Hi, I'm Anne. I'm working at the University of Oslo in Norway and I will guide you through this galaxy tutorial on the functionally assembled terrestrial ecosystem simulator, FATES. This is part of the Galaxy Climate Workbench and I will be very happy to answer any questions on this tutorial or any questions related to the usage of climate data in Galaxy. So what we will learn in this tutorial is first how to run this FATES model using the Galaxy tool and how to upload input data for running the model. How to prepare the input data is out of scope of this tutorial but we will also learn how to customize your run or to analyze your model outputs and finally to create a workflow for making your research fully reproducible. A strong running before you start this tutorial, it can take quite a lot of time to run the model. We are running five years to have some scientifically significant results and it takes about three to four hours on the galaxy climate, the European instance. So to make sure you can also analyze the results and finish the tutorial in time on time. I have also prepared some pre-made simulations that you can upload in your history. I will show it in a separate video. Thank you. Let's start this tutorial. First, make sure you are logging on the galaxy climate instance. So make sure you have this galaxy climate. So this is a European galaxy instance usegalaxy.eu and in front you add climate. So the full address is HTTPS colon slash slash climate.usegalaxy.eu. Make sure you are logged in here. Here I'm logged in as my username and the tutorial we will do together is this one in the climate category here. And this functionally assembled terrestrial ecosystem simulator phase. So we are taking the hands on here. And we can start first to create a new history and then to create to upload the data. So as we will be using this galaxy climate instance in Europe, we have already the data available on this galaxy instance. So we will not upload the data from Zenodo, but we will directly import the data from a data library. And I will show you how to do that. But first, let's create a new history. So I click here on this plus to create a new history. And I will rename the history. I will call it fades for this tutorial. And then to upload the data, I will go to the shared data and data libraries. And you should see this whole system community modeling. Then the CTSM, which is for community terrestrial system model. And then this is where you can find the input data and the restart file. So I will explain that just after what what it is about but first let's select the input data. So this is really the forcing for the climate model for the face model and restart file. So here this is the restart story and the input data is here. Let's import it. So I will export it as a data sets to my history. And that's it. Let's go to analyze. And because they're already on the system, this is already green. So everything is all right. So let's first discuss these two input files because this is quite important. I will show you again the tutorial. We have to go back to here. So the input data. So for preparing this input data, this is completely out of scope of this tutorial and will probably in the future write a separate tutorial for explaining how to prepare the input data. What we provide is a table to the model where at least we have these four folders in in your table, which is the ATM, which is for the atmospheric component. So the forcing for the face model for the atmosphere, the CPL, which is for the coupling, which says how the atmosphere and the land can interact with each other. And the LND, which is for the land. So this is where the fate component is, is available. And the share, which is also a share folder where we have, for instance, topography and other information relative to non specific data. So the model we will be running is what we call a single point. So we have only one point, which is a location. So with a latitude and longitude, and this is a point in Norway. So it will represent represent some Norwegian Alpine Tundra ecosystem. So this is a latitude and longitude and the elevation. So why do we have these different locations? This is mostly because we can then compare with some observations, because this is a location where we make a measure measurements on a regular basis. So they have been prepared for you and they are ready to use. So this is a site included in the modeling platform, which is developed under the Emerald Project, which is a project at the University of Oslo in Norway. So we have uploaded this data set. So this input data, which is the input underscore version. So for each version of the model, you have to be careful to have a different version of the input data. And we have another file, which is a restart file. This is mostly because the model, any climate model, if you start from scratch, so without any restart file, the model will be very unstable. So what we usually do to have quite a stable starting point, we first run the model for quite a very long time. So here we run it for 200, 2300 years. So it can stabilize. It can be stabilized and we can make some further simulation. So this is usually what you need to do with climate model. This is the difference between a call start and a restart model. So we will now set up the CLM fate simulation. So we will be using this CTSM fate emerald galaxy tool, which is specific to the Norwegian ecosystem. And it is based on a general model CLM fate. And it has been adapted for this Norwegian location. You can find more information if you click for instance here. An easy way to find the tool is to click here, and then it will appear in the middle part. So what do we need to start the model? We first need to make sure we have the right input data. So this input input files at our ball. And second, we need to make sure we specify in the customized part with change. We don't want a startup. A startup is what I called before a call start. We want to start from this restart file where we have run this 2300 years to make sure the model and the results are scientifically meaningful. So I will change it from startup to hybrid. And I need to put a reference model. So here this is the name of of this experiment. So here for instance we put the name of the case for each experiment. So when I run this one, I gave a name which was called alp1 underscore riff case. I also need to specify where I want to start for this reference. So I will start from this 2300 years and this 0101, which is the first of January. And here this is a start date which we can use for storing the model output. And I will, I want to start from a very start date 001 to make sure it will go forward. So I will start from 001 and the first January of this year. So I mean, this is mostly for reference for yourself. It doesn't have any significance in terms of scientific results. What else do we need to do? So here we are, we can select different model resolutions or different location in Norway, but we will take this alp1 for this case. And here this is the name of your experiment. So, which is a string you can choose usually whatever you want, but it has to be meaningful. So for this one, I will call it alp1 XP, which is experiment. So this is very classical in climate modeling to call experiment with like here this is a model resolution and experiment for experiment. What else do we need to change? So make sure here for the restart, we don't want to take the input file, but we want to take this restart. Well, here we want to take the input data. We will run it for five years. So yes, we have five, but we need to change from N days to N years so you can type N years and then select. What else do we want to change? I think this is it for this one. Here this is some advanced customization we will see later on when we do some different simulations. So here you are ready to start. You can click on the execute. So you will have many different output file which I will explain once this is done. It usually takes a bit of time so you can make a break and we'll come back later when it is done. When it's first running, it will be orange and then when it's finished. So as you can see now it is running. It's all orange. It will still take some time before it finishes. Let's have a look at what we will get as output. So we have many what we call log files here with like the ATM log which is for the atmosphere component. And this is because this is some kind of couple model between the atmosphere and the land. So we'll have one for the atmosphere, one for the land is LND.log and a log file. This is mostly given, it will give you some information about the run and what has been performed for this component. So this is interesting to see if everything was all right. Then you have some log file for this CPL is a coupling because it's the land and the atmosphere they need to communicate some information between the surface and the atmosphere. And then you have a log file. This is a CSM log file, which is also a log file for the whole CLM fate component. What else do we have? We have this rough log file, which is for the runoff, which we need to have always when running a land and the atmosphere component. Usually I don't really look into detail for this component. This is not very important for us. Then we'll have some case info, information about the case. It's mostly like a text file, getting some very basic information about your experiment and recalling you what setting you have done. And you will create this restart info file, which is also a text file, which we will use, for instance, if you want to continue the run. So it's always have a restart info file and you should have somewhere the restart file, which is a tarboard. So these two files, here they go together. And we only use them if we want to continue the run after, for instance, here we are running five year if we want to run a longer simulation after the five year. We'll see later how to do that. I haven't explained this work here. This is where the model is running. And I look at this tarboard and I don't need it on my laptop. If I want to check something, especially when the run was not very successful or when the results are not as expected. Otherwise, the most important output for us is what we call the history file. And it will be in this one. So it's, it's a collection because we can have more than one output file, depending on how long you are running the model. So we'll wait for the simulation to finish and we'll look at this file for checking the model output. So let's go back to our simulation. It is completed now as we can see all the tasks are green and the run has successfully completed. We can look at some of the files, especially for instance, if you want to look at the logs file like here for atmospheric components, so it's quite large. So it will only show some part of it, but it's usually, I mean, this is successful. And we also have some other information like the restart file, restart info, which tells you how many years have run. So for instance, we know here we have started from year one, and we have run five years. So the next restart file will be at six year and January 1. Now what we want to do is to analyze the model output net CDF data format, and all the data will be in this history file collection. If we click on it here, we have only one file, because we have run a short simulation so sometimes we can have more. And if we click on it, we can see the format and see this is a binary format. And the first thing we will do is to change the format to net CDF because the tool for now didn't manage to successfully detect the net CDF format. So we click here on the edit attributes and in data type and here I will switch to net CDF and I will select and I will click on change data type. So it will spin for a few seconds normally not very long. And the next step will be to change the name of this file. So this file is also in this collection here. It should be done by now. Yes, no, not yet. We will change its name because the name contains some dots and some special characters that may not be correctly used for some tools in a galaxy so the best is always to change to some short name and meaningful name. So we can use for instance this net CDF file in in Panoply, which is an interactive tool for this to visualize net CDF data.  Yes, and I will save. Now we have both the format is net CDF and the name is alp one underscore X dot NC. Then let's go back to the tutorial in the climate. And this is this one, the function as a material ecosystem simulator. And so far what we have done is we have uploaded the data and setting up the CLM fate simulation this step here for creating a new case. And what we have done also is to change the type and renamed the data set. And now what we will use is this net CDF metadata info to get some information on the names of the variables and the dimensions of all the different variables. So then we can later extract some meaningful information for instance if we want to visualize some of the variables. So we will use this net CDF X sorry metadata info to generate two input files containing information on the metadata. And we will try to answer to this question which is what are the short names of the relevant variables. And which one will you pick if you want to do the result in a millimeter per second so this is to get some information about the canopy transpiration. Let's click on this tool here so we'll have presented here, we check that you are taking the right input file, which is one underscore expert and see, and we can execute. So it will generate two files. So one containing some short information about the different dimensions of the variable which we use for different tools. Exary tools. And the other one will be all the metadata contained in this net CDF files. And then we'll search for the canopy transpiration variable. So it's still running. Let's wait. Let's have a look at the two different files. So this one contains, oops, there is an error. All the different information about the variables but also the dimension so this is always a this is a net CDF data. So we have this dimension at the top. And we have the lens of each dimension in teacher here. And we have all the different variables and for each of them we know the different dimensions and we also know some, we get some more information about the metadata like the long name here and the unit so this is quite standard. We are following the climate convention, climate forecast convention CF convention for getting the net CDF output. And you can see we have lots of variables. And at the very bottom you will get all the global attributes, which usually you know where and who has created this file. We know which convention is used, which is a CF one dot zero and some other global information about this data set. So now let's look at the second metadata information. So this one is usually the one we use for some other tools and what we get is a list of variable names and dimension for each of the variables. So this is the info file you can use to get some metadata information about all the different variables and in particular the long names, which is usually where we find the variable names we we can relate to scientific variables. So, let's go back to the question. The question was, identify which variables would provide you some insights about the canopy transpiration. So usually what I do is I go here and I do control F to search for canopy transpiration. And here I found already one variable so here we have one variable FCTR, which is a function of time and LND grid. LND grid is a number of points in the grid and here this is a single location simulation. So this variable will be equal to one which we can check at the very top LND grid here you can see is one. So if we go back to this variable. And this is probably the first one again this FCTR this is the one we have seen. And the units are what per square meter so this is one of the variable and the time is mean so this mean that variable is average over each period of time. So here. So the time step of the model is different from the model output frequency. We average outputs over a month so each value is an average over the entire months. Let's look at the next one so we have another one which is QVE GT. And this time this is exactly the same variable but the units are different this is millimeter per second for the canopy transpiration. So, we have, we can see if we want to answer to the question which variables would provide you some insight about the canopy transpiration we can see. With the FATES model we have two variables one is called FCTR and the unit is what per square meter and the other variable is QVE GT which is in millimeter per second. So if you want to have a variable in millimeter per second you would need to take this variable QVE GT. The second question was what are the dimensions of this variable and this is what I briefly mentioned before this is over time. And for one single location so if we look at how many times do we have so if you remember we run five years so the time will be 60. So we have answered to the first question. Let's go back now to the tutorial. So we have done this metadata info and what we will do next is to quickly visualize the data with Panoply. So how do we start Panoply? Panoply is an interactive tool. And the easiest is to start it from here I will show and then to use this live galaxy. So if you look at it here we say that we suggest to use this live.usegalaxy.eu and this is mostly to avoid the problems when you are opening the application. So let's do that. I will here go to the interactive tool and you will find this Panoply here. And make sure you are taking the right input which is here this alp1 underscore x dot in C which is the netcdf history file exactly the same file we got some metadata info so far. And now we will really visualize the data so over the five years of simulation I execute. And here to have no problem when I start this Panoply interactive tool in the active interactive tool panel I will switch to the live.usegalaxy.eu. This is the same portal but this is a different view we mostly see the interactive tools and what I will do here I will first login so I'm logging I will make sure I'm in the right history. So I need to go in the history where my Panoply tool has been started so I can switch to this one and then analyze data and I will go to user active interactive tools and I will click here to get started. And Panoply just starts. So here this is a panel you will get initially and you have to select this input data alp1 and you can click on it and it will appear here and then open. As you can see here you have all the different variables similar to what we have seen previously with XR and metadata info tool. With here's a dimension so it says this is 1d variable 2d variable or 3d variable etc for instance we have mostly 1d and 2d variables because this is a single location simulation. And here this is all the metadata in a similar way than the metadata information of the Galaxy tool. So if we look at what is asked in the tutorial we want to search for some variables. So for instance we would like to find what is the long name of mortality. So in this tool what is quite nice is everything is in alphabetical order. So if I go to LM it will show up very quickly mortality so this mortality here. If I double click it will show you how to visualize but let's first look at some metadata. So when you click on the variable here on the left button of your mouse it will appear here and you will see the variable name and the different dimensions so we have 60 values for the time. We have a different level this left pft 12 so this is a different pft values we will see this plant functional types. And we still have one single point so we have lnd grid equals to one. So long name is rate of total mortality by pft plant functional type. So to answer to the question we have just answered to the first question if we go which is the rate of total mortality by pft the long name of the mortality variable. What is it's a physical unit so we can see the units are just below here and the units are. This endive per he and per year. So the next question is to plot the total carbon in the life plant leaves. So this variable is called the short name is leaf FC leaf. So we have h for L leaf SC which is the total carbon in the life plant leaves. Let's click here. And if you double click. We will show you how to make a plot and so we can we want to plot the variable as a function of the time so along the axis. And this is a plot we get here. So this time we get a plot and we want to save the plot in panoply. So you have here to go in file and save the image as so you can eventually change the name if you want to, and make sure you put this image in the output folder. We will close the panoply quit panoply it will be saved back into our galaxy history. So, do you observe any pattern in this plot and does it make sense from a scientific point of view. So what I can briefly say here is if we look at the time here and the different months and years. We can clearly see some seasonal cycle which is quite normal because the carbon in life plants leaves will will change as a function of the time depending if this is winter or summer. Okay, so we have saved or a plot in in the output folder. Now we can also plot the rate of total mortality per TFT, which is a second variable is mortality. So here what you can do once your plot is finished and you have saved the image you can go in file. And you can close so don't quit panoply because if you quit you will be you will leave completely panoply and you will not be able to to plot in any other variables. So, let's go to the mortality, which is here. And again, I left click twice to get this panel for plotting you can also get it in in the view here. And here we will select so this is a 2d variable as you can see so panoply will offer you the possibility to create a 2d plot. And then you have to choose if you want to have this fate this pft on the X axis or and the other time and usually what we do is we like to have the time on the X axis which is the evolution of the pft. And on on the vertical on the Y axis, we will see all the different pft. So I will create this plot. So by default it takes quite not very user friendly color scale so we'll first change the color to make sure we can see a bit better the pattern. And so that we can answer to the question, which is again can you observe any pattern and if this makes sense for you. So how to customize your plot in the panoply. First thing we can do is to change this color map. So you can choose any color map you you would find appropriate for for your visualizations. Sorry, it didn't select. There are so many different ones sometimes it's difficult to choose. So when you find yes this one are usually quite nice for making some plots. I don't know if there is much different let's take that one. For instance, and then the second thing we will do is to change the vertical so the grid here. So there are many things you can customize like the minimum and the maximum value which are this mean and max, but that's okay we will not change them. And the grid you can change the grid for for your plot so you can see a bit more. This plot correctly. So let's go to this solely. Don't remember exactly. For instance, no, that's not this one. Oh, this is not not the X we want to do why sorry. Yes, so here this is it will allow us to highlight a bit more this pattern which is at this level. One thing we can change now is to make sure it fits and fill all the plot so instead of starting at 05 here we can put one and here for instance, yes. Maybe. Well maybe this is okay here maybe five. It's maybe a bit too big. So we can maybe it was then. Yeah, we can still keep one. And here I can see it doesn't start at zero because we'll only get some output at the end of the first month. So instead of starting at zero, I will put one month which would be like 31 days to fill it. And then what we can see here is that we clearly have a seasonal cycle again if we look at the time here and this is always again this winter and summer values. So this is essentially for this pft which is this pft to again I will save this plot. So I can save the image as. And again I make sure I'm in the output folder. And for instance again and you can play a bit with this and you can change for instance different color scale, different values here. So you can see a bit more and adjust your plot for for your publication so usually I try a few things to see to make sure I can highlight very well the different. Seasonality here. So for instance it looks like this color scale really highlight more what I would like to highlight which is the seasonality so I will save again this image. And this folder. Yeah, I need to give a new name so I will probably call for color. So I have some plots, which I can save. And now you can make several plots and try different variables, I will close this plot here. Feel free to experiment with other variables that can be of interest for you and save all the outputs in the output folder. Once you are done, you can quit panoply. And then we can close this. And this one and go back here. And you will see this panoply output here will terminate in a few seconds and we'll have a plot which we can download on on our laptop. So here we have these plots here which I can look and here this is usually it tells you the version of the tool of the panoply tool. So we have done this three plots, and then you can choose the one that would be more appropriate for instance for your publication so you can download your file. So here on your laptop for later usage, but you have it in your history so then I go back to face here. So, we have done already the first two steps. And we'll now use not an interactive tool but another tool for making some visualization. We have used panoply for plotting and analyzing results. Why do we want to use a galaxy tool for for analyzing and plotting the results in state. Why not simply always use panoply. The thing is we want to make a workflow again we want to automate or research. So, running a panoply an attractive tool is not the best way to automate your research. It's really good for exploring your data for making new research and new discovery, but then the next step is usually to automate your process. So we'll go back to this training here. Where we have been so far we have run the model we have used panoply to analyze. We have expected the metadata and now what we will do is this far. So to use a galaxy tool for analyzing the seal and fake simulation so to create some visualization but directly from a galaxy tool so we can incorporate this step in in our workflow. So if you remember before we have used already some x-ray tool so this one now we will make some selection so we will select the values from this leaf FC variable. So we will have the value as text tabular data. So we can then use for instance a GG plot for making a plot in a galaxy. So let's take this one and as you can see we'll have to make sure we take the right input file always is history file. And we'll have this metadata info in for this variable as an input which is the result of some of the previous steps we have done already. And then we will run it at the end will always rename this so I can already copy it. We will rename the data set for future usage. It's always a good practice and we will extract the leaf FC variable so I can click here to get the tool. And I have run the alp underscore X dot NC as an input which is in a CDF file and immediately it already has it has chosen this tabular variable which is the list of variables and the dimensions and which is the results of the previous metadata x-ray tool we have used. For the variable name will select leaf FC which is here can select. If we want to select manual under the coordinate this not necessary we want everything and we have only one point so it's not really necessary to select and reduce the amount of data. And then we can execute. So it will take some time. Okay, so it starts running. So it's quite a small tool. So it shouldn't take too long because we don't have so much data. We have only five years of simulation. If you have looked at the introduction of climate data, you may remember that to be scientifically meaningful. In climate we usually take period of time about at least 20 to 30 years. So this is here a very short simulation we do, which is still interesting because we can see some seasonality. But it will not be something we can use for assessing the climate or the change in climate for this location. So if we look here and we click on this view data, we can see now we have extracted this leaf FC variable, which we have already done before with a panoply. So here we have one single location so it's this variable is not very meaningful. And here this is all the different times so this is for the first year at the beginning so the time will be zero two, because we have started the simulation on the first January, and then the output the model will output some results every month, and it makes an average over the previous months. So here we have up to January, your six, which is the average of the previous months. And here they are the values. And what we want now is to prepare this tabular file for scatterplots using GG plots. The first step would be to prepare this first column the time in a in a way that can be understood by GG plot and one of the problem we have here this is after the year, the months and the day we have a space for the time but the time is completely canceled for this climate model because we have only zero everywhere which corresponded to midnight. So what we will do is we will use a tool to remove this pattern to split and only keep this one. So back to the tutorial. We'll see we have done this first part which was to select this and get tabular values of the life FC. And now what we will do is we will clean the data clean the date using this replace part of the text will take the result of the previous step which will rename first the variables. The mode of output file to this. I forgot to do it so I do it again. And I go here and I will rename the file always very good practice I forgot. And I will control V. And I save. So it will change the name. I'm good. And then I can go back to my tutorial here. I will use this tool here where I will use this replace part of text so I will select the input this net CDF file which has been converted to tabular by extracting only one variable, and I will find this pattern which is the time. I will, what I will do is, I will replace all the occurrence of this pattern to have zero colon zero colon zero. And I will remove entirely these values. So that we have a clean tabular output. And we will find and replace text in the entire line. So let's do that. So what we do here, make sure I have the right tabular and the file to process in this net CDF XR selection. What pattern do we want to find this 00 colon 00 colon 00, which correspond to our minute and second. We want to replace with some empty because we want to remove this is not very meaningful for us. So find pattern is a regular expression. No, this is not a regular expression. This is only the pattern we want to remove. We place all occurrence of the pattern. Yes, we want to replace all the occurrence. The sensitive is doesn't really matter because this is numbers. And we want to find the whole words, we can say, yes, this is what we want to find we want to make sure we found all the zero colon 00 colon 00. And we want to replace it in the entire line, which is the default. As you can see, we can always get some email notification at the end of the tool, which is not here very necessary, but we can be useful when running the CLM fake models. I can execute writing for execution. Okay, so it starts running shouldn't be long. The only very long step is the first one when we run the model. So here, if we look at the results and we can click. So we have suppressed this, the time in the, in the dates here so we only have the year, the months and the day, and then the value of the leaf FC. So now this is quite clean and we can use for instance, GG plot the scatter plot with GG plot to plot the left leaf FC value as a function of time so here you can search for GG plot. It's usually coming very quickly so there is money. Yes, and you can see for instance this one would do very well. Yeah, so we haven't renamed since this is probably best before we do that to rename again, so I'm sorry, I go back I forgot to rename, and I will rename it to meaningful name which is a leaf FC. And this is a clean dot tabular so this is really the clean values of my leaf FC extracted from the net CDF file. And again now I can finally plot so it's not mandatory to change the name but it's usually a good practice for yourself so you remember exactly what you have done. So what do we want to do so we want to plot in the value in this leaf FC clean tabular with the first colon is the number the row number, then the second one is a time. And we have also this. LN grid, which is not what we want. So we have zero, we have the time is one. This is two to this one the time sorry now this is the row number is one the time is to this LN with these three as we can see here and the fourth is leaf FC. So what we want to plot is for instance, first colon as a function of the fourth leaf FC. We can give a meaningful title, which is here the total carbon in life plant leaves level for the x axis is time, and we can even put some more information but time would be sufficient we mostly want to see the evolution. And for the y level we can say this is leaf FC, and we can put the unit for instance which is kilo C h a minus one. And I made a typo, which is kilogram C. So we have this summer more advanced option which we can customize the plots, for instance, we can say here we want points and line. And in the output option so we can close the advanced option and in the output option. We can change the width and for instance of your plot and the height. Because this is a square by default but here we have five years of data what so what we would like to have is a plot which is larger than its height so we can really see the different years. So I will put for instance 19.0 here. And here this is five. And why 19 because I have five years so I mean I could put 20 if I want. It's approximately to have some larger some weights for each year. And the rest I don't really need to change you can change the format but you can keep it in PG if you want. So again, we here we have only plot plotted the if FC, you feel free to try to plot any other variables to try it out. Maybe there are some other tools in Galaxy for plotting. So if you make nice plots and you want to report it. You can share what you have done. And again this step shouldn't be too long. This is mostly taking your tabular and making a GG plot. Yes, this is done. And here you have your plot so it's quite large because it's good resolution so what you can do to visualize it better you can download it. You can for instance plot it. So for instance if we look at what it looks like. And this is what you should see. So this is really the same plot as before, but with GG plot. So this is fuller can be fully automated into your workflow. Now it starts to be quite exciting because we have run a simulation with fate, and we can automate some plots and create some plots automatically. So we will now create a workflow from the history we have. So we can rerun or simulation and plots so to make it fully reproducible. And it will allow us to be able to run new kind of simulation so for instance changing the inputs data, new data or some parameters of the simulation, etc. So it's quite interesting. So let's do this conversion. So what we will do is we will extract the workflow from the history. So we'll go in the history menu and will extract the workflow with a workflow extract workflow option. And we will have to remove any unwanted steps. For instance, if you remember we have used panoply an interactive tool. And then in a workflow, we don't really want to keep this interactive tool because we want to have a fully automated tasks tasks. So we will remove this step. And we will rename the workflow to something more meaningful. So for instance we'll take this CLM fate help one five years of simulation so we can copy here the string. And I will create a new workflow that we can edit before we run it. So let's do that. We go to the menu option. This is the history. Oops, where's my mouse can see it. Yeah, in this menu here. This will you click and you see all the different options you can do with your history and the first thing we will do is to extract the workflow. Here we can give a new name of the workflow. Before we create this workflow, we will check the different steps and we will remove, for instance, so here we see the inputs. The fades and all the different outputs generated. The XRI meta data. This one I don't really want. I will remove. This is a panoply not needed for automated workflows. I keep the net ID of XRI selection because this is where we select the leaf FC to create a plot and this replace and the scatter plot. So then I'm ready. I will create workflows. And I can click on the edit here and check the workflow. We need to do a few things before we can run. So if you can see some tasks are not connected. So we'll have to look at it a bit more. I can reorganize inputs. So I can see there is inputs. The input is here. And then this is a restart file. If you remember, then I can look at this, which is my CLM. Fade model. And here's the main issue if I see, I can reorganize a bit. So this is a different expression for the GG plot here, which is a final plot. But there is no connection here. So why what is happening. So here we are creating a workflow. So it's a generic to any kind of simulation you would do. And the thing if you remember, I briefly mentioned it, but when we are running the CLM fades and model. The output the history file is a collection. And in our case we have only one file, but sometimes when we are running long simulation, long simulations, the model will generate more than one history files. So one history file so we will definitely need to extract one of the file. So one we want to plot or we would need to merge or do something more complex but here because we have only one because we are running five year. What we will do is to add a new task in between to select which history file from the collection we want to use for plotting so and the tool we will be using is called extract. So you can do it for here. Yeah, this one. So you can select it from here or you can go back to your tutorial and go when we are making this. Look, extract. And here you can click on this, and it will automatically open the tools takes a bit of time to get the tool. If it doesn't work and always a bit too slow. I suggest you only take this from here. Yeah. So what we will select here will connect this one to that one. And when we click here will extract the first data set. Yes, this is fine because we have only one. We need to make sure. So here you click on the configure output. We want to make sure it has the right type. So we'll, we'll change the type and we'll put it to net CDF so this is mostly to make sure the output is net CDF. And for the rest, I think we can leave it this way. And here. This one, you have to click here. So you have to click here to make it. If you remember just before it was red, so I click on this connector so that now I can connect these two here. So we have a full workflow and you can rearrange your flow as you wish. So it is a bit more easy to understand the different steps. Okay. And now once this is done, you can save it here. So here we have created a workflow, but now what we want to do is to reuse this workflow. So you can share this workflow with others. You remember, if you look here, you can have the workflow options. You can download it if you want on your laptop and it will be a .ga file, just Galaxy workflow. Or you can run it. So all your workflow workflows will be in the workflow panel. And this is the latest will be at the top. It has been created one minute ago. And if you want to run it, so you click on this. And you have to customize the different steps of your workflow. So what we would like to do is to rerun a simulation, but instead of running the exact same simulation, we will change the CO2 values and the atmospheric CO2 so that we can assess the change in behavior for the plant, which is this fake model, when the CO2, the atmospheric CO2 is increased in the atmosphere. And this is really typical in climate change. We know that we have more and more CO2 in the atmosphere and the condition for the plants are changing.  So the fate of the plants. So this is quite an interesting simulation to do. So we have to edit this workflow. Make sure you have the right input and output. So make sure you are taking here the input data, which is this one. And the restart file because we want to do exactly the same simulation. But this time what we want to do is So this is input data. So this is the CDF, sorry. So we want to update some of the steps, which is, I can't see where is, sorry, this was this one. I need to customize the model. This is still five years. So this is not that one. I think this is in the advanced option where we can customize the CO2 values. Yeah. So here I can edit. And instead of 367, you more or more, I will credible these values. I will put 1468, which is a lot more so then we will really see a significant change in the behavior of the plants. So then the model output. And for the rest I can leave everything as is make sure you check everything and the different steps you extract. And then we can run the workflow. And again, it will take some time because as you remember it takes about three to four hours for running the CLM fate. So all the tasks here will appear. And once this is done, you will be able to compare and see whether the results are different or not. And what what we see in terms of response when we significantly increase the atmospheric CO2. We can really see some significant changes in after running five years. So if we look at the plot we had before, for instance, let's take go back to the plan of the output because I usually nicer to look at like this one. With, you know, this is not the right values here. This is this. Yes, this is a total carbon in life plant leaves. So there is no big increase when when we run this five years and with a quadruple CO2, the values will be shifted here on the y axis, because we have a lot more CO2. So if we look at the results here, because it will take far too long for running, you can look at it for instance tomorrow. But I can show you so here this is what we had before. And so it's more or less flat in terms of values. I mean, it's slightly changing but not that much after several years. But when you are looking at the same variable, but in under condition where we have credible to CO2, you will see that it's, it's quite significant how it will behave for for this variable which is totally expected. So it means the model works quite well. At the end of this tutorial we show you how to share your work so how to share your history, which I strongly encourage you to do so. You can know you can make your history share share share the with a link or you can even publish it and give the permission to anyone to access your history. Again, you can also use this workflow hub, which is a new way to exchange your workflow. And this is particularly interesting if you want to exchange your workflow and run it on a different galaxy instance. So you can of course download it but here it will be publicly available. You can copy this link here and I show you. We have already put this workflow for for this tutorial and you click on the galaxy climate. We have three workflows and you can. This is this one the CLM fades out once simulation five years. And what is nice is you can generate this workflow and this image where you can see all the different steps of your workflow. So for for this I strongly encourage you to look at documentation and there is some kind of few steps to fulfill to get this workflow image for instance. So we, it will convert the galaxy workflow to a common workflow language workflow. You can ask me on this on slack. So I hope you enjoy this tutorial. It's of course quite long if you do it in a day, but as you can see there are many stages where you have to wait for quite a while before getting the results. So for this I will make sure you can see the results in in my history. Thank you.


Welcome back to Rhythm's Riddle. Tom's Gauntlet with you, your host and guitarist, artist. Sharing with you the Celtic Twilight by W. B. Yates. These are a collection of stories that he compiled from among Irish peasants and folk. This one is called The Religion of a Sailor. A sea captain, when he stands upon the bridge or looks out from his deckhouse, thinks much about God and about the world. Away in the valley yonder among the corn and the poppies, men may well forget all things except the warmth of the sun upon the face and the kind shadow under the hedge. But he, who journeys through storm and darkness, must needs think and think. One July, a couple of years ago, I took my supper with a Captain Moran on board the SS Margaret that had put into a western river from I know not where. I found him a man of many notions, all flavoured with his personality, as is the way with the sailors.  Sure, said he, did you ever hear tell of the sea captain's prayer? No, said I, what is it? It is, he replied, oh Lord, give me a stiff upper lip. Oh, what does that mean? It means, he said, that when they come to me some night and wake me up and say Captain, we're going down, that I won't make a fool of myself. Why, sir, we were in mid-Atlantic and I standing on the bridge when the third mate comes up to me looking mortal bad. Says he, Captain, all's up with us, says I. Didn't you know when you joined that a certain percentage go down every year? Yes, sir, says he and says I. Aren't you paid to go down? Yes, sir, says he and says I.


We're gonna go ahead and take a question from our viewing audience right now. So exciting We'd like to each have you answer Teresa who's asking Do you have any suggestions for? overcoming feelings of unworthiness of someone trying to start down a spiritual path but feeling unworthy in doing so due to perhaps childhood trauma and How do you forgive yourself if from sins in your past that you've already confessed you Move beyond the confessional, but you still have trouble Letting those go and feeling like you're unworthy to even begin this monumental task of building your interior life Father Miller would you begin? Yes, so this is a very common problem that I would say I deal with on a weekly basis with prisoners or Catholics just visiting St. Dorothy's and need some advice and direction The first things first in regards to forgiven one's cells for past sins. I always remind The person you know or I asked the person have you gone to confession?  You know, do you think you're better at judging your own soul than the Lord is he's already forgiven you What are you worried about? So if that kind of a temptation is actually rooted in our pride that we don't trust the Lord's judgment even when he's merciful Right, we think we can judge ourselves better than he can and so it's it's something that the individual has to repent of and You know and then learn to focus more upon his mercy his forgiveness as opposed to You know their own thoughts or feelings or judgments which are secondary In regards to the healing of past traumas and wounds So one of my backgrounds is psychology and I've done a lot of work in this area And what I've discovered is the reason these memories still plague us is because More often than not we prevent our Lord and our lady from entering into those memories Usually with past trauma.  It's their shame that wants them to hide. Well, even as adults That shame can lead us to hide from Christ to hide from the Blessed Mother And the only way for our Lord to heal those memories is if we allow him in So I usually leave people through a three stage Three stages of meditation to help them to allow the Lord in and I'll just go over real quick So all of our viewers can hear it. So the first thing is you have to be able to Remember what happened to you if you're not there yet. You need some counseling and you're able to at least Remember what happened once you do that. I always recommend this in the presence of the priest or your counselor or in front of the Blessed sacrament that's ideal You have to allow Jesus to visibly be present in your memory as you're reliving it even though it's painful and difficult He doesn't say anything and he doesn't do anything But he just stands there in a corner He's outside the window looking in when he sees what happens what you did what happened to you doesn't matter what it is Once you find some semblance of peace with our Lord's presence because he was there. He's everywhere Then you allow him to speak if Jesus was there. What would he have said? To you or to the person that hurt you, right? What would he have said what truth would he have spoken you already know this for the most part? And you just have to allow him to say it in the memory and it can take days and sometimes weeks of quiet meditation Until you can get comfortable with our Lord's presence and when then with our Lord speaking Once our Lord can speak and you're comfortable with that and reliving the memory then what you do is you actually Allow him to act allow him to change your memory I had a beautiful soul who had a very traumatic experience where someone threatened her life when she was a little girl and In the final stages of the healing Jesus ran up grabbed her out of the hands of the person who was going to threaten her and said don't touch my daughter and he carried her off to safety and She said once she saw that in her memory all of the pain went away And it had no hold over her anymore And it's just this beautiful.  Thank you for sharing that father Father Robert would you like to add to that on feelings of unmovingness and yeah? Look what what father Miller had has spoken about about the efficacy of sacramental confession That people often, you know Feel unworthy they feel impaired by sins which have actually been sacramentally forgiven by God through the ministry of the church and that really frees a person from sin and Feelings of of unworthiness and so forth in a sense every human being is infinitely unworthy of The graces of God even the very greatest saint but in another sense every human being is made with the image and likeness of God and has this Dignity of being a divine son or daughter what I would say is feelings of unworthiness Come from looking too closely at yourself if you can imagine if you looked at yourself very very closely in a mirror You got to see all kinds of you know imperfections faults so forth The answer is don't look too closely at yourself Look look instead at the glories of heaven look instead at You know one book I would recommend is the crowd of the Virgin and this book is Is a meditation upon the splendor the beauty the glory of the Queen of Heaven? This is what we should be looking at not ourselves if we look at ourselves if we look at our own lives often We'll find you know a disaster or at least a bit of a disaster We look at stead at the Kingdom of Heaven. We look at Jesus We look at Mary and we find it's all beauty peace tranquility power and so forth This is what we're aspiring like a person driving a car looks at what's coming ahead They're not looking at what they've passed by and all of that stuff sins traumas of the past You know let go it's only our looking at them our thinking about them our fixation on which makes us hang on to it So allow ourselves to forgive allow ourselves to be forgiven and just to let go beautiful Father Luke you must see this so frequently That was speaking of people who have trauma or deal with people in situations. So your thoughts on this. Oh, yeah Well, a couple of things first of all just to note that in some cases when we use like a term like childhood trauma or whatever There is no shame in getting professional psychological help and it is amazing how In the science of psychology so many things have been learned about The brain and the way it processes memories and a lot of people focusing in on trauma in particular and even Sculpting velocity sometimes could be more psychological than anything else and there's no shame particularly if you can find somebody who's really solidly Catholic and Christian Blending the you know staying authentic to the faith, but also insights from modern psychology There's no shame in that at all and then to two spiritual things I would advise one of which would be the devotion and writings of the divine mercy from St Faustina We have a funny joke in our friaries if you see a brother bringing her diary to the holy hour You'd be like oh bro You haven't a bad day, you know But it's just that promise of mercy and grace that Jesus gives to that devotion has been so healing and encouraging to people who struggle and then the other thing is praying with Gospel passages where Jesus encounters sinners and whether it be the woman at the well whether it be the Famous parable the prodigal son and Luke 15 or there's so many of these stories where Jesus has encounters with people Who were sinful and then the way he treats them with such great love and mercy to do like Lexio divina or healing prayer with some of these stories from the Gospels I have a hunch that that might be part of the reason why the early church wanted to write them down and preserve them Because in praying with those stories we can receive a lot of grace Wonderful answers very good. Thank you for that question Teresa


All right, we're updated agenda. And our first witness up is David Sher, assistant attorney general from law and attorney general. He's here to speak to S5, Dr. Lane, Ms. Lane, as cannabis regulation procedures. David. Good morning, Senator. Good morning, committee. For the record, David Sher with the attorney general's office, my understanding was that I am here to testify about the issue of advertising and- Yes. We are concerned about advertising. Got it. Thank you, Senator. And I do have a few comments I can make on the various proposals that came through the legislature last year. Ultimately, of course, the final legislation ended with a sort of directive to the control board and our office. And I believe to the health department as well to work out a system of regulation, that's certainly something we are, we were happy to be involved in last year. We're still happy with that outcome and happy to engage in that project. But if the committee would like to reconsider some of the legislative versions that were considered last year, I'm happy to give a brief overview of the legal issues. I was considering proposing an amendment that would have the house government operations version before it was changed on the floor to nothing or to no advertising. Sure, so let me- I would be, I was going to propose that the committee amend this S-25 bill with the language that was approved by house government owners. Senator Childs, Michelle. I just wanted to, so I think last time we talked about S-25, I then sent you a document that had all the different advertising language. And I just wanted to check to make sure y'all had that. So if David wanted to comment on the language that you're proposing, Senator Sears, it is in that. And if you don't have it, I can resend it to you and I'll send- Probably be better off to resend it right now because trying to find anything on my iPad while resuming and some people only have funds. Sure, I'll email it to you right now. I don't email it also to Peggy through Peggy can post it. And I made you co-host, Michelle, if you want to share. I'm good, I don't want to, sorry, I didn't mean to interrupt David. I just want to make sure y'all have language if he was going to comment on it. Right, so I don't have it yet, but we will. The power of Zoom, I can't believe the email we get just while we take an hour off to do the midi work. Go ahead, David, I think you know that. Sure, yeah, thank you, Senator. What I'll do is I'll give you the headline, give a brief overview of the law. I won't go into great detail in it, although I'm happy to answer more questions about it and then answer questions generally. You know, our brief headline is that we do believe that the version has passed by the House Government Operations Committee is something that we'd be on fairly solid ground, defending if it were to become the subject of a lawsuit down the road. I did consult with our solicitor general who deals with First Amendment issues more often than I do. And we did go through those proposals and did talk a bit about the applicable law. The committee does know I think and should know that everything in this area is a little bit murky given the unusual status of the law in this case. We are dealing with something that's legal on the state level or will shortly be legal on the state level and is illegal on the federal level, which makes everything a little bit less certain. But the general analysis that's used when you're talking about commercial speech in the United States is something called the Central Hudson Test. It lays out the groundwork by which courts analyze whether commercial speech is protected under the First Amendment or whether it can be limited, lawfully limited. The Central Hudson Test has four prongs. The first prong of that test is whether it concerns, whether the speech concerns lawful activity and is not misleading. And that's not actually a First Amendment inquiry. It's more just an inquiry about the nature of the speech and what it's addressing and how it's addressing it. After you pass that first prong, so in other words, if you're talking about unlawful activity or if the speech is talking about things in a misleading or untruthful way, then it can be banned. There's no First Amendment protection at all. But let's say we pass those two tests. It is lawful activity and it is not misleading. Then we go into a classic First Amendment balancing test, kind of mid-level review. And the next three prongs are whether the asserted governmental interest is substantial, whether the regulation directly advances that governmental interest and whether the regulation is not more extensive than is necessary to serve that interest. And those are the issues we look at in deciding whether speech is, or a court will look at deciding whether speech can lawfully be regulated and the extent to which it can lawfully be regulated. Turning to the House Government Operations Proposal, which hopefully the committee will have or does have in front of it shortly. We looked through the prongs here and there's two things to think about. One is just applying the central Hudson factors to these prongs. And the second is the broader issue about whether the central Hudson tests will apply at all. I'll go through the first one first, which is let's look at these prongs and think about how the central Hudson test applies.  Again, I am happy to sort of look into answer specific questions about specific prongs. But I would say that as we look through this, certainly it's lawful to outlaw speech or the banned speech that's deceptive, false or misleading. That's that first central Hudson test prong. We think that it's certainly a defensible position to say that you can limit advertising regarding overconsumption that promotes overconsumption. We think it is defensible under the central Hudson prongs to say that we shouldn't be representing that the use of cannabis has curative effects, especially in the commercial, that we're talking about non-medical here, we're talking about commercial sales, retail sales. We think that that is something that there is a governmental interest in not allowing for those types of representations to be made and that this advances that interest in a sufficiently narrowly tailored. Again, offering a prize or award for purchasing cannabis or something like that. Again, we're trying not to have this product which does have concerns about its health effects be overly, be promoted in ways that feel improper and may promote overconsumption. We think that's in line with that concept and similar with the offering of free samples. Depicting a person under 21, clearly the government has an interest in preventing the consumption by young people. The health issues on that are very well documented. Same with number seven, appealing to a person's under 21. The subsection C in this proposal, regarding the percentage of the audience that's reasonably expected to be under 21 years of age. I understand that that is borrowed from Colorado regulations. The percentage is slightly different. I'm not sure if the percentage as a practical matter is gonna make a huge amount of difference in terms of how the analysis plays out. But again, this is clearly something that relates to not preventing consumption by young people, which in which I think it could clearly be demonstrated to a court that there is a strong governmental interest in preventing that. And same with having warnings be on the labels. That's something that's also allowable. In terms of subsection E submitting the board to the board, proposals for advertising prior to the dissemination of the advertisement. Normally in First Amendment law, this sort of prior restraint, in other words, allowing the government or having the government look at speech before it's given. Normally that's quite disfavored. But in the commercial speech world, it is allowable. And I would say the circuit law isn't, the law as it's been developed has not been especially clearly developed on this. But the central Hudson case itself contemplates the idea that prior restraint that this type of prior restraint, prior approval is allowable. So clearly the precedent is there to support something like this. So that's a brief rundown through the provisions. Again, we feel comfortable defending this in court if it should get there. The overarching question is, does the central Hudson test apply at all? In other words, because this is illegal under federal law, does that mean that the first prong of the central Hudson test doesn't even get passed? And essentially that would give Vermont carte blanche an open field to ban as much as they want or limit as strictly as they want to limit. And I think that is an open question. There have been two cases recently, one in Montana, one in Washington state. They came down on opposite sides of this question. But we certainly, it is our read of the law that we are in a more secure legal position to limit as opposed to ban commercial speech related to cannabis. And it would be, we are more comfortable going into court defending a limitation as opposed to defending a ban. So given that analysis, again, going back to the headline here, we believe that this is fine language. We are ready to defend it if it should come to that. I will note for the court, I did reach out actually to some colleagues in Colorado who have worked on the Colorado regulations which do contain the percentage limitation just to learn how that's been working in practice. And the reality is that there really haven't been many lawsuits brought up in Colorado at all on this. Basically the retailers and other folks involved in the industry have accepted the regulations and moved forward within them without challenging them. There was a challenge early on in back in, I think, 2015 or 16 that came from publishers and they challenged the advertising limitations in federal court. Those were thrown out for lack of standing. So the merits of the issue whether or not in fact these did have First Amendment implications and what they were, those were never decided by the court. And none of the retailers, none of the folks who would have had standing under that ruling or at least the court indicated probably would have had standing under that ruling. Nobody ever seems to have brought a case. And I think what I've understood from my colleagues out there is that the industry seems to have accepted the regulations and decided that it was a better thing just to work within them as opposed to try to go to court and risk an opinion that was adverse and sort of the unpredictable outcomes that come from those sorts of court battles. I do have one question, David. In the House version F, the board may charge and collect fees for review of advertisements. That's a little odd. I'm not sure that's, I don't know where else would we do something like that? Do we charge mattress companies for a final liquidation sale that isn't really a final liquidation sale? In terms of speaking to this, just from- How many times have you seen on a wallet of mattress company a final liquidation sale that's gone on for 27 years? I don't- Do we charge a fee for that? I don't think I have seen that example in particular. Speaking to this from the First Amendment analysis, I'm not sure that this actually fits in neatly with that. I think that the state has- I think that in considering an amendment, I think we should take out F. And Senator, certainly we would have no, I think we would have no position on that really. I don't think that implicates the First Amendment issues one way or the other. I think that's more about what the state has the power to do in terms of imposing fees on people who are, certainly in other instances, the state does impose fees for regulatory reviews. That's fairly common. So I don't think that that has any real First Amendment implication, but I understand there might be other policy issues that the committee wants to consider on that. What I'd like to do is next Tuesday, consider them not next Tuesday, obviously, be the 9th of March. We would consider amendments on Tuesday, the 9th, we shall, to the bill. We've obviously had a number proposed and we can let people in if we have questions that are amendments, but I, other witnesses who may want to, and we can talk about that, Peggy, but it's more marked up of amendments to the bill. That's really fine. So we can move it along. It's gonna have to go to finance anyways, or appropriations, or bills. I wish it would go to aggregate. So any questions for David? Senator, I just wanted to make, if there, if this is okay, I want to make one other very quick point about what I get in stance here, which is that, as I mentioned, our office is more comfortable and feels like we're on more solid ground, defending a limitation as opposed to a ban. The other thing I just wanted to point out about that is that if we end up getting into a legal argument about whether specific provisions within this statute do or do not withstand First Amendment scrutiny, it may be that one or two of them get struck down, but it's likely that at least several, if not most of these, we do believe will be upheld. So it leaves the state in a more protected position to be arguing about a set of limitations. By contrast, if we are arguing about an absolute ban, and the absolute ban were to be struck down by the courts, there would be no limitation remaining on advertising for the cannabis industry, and that we believe would leave the state in a much worse position with respect to the various public health and public safety concerns that are trying to be addressed by limiting advertising. So that's another reason why we believe it's a better position for us to be and to be defending a limitation, a set of limitations. That's basically why we refuse to adopt the House version, the House amended version that had been amended before by the Donnie movement, because we felt that it put us in a really bad position. Can't remember what was in the governor's non-signing letter, you can call it another one. Thank you, David. Thank you. Appreciate your being here. Next, we'll go to an old friend who used to be here very often, back when we were eating, meeting non-COVID style in the State House, Taylor Nash, welcome back. Hey everybody. How are you? Nice to see you. Good, nice to see you all. I'm glad that I was finally able to take part in this committee with some actual concrete title rather than just this ambiguous student activist role that I seem to have been in for the past couple of years. Do you have somebody else with you today? Yeah, Blaine, she was having trouble with the link, but she should be part of it now. And she I think is gonna lead our testimony off. Okay, let me, I'm finding my agenda. Yeah, Blaine, so while we're waiting for Blaine to jump in. So what is your actual title? I am a public policy and research analyst for the Racial Equity, Inclusion and Belonging Department for the city of Burlington. Say that three times fast. No, I can't even say what's fast.  Yeah, are you surprised? Yes. No, of course not. Used to do research for this committee. Absolutely, any allies and things. So if you wanted to introduce, I think you know everybody on the committee, Skyler, maybe you can introduce your. No, this is, this is Blaine, my partner in crime at the REIB department in the city of Burlington, but also somebody that keeps me in check on a daily basis from just the way that I acted up with you all. And so, you know, we wanted to come here today. I did get excited and telling her that we were going to be testifying in my home committee today. So, you know, everybody be nice to her because I've been talking you all up for the past couple of days. So maybe you could just briefly update us on your, the role that I wasn't aware that Burlington had there's like what do you include in the belonging office and that there were policy research analysts. Either one of you tell us a little bit about this position. Yeah, well Mayor Weinberger created the position by appointing our director, Taisha Green, a year ago now, which seems kind of crazy to think about. And then our two positions were added and we were subsequently hired. And so we really in our department focus on policy. We've done a few programs in terms of BIPOC grants related to COVID relief for small businesses and organizations. But mostly we're focusing on policy, whether that's creating new policies to center racial equity in city departments and policies and practices or fixing ones that exist and are kind of missing the mark. So that's included, you know, cultural organizational cultural analysis, you know, policy proposals around procurement equity, housing equity, basically making sure that we are kind of the hub in the city for generating race-centered policies and practices. So I think, you know, something that we're really proud of and thankful for the mayor and the city council leading on and hoping to kind of make our mark here statewide as well. Hey, well, you're here just flying on that 25. Belen, you want to lead off or? Yeah, I'll go. Hi everyone, thank you for having me. I'm Belen and Tensea Skyler said we are partners in crime and we have reflecting roles. I'm also a public policy and research analyst for the city of Burlington's racial equity inclusion and belonging office. We're really starting off with the general to continue on a conversation you all had a little earlier around where is the language on race specifically in this bill? And I think that we would kind of echo that having race-specific language helps us actually reduce the harm that has been inflicted by marijuana drug laws. So where our first argument here is that nowhere in the bill do we directly address that Black and also some Brown communities have been disproportionately harmed by marijuana laws. And therefore we should be repairing that harm through this bill by including race-specific language. I think you're right. This is our meeting. Equity groups. Am I back? Yeah. Kind of. Okay. Okay. Well, if I do cut out Skyler, you can take over for me. Okay. This is not a good ad for Burlington Telecom. I know. We'll do something about that next. Go ahead if you can. Yeah. So we're just going to echo the argument that we should have race-specific policies in here and to continue on that as well as understanding that Black and Brown communities, but specifically Black communities have been harmed by this bill. We have members being taken out of Black communities through incarceration from drug policies and drug laws that we have. And those communities are then being harmed and still being harmed as we phase out of a state in which marijuana is illegal. So those communities as well need to kind of experience that repair that can come from the revenues from this bill. So that's our second argument here, is we're hoping that there's something in here that can address the harm of the communities themselves and addressing perhaps tax revenue going back into Black and Brown communities across Vermont. Can I, one of the confusions I have is there's Mark Hughes introduced an amendment today as did last week, Senator Rahm. And so as the committee tries to put this bill together, other specific things in either of those amendments if you're familiar with them that you would like us to consider or do you have amendments of your own? Yeah, if I may, I think on page three in the definitions, let me pull this up. Which version are we looking at? Let me see. And I'm specifically speaking on, let's see. Mark had introduced his amendment. Yeah, so we have, let me see. Page three, we go into talking about the cannabis social equity programs and the definitions that we use. And I think specifically there, we need to define what we mean by these groups that are historically disproportionately harmed by marijuana drug loss. And in research, both in Vermont, in Chinatown County, in Burlington, but across the nation, we see that that group is specifically Black people and adjacent also some other BIPOC communities. And that needs to be specifically put into this bill if we want to repair any of the harm that has been done in the past several decades. Senator White. Can I just ask a question about, because I think in Vermont, another group that was disproportionately affected was poor rural kids. And I think we need to address that also. Senator Benning. Good morning to you both. I'm wondering, if Phillip had brought up earlier the fact that race was absent from the document and the more I thought about it, I thought that is actually probably a very smart way of proceeding here because I don't know if anybody's done any research, but if you put the word race into or any particular race into the equation, I don't know if anybody's done any research on the Equal Protection Clause of the Constitution and how that might apply. I know that there are large areas of the state that have an extremely small BIPOC community. And yet there have been people in those areas who have been affected by being arrested for this. And I'm not sure how to resolve that with language that doesn't run us afoul somehow or provide an excuse for this bill to be voted down. So I just want to make sure if there's research out there that has yet to be done about the Equal Protection Clause and how it would apply, I would hope that somebody would follow up on that. We've kind of interrupted your testimony and gone afoul, which is something we often do. But if you have any thoughts on that, and I think the line is frozen or unfrozen now, and she's having a hard time with the technical difficulties. Thanks, Senator. Oh, I was just going to say, I think she may be frozen, but what I would say to that is, I think it's something to ask a question about. I think our position in the RAIB department in the city is that too often when we cast this wide net without being surgical about intention, sometimes we can miss that mark. And I think Senator Baruch brought this up earlier is that if our intention is to help and aid and be repetitive towards black and brown communities, BIPOC communities that history has shown us unless we name that and are extremely intentional about that, it generally doesn't happen when we try to cast this wide net to serve all of those purposes at the same time. I just want to make sure, Skylers, you've now identified yourself as somebody who's performing research. I'm sending out the challenge. I'd love to see the research and just make sure we're not providing some kind of a stumbling block. And I'm not trying to suggest that I would vote against the bill if you went with that suggested addition. I'm trying to make sure that we cover all bases moving forward. No, you bring up a good point. You bring up a really good point. Senator Baruch. I mean, maybe I'm missing something here, but we've had grant programs from minority-owned businesses for how long, you know, like 50 years. It's hard for me to imagine that if we were to do a similar thing here, we would be in any kind of legal danger. So I take the point, I guess, that there might be some House members or some Senate members who might be less likely to vote for the bill if it mentions race or uses race-specific language, but I would just echo Skylers' point. If, for instance, Representative Chiena's bill, I read through that there's no mention of race. You could wind up with a program that ultimately puts out $10 million in funds and then find out that 1% of that went to the BIPOC community, at which point we would say, oh, dopey us, we should have cast our net in a much narrower fashion. So, you know, this is not breaking any kind of new ground or, you know, I thought that is what we were engaged in is trying to target people who had been targeted. Well, there have been challenges on quotas in universities, and so if you set up a quota, I don't see this as setting up a quota. This is setting up a grant program that would be available, just as we just did up, correct me if I got the wrong number, $10 million grant to women and minority-owned businesses. Right. Well, I just wanna make sure, guys, my name is at the very first list of names on this bill. What's your name, Benning? That's right, but I wanna make sure I can cover all my bases and say we've managed to delve into this question. The clause in the constitution is pretty specific. I don't want it to become a stumbling block somehow. So, Skyler, I'm anxious to see your new research skills. I will just mention quota system is where Senator White is. So I appreciate, Skyler, your comment about being surgical about this instead of casting too broad a net, but I do really believe that we need to make sure that I believe that a disproportionately impacted community in Vermont was poor rural kids. And if we don't say that, I mean, that's pretty surgical, but I don't suppose we need to say poor rural kids, but those in many communities, those were the significantly impacted people. Well, I think you say that by saying something about race, but you also say something about those disproportionately affected populations, including. If I could, Senator Sears, I think that Senator White, that's a great point. And I think that that's something we can't lose sight of particularly. There's this national movement where like, there's no argument that nationally and comprehensively, it's been the BIPOC community that is predominantly, but we also have to remain specific to Vermont. And so that's a good point. I guess my last kind of comment on this would be that if we're taking up this bill in recognition that systemic racism has contributed to causing this problem, that tells us how surgical we need to be in terms of putting constraints on that system to actually fix it, because if we leave the system to fix the problem without those constraints, then that systemic racism is going to continue to go up even when our good intentions to solve that problem without those constraints in direction, I guess would be a better word than constraints. Are we back in anything else? I think Blaine might be frozen again. I think unfortunately she is frozen and it does say a lot about Burlington Telecom. I can just bring up her last point. And it kind of goes along with this general conversation that we're having, which is that oftentimes it can be really hard and uncomfortable to get specific when talking about these things, rather than saying marginalized, it's much easier to say and give preference to marginalized communities, social equity, rather than being specific in our language and saying black people, but that as we move forward in this movement that we can't shy away from naming who we're actually trying to help with these things, whether it's cannabis, whether it's sentencing reform that let's get in the habit of being really specific and taking on that challenge of being specific and saying black people, black and brown people, BIPOC people, rather than generalized terms like marginalized communities, because it's not in every case, all marginalized communities that have been harmed by these drug laws surrounding cannabis. And so I think along with this ongoing conversation that in a lot of ways, the way that this bill reads, we're not necessarily seeking to provide racial equity. And so if that's what we really wanna do, then we should be specific about that. I think Blaine's back. Yeah. I hope you can hear me. I have nothing to add on Skyler's point. That was exactly the point I was trying to make. Thanks, Skyler. Senator White. I don't know how in detail we wanna be around parameters here, but what we heard from, I just got done interviewing people who have applied to be on the cannabis control board. And what we heard from almost all of them, and they were an amazing group of people for the most part that had done a lot of research and knew what was happening around the country. And one of the things that we heard was that most of the states, the social equity provision of their law or their rules was really sounded great and was good, but the implementation sucked. Excuse me, that's a technical term. And then what they found in some cases were that corporations or companies had set themselves up and then nominally named a person of color or a woman as the owner or the head of it without it being that being really true. And so I don't know how specific we need to be about the parameters and what the details are, but we need to be aware of that when we implement the policies. I agree with Senator White. If I could, I've got three other things that I just wanna bring up. Yeah, please. So when we're talking about the licenses, I think a recommendation that we would have is that we want to, you'll notice a trend here in our recommendations, ensure that a few percentage of the licenses go to black people that were specifically targeted by the criminal justice system with both local and federal bills. And a part of this, I think earlier, might be a little bit harder to accomplish in a good way because as we're moving forward on this, we're also moving forward with trying to expunge and seal records that have come about as a result of the criminalization of cannabis, right? And so then alongside of that, it might also be harder to find people, black people, any people that have been specifically harmed by the criminalization of cannabis, but it is still something to keep in mind as we move forward in terms of licenses. And then also with the low interest rate loans, we would recommend that for some period of time that the loans be interest free, whether that would be for a period of a year or two years before then introducing that fixed low rate on the loans. The only problem with everything having to do with money, there's no income right now because there's nothing, we don't even have the board established. Senator White, I think made the recommendation that we may look at appropriation similar to what we're doing to try to set up the board. We're pre-funding. So you would almost have to pre-fund in order to get it going because there is no income right now. I would add another, I think limiting to all of our drug laws were aimed at certain years. Not just cannabis, but all the drug laws. And if you look historically, I don't want to limit it to just those impacted by cannabis laws. I mean, there's evidence that Senator White will not like the term hippie, but we have the recordings of President Nixon deciding to go after a certain group. Politically was politically popular to go after that group and not the U.S. marijuana back in the day. So I think you have the evidence, it wasn't just that. So, and that included racial component of all of those laws. Certainly they go after certainly black musicians or one group that certainly get targeted. I can remember that group. Can't think of the guy's name, he was a drummer. They went after him, specifically on drugs. I wish my memory were better on some of these. Do you remember? Who, me? No, you don't remember. Anybody who's eligible for it. I could research it. I could research shots right now. Maybe you should research seriously the music industry back in the 60s and how biased some of the work, what the persons of color particularly were. Well, there were a lot of rhythm and blues people out of the South that were targeted. I think Robert Johnson and Led Belly and a whole bunch of people were. No, there were also groups that I can remember that I was familiar with out of Roxbury, Mass. Yeah, we lived there. All right, anything else? Skyler or Baylor? That concludes our prepared points, but I'm always willing to continue to go back and forth and answer any questions related or otherwise. How's things at the university? I wouldn't know. I haven't been on campus in months. Don't ask, don't tell. Although I would say that you've been picking on Burlington Telecom. I am a Burlington Telecom customer and I have not frozen one time here. And that's not to throw Blaine under the bus, but more to support our local utility. Okay. Well, for full disclosure, I'm on Burlington Telecom too, right now. So we're at two thirds efficacy. Well, it may be that Blaine lives in the middle of the street. I was told seriously, think about craziness of our public communications industry. I was told that I couldn't get, at the time it was AT&T internet because I lived in the middle of my street, if I was on one end or the other, the service was good enough for that. Even though they had sent me an offer and I had already paid for the offer. And that's how I ended up with Comcast, internet provider. So you may live in the middle of the street not on one under the other. I still don't know if that was true or not, but that's what they told me. Can I comment on something Blaine said? Yeah. We often hear people talk about colleagues or coworkers or whatever, but you use the term reflecting roles. And I just love that because it just, it was like there's a mirror here and we're both doing it. I've never heard that before and I liked it. I'm glad, thank you. I think, no, go ahead. No, I'm just gonna thank you both for being here and I'm sorry about the technical difficulties. Oh, thank you for having us. Yeah. I think the technical difficulties are on my side. And I actually, I do have Comcast. So. Oh, wow. Wow. So Burlington telecom on in the bus quite, yeah. Should have had Burlington telecom. I know. I'll give Comcast a call after this. Well, anything else? Michelle, can you join us for a moment? You're still here. Maybe she's fixing her bike. She had burst pipes in her basement. Oh, geez. She had what? Her basement pipes first. She had a plumber coming at some time and the plumber may be here now. What I would like to do is next Tuesday, take this up again and start to go through. This is Tuesday the ninth, not next Tuesday. Tuesday the ninth and go through some of the amendments. In the meantime, Senator, oh, there's Michelle. In the meantime, Senator White has an amendment from the government operations committee or will have. We, we are going to spend Friday focusing on this. So we will have something for you by Tuesday. What we need to do is I've already alerted people that this needs to go to finance appropriations anyway. So we may, do you want to take the bill, Senator White, or do you want to incorporate government on? No, I don't. I think that that's, I mean, I wish the bill would go to, I really wish the bill would go to agriculture. I asked Senator Starr yesterday and he indicated he did not want it. Well, so we're going to do it Friday and Tuesday. So we may have not finalized by Tuesday morning. I thought Jeffrey brought up a good point about, you said, I'd like to see the amendment that we passed in the Senate on earnings. About what? Here, current use. Oh yeah, yeah. Because that is, that does become a problem for those who want to use their own farmland that's currently in current use for a larger plot.  It occurs to me that this may be the first time that I've spent time with you all without either a suit jacket or a tie. And so I don't want you to think that I, that you're, you know, you all have lowered in importance at all or an esteem and I mind that just occurred to me and now I'm feeling really bad. So I don't believe that. Although Senator Benning, I believe said that. You're ears must have been ringing, Skyler, because I was commenting yesterday when I learned that you were coming, I said, I don't know where that man gets his suits. I'd love to find out. I appreciate, well, after we, you know, we can all go shopping once that this COVID crisis is over because, you know, you can never have too many of them and I got to make sure that I have a fresh one for the next time I show up for you all. I just said you went to form a Senator McNeil store down in Brooklyn. And you might invite Clarence Davis too because I've never seen anybody dress like Clarence. Well, I try to take a, he sets the bar for me. Oh, okay. He's the pacer buddy. So getting back to, thank you Skyler for that paid announcement. Let me get out of your ways. I'm causing trouble. No, no, no, no, no, you're not. Just, I'm trying to think of what, so anyway, if you can resurrect that amendment on current use. I don't know how to deal with the agriculture parts. I really don't. I think they've made great points and I'd like to build them in. So can I ask a question about the current use? What you just said about, you wanted an amendment on current use? Yeah, we had a provision in S54. I think Senator Pearson put in regarding current use and it was a larger amount or maybe it's something we offered on the floor. I mean, Senator Pearson was the one who pushed it and it would have allowed, Jeffrey brought it up in his testimony or maybe it was Graham. I don't know which. Regarding the limited size, the thousand square foot size for current use was problematic for many of the growers and I've wanted to go at least look at what we had put in S54. It may have been a floor amendment from Senator Pearson or from agriculture. I can't remember. I think what it was, is it was just in the back and forth negotiation during the conference committee on current use because the discussion of current use didn't come in until it was in ways and means on the house side. And so your debate for conference was around how much could be in current use the house was opposed to taking in to doing current, to taking, I guess they didn't want to lose the tax revenue. And so I think what you guys settled on was that a thousand square feet or less could apply. It doesn't take, so if you have a thousand square feet and it's on a track of 20 acres that is in current use it only takes that small plot out of current use. It doesn't take the whole crop. It doesn't take the whole acreage out. So I can go back and see and I talked to Senator Pearson about what you wanted. Yeah, we did talk to Senator Pearson about what we really wanted. I think we wanted to not have any impact on current use. Okay. So if it's already in current use you don't want it to come out of current use no matter how big the field is. Okay. I think that was where we were at. You're right. Probably negotiation. Right. And then what, and is there, other than the current use issue is there anything else you need to take? Well, I think we have to. Can I throw out the idea that I think that they had a good point about the difference between in and outdoor and that somehow the regulations are, seem to be the same. So if you're producing indoors you can produce four crops a year. If you're producing outdoors you can only produce one crop a year. But so the size, if we're putting some kind of a product cap on at all we need to differentiate between in and out. I don't know where we go with that. And the other issue that they brought up was making an agricultural product. I don't think that'll fly at all because of the no regulations around grow they don't comply with zoning or anything and don't pay any sales tax on any equipment for agricultural products. So I don't think that will fly. Jeanette, why would we get into a conversation about indoor versus outdoor when technically that would be in my eyes a rule that's developed by the board? Yeah, I'm fine having it be a rule because I think there's a lot of this that should be rule that's developed. Well, we can direct the board to develop size. You did. Yeah, we did. Okay, well. I'm fine with that. Well, all right. Well, we'll pick up a week from Tuesday. So is there anything, I mean, I'll be with the Senate government operations as they do their work and Senator White, you guys are gonna take up. We're not gonna do it this afternoon. Yeah, they'll just not wait. But tomorrow starting about 1.30, that's all we'll do. And the topics that you're gonna focus on? Well, I thought that the vote, the issues around if there's issues around the board, Senator Rahm's amendment and the committee wanted to hear the 2% bill that just got sent to finance. They just wanted to hear. Okay, so can you have that? Do you wanna have an Nthia in on that? Sure, and we'll deal with those issues and then continue them on next Tuesday. Okay, but Senator Sears, you're gonna keep the social equity discussion in judiciary, right? And so we'll just come back to your language that's in S25 and talk about if you wanna make any tweaks to that or... Well, I'd like to incorporate as much of the views amendment as possible. So I would say that it's gonna need a lot of work and hearings and testimony. There's some pieces there that around... One part of it doesn't have funding. There's, I would just...  So and you might wanna have Senate economic development weigh in because it's ACCD that's in S25. Weigh in because it's ACCD that's gonna be doing the loans and the grants. And so just wanted to mention that. All right, I'm gonna take a 24 hours to think about this. All right, yeah, let me take 24 hours to think about how much can we incorporate. But I like the idea of not being constricted by time. Good luck with that concept. I mean, we're not constricted by time if we don't wanna have something passed out this year. There's no time constriction if we're willing to continue the conversation and not pass it this year. I didn't think Mark's point was well taken that in his groups and the other group's minds, they've already waited a year past where they wanted to be. So if it's at all possible, I would support where I think Dick is going which is trying to get as much of their amendments through this year as we can. That doesn't preclude what Jeanette is saying which is we could continue the rest of it or what we don't have time for next year. Well, the house has time to work on it. If we pass it, the house can expand on it if they're willing. Yeah, but there's also time to continue to work on it because this bill has to go to appropriations and finance. We voted out it automatically goes to appropriation and finance. So that's two stops and that we can after crossover. The question I would have is, given the shape that it's in and the fact that there are some issues in there that I'm not so sure are easily settleable, does Michelle even have time to put it into a format that we could actually vote on? I guess that's a bridge we'll cross when we come to it. I mean, I think in terms of Mr. Hughes proposal, I think you would just need to go through, section by section, line by line, understanding what's in there, what needs further refinement, what are you comfortable with from a policy perspective? You'd want to hear from the banking and the finance folks. I'd probably want to bring David Hall in because that's really his area and that sort of thing. So I can certainly be the GC and kind of figuring out, because I've got the timeline. I don't think it's our expertise to go through the banking and we can deal with it. That's what that proposal is. It's about loans, loans, just loans and grants and how do you determine who's eligible? And that's all for that. This has been a great meeting Peggy and I think we're pretty well finished.