people talk the way people interact their friendliness of course I acknowledge that Cambodia town and little Tokyo look completely different like socioeconomically no that's just not always the first thing on my mind but I'm saying that that's so Cantonese of me to see it that way I think other people might see it as skin color or money I think it's because just in the cancel world there's so many different people candle that there might be a really poor candle or just really rich Canton people there's just a whole wide spectrum we can see that what their own people our own friends and family there's always a rich uncle somewhere in a Cantonese family and then like nobody else got to be rich I always say that being candle gives you super large amount of perspective yeah because you see the high and the low all and even like one street you don't want to lead you to have when you have a lot of perspective it leads you to be really funny if you think about it aquafina spark Cantonese Ronnie Chang spark Cantonese gimme oh yang alley Wong Jin Jin Steven Child the godfather of Chinese comedy there's this one scene from this old Steven Child movie where he's eating and smoking a cigarette at the same time he's like so sad right and then he's just eating and then as he's chewing like to wash down the food with the cigarette and he looks mad like desperate and sad would you say one of the things about you gotta be at least a little bit goofy yeah for sure my dad still calls my mom to us mommy he'd be like to mommy go and you're here and you're like but that's my mom no but you know what I mean like that's just the role in the family yeah dad would say daddy to daddy let listen to daddy okay daddy tell you baby don't worry talking about Cantonese come up with some incredible slang and you know the word boba they actually don't use the word boba in taiwan because boba in taiwan means big boobs the people who came up with that slang was in hong kong no i remember this lady got offended one time i was when i was in taiwan and i was like oh yeah can i get some boba and then i was asking for the big boba so i was like and then she was like i think what a lot of people feel about Cantonese food and then this you know does reflect onto the culture as well as like Cantonese food it's tasty and it's cheap but then it's not as trendy or cool right now like we're joking earlier this is not the greatest date spot any Cantonese spot in America would not necessarily make a good thing in America now i'm not saying across the world to me the reason that Cantonese are super underrated is um because like a lot of the people who came over they still open up Cantonese restaurants but they actually weren't chefs they were just cooking to make money and then it kind of brought a bad name but once you get the the people who actually know how to cook this stuff it's incredibly complex it's actually one of the most complex foods in asia bar none even to make this one ton skin right here this process is so complicated yeah i'll think of how many different flavors and ingredients we have on this table right here and this is not even the craziest spread you have lobster noodles you have a fried fish with soy sauce you have roast duck here duck feet okay you have fried fish skins you have roast barbecue pork you have one ton you have kanji i don't like to feel like we are like cheap food people forever like i don't believe that like we have expensive food and we're about to go eat it so before we go on to our next spot what are our takeaways from eating here at samwoo this is no subject man pretty much just like what i grew up on brings back good memories this is considered the low end spot but you know this is what we kind of have to eat growing up you know with our parents or if we had low income and whatnot them feeding us this is probably still a lot of money to them no that is true no looking at this hanging out as homies and stuff like we look back like you know this is very humbling and i'm very appreciative for being Cantonese and you know my childhood and my upbringing and my culture see this is the cheapest high-end dish i think that you can get in asian america period for cantonese to be able to cook this level of complex food for this cheap is unbelievable still make it taste good it's delicious actually make it tasty make it tasty now that we did the quote unquote hood spot you guys ready to hit the fancy one should i wait it man all right let's go we're here at opal in san gabriel did you guys ever think that growing up in san gabriel i'll hammer that there would be a spot like this never never i thought i walked into one of those nice a brand new casino hotels you know and mcow when he's a lobster on fire for you know this uh barbecue pork and this one is a muslin pork shoot you shoot you it's like the snow fish yes i speak to you the last one you will be the wagyu wagyu beef how do you know this is all been elevated by seafoo chef horris uh i got this lobster noodles with ifu noodles lobster with ifu noodles ah oh look they got serving chopsticks yo let's go in let's start with the classic cantonese dishes the char siu not super sweet our love the candying on the outside it's a little lean more on the chewier side yo we gotta get into this one let me serve this up this chilean sea bass hit me that's buttery man the sea bass man what we call the suit you my dad used to like fishes a lot you know what it's good if it's done not basically if it bounces off your teeth when you're eating it's just like oh that's sea bass got bounced they got this shoot you almost feeling like a scallop it's like your traditional walnut prawns except it's got a wasabi kick to it it's not too heavy when you're eating like you can eat like a lot of these whereas you eat the mayonnaise version you can't eat like two and you're done what they're doing here it's sort of shucking some of the national stereotypes about cantonese food out the window you know they are elevating it but they're still keeping the core of the cantonese cuisine intact so often canto food is cooked at a very cheap level so of course the ingredients are not going to be top-notch and all this and it serve very quickly but if you take your time and even just improve the quality or even spice it up change it up a little bit you know it can be as good as any other dish food itself may be good but if you don't make everything around it they experience how the food is presented how the waivers even talk to you yeah because it's almost like the apple iphone they don't just give it to you they give it to you in a super nice bar hey this one ton soup this one ton man cheers cheers hey who cheers one ton soup no that soup is so clean and tasty you know you'd be boiling five plus hours that one ton soup it takes like Hong Kong how can we bring other cantonese people to be willing to spend more money to try the higher end cantonese food i feel like if they did try it they would be willing to spend the money so far i have not been disappointed with one thing yet everything just elevated there is branding issues man so that's why you gotta market yourself in american i just feel like it's this misrepresented misunderstood when we first came out with the six to six music video and we were doing youtube and we were speaking Mandarin and Cantonese there was chinese people would not believe that we were in chinese they couldn't believe that they own people would make a fancy production again this is exactly why we need to make videos videos like you guys are making artists breaking these types of barriers because you would have cantile people you guys know who are shutting down these ideas and even when it's done they still have to you guys think the doubt makes them feel comfortable because it's almost like it counts yourself out because you know how once you believe something's possible it makes you uncomfortable because now you have to go do it but it's almost like it makes yourself comfortable to take yourself out of the race no it's like when you when uh you set yourself out of from talking to like a girl you really want to talk to you're like oh my gosh i'm thinking about it i want to go i'm sure you're never gonna like me no no no you set yourself um you know i'm too short all my hands out they're playing not to lose so you put themselves out of the race out of competition you can't lose because you're never in it exactly they're losing yeah and dude people was like always like you know when we made me and edu uh our music hasn't been as well received as our comedy and people would be like oh it's cringe it's cringe you know to me being cringy it don't mean nothing to me because it means that i'm taking shots it's sometimes i don't have the team around me or the systems or maybe we music production or whatever something out and it ended up may or may not have i agreed that it ended up a little cringy i don't care you're gonna lose every time if you don't shoot because i'm like somebody gotta make videos listen maybe our next video is better maybe our next music video is better maybe someone else's next music video is better because of what we did but i'm like no unless you actually we won't know nobody's bad and no one's stepping up to bed listen some people are mad that we're the only ones bad seriously some people are mad should have been somebody else fun girls making videos why why are they making videos i want to do it because we're the only one making videos that's why we're making videos it's easy to be a world-class critic it's hard to even be a c-level creator oh that's a line y'all all right let's try this peaking duck guys pockets here folded nicely almost like a pocket square yeah wow not caviar is like i might just have to eat this caviar by itself bro i got a challenge for any people that are Cantonese park Cantonese or even know a Cantonese person i would like you to challenge them to do something that pushes the culture forward wow even if that's just hosting a dinner for their friends well i just think mentally is probably the most important thing to start with just be mentally more aggressive you know be more obviously more open-minded get out of your comfort zone and be in attack mode rather than be on defense mode but what do you think uh allowed you to be in attack mode i mean it might be the people are kind of hung out with and grew up with no they're not conservative they're more outgoing and doing a bunch of crazy things where you know normally a traditional Cantonese person would not do i gotta give a big shout out to is your mom now for a first-generation chinese person you know especially when speak mato she's very supportive of whatever you want to do that is true i think a lot of times when we say what you want to do it's a lot of parents don't think you're gonna be successful exactly in their mind they already know because they're fearful actually it comes from fear from family like if you told them and they knew that you were gonna be good then they wouldn't say that first thing they jump to is just like oh my god he's gonna fail they were coached from an era of asia where you didn't get a lot of chances at life if you look at america and the structure of the west it allows for a lot of chances it's almost like you get like six swings at your at that and in asia they've all been coached that you just get one swing do you either make a hit or you out now remember when we filmed that kobe signature moves in new york china town yep the day before i told a friend of ours that we were gonna film that it's cancel friend my cancer friend and it was cold and he goes dude don't do it you're gonna die you can't do that you can't do that and i remember i looked at him straight in his face and i did not have a smile on my face and i just said man all i hear is you just telling me what i can't do you're not telling me what i can do you're not giving me a solution about how i can accomplish that all you're doing is spending all your breath telling me what i can't do and guess what i stopped being friends with that person right there in that spot you show people that even if they don't have a gym and it's in the winter in new york you can start a youtube channel right yeah i started it in one of the coldest winters in new york that season i was freezing my butt off out on the park the streets where it was like 10 degrees whatever you have around you just just use it and just go out and do it if anything you guys take away from our videos that even if people around you telling you this is the cap of maxima what's possible nah you can have your cap up here like way beyond that yeah no cap no cap no cap no cap for real guai fa kt guai fa kt go i like that little seasoning stuff on top yo that they got a little herbs on top that tastes different there it is that was very floral oh that was good though yo you see this little daisy eat it i think i'm scared no i can do do it look what you may me do i guess what i'm saying is just Cantonese are underrated and i think that we have to take some responsibility for why that is once you've acknowledged this situation and you know that there are certain factors beyond your control but there are factors within your control then it is up to you to go change those factors and take action can't oh yo that's crazy you can do it yo if you just keep doing what you've been doing you're gonna keep getting what you've been getting and i guess if you're okay with what you've been getting then carry on and if you're not okay with what you've been getting then you gotta do something but take action do something and if you don't attack i will say this if you really cannot attack and be proactive and make something happen at least support support somebody who is doing something that you enjoy that you feel is pushing it forward keeping the culture alive all right everybody thank you so much for watching that video shout out to kev shout out to nel this is david and andrew from the fun bros please in the comments down below let us know what you think about the future of cantonese culture and food around the world and give us any updates from where you're at if something cool is going on by the way i know that everything we said is just like our experience it's our experience our opinions i don't know you know it might have been completely different where you got right i'm sure we're gonna get maybe some uh corrections as far as historical facts i'm willing to read those as well all right everybody we are in singabriel california and until next time we out please i can't really can be funny


Life is good all this month at Appalachian Wireless. Get the LG G5 for just one penny with sign up or renewal of a two year service agreement. That's almost $100 off the regular price. Better service, bigger savings. That's today's Appalachian Wireless. With warmer weather coming, festivals are right around the corner. One local band is in the process of getting other local bands together for an all day jam session if you will for a new festival, Star City Music Day. We just want to set a day aside for everyone to be together and just create a platform for our community to show off all the cultural things that it has going on. Even though the name of the festival is Star City Music, all types of vendors are welcome, especially those from the artistic realm. There's going to be some interactive art stuff. There are vendors and we're currently looking to fill up some spots about it. I can't promise that there'll be room, but it'll be free. You won't have to pay a fee or anything like that. Most have heard the saying, shop local, which is the basis behind Star City Music Day. There's so much talent and in the past the model has been, well, you have to leave to pursue that and I did that. I left and I say, why? Why do I have to go and live somewhere I don't want to live to do what I want to do? And I know there's a lot of people that feel that way, not just artistically, but across the board and to me it takes everyone coming together to create our own platform so we don't have to go somewhere else. Star City Music Day will be held April 29th from 1pm to 7pm. For more information, email event planners at starcitydayatgmail.com or follow Sunday Best on Facebook for updates. Reporting in Prestonsburg for EKB News, I'm Shelby Steele.


What's up guys evil D here and today I want to speak about why you should include Esperanto on your resume now The reason I'm covering this is simple yesterday I went to a job interview and I believe it helped me out a lot and second I see people asking about this So I figured you know, I'm going to give my opinion. I'm a youtuber. I have an opinion. You're gonna listen Okay, so the best way to show you why is to give you my history I learned Esperanto when I was in the army after I left the army. Obviously I was looking for a job I decide not to include in my resume because I thought it would make me look silly took a while I eventually found a job after that I decided, you know time to progress my career I started looking for jobs again But this time I was going to include Esperanto at the end of the resume in the interest section one word because this was something I was passionate about I've taken part in non-profits. I've done a lot of stuff in the Esperanto movement So I figured I'm going to include it. What's the worst that could happen? Some guy will look at it laugh at it and go Esperanto is so funny. No one speaks that and then I wouldn't want to work with them anyway So I included it. I went to a job interview sat down. There was three people in front of me You know how it is in every job interview You sit on one side of the table and all the other people sit on the other and those three people HR infrastructure manager and Yes, it was a developer. So we were sitting there. They'll ask me the general questions It was very like formal cold and then the developer jumped in he goes. I just got to ask I gotta ask you got Esperanto on your resume. I've heard about that before I didn't think people spoke that and I started telling him about my experiences with the language and he was fascinating Guess what? The other two became fascinating. They were sitting there going That's really cool. By the end of the interview it was no longer that static cold feeling between us It was more like just a friendly conversation and I went home and the next day I got a call from the agent I had landed the job and I thought you know what it's obviously not because they want to Learn Esperanto it's just because it's so unique Okay, obviously, this is not going to work when everyone speaks Esperanto But for now it's a very unique skill. Okay, so if you've got any unique skill doesn't have to be Esperanto But something really unique put it on your resume because they look at it And they just can't help but ask then I went for my next job the one that was right here that I just quit recently I remember I sat down and I was speaking with the CEO and my direct manager and Because it was a small company and my CEO he has a heavy Israeli accent and he goes look at each and I see you In the army for six years or we are a very Multicultural company. I'm not sure you could work with the other people being soldier and everything. I'm not gonna continue the accent That was really hard as it was And then at that point I go well actually if you look at the end of the resume I also speak Esperanto and I was about to explain it to him But he'd actually heard about it before and he goes he was like isn't that that language that disappeared in the 80s And he knew what the concept was behind it But once he realized that I spoke this he then trusted that I would be someone who would be willing to work with people in a very Multicultural environment anyway, I left Got the job the next day and just before I left the job recently I sat down at the CEO on the last day and he said you know what? Picking you was a really good choice and then he asked me a few more questions about Esperanto So he was interested yesterday. This is the biggest time. It's helped me Went to a job interview Contractor role I'm doing contracting now and I sat down those two people a woman and a guy there the guy like when we sat down In the interview it was in the the cafe of the actual place We sat down and he got up and he went and got us a drink and the woman Like bent over and she goes I see you speak Esperanto You're the second Esperanto speaker I've ever met and I was like you've met another and she's like yeah Yeah, when I was in Brazil, I was in a hostel when I was younger I met an Esperanto speaker there and then I told her about my travels and she wanted to know more Anyway, we spoke a little bit then the other guy found out and then we spoke a little bit more about it And then we moved into the core of the interview and that's what we start speaking about management and stuff like that It really helped to break that ice again It was like that icebreaker and I feel that every person needs an icebreaker on their resume I was you're basically the same as everyone else and my unique skill is Esperanto And that's why I think because you're an Esperanto speaker most likely you are obviously there's not an Esperanto speaker I watch my channel, but if you are included it's gonna help you out That's basically it so if you've liked this video give it a like share it around your friends sub to the channel if you haven't already And I just punched myself in the face and I see you all in the next video I was a punch you in the face Kaikiel, I always want to thank my subscribers for a page Donatsu dollar monate For certifying the existence of this channel My subscribers now are Sarah, Joe, Miguel, Bad, Tommy, Alex, Jake, Rafa, Chuck, Craig, Marvin, The Igor, Cuba, Jacob, Jason Knuckles, Shane and Greg


Boston University's women's soccer team went up against Bucknell Sunday afternoon, battling on the sunny Nickerson field for the Patriot League Championship title. BU ultimately lost 0-1, along with their chance to advance to the NCAA tournament. BU freshman Celia Braun replaced an injured Gretchen Bennett as goalkeeper just 74 seconds into the game. Eight minutes in, Bucknell had to bench sophomore Kanar Gelman. But the game raged on, with consistent saves on both sides, leaving the score tied at the end of the first half. I don't know if you were aware of this, but the last time they played they ended in a draw 0-0. So we're hopeful that obviously this is going to go on through PKs. There will be a winner out of today's game. And Bucknell prevailed, earning a goal with almost 15 minutes left on the clock. BU supporters were dejected at the outcome, but assured of the Terriers' skills. I thought that BU dominated the first half and had a couple of chances that they probably should have put away. And I think that would have changed the whole complexion of the game. But when you don't put your chances away, soccer's a funny game. And sometimes teams come back and beat you even though you dominate the game. Wall spirits are a bit low for the BU crowd today because of the loss. Supporters are confident that the Boston University's women's soccer team will be taking the Patriot League title next fall and advancing to the NCAA tournament. Reporting for BU TV 10, I'm Carmen Lustria.


Faito sanitary essentially requires a lot of international cooperation and the importance of a conference like this, thanks to the convenances that it gets people together with diverse backgrounds to cooperate in dealing with matters of plant health that impact food security, impact trade and impact environment. So this is important in setting the agenda for all efforts to ultimately fulfill a number of sustainable development goals. I think this conference has served as an opportunity to initiate new cooperation and strengthen existing corporations that will support IPPC, FAO and other international stakeholders in improving the management of plant health. Thank you.


here. So just as a reminder, this webinar is sponsored by the North Central Region Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education. So most of us know that as North Central Region SAIR. So they're the ones that put forth the funding and would have given us lunch if we did on this live, but instead we're doing it this way. And so we just really appreciate them and all the support that they've given us. For those of you who don't know, I don't know that I've introduced myself. I'm Mary Keena from the NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center. And I get to work with this team that's putting this on. And so I'm the Livestock Environmental Management Specialist and you'll get to hear more from me on Thursday. Today, our first speaker is going to be Miranda Meehan. And Miranda is the Livestock Environmental Stewardship Specialist. Miranda is located on campus. And so Miranda does a lot for us and with us with grazing, grazing readiness, riparian work. And so today Miranda is going to talk about the NDSU grazing calculator that she's helped put together and how that can be a useful tool for you.  All right, thank you, Mary. And as Mary said, I'm going to talk about the NDSU grazing calculator and how that can be used to calculate our stocking rates in a cover crop system specifically. So as an Extension Specialist, one of the most common questions I get is, I have planted this cover crop and what is my stocking rate? How many cows can I put out there? And my answer is always the same. It depends. And specifically, it depends on forage production. Can anybody, can you guys put in the chat box? What are some of the factors that would be influencing forage production in this type of system? And Mary, if you could maybe yell out if anyone's putting what folks are putting in there since I can't see that right now, that would be fantastic. Can you give us one example? Oh, here we go, rainfall. Rainfall would be one of them. Yep, precipitation. Whatever form that comes in, right? Last fall it was snow. The species that's planted, so the grass species and the seeding rate. Great, so that's a few of the main ones. So species selected, planting dates, another one. Is it a full season cover crop? Is it a spring fall cover crop? That's gonna impact that. And as a few of you said, the available moisture, whatever form that may be in. And another thing is the site characteristics. So what are the soils? What's the quality of soils at that site? And how is that gonna play into it? And the management of that site also is gonna influence what we get for production. Here's a couple of examples. Just the difference of yield between a purple top and our Paja turnips. And then here's an example from some research that Marisol has done looking at planting dates. And we have a July 27th planting date and then an early August planting date. And just though I think it was a weak difference, Marisol can type in the chat box exact dates. And just that few, that short of a time period made a huge difference in how the productivity of these forages. We have some tools available that I'm gonna be talking about today. The first one again is the NDSU grazing calculator app and it's free to download on either Android or your iPhone. And the little icon up here is the app icon. So if you're looking for that, that may help you find it. That is actually also in a web-based Excel format that you can download and use those instead if that's you're more comfortable with using Excel. And then we have two primary publications, which the first one is the determining carry capacity and stocking rates for range and pasture and North Dakota publication. And then also the NDSU extension range and forage production sampling kits publications. And those have all the instructions on how to determine both forage production and carry capacity stocking rates. So a lot of people, they ask stocking rate, but what they're really wanting to know is that forage production are the carrying capacity. Stocking rate is actually a management decision and it's the number of a specific kind class of animals grazing or utilizing a unit of land for specific period of time. So we calculate this based off of the forage demand of that specific animal and how long that animal will be grazing. And then this hopefully is based off that available forage component. When we talk about stocking rates, we typically talk about animal unit months or AUMs. And that's the amount of forage that livestock will consume in a one month period. This is the standard for this or one AUM is equivalent to one 1,000 pound pound with a six month or younger calf by her side. And I don't know how many of you have 1,000 pound cows, but I know most of the producers that I've worked with, you don't have 1,000 pound cows. And so if you see over here, here's the equivalence of some other classes of livestock sizes of cattle that you may be grazing. So to calculate it, the formula is you're gonna take the number of animals you're gonna be grazing, that animal unit equivalent from that table and you multiply those and you get the number of animal units. And then you'll take that times the period of time that you're grazing or number of months to get AUMs. You can also adjust this to number of days. I know a lot of people when we're working cover crops express in animal unit days instead of months. And you would just multiply it by 30 to get the animal unit days. Now, if you're using the app, so this first image here is what it looks like when you enter the app. And then we have our different calculators here. So the first ones are stocking rate calculator. We open that and you'll see that you can determine the number of classes of animals that you're grazing. And so if you're grazing cows with a bowl, you would have two classes of animals and you're gonna put select the class of animal under the number of classes you have, the number of head in that class and the number of months you're grazing.  So, but what we really wanna get that and what's gonna actually influence that stocking rate is our carrying capacity or the amount of forage that's available for grazing. In a range line setting, we have estimates that we can use to predict this based off of lots of data that's been conducted and that's contained in our ecological site descriptions. Unfortunately, this is a little trickier for our cover crops systems, especially given the amount of variability and there's not a lot of well-established growth curves for our crops. And so the most reliable method is doing a clip and weigh and clipping the amount, clipping your forage, weighing it and using that to determine forage production and then entering carrying capacity. I have seen things like grazing sticks that can be used to calculate forage production and I think those work in a monoculture system and can be used in those types of systems but when we're using cocktails we have lots of different species with lots of different heights and growth potentials and so it gets a lot less reliable in those types of systems and so the most reliable method again is the clip and weigh and once you feel comfortable and done it enough, I know a lot of producers just can look at a field and say, this is how many grazing days I have for my cattle based off their experience but I think the clip and weigh gives you a good way to hone your estimation skills so you can do that in the future. These are the different plot sizes. This comes from the Orge Production Sampling Kids publication. The most common one we use is this 1.92 square feet plot and this is if you wanted to build your own frames for clipping that these are the dimensions and then this is a curved version right over here to convert it from grams to pounds per acre and this is the one we recommend for most feedings especially if we have something like a rye or a cereal component. If we have something that has a little more bare ground we might do a bigger plot than this 9.6 and this actually is the conversion rate if we did rows and in the publication it tells you the length of row that you would need to sample for row crops based off of the spacing of those rows and so after we clip you're gonna put your frames out there clip it all the way to the ground and then we need to dry it down to determine our dry weight. This is because when we calculate diets and we calculate Forge we look at dry matter and so then we know there's a lot of water in our cover crops and we need to dry it down before we can accurately predict how much Forge we have available for grazing. When we clip rangeland pasture we will use paper bags like you see in these images. Cover crops we have a lot more production out there so sometimes you might wanna use something like if you can get a paper grocery sack that those would be ideal but you can use things like garbage bags just make sure you cut holes in them because we need them to air dry and we need air to circulate through those samples for them to dry. And then after we get those air dry weights we're gonna average it. We wanna clip three to five samples across the fields we have a good representation of that field depending on field size.  If we're using the calculator you're going to go into the forge production portion you're gonna select the cover crops or row crops if that's what you're grazing or a residue or something on those lines and then in the sample net weight you're going to put the dry weight of your samples and just separate each one by a comma and then click forward and it will calculate your forge production in pounds per acre. So the reason it's important to dry your samples down again is just our cover crops have a lot of water in them and especially when you look at those cocktails with those brassicas and high water content and it's just the picks that like with our rise in this research study in 2017 we had 32, 50% dry weight of that, or percent of it was actually dry matter of the weight and then for those cocktails it was somewhere between 14 and 22% and again just showing the variability from year to year between biomass this is the same sites but in 2018 and we had a lot less production and our rye here and that's partially because we got out there and grazed it earlier when it was more nutritious and then we see our warm season cover crop only 3% of the wet weight was actually was dry so there's a lot of water in that cover crop cocktail and we wanna make sure that we're adjusting for that appropriately as we're grazing. So to calculate our carrying capacity we're gonna take that total forge production we just calculated and we're gonna take it times the harvest efficiency. So as you know cows are not 100% efficient they're not gonna graze everything out there and a lot of times we don't want them to especially when we're using cover crops we wanna leave a little residue out there to protect the soil and so we use the harvest efficiency to determine to make an adjustment to show how much is available for consumption. If we're using a take half leave half rule of thumb for grazing cover crops that would be a 35% harvest efficiency so we wanna leave half of it there and then we know that some of it's gonna trample so if it's gonna get lost in essence things like that and so we bring that to 35% of it it's available to be consumed. If we're using a full use we've found that that's about 70% just there's still gonna be some waste and you don't wanna push those cows too hard and the full use will push your cows pretty hard. And so that's kind of the range of harvest efficiencies for cover crops and you can adjust the harvest efficiency can be improved through some management things which I'll touch on at the end. So once you take a time is that harvest efficiency it gives you again how much is available for consumption and then you're gonna divide that by 913 and 913 pounds is the amount of air-dried forage that one AUM requires for a month. And so this gives you how many AUMs you're able to support off of that field. If we go into the calculator we'll go if you go into the carry capacity one on the main page select your cover crops if they'll actually pull your forage production number from the forage production part and you'll put in how many acres you have. I just put in 40 in this example and then select your harvest efficiency and then you'll press forward and it will calculate total production here total available forage after we use that harvest efficiency and then the total AUMs available for grazing in that field. And so this is just a good example that those two bookends of the take half are full use for harvest efficiency and how that can influence how much forage is available there. And obviously 35 and 70 we have double the forage available for grazing when we use that full use system. And so as we make those decisions between that harvest efficiency are we taking half are we taking everything? There has been a little bit of research done at the Central Grasslands Research Extension Center. Erin visited about this a little bit on our last webinar because it was some of her graduate research and she found that between those harvest efficiencies that there was no impact on soil bulk density or aggregate stability, which one of the biggest concerns with increasing harvest efficiency and the number of animals out there potentially the length of time that they're out there is that we have more impact on that soil increased potential for compaction. On the other end they did find that it increased return which no surprise given that you have twice as much forage available to graze you have a longer grazing period and that's cutting down feed use in other places when we're doing that. Some of the things that we can do as a grazing manager to increase that harvest efficiency we recommend a lot of time limit feeding because that's going to reduce waste and how we would do this in a cover crop system is strip grazing. So we're going to put fences across and only allow the livestock to have so much access to so much of the field at a time. And then when we feel that it's to the point where we wanted it to be consumed open and up to the next paddock up to them. The other way we can do this is if you don't want to mess with the fences and you have enough animals is increasing the stock density because basically that limit feeding strip grazing is increasing that stock density. So that is another way to do it. A lot of people do not have the number of animals needed to achieve those stock densities depending on the cover crop systems they're using. That's really all I have. I'm happy to feel any questions. I think we might be doing a couple now. Let me re-manage that. And here's my contact information. Awesome. Thank you, Miranda. So we don't have any questions in the chat pod now. Just as a reminder, you can put them there. You can also email me if you'd rather do that. I have my email address in the chat pod. But Miranda, I do have a question for you and you may have said this. Is the app free? Yes, the app is free. Okay. And the rangeland portion is North Dakota-specific for North Dakota ecological sites, but the forage production part as it relates to cover crops would be applicable anywhere. Okay, great. Okay, so I do have one question here for you. So will your calculator calculate a paddock size based on a wanted stocking density? Example, if I want 150,000 pounds per acre, I want 150,000 pounds of livestock. So I'm gonna read the question one more time. Will your calculator calculate a paddock size based on a wanted stocking density? No, it's not that sophisticated. And when we developed it, it was more targeted toward the rangeland setting. And then with the increased interest in grazing cover crops, we've made a few adjustments. But that's a good idea for future improvements. Okay, awesome. All right, with that, I think we'll let Jana get hers up. And if you guys do have questions for Miranda, if you think of some, just go ahead and keep putting them in the chat and we'll manage those at the end. In the meantime, as Jana is sharing her slides here, I'll just do a quick little intro. So Jana Block is one of our extension livestock specialists. Jana's located at the Headinger Research Extension Center. So she's down in the Southwest part of our state. And Jana's gonna talk today about cover crop toxicity considerations for livestock. We get a few questions about this all the time. And so this is kind of an area where Jana likes to work in. So we thought we'd invite her on to talk about it. So with that, Jana, let's do a sound check and then I'll let you take over. Okay, sound good? A little closer. Sound good? There we go, all right. My screen's up, everything's good to go. Good to go. Good. Alrighty. So just like with any cropping system, it's important to start with your end in mind. So there are a ton of different objectives that you can have when you're thinking about a cover crop. So some of those might be to improve your soil structure, different methods for weed control, just maybe managing your soil moisture a little bit, of course, nitrogen fixing, and then hanging and or grazing. So can you guys, how many of you on this call today are currently hanging or grazing cover crops and or thinking about doing that? Can you just raise your hand or give me a thumbs up? Mary, if you can kind of keep track of that. Yeah, so down at the bottom, if you scroll down to the bottom of your screen, you can do a little reaction. There's a smiley face with a plus that says reactions. So you can always click on that and give Jana a thumbs up. Otherwise, you can just type it in the chat pod as well. And that'll let me know to tell her, yes or no. Jana, what was your question one more time? How many are thinking about hanging and or grazing cover crops or currently doing so? All right, so we have maybe more so people who work with producers who are doing that. Okay. So in this series today, you guys have heard from a lot of agronomists, brain scientists and specialists, people that have kind of focused on these other areas. So today we're just gonna kind of focus more, obviously on the livestock side and thinking about specifically in terms of different species, what some of the potential issues might be when it comes to livestock health. I did want to point out a resource that we have available through NDSU extension publications. It's called annual cover crop options for grazing and hanging in the Northern Plains. So this is not just specific to North Dakota and it has a lot of good information based on your goals, the season of planting and whether you're, what those different objectives are in helping you with species selection and management. So that's a good one if you want to check that out. So these are just a few of the potential toxicity issues we can get into. So I'm going to go through all of these. It might be a little bit of a review for some of you. Hopefully you don't have personal experience with these. That's never a good thing. But I do want to talk a little bit about what the issues are and potentially how you can manage those in your cover crops. And then at the end, if there's anything I didn't touch on, be sure and bring it up in the chat box or just go ahead and ask. So we'll start with nitrate toxicity. This is probably one of the major ones because as you can see here, the nitrate accumulating species are many of those that we use in cover crop mixes in North Dakota and the surrounding region. So any of the small grains are sorghum, millet, or brassicas, canola. And then we can get into situations both in pastures and in cropland where we have weeds like kosha and lamb's quarter that can accumulate nitrate. So when we have normal conditions in rumen and animals, the nitrate is converted to nitrite and then to ammonia, amino acids, and protein. And that is done through the microbes in the rumen. But when we have these nitrate accumulating species, we can get excess nitrate and essentially it just overwhelms the ability of those microbes to convert the nitrate to protein. And so what we end up with is that first step takes place and the nitrate is converted to nitrite, which is around 10 times more toxic than nitrate. So this is where we run into issues. And in fact, I don't know why we don't call it nitrite poisoning because that's actually what it is. But essentially that nitrite then builds up in the rumen and it's absorbed in the bloodstream and the hemoglobin in the blood, which carries oxygen, is converted to methemoglobin, which then can't carry oxygen. So the animal essentially suffocates. So you may or may not see symptoms depending on the dose and the level of exposure to the nitrate accumulating plants. Oftentimes the first sign we see in pregnant cows is abortion. You may also see weakness, incoordination, tremors, their membranes around their eyes, nose, mouth, and udder may turn a bluish color. Again, it's just related to that lack of oxygen in their bloodstream. So those are things to kind of look for. You can get chronic cases where the animals are just sort of exposed to low doses of nitrate or you can get an acute case where you see these symptoms or actually just end up with a dead animal. So one of the challenges we face with education on the nitrate issue is that people tend to relate it to drought. And I kind of want to put a thought out there that this is really not only a drought related issue. So anything that impacts the leaf surface area and the ability of that plant to conduct photosynthesis can potentially result in nitrate accumulation in the roots and the lower portions of the plant. So things such as hail, hard freeze, a chemical damage, different mineral imbalances in the soil, and crop history, which is a lot of times one that people don't tend to think about, but I've seen issues where someone came in and planted in an old alfalfa field that they had converted. And there was a ton of nitrogen in that soil, of course, from the alfalfa. And so they hadn't fertilized and didn't think they should have an issue. And they had a huge nitrate issue that year in their crop. So it's just some things to think about. Anything that might affect photosynthesis can definitely result in that nitrate storage in the plant. So how do we manage for nitrate toxicity? Well, obviously sampling and getting those samples analyzed before you hay or graze is recommended. Cover crops can be challenging, again, because depending on the complexity of your mix, you could be looking at multiple different species, all with different ability to accumulate nitrates. So you might wanna think about sampling those individual species and sending them off individually. If you think you have a really consistent stand, you could also just get a representative sample that would hopefully approximate their diet quality. Again, with grazing, it's really challenging. It's much easier with hay. You can use a hay probe and get a pretty good representative sample. Grazing is kind of a guessing game and it can be a challenge, but sampling is better than doing the tip test where you just send animals out and see who tips over. So those room and bugs that I talked about that allow for that conversion process, they can adapt to high levels of nitrate in the diet. It just takes time. And so really watching those animals closely over the first couple of days to a week or so of being out on those high nitrate forages is important, giving them time to adapt to that. Thinking about access to different pastures, maybe some rangeland if you have rangeland adjacent to your cover crops, making that available so they can get some different forages or providing hay can also be another option. If you're worried about abortions and pregnant cows, maybe think about grazing some stocker animals or open cows just to make sure that doesn't occur. And then another strategy that has been shown to be successful is providing some energy supplements. So some distillers or another energy supplement cake or corn or really anything considered an energy source that will help with that conversion process of nitrate to proteins. And honestly in our cover crops with our brassicas and small grains and things like that, we actually have a lot of energy. So that might not be necessary in the cover crop situation but it is something to consider. Okay, moving on to grass tetany. So we encounter this situation a lot in the springtime and we have lush, rapidly growing forages. We end up with high potassium and low calcium and magnesium. And so a lot of times we'll see this in crested wheatgrass and also in small grains. It's not only in the spring, we can get this in the fall and winter with harvested forages, particularly in our small grain forages. We don't always see that in North Dakota. Some of the research here indicates that the mineral profiles are a little bit different from fall with that regrowth. So might not be as much of an issue but this is highly dependent on your area. Some people have issues with this every year and some don't. But definitely if you're using some of these small grains, it's a potential if you're turning out early and they have access to that lush forage. So kind of similar to nitrate toxicity, you may or may not see symptoms. They're usually very excitable. They might stagger. A lot of times when the animal is down and they end up dying, you can see marks where they've kind of thrashed around. They get very excitable. And so it's important to try to keep them calm if you have to take them in and get the vet in to give them treatment. If you do sample your forages, you can calculate a tetne ratio. And so what they've kind of found is anything over a 2.2 when you calculate that ratio is a potential for grass tetne. So obviously you'd have to do that sampling ahead of time before again, before turning the animals out. And another strategy is to begin supplementation with magnesium oxide or magnesium sulfate mineral several weeks before turning it on pasture. The animals that are most susceptible to grass tetne are high producing lactating animals. And so they just have high magnesium requirements for milk production. And so they're the ones that are most likely to be struck with this. We do have some issues getting them to eat the mag oxide. It's usually not very palatable. So sometimes you might have to think about using salt, a corn or distillers or something in the mineral mix to increase that palatability. The mag sulfate is a little more palatable and they seem to accept it more. Either way, you're gonna wanna eight to 12% magnesium in that supplement. One other thing to consider with the mag sulfate is that it does contribute to overall sulfate intake. So you wanna make sure and account for that when you're calculating the sulfate levels, which we'll talk about more here in a little bit. Okay, Ergut, this was one that we dealt with a lot of producers dealt with last summer. So it's basically a fungus that grows in the seed heads of some small grains and grasses. We didn't used to think of it much in terms of the grasses, but now they found it in the wheat grasses and brome and fescue and Timothy. So a lot of grasses can be susceptible to this as well as the small grains. So basically the Ergut bodies just replace the seed heads and so the greatest risk is when you're grazing those mature plants. Essentially, we kind of think about the environmental conditions that would contribute to this situation, having a cool, wet spring and a hot early summer, but last year our spring was very cold and cool and we didn't really get much for heat and we still had Ergut showing up. So I think it was just that a lot of those plants were more mature and so there was a lot of moisture and a lot of opportunity for those fungal bodies to develop. So the fungus will produce compounds that basically are vasoactive and they cause those arteries to constrict. So you'll see lameness. A lot of times people think it might be a foot rot, they'll get it in, treat for foot rot and doesn't help. So in extreme cases they can actually slough their hooves, they might slough their tips of their ears or their tail. Because of the vasoconstriction, they can have heat stress, they're just not able to thermoregulate as much as they were before and of course it's painful, so they're offstanding in shade. Origin intake decreases and can see decreases in milk production as well. So Ergut is not a fun one to deal with. Unfortunately, there's not really a lot you can do about it. The important part is to know that you've got it. So examining your pastures and hay prior to grazing and removing animals from infected pastures. There's really no treatment, there's nothing you can do in terms of treating the forage and there's really nothing you can do for those animals except for just get them out of there. They can recover depending on the severity of how severe it has gotten for them and how quickly you get them out of there. And then of course, managing grazing, getting in there and grazing before the seed heads develop or going ahead and clipping those seed heads off before you graze. And it is important to know that you can get this in your hay and your harvested forages. So be sure to look for that when you're cutting hay. Okay, another one, we had our sulfur toxicity or polio. So some of our potential contributing species here, our brassicas, alfalfa can be really high in sulfur. And then of course, some of the same weeds that we think about in terms of nitrate toxicity, kosha, lambs, quarter, things like that. So basically the excess sulfur just causes hydrogen sulfide to build up in the Roman. And again, similar to nitrate, it's absorbed in the bloodstream, causes a lot of neurological issues. You might see animals head-pressing. They definitely have a lot of pain. And so they're pressing up against posts or anything they can get close to. You might see convulsions, they could go blind. So you might see them staggering around blind. And then of course, death. This is a tough one because there again, isn't a lot of things you can do to manage it. You need to do a lot of sampling, understanding that pretty much their maximum tolerable concentration is 0.4% of their diet dry matter. And in our area especially, a major source of sulfates is our water. So we need to get that water tested and know what you're dealing with in terms of sulfur in your water. So brassicas is definitely a major culprit with the sulfur toxicity or polio issue. So limiting to no more than 70% of your cover crop mix. And you should probably consider going lower than that for a couple of other reasons I'll talk about here in a minute. Obviously to avoid polio, you basically just need to get those sulfur containing feeds out of the diet, add in roughage, and then find an alternative water source. They've done a lot of research over the years trying to find a cure or a way to reverse that damage from the sulfate or sulfur. And so far haven't been successful. There is some evidence that it's also related to a thiamine deficiency, which is basically just your vitamin B1, which is produced in the room and by the microbes. So have seen some limited success with supplementing thiamine to affected animals, but it definitely isn't a cure or a magic bullet. Okay, so pressic acid poisoning. Our primary risks in this category are the sorghums, sorghum sedans and sedan grass. Sorghums are probably the highest in the risk category. Can also see pressic acid in flax. So that's one thing to consider if you're using that in your mix. Basically the pressic acid forms during water stress or after a killing frost. And so it kind of has the same mode of action as the nitrate just prevents oxygen transfer in the blood. So you see some of those same symptoms. The pressic acid can be extremely toxic in a short period of time. The time from ingestion to death can be as little as 10 to 15 minutes. So you may not see any symptoms at all. So some ways to manage this, the risk is definitely greatest during the early growth period. So try to wait until the plants are around 24 to 30 inches tall. Really important to not graze for 10 to 14 days after a drought, any rain or a killing frost or even a light frost in some cases can release pressic acid. And then a lot of times you'll see after a killing freeze, if things warm back up, we'll get some regrowth. And that's, that regrowth will be extremely toxic and you do not wanna graze that again until it's at least 18 inches tall. Most of the time that cyanic acid will dissipate within around a week to 10 days, but I always recommend people just give it another couple of days. So I'm usually going out to two weeks, probably airing on the site of caution there. But again, just because of the high level of toxicity, it's probably a smart thing to do. Grazing is definitely the biggest challenge in terms of pressic acid. Most of the time, if the hay is dried down appropriately, it's safe. That can be really challenging when you're looking at sorghums and sudans as many of you might know. So making sure it's dry is definitely important. Can also use it for silage. Typically, if that normal fermentation process occurs in the silage, it will be safe. If you have, for some reason, that fermentation does not occur normally, might want to think about submitting a sample for analysis. And green chop is definitely very toxic, so you don't want to use that with those types of forages. So this one is pretty specific just to sweet clover and more specifically sweet clover hay. Many of you have heard about this. Sweet clover contains coumarin that's converted to dicumeral in moldy hay. And so if the hay was put up and was dried down appropriately, probably not an issue, it is though when we have high moisture conditions, hay put up too wet. And can also occur in hay that is stored where moisture is able to access those bales. So both in harvest and also in storage. Basically prevents normal blood clotting. You see stiffness, lameness, can see some abortions potentially. Again, just making sure hay is dry. If you're feeding some moldy forage, the diagnostic labs in the area do analyze for dicumeral. So you can submit a sample. It's very challenging to get a representative sample for moldy hay. As you guys know, you might have one bale that's perfectly fine and one bale that's really moldy. So it's important to talk to the diagnosticians at the lab and kind of see what their recommendations are. But it's important to know kind of what you're dealing with and then of course alternating with non moldy forage to try to help kind of dilute that out. Cape bloat is another potential issue. When you're looking at high quality forages such as our legumes or brassicas of course, especially canola and then small grains, basically gas from that fermentation just gets trapped in the room and it puts a lot of pressure on the lungs and nerves. You can get just a gas bloat or you can also get a frothy bloat in the case of our legumes. And so that just blocks everything and keeps the animal from respirating. Most of the time with bloat, we see an increased incidence early in the day. And definitely the first few days after a killing frost is a time of concern. So ways to manage that, making sure your cattle are full before turning out, making sure you're delaying turnout until patches are dry after you have a dew or rain. Again, just monitoring, watching those animals and seeing, you're seeing any symptoms of bloat, providing more access to other grazing or hay and then plexiline blocks and or ionophores if you can provide those have shown to be effective in some cases in terms of prevention. So there are a couple of species that have been used in cover crop mixes that could be poisonous to livestock. I don't know how common these are. In your experience, just wanted to mention them. Harryvich is one that is mentioned in our extension pub. And basically they just recommend using it at an extremely low level if they're thinking about incorporating that as a legume because it is recommended for nitrogen fixing. So you can see allergic reactions. They'll get kind of a scale around their neck sometimes. You can see swelling, coughing, diarrhea, abortions, all those kinds of things. And it does ultimately can potentially impact kidney function and result in death. So again, I just have here limiting that to less than 15% of our mixtures as a recommendation. Lupin and amaranth are two other species that can be poisonous to livestock. There's some species, there's multiple species of both of these types of plants. And so some of them are safe and some of them are not. And I can definitely get you more details about those if you'd like. So just going back, quick review, thinking about brassicas. So they're definitely very nutrient dense. They can contain up to 30% crude protein and around 80% TDN or total adjustable nutrients. They're also extremely high in moisture. So it can be difficult for cattle to eat to their full requirement just because of the, just because of how much room they take up in their stomach. So again, there's a lot of potential issues. We talked about polio, nitrate toxicity, bloat. Those are all, the brassicas are all prime candidates for those have also seen some anemia. And then some, they do have some glucosinolates that can cause thyroid issues. So those are possibilities. So just in general limiting the brassicas to around 50 to 70% of the mix is probably a good idea. So again, our small grains, some of the potential issues we see here are the grass, tetany, nitrate toxicity and bloat. The glooms are bloat and we could potentially see some sweet clover poisoning with our moldy hay. I didn't talk too much about oil seeds. There's not a huge amount of issues with those.  So in general, I mean, the fat content of these species will vary from around 20 to 40%. And so when we get greater than that 5% fat in the diet we can have impacts on room infirmation and just their ability to utilize forages. So it's best to limit those to around 10%. There is a potential for prusic acid poisoning with flax that I mentioned earlier. And again, canola can kill livestock in multiple ways. So that's one to kind of just be very careful with. Our sorghum sudans, millets and corn. We talked about the nitrate toxicity. That can occur in all those species and then prusic acid primarily in sorghum and sudan. Millet doesn't seem to be a huge accumulator of prusic acid so not much of a concern there. So just in general, consider the potential for toxicities when you're choosing your cover crop mixes and then observe, test and manage appropriately. So I will stop. And I think we're open for questions. Yeah, okay, awesome. So if you have any questions for either Miranda or Jana, you can type them in the chat pod and we'll make sure those get to them. And you can do that either privately or just to everybody, it's up to you. So if you're feeling a little shy, you can always do it a private question and I'll just ask it for you. And I actually have one that was sent to me and it's for Jana. Can ergot be diluted if hay is processed through a grinder with other better quality hay? The challenges that the ergot bodies, I mean, if you have seed heads in your hay, it's, they're just present. And so in it take their cattle are very susceptible to ergot poisoning. It literally takes just a couple of seed heads. So it would be almost impossible to dilute that out by feeding other non-infected forages. So that's a challenging one. When we get into ergot infested grains, they do have some gravity tables and things like that where they can screen those ergot bodies out. But with forages, it's kind of in the bale and it's the livestock are just gonna have access to it. Other questions, you can go ahead and send them my way. I can get those asked for you. I think Miranda's gonna pop a poll up here and we can get rolling on the polls while questions are coming in. Okay, Jana, while people are filling out the first poll, can several consecutive cloudy days cause nitrate issues? Good question. And yes, it potentially can. So again, anything that, so ideally photosynthesis is going to depend on the ideal temperature for those reactions to take place. It depends on sunlight and adequate moisture. So when we have cloudy days, we don't have that sunlight factor. So photosynthesis might slow down. Now, whether it slows down to the point of building up toxic levels of nitrate or not is kind of hard to predict, but it definitely can contribute. And so things to do in that situation might be to just give that a couple of days after you have some cloudy conditions. And then we typically, we see issues kind of like with bloat. We see most of our nitrate issues in the morning. So avoid turning out in the morning, wait till afternoon, fill them up on hay, things like that. Those are kind of ways that you can manage that if you've had those conditions. And another question came in. Is there a tendency to have ergot repeat year after year in the same areas? So could you manage time of grazing based on that concept if that's true? That would be ideal, but it doesn't seem to be. It seems to be really climate dependent. And so if the conditions are right, it can appear and then the next year you might have totally different conditions and you don't have a problem. That's kind of what we see from people. You know, one year it's massive and they have multiple animals. They're trying to figure out where to go with them because the entire pasture is infected. And next year they don't have a problem. The one thing is that if you do have it in your area, obviously you have the fungal bodies present. And so you are at a higher risk of having it in that same area again. So just to monitor if you knew that. Just a couple of things about the poles. They are anonymous. So we don't know what you're putting in. And I will leave this one open for a couple more seconds and then close it. And well, Miranda's closing that. I have a private question here for Miranda. So Miranda, you had talked about taking a sample and drying it so that we know what the wage of that is or what the dry matter is. How do I do that at home? So I said air drying. It's the preferred method. You can oven dry if you have access to that.  So all the numbers here are based off of air dry. Ideally, one of the things we will do is just, if it's a small enough sample, you can throw it in your dash in the sunlight or just put it somewhere if it's in your shop, somewhere that has good air circulation and let it sit there a few days if it's like something like rye, a cereal base. But it can be if you have something, a brassica is gonna take longer. It could take up to a week. So giving it that time to dry down. Awesome. And there are methods for drying things in microwaves and if you wanna speed up the process. There will definitely be a smell associated with that. So be prepared for that. Yes, don't do it in your house, ideally. And I am gonna launch our second poll right now. So we have another question. Are there any specific testing parameters that have been developed for analyzing standing green forage for nitrate toxicity? Or is the recommendation the same as harvested forage? And I'm gonna throw that over to Jana because she has some tools there.  The interesting thing that I kind of forgot to mention when I was talking about the cover crops is that we often see toxic levels of nitrate in many species of cover crops, but yet we don't see that same level of livestock losses that we would expect with the nitrate results that we get back. And so some of the thoughts there are that intake is a little bit slower when grazing on fresh forage. And so also the moisture content and the rate of intake of those fresh forages, for some reason, they're just a little bit different, we think. Also with cover crops, of course, we have a lot of the different energy contents and group protein contents, thing like that. We do have a nitrate quick test that most of the county agents have access to and in fact, many of our surrounding states have the same thing. I know Montana does, South Dakota. I'm not sure about other states. We have used that, it's very sensitive so it will pick up nitrate at very low levels. We have had some issues, it's a color test so it's a color metric response and it will basically turn blue if nitrate is present in that sample. And we have had some kind of different responses when we're using it with corn. So I'm not entirely certain. I'd have to go back and do a little digging to see if it works well with, for example, brassicas, canola or other crops like that. The other thing that there is more use of these days in the extension systems, there are nitrate strips. So basically, you grind your forage and you kind of let it settle in a water solution and then you can use the strip and basically it will just give you a range and you just compare that range of the color reaction that you have with what's on the bottle and then make a decision about whether or not you need to do some additional testing. Again, that doesn't tell you everything so basically the quick test will tell you yes or no and then the nitrate strips will tell you, give you kind of that range of if you're in the dangerous zone or not and then more testing might be recommended. So yeah, I'll put my email address down here and if you'd like to follow up, I will do some checking on how that works with, if you have specific species in mind for a quick test, I'd have to do some more checking on that because it works really well with small grains, cut some different responses in corns, I'm not sure about the other ones, so. Awesome, thanks, Jana. So if you have questions, just keep putting them in there or sending them to Miranda or I, I'm gonna go back here, you can see I'm sharing the screen. So again, if you had any technical difficulty joining us today, we just welcome you to put that in the chat pod for us, that way we kind of know if anything is goofy that we need to look at or try to fix for next time or for any future webinars that we have. You can self-report your CEUs by going to certifiedcropadvisor.org, most likely you know that, but there were a few people that were new, had questions last time and so if you are, you can go ahead and do that. We have a pull up now and this is probably the one that we really, really, really wanna know the most. If these are not useful, we do not wanna do them and so we just really appreciate you filling out if they're useful or not, we appreciate that. Our next webinar is on Thursday, April 16th, so this Thursday at 11 a.m., Central Standard Time again, so we'll join you right back here again. And then the recording as soon as it's ready you'll be found with the rest of them, so it's on the grazing management folder under cover crops of the livestock extension page and so that's where that'll be housed and then we have another webinar series coming up for FSA programs. So those will begin tomorrow. It looks like Miranda. Yes, and another thing with this pull that's up, if you have any additional comments since we can't get those in the poll, capture those in the poll, if you could type any comments regarding the webinar, the series that things you like, didn't like, in the chat box, we'd really appreciate that feedback or if you wanna email it to us privately, that's fine as well. And I'm gonna close this one and open our final poll. Again, if you have any other questions, you can certainly put them in the chat pod for us. Can you send the video link again? Yes, I sure can. Megan, thank you for asking. Let me just put that in the chat pod probably, huh? And the videos, take about a day, give us a day to get them up there. They'll be up there probably sometime tomorrow morning. Okay, so the link is in the chat pod. And Miranda, did you send out last time to the registration list? There was a question about sending that up. Did you do that? I haven't. I thought we'd just wait until we were done with the whole series and mail it out all at once. So we won't mail those to everybody as a follow up. Awesome. So we have another webinar again on Thursday and then next Tuesday and that will conclude our cover crop series. And Thursday is gonna be a fun one. Mary and Marisol are gonna go through cover crop characteristics and identification. And so please join us for that. We'll be interested to see how it goes. Yeah, get ready for some chat polls.  And if you do have any follow up questions from today for either Jana or Miranda, you can always email myself. You can email Jana, Miranda, send any of us a note and let us know.  I'll know how to get ahold of us. And so you can do that if you're North Dakota and they'll be able to get ahold of us. Thanks everyone for joining us. Have a great day.


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What our man Teddy kegs that we talked to Teddy every Wednesday folks at 40 past the hour or you can reach it Teddy At his website forex dash trading dash unlock comm Teddy kegs that good morning. Good morning, Tommy We got a lot to talk about today We better man. It's not a slow day in the market. That's for sure. I was talking about Kevin Hicks This morning. I said we live in interesting times man and today an interesting day for sure With everything going on so from a forex perspective Teddy Which I know is how you look at things usually first and foremost as you digest everything What do you look at on a day like today in the forex market? If we can start things off that we're you know, waiting for chairman Powell at 2 o'clock press conference at 2 30 As a forex trader, what do you look at that might be moving especially on that type of news driven event potentially Well until the meeting is over. I think you're gonna see a very dead day in most of the currencies especially Euro the pound Swiss. I think they're going nowhere until after the meeting now You might see the US dollar Canada because it's breaching some key resistance right now that trend the motive the momentum is there I think there might still see a lift in that that may continue to trend through the day Yeah, probably because oil is pretty stable right now, you know So and they're waiting for the interest rate moves, which right now is odds are they're going up, you know So not that they're gonna pull the trigger, you know today, but that's gonna be an issue So those are the old the Canada US dollar Canada and also the US dollar yen is looking like it wants to break out to the Upside also today. Those are the only two. I think you're gonna see any action until the 115 Well, Chicago time or 215 your time, you know once that happens. Yeah, now. Here's here's the thing is Especially like you look at the euro and the pound are not too far away from their lows They look like they want a rally, but this is the kind of day where the elbows are gonna kick up You know, you're gonna have a lot of noise coming out regardless of what they say like the odds of them pulling the trigger are probably very slim I don't think that's gonna happen today, you know, so especially because they have to digest the PPI data from yesterday They added or from the other day and also the CPI data, you know, these numbers are getting really scary time Yeah, I'm not sure if you heard me say man. I say the same thing saying it's really remarkable that the Conversation is just how quickly we're gonna slow asset purchases and you know, the fed's not gonna freak out the market folks I'm out of here saying that they're just gonna end all this stuff But it is remarkable Teddy that you got a CPI at almost 7% you get a PPI at almost 10% and the Fed is still actively buying an almost incomprehensible 60 70 60 billion dollars every single month It's a staggering level of stimulus still going on with those numbers. So I agree man. I agree And let's see if we could because I was pulled it up the kid the the US dollar Canada That has it looks like that was almost the biggest mover that we've had in the last week Teddy So what is driving the US dollar can is that the oil trade going on there? No, I think that's actually the interest rate trade that's driving it right now So the oil trade is pretty stable But the right now the whole world's looking at the 30 year and the 10 year to continue to trend lower, you know And right now they've been kind of consolidating and I think it's because of they were waiting for the big inflation numbers And also because they're waiting on the Fed We're done for the year now when it comes to most of the numbers and especially with the Fed So what's gonna be the outlook for 2022 now? We've been already talking about this kind of trend already for months now The Fed is finally admitting to the fact that guess what? 2022 is gonna be a year of inflation. There's no way you can look around it, you know So there's no way the breaks are coming down on inflation for at least the next six to twelve months, you know And that's a very severe Environment for the Fed to deal with, you know, I mean, yeah, we're gonna be in the first time now We're we have a lot of first-time things going on right now in the business sectors, you know So and I think that it's gonna be a very shaky Especially when it comes to the interest rate play where we know rates are going higher So what's that can do to the value of the dollar, you know So like there's all kinds of scenarios where even if we get our supply chains to kick back up into gear and you smooth Those things out over the next six months What happens if there's a radical either decline or rally in the dollar over the next say three months, you know How does that play into inflation as well, you know, so I mean there's certain ways in which Are the dollar strength or weakness may come into play and help us as far as either our exports or our imports Depending on where you're going to and from, you know But I don't know how that's gonna get mitigated in the smooth fashion next year. Honestly I can't even begin to see how that could happen Yeah, there's so many things in play man And even you know, if you look at the best-case scenario most which is the estimates at this point in terms of talking about inflation I think they go out and you eventually get to the beginning of 2023 that you're talking about maybe two and a half percent CPI or something like that Which the Fed would totally be cool with probably as you're just over the number They're looking for But that's a year out more than a year out right and that's kind of like in my opinion a best-case scenario because as you stated It's not going to go from seven percent. We're seeing the numbers to 2.5 percent Even on a quarterly basis that would be very very difficult with everything in flux But in my own head That's the estimate right now for the the beginning of 2023 But I go back to so many economists getting it so wrong in 2021 the inflation numbers they were looking for were nothing like what we're seeing right now So those are the same people putting out the estimates that give us the best-case scenario is about a year from now We're back to normal. Well, what happens if they're missing there, right? Which has to be right it in as a trader you should be factoring in all possibilities and assigning them a probability And I just see at least the possibility that it's a little bit harder to get under control And then if it is a little harder to get under control Maybe that forces the feds hand a little bit faster, which could freak out the market to some degree sure, but but we're gonna find out man over the next three or six months because Chairman Powell when we were on vacation a couple weeks ago. I think I told you on our last one We chatted last week. I said I chat with my dad He tells me what chairman Powell just said. I said, whoa, that's a pretty strong statement man time to retire the term Transitory he was the biggest cheerleader of that term. I think overall And so we come to the first meeting where he's gonna, you know Where that is his mindset because the last time he had a meeting in a press conference He was still technically a believer in the word transitory at least when he was putting it out So we got about a minute and a half Teddy What other currencies are you looking at? It's been a pretty tame week That's why you know in terms of chopping around maybe waiting for these big because we have an ECB decision and a Bank of England Decision coming up tomorrow. Correct. And it's and that's that that's what's been going on for the past week and a half Is that you've seen that I mean if you look at the US dollar Swiss, I mean talk about Swiss cheese, you know I mean, that's just a very narrow range trade I mean the range traders is definitely cleaning up the past like week and a half and the Euro the pound and the Swiss You know, so I expect you're going to see a breakout after today But okay, I would be very leery of what happens off of the initial release You know, like I said the elbows are gonna like it wouldn't be it would not surprise me to see like for instance The British pound spiked low to a all-new look new move low today and then still settle higher on the day You know what I mean like that kind of move or even rally make new highs And then all of a sudden tank and actually make new lows on the day, you know, and I mean, okay So until we have a verification going into tomorrow I would say for the FX market if you're not in a position working it stay out because It's just you're not gonna be able to compete with the machines if we actually have volatility now if we have a dead number, you know Which I don't know exactly how that would occur. I think we're gonna see some action no matter what, you know Especially with I think the US dollar again and also the US dollar Canada If the other ones don't move off the number those will probably continue their trend those might and those might actually be the ones where you see an accelerated movement today because you got to think that a lot of traders are Planning on the fact that we have volatility we got a run man. I appreciate I appreciate the update We'll talk to you one more time before Christmas next week, man. You all right. Thanks. Okay. We'll be right back


Today's Air and Land Showcase demonstrates the strength and power of a multinational fighting force. The 101st Airborne Division is the world's only air assault division. It provides NATO with the world's best trained, equipped and adaptable units. When combined with the military might of the Romanian Air and Land Forces and the Royal Canadian Air Force, we are unmatched to coincide safely anywhere, at any time, against any enemy. The demonstration illustrates how a combined air and ground team can cross a linear water obstacle. Unconstrained by roads or bridges, air assault forces easily maneuver beyond an enemy's defenses and attack them at a time and place of our choosing. By landing on the far side of the enemy's defense, we can set conditions for heavier ground forces to cross with less opposition. Our multinational showcase includes elements of the Second Brigade Combat Team, Task Force Strike of the 101st Airborne Division, Air Assault, the Romanian 9th Mechanized Brigade, Mirosh Shesh, the Romanian 572nd Puma Squadron, and the Canadian Royal Air Force. Hard Rock 9-5, this is Rock Hard 2-0, Fire Eagle, Fire Eagle, Fire Eagle. They include an American Air Assault Infantry Company with embedded sappers delivered to the fight by various helicopters and supported by reconnaissance, artillery, air defense, and mechanized forces. They fight alongside our Romanian allies who bring armored personnel carriers, additional air defense systems, and helicopters. And above it all, we are further empowered by the Royal Canadian Air Force and their CF-18 fighters. When these elements combine on the battlefield, it creates multiple dilemmas for our adversaries and produces an insurmountable force. Strike Main, Hard Rock 6, 15 enemy, KIA, two enemy vehicles destroyed, break. Our demonstration here at Mihail Koganichanu, Romania, is meant to reassure our allies that Task Force Strike in the 101st Airborne Division, Air Assault, is a capable and ready force that is ready to integrate with our allies to defend the peace that we fought so hard to establish in Europe long ago.


I'm Michelle Cotton. I'm the head of artistic programmes and content at Moodam and the curator of post-capital art and the economics of the digital age. The exhibition takes its title from a book that was published in the 90s called Post-Capitalist Society. I was interested in the way that this book, even though it doesn't even mention the internet, talks about the notion of knowledge superseding the ownership of labour, land or property and this being in the future the way that economies would be defined. The artworks in the exhibition really reflect a society that's transformed by recent technologies such as the internet, e-commerce, social media and so on. So they consider the phenomena of, for instance, contemporary labour conditions, alternative warehouses, logistic centres, the gig economy, the emergence of industries such as data mining, the idea of an attention economy where our engagement, our likes, our shares can be monetised and the notion of property in the 21st century and how this extends to our data, our personal data and how this interacts with our legal and political systems. In terms of the number of artists presented in the range of media, this is the largest exhibition that we've presented here at Moodam since I've been here. So technically, logistically, it's a complex project to pull off and we also had some very large works, but not least Noratorato's piece installed here in the galleries, made here in the galleries, but also Roger Hyon's piece which uses a MiG-21 aircraft for that piece, we brought the aircraft here into the museum. This is a new work that we commissioned especially for the exhibition called Exactly My Points. It's a mural, so it's a painting made directly on the wall. It took a team of people over 10 days to make it here in the museum and after the exhibition it will be destroyed or disappear, but of course conceptually it will still exist as a possibility that can be created elsewhere. Nora's practice is kind of threefold, if you like. She works with text, she works with language. She's, if you like, a beat poet for the smartphone generation in the sense that she's taking language from all different contexts, from the media, from her own private correspondence, from television and so on, advertising and cutting and pasting together these huge epic scripts that then become the material for her work. These sculptures belong to a series by an artist called Katja Novitskova who has been working for some years upon the notion of attention economies. So she uses purposefully attractive, intriguing, extraordinary images of natural animals and she pairs them with these upward pointing arrows, a kind of crude graphic that we might associate with financial graphics, stock market exchange and so on. And the graphic kind of mimics our reaction perhaps as we encounter their works because they're made, they're so Instagram-able if you like, they're made for us to, they invite us to pull out our smartphones and engage with them by taking a picture and sharing it online.