Welcome to Sheboygan County government working for you. My name is Adam Payne, County Administrator and co-host of this program with Chairman Tom Wagner. And as you know, every month we strive to focus on a different department, some different roles and responsibilities of county government. And today we have a new face in front of us, Matt Grenoble, our new airport superintendent, airport manager. He goes by a number of good titles. Matt, welcome. Thank you. I think Matt started, has it been two, three months? How long has it been? Five months. Five months, how time flies. And I know Matt is really in the thick of things out at the airport. We were just meeting with Greg Schnell, our transportation director before this program. And Greg was sharing how busy Matt is. And again, a lot of good things happening, including preparations for the Ryder Cup and looking to improve upon the airport. So Matt, let's start with just sharing a little bit about yourself. Give our viewers a little flavor for who Matt Grenoble is. Yeah, so I was born and raised in Virginia, a little bit far from home, but I've kind of been bouncing around all over the country. My initial career path was to be a commercial pilot. I worked my way up through the rankings, got all my licenses and ratings to pursue that career. Got an undergraduate degree at Raffer University in Virginia. And after college, got a job working for a company in Florida. I was flying, worked my way up to be a co-pilot in the Learjet. I started doing that for a little bit and realized that while I still love aviation, I did not enjoy the career aspect of being a pilot. It is a fantastic career, but it just wasn't for me. So I decided to go back to school, get a master's degree in aviation safety and aviation management and started down the path of airport management with the ultimate goal of being an airport manager. So that led me out west to an internship in Utah and working in a Washington state at a couple of different airports. And then met my wife, got married out there and she's from Chicago. We wanted to move back closer to family before settling down and having kids. So we've got jobs out here in the area, the Milwaukee area. She works at University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. And I was working at Waukesha County Airport for the last six years until October of last year. So Virginia, Chicago, we're bringing good people to Sheboygan County. Definitely. And I know I first heard of you in your track record because of Waukesha County and the excellent job they do running the airport there. And so we were so tickled to see you join us here in Sheboygan County. I can't believe it's been five months already. It's been a whirlwind. What's been your first impression of the Sheboygan County Memorial Airport and how would you describe it to folks? First impression is, I've known about the airport, I've visited the airport before, I got the job. So I always saw it as a great little airport but would potentially love to manage one day. And so it has a lot going on already and it has a tremendous, a lot of potential for future growth and I have a fantastic team, fantastic leadership with the county. So it's been really a great fit for me. And I get a kick out how you describe that. A great little airport that's in the grand scheme of things across the country. It is a rather small airport, but we know it's pretty busy, pretty active. Just what is the size and scope of the Sheboygan County Memorial Airport? Yeah, in actual, we are considered a large general aviation airport. So that means we do not have any commercial services. It's all private aircraft that come and go. It has a public use airport, it's open 24-7. As far as size-wise, we have about 760 acres. We have two runways, one being 6,800 feet long. And the secondary runaway is 5,000 feet long. Have about 80 tenants on the field. And we do about 40,000 operations a year as a take-offs and landings. Years ago, it used to be a standalone department and just like many areas throughout Sheboygan County, we consolidated it as part of the transportation department. Obviously, you're a division of the transportation department and a very important one. Yet, as you said, strong staff, good staff, but a small division. Give our viewers a flavor for the scope. How many staff do you have? What's your annual operating budget? So we have three full-time staff, including myself, and we have one part-time member. Our budget is about $460,000 a year and we're taking about $200,000 in tax levy. And you may have reviewed a report more recently than I, but if memory serves, hasn't the state periodically done assessments or cost-benefit reviews? And it's like for every dollar we put in, we get about 25 or 27 back to the local economy or something along those lines. It sounds about right. The number that I saw was $26 million economic impact or output to the community. So it's really significant. We support over 80 jobs just at the airport alone. So we have tax levy from our taxes that are generated by our tenants. So we have a tremendous impact on the local community. And of that $407,000 budget, I think about $250 property tax levy. So it's just a tremendous value for our community. I mean, the economic impact obviously is huge and it's supporting some really successful companies. Correct. So obviously you and your staff don't do everything out there. We have a fixed-based operator. Describe the role of a fixed-based operator. So a fixed-based operator, you think of them like a full-service gas station for private aircraft. They provide everything from aircraft fuel. That's their big thing that they sell and provide. But they also provide services such as rental cars, catering, they can coordinate catering service for aircraft that come and go. They can provide overnight storage for aircraft either tie-downs or in their heated hangers. So they really handle, they're kind of the face of the airport when someone comes and goes if they're not based at the airport. They typically go straight to the fixed-based operator for services. So they are a key partner with the airport and providing those services. So they're providing direct services to folks who are flying in and out and the tenants there. And what would you say are the predominant responsibilities of you and your staff? Our responsibilities are to ensure that the airport is safe, modern, and efficient for our air travelers and our customers and our tenants. So safety is key, obviously, in ensuring that the airport is safe with our runways and taxways are always safe and well-maintained. Yeah, ranges from snow removal to repairing fences to wildlife abatement. Exactly, you name it. We have to wear a lot of different hats, all of us at the airport, especially with such a small staff. It's not unlikely to see me out there in my ready clothes helping the guys out or something if I need be. So we definitely have our hands full. It's a good team and a 24-7 operation. Just how busy is the airport? About how many flights are coming and going on a daily or weekly basis? The average daily is around 200 takeoffs and landings a day. In the wintertime, that's obviously less. In the summertime, it's more. So, but the average is about 200 per day and it comes out to around 40,000, between 40 and 50,000 takeoffs and landings a year. And that's quite a number, right? I've often thought that our airport, some people I don't think have ever been out there and certainly a lot of people I think don't fully appreciate just how busy that little airport is, right? I mean, a lot going on out there. Wonderful. What are you finding with wildlife abatement right now with deer or turkeys, geese? I know from time to time, you have to take care of some problems out there. Yeah, exactly. We have a fence that surrounds the whole airport that really helps keep the deer out. But sometimes they do make their way in one way or another if it's a gate that's left open or something. But the birds, obviously it's hard to control, stop them from coming. We have employee, a various number of tactics, habitat modification to try to eliminate the water sources for the waterfowl, especially the geese and the ducks. But also a few years ago, the airport acquired a system of remote bird cannons is what they call them. It's propane-powered, you know, gun that sounds, all it does is it make a sound. It sounds like a gun going off. And it's a really fancy system. It works really well. There's a flock of geese on the runway. Even the FBO has the ability to press the button and fire off these bird cannons and it scares the birds away. It's been a fantastic tool. But then also the staff members have pyrotechnics they can shoot at the wildlife to scare them off. Obviously our first goal is to scare them off peacefully, essentially. Right, right. Yeah, well you and your team do an excellent job, I think over the last 20 years it's been far and few between, but I know every now and then a deer needs to be taken out or you have to do something to make sure we protect the airplanes and most importantly the people in them. So final question before I turn it over to Chairman Wagner, give our viewers a flavor for the type of tenants that we have out there, you know? Who's utilizing the airport and what's the breadth of that utilization? Yeah, so the heart and soul of the airport is really our small general aviation community. You know, we have about 40 private hangers that house smaller, you know, piston propeller driven aircraft. And, you know, there's a lot of flight training at the airport as well. We have a great flying club, a plug and flying club that provides flight training for new pilots. But we also have several industry or commercial, or corporation, corporate tenants at the airport as well. And then we have two commercial operators the FBO, a fixed based operator, and as well as a aircraft maintenance shop or the aviation. Yeah. And if you're not familiar with where the Sheboygan County Airport is, it's right off of TT, right? Highway 23 in TT and it's worth taking a look. It doesn't take long to drive through, but I think if you've never been out there, you're gonna be impressed. Yeah, thank you, Matt. Nice overview. Tom. Thank you, Adam. Welcome, Matt. Thank you. Besides being responsible for the upkeep and maintenance, you're also involved in some capital improvements out there. Where are you at with that? So some of the capital improvements we've been having the last few years, we had the previous last capital projects included a rehabilitation of our taxiways, or one of the taxiways, taxiway Bravo, as well as a rehabilitation of our main terminal ramp, which was completed last year. Some of the pavement was reaching the end of its useful life. And so that was rehabilitated. Obviously we wanted to get that done before the Ryder Cup, so we expect a heavy load of traffic. So those are the last two projects we have this year. We have starting a plan for connecting one of our taxiways. Again, Taxway Bravo that currently partially parallels one of our runways. And right now the plan is to actually connect those two. So it's a full parallel taxiway. So we're gonna start planning that project this year and then start construction next year on that. We're also gonna be acquiring a new piece of snow removal equipment this year. We have a current tractor that's reached the end of its useful life. And so we're looking to get another multi-use tractor that can be used during the winter time for snow or blowing the snow. And also Brooming has a big Broom on the front that I'll be able to utilize, but also using it in the summertime for mowing. Because you can't use salt or other type of snow or move out there, right? Because when I fly commercially and I'm out in Mitchell or someplace like that, you never see anything like that. They're always just having the snowblower or whatever. I assume that would be, go ahead. Yeah, and I'm sorry, we cannot use salt, unfortunately, it is inexpensive and effective, however it is very corrosive. There are chemicals that are out there to use. And that's what we do use a liquid de-ice chemical. We'll use it sparingly because of the expense on it. But if we need to use it, if it's really icy, it is very effective. So we do utilize that, but typically we use to plow the snow broom and the snowblowers to clear the runways and all the surfaces. Yeah, okay, thank you. You talked about some of the recent improvements in that and who has some of the oversight over? Who do you report to, you report to Adam, obviously, but who else do you engage with as far as that? Yeah, so we have an airport advisory committee that's made up primarily of airport tenants, but also local community leaders. And what we meet and discuss, we'll talk about any future projects or current projects or any issues going on and update the committee on that. And then it gives them a great opportunity to give us the feedback on any of the issues or concerns they may have. When it comes to planning any projects, we really rely heavily on the committee and our community as a whole to give us the feedback for it to help us with planning this. And since we're all in this together, we wanna make sure that we see address everyone's needs. So that committee is really highly valuable for us. And then we also report to the transportation committee and they're responsible for setting the airport policy. They also approve our leases, provide recommendations on their airport leases, approve the budget every year. Any ordinances that we may have to put forward. Right. Yeah, this will be your first year in the budget then. Already starting, we kinda do budget year-round now, I think almost, you know, everybody's thinking ahead. So you talked about some of the more recent improvements completed at the airport. What do you think in the next five years that you're gonna be looking at if you could share some of that? Yeah, and one of the big, large improvements that didn't touch base yet on is the big ones, the customs project that's going on right now. But then also after the taxiway connection of Taxway Bravo and the equipment acquisition, you know, I've been told that we don't have any major projects in the work. So that's gonna be a big part of my job now is to start planning that next five to 10 years out. You already have some projects in mind that, you know, we have some drainage issues on the airfield that very well could turn into a large capital project and to, again, modify that habitat to avoid, to mitigate the wildlife coming in. So I'm walking in a little bit with a blank slate, you know, in a sense, once we get these next couple projects out of the way, which is really exciting for me. Sure. Could you talk a little bit about the customs in the Welcome Center? Yeah. Because that's a big project for Sherbrooke County. Yeah, so the customs and general aviation terminal facility, it's gonna be joint facilities. So one half of the building will be for U.S. Customs to aircraft flying in from overseas can fly directly into the airport and clear customs there, here. And then the other half of the building will be for airport administration, and then there'll be a part that's a general, you know, basically used for general aviation traffic that may need just to come in. If they don't require any services from an FBO, they don't need any fuel, they can come into that facility, use the restroom, do some flight planning, and go on that way. It began construction in December. I was looking to open, be wrapping up in June and hoping to open by August 1st, and then obviously be in full operations by the Ryder Cup. Right. And the Kohler Company is, of course, supporting the county, and especially in the customs area with some financial support over the years, which makes a difference. And correct me if I'm wrong, because I've talked to some people on this. There isn't gonna be customs out there. There aren't gonna be staff 24-7 out there waiting for the planes to come in, right? Correct. It'll be, they'll have set hours. We haven't fully set those hours yet, but there will be basically 40 hours a week, Monday through Friday. But they will be available to come out on the weekends if somebody calls ahead of time and sets it on. Yeah, kinda on call, right? Correct. Yeah, good. So you talked a little bit about the economic benefits of the airport, 26, 27 million dollars. Can you, do you have any specific relative to that? Obviously it generates a lot of money, the income, the taxes that the people work there all generate, anything else you wanna share with that? Yeah, I mean, the fuel sales generate revenue from our base tenants, but also that the aircraft, the transit aircraft that come in, they come in and usually fuel up, generate and revenue. The, we have the leases, the ground, the anyone that builds a hangar at our airport, they lease the land from us, and they build the hangar with their own funding. So we get that lease revenue on an annual basis. But also the, we're a great spot for training the next generation of pilots. We have a terrible pilot shortage in the industry, and so having a place for light train is really important. And also medical flights, we get medical flights and medical emergency flights, timely flies in, law enforcement flights. So the airport can, has a huge benefit to the community. Yeah, thank you. I think one of the things you said that I think will stand out to people who aren't that familiar with the airport is 200 landings and take offs a day. I think that's a shocking number to a lot of people that is that busy, right? I mean, that tells you something. So thanks, Matt. Thank you, Tom. As our viewers get a flavor for all the things that happen at the airport, you know what I found remarkable over the years is just all the growth, all the infrastructure, all the investment. And it's been one of the better collaborative opportunities we've had because generally speaking, for every $10 we put in, we get 90 or thereabouts from the state. I mean, it's really been a good relationship to touch on that a little bit. How does that work? Yeah, some projects are eligible for federal funding, depending on the size, scope, location of the project. The FAA for these larger capital projects will chip in 90% of the project, and then the state will chip in an extra 5%, leaving only 5% for the county to pick up, which is an amazing deal. Amazing. So if it's not funded by the, if it's not a federally eligible project, it could be eligible through the state as well. You know, we could get a 50-50 split with the state or an 80%, 20% split, or some projects are even funded 100% by the state. They've been fantastic partners, so we've been really lucky to have a great state Bureau of Aeronautics as well as the federal aviation administration's offices nearby, so. And the Bureau of Aeronautics is part of the state Department of Transportation, who not only is helping us make good things happen at the airport, but is now expanding Highway 23, and the county board invested the 1.5% sales tax into our transportation system so we can more fiscally, responsibly maintain our transportation system, sustainable revenue source. I mean, when we talk about the area of transportation in Sheboygan County of our 19 departments, right now I would have to say this is one of our strongest areas of sustainability because of the good relationships we have with the state, as well as the fact that the board's really made an investment to make sure we're taking care of our transportation system. It's wonderful. It's wonderful. I think you're gonna bring tremendous vision and new energy to our airport, continue to improve upon it, and back to the customs facility. I mean, there again is another example. Tom and I both heard some people in the community say, well, how much is the county spending on that? And here the state is picking up half the cost. Coal or company is picking up the operational costs of the U.S. Custom Facility with user fees and time to cover that. And staff like you are getting finally a really nice area to report to because of course your office and where your staff are currently in, that's a pretty tired space. Yeah, it is. Yeah, so nice work with that. Thank you. We just came from a meeting talking about the rider and little do people know in this community all the behind the scenes planning that goes into the rider cup coming up here in September. You talked about the customs facility needing to be up and running by the rider cup. You seem to hear that a lot. Share with our viewers some of the initiatives, some of the planning that you're part of to prepare for the rider cup. Yeah, there's a lot of moving pieces. We've been working with a lot of different entities as are everyone else as part of this whole event. We've been working very closely with the Bureau of Aeronautics as well as the FAA. Obviously we're gonna have a very large increase in traffic that week. And normally we're not a controlled airport. We do not have a controlled tower. However, that week we expect to have so much traffic we are getting a temporary control tower into the airport. And it's the same thing happened through the previous PGA events. And so it's nice we have a good template already for how that operates and parking plans and such. So it's just working with those two entities as well as our local partners or the FBO. It's really important that we work closely with them on parking plans. And so now we have this new piece of the puzzle that the customs facility. So it's a lot going on, but that everyone has been ready and willing to jump in and help out where needed. It's been a really good planning process so far.  Yes, yeah, that's the plan. You'll see quite a bit of helicopter traffic. It'll be people can fly into the airport to Sheboygan and then take a helicopter directly from the airport to the golf course. So we're working out the logistics with them shortly. And to your point earlier, we do get some revenue from fuel sales. Obviously that helps immensely the main provider, the FBO, but we get some revenue as well. And the more revenue we get from fuel sales or for tenants leases, the less pressure we put on the property taxpayer, which is a good thing. Exactly, yeah. I know I can speak if you don't mind for the county board. What we like is especially those 90% federal support, 10% or 95 counting the state in their 5% level. Those are a wonderful relationship. We just love to expand it to other areas, but we understand that's what works. Yeah, exactly. It is definitely a really great thing we have with them. You also touched on earlier the security at the airport. And of course that's an area over the last decade that has gotten so much attention, whether it's the airport, whether it's the security enhancements we recently put in our courthouse. Please touch on what are some of the security, what kind of security is at the airport now and where do you see that being further enhanced in the future? We have a perimeter fence, like I said earlier on that surrounds the whole airport. And most of that perimeter fence has barbed wire at the top as well. And we have vehicle gates, all of our access gates are locked, most of them are locked with padlock. But then we have quite a few that are also automated gates that you would need a key fob or a card to gain access through. We maintain that system. So if anyone tenants or employees, anyone needs access, they come to us to get that key fob and we enter them to a system and get that to them. We also have cameras that are stationed at the gates and other various parts of the airport. And part of the customs project is to upgrade that camera system. Some of those cameras are aging and in need of replacement. So that's another big part of the project is upgrading that system. And finally, in the last few minutes we have, and this may be the one event that people do recognize when it comes to our Memorial Airport, that's the Wings and Wheels event. And I know Matt, this is a little unfair for you because you haven't been here for that yet, but certainly you'll be a part of that planning coming this summer. What can you share about Wings and Wheels and that upcoming activity and what is it all about? Yeah, Wings and Wheels is a fantastic event held every year. It's put on by the local chapter of the EAA. It is a free event. It's on Father's Day every single year. It features at least 70, I think over 70 vintage cars as well as over 30 vintage aircraft. There's a pancake breakfast in the morning and from what I understand, they also have model trains and also helicopter rides. So it's an absolutely fantastic family event. I definitely plan to bring my whole family out to attend and really looking forward to it and I look forward to working with the EAA chapter on planning and so. I've been to some events out there and it was amazing how many people from the community come out for that event. It's really well done. The Aviation Heritage Center, I think also supports that. Correct. They have a nice building there. What have you learned about the Aviation Heritage Center and how does that further add to the value of our airport? Yeah, they're a great organization. We've been working very closely with them, obviously with the customs building going up right next to them. We have some good impacts to them but we've been working hand in hand with them on the project as well as any other events going on at the airport. So they've been great partners. We get people that fly in just to come to the Heritage Center. So it is an absolutely great resource at the airport. And not every airport has something like this. It's really a gem. I like the history component that it shares, the background there, as well as I think they rent out their facility for special events. Yes, they do, yeah. So if you're looking for a venue or a public meeting or even a family reunion or a wedding. Yeah, they have certain limitations on how many people they can hold out there but it's a nice venue. Exactly, yeah. Well, Matt, thank you so much for your time. You covered a lot of ground in 30 minutes. If you have any questions for Matt or anything on our transportation system, certainly don't hesitate to stop out at the airport. Don't hesitate to contact your county board supervisor or Chairman Tom Wagner or myself. I was glad to talk about transportation issues or areas where we can improve. Matt, we're glad to have you aboard. Thank you, I'm glad to be aboard. Yeah, it's just a pleasure to get to know you better and I can't believe how the time's flying. So thanks again. Next month, we're gonna turn the chairs a little bit here and the gentleman to my left, your right, is going to be in the hot seat. Chairman Tom Wagner is gonna be completing his fourth year as our county board chair and by county board rule ordinance, you can only serve two consecutive terms. So Tom's gonna be moving on as county board chair. We're glad he's gonna continue with the county board as a whole but we're gonna talk a little bit about the last four years and the really good initiatives, improvements that happened during Chairman Wagner's term. So I hope you'll join us. Until then, stay warm, stay set safe and we'll see you in a month.


Hi, my name is Glenn Muskie and I work with NDSU for the Extension Service and I want to Talk with you today briefly about small business charitable donations Or as it says getting more from your $20. I recently had a chance to do this presentation for the national rural telecommunication Organizations and thought that you might be interested in hearing some of the highlights Donations can be a marvelous thing. They can be very beneficial to your organization or They can be something else So you can be focused on them with trying to get something that is a win-win for you and your community and for the Organization or it can feel simply like a big sinkhole Or you're pouring a lot of money into it and you're not getting much out of What happens with the donations is you as a small business owner are obviously a key contributor to the economic development of your community However through your donations You're also a contributor to many other aspects of that community. You give leadership You give organizational support You support events you let your employees go out perhaps to be part of the organ is part of the efforts and stuff And those are all key to making a Dynamic community we measure this thing called Corporate social responsibility in four different ways and that's your business commitment your personal leadership Collective action and business support and while some of those have as you can see Financial support really there are many ways that your business Two communities and what does it bring to you? It brings you recognition goodwill And those are two of the big ones, but it also attracts you to helps you attract new customers retain customers And turn those customers into ambassadors as they see your Work and influence and impact on communities and hopefully overall It's giving you a feeling of success and it's giving the community a feeling of success about your business During the presentation I outlined seven steps, but we're only gonna look at three of them here as to the most important aspects of this charitable donation Aspect that you're undertaking One probably a key one is develop your focus get no one for a few key causes Look at where your business and the community efforts tie together Or if you don't find the natural one just go out and create one Perhaps it's with schools Boy Scouts senior citizens Parks and recreation whatever the case may be look for that key focus and try to get the most out of it Also think change Don't just do the same old thing every year What what can you do through your donations that will move your community forward that will change? Life for a group of people in the community that will bring your community New opportunities and new challenges get no one for something here It goes back part of the focus and stuff and so what I what we're talking by this as you continue to go back to these efforts over and over and over again and Lastly make sure to market Most often what I see small businesses doing is they market the idea that they gave an award if they even do that Instead as you develop your focus be thinking about marketing the pre-award stage the award the post-award During the events in between events and with social media There are so many opportunities to get your story or to get the story out in front of somebody else and remember it's that bottom line there the key Story is not about your business here It's about the effort that you're undertaking That your business is part and parcel of and trying to make a difference in your community And so you want to focus on not your business But the story that you're trying to tell here and help the small business help the The entity that you're working for tell their story quite often They don't have anybody in that marketing position and so you can step up right there and be part of Helping Make a bigger change just by the effort you're with them The goal remember is not the awards the goal is Change community effort better community stronger communities Whatever the case may be that's what we're working for your efforts make a stronger community Make it a better place to live and an enhanced quality of life with that. I just want to say Do something good every day If you want to set of the complete slides Here's where you go to get those and also if you want to hear more about this and other topics about small businesses and Helping you move forward build your business You can find them on my web page and also you can follow my Twitter's or my Facebook posts I try to do those on a regular basis and help to move you forward Thanks a lot for tuning in and we'll come back another time Thank you


Welcome back to the course on statistical mechanics. We shall continue with our study of computer simulations as a primary method to implement the principles of statistical mechanics. In the first part, part one, which was in the last lecture, we discussed not just the importance of computer simulation with statistical mechanics, but the basic principles, how these allow us to discuss highly complicated systems, including biological systems like proteins and DNA and other techniques. And we mentioned there that there are statistical mechanics has two major techniques, molecular dynamics simulation. Other is Monte Carlo. They are entirely different approaches and tied to our two postulates of statistical mechanics. One invokes the time averaging. That's the molecular dynamics simulation. The other invokes the ensemble averaging, which is the Monte Carlo equations. In this sense, they are very nicely tied together. And again, the same thing, the issue of organic hypothesis also comes here because sampling of both the two will very much depend. We determine the outcome and the accuracy of the result. So in this class, today's class, we'll continue with that. I mentioned in the part one, last lecture, that it is a vast course. There are many books, many, many books on computer simulations. And there is also a large number of lectures in the interview. I strongly recommend students. That you read some of the books on the lectures. In our book, we have devoted chapter 29 on basics of computer simulation. And chapter 30 is more advanced topics of computer simulation. And we have done it somewhat differently from other people. But it's really tied very well with the course. I'll explain to you. I already explained how we use Ising Model to explain the necessity and the implementation of periodic boundary condition. And we use Ising Model also, the method or technique of minimum image that we use to count the interactions and minimize the load on the computer. Today, we now do again this same classification, molecular dynamics, and Monte Carlo. But today, we'll go detail now into the methods. Now, as I told you, with the time averaging, we have to generate temporal trajectory. The way we generate temporal trajectory is by solving Newton's equation in classical mechanics. And the Newton's solution, equation force and mass time acceleration. So the method is just solving, numerically, propagating a second order differential equation. You go to each particle, find this position, velocities, its orientation, if it is like water. Then you find the force and torque on the molecule. And then, from time t to next time, t plus delta t, we use propagating it by integrating. This is called the method of quadrature, which is solved numerically. And there are over the hundreds of years, many techniques have been developed. And all of them came handy in solving because it's very important that we propagate the equation for a very long time. As I told you, we propagate it over maybe 100 nanoseconds, sometimes in microseconds. However, individual time states, many of you have done a finite difference method of solving the differential equations. The difference here is that, a, that you have a large number of degrees of freedom, like even if you have 1,000 ergonatoms, then we have these 3,000 position coordinates and 3,000 momentum coordinates. And these forces change very quickly, so in a liquid. So the time step that we have to use is very small. And time steps happen in the femtoseconds. So now, you see the anomaly of the problem, even less than femtoseconds. Let us say that we take half a femtosecond. So now, I have to propagate this equation with the 60 degrees of freedom, couple degrees of freedom. By using a time step of half a femtosecond, two microseconds. So it is less than 10 to the power minus 15, 10 to the power minus 6. So I have to do something of the order of this. 10 orders from magnitude. So this is huge, and that is the real difficulty. How do we integrate? Well, as I said, this is the finite difference method. There is one of the popular one. It's the position parallel, where you both propagate. First, you propagate the position, t plus delta t. And you write the stellar expansion. Then you write t minus delta t. The whole idea is to add them and get rid of the linear term. So I get t plus delta t. And then t minus delta t, just adding the two. So right now, I do not have the position algorithm. This is I also get rid of the first term, linear term. I get rid of also the velocity. But I do have acceleration in AIT. So this is called position for algorithm. Very, very neat technique. Then in this technique, velocity is obtained after you get the trajectory. Since you know positions at t delta t and t minus delta t, you know the velocity as it's given on the right-hand side of the equation. And you have to store the velocity, not only because you have to check the kinetic energy, and you have to get many properties. You need the velocity. So by this way, I get the full phase space information, the motion of the trajectory in the full time space. But the advantage is that I don't have to store the velocity immediately. And so I don't need it. So that I have sought in simplification. Then there is the velocity following algorithm. This is very clever way of doing things that now you propagate both position and the velocity. And this is, again, cleverly. There is a cleverness in putting the velocity term by delta t by 2 A t and A delta t. The whole idea is essentially to minimize the area of propagation. In Liffrock algorithm, another interesting thing where RT is very easy, the calculation of the velocity in both these two, the calculation of the velocity is the tricky thing. So here, you use vt plus half delta t is in terms of vt minus half delta t. So it's like you are going from t minus. So velocity and position are staggered by half delta t. And that has the advantage that by doing that, your accuracy increases. And if I remember correctly, the delta t squared term is eliminated. So everything is linear in delta t up to delta t squared. And delta t squared is eliminated. And that has a new molecular accuracy. At one time, when we did computer work, it was not that powerful. These techniques were extremely important because success of your simulation depended on what technique we use. And we've used many. So then in addition to step size, I said the classical molecular dynamic simulation is half a femtosecond to two femtosecond. Abinitio molecular dynamic simulation, where you solve time dependence, for any of these times, because of the quantum decrease of freedom and because of quantum coherence, is an exceedingly small time state. So these simulations cannot be done in very more than a few. Even now, a few times a few times a few times. Many times when we talk of very big systems, we do a coarse-grained system. Coarse-grained is essentially what you do. You kind of take, you have a lens and you make the lens open. That means you now do not want the informations which are very detailed. For example, remember we did Landau's theory of order parameter and we wrote down the free energy in terms of order parameter expansion. That is an example of coarse-grained description. That means we are not going fully to position and momentum details, but we will kind of set a grid in the system. Let us say cubic grid in a three-dimensional system and now we average over the grid. And averaging, we find out, say for example, the order parameters. Now we derive an equation of motion for the order parameter and then we propagate that order parameter. So that also has a great merit and it is used in systems where we do not want the atomic details many times. Sometimes these days coarse-grained system is also done but you eliminate, say, about four or five degrees of freedom. Like I want to have a polymer. And then polymer, I have this CH3, CH2, CH2, CH2, CH2. Then I can coarse-grained it by, first CH2 is one carbon atom. So I eliminate hydrogen. Then I can eliminate, then take the, for example, in a protein, the amino acid, the side chains become a sphere. There are then, of course, you have to pay somewhere. So when you develop a coarse-grained description, the finding the force field or intermolecular potential undergoes a lot of change because no longer you have the interaction in terms of pair atoms. So you have to also develop the force field. So that has a lot of effort goes into that. However, coming back, so these are the kind of things that we do the different integration, different quadrature technique, different propagator technique by this kind of short-time state which generate the trajectory. Once we generate the trajectory, the statistical mechanics tells us what to do with it because we know the time everything. You can calculate the pressure, my pressure by calculating the specific heat by energy fluctuation. Many of our radial distribution function, all these things we can calculate and then our job is done. So then the summary of the steps, first create a finite box and that's what we discussed in the last lecture. And then I remember the example of the eyes, we will calculate the force on each atom and molecule and then you go through each atom and molecule. And depending on the force and according to the prosecution, depending on the force is experiencing and the new prosecution. And some quadrature like valley algorithm, you move the position and movement of each molecule. This is called updating the updating configuration. Then you have the trajectory and calculation. This is our computer. Monte Carlo's. Monte Carlo's. Which is straightforward and often the method of choice and most of the packages that exist in literature, most of the packages like Gromax, Charms and all these, they essentially are molecular, they're all molecular dynamic solutions. Because molecular dynamic simulation, as I explained to you is rather straightforward. In classical simulation, it's solution of the Newton's equations of motion. And if the Newton's equations of motion, then I can propagate it very easily. However, the next technique in a powerful technique and often the method of choice in complex systems, if you don't want the dynamical property, is the Monte Carlo's solution. As I discussed, firstly, it's Monte Carlo was placed in with a camp like that. It has to do with a lot of random number generator and it is based on ensemble average principle. But we have to let the system go to all different microscopic states. Remember, when we need the ensemble average or time average, basic idea is that in a time trajectory has to go to all corners of the phase space. And Monte Carlo in ensemble, I have to take sufficient number of ensembles that all the microscopic states are captured or if you have a number of their amount of microscopic states. So both have their demand. So now, so we now discuss the Monte Carlo's solution. Okay, in the Monte Carlo's solution, more common to calculate structural and thermodynamic properties of the system. As you can read here, he stated it is a popular area in Monaco city. I thought it was from France, but Monaco is supposedly visited by France. Anyway, and it's an algorithm called Monte Carlo algorithm which was used in a metropolis algorithm where this name was introduced. It's a method of probability theory and it is a probability theory that guarantees many of these things. Okay, now, as before, I explained the things in terms of a ising model and again, one-dimensional ising model. So I wrote down the one-dimensional ising model with this Hamiltonian that we have done. And if you have a few magnetic interaction, then I have the Hamiltonian that is two spins parallel then a G is less. Now, it is a wonderful thing to do a Monte Carlo simulation on this, to explain Monte Carlo simulation on that. So first I generate a initial configuration by go to each lattice side. I call it an item number and that has a value between zero and one and if it is less than 0.5, I get up is greater than 0.5, I make it down. So I can arbitrarily create a configuration This is the beauty of ising model. Now I wanted to Monte Carlo simulation. From there, I of course sample the equilibrium configurations and one-dimensional ising model is an additional advantage that we have the analytical styles. So whatever I get by complicated solution, I can check it. And it's actually a very good starting point and I already recommend all of you to do it. This simple calculation here that I have going to outline to you. Randomly select the speed by the random number generator then you find that among its neighbors we have three possible arrangements with the neighboring since point downwards then it's an unfavorable configuration one spin up and another is there among its neighbors and one spin down both the neighbors are in the upper position. Now we consider the energy of these three cases are different If the select spin is up directed as we start here energy decreases when its spin flips by the way this is exactly the example which has been done in my book and I did it by all these things in terms of ising model so that it is easy for students to understand Now if the now there is certain things in a Monte Carlo simulation is very important that you do a relative that means a relative movement that means you favor those moves those who lower the energy so you can easily know now that if I permitting interaction if I spin rates the tagged spin if I flip down then energy decreases that means now then energy decreases and that is accepted with unique probability now energy remains the same if you happen the energy remains the same after the flip not in this case but if my one spin is up another spin is down that configuration this will happen and then I take that configuration that change configuration with half probability however if it increases then there are two situations and it is very interesting if it increases then you accept but you accept it penalty by doing this these choices you bias this system to low energy configuration why? because there is a bulge band who told us that these properties of the system are weighted by e to the power minus beta e so here I have told you that if now it have two condition it can flips and if it flips then it is accepted with unique probability however if it removes flip then it is like that but however if it flips this picture is not 100% correct it should be down down going up down going up like actually on the upper egg then energy going up then you accept with the probability such that probability is conserved but with the penalty as I told you so flip probability that means from raise spin down to going up that will be in the change of energy is delta e then e to the power minus beta delta e 1 plus e to the power minus beta delta e 1 plus e to the power minus beta delta e and then consider no slip you say no I now open the option that I will have no spin flip then that will have a probability 1 minus that so so probability must be conserved so if the energy goes up then I have the option that I am going to stay in my same configuration so that is given by my bottom equation so these two must be added unity as I show you again to remind you there is a significant figure here on the extreme left should actually be down now what I describe right now to you is the one with the spin discrete dynamics as you know linear zones water we have a potential that is continuous in that case what the way we do is very interesting we take one of the n particles and complete all the interaction you can easily case what will happen compare with the interaction to all the other particles then we now utter the coordinates by random variables move the particles a little bit and then we calculate the energy if the energy goes down we accept it but energy goes up we exactly do the same thing again do if energy goes down then you accept the move it goes 0 then again we do the same thing we accept the move now one more thing I am saying there just as a model we took no flip no flip in this case no flip means that we don't make these changes of my 3 n position coordinates but here we call a random number r and if my e to the power minus delta is greater than r then only accept that means when the energy increase is not very large why we do that because if we keep on neglecting all the moves then it becomes very very demanding and we don't get so many times we have to go up the hill go up little bit then go down but if I check all the moves where energy is going up then that might trap me in a very small minima and also my statistics become poor so in this case we even when energy goes up we do the Boltzmann factor and if Boltzmann factor is e to the power minus beta e e to the power minus delta u that is delta is not very large and positive so this is the technique that I just explained to you is essentially the metropolis algorithm that so what essentially now we are going to do that the what we do need in essentially the calculation of the partition function or calculation of average that's what in statistical mechanics is we calculate the average is what Boltzmann factor so in this case can be measured as a predetermined set of points in the configuration space and then the metropolis method that's where the value of the integral is negligible so what we do the that when energy goes up very high then we neglect that and one more move on the one more move for rather create a markup chain and then we continue so it is as if we are propagating a trajectory but the propagation the trajectory is not following Newton's laws of motion it is following Boltzmann factor and and calling a random number again and again so this random number again and again as I said it has to be a markup chain in this sense they have to be independent of each other and these random numbers will allow me to move every atom in a random in its own three dimensional space random directions by random amount and then I calculate the energy so this is the metropolis algorithm as I said completely controlled this is what in flow chart I described it is little bit small but you will be able to read young guys so you generate the move calculate the energy accept it if energy is low if energy goes up then accept it with energy so this is goes on there little bit more detail because one thing that we want to implement is what is called microscopic reversibility that means you are going to a place and you should be able to come back and that thing since we are in equilibrium is extremely this is the essential concept that introduced by Onsager in terms of yeah, microscopic reversibility and in chemistry we already knew it in terms of detail balance but detail balance is not microscopic reversibility is more detail and much more profound therefore the microscopic reversibility means the probability of going to a place and the probability of in the initial position and probability of going to new position is equal to probability of the new position into probability back the rate of coming back so this thing this microscopic reversibility is essentially what we use in chemistry all the time K12 U1K12 is P2K21 and that going back and forth that has to be maintained so that is very important quantity so that that has to be implemented in choosing the scheme and in doing the transition probability from one state to other state because that guarantees very important my micro point is that that guarantees that you are in equilibrium because microscopic reversibility is the condition of equilibrium so every move must be microscopic reversibility otherwise you can go away from equilibrium and Monte Carlo algorithm is something we study on the equilibrium system yes we can study on the equilibrium system but that is required far more demanding that we are not going to discuss what we are discussing here is the equilibrium systems and where microscopic reversibility must be enforced many studies went wrong because microscopic reversibility both in analytical and numerical was not so here is the acceptance rejection ratios very similar to what I need in case of ising model so I am not going to go into detail but one random number generator same thing I described a couple of times but one has to make sure that you are in equilibrium and you are also increase the rate of your exploration rate of the exploration of the conventional space you do not want to do it so slow that you do not go anywhere if you do not accept moves you are going up for example you are just not going anywhere much of the time we are again the flow chart the Monte Carlo simulation in one dimensional ising model we did that there is an important thing that you often use is called important sampling important sampling is a name is that as I told you that problem of Monte Carlo simulation also a molecular dynamic simulation the problem is that once we system goes into a trap or kind of deeper minimum the system does not come out of that there is a terrible terrible problem in molecular dynamic simulation and many molecular dynamic simulation were wrong because the system that was simulated was stuck in the minimum however this minimum might be only a small part of the that particular minimum but the system is stuck because there are many other domains which need to be explored to get an average and these the kind of things are done by important sampling most important is that is also real events like the chemical kinetics when the product reactant the product are separated by a large barrier high free anti barrier as we have emphasized the Monte Carlo using metropolis algorithm essentially ensures a Boltzmann averaging over configurations and Boltzmann sampling of the configurations important sampling on the other hand tries to go where Boltzmann probability distribution is very small so conventional metropolis algorithm does not work as we already said these are the processes like in phase transitions one has to go over a large free energy barrier even obtaining the free energy barrier is very important the way it is done is actually quite quite smart you define a new distribution you define another and you sample from the other distribution and then so you write like here the expectation value as an integration and you define px by gx and now as a result of that the gx that you have this gives you an average over the term is fx px gx and gx now you have the freedom to choose and so you choose the value gx that it is it is not small in the region that you want to probe so this is most important is the rare event sampling where you do not get to the barrier region and it is shown on the table right side that it is if you go to a large barrier then you can go days 2 years to sample them however you can now device a distribution like it is defined here the e to the power wx and that pulls you towards the distribution and is shown here that bias is wx is shown so bias is a harmonic placed exactly at the maximum so that now the minimum is placed exactly at the barrier so couple to this added together allows you sample the barrier region and this is the I am not going to go through the mathematics but you can see how a new term e to the power minus wx plus minus that has to be is introduced and then you get the sampling over the this region of importance these are other advanced technique but it is good to know so there is a drawback of the importance sampling one is that how do you keep the temperature and pressure because these things are completely fluctuating and these are small systems temperature is easy to understand temperature you do by rescaling the velocity like this described here I know it is an equipartition theorem and I know that velocity squared average of velocity squared gives the temperature see the temperature goes up when temperature goes up scale back there are many ways of doing that so the scale running the temperature can be done by velocity rescaling similarly if the temperature falls down I can up scale the velocity however it is easy easier said than done because you have to do it systematically and you have to do without perturbing the trajectory that is all the different methods have been done first one was done by Hans Anderson Volanderson thermostat so he considered that there is an external bath and each molecule is undergoing a condition so when it is actually essentially the system the bath pervades the system and the heat bath pollution frequency given by probability and that that maintains Maxwell velocity probability distribution of the particles then how do we control pressure pressure is a little bit more tricky and little bit more dangerous and here but when we do NPT simulations we do canonical ensemble or grand canonical ensemble simulations or micro canonical much of the time we do micro canonical but we need to get the pressure correct so many times what we do we do keep the pressure and run the trajectory, stabilize the system and then you see what is the volume then we remove the pressure but before that we need the pressure and pressure is fixed by using barostrate barostrate is the name as we know from experiment as I said pressure is kept constant for NPT ensemble by rescaling the box vectors so you you just like pressure is by having a piston here you are control the volume of the simulations shell and there are many that again there is barostrate that is again used very similar technique that we have used here that you have a pressure by coupling barostrate and it is time state now instead of atoms and molecules you are changing the coordinate of the box helping by co-operating the law of one where you not only change this shape you also change the size actually these are very nice history the first computer simulation of solid state phase transition was done by Anisur Rahman where it changed the shape and that was then developed much more by Perinello who worked extensively with Anisur Rahman so you are now changing the shape changing the volume changing the by doing that that means your system is responsive but doing that you can keep the target pressure so there as I said there are lots of packages but most of the packages are molecular dynamics packages like gromax, lambs NAMD as I told you that in in Monte Carlo simulations most of the time you have to write your own code though there are some codes that are available in the in the different books and in papers but then you don't have packages like in so and one usually has to be more creative in doing Monte Carlo simulation but these are the questions I have been asked often when I give talk by experimentalist do you imagine some stage the experiments will be simulation will replace the experiment that will never happen and it does tell you one thing is that simulations are getting more and more powerful but more importantly simulation gives you information that many times experiments do not get it gives you microscopic information and it gives you how molecules are interacting so it gives you by comparing theory as theory, simulation and experiments you know whether your force will distract your interaction but that's a lot once you know how the molecules and atoms interact you can change the interaction by some substitution and you can create new materials so there's also technique and I did one job here but I strongly recommend that you read the books and and many other books are there


Masuigama was a karate master born in Korea in 1953 before moving to Japan to study under two well-known karate masters and then went on to establish his own art of Kyokushin Karate. However, while his system is one of the most powerful knockdown fighting styles, he was known for his own strength and combat endurance. He held full-contact competitions with a hundred consecutive opponents, however it was his demonstrations in public that would catch people's eyes. In these demonstrations, he would face off against bulls bare-handed, and it was said that he was so powerful that he could chop the bull's horn off with a swift strike.  This earned him the nickname God Hand. Now, there are debates on whether this was staged or not, and all ethics aside, Masuigama was a force to be reckoned with. I mean, staged or not, you don't tussle with a guy named God Hand.


What's good George boros back again with another video. So back here once again to give my preview and predictions for backlash What's good George boros back again with another video So I'm back here once again to give my preview and predictions for backlash, man I'm looking forward to checking it out with you guys live on the in the clutch page So make sure you guys are a part of the stream. It's going to be a Fun time. We always have a good time when it comes to these these live stream reactions and Backlashes is gonna be important to Rico man should be an interesting situation. I believe it's been sold out for quite some time So hopefully the Puerto Rican crowd can bring that energy. I think they will this should be Hopefully a good a good pay-per-view Overall, I'm gonna go through the list of matches. They already have set for the show give my preview predictions Who's gonna win who's gonna lose? Why not? And we can have that discussion down below in the comment section So let's start with the match. I am really looking forward to seeing Honestly the most and hopefully they do the right thing Cody Rhodes versus Brock Lesnar. I Have to take a deep breath I have to really think about this. I've been kind of racing my mind has been racing back and forth But who do I think will win? Honestly And and this is one of those things I have to choose my words carefully because we're talking about WWE here We're talking about Vince McMahon is part of creative and what happens in creative going forward along with Triple H Honestly Who needs to win is Cody? The question is do I believe he will win I have to have faith in Triple H to be able to say He he will give Cody to win here because if he loses this match and my personal opinion Cody loses to Brock What's the point? What is the point? There's no point. I think honestly he needs to be Brock Lesnar If they're still going with the story, I don't know how they're gonna get Cody to the The Universal Championship title contention with Roman again.  Am I afraid that they won't pull the trigger and have him do it? Yes, I am but I'm going with my gut here I'm going with Cody winning. I'm praying that he wins. He needs this win. It makes no sense Yeah, I mean personally Wasn't big fan of him losing that WrestleMania.  I think people would start to even care less about the Cody finish in his story So I'm going with Cody Overcoming odds and beating Brock Lesnar. That is my prayer and that is my my prediction Please let it happen so we can move forward Bad Bunny versus Damian Priest in a street fight match, man Actually, I think this is gonna be pretty good. I am actually I'm actually thinking this is gonna be something fun I think that they The crowd's gonna love this. I think they're gonna have a good time Like I think they're gonna put on an entertaining match. Once again, bad bunny It's not a traditional wrestler, but he did show out when he teamed up with Damian Priest a Few years ago at WrestleMania. So I do think they're gonna have a good time I think this could be a match that really gets the crowd Extra excited and I'm going with bad Bunny to win this one It doesn't really make Damian Priest doesn't need to be bad bunny I don't think we need to continue to feud after this I am gonna go with bad Bunny getting the dub here. It just makes sense, but I do think the match will be fun Smackdown women's championship Rhea Ripley versus Zelina Vega. I think this is I hope this has the making of being a good match I think Rhea can bring Zelina to a solid match She's really good at selling and you know Zelina is the smaller opponent So I think they will fell farewell in the ring But we all know Rhea is not losing the title anytime soon. So Rhea Ripley will retain I do think it'll be hopefully a solid match and We'll probably I don't know we'll see where Rhea who she ends up muting with next, but I Do think they will have a good show and hopefully they do Rhea will retain Matt Riddle Kevin Owen Sami Zayn versus the Usos and solo Sokoa This is a match that's I think it's gonna be also one of those High octane it's gonna be some near falls. It's gonna be intense But I do think this the story of the bloodline Continuing to crack is going to be really the most important thing about this Which will ultimately decided the ending of this match. I do think Matt Riddle Kevin Owen Sami Zayn will win this match and We're gonna start seeing even more pieces Start falling apart because I'm sure there's gonna be some dissension with the Usos and solo Sokoa And maybe the Usos are the reason why they end up losing this match And it's gonna create more of a rift between members in the bloodline So I think that's the story they're gonna tell it's kind of straightforward booking in this sense It's it's nothing that it's like, you know, I don't I don't think it's they're gonna pull the swear It doesn't make sense for them to pull the swear So Matt Riddle Kevin Owens Sami Zayn they're gonna win and we're gonna continue the storyline of what's gonna happen with Usos now that they not only didn't regain the tag titles But now they were they you know, they ended up losing this match or one of the reasons why They ended up losing this match. I think it's gonna really cause some some more More tension With members in the bloodline especially with Roman, so I'm looking forward to seeing what they do with that Because that's the story where most most of the fans are trying to figure out How is this gonna play out when is the other shoe gonna drop when we're Roman sick Solo on his own family on his own brothers should be quite interesting We got the raw women's championship Bianca Bella versus yo, Scott I think this is gonna be a fun match as well yo sky can go And I think this is gonna be the start of yo potentially may be breaking away from damage control, but I do Feel like Bianca Bella will retain. She's not losing To yo, but I do think we're gonna get a good showing out of this And maybe we can start getting yo in more of a solo role because she can't go in the ring So I'm looking forward to this think this is it could potentially still could be match in the night We will see nice a championship Austin theory versus Bobby Lashley versus Bronson Reed now. This is a very interesting one. This is very interesting I'm really trying to think in this particular situation, who would I have keep it? Um I'm not even sure. I don't think Bronson Reed is gonna get the championship yet and Honestly We've been in a situation where Austin theory was in a triple threat. I believe Bobby was a part of that too Austin theory was in that and he ended up retaining. I think they switch it up. I think they switch it up I think we're going with Bobby Lashley being the United States champion He's been in these matches with Austin theories a few time already a few times already. So I just don't see If I don't know putting them in that situation for him to lose again It'd be like, uh, I don't know. I think I think they're probably may go with Austin theory moving forward to something else Who knows we'll see but I'm gonna go with Bobby Lashley to To overcome the odds here and become the new United States champion I don't think anyone Have a problem with that. So I'm going with that And the match I don't really care about Don't have no interest in But could be good Seth Rollins versus Omar's Seth Rollins need to win. It's simple I think they're setting up for Seth Rollins to be the new world heavyweight champion Seth Rollins needs to win Simple as that. I don't I'm honestly not interested in this match. Could this match be good? Could Seth Rollins carry Omar's to a great match?  I just want this match to be done and over with Honestly, I would love for this maybe to be the first match of the night.  So comment down below Let me know who do you guys think will win who do you guys think will lose why and why not? And where do you guys think these Matches and storylines will lead to going to in the future But I appreciate all of the support you guys have shown on the channel Road to 150k and I am still getting on the speed of youtube wrestling champion the world Appreciate y'all kicking me. See y'all next one. Peace


Hello, good evening to all, myself Dr. Nishant Nusra. I am a PG, second day NPG, I am a Swohtak.  It is a common clinical condition with a prevalence of approximately one per 10,000 is affected predominantly young adults in their fourth decades of life.  The region talks to possibly higher evidence of an Anglian in men. Perianal fissure may be caused by several inflammatory condition and events including Crohn's disease, pelvic infection, tuberculosis, divertculosis, trauma, trauma during childbirth, pelvic malignancy and radiation therapy. However, most are idiopathic and are generally taught to be present the chronic phase of intramuscular anal gland sepsis. The pelvic floor dysfunction is an umbrella term for a heterogeneous group of disordered affecting 50% of the middle age and old Paris women presenting with pelvic pain, pressure, dysparinia and incontinence in complete emptying and gross organ protrusion. Although pelvic floor disease are relatively common, their development is complex and multifactorial. The greatest risk factor for these condition is a female sex. Other risk factor include increasing age, parity, prior pelvic surgery and chronic increase in triabdominal pressure. Fiscalization is a common clinical condition with the cause significant mobility and because despite surgical treatment more ever present as well as surgeon remain unaware of the associated pelvic floor dysfunction at it is more common in females which may lead to persistent post-operative symptoms in the patient. Therefore, we conducted a detailed study of the relationship between pelvic floor dysfunction and perianal disease. Imaging techniques we use MRI because it is non-invasive modality that allow dynamic innovation of all pelvic organ in the multiplanes with high soft tissue regulation and without use of emerging radiation. We also use static MR imaging in utilize to delineate components of pelvic organ support system including the inner specter complex, dynamic MR imaging with fast sequence enables functions evaluation to assess pelvic floor relaxation and descent. It is also the golden standard, gold standard modality for preoperative evaluation and classification of perianal tissue because of its ability to directly visualize the traits and access with high soft tissue regulation. The aim and objectives of the my study is to elevate in-automical and functional changes in the pelvic floor in a patient with fistula or imaging. The study to relationship between the grading of the perianal fistula with pelvic floor dysfunction. We use patient with clinically diagnosed perianal fistula where included in the study, patient with previously operated or partially treated patient of perianal fistula, contraindication to MRI, history of linear inflection, clinical evidence of prostateitis, clinical evidence of sexual distance or any psychological problems were excluded. We use 3-tesla imaging and after placing the patient on lateral decubitus position on a scanner table, 120 to 200 cc of a worm ultrasound gel introduced into rectum through a flexible catheter. The dynamic study will perform concessing of resting, straining and defecation phase in addition to usual sequence of pelvis assessment. We use the parameter for this on the base of gyms in our city hospital classification. We use grade 0 for normal appearance, grade 1 for simple linear intracerectal fistula, grade 2 for intracerectal fistula with intracerectal abscess or secondary fistula tract. Grade 3 for trans-systnetic fistula, grade 4 for trans-systnetic fistula with abscess or secondary tract within the osteoenol or vesture rectal fascia. Grade 5 for supra-elevator and trans-elevator DGE is in addition to this we following parameters are also used like as line 4, that is levator hattus, M-line, enorectal angle, levator plate, organ prolapse and the observation of my study is that there is for grade 1 there is 30% percent, for grade 2 there is 19% percent, for grade 3 there is 5% percent and in grade 4 there is 10% percent, in grade 5 there is 36% percent. And the comparison of all cases we see that high-tel enlargement seen in 35%, pelvic floor descent seen in 30% and normal enorectal angle seen in 24% and normal levator plate angle seen in 5%, abscess seen in 7%, number of secondary tract seen in 3%, cystosil seen in 2%, rectosil seen in 2%. We compare the fistula and pelvic floor dysfunction, we see high-tel enlargement pelvic floor descent and normal enorectal and levator plate angle were noted more in percent with active fistula as compared to inactive fistula, complex fistula, fistula were usually active fistula, so more cases with abnormal levator plate angle as compared to simple fistula, percentage of patient with high-tel enlargement was more in grade 1 fistula while pelvic floor descent abnormal levator plate and enorectal angle was more pronounced in grade 5 fistula. We see a 34-year-old male presented with perianal discharge and pain for two years, imaging so supra-leavator grade 5 fistula with pelvic floor dysfunction. This is another, there is a figure E1, E2, E3, we see deficit pubic oxygel lines, S-line and M-line in restening and staining and defecation phase respectively, there is a high-tel enlargement and pelvic floor descent noted in defecation phase finding is suggestive of pelvic floor dysfunctions and this is a figure 3, in figure 3, there is 3, F1, F2, F3 demonstrated enorectal angle banding in restening staining and defecation 4 in figure 4, levator plate angle so in G1, G2, G3 imaging during restening staining and defecation phase respectively. And this is another case, there is 49-year-old female presented with complain of perianal discharge and itching for 8 months, imaging revealed to create one fistula with eminence of cystosil and this is last image we see the 26-year-old female presented with complain of perianal discharge and itching for 1.5 years, imaging so great one fistula with eminence of rectosil, thank you, thank you very much.