Thank you for coming, and it's a big day for us today at the Development Policy Centre. We have inaugural Harold Mitchell Development Policy Lecture being delivered, starting at 12.30 by Timor Finance Minister Emilia Perez. I'd like to welcome her to the ANU and to the Crawford School, and of course also we have Harold Mitchell from the, in this capacity, Harold Mitchell Foundation who is sponsoring this lecture series and who also is announcing today a very generous gift in support of the Development Policy Centre. So this is a chance to ask questions to both of these eminent guests, and I'll first call on Harold just to say a few words. Oh okay. And then the Minister. Thank you very much and good afternoon ladies and gentlemen as we often say at the working press. I'm delighted to be here and also to be with the Minister. At 12.30 today I'll be announcing the support of the grant over five years of 2.5 million to the Development Centre, and I'll be saying that there's a great need in Australia as we have so many developing countries on our near shore that we give great support. The Australian aid program is tremendous and it's headed on its way to Dublin, and that is so important for Australia and everything that we're doing with our near neighbours which we welcome in particular the Minister from East Timor. My history with East Timor is hopefully deep and goes back some time to, I think it was 12 years ago when I first met Janana Guzmau as he visited Melbourne and opened the Melbourne Festival with which I was the Chairman and I was impressed that on our doorstep I thought there was a modern day Nelson Mandela, this man who was able to speak of peace and yet he'd been through a terrifying period of the last two decades and his job ahead of him is to bring our near neighbour to a new world and he has done that. And so it's important that Australia recognises that, it gives it support and our Australian Government has done exactly that through AusAid and so that is important. At the same time Australia needs to develop all the original thinking that we can in both the United Kingdom and in the United States. There are policy centres, think takes which are imminent and so I'm happy to support Professor Stephen Howes and the ANU and the Development Policy Centre and where that's headed which is to give support and a new thinking to everything that Australia needs to do and that is what we'll be announcing today. There is each year proposed over the next five years a major presentation which will be made and it's so appropriate that the first one under the regime that we have here that that should be given by such a great nation of East Timor and I might say in its cabinet a woman and someone who has been spectacular in what she has achieved as the Finance Minister of East Timor and so that will be helping. Minister, with that can I welcome you very much and I look forward to the speech that you will be giving today which I've had the value of reading and it is absolutely appropriate and right and proper that you should be here today making that speech. So could I ask you to join me and I'll just let you say thank you for what we're doing. Thank you very much Mr Mitchell and thank you to the crew for the school for inviting me here it is actually I'm very pleased to be here to be able to actually speak a little bit about the experience that we have gone through in Timor Leste and how we can add value to the theme tankers in the world because it's all about how you get out of fragility what do you have to do are the things that you're doing are they what has been preached in the past so we need people to actually think and look again at what's happened and identify exactly the the critical things that needs to be done to get that country moving out of crisis time like we had as some five years ago and move us to the development path so it is with a lot of pleasure and honor that I am here to contribute whatever I've experienced myself as a person what my country has experienced as a country and I will also be talking a little bit more also about how we are also trying to help other countries that find themselves like us the little g7 plus which are now made up of 18 countries everybody looking for a way out of the current status which is mostly conflict or post conflict or fragility and we need to find the formula we are not fully there yet but with discussions like this we we hope to be able to actually find the right formula to help all these countries we are talking about 1.5 billion people that have more or less been left behind when we back in 2000 all the nations came together the United Nations and agreed on the Millennium Development Goals and as you know there was 15 years to implement it now this is like 12 years down the track and we've left behind 1.5 million billion people and so we are now looking for means and ways of next time around the post MDG the post 2015 Development Agenda does not leave us behind again so Mr Mitchell I'm open to questions thank you okay thank you very much minister yes so yes if Catherine anyone else has questions then would you do you want the yeah yeah I know you've got an interest in development to some extent in the aim of you why do you have that development interest as a business person what's the connection there and why have you specifically given money to the aim there both very good questions or three well firstly the review that I did was not in the way it was in it was into philanthropy arts but to go back to the question I think the real reason that it's so important that we all support what I've talked about which is the development of policy I think started with my original comments which was that it when I first met Janana Grishbaugh and I was just so impressed with the fact that he was a tiny nation that which needed such support that I started look wider than that to realize that as a the country that we are such a lucky country an incredible place that we are the 12th biggest economy although there are 50 nations that are larger in population that we and that we have on the edge of so many developing nations more than any other such nation in the world that's important that we take great care about that at the same time I'm the chairman of care in Australia and that gives me and on the worldwide board of care care international and that gives me the opportunity to look at the world where we need to help and Australia needs to do that we can afford to do it and our governments both sides at all times have been able to do that but right now the aid program has headed towards doubling which is notable and it is absolutely necessary that we do that in the proper way because in the nations that we're dealing with they are new to many things including getting a great relief and help which all of which they were so we need to do it properly and in doing that so we need to give every bit of support that we can in both inside and outside government the government is doing an outstanding job and and Ozade is one of the best in the world at doing that but I picked out the ANU because through Professor Stephen Howes has a great interest in bringing public policy to the fore in a way that we can all help and I might say also that in in the wider public life that we're going to see more of that the government can only do so much because in private enterprise we have some of the finest minds just as the Americas done exactly the same thing different parts of Europe so it will be continuing here in in that way too the Lowy Institute has showed a way in how they deal with foreign affairs and such like that and the ANU one of the two great universities in Australia not to disparage any of the others they're so competitive with each other is in is perfectly positioned to be able to add to the thinking on on what we do in those developed countries and so it was a very easy decision for me to be able to give support in that. The generosity of that philanthropy though is obviously very significant to this institution why why here when obviously a lot of people would be calling for that to be delayed and direct day somewhere? Sure well it's about thinking and planning into the future and that's as important as just the direct day they can be if you do it wrongly if that dollar is misspent it'll never be spent again and it'll be it'll be used but then abused and so it's so important that we get it right in every way and that's that's why I picked out Stephen House to be honest he brings a fine mind to it a great intellect to what what is happening and a great experience and the ANU who I've met with is given at every support in every way and this is the way that the way forward there's no doubt about that that that private private people that private wealth where that might be and public institutions come together to make it a better good and in Australia the care of our new neighbours near neighbours is just so important so it was easy for me to pick the ANU had a fine institution such a great interest in doing it and the development of the centre here to drive it forward in Canberra with a lot of the policy makers right on the doorstep it was absolutely appropriate. Can I ask the minister? Sure, the minister? Minister do you feel there is some development fatigue in western countries at the moment with the global financial crisis and do you have a message to them given that you are trying to help rewrite in a sense the way western countries approach aid? I'm not sure about from the Tiberius perspective we have not yet experienced the development fatigue because our development partners are still there and the aid or the assistance they give us has been maintained since I can compare since I became minister in fact sometimes they give a little bit more and it all depends on on what they want to do in areas where they want to help us but around the world I understand that there is less money to go around and I want to make a point because I just came back from Haiti where we had our G7 plus retreat where we welcome a new member commuters but in that retreat we came out with the declaration it's called the Haiti declaration and the G7 plus was saying that we're not actually asking for more money what we are asking is the better use of that money and in a in a more effective way and so I actually welcome the the donation that Mr. Mitchell is doing to institutions like Crawford because one of our biggest challenge is change in the mind setting of our own development partners and the only way to do it is for people to actually reflect and rethink about what has happened before why hasn't not worked why is it working and and therefore their their piece of writing will be more powerful than our voice we may say it but this is why we came together the G7 plus to make our voice stronger but with assistance from academics like them it will reinforce this because not us saying it normally people think that we just don't know how to manage etc etc but you know there are means and ways to make it better implementation of the aid and maybe become more effective and I think the two goes hand in hand


This algebraic geometry lecture will be about Newton's rotating ruler and its relation to resolution of singularities of an algebraic curve. So let's start by taking a polynomial f of x, y with complex coefficients. Then the result that Newton proved was that we can write y is a power series in x to the 1 over n for some n. So it's not quite a power series in x, it's a power series possibly in some rational power of x. These things are more or less called pre-se series. Actually pre-se series also allow negative powers of x. The pre-se series would be the union over all n of power series in x to the 1 over n, where you also allow x to the minus 1 over n. The pre-se series were introduced by pre-se in 1850, but they were actually used also by Newton. I think he introduced them in 1676 or so, so he was a couple of centuries before pre-se. They really ought to be called Newton series, but nothing is ever named after the person who first discovered them. So let's see a couple of simple examples. If f of x, y is y squared minus x squared minus x cubed, then we can just write y is equal to x times the square root of 1 plus x. And we can write this as a power series x times 1 plus x to the half of that and so on. So in this particular case, we can write y as a power series in x. In general, you do need fractional powers of x. For instance, if f of x, y is y squared minus x cubed, then you can't write y as a power series in x, but you can write y as x to the 3 over 2, which is a power series, and x to the half are rather trivial power series because it's only got one nonzero term. So in general, for more complicated f, you'll get some power series in some fractional power of x. So how do you prove this? Well, what you do is, first of all, we should assume f is not a polynomial in x because if it's a polynomial in x, then you can't write y as a function of x. So we can assume that f x, y has a term that perform y to the n, but none, but not y to the i for i less than n. So we take the smallest power of y that occurs in f. If everything in f is divisible by x, then we just divide by f and continue, so that's harmless. And then what we do is we plot all monomials of the form x to the i, y to the j that occur in f. So what we do is we sort of draw this big diagram. Here we'd have one x, x squared, x cubed. So we just draw the square lattice of all possible monomials. So here's y, y squared, x, y. And what we do is we draw, mark the ones that occur in f. So maybe this one occurs, and maybe this one occurs, and this one occurs, and this one occurs, and so on. So here this is going to be y. We're going to take this as our term y to the n, so in this case n equals 3 because this is the smallest power of y. And now we get Newton's rotating ruler, so here's Newton's ruler. And what you do is you put the ruler on this point here and rotate it until it hits the first point. So this is Newton's rotating ruler. I guess strictly speaking, this is my rotation ruler, but whatever. And you draw this line through these points. In general, you can sometimes continue this. We don't need to for this particular example, but you can continue by then going to this point and rotating your ruler again and getting another point. And then you could continue at this point and so on. And the polygon you get like this is called the Newton polygon. There are actually several slightly different variations of what the Newton polygon actually is. But for this lecture, we're only going to use the first edge of the Newton polygon. We don't really care about these, but the other ones are important in other applications. And now, well, there's a bit of a problem here because you notice this edge doesn't pass through a point on this line. And this is a bit inconvenient. So what we want to do is to add extra points so that it passes through a point for y to the n minus 1. So here's y to the n minus 1. And we want it to pass through this point. And that's easy to arrange. So what we have to do is to change x to x to the 1 over r for some suitable value of r. So r, in this case, will be 2 because we have to go down by 2 to get to that point there. And changing x to x to 1 over the r is harmless because you remember we're using Prisa series where you're allowed to use rational powers of x. So we can assume the Newton polygon looks like this. So here we've got y to the n, and we've got 1. And the Newton polygon, by filling around with x, we've arranged that the edge of the Newton polygon actually passes through this point y to the n minus 1 x to the something. So this will be y to the n minus 1 x to the some other number m. So this term will occur in the polynomial. This term may or may not occur. And there may be several other monomials that occur. And what we do is we think of these as the smallest degree terms. Well, here, by degree, we have to put degree of y is equal to m and degree of x equals 1. So we're not giving y and x both the same degree. But we think of the terms here as being the smallest degree terms. And the things on this line form a homogeneous polynomial in y and x to the m. And we can factorize it. So we get y minus alpha x to the m, y minus beta x to the m, and so on. And now we're going to make the change of variable. We just change y to y plus alpha x to the m in order to get rid of one of these factors. So our polynomial now becomes y times y minus something x to the m times y minus something x to the m and so on. And what this means is that if you take this line here and extend it down where it meets the x-axis, this coefficient vanishes. So there's no term in x to the mn. And so we now have y as a root. And it may be a root. So not y as a root. Zero is a root. And zero may be a root of high multiplicity. We're not quite sure. So now what we do is we make the following change of variable. We change y to x to the m times y. Now if we do this, all the monomials y, y to the n minus one. So y to the n will change to x to the m, y to the n, y to the n minus one, x to the m will change to, so x to the mn, x to the mn, y to the n minus one, and so on. And these are all divisible by m, x to the mn. So we can then divide by x to the mn. And let's look at what this does to the coefficients. So what happens is that the coefficients on this line that we were interested in all get shifted. So y to the m times x are just fixed. So these stay where they are. These coefficients get shifted like that. And this coefficient gets shifted there and so on. And these coefficients get shifted like this. This coefficient gets shifted like that. So all the coefficients on the Newton ruler line get shifted to here. And this coefficient will be zero because we made it zero by changing y to y plus something times x to the n. And some of the other coefficients might be zero. And this coefficient is definitely not zero. Now, if any of these coefficients are none zero, then we've changed our original problem to one with a smaller power of y. So if these are none zero, we've changed y to the n to y to the power of y to something smaller. This corresponds to the coefficient of y to the n. And you see if one of these is none zero, we've now got a smaller power of y. And so we can just go back and start again. So we start again with the smaller power of y. So that happens if this original root alpha was of multiplicity less than n. So we have to think further about what happens if this original root alpha happens to have multiplicity exactly equal to n. This can happen quite a lot, especially if n is say one. But it occasionally happens if n is bigger than one. So what happens in this case is, let's draw these points again. What has happened is that if it is equal to one, then actually this coefficient was one and actually all these coefficients were in fact zero. And so by making the change of variable, we either reduce the smallest power of y or we make all the coefficients on Newton's line zero. Well, if they're all zero, then Newton's ruler doesn't get stuck here. We can now rotate Newton's ruler a little bit further. And we now run into a different point here somewhere. So what happens is what we've done is we've made a change y goes to y plus something times x to the n. And either this makes n to something smaller or we can rotate Newton's ruler a bit further. If we rotate Newton's ruler, we can repeat this whole business again. So we can now change y to y plus something times x to the n plus one.  So we can keep changing y to y plus a power of x plus a higher power of x plus a higher power of x. And this either continues forever or we reduce the smallest power of y. Now we can only reduce the smallest power of y a finite number of times because it starts with n and can't get below zero. So eventually we must hit a point where this process here continues forever. Well, what happens if we do that? So we're sort of changing y to y plus something times x, then we're changing y to y plus something times x squared and so on. And the result of all this is we change y to y plus something times x plus something times x squared plus something times x cubed and so on. And the result of all this is that all powers of the form y to the ix to the j for i less than n and now zero after this change. So our series is divisible by y to the n, but by the time you've got to this point n is usually equal to one. So anyway, it's divisible by y. Well, this means the original series, so the original series f of x, y is divisible by some power series in x to the one over r for some r. So you remember, at various points in the calculation we had to change x to x to the one over r in order to ensure that this line went through a point with coefficient y to the n minus one. So we've managed to find a power series solution of the form y. So we've managed to find a power series solution y equals power series in x to the one over r which satisfies f of x, y equals zero. So that concludes the proof of Newton's theorem that you can find solutions to algebraic equations that are power series and some fractional power of x. So what can you do with this? Well, the first consequence is that the field of pre-sust series is algebraically closed. So you remember the pre-sust series are things of the form that can be written as c of x to the one over r, x minus one over r. So these are power series and x to the one over r which are allowed a finite number of negative exponents. And the reason for this is you see Newton's method works perfectly well if you've got something in x and y where this is a pre-sust series in x. You still find a solution y. And you can think of this as being a polynomial in the field k of y where k is the field of pre-sust series. So what this is saying is that if you've got a polynomial in y whose coefficients of pre-sust series, then you can find a root that is also pre-sust series. In other words, this is just saying the pre-sust series are an algebraically closed field. It's one of the very few examples of an algebraically closed field you can write down explicitly other than the complex numbers. In fact, it's an example of a quasi-finite field. Sorry, the pre-sust series are an example of a quasi-finite field, which means that the haze is very much like a finite field in the following sense. So suppose you take the pre-sust series, the field of pre-sust series and you look at all its algebraic extensions. Well, by Newton's theorem, the only algebraic extensions are ones you get by adding a root of x. So we get k and then we're going to join x to the half or we're going to join x to the quarter or we're going to join x to the third or x to the one over sixth and so on. So the collection of field extensions of k is very easy to describe. You just get one extension of degree n for every n and they're embedded in each other in this way. You remember this is exactly what happens for a finite field of order p. It's contained in the finite field of order p squared and the finite field of order p cubed and these are contained in the finite field of order p to the sixth. This is contained in the finite field of order p to the fourth and so on. So in both cases, you can write down the absolute Galois group. It's just a sort of inverse limit of cyclic groups and it's just the completion of the integers. Whoops, sorry, that should be z hat, which is a sort of almost a cyclic group except it's not quite cyclic. So the field of Prisa series behaves very much like a finite field in that they have the same absolute Galois group. And finally, I should explain what Newton's theorem has to do with resolution of singularity. Suppose you've got a plain curve singularity. So what's the curve going to do? It does something complicated at the origin. It's got a singularity here. And what Newton's theorem says is that if we change x to x to 1 over r, this kind of looks as follows. So we've got a singular point here and we've now got several curves. So here's y is equal to f1 of x to 1 over r. And we've got another curve going through it. y equals f2 of x to 1 over r. And so on, we might have y equals f3 of x to 1 over r and so on. So these are Prisa series. So Newton's results showed that we can find one curve like this, but obviously we can just sort of iterate this and decompose this as a product of n curves like this where the smallest power of y is y to the n. And this is very nearly a desingularization of the singularity here because you sort of split up the singularity into several nice non-singular curves which just happen to touch each other. So you can imagine we can just take hold of these curves and just pull them apart and that would be a resolution of singularities of our original singularity. And of course Newton didn't state a theorem about resolution of singularities. I don't think people even use the term resolution of singularities. However, his method of proof is more or less, more or less shows you can resolve the singularities of an algebraic plane curve and you can modify it very slightly so that it does in fact become a resolution of singularities. So I think it's fair to say that Newton was the first person to show that you could resolve the singularities of a plane curve.


Since the dawn of the cloud, the Cube has been there. Connecting with executives, practitioners, entrepreneurs, thought leaders. But you're not a thought leader anymore, you're a futurist. That's the new trend. Futurist is the buzzword. No, I'm not. I'm very much living in the past. I don't like the future. I don't think much of the present. Damn, John Cleese. There's a lot of people out there who have no idea what they're doing, but they have absolutely no idea that they have no idea what they're doing.  That's why the planet doesn't work. Knowledgeable, insightful, and a true gentleman. And the guy at the counter recognized me and said, Are you listening? Yes, I'm tweeting away. I tweet, I'm tweeting away. He just got rude that way. John Cleese joins the Cube alumni. Welcome, John. You've got your phone calls you need once. Come on, let me check.


Discover the exquisite beauty of Islam with our exclusive poster collection showcasing the 99 names of Allah. Each poster meticulously presents the Arabic name, pronunciation and English translation embodying the essence of our Creator. Elevate your surroundings with these high quality designs that not only serve as art but also offer a glimpse into the profound beauty of Islamic culture. Immerse yourself in the collection and unveil the magnificence of the 99 names. Links in the description box. Alright guys, welcome back to the channel. If you're new, my name is Bobby. Guys, today we're going to react to an Orthodox Christian revert to Islam. This should be a very interesting video because if you've been watching my channel you know that I myself come from an Orthodox Christian background and I reverted to Islam last year, alhamdulillah. Therefore, for me, it is absolutely mind blowing to see that there are more Orthodox Christians that do accept Islam. Guys, before we jump into the video, as always, do me the favor. Leave me a thumbs up if you enjoy my content. Subscribe to the channel if you haven't already and check out the links in the description box below to further support. And now with no further ado, let's have a look. My name is Savannah. I'm 27 years old, originally from Bulgaria. And I had Islam at age of 19 in 2016. Marshall, this is quite amazing. As I said in the beginning, I come from an Orthodox Christian background. But moreover, I come from a Balkan background as well. My parents are from Northern Macedonia, which makes us ethnically Bulgarian. Even though they were back to differ, of course, they don't see it the same way. However, me studying the history of Macedonia, I, of course, realize that we are ethnically Bulgarian after all. So therefore, here I see a fellow Bulgarian lady that actually accepted Islam. This is absolutely mind blowing to me personally. As a Christian in an Orthodox family. So basically, in Christianity. But I wouldn't say that I was... I can't say that I was raised from religious people. So my family identified themselves as a Christian. They celebrate Christmas, they celebrate Easter and so on and so forth. But if you ask them, what does that mean? Or if you ask them questions related to the Bible, they can't answer because I never saw them reaching it. Yeah, I can 100% relate to this. And I talked about it multiple times here on my channel. Most people, the majority on the Balkan have absolutely no idea about religion. They are identified culturally as Christians. They have a very clear perception of who is Christian and who is Muslim. However, theologically speaking, they have absolutely no clue about the religion. It is really the case. My father is 66 years old by now and he never heard about the Trinity. He never read the Bible. How often did I have to participate in certain religious holidays? And every time I would ask the people, what are we celebrating? Nobody could tell me what it was about. They will always tell me, well, our ancestors celebrate this. Our grandparents celebrate this. So we have to celebrate this too. But this never satisfied me. I always wanted to understand why do we celebrate this particular saint? Who is this guy? What did he do? What is the importance of this holiday? Nobody had a clue. And yet again, not even intrinsic doctrines they understood, such as the Trinity. The Trinity proclaims that God is three in one, meaning the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. But my father told me from a very, very young age out on that God is one, uniquely one. He is the greatest. He would always tell me there is nobody that is like God. And this, of course, absolutely Quranic, absolutely Islamic. We as Muslims would claim this is the fitrah. My father never partook in the church and never read the Bible as I said. So naturally, intuitively, instinctively, he of course understood that God is one. And this is the belief that the majority holds on the Balkan. However, they do not want to accept Islam because they see Islam as the enemy. We have a long history with the Ottoman Empire, then certain wars with the Albanian population, which is predominantly Muslim yet again. And therefore, they simply see it as their faith, not understanding that they don't even realize what their own faith entails. Of course, get my existential questions. I always wanted to know more. I always felt connected to God and, you know, I always was talking to God. For example, I hit one cross around my neck and when I was feeling sad or desperate or just wanted to talk with someone, I was always getting that cross and I was always talking to God. If I cry, I will talk to God. If I'm happy, I will talk to God, you know, like all the time.  So I always hit my existential questions and I always need an answer for them. So, Alhamdulillah, Allah showed me the answers. Alhamdulillah, Allah guided me to Islam. Well, I will keep it sweet in short. Once I graduated high school, I graduated language school. So I decided that I'm going to study in Germany. But before that, my family said, okay, you need to practice your language before to go there. So because I was going, coming anyway alone at the age of 18. So they said that I have to practice my language during the summer while I'm working with German guests. And my mother actually applied for me in Thomas Cook, like a kid entertainer for a position in a Bulgarian hotel. Unfortunately for my parents, obviously not for me. Once I went to the interview, the interview went very well. But my supervisor, the woman that hired me, she said, we unfortunately do not have a position in Bulgaria, but I can offer you in Spain, Palma de Mallorca, Ibiza or Egypt. And once I've heard of Egypt, that's that. That was for me. I decided I'm going to Egypt. So I accept the boy and that's how later on I accepted Islam. So I never saw in my life someone practicing Islam. I never saw somebody fasting or praying or somebody showing that they are practicing Muslims. Yeah, I can absolutely relate to this as well. Travel is so important, so absolutely crucial because she just sat there. She never saw anybody practice Islam. As I said, in Macedonia, we have a big Muslim population which are predominantly Albanians and I personally never saw them pray. I never saw Islam from the inside, if you will, because I never entered mosque. It was simply their religion, so I did not see them practice whatsoever. And the same applies for Germany, where I grew up in. In Germany, many of my friends were Muslim. However, they were far from practicing. Many of them were involved in all kinds of criminal behavior that I don't want to get into here in this video. But anyways, the point of the story is that I did not really experience Islam around me. However, when I started traveling, namely to Malaysia, this is where I experienced Islam for the very first time. I was absolutely amazed. So everybody from Malaysia watching, it is you guys that made the shift. I couldn't believe how hospitable those people were. How nice they were. How family-friendly. I haven't experienced anything like it on my travels. It was absolutely mind-blowing that this is what Islam is. So I started seeing the mosque still from the outside. But nevertheless, I got a slight taste of Islam. And then later on in Thailand, which is not a Muslim country. But nevertheless, I finally went into the mosque and saw Islam in action, so to speak. How does it look like when Muslims pray? And this really sealed the deal for me. But it was the travel. It was the change of scenery. Because within my own environment in Germany or in Macedonia, there was no possibility for me to partake in Islam. There was no possibility for me to even think about, you know, well, I'm just going to go to an Albanian Mosque now. That wouldn't have had happened. However, in a faraway country, in a different cultural environment, in a different continent even. Yes, absolutely. I was able to observe Islam and get to know Islam. So therefore, travel is an absolute blessing. I would say that most problems that people hold, be it certain racist, nationalistic ideologies, or be it even certain depressive disorders that people have, certain limited belief systems that they hold onto. All of this can be dissolved by simply traveling. So I really want to urge everybody, no matter how little money you got, you can travel very, very cheaply. It will change your perspective forever. Matter of fact, I don't want to rant on for too long, but this is how I started this channel as well. It was through travel, through talking to people.  I never heard of YouTube. I never used YouTube. I was simply traveling through Australia. And people told me that I would be the guy for it. I had no clue. I bought a smartphone for the very first time in my life and I started filming myself talking to that phone.  I knew about Ramadan because a day into Ramadan, we were receiving always sweet things from from in the school or from the neighbors, but I never did actually knew Islam. Once I shared with my family that I want to go to Egypt. Of course, they didn't agree, but we have the rule in Bulgaria that once you arrive to a team, nobody can say to your team. So anyway, I went to Egypt and in that place where I was working in a hotel in Fulcada, I've met my husband and through him and his family later on, I found Islam. I saw how my the family of my husband was praying and my husband and how they were reading Quran. So I just followed them and I just wanted to do exactly what they did because I saw the peace. The peace took me. I'm coming from a family. We know that peaceful inside the house and the peace I saw and I felt there just took me and I decided that I'm going to accept Islam and after that, after accepting Islam, I started to want to know more about the religion. So I asked them, but I also found that in Instagram, there are a bunch of pages which are speaking about Islam like a Mufti make or like so many shakes and so many groups. So I followed them and that's why actually made my own page later on when I started to know more about Islam. So because I wanted to help the people out there like that people, I followed helped me and that's how I found more resources through the power of internet and through my family. I was sitting like I've covered myself, I've covered some my hair and so on and I just took my fame, my Shahada with my husband. I this feeling when you take your Shahada it's indescribable. I cannot express it. I cannot describe it. You feel like a newborn. You literally feel like a newborn.  Like it's a feeling and you can describe it and honestly after I took my Shahada, I had so much dreams and so much beautiful dreams.  I don't know how to express it, but you express it pretty well. Yeah, it's always beautiful to hear Shahada stories, especially hers. I believe that everybody could feel it. She said she can re-express it. I think she expressed it quite well. With my Shahada, it was fairly similar, but slightly different. For me, it was a huge weight that just dropped off my shoulders because I postponed my Shahada for such a long time. And once I said those words, all of this weight was lifted and I realized, man, what have you been doing? Why did you rebel for such a long time? It felt almost unnecessary even because I got the message and this is why I have to urge you guys. If you get the message, you understand the message except Islam. That's really what it is. You won't get some crazy surprise later on. Many people are so brainwashed through YouTube that they really believe, before I accept Islam, I have to become perfect. I have to finish all the Hadith. I have to finish the Koran, et cetera, et cetera. You name it. But the message of Islam is so simple and think about it. The Koran wasn't revealed in its fullness before people started accepting Islam, right? It took over 20 years for the Koran to be revealed and during those 20 years, many people accepted Islam. So therefore, it's not a prerequisite that you have to read the whole Koran in order to accept Islam. The message is very simple. There is no God worthy of worship, but Allah, one God. That's it. And Muhammad is his messenger, may peace be upon him. That in turn implies that all of the people, the prophets before him were just that, prophets, messengers of God. They were not God, such as the Christians claim. This is Islam. It's simply pure monotheism. And for me, it took so long, man, because I was so brainwashed by YouTube, by my environment, by history, by culture and whatnot. And therefore, once I took my Shahada, it simply felt like, oh, such a relief. Finally, it is done. Finally, I'm not rebelling against God anymore. Finally, I submitted my will. Allah guides whom he wills. And that's how that has happened. My family wasn't for it. Like, to not mention that I'm brainwashed. Of course, I didn't, I didn't share with them directly once I accepted Islam. But later on, when I decided when I, when I saved my courage to say so, they thought that I'm brainwashed. It was a time where I didn't have connections with them. But, you know, like, I, I've tried so many times to explain. I've tried so many times to explain. Why did I accept Islam? And I've tried, but they say, um, don't try to convince me in something I don't believe. So Allah guides whom he wills. I can't make more than that. And, uh, they, of course, they are not, um, happy that I'm a Muslim and they feel betrayed that I betrayed them and I betrayed God, like, but I already said in the beginning, they are not the kind of people that read the Bible, but they feel offended from my decision. But even though it's a my decision. Yeah, man, this video really delivered for me personally because as I said in the beginning, this should be an interesting video and absolutely is for me. I hope for you as well. But there's so many parallels, man, that I can relate to. It's quite fascinating because Balkan parents are Balkan parents after all. And my parents reacted the same way. They feel absolutely betrayed by my decision. And moreover, they believe as well that I betrayed God somehow I committed a great sin to leave Christianity in front of God because God decided apparently that I am supposed to be a Christian and therefore if I accept Islam, I'm going against God. I'm committing some sort of sin. This is really their understanding, but the same time just as she said here, they do not have any idea about the theology of Islam or Christianity. So who are they to judge ultimately, but be that as it may as I said already, Balkan parents will be Balkan parents and for them it was absolutely not understandable to this very day. So I accept Islam roughly one year ago and to this very day, I haven't talked one word with my father. We haven't exchanged one word. He simply does not want to respond to me. He doesn't talk to me. He acts as if I do not exist at all. It's very unfortunate, but as she said as well correctly I can fully relate a lot of guides who he wants. My family, the family of my husband, they are so excited and all of the neighbors and everyone who knows me, it's very happy that I took my Shahada, I would always be thankful to him and his family for showing me the beauty of Islam because that changed my life. I found my peace. I found I found the happiness because you know you may have everything, but if you do not hear the peace inside your heart, the peace inside your soul, like you just don't hear a thing. All right, this is it for today's video. I'm going to cut it off here. If you want to watch the full video, please head over to the channel, the Quran Motivation and check out the video Darkness to Light. Islam gives inner peace to me. Revered story of Orthodox Christian as I said throughout the video, I could relate to pretty much everything she said and in the entry mentioned there that the inner peace is the most important thing. And she's absolutely right. If you don't have the inner peace, nothing in this world counts. You can be in a huge mansion. You can be surrounded by everything you love on the surface level, but if you don't have peace inside, nothing means anything.  Only if you have this inner peace, you are actually living, I would claim because otherwise you're in a constant disconnect. You're seeking on the outside. You're trying to feed yourself to feed your inner peace, but you cannot accomplish it because that peace does not come from the outside. It comes from the inside. It comes through God. Your fitra is in a constant struggle with your ego because you simply are not submitting your will to God, but you're seeking on the outside, trying to mold the world to your will. Ultimately, if you don't accept Islam, you are playing God. You're acting as if you are God. This is basically the atheistic framework.  Or you believe in Hinduism and all of a sudden the elephant-head man is a God for you as well. This is incongruity. It is absolutely unjustifiable to your intuition, to your fitra.   All right, guys, but this is it for this video. If you enjoyed it, leave me a thumbs up. Subscribe to the channel. If you haven't already, check out the links in the description box. We have a beautiful merge for you to further support the channel. And now, as always, may God bless you all, much love and peace.


Tonight's Daily Fantasy Baseball slate is a doozy because we've got both Jacob de Grom and Shohei Otani pitching for tonight across Major League Baseball. And that is a delight as a baseball fan, as a human being, a bit confusing, conflicting as an MLB DFS player because we had to choose between those two guys. We cannot have both within the same lineup for Daily Fantasy Baseball. So unless you want to split things right down the middle, you're playing lots of lineups, you got to choose between these two guys. De Grom versus Otani, it's tough. It is never fun to pick one over the other. We're going to break that down. Let you know where I am leaning between those two guys. Let you know why that's the case and where else I am turning to for MLB DFS on Tuesday. Welcome on into the solo shop. That's right here on the FanDuel Podcast Network and Numberfire.com. My name is Jim Sonnis. I am a senior writer and analyst for Numberfire here to break down Tuesday's 10 a game main slate with lock set for 7 0 7 p.m. Eastern for today. Once again, the 6 p.m. Games not on the main slate for today. It is just those from 7 0 7 p.m. Eastern on weather for today. The winds are out to right at nine miles per hour at Wrigley Field for the Cubs in the Padres. I don't take we go bananas for nine miles per hour, but would bump up the bats for both the Cubs and the Padres a bit as a result of that wind. The low and outlier temperatures for today are in Phoenix Brewers and Diamondbacks 91 degrees there. Then it is 54 degrees in San Francisco for the Giants and the Dodgers. I would downgrade bats in San Francisco and upgrade them in Phoenix though not as much as before because temperatures out East are higher than they were before. So keep that in mind for sure. It's still better than usual, but it's more close to what a neutral park factor for Phoenix would be because it is warmer elsewhere. We'll dive in to DeGrom versus Otani and talk about the rest of the slate here in just one second. But first, a reminder to make sure you're subscribed to the Number Fire Daily Fantasy podcast feed wherever you get your podcast coming up later on today. Our PGA podcast for the RBC Heritage. It is not the Masters, but still an elevated field this week. Scottie Schaeffer and John Rom there to headline things will break down that with Brandi Gadulla later on today. So get that by subscribing to the Number Fire Daily Fantasy podcast feed wherever you get your podcasts. And if you like what you hear leave us a five star rating as well. The NBA playoffs are here and you can turn crossovers into cash with FanDuel just invite or just visit FanDuel right now and place a $5 bet and you'll get an instant 150 bucks in bonus bets win or lose. There is no better place to bet all the playoff action than America's number one sportsbook. Just go to FanDuel and sign up and get a $150 in bonus bets when you bet your first five bucks. FanDuel official sports betting partner of the NBA gambling problem call 1-800-GAMBLER-HOPE-IS-HERE gambling help line ma.org or call<PHONE_NUMBER> for 24 seven support in Massachusetts in New York one eight seven seven eight hope and wire text to open why in must be 21 plus and president select states. FanDuel is offering online sports wagering in Kansas under the agreement with the Kansas Star Casino LLC bonus issued is non with probable bonus bets that expire seven days after a seat restriction applies to full terms at sportsbook.FanDuel.com gambling problem called 1-800-GAMBLER was the FanDuel.com slash RG in Arizona 1-800-NEXT-STEP or text NEXT-STEP to 533-42 in Connecticut 1-88-789-7777 or was it ccpg.org slash chat in Indiana 1-800-9 with it in Wyoming and Kansas 1-800-522-4700 or visit ksgamblinghealth.com in Kansas. Louisiana is 1-800-777-770 stop in Maryland mdgamblinghealth.org and in West Virginia. Go to 1-800-GAMBLER.net pitching preview for this Tuesday main site show hey oh Tony comes in with the highest salary on FanDuel his salary is $10,800. Followed by Jacob DeGrama 10-6 we got Alec Minoa at $9900 Corbin Burns in 97 Pablo Lopez hot start so far is 96 Dustin May is 95 got Kyle Wright at 91 with Lance Lynn Merrill Kelly David Peterson Alex Wooden Hayden Wisnesky and Miles Mikolas as the others at $8000 or higher now obviously the two guys battling for the top pitching slot tonight are Jacob DeGram and show hey oh Tony and I love both so what I want to do is lay out the case for both these guys and then I will let you know how I'm handling them for tonight DeGram is facing the Royals and we did see him come back to life last week bouncing back from that rough debut six innings 11 strikeouts in a 25% swinging strike rate gets another good match up here with an 84 WRC plus against righties of the Royals lineup again against on their current active roster since righties since the start of last year and a 134 ISO DeGram returning to form last week puts faith in the longer term numbers for DeGram we have 13 starts on DeGram since the beginning of last year and in that time a 1.61 skill interactive ERA with a 43% strikeout rates his heart hit rate allowed just 32% so no real weaknesses into Grom's game when he's really healthy he has let up some runs in his first two starts but that's not a huge worry to me because the bad about data is good he's getting with so there are a lot of things into Grom's favor and I am treating him as the full DeGram first night it's similar for Otani and you add on the fact for him at the volume for him is discussing because Otani last time out when 112 pitches it was only six innings but he's ready to rock he is fully stretched out and Otani look good couple too many walks not the best swinging strike rates and some hard contact but just one and run on three hits across six innings so he was not peak Otani but he was still in a pretty good spot there he's facing the Nationals tonight 87 WRC plus against righties with a 132 ISO they're not the biggest strikeout team but they also don't draw walks so that's good for Otani if the control is slightly off from where it usually is so between these two Otani has a pitch count to Grom has the widths both have a good matchup so which guy should we favor I'm going to go to Grom personally because even with a lower pitch count projection the Otani I have to Grom projected for 10.7 strikeouts that is actually the highest mark since I started doing strikeout projections at the beginning of last year now that doesn't include weekends and stuff like that I'm not projecting every single picture just looking at main slates and stuff like that but the sample of total projected picture pitchers is around like 1700 or so actually above 1800 now so across all 1800 projections no one's been higher than Jacob to Grom for today. Otani is still very high at 8.5 one but that's still two behind the Grom so I love both but I will give the edge to the Grom I think between the two if you're giving me 10 lives I'm probably going 6 or 7 to Grom with the rest being Otani and I think they are the two runaway top guys in the slates we'll talk about one other guy at least in that discussion in things to watch but to me just use the fun guys I think it's one of those slates for sure I do have a strong preference for paying for picture so again use your studs if they're available to you but and I'll talk about another guy I want to consider things to watch but if you were to force me to talk about a value play here I would go with Meryl Kelly. He said home face in the Brewers it's a high strikeout matchup even if they're pretty good elsewhere in their their profile versus righties and the length on Kelly is good because he went 100 pitches in his most recent start. He hasn't looked great to open this year with a lot of hard contact a lot of fly balls too many walks but it's important to know for Kelly that both those games came against the Dodgers which means not only was he facing a very tough team but they also saw him twice in a row in the first game Kelly chase after three and two thirds innings but no runs there at least in the second one let up for runs and five and two thirds innings so he was not great neither but the second one definitely did hurt things the most we've seen Kelly using his change up in his curve ball more to open this year and those are too higher with pitches for him then the rest of his arsenal which is a good thing he has an 11.5% swinging strike rate across two starts that is up from 9.7% last year so I'm not sure if it'll lead to strikeouts eventually but it is better to get with the not get with and he has walked too many guys to start the year but I do have Kelly projected for six strikeouts 6.00 that's not a bad number for a guy with a salary at $8600 so between Lanslin David Peterson and Merrill Kelly I prefer Kelly but to me this late is really about the studs so even though I'm talking up Kelly here if I'm being fully transparent probably not going to crack my player pool for today so I want to focus on show hey oh Tony Jacob to Grom and the one other stud we'll talk about in things to watch before that though let's dig into the stacks for today and got to give some respect to Kyle Freeland he's had two awesome starts to open the year he has gone 12 and two-thirds innings he has let up zero earned runs and one of those starts is of course field the bad at ball data for Freeland is good enough to where it doesn't seem fluky it seems like he has earned those good results it's just a really tough test for him tonight and I think I'm going to stack against him despite really respecting what he's done so far the tough matchup for Freeland is with the Cardinals who have sicko numbers against lefties a 143 WRC plus made 225 ISO 42% fly ball rate you take those numbers which can crush at Nuba Stadium and put them in course field that's pretty tough so Freeland is pitching really well but the question is is it good enough to contain an offense that is this good on a launch pad like course field it might be that's very much in the range of possibilities but I don't want to avoid it due to just a couple of starts so I am going to stack the Cardinals here but it is worth noting how good Freeland has been and that this is far from a guarantee to work there is no such thing as a guarantee in in life but I think that especially in MLB DFS but especially here it's worth noting there is definite downside despite how good the Cardinals are and despite the fact is course field now the Cardinals are a team that will platoon where they have three lefties who tend to sit against lefties and Dylan Carlson started last night but he's typically guys been starting primarily against lefties and he hits high in the order the key thing with Carlson though is that he plays the entire game that's always the concern with guys in a platoon where Harold Ramirez we may start for the race but not always go in the full nine innings which means a lot less volume for us in DFS Carlson has a bit of power got some speed he's he's a guy who will probably hit second I would guess for tonight and Carlson salary is $2,800 so Dylan Carlson I would say should be a focal point within our Cardinals stature tonight based on the boxes he checks from a profile perspective outside of course field the Braves are facing Luis Cessa in Atlanta for tonight and it's not totally a done deal what Cessa will look like as a starter but the early returns tell me we can definitely stack against him so this has been fully stretched out now for about seven start dating back to last year in that time Cessa has a 3.62 era which is is very nice but the bad of all data is rough 41% hard hit rate in that time and a 42% fly ball rate he also has a 16% strikeout rate so he's letting up a lot of balls and play letting up a lot of impactful contact which is typically a pretty bad combination just hasn't been him yet it could happen here given the match up the Braves haven't been elite so far and they did put Michael Harris the second on the IL which is not fun but despite not having Harris still a 184 ISO versus righties which means they have very good upside I think we'll see Cessa's results swing the wrong way eventually based on that that a ball profile and I think that it's a good time to start stacking here now just in case that does wind up being true Cessa looking back to last year to have some weird reverse splits where righties hit him harder than lefties is a pretty small sample though so not sure we need to worry about that too much but if we look at Cessa against lefties last week in his first start no strikeouts across 10 plate appearances and just a 25% ground ball rate so I think until we get a larger sample here the way to play things is just look at the batters numbers versus righties you know their advanced numbers it's probably not a bad approach approach in general to skew that direction but I would say just keep on doing that so I think especially with the lower sample on Cessa that's the way to play things our third stack here is going to be the Mets they're facing Ryan Weathers and I said against Weathers last week which did not go well but it is a different situation this week and I'm going to give it a swing and see how it goes that start last week for Weathers was against Arizona we talked about it at the time they might just think against lefties they did score two runs and five innings so it was not nothing but it there wasn't a lot of power there's not a lot of power in that offense whereas the Mets are a much better offense 117 WRC plus against lefties they're not the most powerful team against lefties but they are a much more powerful team than Arizona Weathers had just two strikeouts in that game so he was solid but he was definitely not dominant Weathers in the spring though 20 strikeouts there across 14 and two-thirds innings he also let up five home runs so did get strikeouts but let up a lot of home runs so it'd be cool to see Weathers get back to the potential he had shown when he first came up but I want to see improvement before I assume it'll happen so I do think the Mets great out well for tonight and the Mets are a quality third stack for our consideration I would love within the Mets stacks of Sterling Marte we're to be able to play for tonight sat out last night due to a neck injury I want the speed that's the obvious appeal with Marte and we're focusing more on speed this year but also 10.7% barrel rate this year he has a 200 ISO versus lefties since the start of last year so I want Marte to play and if he does I'll be heavily on him for tonight because his profile for DFS right now is so good especially against lefties also would be an on Tommy fan if he plays because he's looked very good in a small sample so far this year let's go now to things to watch and talk about one more picture I think is worth considering if you want to pivot off of DeGrom and Otani and that guy's Pablo Lopez he's looked awesome with this new slider he has this year he has a 36% strikeout rate with a 2.98 skill interactive ERA to start sample so very small but that's really good he's facing the White Sox not a super high strikeout team but also not the most powerful team not the most dangerous team I think you could consider Lopez the pivot but DeGrom and Otani still my preferences for sure I'm not broadly in on the Cubs offense because they're pretty underwhelming but I will definitely have shares tonight given the weather Chris facing Chris Flexon lot of hard contact and a lot of fly balls for him flexing pretty gnarly reverse platoon splits last year so I'd bump up righties versus how you typically view them when they're facing a rightie here so check in the Cubs you can check out the Mariners too but a bit higher and Hayden Wisnesky than I am on Chris Flexon other two stacks to consider here are the Rockies and the Angels the Angels get Josiah Gray who has improved this year I think but still a lot of fly balls Rockies at home against Miles Nicholas I prefer the Rockies between the two it's kind of hard to turn down course field but both those teams should at least be on your list to look into after you get your share of the Cubs but then also the top three stacks tonight of the Cardinals Braves and the Mets let's finish up here with the Dinger calls for today and go back to a couple of teams we discussed in the stacking section the boring one Matt Olson facing Ceci let's up a lot of fly balls lot of hard contact that is the perfect recipe for home runs and Olson willing to supply them so Matt Olson the boring home run pick for today the fun one going back to Jordan Walker lot of power in that bats he's shown some of the power so far this year not the best loft like his fly ball right not quite as high as what I was hoping is about 31% in double a last year been pretty low so far this year but it's course he's hitting Rockets maybe one of those will connect and get some loft on it we can we can party there so the home run calls for today Matt Olson and Jordan Walker that is all that we have here for today on the solo shot but as mentioned back again later on today to break down PGA DFS for the RPC heritage get that by subscribing to the number fire daily fantasy podcast feed wherever you get your podcasts also your reminder the solo shot is available on the fandal YouTube page if you want to watch it over there as well if you want a video version of the show just subscribe to the fandal YouTube page if you've got any questions for me I am on Twitter at Jim Sonnis J. I. M. S. A. N. N. E. S. You can also follow the fandal podcast network at fandal podcast want to thank you all for tuning in for today good luck to you with your MLB DFS lineups will talk to you once again tomorrow to break down Wednesday slate this has been the solo shot right here on the fandal podcast network.


Frequency, did you use to stop smoking? I want to know. So we actually have a frequency in our database is called a curb addictions or stop addictions. So it can work for smoking. You can use that specifically. But what actually happens is once your body raises its resilience, the craving stop. Okay, so you're craving cigarettes or craving food or craving sugar, those tend to subside.  The reason that a lot of addictions happen is because your cells are starving of nutrients or your cells are starving of real healthy energy.


What inspired you to start this project in the first place? Well, quite simply, getting into a prison. I didn't know, have you ever been into a prison? I haven't. No, well, most people haven't, luckily enough though. We have the largest prison population in Europe. We're edging up towards the 90,000 mark at the moment, which is deeply shocking. We have accommodation for just over 74,000, so you can imagine overcrowding in many prisons. I went into a prison which is now called HMP Northumberland. It was then a youth offenders prison and adult prison. It's now been subsumed into one prison of nearly 1,400 men. But I spent a day there. I was going to take up a role in Northumberland where I knew I'd be given a guided tour, and I had a mate who happened to be a chapter. And I said, can I just come in and spend a day with you? And that down must have taken to about 300 men. And the one thing they all said when I asked them what would stop you coming back to prison was work. And I realized there were good things going on in the prison and good things going on outside the prison, but there has to be a bridge between the two. And in spite of lots of very good efforts of a number of people, the bridge wasn't really being, wasn't a solid structure, this bridge of opportunity.


So, what's inside the Metro Ticket Office safe within the Hollywood Boulevard area? Well today guys, together we find out. How's it going people? My name is DPG and if you do enjoy the video, leaving a like really helps out and if you like what you see and want to see more, be sure to subscribe. So the Metro Ticket Office is home to a Luxe safe, found within the Hollywood Boulevard area. But the enemy you need to take down to get this key is on the other side of this map. So to get the key guys, come to this point on the map right by that safe point. You will then need to take out this enemy called the Metro Ticket Taker. So take him down guys, upon you doing this, he drops the keys you need for this safe. So grab these and from this point make your way back to the Metro Ticket Office safe. If you don't know where this is, follow the point I take on screen now. When you get here guys, open this up and you will be rewarded this amazing cremator claymore superior sword. Another weapon you do not want to miss, this one is an absolute beast. So yes people, go get this thing. So this is what's inside the Metro Ticket Office safe. Guys if you enjoyed the video, leaving a like really helps out and if you feel like what you see and want to see more, be sure to subscribe and hopefully guys I'll see you on that next one.


Aloha, awingala. This is Hawaii is my mainland and I'm Kauai Lucas. Archeo astronomy is the study of how people in the past have understood sky phenomena, ways they've used these phenomena and what role the heavens played in their cultures. Archeo astronomy studies the symbolically rich cultural interpretations of sky phenomena, not just the numbers and and lines. Today Martha Noyes is my guest to talk about Hawaiian Archeo astronomy at Kukani Loko, a site in central Oahu as a way of setting the context for understanding current events like the controversy over building the 30-meter telescope on Mauna Kea, for instance. While a deep understanding of Hawaiian cosmogony is not really doable in 20 minutes, we can grasp the foundation. Aloha Kaua, Martha. Thank you. It's wonderful to be here. So you, this has been a 12-year journey of exploration and discovery. It's been the most astonishing experience I've ever had. Obviously I'm not young. I've had many teachers over the years. Never have I had as amazing a teacher as Kukani Loko. Okay, well tell us a little, just a little, a little bit about how you started there. Yes, well. And then we'll talk about why it's so important. Okay. I knew only a little about Kukani Loko. I knew what everybody knows, where it is, that it was the royal birthing site, that it was famous, and that it mattered. I also did know that it was a Kani tradition site, which meant it had a relationship with the sun. I quickly learned that it had a relationship to the sunrise and sunset at the equinoxes. There were specific places in the landscape, Ka'au Makua and Mauna Ka'ala, where the sun rose or set on the two equinoxes. But that was about it. And how did you know that? We'll just take this one specific stick to kind of tie it into the landscape. Okay, so. That was somewhat general knowledge among people closely tied to Kukani Loko. Like Tom Lanchenko, of course, and his sister, Jolin Kalimapau. Also my nephew, Mahia Keale, or Keale Kupuna, and some others. So it was knowledge that's been passed down. People know that. And it's knowledge that is visually recreatable or observable every year, provided that the koalas don't have cloud cover, but they usually do. But still, you can always see the sunset over Ka'ala. Okay. So people knew that on the equinoxes, if you were at Kukani Loko, that's where it was. Exactly. And somehow there was also an orientation at Kukani Loko? Yes, I didn't know that right away. But once I had asked some Kupuna if they thought it would be okay or worthwhile for me to start investigating the astronomy there. And they said, yes. That was one of the first things I saw. I had a map, a survey map or a site plan that archaeologists had done showing the layout of the stones. And looking at that, I, whoa, I can see that it's aiming at the northern, north west, the setting of the June Solstice Sun. I checked it further and sure enough, the site at one end aims at the December Solstice Sunrise at Pu'u Kamana. And on the other end, to the June Solstice Sunset over Kamana Nui. And Kamana Nui is, is right there at that, there's an area there around Kukani Loko, which is called Kamana Nui. Yes, it, no, it's closer to Ka'ana. So it passes over there. There are more landscape markers closer even than that. But it was an interesting juxtaposition of Kamana for December and Kamana Nui for June, indicating a probable relationship of importance. So you were studying the Hawaiian names of heavenly bodies and traditions associated with them. Yes. And, and then somehow tying that into what you saw on the ground. And we have a, we have a, we have that site map or a site map that is a little rough, but we get the idea. And that'll pop up here. Yeah. So this map has is corrected for magnetic north, which means it's slightly off north south, slightly off east west, but basically a line going across from the far right to the far left at the center of the site crosses through the Pico stone and the birthstone. So it connects those two stones to one another. And in the, in the image behind us, we see those stones. Yes. The Pico stone is the stone with the serrations. Okay. And behind you is the birthstone. Okay. Way over there. There you go. There we go. Okay. And they are in an east west relationship. So extending that relationship to Fuukau Makua and the Equinox sunrise goes through those two stones and all the way over to Mauna Kaala at the western or 270 degrees away. So this is, this is a big deal because the west is origin. That's the region of Hawaiian origins. It's the region of ancestry. It and that makes it the reason region of lineage of genealogy, which comes into play with the stars and with birth. And with birth and with absolutely. Absolutely. Yes. The child born at that stone inherits all of that that is represented in that east west line. So as we were trying to having our little discussion prior to this and found ourselves hopping between different different disciplines in the western sense. It was such a good reminder of how our our training has shaped the ways in which we think. And so the exploration of phenomena and tying it into cultural practices, as well as understanding in a completely different system. Can you talk about that? Yes. It was fascinating. It was exciting. It is still fascinating and still exciting to understand what I was seeing. I mean I had data. But data to me, it didn't, what was it without context? But in order to understand context, I had to spend time trying to understand what a dog meant in pre-contact way. What was it symbolically? What was it literally? Flowers, laze, piercing. What did that mean to pierce? Connecting. What did that mean to be connected? What was an opposite? What was a union? All of these things. What was a female deity? And how was she unlike a male deity and vice versa? There wasn't anything that wasn't involved, cordage. I had to learn about the twisting of bits of cord to make cordage. About canoes. It was all part of what we would call archaeoastronomy or cultural astronomy. You can't take one apart. You can't take one strand out of the weaving and still have a mat. And so when people talk about the native Hawaiian religion, for instance, that's a very difficult concept to cut off from the other kinds of understanding as you've just explained, right? Because it was not separate. It's not divisible if Haumea is the star Aldebaran and she is a goddess of birth.  She is also Papa. Papa took the name Haumea when she left Waqia. She is also associated with the breadfruit tree, but a specific kind of breadfruit tree, the low-growing spreading breadfruit tree. How do you make that religion and not science or not medicine or not astronomy? And then if you name the landscape for her, how do you make it not geography? It's a conundrum. It is a tea. Western science has been doing its utmost for the last couple hundred years, however. Yes, and it has taught us many of us well. It has, and then we have to go and teach ourselves. Right, right. So that's basically what you've been doing. So we're going to take a break in a minute and then when we come back, I'm wanting you to explain how some of these systems arise from the land and are translated to broader contexts of understanding. Okay, sure. Thanks. We'll be right back. Hi, I'm Cheryl Crozier-Garcia. I'm the host of Working Together on Think Tech Hawaii. It's a program where we discuss the impact of change on workers, employers, and the economy. So join us every other Tuesday from 4 o'clock to 4.30. We're live in the studio on Working Together in Think Tech Hawaii. Take care. See you soon. Bye. Aloha. I'm State Senator Russell Ruderman. I represent the Puna and Kau district on the Big Island and the host of Ruderman Roundtable. We're here on Think Tech Hawaii every other Tuesday at 2 p.m. You can join us at thinktechhawaii.com. You can find a link there to a page where you can see past episodes, and we talk here about good government, environmental issues, and issues of the day facing the state of Hawaii. I'm Russell Ruderman. Please join us for the Ruderman Roundtable. Mahalo. Aloha. Welcome back to Hawaii is my mainland. I'm Kaui Lucas, and with me today is Martha Noyes, and we are talking about Kukaui Loko, and we are talking about the intersection of culture and science to put it in western terms. But just life, the way life was lived in pre-contact Hawaii, and using the overall umbrella term of archaeoastronomy. So Kukaui Loko, the birthing stones near Wahiowa in central Oahu, where you have spent a great deal of time, and just really deep research. So help us learn some of the systemic lessons of working in a place like that that is so heavily layered with meanings and lessons. Yes. Kukaui Loko is a very special place, obviously. And sometimes I would go out there armed with instruments, western science data stuff, and I'd get out there and I'd go, oh I don't want to, and I'd just kind of walk, and then I'd go sit down, and I wouldn't use my instruments, and I'd be there for 15 minutes or an hour or longer, and I wouldn't do anything except be there. And then I'd go home, and I'd think, oh okay. And then all of a sudden in the middle of the night I would understand something that I didn't know I needed to know, and I would jump out of bed and go to my computer and fire up maps and planetarium software, and I'd go, oh my god, that's amazing. One of those events was learning that the mountains, some of the mountains in the Waianae range, which is west of Kukaui Loko, were named for stars, not because the stars set there, but because of the evening that the stars rose, the sun set there. Wow. Yeah. That was my reaction, like, wow. So this is one of the bits of data that says the sky experts or the star experts really, really understood the relationships among celestial bodies. They knew that if the sun was here, this star was there. They knew where the architecture of the sky was at all times. This is something we don't continue to have those relationships in our mind. If Waianae is there, Taurus or Aldebaran is here, and if they're there and there, the sun is where. We don't know, but they knew. And let's talk about some of the rock formations too. We have a couple other pictures of the Kukaui Loko, and we can say, for instance, this one. Kukaui Loko has two, excuse me, the pico stone at Kukaui Loko has two of these concentric circles on it. One on the southern side of the widest part of the stone, and one on the northern side of the widest part of the stone. This one's on the southern side. You can see a pico there in that set of concentric circles, that little gouge in the center. The northern set of circles also has one. If you were to draw a line between those two central pukas, that line would be exactly true north to true south. Yeah, not from Polaris to the southern cross, because that misses true north and south, but exactly true north and true south. That, again, is not something they did casually. They knew what they were doing. It's a little bit more than that, though. The northern set of concentric circles above the widest point. The widest point represents the earth's equator. This northern set, its puca, is 20 degrees north of the line of the equator on that stone. We, Oahu, are 21 degrees north. I don't think that was an error. No, and somehow there's also a way of locating on the island places through the stones? Well, yes, astronomically through the stones, because landscape markers, places on the landscape where the stars rise or set, are named for the stars. They're named for all of the stars that the months are named for, but they're also named for dube of the big dipper and for the southern cross, and for some other stars that are not as well known as the calendar stars. Knowing where those stars are tells you where the landscape marker is. Knowing where the landscape marker is tells you its relationship to Kukani local. Explain how you came to see it as a way of recording knowledge. Because the landscape is named for the rise and set of stars and is named that way in such specificity that you know which star they're speaking of, and because the stars each have many names and those names all mean something, that information together is a library, or at least an encyclopedia. It tells us of the star's functions within the culture. It tells us... Can you give us an example? Yeah, sure. Aldebaran Haumea and Antares Lehua, who both have many other names, are two of the main stars involved in the structure and space of space and time. They do this by building a house, a celestial house. Antares is the pillar in front. Aldebaran is the pillar in back. They're equally important because even if he's the pillar in front, a single pillar isn't very good at holding up a roof beam. So it takes the pillar in back to partner to hold up the roof beam. So they structure time and space through these relationships that they have. One of the names for Antares actually says that. One of his names is Ikua, the lord of space and time. And in your book of star names, well, it's the catalog of them. It's not really star names. Can you tell us about how that came and... Yes, I knew that Hoi and stars had many names. The Pleiades aren't just Makali'i. They have other names. We tend to have learned only one name for those few stars we know. Is that because in different places in Hoi had different names for the same stars? That may play into it, I don't know, but it certainly is the case that star names referred to their functions. So if your function was fishing, calling a star called Pi, shrimp catching season, meant one thing. But if you were a navigator and it was Hoku Kelewa'a, the navigation star, and then there's much more esoteric material going on at the same time. So that the knowledge of the function of that star might be specific to one's profession, right? Talk a little bit about who would know what and how that relates to Kukani loko. Not just about everybody would know moon, the nights of the moon. They would know the months, the seasons, and the season breaks, which are very close to when the Pleiades rise, very associated with the Pleiades. They may know Venus because it's so bright. They may know other things. Other more specific profession related things were not necessarily restricted, but at the higher levels of knowledge restricted to the profession. And the greatly esoteric knowledge would have been restricted to the priestly astrologers, sky experts, the other sorts of grand intellects that would have managed this kind of knowledge. So at Kukani loko, was there a hail associated with it? Or is it absolutely kind of its own? I'm not sure hail is the word that fits what was going on there. No, it doesn't seem to be. But temple, maybe. There was certainly, beyond the birth, addition to the birth things like Kukani loko was a pu'uhonua. And as a pu'uhonua, that means that not everybody who was in the vicinity was royal. Because not everybody who needed to go to a pu'uhonua and could go or got there was royal. So there probably was some sharing of, even if it was inadvertent, knowledge. But also Kukani loko seems to have functioned as a college, as a university. The way the site is laid out and the way the stones are set up for multiple purposes, the pico stone for locating Kukani loko, for locating the stars in relation to Kukani loko, for measuring in 10-day segments the passage of the sun throughout the year and on and on. This seems to have been educational. Wow, okay. So in our last two minutes, thank you, by the way, for giving us a broad stroke. Look at, and I think anybody watching will understand that there are infinite layers of meaning to everything, and I am profoundly grateful for you for simplifying it to a point where it's, there is something to be taken from this and yet appreciating that there is, you're very much just skimming the surface. So you mentioned about your book, that if people are interested there might be some way to find it. Yes, if you want to own a hard copy, you can get it at amazon.com or at native books, but I put it on academia.edu as a PDF-free download. So I'm not doing it for money. There's nothing bad about that, but thank you for making it so widely available. That's really a great service. I so want people to be excited by this kind of work and to engage in it themselves. So in our last minute, what do you think for you is the most important thing moving forward in your relationship with this work? Sharing it, giving it away, showing people how to do it. How does one do it? The doing of it is, the physical doing of it, the data gathering is very easy. It takes a few tools, your cell phone can help you. Interpreting the data is a little more taxing, but it's also where the ecstasy, the realization, the recognition, the understanding of what an immense kind of knowledge reservoir was here is. So to those people on TripAdvisor who said, uh, not much there. I'm going to post a link to this show. Yes. Thank you, Martha. Thank you. Aloha.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we shall learn the meaning of compound events and formula for finding probability of compound events that is independent and dependent events. Suppose we have one coin, if I flip the coin then what is the probability that head comes? Here I have one event of getting a head and when we have one event we call it simple event and probability of getting a head is given by favorable outcomes upon fatal outcomes.  So the number of favorable outcomes of getting a head will be equal to 1 and total outcomes are given by 2. So we get the probability of getting a head as 1 upon 2, now suppose if I flip two coins then what is the probability of getting a head on one coin and a tail on the second? Here we have two events. Event A is equal to getting a head and event B is equal to getting a tail. So I have to find the probability P of getting a head on one coin and tail on the other coin. Such type of events are called compound events. Thus compound event is made up of two or more simple events. Some examples of compound events are getting a 3 or 4 in rolling of a dice. Getting a queen or a heart when a card is selected from a deck of 52 cards, getting two heads when a coin is tossed twice. Compound events are of various types such as independent events, dependent events, mutually exclusive events, mutually not exclusive events. Here we study independent events and dependent events. Two events are independent events. The occurrence of one event does not affect the likelihood that the other event will occur. Like in above example tossing of two coins is independent. The coming of head on one coin does not affect coming of tail on the other coin. So we say both events are independent of each other. If we toss two coins simultaneously we could get the following combinations that is head-head, tail-tail, tail-head, head-tail. So we have four outcomes and two are in favor of head on one coin and tail on the other coin. So probability of getting a head on one coin on the other coin is equal to favorable outcomes that is two and total outcomes given by four. So we have the probability as 1 by 2. We have a direct formula for finding the probability of independent events. That is if a and b two independent events then probability of a and b is given by probability of a into probability of b which can also be written as probability of a and b is equal to probability of a into probability of b here dot represents multiplication. Now using this formula we can find the probability of above example we have event a getting a head on first coin and event b is equal to getting a tail on second coin then probability of event a and event b is equal to probability of event a into probability of event b. Now probability of event a that is getting a head is equal to 1 by 2 and similarly probability of event b that is getting a tail is also equal to 1 by 2. Therefore probability of event a and event b is equal to probability of event a that is 1 by 2 into probability of event b that is 1 by 2 which is equal to 1 by 4. Now here there can also be cases when we get a tail on the first coin and a head on the second coin. So here let event b be given by getting a head on second coin and event b is given by getting a tail on first coin. So probability of event c and event d is given by probability of event c into probability of event d and probability of event c that is probability of getting a head is given by 1 upon 2 and similarly probability of event d that is probability of getting a tail is also equal to 1 by 2. Therefore we have probability of event c and event d is equal to probability of event c that is 1 by 2 into probability of event d that is 1 by 2. So we get this probability as 1 upon 4 and therefore total probability will be given by probability of event a and event b plus probability of event c and event d which is equal to 1 upon 4 plus 1 upon 4 that is 1 by 2. Now we are going to discuss dependent events. Two events are dependent events if the occurrence of one event does affect the likelihood that the other event will occur. Suppose I have 5 balls that is 3 red and 2 blue I randomly pick 1 ball and keep it aside. Now again I drop another ball. Now what is the probability that I choose red in first drop and blue in second. Now here we have two events. Event a that is drawing a red ball in first drop.  Now see that after drawing first ball I do not replace the drawn ball rather I kept it aside. I drew second ball without replacement which means when I drew second ball the total number of balls are reduced to 4 so first event affects the second event. So these two events are dependent events. Now probability of event a that is drawing a red ball in first drop is given by favorable outcomes by total outcomes. And here I have three red balls and I can draw any of the red balls so the number of favorable outcomes is equal to 3 and the total outcomes is given by 5. Now probability of event b after a will again be equal to favorable outcomes by total outcomes and for event b the total number of outcomes are reduced to 4. So we have total outcomes as 4 and the number of favorable outcomes will be equal to 2 as I have two blue balls and I can draw any of them. So probability of event a and event b is given by 3 upon 5 into 2 upon 4 which is equal to 3 by 10. We have a direct formula for finding probability of dependent events. If we have two events a and b which are dependent events then the probability of both events occurring is given by the product of probability of a and probability of b after a occurs to the above example probability of a was given by 3 by 5 and probability of b after a occurs was 2 by 4 that is probability of a is 3 by 5 and probability of b following a is 2 by 5 so probability of event a and b is equal to probability of event a that is 3 by 5 into probability of b following a that is 2 by 4 is equal to 3 by 10 which is the required answer. This completes our session hope you enjoyed this session.


What's up everyone? Take down here. Welcome back to another video. Today I'm going to be sharing with you how to get more system storage space on your PS4. Let's get right into this. So as you guys know, I am a heavy gamer and it has happened to me a few times where the system storage on my PS4 has become full. Luckily, I don't have this issue anymore. So I wanted to make this video to share with you a few things to help you get more system storage. Now, the first thing that I'd recommend to do is, in my opinion, the most common sense thing. But a lot of people just don't seem to think about it or do it. And that is to clean out your system storage. To go into your system storage, you're going to want to go to settings, click storage, and then click system storage. Now, once you're in here, you're going to want to start with applications and delete any games that you no longer play. For me, there was quite a few games that I honestly have not touched in three or four years. So I went ahead and deleted them because I know myself, I'm likely not going to play those games anytime soon. And I also went and deleted any of the games that I recently beats and Platinum's because I know I'm likely not going to play those games either.  If it is a game that you purchased from the PlayStation Store and got it digitally, all you have to do is go to your library, go down to purchased, find the game and re download. Now, if it is a game that you have the physical disk for and you want to replay it, as long as you still have that disk, all you have to do is put the disk back in your PS4, and it will start re downloading the game.  The next thing you're going to want to do is go and delete any video clips and screenshots that you no longer need that are in your gallery. For me, as you guys know, I am a YouTuber and I play a lot of games and share a lot of gaming content on my channel as well, that I do record quite a bit of gameplay. So any videos that I've done, I have a lot of videos saved. And normally I have anywhere from 20 to 50 gigabytes of everything that is video clips and video related on my PS4. So every once in a while, just to save space, I will go and delete everything that I've already used or the clips that I don't think I'm actually going to use for videos. Now, the next thing is only going to save a little bit of space. But at the end of the day, it will help save space on your system storage. And that is to transfer save data from the system to the cloud and then deleting it off of your system. For this, all you're going to want to do is go to application saved data manager, click saved data in system storage, upload to online storage. And then you're going to want to choose the games you want to upload. Now, if you have your account set as your primary on your PS4, it should do this automatically. But for me, since I game share with my best friends, I have to do this manually anyways, just in case there's any problems with my PS4, not that there ever is going to be because I take really good care of it. But if there was, I have everything backed up onto the cloud. So it does help.  But at the end of the day, a little bit of space still helps. And the last thing that I would recommend, and this is what I did, which is why I do not have an issue anymore. And a lot of times I don't even think about doing everything else on this list, just because I don't really need to anymore, until it gets full. And that is by an external hard drive, I know a lot of people don't want to do this. So if you don't want to spend money, try the other methods that I mentioned, you will save a lot of space by doing that. But if you want to get a lot more space, just purchase an external hard drive. For me, I have a three terabyte WD my book, and I absolutely love it. So for me, my PS4 has one terabyte in it. And I have a three terabyte external hard drive. So in total right now, I have four terabytes of space. So for me, I don't have to go and delete games to purchase and download new games, I have a ton of space. And the benefits of an external hard drive, as opposed to an internal one is an internal hard drive, you have to open up your PS4, put a new hard drive in to get more space for an external hard drive, all you have to do is set it up next to your PS4 or any console, plug the power cord into an outlet, plug the USB cable into your PS4, and you are done. You don't have to do anything else with your PS4 other than go into the settings and have it so it recognizes this external hard drive. And you can also set it as your default save spot, meaning if you go and purchase a new game, instead of it downloading to your system, then having to transfer it from your system to the external hard drive, you can have it automatically download to the external hard drive, which is what I do. Now when I purchased my three terabyte external hard drive, it cost me about $150. If I remember correctly, of course, there is four terabyte, five terabyte and likely even bigger ones now ones with more capacity. But my understanding is right now, the external hard drives are going down in price. So that is a benefit if you want to go that routes. And the best thing for an external hard drive as opposed to internal one, you don't have to just use it for one console or one device, you can move it around and use it for any device that you want. All you have to do is unplug the USB cable from your PS4 and plug it into a different console, a desktop, a laptop or anything with a ports, and it'll automatically be used in external hard drive is basically just a really large storage bank. For example, like a really large flash drive, you can use it for any device and save things onto it. So whenever I purchase the PS5 later this year, what I'm going to be doing is just plugging in my external hard drive into it and saving the games on it. If I want to go back to the PS4 and play games, all I have to do is unplug it from the PS5 plug it into the PS4 and use it then as well. So I hope this has helped you find more ways to get more system storage on your PS4. I know I use these methods quite a bit. But now that I have an external hard drive, I don't need to constantly go and delete games. But my external hard drive did end up getting full earlier this year, because I had games from the past three or four years still downloaded on it. So I decided to go and clean them all out. So I hope you guys enjoyed this video. I'm going to leave this here. Please take care. Peace.


Simple sentences can be divided into two parts, a subject and a predicate. The former states what the sentence is about, the latter what is asserted or said about the subject. In terms of causal elements, the predicate may consist of a verb and different combinations of objects, compliments and adverbials. In Julie buys her vegetables at the market, Julie is the subject, buys her vegetables at the market, the predicate, and buys the verb, her vegetables, the object, at the market and adverbial. In logic, the term predicate is used to describe the logical relations within a sentence. The proposition P, Bruce is a moose, states something about an individual, in this case the individual Bruce, that has the property of being a moose. The sentence predicates something, in this case a property, of an individual. Although the predicate is not a separate structural unit in English grammar, it takes some significant properties. It is the part of a clause typically affected by clause negation, or it may be omitted through ellipses. In German schools, pupils are taught that the term predicate refers to the verb of a sentence only. Later, they learn that it actually refers to the statement made in a sentence. In general terms, the predicate can be identified as any parts of phrases in a sentence besides the subject noun phrase.