Okay, good morning everyone Welcome to another session Can one of us please start in prayer before we begin Abhishek Can you please lead us in prayer sure? Heavenly Father we come before your throne of grace this morning in the name of mighty name of Jesus Christ as You give us new grace and blessing each morning Lord new opportunities thank you for that Lord and So Father bless our teacher our pastor with the spirit of revelation wisdom knowledge understanding and remove every form of distraction So that this class will go smoothly without any kind of distraction Bless bless each of the student with a listening ear and understanding heart so that we can not only hear but hunger for more of you Lord and Thank you for hearing this prayer in Lord Jesus name. We pray amen. Amen. Amen. Thank you Abhishek alright so We continued yesterday sorry looking at how you know the Holy Spirit continued the outpouring in different places right now Let's do a little bit of a review of what we did yesterday We looked at the Korean revival. We looked at how God Especially in Korea. They saw seasons of revival every two years. There was an outpouring right, which means every two years there was some kind of a move of God where People were convicted. There was turning away of sins. The churches were increasing so Korea saw a large You know church being established in the early 1900s. Then we also looked at Revival in North China and Jonathan go forth a Canadian missionary. He went to Not China and he began to You know evangelize and he became more of an evangelist there and one of the great things we saw in the revival in China was There was already plenty of churches, but this revival brought in New leaders new leaders were formed new pastors new missionaries were sent out to different places So it was a little different kind of a revival and then we saw How God used to older women in their 80s To bring revival in the small island called the Hebrides Island, which is more of a tourist destination, but God put it in these two old women Peggy Smith was blind and Christine who had double arthritis To pray for this small island and they prayed 10 p.m. To 3 a.m. They did that for about three months and God began to move right God began to touch people's lives and Everything else was stopped Buses trains people who are coming even as tourists also experience You know the the move of the Holy Spirit and they all began to flock to the churches and It's interesting to see How wonderfully God, you know put that desire into these old women To pray for revival and this revival from the Hebrides Island went to different places again Then we saw something very unique In the early 1960s known as the hippie age where Rock and Roll sex drugs alcohol You know all of this was very open Very, you know, it was all Everyone accepted it. So this rock and roll the hippie age saw again a Downfall in Christendom in Christian life and but even through that God used this wonderful young couple Charles Smith and Kay To minister among these hippies what started with 25 churches began to grow and there were thousands of churches everywhere now this movement came to be known as the Jesus movement and Because of this movement there's something called as Christian Contemporary worship began right. So when I say Christian contemporary worship, you know Maybe earlier on the early 90s even before that as well. It was just An organ or these wind instruments that people would use during their times of worship, but now Because of the you know, the 60s 70s had no bands Rock bands being formed people were coming out of that culture coming into the knowledge of Jesus Christ and so this movement Made a pathway to contemporary music and so Maronata Singers Jesus culture Keith Green You know, some of you can go ahead to YouTube. I think there are a few videos of Keith Green. It was a wonderful Worship leader. He died at a very young age But God used him to write wonderful wonderful songs. He also came out of these He was in the Jesus movement and then we also see Petra Which is another rock band and so what happened was there was a shift there was a shift in style There was contemporary Worship coming into the church yet Not all was well because some of them Outside the church was saying oh, we are bringing in the you know, the worldly influences into the church We are bringing in all this, you know these rock kind of Music into the church And so many of them did not agree to it did not agree to these movements yet the Holy Spirit was moving and These churches began to grow large churches large fellowships were formed and then we also looked at Asbury College and how the campuses in the campus students were praying and Just maybe about 20 of them were praying in an auditorium and the next thing, you know They could not have classes. There were days continued days of prayer 1500 C to auditorium was completely packed and even after Things got back to normalcy. This auditorium was left open for prayer and intercession and Then the last thing we looked at was David Yongee Cho Who sparked off the Korean revival? And there was a phenomenal growth in his church one of the things we also saw that the In the Korean revival The most important emphasis was prayer and ministry of the word and then out of it flew You know out of it came the healing the miracles the Cell groups and all the you know the media and all of those things but but the main aspect of the Korean revival was Prayer and ministry of the word of God And so we stopped there. We will look at a few more today and then we'll end with some of the key observations now We went from the first century church all the way To the present times now And we saw the Holy Spirit working on different people in different ways Moving Powerfully among people touching many lives So we'll just look at some key observations from what we learned from The first century church to now so before that let's just look at a few more Few more, you know outpouring some revivals that happened now the early 1990s a Man named Rodney Howard Brown was a South African evangelist He came to the USA in early 1980s You began a small revival here. Sorry a small church and Small meetings would happen now during these meetings something unique happened now many of them You know don't Subscribe to this and they feel it's a heresy from God But what Rodney Howard Brown was very, you know, he was very hungry for God he spent many hours praying and all of that and Somewhere in the early 90s 92 the holy laughter Began to break out so people would begin to laugh In their meetings and it was called a laughing revival which happens even now Now there are different Reactions to this like many people in in Christendom said, okay, this is completely of the devil some people said no the Holy Spirit brings joy So there was a mixed reaction But here's the way to Understand, you know the work of the Holy Spirit you always look at the fruit It was their fruit in the ministry Can God bring, you know, holy laughter upon people where they are There's a joy unexplainable. Yes, but what is important is the fruit Right, so Jesus himself said you shall be known by your fruit right So always remember whenever you're looking at, you know ministries or you're listening to them It's the fruit Now when I say fruit, it's not okay not only about, you know, the numbers But it's about what are they teaching? Is it is it in line with the word of God? Is it fruitful to the kingdom of God? Is it fruitful to the people who are there? In the church and so Rodney Howard Brown was desperate for God He would teach the word of God and while teaching people experienced this whole Sense of joy and they began to laugh in the spirit. So this went on for many years even now If you listen to a few of his summons You know towards the end during the ministry time people are you know as either slain and the Holy Spirit or the laughing But here's the thing the teaching of the word is done. There is fruit thousands of people have Accepted Christ many have been healed many have been delivered and so this went on for a couple of years and Very strongly this revival was and then it slowly died down And so the laughing revival was really not accepted by many of them Right, they said this is not right. This is not how the Holy Spirit works But then we saw a move of God, right? This revival went on to The Toronto revival actually what happened was this couple John and Carol are not they came to Listen to Rodney Howard Brown and when they listen to they asked him to pray for them as a couple and then they went back to Toronto and the Toronto Airport Christian Fellowship Church and There was a there was just a small church they invited Rodney Howard Brown to come and preach at times and They invited other people Randy Clark to come and preach and then in Toronto. They began to see a revival people You know were shaking what was about 120 people in attendance quickly quickly became about Every Sunday's attending church There was a move of God People were trembling people were fallen on the floor under the conviction of the Holy Spirit crying speaking in tongues They were overcome by the presence of God It was also said like just like other revivals they You know, they fell on the ground and they wouldn't wake up for a long time because they were under conviction So the prayer meetings eventually kept going on and on there was no break and then by the end of 1995 that's only just one year There were about 600,000 people who visited who visited Toronto during the Toronto revival People from all across the globe came to witness what was happening here again out of this came but new Contemporary churches people who came there went went back to their hometowns started their own church services started their own churches and You know, they they continue to do this this whole thing of contemporary worship contemporary I would say ministry contemporary way of ministry started off during this time so though I would say that the the revival in Toronto was a key in the early 90s because it was the start of a decade and It was a season where People were more open because the hippie movement brought People more open to the work of the Holy Spirit open to different styles of worship. So people were more free during the early 90s and so So we see that the Toronto revival did spark something new for that entire decade. So it was from 1992 to about It went on to about 2002-2003 The Toronto revival kept, you know, when we say revival, it was more of an the outpouring happened So two years three years. It was like Thousands of people coming in and then it would, you know, slowly dampen But then there would be times where God will suddenly the Holy Spirit would suddenly make a move and then there would be, you know Again, thousands of people coming into Christ. So the Toronto revival was powerful and They started Bible colleges Bible schools there And after they started Bible schools thousands of thousands of people began to come to this place to be equipped by the word of God and It was out of this that, you know, Bill Johnson Also was encouraged to continue his ministry strong and we know about Bethel Church and Redding, California known for mostly their, you know worship the way they lead worship and Their Bible school school of ministry and all of that. So even Heidi Baker's ministry, they were all encouraged during this revival All right The mid-2000s Saw something unique in our nation of India right The Shalom revival happened between 2006 to 2007 The Belch revival of the early 1900s reached the Cassie Hills in Shalom Revivals started among the Presbyterian church right, it was not The, you know, the contemporary church or the charismatic church Revival started in the Presbyterian church in Shalom. There was people were engaging in prayer And suddenly there was a visitation of God And about in April 2006 a huge gathering of about 150 people at the Myrang Presbyterian church You know in the afternoon service one like 50,000 people came people continue to pray continue to sing for hours They were under the conviction of the Holy Spirit local churches began to thrive because of what was happening in You know this this place and Miraculously people were converted people who were Living sinful lives mostly people who are into drugs and alcohol Began to just give it up In in a moment and they all came to their families families were restored Children began to you know accept Christ children began to see visions of Jesus People began to see visions of heaven and hell and all of that Regular classes and schools was disrupted the Holy Spirit was moving powerfully among children during that time and and the Shalom revival a very vaguely Remember reading about it About the Shalom revival It was a powerful move of God to say that There was no place in Shalom in the sense that there was no halls Which are auditoriums that could host so many people and so they would You know have these open fields and there would be thousands of people coming to hear the word of God Now the interesting thing is in this revival it was not through one person or a group of people that You know the revival happened They prayed it was almost immediate You know when we look at some places previously that we studied They've been praying for revival. They prayed for two years. They prayed for three years They prayed for five years and then slowly there was an outpouring But here in the Shalom revival. It was just one year Of course the groundwork was done from the time from the early 1900s when the Welsh revival You know the outpouring happened in India, but then this Presbyterian church Leaders just prayed for one year and the next year they saw this outpouring Shalom revival was known for its You know, it's ministry to especially the sick the poor the the orphaned and the drug addicts the alcoholics Scores of people You know were convicted of their sins and they accepted Christ as their personal savior So this is what happened India did see a move of God that Shalom revival went to different parts of the Northeast. I Wouldn't say it came to south when you read more of history on this It was in the Northeast Shalom So it went upwards more But it never really touched towards the south of India But there was a wonderful impact in the northeast of India through this Shalom revival right So we come to an end of all the outpourings and everything that we've studied So What is happening today? When we've studied all of this and we look at the church at the current situation What is what is it that we are seeing? We're seeing that God is moving God there is an outpouring of God there are manifestations of his presence different parts of the world, right? God is using many many Wonderful leaders pastors evangelists To bring healing to bring deliverance to bring You know wonders miracles gifts of the Holy Spirit and all these wonderful things But there's something interesting that we are seeing now In the present outpouring or the present revival that we are in we are seeing God is equipping people to You know impact even every sphere of influence Now if you remember the layman's revival It was more for the working professionals. They were just layman Working professionals were impacted. So the same way even during this time We are stepping into a place current generation. We are stepping into a place where We have we need to make this outpouring and a habitation of God Which means it is a normal thing Science wonders and miracles should be a normal thing in the church and We are coming to that place The working of the gifts of the Holy Spirit should be a normal thing right The move of God a heightened You know revelation of God should be a normal thing in the church right Yet we know that the enemy is always trying to trying his best to bring false doctrines bring false dogma and You know like a lion roaring lion. He wants to devour the children of God Right. So the enemy can bring in You know, it's he's he brings in counterfeit Right. The counterfeit is exactly like the original When you look at it, you can't make out which is the original which is the which is counterfeit It looks the same So the enemy brings in counterfeit Into the church, let me give you this example. I don't know if I've used this example here This is this happened it's a true Story and it's a true if these are true events that happen In two thousand and Think it was two thousand and fifteen odd. I forget the year. Maybe somewhere during that time So we have these How many of you have heard of the word of faith, you know people who just stick to the word, you know, they teach the word every time We have this whole In a group called word of faith movement, right? Now people have you heard of that? How many of you have heard of that the word of faith movement people just stick to the word preach the word Yes, okay So I was I was reading this article And I think there's a video on it also on YouTube Now I'm trying to bring in the counterfeit, right? I'm gonna I'm trying to show you how the enemy can you know distract us When there is an outpouring or how the enemy can distract our minds From the focus of Jesus to put our focus on something else Right now. What happened was there's this whole season Where people began to experience supernatural moves of God, right? So people would see angels people would during the church services would see You know gold dusted material or gold dust falling on them Now I'm not against all of that, right? God can do it God can do it in his way The Holy Spirit can move in his way But what had happened was during one of these Meetings there was this I forget who was that preacher How many of you have heard of Paul washer Paul washer is a wonderful wonderful Teacher and preacher of the word of God Doing a wonderful ministry right now. So and so he was preaching in a church and After preaching in the church, he was talking about how you know, the church has lost its flavor The church is supposed to be Empowered and all of that so he was talking about the power of the church against the enemy after the service Some one elderly woman came up to her came up to him and said I used to you know, be in one of these Won't say contemporary churches, but I used to be in one of these churches was focused more on the you know, the the physical Expressions of the Holy Spirit like you know, the focus was more on that and so he was I leave the name of the church Are named I don't want to name it And the pastor I don't want to name the pastor as well, but here's what happened. She said that Before the service Maybe two hours before the service, right? They would buy cans of gold Dust right you get these decoration dust that you get gold cans Two hours before the service they would go up. They would empty those cans into the AC ducts They'll close the AC ducts and then during the service They would switch on the AC's the AC's will blow out that dust and the dust would fall on people and That was the Holy Spirit This is counterfeit Why did why is all this happening? because We have changed our focus from Jesus and the work of the Holy Spirit to science wonders miracles Right remember we spoke about this in the initial classes as well our heart should our heart and mind should be fixed on Jesus and not on The you know the healings the miracles the work, you know All of that is part of the ministry that God has called us for But it flows out of our knowing in Jesus Right and so the present day outpouring. I'm not saying that it's happening everywhere but these are the things these are counterfeit works of the enemy and I believe that this is one of the reasons why we are not seeing an outpouring in the church worldwide But God is faithful Just because of some of them God is will not withhold the Holy Spirit. He will do what he has called You know what he purposed to do so let's look at a Few observations from what we studied from early 1900s to now Right now, I just want to put this out if you if any of you believe in You know All of you know the gold dust and all of it go ahead. I mean there's nothing wrong God can the Holy Spirit can do it right not saying it's wrong So don't get me don't misunderstand what I'm trying to say the Holy Spirit can do it But We are not to you know, try cheap methods And blow it out of proportion saying it's a work of God right We shall be known by our fruit. So always always Look for the genuine work of God genuine work of the Holy Spirit and Then you will see that God begins to you know, bless the work of our hands there will be wonderful work remember in This side tracking, but I just want to bring this point out Paul is writing to the Corinthians. He says your work will be You know Tested by fire. So there's gold as hey, they're stubble Now when you look at hey, it's it's very big so everyone can see it Golden silver If you test it by fire gold becomes pure you test the silver by fire it becomes pure But if you test hey By fire it becomes ashes So our works are going to be tested by fire It's very important that we that we you know the things that we do are done out of the Holy Spirit out of the empowerment of the Holy Spirit and not From our own flesh, right? Some key observations from what we studied in the timeline, right? First one Reformation I'm on page 61 if you want to track along Reformation revival Restoration missions and church growth Wherever there was an outpouring. There was a reformation Reformation prepares the way for revival right What is reformation reformation or coming back to its original? prepares the way for revival revival Results in the restoration of the church Somewhere along the path when the church when the church has gone astray revival brings it back restores and Everywhere there was an outpouring of God. There was missions. There was church growth Right. So these are common In terms of reformation and revival revival Infuses us with increased measures of God's presence and working Right, especially during revival times. We will have this urge or somewhere You know these times of outpouring. I'm sure some of us may have sensed it I personally have felt it where You know, you have your regular days.  Okay. I'm gonna fast 10 days of 15 days or you know five days whatever But during those five or 10 days didn't those times of fasting and prayer you sense and increased measure of God's presence and you know during that time. Why is it because we are giving him that extra time for God and we're asking God to move Right and there are times when You know, during regular times we try we pray Close our eyes pray. You feel it's one hour.  It's just 10 minutes.  Why? Because there's this the Holy Spirit is working at that time Right Reformation is a discovery and aligning to spiritual truth Restoration lifts the church to a new level Right. So wherever there's restoration the church has gone from one level to another right Another observation we saw from the early church as well is there have been seasons of Global revival. So revival happened in one place. It went to the entire world We seen the first great awakening from America. It touched Europe. It went to Africa went to Asia and touched many parts of the world second great awakening again Went from North America to different parts of the world third great awakening went from England to different parts of the world So we see that the Holy Spirit is not contained in one place He may choose a certain place To start his work But just like how we always say the Holy Spirit is like fire It began to spread to different parts of the world and so So what was happening in one place? replicated in different countries Right Christopher has a question first when you fast for 10 days, how do you do it? No food? Okay Okay, I'll answer that now Christopher in the book of Isaiah talks about the chosen fast Now there are different ways of fasting right you can choose how you want fast that are some of them Who would like to have one meal? at some of them Have two meals just fast one meal. Some of them don't have anything to eat right then there's a There's fasting where people just have fruits right or There's another fast which says which is more of you know, I will not have Non-wedge food. I will just stay on veg food. So The book of Isaiah talks about the chosen fast The reason I brought this out is because the fasting is not so that you know, we can say that I've achieved something The whole point of fasting is that we get closer. There's an intimate Our intimacy with the Lord is increased There are times when we fast for personal needs or for for the church needs So when I personally fast You know, I usually do a 10 or a 12 day fast So I try to do it without food Now there are people in our church also who do this but a lot of them are on medicines now if you are on medicines You, you know, you you have a certain health condition. You're on medicines You're supposed to eat food go ahead and do that, right? Now the wrong thing would be, you know No, I will not eat. God is my healer. Yes, all of that is right But if you're on medicines, the doctor has told you to you know, you got to eat after these medicines or whatever Please follow that because I know of a young man Full of zeal for the Lord and he used to fast Every time and his his you know, his parents would call and say, you know, he's fasting But he's got to have his medicines. He had some problems in his stomach And he's got to have his medicines and so he's fasting now. He's not supposed to be fasting. Can you please tell him? So I would tell him don't do that. I'd have something to eat.  Okay, I did 10 days fasting. It's it's you know, it's about Getting to know God and you can even without fasting and but what happened was he continued on They had to admit him in the hospital. He went through, you know, about One week of intense medication Cause a lot of damage in his body. So God has given us wisdom Right when we are young And we don't have any, you know medications to take go ahead You can probably do full fast or you would have one meal or so you can Uh, but if you're on the medications And if there are elderly folks Wisely make decisions. So Yeah, so but when I fast if some there are sometimes I fast for five days I just have maybe only breakfast or It's 10 days. I try not to have anything. Let's have water Uh, so you can choose However, you want to fast, but most importantly, it's not about taking off something in the list. It's about uh, you know, it's about growing closer to God and Growing closer to the Holy Spirit developing a deeper relationship with God. That's the whole point, right? Now if you if you're fasting and then we keep thinking, oh Uh, man, I wish I could eat this. I wish I could eat that. There's no point of that fasting Might as well eat and then pray and do everything that you have to do. So Uh, so that's why it's the intentions that count. So Yeah, I hope that answers your question, Christopher All right Okay, so we see this Move where God is, you know, the what God is doing in one place It was replicated in different place Uh, different regions and this has been a pattern of God's working In church history. So there will be times when God use God can use worship Right worship times can be Maybe, you know, it happened in our church in APC once where There was this phase I think it was six months in APC where Uh, every now and then The worship would go on for one and a half hours We wouldn't have preaching I forget what year it is but Every now and then so Mostly in the other locations There were times when worship went on for one and a half hours It's straight.  We were doing the worship series at that time. So God uses those seasons To, you know, bring an outpouring there were times during those times. I remember You know, there was this one time we will we were in one of the locations And we began with worship And I was really tired I said, God, I can't do this. Uh, I was like, okay, let's just get done with this half an hour worship Four songs Okay, and so I went up very tired. We began the first song And we just began to sing right nothing Nothing we did were not in fasting and prayer nothing. It's just a regular sunday Came prepared with the songs we began with the songs And, uh, you know in the tiredness I just started to sing And at one moment, uh, you know, uh, I just opened my eyes I felt it was like 10 minutes But we have our morning service at 8 30 and we close at about 10 Uh, I opened my eyes And it was 10 15 Right, so we started at 8 30 And it was 10 15 Nobody stopped me Nobody said, okay, your time is done nothing And for me it felt like it only felt like 10 minutes right Now we know that these kind of seasons are seasons where God is doing something I didn't have to tell the church. Okay church. Come on lift your hands pray Come on lift your hands worship the let's sing together. I didn't have to do anything They did everything on their own the moment I opened my eyes. I saw it's 10 15 And I saw the people they were on their knees crying people were praying people were worshiping God. We didn't feel like stopping Unfortunately the uh, the Kanada service was starting next so we had to end it There will be times when God uses these seasons. He can use worship. He can use the word of God Um, right to just, uh Uh, maybe are so focused on the word. We forget about time. We forget about things that are happening around What normally takes a 40 minute session of four songs? Uh, it felt like just 10 minutes Right, uh, so there there will be we must be tuned to what the Holy Spirit is doing We must capture the essence of what he's flowing with right, uh, there was this other time Uh, I think we were in, uh Ajmer and Rajasthan and we were Having this time of prayer Because pastors all pastors uh from different parts of uh, north india had come and so we were about 300 odd pastors And we said, okay, we'll have I think it was 6 to 10 6 p.m. To 10 p.m. Worship and prayer So we began Just singing songs and uh, it was all hindi songs and not many of us were prepared with hindi songs We were more used to doing the english worship But we had a few songs in mind. We were able to start off with that And we began to sing and then after the You know a couple of songs we saw there was a mighty move of God in that place, you know Everyone were on the ground. They were crying. They were weeping. They were saying God, you know praying for the city praying for the nation. We didn't have to do we didn't have to do anything Right, it was like about 350 pastors all of them crying weeping And then we looked at the time we were way past 12 We were into the midnight just going on praying and So they were during these times Uh, we just got to flow with it Right, uh, don't have to say okay stop. It's you know 10 o'clock. That's all back up and close No, because God is beyond all of those times he if he chooses to Send an outpouring at a time we are to be in tune embrace that you know that flow that he's You know, I remember during that time during that pastors meeting any of them were healed and received healing Blind a few blind men people who had cancer were healed. Nobody prayed for them Nobody prayed for them. We were just praying Praying for pastors praying for churches praying for uh, north india. Nobody prayed for anyone Yet god more people received healing People who were possessed you know, there were people Few of the church members and people from other places also came so Those who were possessed began to manifest during the worship time We didn't say we didn't go and pray. We didn't do anything Why because it we just knew okay. It's an outpouring. God is doing something in this place right Now here's a very important point. We are not to copy methods forms or structures Right, we cannot copy and say okay. This is how they did it. So we will do exactly this way right Now we we there are certain truths that we have to follow by you know, if we want revelation, we have to pray Right, we have to seek god for that. We can't say okay. We're copying them No, but we don't have to copy the way that they did things right The holy spirit may move differently In whichever place we are and so uh embrace the truth the revelation there are spiritual dynamics which you and I need to Embrace and there will be times when the holy spirit is releasing something It may be something new to us You know, but stay on sync with that That was the season again Where you know, we were doing a series on the holy spirit And during that time You know During the preaching time almost all the churches like all our locations all five locations during the preaching time god would give us words of knowledge If we're preaching the word god would give us a prophetic word god would give A word of knowledge or god would give an idea or a thing to do in the future A plan and and so we remember as a pastoral team we used to sit and uh, we all had the same kind of feeling and we were wondering okay God we realized that god is moving in a different way That was a season where god was moving in through times of worship Now god is working through words of knowledge prophetic words Uh for the church. So there were times when uh, I think we even do it now where After the service we will have ministry time when Prophetic words were declared words of knowledge was released people who received healing would come in front and Uh, you know, uh, testify of their healing. So all of these things were happening even happens now. So Uh, so that's so we need to be in sync with what the holy spirit is doing third point Those ignited by revival became carriers of revival Right, we see william caddy. He read about things that happened in admissions and he said I want to go to india and because of what he read You know, he did so much in our nation And so there are many people that way many missionaries who read about others and were sparked with revival and they went Went and uh, you know did a great work. There are even times when Um where people intentionally went to that place To catch that spark of revival and bring it to their hometown now There's something called as impartation Uh impartation Is important But impartation is not the only way Where we can receive, uh, you know an outpouring It's not like, okay, this man great man Praise over me and I don't have to do anything Outpouring or revival will follow me. No, uh Yes being prayed for, uh, you know Preachers and great men of god women of god. It's very important to be prayed by them Yet there is a responsibility that we must do Right of praying and seeking god and then God will begin to have that same kind of outpouring move into our place as well uh Focused intentional pursuit of god paves way for revival Right people did not look for science miracles and wonders They looked at holiness. They looked they pursued righteousness.  They pursued to know god Right, uh, and so because of that Focused intentional pursuit of god brought away of revival yesterday You know, uh, we were talking Briefly, we talked about how intentions are very important Why do we want a revival? Is it to be famous? Or is it so that our church becomes big and then we don't have to worry about other things? So intention is very important And finally the last point Sharing revival stories often ignites revival So the reason we are studying this Is so that god can start a revival a move inside us Right, uh, so the more we read all of this you say hey god God used people This way in the old times he can definitely use us as well So we need to be prayerful and seek god Continue to pursue him for the things ahead. So We come to the end of chapter three chapter three was a long chapter had a lot of things to study on but I I just hope that each one of us have been able to capture the essence of revivals outpourings of god Okay, we've passed our time, but any any of you have any questions any thoughts you want to share? Any questions any thoughts? all right okay, so We'll pick up from next week We go on to look at some of the characteristics of revival and characteristics of people who are Missionaries and reformers So we can learn from that as well. All right. So let's just close in prayer Could one of us please close in prayer Christopher? Can you close in prayer, please? Hey, uh, Shri Kumar if you're there, I think you raised your hand. Yes pastor. I need I just want to know one thing Can I ask? Yes, go ahead I just want to know that one thing like as we learning about how the revival used to start but It it like it never stays for a long time So is it possible pastor like um that revival can stay for a long time like Can it continue? Is it or Or is it the characteristic of a revival that it comes for once and Like it's it will be there for three years four years or you know, and it's just a slow down or Is it also possible that the a like an atmosphere of revival can continuously flow in a church or in a Uh In a place is it possible just that's my question. Thank you. Yes. Thank you. Shri kumar. That's a good question Is it okay shri kumar if we answer this next class because Because you asked me if anyone I think a question. Yeah, yeah, no since it's 9 50 Remember this question. It's uh, we will answer this question next class. Thank you. Uh, can you please close in prayer shri kumar? Sure sure Go ahead Our precious father. We thank you for your honor you for this wonderful day, which are given to us regard Thank you father god for your wisdom and input of father god, which is strengthening us Thank you for the god for the revelation. Thank you lord master Lord master you are equipping us with your word of father god We pray that father every word what we received a father let it deeply rooted in us so that father we should not Lord master miss anything we should not miss our race of father god We should able to finish our race of father god We should able to fight the good fight of faith of father god We could able to finish our assignment Which is on this earth of father god and we pray that father god equip us Equip us oh lord each one of us irrespective of our weaknesses. Let these words strengthen us Let this word lord master remove every blurness of vision which is before us so god let it let it lord energize Oh lord master us so that we can able to achieve that vision which are kept ahead of us as the paul said I have I had a vision and lord master He lived a lord master for that vision of god. He died for that vision of god. He suffered for that vision I pray that father god through this revelation through this lord master input through this knowledge of god Let your vision be given to us so that we can able to focus on your call and we can be a lord master We can be a source of the revival. Thank you for this wonderful time of god. What you've given to us in jesus name. We pray amen Amen, amen. Thank you so much. Thank you everyone. Have a wonderful week ahead. We'll catch up next Monday


for the Lawn Jean Chronoscope, a television journal of the important issues of the hour, brought to you every Monday, Wednesday and Friday. A presentation of the Lawn Jean Wittgenor Watts Company, maker of Lawn Jean, the world's most honored Watts, and Wittgenor, distinguished companion to the world-honored Lawn Jean. Good evening. This is Frank Knight. May I introduce our co-editors for this edition of the Lawn Jean Chronoscope? Mr. William Bradford Huey, author and analyst, and Mr. Henry Haslett, editor of the Freeman and business columnist for Newsweek Magazine. Our distinguished guest for this evening is Ambassador Ernest A. Gross, former United States deputy representative to the United Nations. Mr. Gross, you've just completed four years of splendid service with the United States delegation to the United Nations. So tonight, sir, you're in an excellent position to give our viewers some of your views on particularly whether we're going to have war or peace in our time. First of all, sir, I think that most Americans have been a little bit disillusioned in the last two or three days. Three or four weeks ago we had high hopes for peace, and now with the Communist advancing into Indochina, we're wondering if we haven't had false hopes again. Now, in general, sir, how do you feel about it? Do you think that we have a fair chance of getting peace in Korea? That, I think, involves reading the Communist mind and mentality. I think the famous last words are, I know what the Communists are going to do. They have the key to the solution in their pocket. This is a supreme test of their intentions. I, for one, would not be prepared to guess. I certainly have been making all sorts of professions of peace and protesting peaceful intentions. I believe that if they fail us this time, the consequences would be serious to the extreme. Well, do you think a truce is worth getting? That is to say, do we gain anything by making a truce with a group that have shown themselves to be barbarous and their treatment of our prisoners that have shown themselves unable to keep their word? Why do we gain by a truce if we make it? I think that a truce in Korea would be of tremendous importance. In the first place, the Communists started out to gain the whole of Korea and, in my judgment, that was the first step on the road to Japan and to all of Asia. Now, if we made an armistice, if we could get one on honorable terms, the Communists might break it, of course. Their promises have not proved very worthwhile in the past and anything. But breaking an armistice would be, again, of such serious consequence that I believe that they would think twice before doing it. Well, wouldn't we, meanwhile, have to keep most of our boys over there for fear they were going to break it? My impression is, Mr. Haslitt, that we will continue our efforts to get traditional troop contributions. And you know and I know how disappointed we've all been that there haven't been more troops from more countries. But even if there is an armistice, we'll want more troops from different countries. We've made very vigorous representations on that over the last few years. How big do you think those contributions ought to be? Is there any reason why they shouldn't be, let's say, in proportion to their populations if this is going to be typical of the UN War? Not in accordance with their population. You see, one of the difficulties, Mr. Haslitt, in getting troops from other countries is that our military authorities, by and large, have insisted that when troops are contributed they should be supplied by the country from which they come. And that, of course, in many instances involves dollar expenditures. That is no alibi, no excuse for the fact that there haven't been greater contributions. I hope that there will be many more Asian countries that contribute forces to Korea even if there is an armistice. Well, on that point, sir, on getting Asian countries to contribute forces to a war against communism, our chronoscope audience has heard such people as Ambassador Ben Lehm of South Korea and others who represent those Asian countries. And they seem to imply that if we accept the truth in Korea that it will imply a defeat for our cause and the cause of freedom in Asia and possibly will cause the Asiatic peoples who are anti-communists now to assume an eventual victory for communism. Now, are you saying to us, sir, that if we accept a truth in Korea it's your belief that our friends in Asia will not regard it as a defeat but as a victory for us? Yes, yes. I think that if we do accept a truth, they will not regard it as a defeat. They will regard it as a great victory. In other words, we can accept a truth without dashing the hopes of South Koreans, Japanese, Chinese on Famosa, Filipinos, Pakistanis, the other people who are anti-communist in Asia. So far as the Koreans are concerned, the South Koreans, of course they would be very disappointed if their country were not unified and the whole country made independent. But the United Nations, as they know, did not go into Korea in order to unify the whole country by military means. The United Nations went in there in order to repel an aggression against South Korea. We've never given up in the United Nations the policy of unifying the whole of Korea but not by military means. It might involve a world war and the South Koreans would not benefit by that. How could this be considered a victory for us when we would end on the same line as it began practically? In other words, they would have made this invasion and it would have cost them nothing because they would at least be no worse off than before the invasion. So how would that be considered our victory except a mere, or anything but a mere stalemate? In the first place it cost the Chinese communists over a million lives. That of course may not mean much to them but it means that much of a great deal to Chinese communist families, families or families. But the main point I would make is that they set out, the communists set out to conquer a country and by the grace of our own force and valor of our fighting men, they have not conquered that country. That has been a tremendous victory. Now it would have been much greater victory if we had been able to take all of Korea but that's not what we set out to do and I think this would be regarded in Asia as a great victory. Well, Mr. Gross, since you have served this country under both Truman and Eisenhower administrations in the United Nations you have important observations to make to us about the United Nations and our position there. Now first of all, sir, do you think that our nation is in a stronger position in the United Nations today than it was six months ago? Yes, sir, I do. I feel that we are in a stronger position because I think that we have won a great deal more support in Asia and the Middle East. Not to say Western Europe as well. Then we had six months ago. There's a negative and a positive side to it and I don't want to make a speech about it but on the negative side if you want to call it that the communists have day after day in the United Nations show the true nature and the purposes of their system and it's been pretty much a dramatic process of self-disclosure and I believe that most of our friends understand now what a menace communism is. They didn't a year ago. In your four years in the UN, what about that organization itself? Have you had the feeling that the organization itself now commands more prestige in the world than it did four years ago and justifies more of our hopes? I think so, Mr. Huey, because the strength of the United Nations depends to a great extent on the strength of support which the people of the United States give it. And I would think that the people of the United States, generally speaking now have a faith in our leadership in the United Nations, in the United States delegation to the United Nations and in the purposes of the United Nations. President Eisenhower has made it clear and I think he speaks for most Americans and to the extent that the Americans support the UN to that extent the UN becomes a vital force in the world. Why would this faith in the UN, why would we have turned to NATO and why would there be this sentiment for an Atlantic community and all these other things outside of or apart from the United Nations? Well, it may sound strange to say it this way but I believe that I've worked very closely with NATO in the past. The reason for those organizations is, of course, to protect the United Nations against its enemy. The enemy inside of it. Yes, the enemy inside the gates. Well, does that enemy inside the gates strengthen the organization? The enemy inside the gates does not weaken the organization. Strange as that may seem. The reason is that there's nothing the Soviet Union can do inside the organization that they could not do outside the organization. Doesn't it give them a better sounding board, for example, in their attacks against us? It gives them a sounding board, but mind you, it gives us a wonderful sounding board as well. I'd like to give you an example of that when we were debating the prisoner of war issue. Some months ago, Vyshinski said that the will of the prisoner was the will of the state. Well, you could just see a shutter go around the room. Everybody in that room learned a lesson from one Frank statement by Vyshinski. They reveal themselves. But if we don't match them word for word and idea for idea, it's our fault not theirs. I think we can come out on top in that kind of a match. Mr. Gross, now that the Eisenhower administration has been in 100 days, a great many people around the country are now taking another look at Eisenhower as a president and as a world leader. Do you feel, sir, that his prestige in the world is greater today than it's been at any time in his career? Oh, yes, without any question. It's a great deal of what the communists are now doing. And I hope that they make it more than words. As due to the fact that the president, President Eisenhower, has a tremendous prestige throughout the world. Well, as a final question, Mr. Gross, and this is a hard one, from your long experience with the United Nations and studying the nature of the communist enemy, do you feel that in your lifetime and the lifetime of most Americans now living we may see the eventual defeat of communist totalitarianism in both Asia and Europe? I have faith that we will see the defeat of communism in the world. I think communism cannot survive unless we encourage it to do so. It has the seeds of its own destruction in it. People will not live in slavery any longer than they have to. I believe we must keep the pressure very steadily on them, and I think we can roll them back. Well, thank you, sir, for these statements of yours. The opinions that you've heard our speakers express tonight have been entirely their own. The editorial board for this edition of the Ron Jean Chronoscope was Mr. William Bradford Huey and Mr. Henry Haslett. Our distinguished guest was Ambassador Ernest A. Gross, former United States Deputy Representative to the United Nations. In countless homes, the months of May and June are like a second Christmas season because of the important gifts there are to select for mother, for dad, for a graduate, a bride and groom, for an anniversary or a birthday. Now, for this season, Ron Jean Wittner-Johlers are now showing an unusually fine collection of new, exclusive and exciting styles in Ron Jean watches, and you're invited to see them. For any important occasion, the world's most honored gift is Ron Jean, the world's most honored watch. The only watch in history to win 10 World's Fair Grand Prizes, 28 gold medals, and so many honors for accuracy in fields of precise timing. Whatever your needs in a watch, the name Ron Jean is your assurance of superior performance. Each of these magnificent watches is powered by the famed Ron Jean watch movement built for greater accuracy and longer life through superior workmanship. Remember that throughout the world, no other name on a watch means so much as Ron Jean, the world's most honored watch, the world's most honored gift, premier product of the Ron Jean Wittner Watch Company since 1866, maker of watches of the highest character. We invite you to join us every Monday, Wednesday and Friday evening at this same time for the Ron Jean Chronoscope, the television journal of the important issues of the hour, broadcast on behalf of Ron Jean, the world's most honored watch, and Wittner, distinguished companion for the world-honored Ron Jean. This is Frank Knight reminding you that Ron Jean and Wittner watches are sold and serviced from coast to coast by more than 4,000 leading jewelers who proudly display this emblem, Agency for Ron Jean Wittner Watches. It's absorbing City Hospital on the CBS television network.


Hey, it's Eric Johnson from Airtate Throwers Nation. And in today's video, what we're gonna talk about is getting back to basics, dealing with the beginning thrower, if you're a brand new thrower. And this year we have had a ton of brand new, literally starting from zero young throwers. They don't know how to hold the discus. They have no idea how to hold the shot. They don't have any idea on how the throw works. So, we've introduced them to the throwing chain reaction system. We're breaking down the throw. They're immediately seeing some results. They're understanding what they gotta do. But what we're seeing is what a lot of you beginners out there and coaches coaching young athletes, the tricky hard part of coaching a young athlete, is that they start from zero. Some of those athletes will pick up things a little easier than others. But what you're gonna tend to see is that no matter what, even if they have no bad habits, they have no habits at all. One of the things we're gonna talk about again today is one of the simplest things about how to pivot and understanding the concept of pivoting and an axis. If you're a brand new thrower and we're talking about rotational throws, we're gonna have basically two rotational axes. We're gonna have the axis out of the back of the ring and the axis in the middle of the circle. So what we're gonna do is we break again the throw into the six pillars, right? So we're setting up everything here and we're getting this and now we have axis one. Okay, so that's what we refer to as the entry. That's your pillar two to three. And so learning how to do this is actually a lot trickier. So what we're gonna do is we're gonna talk about that. So whether it's the shot putter, the discus, we want you to understand exactly what goes on with that foot. So here's what we're gonna do. We're gonna make sure that you understand that rule number one is don't do this. We've talked about this in some other videos. That's a big mistake. People try to turn because turning up here is actually easy to rotate on. But you're flexed, you're planter flexed. So when the calf flexes and pushes, it shortens, the muscle contracts. And now it's like trying to sprint off of high feet. You're not gonna be able to generate much speed. So you wanna be able to understand that we stay with the foot low to the ground and we come around because there's what's called a rotational axis. So this is our third grade science. The earth rotates on an axis, right? The line from the poles and the earth spins around that axis. So that line. So we have a line here as well that's from the line from our hip to our ankle. And so if we are turning with the foot up, we have now tilted the axis and now the axis rotates like this. So if I'm throwing the shot and I pick up my foot and I'm here, right? Now some people say, well, why not just get over here because the hips are still falling and I'm still gonna fall in this way. So it's very important to understand that vertical axis and this is things. So if I'm a beginning thrower, what is one of the simple things they can do? Well, we teach 90 degrees, okay? So we move around in 90 and notice what I'm showing you. I'm going to hinge.  We always teach this kind of a motion. So you feel this roll up and this kind of kicking motion. That's our sweep leg kick. That's another drill in our system. What we're gonna do is we're gonna, again, make sure this stays low and this is a very simple way.  So watch, I'll go back to my 360 and I'll be here, okay? Now you're gonna notice my heel will come up a tiny bit. I'm gonna maintain that axis. That's the key. Those are three simple drills and here's the thing that we always talk about. Throwing's unnatural. This stuff takes time and if you're not doing these types of drills in the beginning, especially, you're short changing your athletes. Now, inside the throwing chain reaction system, we talk about how pillar one influences two, three, four, three, four, five, six, et cetera. So that's the big thing that we wanna be able to help you understand and work through. But the first thing is understand that axis and understand how to rotate around it and that's gonna be one of the biggest things to teaching the first axis in the throw and that's gonna help our young throwers learning the rotational shot and the discus to hit big throws faster and throw farther faster. That's always what we want. Remember, sometimes when you're working on technique, things that seem like they're happening slow, maybe if it takes a week, ultimately establishing the right patterns, you're gonna throw a lot farther and that's what we do inside the throwing chain reaction system. We set up a movement, we train it, we show it and then whatever the athlete can't do, we keep bringing it back to the most easiest thing because some athletes will pick up those things easier. You'll assign certain drills to those athletes and some athletes, everything has to be broken down into smaller and smaller bites and that's how you start to determine which direction to go as a coach and as a thrower, really, really important for you as well so that you know how to work on the right things, develop the right technique for long-term development and bigger throws faster. All right guys, thanks so much for watching. We will see you on the next video.


What's going on, everyone? Sam here with Layton Sportsguards. We are ripping a 23 Panini Gold standard football hobby, 6 box, half case break, number 15. Pick your team style. Read off the list of our names and our teams. We've got Christian W, Jags and Chargers, Corey S, Bill's Cardinals, Daniel L Niners, George M Jets, James P, Patriots Eagles, Jeremy S Rams, Joel B Panthers, Joseph S Browns, Justin C Chiefs, Keith B with the Dolphins, Lindsay H Cowboys, Mark A Falcons, Matt M Lyons, Michael S Steelers, Michael G Raiders, Miles H Texans, Nick H with the Ravens, Pascal V with the Bangles and Bucks and the Commanders, Phillip N has the Saints and Titans, Richard P with the Colts, Rory C Giant, Sals C with the Packers, Terry F Broncos, Todd C, Vikings Bears and Troy S with the Seahawks. So good luck here, everybody. Greg with a spot in Flawless, Justin with five spots in Flawless. My lord, dude. What are we down to? Two? Two to go. Geez, man. Two to go. Last two spots of the night. Good god, man. They're nuts, dude.  Absolutely nuts. All right. We've got Desmond Ritter to 75 for the Falcons and Dak to 75 for the Cowboys. Alec Pierce to 49 on the gold gear, two-colored patch. Yeah, he did, Greg. Thank you, buddy. Appreciate it, Greg. That's sir. Red pill fixed car up. Blue pill buying a float. Blue pill, man. Spam blue pill. Nice one here. CJ Stroud. Newly minted to 3.99 on the rookie Jersey. Grats on that Texans. Kenny Pickett, Mother Lude to 2.99. Jersey, Jersey, Jersey, Jersey, Jersey for the Steelers. Got Paris Johnson Jr. to 1.99 for the Cardinals on the rookie auto. Their first rounder. I'd OD on blue. And Michael Wilson to 1.49. Jumbo rookie Jersey auto for the Cardinals. Congrats, Cardinals. All right. Well, we got Jalen Hertz to 2.99. Picked up both of them accidentally. There's Luke Musgrave to 30. To 30. Got a Skymore Goldmine Jersey to 2.99 for the Chiefs. Congrats, Chiefs. Got a DTR. Dorian Thompson Robinson to 3.99 for the Browns. Congrats, Browns. That is going to be a Tyreek Hill to 2.99 for the Dolphins on the Gold Rush Jersey. Followed by Mackay Blackman to 1.99. That is going to the Vikings. Congrats, Minnesota. And Cedric Tillman. Rookie Jewel Jersey auto to 1.49 for the Browns. Congrats, Browns. Okay. Okay. Okay. To 2.24. Sam Howell. That was disgusting when I just saw it, by the way. Darius Davis to 2.99 for the Chargers. What did I do? Pick it up. What do you mean? Come on. Shermade Edmunds to 2.99. That's going to the Bears. That is a Bears card. Bears logo. And he was signed by the Bears on 3.14. 23. We've got a Marvin Mims newly minted rookie Jersey to 3.99 for the Broncos. Rural 2 boxes so far. Well, just wait. Tyreek Hill to 2.99 for the Dolphins. So in there we've got a Brenton Strange to 1.99 for the Jags on the Rookie Auto. Congrats, Jacksonville. There it is. To 10. Rashi Rice. Three color logo laundry tag. That's disgusting. Congrats on that one, KC. Justin C. Good stuff, dude. Good stuff. He is really freaking good, dude. That's three color patch, the logo from the sleeve, or the chest, and then laundry tag. Nice one there. Six of 10 Rashi Rice. We'll get that into a mag. That's nasty. That's so cool, dude. So cool. There, Justin C. Trey Tucker to 24. He makes a standard fee. And Remandre Stevenson to 49 for the Patriots. Is that you, Justin? Khalil Herbert to 2.99. Joe, selling us out on Flawless. Come on, bro. Let's go. Sold out on the night, everybody. Appreciate that. Let's go, dude. Newly minted to 3.99. Sam Laporta. He's not a Dolphins fan. He's a Patriots fan. He's a Patriots fan from Florida who seemingly, shockingly grew up when they were really good. Josh Jacobs to 49. Two color patch for the Raiders. Thank you, Joe L. Selling us out. I appreciate that, my man. My wife's the chief's PC here. That's awesome, though, at Nexium. Let's go, dude. Let's go, Justin. We've got Tyler Algier. Nice. 15 to 49. Good as gold. Three-colored patch auto. Nice one there. Atlanta. And then going to the biking. Jordan Addison. Rick and Jerry's the auto 149. Nice one there. Jordan Addison. He's actually got a pretty decent year. Start off super hot. Yeah, now it's like he's like the guy. Yeah, Kate Dove. Don't forget about KJ Osborn, please. Let's not Sam Hartman better than Cale Williams. Evidently so. Evidently so, Lane. My God, dude. That is JSN to 75. Nice one there. And Brian Robinson, Jr. to 99. Kwame, where are you at? Kwame. Kwame. Want to make sure you stick around. Wondale Robinson to 299. Gold gear for the Giants. Got Tank Bigsby to 399 for the Jaguars. That is a Jonathan Taylor to 299 for the Colts. Nice one there. We got a Luke Schoonmaker. Jumbo RPA to 24 on the Rose Gold. Nice one there for the Cowboys. That's sick. I love these with the patterns on it. That's really nice. That's really nice. And going to Kwame with the Ravens. Our guy, Zay Flowers. 24 of 199. There he is. Let's go, Kwame. Knew we were going to bring you a Ravens hit, buddy. Hell to the yeah. There he is. Zay Tovin. What's up, Zay? What's up, Zay? AJ Brown to 49 for the Eagles. And Damarianne Overshown to 75 for the Cowboys. That is a Hot Rod. Malcolm Rodriguez to 299 for the Lions. We've got Dak to 299. Nice one there for the Cowboys to 299. That is a Redemption of Devon Achane. Going to the Dolphins. Nice one there in the Rookie Auto. That's just going to be the base Rookie Auto, I believe, to 199. Congrats, Bins. Very nice. Dolphins. This is kind of dope. Harry Carson. Nice one there on the Golden Oldies.  My lord. Or I'm going to call him not so Golden Oldie. There you go. Nice one there, Giants. Oh, that is going to drive them nuts, dude. And Stetson Bennett, RPA to 149. Going to the Rams. Congrats on that, Rams. Very nice. Do one thing really quick. Check something. We've got jerseys.  Nice one there, 210 for the Chiefs. That'll do it for the break, guys. Thanks again for the fill. Up next is the next gold standard.


So, the last class and the class before that we were looking at or we are beginning to look at the force development, right. So, that is what we were looking at. It was very clear from a very simple analysis of our free rolling that force development depends upon the deformations in the tread blocks. When we say tread, it includes belt, it is a very loose term that we are using, okay. So, in other words, all that stiffness in the longitudinal direction put together, we call that as a tread or a tread block here, right. Yes, stiffness of the tread is very, very important. You saw what is a tread, that is a tread. Even if it is continuous, it does not matter. It does not matter because we can assume that as if it consists of a number of what we called as bristles, okay. We represented these treads by means of bristles. It does not matter that even if it is a continuous piece. Incidentally, there were some questions in the last class at the end of the last class. Please note that this is the cut section of a tire, right. It is a cut section of the tire, right. And that section when you expand it, you know, it becomes the tire, right. It is big. One of the questions is, it is big. It looks very different from what we see in the cars. Yes, this is not a passenger car tire. It is a truck tire, right. What we are talking about is a truck tire. Passenger car tires are much smaller. Maybe in the next class, we will get the passenger car radial tires. One of the key things that you would have noticed is what is called as the aspect ratio and we will look at the aspect ratio effect on rolling resistance shortly. So, the aspect ratio you know what we mean by aspect ratio, the height to width of the ratio, right. So, this is typically of the order of 50 percent in the passenger car tires. It can be 45. When you go below, you can also go up to 35, 30, then you call these tires as low aspect ratio tires. These are almost one, almost one. So, these tires aspect ratios are much bigger, that these tires in sense, these truck tire aspect ratios are much bigger. So, that is one of the things that I wanted to say. The other thing, other question that was asked is between this, what we called as a rip tire and the luck tire. What is this front axle, rear axle and so on? I skirted it a bit because I wanted to finish this topic and you may understand it more as we go along, especially when we talk about stability and so on. Since there was a question yesterday, so I would answer that question with, you know, in such a fashion that with your knowledge right now, you will be able to understand the answers. Luck tires or I would say grip tires, you know, they have grip. They have what is called grip and hence they are supposed to be used in the rear. Now, what is grip? Why is that the luck tire has grip? Does it really have a grip and what is, what is it that gives this grip and so on? Now, this is a question which you have to answer very carefully. If you go to most of the websites of the tire manufacturers, they would call this rip tire to be the steer axle tires. They would recommend that they would, that you can use this in steer axle and many of them would recommend that the luck tires are used in the drive axle. This is what they would recommend. Is there a difference between the two? It is the first question. They would also add some things like this. Rip tires have steering stability. They would use the word stability. Steering stability is what they would use. And correspondingly, they would suggest that the luck tires are high grip, wet grip tires. Many of them would say it has a good wet grip. All of them, these statements, all these statements and then there would be tires, which I called as hybrid, which is, which they would call as all wheel tires and so on. All of them should be taken with the carrier, with the rider. Basically the most important thing here is this wet grip with a luck tire. Because of the fact that there are channels, if you look at a, if you look at a luck tire, you would see a number of lateral channels for taking or removing water as it goes along. What is called as hydroplaning is avoided in this kind of luck tire. Hydroplaning, here I am using in the sense that there would be a water film that is formed and the friction coefficient reduces and so on, which we will see again in the next couple of classes. So there are channels for the water to be carried and hence the grip is enhanced by that process and hence you would say wet grip is high. Strictly speaking, dry grip is not necessarily higher than a rip tire. In fact, many experiments show that rip tires have good dry grip. Dry grip in sense that when there is no water, no fine sand and so on, then we say that we have a dry grip and the dry grip is actually better in a rip tire because you have lot more rubber that is sitting on the road. Strictly speaking, that is the case. So now, a lot of research going on and there are tires where you have a rip like tire with a lateral groove in order to carry this water and so on. The grooves are very strategically put. I mean, lot of analysis is done. There is a fluid structure interaction analysis done in order to understand how the water flows. These grooves are put so that the water is carried. Usually, the rip tires, there is nothing, there is no rule. I am talking about the usual practice. Usually, rip tires have lesser what is called as the non skid depth. This is called as NST, non skid depth. Non skid depth is this depth, this depth which is in the groove. This is the non skid depth.  That is the non skid depth. So the non skid depth or NSD as it is called is usually for a rip tire lower than that of the luck tire. This is usual practice. In other words, again under most instances, rip tires have much less rubber mass when compared to the luck tire. Basically, because of the fact that this is being used in drive axle, because of the fact that the wear rates are higher, they use it in the and they want it for a higher mileage and they use lot more rubber there. Because of the fact that these tires have less rubber and because of this kind of construction, usually the rip tires have much or less rolling resistance and their noise characteristics are much better, much much better. Rolling resistance is slightly you know here and there. You cannot make a statement out of it. Why I am being very careful in making the statements is because all these statements are maybe in variance when you have different non skid depths. In other words, you have to compare apples and apples. If one tire has worn out more and the other tire has not worn out, then these sentences are not valid and so on. So, you have to be very careful in these sentences and hence all these things you have to understand it with that theoretical background. Clear? This was the noises concerned again. The rip tires have much better noise characteristics when compared to the luck tire. I would not have, that is another course I cannot, I would not be able to go into the noise aspects. But now the let us just understand that the noise levels of a luck tire is much higher than the rip tire. The decibel scale can be as high as 4 to 5 dp. What is noise? What do I mean by noise? Obviously all of us have stood near a truck. Do you hear the noise as it goes? I passed you. Now there are number of sources of noise in a vehicle and one of the major source of noise, especially what is called as pass by noise, as it passes by you will hear that noise is from the tire. We will sort of indicate this towards the end of the course. So, it is the noise generated from the tire is what we are talking about. We will indicate may be a half a class what we mean by noise towards the end of the course, but it is a separate topic by itself. You have a question? Yes, that is exactly what I am saying that what are the tires used in, there are two things here. What we are talking about in those kind of trucks? We have drive axles, we have dummy axle, dummy axle and we have what is called as a steer axle. These are the three different types of axles you have. So, the first rule is that especially in Indian conditions, unfortunately many people mix tires. For example, they would put a nylon, nylon is a loose colloquial term for bias tires. So, they will put a bias tires and they would mix it with what is called as the radial tires. It is a usual practice to put bias tires in the front and the radial tires at the rear. In other words, rip tires are still not very popular in especially in the Indian market. They usually put a bias tire in the front basically because rip tires are extremely sensitive to the camber of the vehicle and as well as the tow. Tow and camber has a large effect on the tire performance and in fact the vehicle parameters as we would call suspension parameters such as tow and camber as well as what is called as the axis of thrust which we will define later. These things have an important effect on the wear of this rip tires and these factors usually make the tire not to wear uniformly. There would be an uneven wear in that tire. Why is it so? Quickly look at. So, you can see the difference between that is the contact pressure distribution when you have a camber. The camber is a very tricky business. The whole it changes the whole contact pressure distribution and hence it changes the wear the way the wear takes place in these in these what are called as the lips. It is a very tricky business because you have two things. One is the camber of the road. Road has its own camber may be a one degree most roads in this country has one degree but it depends upon it varies from country to country and is governed by certain standards and you also have what is called as the vehicle camber. All of you know camber you have studied this in your earlier classes on automotive systems. So, these two combine the road camber and the vehicle camber combine sometimes it neutralizes sometimes it makes it or in sense one side it makes it neutralize other side it makes it more and so on. So, this camber actually affects that is the pressure distribution. Remember last time it was such a you know nice symmetrical pressure distribution that you had and the distribution is completely affected when you have a camber and when you have a toe then the again there are differences and the wear is not uniform in these lips. So, when the wear is not uniform in this lips. So, uniformly it does not wear out what I mean is that this NSDs do not go down in an uniform fashion. Usually what happens is one side say one side this side the wear may be more and this side the wear may be less. So, the tire ultimately assumes a shape something like this. So, that is the groove. So, let us say that it would be I am just exaggerating it. So, it would be something like this. So, there is a one sided wear one sided uneven wear that takes place and so the tires are usually rotated from one wheel to the other. This is what is called as a rotation plan which the vehicle manufacturers or the tire manufacturers more importantly give you. So, that it is it is rotated. Yes, usually the lactire since it is at the at the rear you do not have this problem. So, you have a semi what we call a semi lug tire or a hybrid tire between a lug and a rim. It is something like a semi lug tire a typical example I would not call this, but typical example here is something like this. You have lugs as well as ribs here a semi lug tire is used as a all wheel vehicle even there many times you would see this kind of uneven uneven wear. Due to certain reasons which we would not be able to discuss now the bias tires because of the contact pressure distribution and so on. The bias tires contact pressure distribution is very different I said that we are not going to go into the details of pressure contact pressure distribution in a bias tire, but because of that these tires are not very prone to the vehicle geometry and hence people prefer to put the bias tires in the front and when they put the bias tires in the front their rolling resistance definitely is higher than the radial tires and hence there is a fuel consumption which is which they have to pay the penalty which are they have to pay because of this factor. It is a very tricky business to actually design a ribbed tire with a uniform uniform wear. The course is not on tire design so I would not be able to again sorry that I have to digress how to go here and there, but nevertheless it is a very interesting and a tricky business to design a ribbed tire. People who are interested the best place is to look at the patents the number of patents that have been there are filed in ribbed tire design huge numbers which does all sorts of things in order to mitigate this problem of camber and tow, but anyway camber and tow are reality and they have an effect both of them have an effect and it is very important that the truck owners and the guys who drive the truck they actually look at the what I would say changes in the camber and the tow. Let us come back to this a lot more to that question and anyway quick answer to that question is this and the contact pressure distribution as I said is local bending that is instead of understanding every all these you know niceties inside local bending is better to look at contact pressure distribution from a finite element analysis which you would understand it quite well. Now we have lot more to cover so let us go a bit fast let us understand three things the traction breaking and contouring before we derive simple formula in order to appreciate the physics that we are going to bring in here. One thing is very clear from what we did in the last class or the classes before that there is a difference in velocity difference in velocity what is the difference velocity between the tangential velocity and the ground velocity there is a difference in velocity this is what causes deformation if the ground velocity vx happens to be happens to be the same as that of the tangential velocity say let us say that omega re is equal to v that is how we defined and that both of them are the same remember that we had it at a point then what would happen to these tread elements so let us say just look at this one tread element let us say that it is rotating in such a fashion that there is no difference in the tangential velocity due to rotation omega versus I mean difference when compared to the v of the road there is no difference these tread elements are not going to be subjected to any force they are not going to be subject to any force so it is this difference which is responsible for breaking traction and as well as a similar thing we would extend it for what is called as the lateral force so it is the deformation which is responsible for all these things and we are going to define a quantity called slip after some time so we understand first the physics and then we put this in the difference between the tangential velocity the velocity of the ground so that would give raise to a quantity which we would call as slip so we can define the slip to be let me define it so that is the first quantity that is of interest what we would call as vx you will see why we have put a minus there vx minus omega re that is the difference and that is what causes the what we call as the deformation and then hence the force that can be divided either by or normalized either by vx or by omega re either by vx or omega re right okay so let us look at what this quantity means what happens when omega is equal to 0 what happens when omega is equal to 0 omega is actually the angular velocity okay so what is the condition we are breaking worst case of breaking where I have jammed the brakes and the wheel is no more rotating okay in which case what happens to that slip maximum slip value or a minimum value rather because there is a minus 1 so minus 1 is the I mean what is the minimum value that happens to be minus 1 right so the breaking condition which is worse is has a slip ratio it is slip of minus 1. Please note that when we break okay we are not talking when the vehicle completely comes to a halt when we break okay we are applying the brake jamming the brake there has to be a force generated okay that is why we have f is equal to ma okay that force generated has to stop it and the force is generated by this pulling remember that we are going to explain that again here okay pulling of those bristles okay when they are stuck to the ground right that is what causes the force because I have a wheel okay of a vehicle right let us say that it is going in this direction I am going to stop it so I have to have breaking force how do I create the breaking force okay so I have to that breaking force creation is what we are talking about so we are not talking when the vehicle comes to a halt nothing happens after that so when I jam the brake worst condition my wheels stop rotating does not mean you would have seen severe breaking conditions does not mean that the vehicle immediately comes to a halt right so the worst condition is omega is equal to zero okay in which case this becomes minus one what is the other condition the other side the other side is the vehicle stationary okay and then the wheel just keeps rotating so in other words v is equal to zero vx is equal to zero so in other words that condition is infinity and that is the we are trying to drive the vehicle but not able to drive it because it is it is it is not have it is not able to have what we call as a grip right so these are the two extreme conditions but before we go there let us understand the mechanics first and we will put down we will spend a class to understand these things from a mathematical perspective okay right yeah because this is equal to zero here wheel is wheel is rotating okay so omega is present but there is no grip so the vehicle is not moving you would have seen this many times you know if you have water wheel rotates the vehicle is not moving or in sand okay does not develop enough force for the for the vehicle to move right so that is the condition right okay. Now let us let us now understand this and appreciate that there is a very beautiful micro mechanisms that are happening in the tire okay in fact there is a there is a lot of I would say race between various quantities which decides how the tire is going to behave clear okay now the first thing is pressure we know this I am not going to repeat anything out of this there is a contact pressure okay the vehicle is moving in that direction right and there is a contact pressure no problem. Now let us analyze the braking condition let us analyze the braking condition let us look at that that bristle okay which is called as brush people call this as brush model and so on looks as if they are the comb you know combed brush or the comb so it is called as a brush model right okay there are number of actually number of these guys who are going to come and sit and that is the ground let us just understand one of them and then we will we will extend it or we will put a much larger thing right okay now my velocity is in this direction so I would my ground my ground velocity is in this direction okay now ground velocity is in this direction velocity is in this direction but my acceleration is in this direction right because I want to decelerate so in other words I have to produce a force which is going to act like that yes yeah that is exactly what we said the last class that we can have two views one is the vehicle is moving ground is stationary the ground is moving the opposite direction in vehicle station that is what okay so please remember that I am going to repeat that again and again right okay now just let us concentrate on one bristle I am breaking now what is the condition under this let us call this as the head and that is the tail of the bristle the head has hit the ground okay and there is a contact patch pressure that is built on the head okay this fellow is actually under pressure according to what we have seen now what is the condition the ground okay the ground velocity which is opposite of the vehicle velocity will it be more or less than the wheel tangential velocity it will be more okay so in other words what would happen to this how would this this bristle look like okay if you now look at the relative thing it will be in the that direction okay so let me remove that so it will be in this direction okay the guy is going to the ground is going to run away as if it is going to run away with the head right it is going to go run away with the head the leg of the tail is still sitting on the dial on the wheel rather right okay so what happens now this guy is going to develop tension and is actually going to pull the V and that is what we saw in the law one of the earlier classes and that is going to give rise to the breaking force it is not one actually one bristle just to illustrate it we said this as one but there are a number of guys who are going to participate okay now let us extend it let us extend from one to seven let us make it flat so the ground is moving like that it hits let us say it hits just hits just realize the ground so slowly it will the number of this bristles okay just for illustration we are saying this they are now going to develop these are the ones which are going to give you the breaking force fine but then but then that force there is also a force you know this guy is not going to leave this is going to be a equal and opposite reaction right okay so in other words there is a tangential force which is generated at the interface between this bristle head what we called as bristle head and the ground right so there is a tangential force that is generated that is the opposite reaction if this force over comes the friction force what would happen the guy would slip this is what we called as micro slip I am just repeating it so that things are clear so he would now slip keep on holding now as long as the ground is able to hold him he is going to be stuck to the ground once the friction coefficient multiplied by the normal force that is exceeded by the tangential force the guy is going to slip now okay so at one point of time in this race between the tangential force and the normal force the tangential force wins okay the guy is going to now slip he has got a slip okay so an oxymoron that unless unless there is a deformation unless there is a slip note this a force is not generated okay you would think that when it slips you know there is no force but actually in attire when there is no slip there is no force generated number one okay when the tangential velocity and this are the same they are they are not going to generate the bristles are not going to generate the force this point number one point number two I want to distinguish between when I say this slips I have just defined a slip quantity here so what is this slip and what is this slip so I would call this as a micro slip right there is a micro slip okay this motion is a small motion just this bristle just moves okay moves in such a fashion that it comes under again to an equilibrium okay now this is what we studied before on how mu is developed now yeah so this is what we are talking about here breaking force development rolling resistance is any way present okay even we said even in the free rolling rolling resistance is present and it opposes this motion okay yes okay so that is a good question how do I characterize this friction in other words how do I characterize this friction or you know I know that quantity called mu which is coulomb friction can I just write mu into n okay is the limiting tangential force case is mu a constant that is the question right good question and it is a difficult question because strictly speaking this is not a correct model if you ask any researcher who works on an elastomer friction he would say this is nonsense okay because the friction coefficient depends upon interestingly the contact pressure p is a function of contact pressure p it is a function of that slip velocity v okay because v is proportional to omega of omega of x viscosity keep on building and so on temperature very important and so on but it is a very difficult factor to take into account this these things so what people do is to follow coulomb friction and say that the coulomb friction for example for a truck tire is 0.75 coulomb friction for a motorcycle tire is 1.02 and so on right so we sort of have an approximation which is not necessarily correct but somewhere we have to start working and hence we follow coulomb friction if you go and look at the literature there is a number of papers on how friction is developed and so on yeah I said there itself that we will dump everything we called at that time and I gave one of the previous lectures I said we will call this as friction right so the friction as I said then itself that viscoelasticity plays a great role right so pressure, velocity of slip all those things it gives rise to a number of other phenomena let us let us just move on okay we will look at this thing quickly. So the first thing is that there is summarizes a race between the two so there is a normal pressure okay then there is this Fx which is this guys pulling okay so remember that these are actually different you can view it as a different conditions also of the same bristle time this same bristle goes through that kind of variation in the tangential force clear so if I now plot the tangential force variation okay to be something like that something like that I keep varying I keep increasing I come to a position where the normal forces no more able to sustain this tangential force so at that point things are going to change undergo a micro slip when it undergoes a micro slip okay so again the forces start now dropping because micro slip brings it back the bristles brings it back and so this elongation reduces so as it happens there is a drop in the tangential force and so on okay so that is what happens so that is what happens of course under all these conditions under all these conditions the omega re or in other words the what we plotted as velocity changes okay to similar to what we had done before and what we had seen before there is a compression okay and the compression reduces the radius so all those things happen like what we had seen before so you can interpret that from our previous free rolling condition okay now what happens is exactly similar in the case of acceleration or traction conditions people call this as traction whenever there is an acceleration okay now the scene is just other way okay. You are accelerating that means that you have given the acceleration torque is generated okay the torque moves the revolts or rotates the tyre faster than what the ground is moving and hence this whole thing is the other way okay the bristles are now in this in this direction okay and hence the force that is generated removes the force that is generated remember that is the velocity and I want the traction force to be in this direction now the force that is generated is like that pulls okay and so there will be a traction force both braking and traction force is hence generated by that difference okay been telling that again and again because that is a very important concept right this graph and this are exactly similar only thing that force directions are different again there is a slip there is a micro slip and again there is a variation of velocity and so on right. So that slip gives raise to a very important and interesting phenomena let us now look at I think I have some slides which gives you yes so that is the the longitudinal force development you know in braking that is the longitudinal force development in braking reaches a maximum and then you see that towards the end it comes back yeah because there will be when there is a change it is not it is a velocity is not negative in sense it drops below omega r not you know r so it is not that r becomes negative obviously not from omega r what it starts okay it goes to omega re and then again goes to omega r and there is a variation in the see it is the whole thing is very simple it is what is the basis for this graph what is the basis for this graph the basis for this graph is nothing but no what is the basis for that graph the basis for the graph you remember in one of the earlier classes we said is the compression expansion along the circumferential direction I said I asked you to go and lie down here okay and compression expansion right so that is exactly what is depicted here it is not that it becomes negative okay omega r not becomes omega re then goes below omega r not and then goes again okay now why is this very important this is this is very important from one perspective this is what gives where to attire people keep a lot of in there is a lot of sanctity to this what you call as contact pressure in the tire community okay looking at contact pressure they usually say this is a good contact pressure this is a bad contact pressure and this is this gives you where and this and that and so on but unfortunately they do not really understand or I would not say understand they do not want to go into the details of how actually there is a race and there is this micro slip and there is a micro slip the micro slip is responsible for where right so there is a slip and force multiplied by that displacement that gives the work done by this friction or friction energy which is responsible for where in other words the interesting point I want you to note is that all that that energy friction energy that is what causes friction okay is concentrated at the rear of the contact patch on either side okay is concentrated at the rear of the contact patch because whatever be it this is the reverse direction so do not look at the right hand side look at the left so you would see that whatever be the condition it is that is micro slip that causes or that gives the energy for where and that is responsible for where that is why very important to understand this race and how where is created in a tire clear okay whenever this where rates are are different in different what we call as ribs or different positions then we have uneven way okay these blocked tires this these tires are prone to what is called as wheel and tow where you know wheel and tow where you know heel is or heel and tow where these wheels are these tires are prone to what are called heel and tow where because of this distribution of pressure we do not have a graph here you would see that each block one side of the block has a one wear rate at the other side another and so on so there is an uneven where even in that blocks should give rise to what is called as the heel and tow where okay we will get into the match behind it but before that we will explain what happens or how is force generated in cornering okay how is the lateral force generated in cornering right so let us say that that is the lateral force that is generated that is actually quite interesting and slightly more complex than what we have seen till now after all I need a centripetal force if I take if I corner a vehicle I need a centripetal force okay let us say that is the centripetal force that needs to be generated okay and of course this is the D'Alembert's force which you would call as the centrifugal force okay so the centrifugal force what does it do it tends to push the wheel and the centripetal force would now pull the wheel or oppose that okay M omega squared R versus the F or equal to F right let us see how this force is generated this is you have to be very careful in understanding imagine that there is also rotation okay this wheel is actually rotating so part of the wheel gets stuck here okay so the guy again my good old road is going to hold it here is going to hold it right and the wheel is now pushed out the wheel is now pushed out and it now rotates now rotates so now what happens if you are a material element if you are an element sitting here if you go and sit in a material element and as you go now down you are going to go towards to the I mean towards the right so as you touch the ground okay because these dread guys are going to sit there and they are going to be held by the ground okay you are going to drive a very complex path okay you are going to drive a complex path in other words your head which is in the ground and your leg which is say and the carcass okay will be like this right because this guy has been pushed out so will be like this right in other words this inclination which is going to increase which is going to increase as you travel the contact patch you see travel inside the contact patch gives rise to that pull our good old pull which we saw there and that pull results in what is called as the centripetal force and in that whole process the tire is completely twisted it is just not that it is going to be in one plane that whole process the tire gets twisted right will stop here and continue in the next class.