Good morning friends, I am Purva and today we will discuss the following question, form a differential equation representing the given family of curves by eliminating arbitrary constants a and b and we are given y is equal to a into e raised to the power 3x plus b into e raised to the power minus 2x. Let us now begin with the solution. So we are given y is equal to a into e raised to the power 3x plus b into e raised to the power minus 2x. Let us mark this as equation 1. Now multiplying both the sides of equation 1 by e raised to the power 2x we get or e raised to the power 2x into y is equal to a into e raised to the power 3x into e raised to the power 2x plus b. And this implies e raised to the power 2x into y is equal to a into now e raised to the power 3x into e raised to the power 2x can be written as e raised to the power 5x plus b we mark this as equation 2. Now since the above equation consists of 2 arbitrary constants so for eliminating them we shall differentiate equation 2 2 times. So differentiating equation 2 with respect to x we get e raised to the power 2x into now differentiating y with respect to x we get y dash plus 2 into e raised to the power 2x because differentiating e raised to the power 2x with respect to x gives 2 into e raised to the power 2x into y is equal to 5a into e raised to the power 5x because differentiating e raised to the power 5x gives 5 into e raised to the power 5x plus differentiating b with respect to x gives 0. And we can write this as, this implies e raised to the power 2x into y dash plus 2 into e raised to the power 2x into y is equal to 5a into e raised to the power 5x. Now, multiplying both sides of the above equation by e raised to the power minus 5x, we get e raised to the power minus 5x into e raised to the power 2x into y dash plus 2 into e raised to the power minus 5x into e raised to the power 2x into y is equal to 5a. And this implies, now e raised to the power minus 5x into e raised to the power 2x can be written as e raised to the power minus 3x into y dash plus 2 into again e raised to the power minus 5x into e raised to the power 2x can be written as e raised to the power minus 3x into y is equal to 5a. This implies, now taking out e raised to the power minus 3x common from left hand side we get e raised to the power minus 3x into y dash plus 2y is equal to 5a. We mark this as equation 3. Now, again differentiating equation 3 with respect to x we get e raised to the power minus 3x into not differentiating y dash plus 2y with respect to x we get y double dash plus 2y dash plus y dash plus 2y into differentiating e raised to the power minus 3x with respect to x we get minus 3 into e raised to the power minus 3x is equal to now differentiating 5a we get 0. And this implies e raised to the power minus 3x into y double dash plus 2y dash minus 3 into e raised to the power minus 3x into y dash plus 2y is equal to 0. And this implies now taking out e raised to the power minus 3x common we get e raised to the power minus 3x into y double dash plus 2y dash minus 3y dash minus 6y is equal to 0. And this implies y double dash minus y dash minus 6y is equal to 0 as e raised to the power minus 3x is not equal to 0. And this differential equation does not contain constants a and b. So, we write the above equation does not contain a and b. Hence the required differential equation is y double dash minus y dash minus 6y is equal to 0. This is our answer. Hope you have understood the solution. Bye and take care.


Meta-literacy encourages reflection, careful thought, action, and an awareness of how you feel about your learning. What are some of the active roles that emerge from this process? As we review the meta-literacy diagram, think about which ones you identify with the most. Meta-literate participants are actively engaged in interactive social spaces that include virtual and real world communities. Participation requires an emphasis on building communities of trust through responsible and ethical contributions by all of the members. Participants include voters, community members, volunteers, and facilitators. For example, imagine the important role of a local community organizer who gets people together to actively participate in a grassroots effort within a specific community. Trying to bridge differences among participants in any community or across vast divides requires effective communication. Meta-literate communicators adapt to and apply changing technologies to effectively create and share information with others. They are aware of how they deliver messages while keeping in mind diverse audiences in a global community. Effective communicators include journalists, editors, writers, public speakers, and teachers. Imagine how liberating it is for a blogger to self-publish a blog to communicate something entirely new to an online audience. At the same time, think about the responsibilities that go along with writing, editing, and posting the blog in an accurate, ethical, and truthful way. Communication oftentimes requires the translation of different kinds of information. From a meta-literacy perspective, this means more than translating from one language to another. Meta-literate translators adapt information from one form to another. This involves an understanding of how to translate ideas across formats and for multiple audiences. Translators include playwrights, artists, media developers, and game designers. Think about how filmmakers often adapt ideas from books and plays to create a movie. The filmmaker gives credit to where the original ideas came from and what inspired the new film. Authorship is a dynamic process that focuses on the creation of information in many different forms. Meta-literate authors continuously keep current to learn effective new methods for creating original information or synthesizing reliable content from verified sources. They also understand and advance digital ethics in producing and sharing content. Authors are podcasters, videographers, and songwriters. Imagine how digital storytellers construct narratives with digital images, narration, and multimedia. This is a creative process that requires an understanding of how to differentiate between original and repurposed materials when creating and sharing digital content. Meta-literacy advances the idea that learners are also teachers. Meta-literate teachers are open to working with others and taking responsibility for how learning emerges formally and informally. In collaborative information environments, knowledge is co-created and shared. Teachers are mentors, peers, colleagues, and collaborative members of a community. They have a responsibility for staying current and looking at issues fairly and objectively before sharing knowledge with others. Meta-literate collaborators understand that cooperative ventures build strong communities and result in positive and sustained outcomes that could not be achieved alone. Creators are Wiki editors, members of a project team, and volunteers at a local community organization. Think about the way graphic designers work with a web team to create visuals that support the website under development. This individual needs to understand the overall goals of the project and engage in a team-based approach that benefits from everyone's contribution and shared vision. Meta-literacy supports learners as producers of original and repurposed information in multiple formats and styles. Meta-literate producers expand upon abilities to effectively consume information by creating it responsibly and ethically in collaboration with others. Producers are media makers, content developers, remixers, artists, and curators. Consider how empowering it is to create a digital image or digital media project and then share it with an online audience. What are the responsibilities that accompany the production and distribution of objects for a Pinterest board or tweets for a Twitter feed? Meta-literate publishers recognize that the production and distribution of information takes many forms and requires responsible editorial filters that promote truth, verifiable content, democratic ideals, and inclusive voices. All of these roles are supported by objective and unbiased research as a process of lifelong discovery. Publishers are bloggers, YouTube content creators, and Pinterest developers. Publishing digital content reaches a potentially global audience that traditional media may not be able to access and requires a commitment to accuracy, reliability, and authenticity of the materials shared. It also benefits from cultural sensitivity and communication across different perspectives and worldviews. Meta-literate researchers ask good questions and critically evaluate sources of information to verify authenticity and credibility while also checking one's own biases and making unique contributions as part of an ongoing academic dialogue. Researchers are historians, archivists, and storytellers. Consider their proactive patient seeking medical information to prepare for a conversation with their medical provider. The information sought out must be accurate and reliable and the search must be kept private, secure, and confidential. Now that we have introduced the Meta-literate learner roles think about the ways that you play these parts in your own lifelong learning.


Does anybody here not know what SVG is? Oh, good. That's easier. Okay. I'm going to talk to you about some upcoming SVG features for artists. The SVG2 is a new version of SVG we're working on. The SVG working group is working on. And I've picked out some things that might be of interest in general to artists. Okay, so SVG, of course, is the vector graphics for the web. It's part of HTML5, but it's been around for a lot longer. One thing that kept it from becoming well-known until recently is that it wasn't supported by IE, but that's changed. IE9 has basic support. IE10 has filter effects added. And, of course, it's Inkscape's native file format. So that's one reason why I'm interested in it. I work on Inkscape. It's got other uses. It's used in TV set-top boxes. It's used in mobile phones, not just smartphones, laser cutters, et cetera. And so SVG2 is the next version. The development of SVG2, the work on it, is public. And you can see the latest draft at the address, web address there. Now, SVG2 is a little bit different from SVG1.1. SVG1.1 was pretty much a self-contained specification. Yes, it referred to CSS here and there, but generally it was self-contained. That's changing. A large part of what was in SVG is being removed or has been removed already and is going into CSS modules. And this has two advantages, advantages. One, it makes SVG2 smaller and easier to finish. And second of all, it allows a lot of things from SVG to be used in HTML. For example, filters. You can now use filters on HTML, SVG filters in HTML. Compositing, blending, et cetera. So these things have been removed from SVG2, but they're still referenced in SVG2. They're still part of SVG. And then there's the SVG2 specification, which handles everything that hasn't been removed, which includes fills and strokes, markers, some new things, mesh gradients, and hatches. So I'm going to go through, pretty much follow this list here. One or two things I'm going to skip, but anyway, this is kind of the outline of my talk. So let's begin with color. CSS Color Level 3 is already a finished specification. And you can already use those features in web browsers, supported by Firefox and Chrome. So here are eight red squares defined eight different ways. And you can see this is actually, this is an SVG I'm showing you in Firefox. So you can see that Firefox renders all eight forms. SVG2 does have some additional features that are not yet supported by the browsers, and these remain in SVG. There are a few new other features that are in SVG for color. There's the solid color element, which allows you to develop a palette. This is imported from SVG1.2 Tiny. SVG1.2 Tiny was a version of SVG that was directed at mobile phones, small devices. Right now, for example, Inkscape can simulate this. Inkscape simulates this by using a one-stop gradient, but this requires some kind of complicated coding in an Inkscape. And it doesn't really work for gradient stops, flood fills, et cetera, for defining colors there. One great new feature of SVG2 is the context fill paint, context stroke paint, context color. These are new properties. And this allows us to finally automatically match a marker color to the line stroke. So a marker here is something that you put on a line, a path at various points. In this case, there's an in marker, which forms the arrowhead. And you can see in SVG1.1, you don't get the automatic color matching. So it means in your SVG file, you have to have a marker with each color you want to use. Now, the marker can inherit the color of the stroke, the path. And it's not just for markers. They will also work in patterns and gradients in other places. Blending, SVG1.1, objects are painted on top of each other without blending. You could have opacity, but you couldn't blend the colors together. You could do some blending by using filters, which was a bit complicated way of doing that. The escape actually allows you to do that, to blend layers using filters that multiply screen, dark, and lighten. CSS3, you have the blending, full blending, all the different modes. You can see there, here's an example of a screen. And you can see how the red and the green and the blue blend together to form different colors. Wrong way. And here's an example, the overlay mode allows you nicely to blend color over a texture, you know, just text over a texture. The lead graphics meeting one is done with a difference mode. This is, I'm only animating the background here, the background color. This is in Firefox, Firefox is a little bit jerky. Chrome does this very smoothly. Okay, now I have to get, where's my mouse? I'm having trouble finding the mouse there. Okay, filters. The filters, SVG filters have been removed. The filters have been removed from SVG and put into, again, a CSS specification. The filters in that specification are the same ones that are in SVG. They've added a few short hands, which would make it easier for artists. But filters can do really amazing things. But building up a filter chain out of the filter primitive takes a lot of work sometimes. And so they're now shortcuts that do the most common things you want to do, like grayscale, sepia, saturate, etc. There was a plan to have a new custom filter primitive defined by a shading language, but that's been postponed, probably will be in the next level, too, of CSS filters. Transforms. Transforms have been removed out of SVG and into CSS transforms. And that adds 3D transforms. This is already supported in Firefox. This is an actual 3D transform showing you there on the right. It kind of works in Chrome. Chrome doesn't get the perspective right. It rotates it, but it doesn't get the perspective. I also have here a do-take-a-heed run. This is only done, this is being done only in SVG with CSS. CSS transforms and CSS animations. No JavaScript here. Text is the big thing.  Inkscape actually implemented that, but it wasn't implemented by anybody else. SVG 2 will have text layout that's based on CSS, which will finally allow us to do text inside a rectangle, automatically laying out flowing text into a rectangle or a shape. SVG 2 text layout is based on CSS. It's a work in progress because the CSS modules are a work in progress. Basically, SVG 1.1 text layout is the same as a single line of CSS text. In SVG 2, CSS-based layout will be backwards compatible with SVG 1.1. This dependence on CSS was always there, but now it's being made more explicit. This has the advantage that it makes it clear to people who are making HTML-CSS renders, i.e., the web browsers, that they don't have to re-implement text layout for SVG. That's something they don't want to do. Text layout is very complicated, especially when you start talking about complex scripts, as you saw earlier today. By doing this, it opens up the possibility for auto-wrapped text. It will be possible to have an SVG 1.1 fallback. If you don't have an SVG 2 renderer, there will be a way of having the text. It won't be quite as nice, but it will be close. It's a little complicated to explain, but basically you can do that. What's the differences between SVG and CSS HTML? The biggest difference is SVG does not have a natural content area, which is provided by CSS by the box model. In HTML, you have a box already, which you can layout text into. SVG you don't. SVG also doesn't have the line-breaking elements. There are three types of text layout in SVG 2. There's the pre-formatted text, which is essentially SVG 1.1 text, plus multi-line, and I'll show you how you can get multi-line text by doing that. There's auto-wrapped text, which is new, and then there's text on the path, which is unchanged from SVG 1.1. Here's an example of pre-formatted multi-line text. New to SVG 2 is the white space property. You can see it from the red, it says pre-line. It says basically preserve all line breaks. So you can see that this multi-line text line break is anchored to the middle. Because you're preserving the line breaks, that's what you get. And then with text anchor middle, it gets centered in the middle. The white space property is supported already by Firefox. Auto-wrapped text, you'll get auto-wrapped text if you explicitly define a content area. And there are two ways to define a content area. One is to specify a width for horizontal text, or a height attribute for vertical text, like Japanese. Or you can use the shape and side property to either define a CSS basic, reference a CSS basic shape, or reference an SVG shape. So here's an example of a content area defined by the width attribute. So I add to the text element a width of 200 pixels. Basically, I get an infinitely high strip or rectangle box that the text is wrapped into. I can define a CSS basic shape. And I originally wrote this slide a while back. And at that time, you can say shape and side equal rectangle. And the text would wrap into that rectangle. Well, that's been removed from CSS shapes level one. I don't know if it's going to reappear in CSS shapes level two or not. Another way to get a content area is to reference a SVG shape. So here I have an SVG rectangle defined. And then the text will wrap into that rectangle. Now, I should mention that the shape and side property was in level one of shapes, but it's been removed. It's been postponed to level two. And I've been promised that it's going to be there, so let's hope. There's also in CSS exclusions module shape padding, which allows you to inset the text from the edge. There's also exclusions, CSS exclusions, which you can exclude an area from the text wrapping. So here I have two rectangles there to find. Again, the one on the left, the upper one to the left, I've also added an exclusion region, which is based on the other rectangle. Now, the one thing that this doesn't give us that SVG 1.2 text wrapping would have given us, text in the shape would have given us, is I don't know how yet to be able to flow text into more than one shape. So that's something we need to think about. Okay, something that's already appearing is paint order. SVG 2 has flexible paint order. In SVG 1.1, stroke is always on the top. And you can see when that happens, especially for text, the font designers have worked very hard to get beautiful curves, and it ruins it. It completely ruins the look of the glyph. SVG 2, you can say, I want the stroke to be underneath the fill. And then you can see the nice shape. Firefox, Chrome, and Inkscape already support this in development builds. There's a new line join. For decades, there have been basically three ways of joining lines. They've just been copied from one graphics format to another. The bevel, the round, the meter. And now there's X extrapolate, which produces much nicer curves, nice joins when you have curved lines. There's some things that we very nice to have that probably are not going to make it into SVG 2. There's the variable stroke width. It's under exploration stage right now. There are some people in the working group who are very interested in this, but I'm not sure it's going to make it into SVG 2. And there's also the flexible stroke position. Right now, the stroke is centered on your path. It's nice to be able to displace it out or in. That can be a little bit complicated when you start having paths that intersect themselves. Markers, I already mentioned markers are graphic items that are placed along a line.  And then you put an arrow on there and that makes it a little bit longer, the line a little bit longer, or you get a little bit of the line sticking out. SVG 2 will have marker cutouts, which will basically say, I don't want this part of the line to be drawn that the marker is placed on. My preference is to have a clip path. What's currently in the spec is some standard shape. So there's some work to be done to come up with which one we're actually going to use. There's new marker placement. Right now markers can only be placed where you have a node in the path. Now you'll be able to place some marker in the middle of a segment or at some fixed distance along a path. And you'll be able to have some patterns, as you can see in the example there. There's a great new property value for marker orientation. Auto start reversed. Before, if you wanted to have a double-headed line like this, you actually had to define two markers, because the markers are always placed in the direction of the path. The path is defined in one particular direction. And so you'd have to have a marker arrow head going with the direction of the path and a one going in the opposite direction. With this auto start reversed, it'll automatically reverse the marker direction. So you only need one marker. Another new feature is markers are going to be allowed on shapes. Hatched fields. Hatched fields have been added to SVG2. They're a common way to shade shapes and technical drawings and maps. You can simulate them in SVG1 by 1.1 by using patterns, but that sometimes gives you anomalies when you have pattern boundaries. And also, people that use SVG for plotting and engravers, that means every time you come to pattern boundary, the pen goes up, comes down, and you get an artifact. So here are some examples of things you can do with hatches. You can have dashed lines. You can have complicated patterns of hatches. And you can get a crosshatch by having two fills on top of each other. SVG2 will allow you to have multiple fills on the same object. So you can have a background color, and you can put a hatch on top, and then another hatch going at 90 degrees if you want. You can have wiggles, disconnected lines. Mesh gradients. SVG2 has mesh gradients. The motivation is, of course, the desire to have smooth collaborations along curved paths to create lifelike vector art. You can simulate this, and if you look at the Inkscape website, you can find some nice sports cars that look very realistic, but it's a lot of work. You can do this with linear and radial gradients and Gaussian blurs. It's very complicated. So we have Coon's patch mesh gradients. It gives you lifelike shadings. They're fairly easy for content creators to use. If you don't have enough detail, you just can click on the line and get another row of meshes put in. It's a straightforward implement. It's a mature technology. It's in post-trip. It's in PDF. Popular support set, Cairo support set. So it's well supported. It's a known technology. So here is something I did about a year ago in a development version. I have an Inkscape, a buggy version. One of these peppers is a photo. The other is a drawing. It took me about an hour to do it, because I kept having problems. If the interface was working perfectly, this could probably be done in, I don't know, 10 minutes or 15 minutes, maybe. There's some other stuff. There are numerous ideas for things that probably won't make any SVG too, or will be handled by other modules. One of the nice things that you heard a talk this morning about was SVG and OpenType. It's already supported in Firefox. So this allows you to have multiple color fonts. It allows you to have glyphs that are animated. And I think I got just enough time to show you an example of that. If I can get this up here. So here's an example that someone made of animating an eye. It's a very simple animation. It gives you an idea of what you could possibly do with SVG and OpenType fonts. Okay, let's get rid of that. How do I get rid of it? I want to get rid of it. Okay, there we go. Okay. Regular shapes and stars. There are people talking about it when there actually happens. I'm not sure. Two more slides. There are three more. Path segments where you share paths or be able to have different colors along the paths. Work texts would be really nice. This is all the story. Those are supposed to be circles, but it's been distorted by the screen. Okay, the SVG working group is making quick progress on SVG too, but there's a lot more to do and the group is quite small. It's not a high priority by the vendors. And your input is important. We do as a working group listen to input from other people. And if you really want something that's missing, speak out. Okay, thank you. Questions? There's one way in the back. Questions? Lots of questions. So only top three. Could you please comment on SVG Fonts 2.0? SVG Tiny 2.0? SVG Fonts are gone. Sorry? SVG Fonts are gone. Okay, SVG Tiny 2.0? I have no idea. It's not being worked on. I'm not sure there's really a need for it. SVG 1.2 Tiny was directed for mobile phones that are now much more powerful. This is before the smartphone era. That's back to the seven or eight years old. I've not heard any talk about SVG 2.0. And support for multiple pages like Page Set? It comes up in less than a while, so I'm not talking about it right now. Okay, thanks. There's another question though. Oh, do you want to talk? Yes. This follows first. Can you talk quickly about the anchor points? Will they be in SVG 2.0? What? Anchor points. Anchor points? You know, with lines that are attached to objects. Oh, you mean connectors. If it does appear, it'll appear in a separate specification. There is talk. It's something that we should be working on. Hey, as far as I understand, you're targeting full SVG 2.0 support with Inkscape. Do you know of any LGPL project that are aiming for SVG 2.0 support? No, I don't know of any. Do you know of any programming libraries that are currently working to implement SVG 2.0? Programming libraries? Yes. Do you know of any? I know. I don't know. So at the rate, we can take 20 more questions. No more questions, so I think we go. Thank you very much.


Everyone talks about how amazing sun chokes are, but honestly this is the best season I've had in four years of growing them. Usually this would be considered good for a sun choke in my area. Because what they don't tell you is that, yes, while sun chokes can survive most conditions, if you live in a place that's as dry as this during the growing season and which has this little organic matter in the soil, sun chokes aren't going to do anything. This is the first year I'm really getting these blooms like this. It's gorgeous. I got my camera situated. I think I got maybe one bloom last year, maybe two. Honestly, my sun chokes haven't even produced anything. Most of the plants produce nothing at all, and in a really good year, maybe half of the plants will produce one or two tubers. This is the second year that they've been growing in this spot, though. And when I do find the ones that produce more than one tuber, I've been slowly spreading them out, trying to fill in this whole embankment here. And I was able to come in.  So I am really hopeful this year that there's going to be a good crop of sun chokes unlike previous years. But again, if you're depending on sun chokes as a survival crop and you live in a place where it has a droughty growing season and you have minimal organic matter, sun chokes are not going to save you. They might survive, but you're going to be waiting until you have a good year before you actually get a crop. Actually, let me see. Let me see if there's anything to see down here yet. There we go. It's starting to look delicious. The camera will focus. I think I can see that. I'm not going to dig it up yet, because I've still got a few months before there. Really finished doing what they're going to do. But yeah, after I get a harvest, I want to finish spreading them out along here. And then what I want to do with any surplus that I have, still allowing enough for me to actually eat this year because I have not been able to eat any of my own sun choke crop, I will start working my way up the hill planting sun chokes on contour so I can start marking out contour lines. And that's the next phase, marking out contour lines using plants like sun chokes and comfrey and achira and potatoes so that as I'm able to start working my way up the hill and making some additional improvements as far as water flow and terracing and whatnot, I've already got the lines pre-marked and all I've got to do is go in to where the sun chokes are already growing and add any other plants or things that I need to move things along.


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The Tintin II, the largest and the most powerful ballistic missile in our arsenal. 54 are currently deployed at three strategic air command locations. Davis-Montan Air Force Base, Arizona, McConnell Air Force Base, Kansas, and Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas. These underground launch sites are hardened against nuclear attack. 1978 marks the 15th anniversary of Tintin II's operational readiness. Standing 103 feet tall with a 10-foot diameter and weighing 150 tons, Tintin II can be up and out of the silo in less than a minute after receipt of launch command. Hurling its payload at speeds of 15,000 miles per hour, nearly halfway around the world. Tintin II was developed under the management of the Air Force Ballistic Systems Division, forerunner of the present space and missile systems organization, and by the teamwork of several contractors. Space technology laboratories provided technical direction. Denver Division of the Martin-Marietta Corporation developed and produced the airframe and integrated the 54 Tintin II complexes. Aerojet General Corporation produced the hypergolic propulsion system using a fuel and oxidizer that ignite on contact. AC Electronics Division of General Motors Corporation provided the airborne inertial guidance system that can be programmed for pre-selected targets. General Electric Company's Missile and Space Vehicle Division developed the re-entry vehicle. The launch facilities were designed by the Ralph M. Parsons Company. Tintin II was conceived in 1960. The final squadron was delivered to the Strategic Air Command in December 1963. The missile and support facilities have been upgraded as the state of the art has advanced. As part of a continuing crew training program, Tintin IIs are occasionally launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. Developed with the technology of 15 years ago by AFSC, Tintin II is still one of our major deterrent forces. It waits quietly underground. It's retaliatory potential available on a moment's notice. The YC-141B is a stretch version of the C-141 Lockheed Starlifter. It's 23 feet longer than the standard model. Aerial delivery testing of the YC-141B was conducted at AFSC's Air Force Flight Test Center, Edwards Air Force Base. The YC-141B uses the same dual rail cargo deck as the basic aircraft. But it carries three additional 463L cargo pallets. Flight Test Center people experienced in numerous aerial delivery tests conducted this series. Standard C-141 checklists and procedures were evaluated as satisfactory for the stretch version. Among the tests conducted were extraction parachute tow tests. These included deployment, inflation, towing, and cutaway. This is a cluster of two 28-foot diameter ring slot parachutes. Before live personnel drops, retrieval tests were made of 60 static lines with weighted bags. Tests on articulated dummies reduced the risk of injury. Personnel airdrop tests included two sticks of eight jumpers dropped simultaneously. Army and Air Force jumpers with experience in the basic C-141 were used in these tests. Jumpers commented that there were only slight differences in jumping from the stretch 141 and the basic aircraft. Single platform loads weighing from 2060 to 34,000 pounds were test dropped. Loads less than 15,000 pounds produced negligible pitch attitude change. More than 15,000 pounds produced definite aircraft pitch up then pitch down. Aircraft pitch changes were about the same as for the basic C-141. On sequential platform tests, each load extracted the parachute of the next load. Three loads with a total weight of nearly 70,000 pounds were dropped. It took six hours to rig the sequential drop in the aircraft. And only 11 seconds for the airdrop. The aerial delivery tests were successful. All objectives were met and no problems in platform or personnel airdrops were encountered. The YC-141B or Stretch Starlifter brings increased cargo capacity and more effective use of Air Force resources to further enhance the military airlift command mission. The YC-141B or Stretch version of the Lockheed Starlifter was equipped with an aerial refueling capability. At AFSE's Flight Test Center, aerial refueling tests were flown by eight pilots, including both flight test center and operational pilots from military airlift command. The Stretch-141B with its 23 foot longer fuselage was stable as it approached the boom. Boom operators from the Flight Test Center talked the Stretch into position. Various boom disconnect positions were tested. Center, right, and left. Various relative altitudes were evaluated, as well as combinations of gross weight, center of gravity, and airspeed. 275 knots proved to be the best airspeed for all gross weight combinations. Flight Test Center boom operators, experienced in numerous refueling tests, worked closely with the YC-141B pilots. Positions were verified by tanker director lights. Some 50 hookups and disconnects were made during the tests to verify the full range of acceptable speeds and positions for refueling. A chase aircraft was used for safety and photo documentation of the YC-141B and AFSE's specially instrumented KC-135 tanker. Among the final tests, a day-night evaluation was made. Receptical illumination lights provided good visibility. YC-141B pilots reported excellent visibility from normal seat positions and no problem maintaining the boom contact position. Boom operators, constantly alert for receiver handling problems that could require boom separation, reported excellent visibility of the receiving aircraft and the refueling receptacle. The tests were successful and a certified aerial refueling envelope was established. For the first time, factors contributing to damage and sustained fire from cannon hits in a potential enemy aircraft fuselage fuel tank have been studied under flight conditions. This study was sponsored by the Joint Technical Coordinating Group for munitions effectiveness. This group consisted of people from the Air Force, Army, Navy and Marines. The study was conducted at AFSE's Arnold Engineering Center. Full-sized fuselage sections of a simulated enemy aircraft complete with fuel tanks were used in the tests. Simulated flight conditions ranged from 350 to 550 miles per hour and at altitudes of 5,000 to 35,000 feet. True air temperatures were also provided. Interchangeable cannon barrels fired single rounds of three different types of ammunition for a total of 23 firings. With loading complete, the area is cleared. Unusual pretest planning and engineering reduced the high-risk factor in this type of testing. Three arrangements were studied. A full main fuselage tank, a full tank combined with an empty dorsal tank and the fuselage tank with varying fuel loads. Close circuit TV monitored each firing and motion picture cameras made a film record. These tests confirm that damage is influenced by airspeed, caliber of ammunition and quantity of fuel and fuel vapors in the tanks. While apparently obvious, confirmation of these facts is essential to the design of cannon effective against potential enemy aircraft. This unique test facility is the first of its kind. The data gathered here will be useful in estimating both domestic and foreign aircraft survivability. A major Air Force objective is to increase the operational life of its systems. One means to this goal is development of new structures made of lightweight materials that are extremely reliable. AFSE's Air Force Materials Laboratory is using a technique called non-destructive evaluation to examine and evaluate these materials to ensure their high reliability. Some conventional evaluation methods result in destruction of the sample. The non-destructive evaluation group uses techniques and forms of energy to examine items without destroying them. An example is this high-power X-ray facility. Areas of interest are marked for positioning the X-ray source. Typical items for this activity are advanced composite wing and tail structures. In the ultrasonic slab, parts are examined using sound. Here a turbine disc is examined for fatigue. A recording pen operated by the scanning equipment makes a drawing of the part, including its fatigue zones, cracks, and other defects. This is a 6,000 ampere magnetic particle test unit. It creates a magnetic field in steel parts. Very fine fluorescent particles applied to the part migrate to cracks where they can be seen under ultraviolet light. The latest techniques in electrical field eddy currents are used to detect heat damage in aircraft skin and cracks in fastener holes. Another way of finding cracks is the dye penetrant technique. The fluorescent dye is applied and soaks into the crack. Under ultraviolet light, the dye in the crack floresces. An X-ray image enhancement system clarifies features in normal X-ray films. The non-destructive evaluation group is an integrated mix of civilian and military specialists and technical consultants. In addition to testing, they prepare Department of Defense specifications for this type of work. These specifications directly affect the operations of hundreds of industrial contractors and government organizations. In addition, they can draw on the vast array of expertise in all disciplines represented at Wright Patterson Air Force Base. This facility provides solutions to aerospace non-destructive evaluation problems. The benefits are reflected in the time and dollars saved by their methods in resolving questions of materials, quality and integrity.


Hey guys, welcome back to another week of What's for Dinner. My name is Andrea with Food and Mentory Adventures in Food. Our What's for Dinner videos come out every single Tuesday. And in our household, it's me, my husband, and our eight month old little boy. So I am kicking off another week of What's for Dinner with a childhood favorite, which is chicken and dressing casserole. And I do have a video coming out on this recipe in just a few days actually. So we're having the chicken and dressing casserole, and we are also having some green beans. And these are the green beans that I used. And I just just doctored them up with some sauteed onions and bacon. And then I made some homemade mashed potatoes. I finally figured out the secret. So I made two pounds of potatoes. I boiled and chopped them up and then drained them. And then I added warm whipped cream. That's what, or whipping cream, I should say, not whipped cream, warm whipping cream. So if you add it cold out of the refrigerator, it kind of seizes up the potatoes. So I took a cup of whipping cream, heated it up in the microwave for about a minute, got it nice and warm. And then I added it to the potatoes. And you can see how light they are and fluffy. They are so good. I added butter as well. And that's it. So this is what we are having for dinner tonight. And we'll see you guys next time. Hey guys, so for dinner tonight, we are having spaghetti and garlic bread. So I looked in my fridge and I had this jar of pasta sauce. It is from Aldi. And I had opened it earlier and, I don't know, like a week or so ago to use it for something. And I had, you know, of course, a big jar left. So I wanted to use it before it went bad. And to that, I added this salsa. I had just a little bit of salsa left in this jar and Howard and I weren't crazy about it anyway. So typically that's what I'll do. I'll just look in my fridge to see what tomato-based products I have. When I'm making spaghetti sauce, I'll just throw it in there. Now I will caution you. If your salsa has lime juice or lemon juice, it may not be as good. This didn't have it. Doesn't have it, I should say. It just has tomatoes and peppers and onions. So it just has a little, you know, the spaghetti sauce just has a little kick and we like that. So that's what we're having and we're having our garlic toast. I talk about this all the time on our What's For Dinner videos. I got this from Tom Thumb. This is really the only garlic toast that I buy. It's so cheesy and it's good and it's cheap. You get eight slices for, I think it's 225. Sometimes you can find it on sale. So I stocked up. And then for dessert, I made some apple dumplings. I made a video on peach dumplings not too long ago and I will make sure to link it in the description box if you guys are interested. So this is what we are having for dinner tonight and we'll see you guys next time. Hey guys, so we are having a quick and easy meal tonight. We are having, we're actually finishing up these breaded chicken patty, breast from Aldi and we really like these, it tastes pretty good. So we're having that. Howard made them in the air fryer and we're having some sweet corn. It's the microwaveable kind, excuse me from Kroger and we are having it with chicken gravy and excuse me, the mix calls for you to mix it with one cup of water. But I used half a cup of water and half a cup of milk to make it a little bit more creamy. So here is Howard's plate. He just wanted gravy on his mashed potatoes. He did not want it on his chicken and there's his corn. I'm just gonna add some butter and salt to mine. This is my plate. I did want gravy on my chicken and my mashed potatoes and corn. I'm gonna add some butter and salt and pepper to my corn. So this is what we are having for dinner tonight and we'll see you guys next time. Hey guys, so for dinner tonight I am making coconut shrimp on garlic butter rice. This is a recipe that I made a long time ago. Howard really liked it. I don't know why I haven't made it again but I decided to make it tonight. So in my large skillet, I just have a can of coconut milk. This is from Sprouts, which is a grocery store around here. If you've never used coconut milk, this is what it looks like. It looks kind of watery and has a coconut milk in there. To it, I am going to add some chicken broth and I'll make sure to leave the recipe in the description box as well, but some chicken broth. And I'm going to add some red curry paste and this is the brand that I'm using, Thai Kitchen. And you can add a tablespoon to two tablespoons. I'm just gonna add a heaping tablespoon for a medium heat and I'm going to add some coriander and what is this, coriander and sweet paprika, sorry. Dump it in there. And I did not think I had coriander and I did. I had it in my spice cabinet. So I really need to start using up stuff that I have in my cabinet. So I'm just gonna let this come to a boil and once it comes to a boil, I'm going to add in a cup of this Uncle Ben's flavor infusions. Oops, the garlic butter.  So I read the instructions wrong. This is not supposed to come to a boil first. You're just supposed to combine everything and then add in the cup of rice. So I had a scant cup of that flavored rice. So in order to make it one cup, I added in a couple of tablespoons of jasmine. So I'm just gonna put this in here and my pan is on a medium heat if I didn't mention that. Gonna put this in there and then it says to cook it for 10 minutes. And then after it's cooked for 10 minutes, I'm supposed to go in and add in my one pound of shrimp, which I had in the freezer. So I will bring you back to show you the finished product as soon as it's finished. So here is everything all plated up and I tasted it and it's really good. It tastes like I remember. And so what I will caution you about, the recipe says to just boil the rice for 10 minutes, then add in the shrimp. Don't do that, wait until the rice is almost done and then add in your shrimp. I overcook the shrimp, waiting on the rice to cook. But here's, I'm serving green beans with it, sorry, green beans and the green beans came from my freezer. These are from Aldi, I just had half a bag left. This is a shrimp that I mentioned to you. It came from Kroger. It was in our freezer as well. Finished up this garlic butter rice and a can of coconut milk. I used bouillon to make the chicken broth. And that's it, used up quite a few things for my pantry and freezer today. So this is what we are having for dinner tonight and we'll see you guys next time. Hey guys, so Harrison is having dinner so you'll probably hear him in the background, but for dinner tonight, quick and easy. I had some coleslaw mix in the fridge that I needed to use up before it went bad. I had a package of ramen noodles. This is my favorite brand of ramen noodles. I had these frozen chicken breast strips from Aldi. And then I also had some spring rolls in my freezer and I had this stir fry sauce. So all I did was stir fry the coleslaw mix and a skillet with a little bit of oil. I added in some chopped green onions. I prepared the soup but drained the noodles and I didn't add the flavor package. But once I drained the noodles, I tossed them with sesame oil so they wouldn't stick together. I added them to the skillet along with a handful of the chicken strips. And then I added about a third of a cup of stir fry sauce to the stir fry sauce. I added the package of seasoning that came in the noodles. And then I just poured that in the skillet and this is what it looks like. So Howard and I of course are having dinner tonight and we have enough for more for dinner tomorrow. And then I just made the spring rolls and the air fryer. So that is what we're having tonight, a quick and easy meal. Thanks so much for watching and we'll see y'all next time.


Well, in just a few hours, nearly 400,000 hunters will head into the woods for this year's deer hunting opener. This year's season is unlike recent years, with snow already covering the ground, which means hunters need to remember additional safety measures when out in the woods. The snow cover can create a hazard along trails and in deer stands. With the winter conditions, the Minnesota DNR says the snow can be helpful and harmful. Watching their foot footing when they're walking, making sure that their firearms are safe, unloaded when they're carrying them, the slipping and falling with the different conditions that they're in. And then also maybe a little bit better success for hunters as well, being able to track their deer a little bit better with the snow and being able to track as well just by the foot tracks from the deer. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Okay, so the next bias we'll look into is the so-called availability bias. Availability bias is the tendency to focus on information that is readily available, that is easy to recall, and sort of ignore more complicated things that take a bit of effort. For example in software engineering what this means is again that we ignore unfamiliar parts, for example in the code or in the documentation or in the requirements, whatever we might have. So we tend to focus on the things that we know anyway, and then we base our decisions on that. And that of course is a quite dangerous tendency if you are the person that has to make the decisions, and that's really why the solutions to this or the ways to address this are for example any kind of participatory approaches. So participatory decisions, you make the decisions in a group, it's not an individual that decides for example how long the project takes. And that makes it more likely that for example you have more people familiar with different parts of the overall project and that can lead to a better decision. So this is for example one of the reasons why in agile teams you typically do everything together, it's not one leader, it's not for example the scrum master that says this is how we'll do it, you decide this together. Similarly as with confirmation bias we should rely on traceability, so we should have traces that link things together so that for example if you want to have information on where a requirement is implemented you don't just look into the part that you know anyway, you look into the code that is traced that is linked from the requirement. So that can be another way of addressing this. And then finally another agile practice, we have the retrospectives. So meetings, communication where you explicitly exchange information so that people get more familiar with what's going on and they're not just in their bubble focusing on their function or their class or whatever they're implementing right now. So this can be a good way of actually sharing information about what is done but also what is problematic or what is working really well. So that's availability bias, then we have the framing effect. And that's another one of the examples I gave in the beginning, so framing is this kind of way of for example posing a question in a certain way that leads to you reacting in an accordingly way. So I gave the example of how long do you think this little project will take and the little keyword is a way of framing my question that the person answering will think okay this is a small thing I have to answer with a low estimate. So that's framing. What's for example known in software engineering that is a difference if you tell people that you have some great ideas of what they could do in the project or you say that you have some requirements. And if you have signed a contract for example these requirements might not even be in the contract so it's not like people have to implement them. But still if you rather say it's a requirement that an idea people will react in a completely different way. They'll have in their head much more this idea of we have to implement this, it has to be exactly like this, it can't be anyhow different. So just by phrasing it differently the same request essentially can lead to a completely different outcome just by people reacting in different ways. So the solution to this here is really I would say mainly awareness that you need to be really careful with how you phrase things and what you ask people for because you can ask the same question in slightly different ways and the reaction will be rather different. How long do you think this little project will take compared to how long do you think this huge project will take us to implement. You will get very different estimates just with changing a single word. So please be aware of this that there is a lot of detail in how you frame questions, how you frame answers and so on. Finally in our list of cognitive biases is the bandwagon effect. So that's the effect that in a group people will adjust to the majority opinion or whatever they think is the majority opinion. So it's kind of this group thing that is known sometimes that there are a couple of people that have a very strong opinion and then the group maybe perceives this as that's what the majority thinks and they will adjust to this. So that is known as the bandwagon effect and that's problematic because for example people often tend to agree with the leader so there is a person that leads. Important here is leader does not have to be the manager, it's not necessarily the person that has most power but it's some kind of person that is leading that as for example very strong in communicating their opinions or very experienced and people might tend to agree with that person. Similarly they're related, very common I think all of you have probably at some point done brainstorming in a group and there is this effect which is the bandwagon effect that someone starts going in a certain direction and you might be sitting there thinking okay this is not at all what I was thinking but you probably start aligning yourself. You start going maybe that's the right direction, let's also go. So suddenly your brainstorming which is supposed to be really creative exercise is not that creative at all because the person or the first couple of opinions that are voiced basically direct the brainstorming in a certain way. So that can be very problematic if you actually want to be creative, if you want to have very diverging ideas and in the end it's the same thing a couple of people kind of lead the group in a certain direction and the others tend to align with that. Now what can we do here in general it's maybe again a good idea to have these participatory approaches so it's not just a couple of people that decide but then of course they will still align with their leader so sometimes we have these kind of parallel approaches so we had earlier with the estimates with anchoring we discussed that you can do parallel estimates so this will avoid this kind of brainstorming effect no one is first no one is saying I think it takes six months if you do it at the same time you get different opinions you can discuss them. Brainstorming in particular this is a creativity technique there are publications on this and there is usually a recommendation to start with what is called individual brainstorming so the way this is published in the literature is usually that you recommend that if you're a group of whatever a group of ten people each person individually starts thinking what kind of requirements could we have what kind of features could we have and then after five to ten minutes or however long you might think it makes sense you get together and you share the ideas and then you already have them written down they're already documented somewhere and it's more likely that you will actually voice your opinions and not just say I know I didn't have anything else it's just the same as everyone else so that might be similar to the parallel estimates and might be a good choice to get a certain diversity in opinions which you want to have in many cases so this concludes the small part on cognitive biases it's important for me that you get to know them of course I am not a psychologist and you are not getting an education in psychology but nevertheless this is exactly what I mentioned in the introduction video you can have brilliant people you can have really good technology but these in particular the other two we have discussed can be really really strong forces that pull you in a really bad direction so it's important to know about them it's important to not underestimate them and think that you are immune to these biases and essentially try to counter them in the real world so next video will continue with ethics in software engineering


So, before Thierry interrupts me, so I will open the floor for questions. But just a quick summary, so what we've seen trying to show you today is that there is a breakthrough with so-called generative AI or supporting large language model that was explained. That's what put it on, draw the attention and put it on the top of the agenda because there is a new future. It's already deployed to manage complex system and it can help solve some of our most pressing challenges. Another challenge that comes is cyber security and if you like AI the way it is today, you will love it tomorrow with Quantum. So if I may summarize the session like this. Thank you. So we have a lot of questions. Maybe I take the first. Yes? Can you get the mic? I'm too late. Thank you very much. My question is how would you use this to end poverty and to solve development issues? Thank you. Yeah. Sure, I have the question. Yeah. Okay. Thank you. I had one question and a kind of an assertion. Can you hear me? Yeah. No, yes. Okay. Just listening to Director Endler and Mr. Suzuki, I got the impression, maybe wrong, maybe right, that the impending dawn of AGI is going to be far more disruptive and dangerous than anything else that you've seen before. There is real fear that it could alter the fabric of nation states and tear apart all the communities that we have seen across the globe. The point I'm questioning is, would this mean that social and economic inequalities will rise exponentially? Social Anarchy will rule the streets as it's already beginning to be seen in some areas. Will it flood the country with fake content masquerading as truth? And will we see a brutal breakdown of trust as we have known all these years? Thank you. Very good point. Thank you. Yeah. Carrie? Yeah. Yes. I'd like to address the notion, first of all, it's any artificial intelligence outcomes are based on the content that goes in, the quality of the data, and specifically in the healthcare application, right now, most of the clinical research is done on men and less on women. For example, can you address a little bit the notion of how we can correct for some of the data problems or the quality of the data content in order to achieve better outcomes? Yeah. I take the questions and then we will divide and conquer. Thank you. We talked a lot about regulation. Thank you, Mr. Suzuki. What about ethics? What is the current state of reflection on ethics applied to AI, quantum physics, et cetera? It seems that we're quite far away and this has not been tackled so far. I couldn't hear the ... I couldn't hear. Oh, sorry. I'm going to speak louder. Sorry. We talked about regulation, but what about ethics? Ethics. Ethics of reflection on ethics applied to AI and quantum physics, quantum computing. Hi. I'm an engineer from India. Now there is a set of dangers inherent to AI. Some of them we discussed today. The other set of problems comes from the users or deployers of AI. I'm thinking rogue nations. I'm thinking other bad actors. Now and to me that incentivizes speeding up resolving global geopolitical and other conflicts. My question is the regulatory framework being developed, the world over. Does that include policies aimed at making people aware of the dangers of AI? The reason I ask this is that to the extent that civil society at large has a say in policy making, maybe we get some positive outcomes there. Instead of ... Sorry to say this, but talking in eco chambers or keeping the public not so aware of the risks. Thanks. Last one and then we answer. Behind you. Yeah. Well, I'm a Korean diplomat. I worked as ambassador. So I'm totally ignorant about this issue, but it was quite fascinating to learn about something about AI plus quantum. I'm 75 years old.  How much AI plus quantum technology will ... Well, what age, I mean you could say I could live up to over 100 years. Okay. Last one and then we start to answer and then it might provoke other questions. Training, large language models and new models require a huge number of computational resources. How can we really combine these new advances of AI with our carbon footprints and the carbon aging goal in the next years? Good. If I look, I will ask my colleagues and I can volunteer for some of it. So let's start with maybe the first one on the disruption on society, how you address ... We address the development problem. That was the first question. I don't know if one colleagues want to take it or I give it a start and then you can build upon it. We heard it yesterday in the session on food. We need public policy. Technology is always a mean to an end. So if the end is not defined, if you don't have the governance technology will not fill the gap. I remember 20 years ago, I was with the International Telecommunication Union in Geneva and we were, if you remember, already discussing, also has been working on it, on the digital gap, the divide that was creating. We could overcome part of it but it requires the right framework. So now you've seen in the presentation of Amina that you can manage complex problems. You can eliminate corruption through automation. You can manage better the results allocation with technology. But it requires the proper governance and the framework. I was on a workshop in another institution for reconstruction of Ukraine. Here, clearly, if you want to address corruption, for instance, you will use satellite images because you can know if 10 tons of concrete have been deployed at that place and even the quality of the concrete depending on what you have. And then you deploy blockchain so you use token because this is an immutable ledger and then you know exactly what comes in, what comes out. So the tools are here. Now, again, is the governance the will to do it and deploy it, technology alone? No, but all what we tried to show you are means that can help achieve these objectives. Can allow me here to ask something to give you an example. One of the challenges for the developing countries, for example, in some countries, that they're suffering from electricity theft. And we know that electricity is very important for our lives. Nobody can live without electricity. Now, through AI, we can also predict thefts because only with the people, like for example in some countries, like for example, India, they have developed the programs where they assigned volunteers from the villages to see if there is an electricity theft. But this is very hard. But with the power of AI, we can automatically detect if there is an electricity theft going in place. And where is that location? So in that case, with the power of AI, we can improve electricity access. And we minimize any issues relevant to the power interruption. But then we move to the next one. And then there was a question of course, awareness, education that that's fundamental. We need to understand. Otherwise, you cannot think that a few people will know what's best and it won't happen. People will need to appropriate what happened in the gap that I mentioned before with the ITU is that when mobile was deployed and people start to understand what can I do and then I can improve my farmer's market because I know how to handle it. Education is fundamental. That was your question. There was a point on ethics, Daniel, what you take, where are we? Well, there's of course a huge interest in AI ethics or AI for good and all that. As you may know, some of you may know there are over 100 charts and ethical codes put out by all sorts of organizations. And a number of principles, roughly 5, 6, 7, 10 principles about transparency, respect of privacy, et cetera, et cetera. Very close, in fact, to the general principles of clinical medical ethics. In fact, the initial model for thinking about AI ethics is medical ethics. And what I just want to say in a very short time because we're running out of time is that I think that these general principles of AI ethics, just like the general principles of bioclinical ethics, are not enormously helpful. First of all, they are conflicting. You can have, say, privacy and also access to all the data that you really need to improve, say, medical research. And there are many sorts of problems, but the main point is that these general overall overarching principles are not really about ethics and are not really interesting. Things get interesting once you do exactly as my neighbor said to divide things up. In other words, if you use AI in education, that's one thing, and it raises a whole set of really interesting and hard and important problems in ethics in education, similar for ethics in defense, similar for ethics in surveillance, et cetera. So you have to divide up the, see AI as really a general tool, which interesting, sort of uninteresting general principles governing its use. And then things get interesting once you go into medicine, defense, education, and so on. Thank you. So we have to conclude soon. So maybe I propose, you take the question that you've heard as you're concluding work and then we can close the session. Okay. Thank you very much. I think some of the questions touches upon the demand side of the AI. And I think most of the regulations are now focusing on the supply side. So the ethics, how to apply ethics in the way in which that how to design AI, how to use AI. So it's basically the engineers and the suppliers are now being regulated. But because of the such a wide use of AI, and as Daniel said, it's really complicated because there's no single principles can apply for the different use of AI. And I think that for the demand side, it is so popular and, you know, so easy to use. So chat GPT and the other softwares are now available for everyone to use AI for generating the fake news or fake video or anything. So I think this combination of the, you know, the spread of the software and the network, you know, the social network which delivers those products from the demand side is now making it much harder to regulate. But I think one of the discussion I made was because since there are, it is difficult to have the sort of a single one-size-fits-all regulations. We need to see the demand side and make sure that, you know, these demand side should be regulated in order to have the proper supply of AI. Thank you. There was two questions on health. When you take your car, you go in a plane or take a train, you will never take your car if there is no petrol or you have a flat tire. When you look at what's going on on health, the only signal that you have is wake up in the morning, you don't feel good, but it's too late. The combination of quantum and AI will allow you to have some sensors in the body for those who want, of course, that will allow you to have real-time evolution of, as an example, of a cancer by magnetic resonance. Those data will be aggregated, will go into the cloud, into the cloud that will analyze all the pathology and will give you a proactive signal on what's going on. If you do one blood test per year, you will have real-time blood tests. If you do a lot of tests on your body once every other year, it will be real-time. Same for, as an example, last example that we'll speak to everybody. After 50, there is not a lot in this room, by the way, you don't wait on the same 50-50 on your legs. It's more 60, 40, 65, 45. There is technology now that allows you to figure out how your weight is balanced between your feet, 4,000 sensors per feet. So if you do what we call linear interpolation or the balance of the weight through the sensors, it will go through artificial intelligence and tell you that in two months, five years, or whatever, you will have the scolios or whatever. So the main benefits of quantum AI and technology will do proactive maintenance of the body exactly as we do with a card, the train, or the planes. I will just, yeah, 10 seconds. Just to answer the question about how does it impact society and protect, just take the case of the next virus, the next pandemic. It's a game changer. It's a showstopper. Whichever part of the world we live, as you saw it in the coronavirus now. The ability for research institutes, science institutes to produce a counter drug or a vaccine will be much faster when we are able to use it. I think healthcare will be one of the HCFs that we can start in terms of building this as a narrative. The upsides could be plenty, and as Patrick said in the beginning, it will be the challenge for us to discover what is the upside for every society. For example, when mobile technology was adopted, people said the big digital divide as the ITU conference was there then. But you saw Africa adopted it. And you saw amazing success stories in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda. They created a large number of entrepreneurs. So I think it's best, you know it's good. How good it is, I think we'll have to take a few steps to see how it will work. I think that's, you know. Amina is the youngest. Can you close? Yeah, thanks for the very informative sessions and for the interactions with the audience. And I hope that decision was very helpful. And thank you for attending. Thank you.


Wel i ddim yn ffraeg i gyd, ddim yn ffraeg i'ch mynd i'ch cyfwyr. Mae'r ffraeg i gyd yn ffraeg i ddim yn ffraeg i ddim yn ffraeg. Yn gweithio, mae digitalon yw eu marwyr a drwbod wedi gweld i'n bwysig i'r ffraeg. Yn y cyfwyr, dyma'r ffraeg i'ch gyd yn ffraeg. Mae'n ddod amser i'ch gyd yn ddiddordeb yn ddigwydd a'i wneud i'r bwysig? y dyfodol y cwestiynau i'r cerdd, ac mae'r bwysig i'r cerdd yn gweithio. Mae'r cerdd yn gweithio'r cerdd. Llywydd, mae'n gweithio, ac rwy'n credu bod y cerdd yn ymddangos a ddechrau, ond mae'n gweithio'r cerdd, oed ar y campain brexit. I would like to state that I'm not here to discuss Brexit and whether it's good or not. I will refrain from any discussion around Brexit in itself, whether it's good or not. I'm here on my personal behalf as I am a bold member of the Drupal Association, and so I'm not representing the Drupal Association, but representing myself. Michel van Velde, I am the co-founder of Wanshu, a digital agency based in Utrecht, a creative and digital agency, I'm a brand strategist and a creative concepter, and also co-founder of the Dutch Drupal community. All right, so let's have a look at the learnings from the Brexit campaign. As I said, it's daily item in the news, and the question is how do we get into it, what happened and what kind of actions were taken during the campaign. I would give you insights in how the LEAF campaign won the referendum and what Drupal can learn from it. So how did the Brits become so divided between the LEAF and the Remain camp?  There is no winner to my belief because Britain is divided, and when you are divided to my opinion, there will remain divided for a long time, and then there's no winner, and I feel very sorry for both camps, actually. So how did the LEAF campaign win? What can we learn from it when we do Drupal projects? You probably think, how can you combine that? I can show you in a minute that we can learn from this. The Brexit referendum was partly won by the use of innovative and groundbreaking digital campaign techniques. I'm not saying I condoned the way they used it. I wish they'd done it in a way so the world can get rid of plastic or anything, but they did it in a way that we can learn a lot of lessons from it. Whether we like it or not, the Brexit referendum provides insights in the future of digital marketing, and I'm here so everybody's aware that there are digital marketing techniques being thrown at you so you can be aware of what's happening with you and your personal profiles. So I'm going to provide some insights in the future of marketing, digital campaigns and content marketing, and how did that win? Well, it all started by the LEAF campaign hiring this fellow, Dominic Cummings. Who knows this guy? Who's been reading about this guy? All right, it's okay. So that's a good bit. That's quite a few people who have never heard of this guy. Dominic McKenzie Cummings, born November 25, 1971. He's a British political strategist who's known as an avid advocate of Brexit in 2015 and 16. He let the vote leave campaign which fought for a British departure from the EU and he played an active role in the 2016 referendum. Since July 2019, he's a special adviser to Prime Minister Boris Johnson. So when Johnson is around, you see this guy walking around there many, many times. All right, so when you start a campaign or a project, a Drupal project, you have to find out who is your target audience. You have to decide who your target audience is so you can create content that's compelling to that target audience, whether it's for a campaign or a Drupal website. So the LEAF campaign, they decided not to aim their arrows at the Brexit leave voters. Why? They were already on board anyway. They also decided not to focus on the remain camp and try to convert them. The focus would be on the indecisive voters. Dominic Cummings decided to use online as the most important channel for persuading the indecisive voters. He had only a couple of months to do so, so he was in a bit of a race to find out who the indecisive voters were. The lesson we can learn from this is that each Drupal website when you started or each campaign when you started, you have to start by identifying your target audience. So who is the persona? If you want to be truly successful, do not approach a project like a one-trick pony, use a standard template or a distribution that can be taken out of the closet. Because every single user is different, every persona is different, so you cannot approach it from a standardized way. That's why UX has become so big in our landscape user experience. This is a persona template we're using at our company. Look at, for example, a developer. We are here at Drupalcon. I've taken the persona developer. Who are they? How would you describe them? What's their story? What are their needs? How do we meet and exceed those needs? What do we want them to think? What do we want them to say about us? And how do we want them to feel? So if you decide to make a persona list, don't forget there's always the press. It was also part of a really important persona. So you have the CMO, the CTO, the CFO, you've got your developers. There's a whole range of personas you can identify. This is a standardized version of if you want to create a persona list. So it's really important. So LEAF decided to focus on the indecisive photos as they could bring them the majority photos. They knew that the only LEAF photos that was too small of a group, and they wanted to have the majority photos, more on this later. But what kept them awake at night was the question, why were they not deciding yet? What were the emotional triggers and what was needed to persuade them to vote for LEAF? So you have a majority group in the UK. You have no idea why they are indecisive, and you have no idea how to convert them into voting for LEAF. That was the big question. This is where Dominic Cummings became smart. I don't say it's good, but I say it's smart. Just to be aware and stop any discussions later on. So Dominic Cummings, he went to investigate himself and entered into a dialogue. He literally went into the pub and asked a simple question, why don't you like the EU? Simple question. Just in the pub having a beer, having a laugh and asking questions, why didn't you like the EU? He learned a valuable lesson there. There was not one important reason why some people had an aversion to the EU. People felt angry. People felt embarrassed. People did not see a better future in general. They did not like the legacy of the EU. People were online but were feeling very lonely. They did not trust the data presented by the EU, the EU Institute, and they also felt that the expansion of the EU was going too fast and the EU was becoming too large. So there's a whole pletoria on reasons why people did not like the EU or even didn't feel right. People were out of a job, people were feeling misery, but they're online and feeling lonely. So he learned that he had to take an overarching message. This in contrast with the right-wing nationalists and the media who wanted immigration as the main theme. The whole discussion started, it was all about immigration. We have to stop immigration, but that was the right-wing nationalist. That was a small audience alone. That was not the majority vote. So the team decided to choose an all-transcending theme that appealed to both leave and appeal also to the frustration of the indecisive voters. That was the theme was take back control. That was an overarching theme. It was really touching the people right in their hearts because people did not feel in control. So they decided to touch them in their hearts and say, let's take back control. That was an overarching message which even surpassed the feelings of the EU. That's why they had an umbrella theme, as they call it. So if you want to reach your audience, choose an ideal. That's an overarching message. And then stick to it. There's one overarching message. I see so many campaigns happening where there's a pletoria of messages. All you need is one overarching message. Really important. Then stick to it. So the second question Dominic and his team were facing that they did not know who the indecisive voter was. So who were they? And they knew their frustrations and they knew they had to identify them to win the majority vote. They needed insights and at that time they were approached by Cambridge Analytica via Robert Mercer. He was a billionaire who earned his money as a data scientist and a hedge fund investor. Cambridge Analytica was a private British American data company that bundled data mining, data analysis and direct marketing with strategic communication purely for election campaigns. They did this around the globe and they've been testing it. It started in 2013 as a subsidiary of the SEO group and billionaire Robert Mercer, he was a hedge fund manager, owns part of the company with his family after an investment of millions. He had a goal behind it but that's something I don't go into in this presentation. Just start googling on Robert Mercer and you'll find it really interesting stuff. You can deep dive into it. The company had offices in London, New York and Washington. In 2015 they started working on the campaign for Ted Cruz and Ted Cruz only had about 4% votes against Hillary Clinton. So they started working for him and they bumped it up to 44% using the same techniques as they used later on in the UK campaign. The problem was that the algorithms they were using, they were not good enough and they wanted to improve their algorithms and they needed a large audience. Well, and here they came. The British came into the vote and Robert Mercer thought and Cambridge Analytica thought, hey, there's a whole large population there, maybe we can help them. So Cambridge Analytica approached Dominic Cummings basically to work on the algorithms and they did. So they offered their services to the leave campaign. We all know what happened and after that they worked on the Trump campaign. We all know what happened then. All right, so they went for big data and building profiles. This included integration of data from social media, online advertising, websites, apps, direct meals, polls, online fundraising and some other things, new things they tried such as a new way of conduct pollings and adopt experts in physics and machine learning. So they had a whole team and this is all undisclosed to the rest of the the vote leave teams that were working in a separate room, basically setting up their whole campaign. They applied data science in such a way that it was far above the standard analytic skills as applied in normal political campaigns and the Brexit campaign combined this data to get a detailed picture of what was going on. So if you build a website, think about starting with segmentation. We already talked about personas, but you want to start with segmentation and so you can provide the right content to the right personas and building profiles within those segments, P.S., only for a good purpose. This is what I would like to share with you. So let's have a look at a webshop segmentation example. So you've got your active customers who have ordered something in the last 13 weeks. You've got your active customers who have not ordered anything in the last 13 weeks. You've got your active customers with a webshop account who have logged in in the last 12 months or active customers with a webshop account and active customers without a webshop account who are familiar with the brand or webshop. So if you want to grow your revenue, who are you going to focus on? Well, the fastest ROE can be achieved by campaigning and targeting segment 125 if you're in it for the short run, but if you want to grow markets here in the long run and maintain your company, you should be focusing on group 6 to 8, which are active customers without a webshop account who are not familiar with the brand or webshop inactive customers who have not previously purchased anything online but who are familiar with the brand or webshop or inactive customers who have not previously purchased anything online are not familiar with the brand or webshop. This is how you grow your audience. This is segmenting your audience and if you do so, you can campaign them and grow your audience as a whole. A standard persona approach leads on average to twice as many leads as you conduct a campaign without personas. So if you start campaigning with personas, you do twice the amount of leads. Let's have a look. We have the undecided folder. We know who they are, we know they're frustrated, we don't know who they are, but we know they're frustrated and we have to build up profiles. This is where it gets dodgy. This is a personal opinion. In order to persuade the undecided folder, the leave campaign had to find out their personal needs and frustrations for this. They needed to gain insights at the personal level of fears and frustrations in order to micro-target all those people. That's what they wanted to do. They did this using advanced software algorithms and serving attractive online ads in which questions were asked. They had to build profiles quickly. In a matter of weeks or months, they had a really short time to index basically the rich population. So they set up a campaign in which you could win 50 million pounds. That's a lot of money. It's really tempting to click on it. I want to win. Then you have to answer a couple of questions. By participating, Cambridge Analytica collected your IP address, let cookies, pixels and connected this with social media profiles and stored all your data in a personal database. A personal database for every person in the UK. That's what they were doing. So detailed profiles were created by linking the answers to IP addresses and everything and then they were targeting them. One billion advertisements were generated and distributed during the campaign. Please note that the messages contained lies and I do not condone this. This is for discussion purposes. I do not condone this. So they started off building a profile by winning campaign and after that they knew who you are and what your frustrations were and then they started targeting you personally. These are two campaign examples. Some people were not happy with the spendings on the NHS and the other ones about the fact that Turkey was joining. Both were lies. Everybody knows it and it's been impressed. These were lies. This is how they played upon deafness and frustration. What we can learn from this, this is a bad version but there are good versions as well available on the market and everything. Micro targeting is successful. Personalisation, it's a hot topic. Right here at Drupal Con we are talking about personalisation within Drupal. Personalisation is a hot topic with market tears. Micro targeting is successful. The question is how can we organise a website in such a way that we can present personalised content. We can serve people in a better way. How can we reach our target group as personally as possible and the question is what does Drupal have to offer in terms of personalisation and recommendation? The conclusion is not enough. We do not have enough means within Drupal to offer personalisation and recommendation. It is something as a community we can work on. It is something we can learn from. The interesting bit is that digital alone by reaching customers is not enough. The models that were refined by the leave campaign were also used to produce dozens of different versions of the referendum brochure. 46 million folders in the last ten weeks Brexit tears had more than 12,000 people at work doing this every week and they had more volunteers than this but the 12,000 were regularly active and the volunteers delivered over 70 million leaflets out of a total of 125 that were delivered in one way or another talking about the impact on the environment. This is a major impact on the environment alone. The lesson we can learn from this is that you cannot make a difference by setting up just an online campaign. When I talk to clients, we regularly have discussions on should it be only mobile, only digital, no if you want to reach your audience, you have to combine print and digital. You need boots on the ground, an integrated personalised campaign will eventually lead you to success. This picture of Boris Johnson handing out those brochures of the leave campaign in front of a bus with a misleading message on it. Okay, so when we look at the future and when we look at the future of marketing in the past creative agencies came up with a creative campaign, never broadcasting on television, everything. The role is changing, the role is changing into digital and the way marketing is changing, it is changing into a data science era. So when you think of it, a lesson we can learn is that marketing communication is all about persuasion, that's always been fact, but it's also not going to be led by creativity, it's going to be led by data, not by creativity or gut feeling alone. So if you want to be successful, even as an agency I tell everybody, please start hiring data scientists, not marketeers. All right, marketeers, this is lessons for Drupal, I came up, this is my personal lessons. Marketeers want to reach an audience with a personal message and the Drupal community needs to focus on the needs of the user, which is nowadays a lot of the marketeer. Personalisation is key, but something Drupal is not offering yet. There is a personalisation model, but it's not up to par. There are some companies offering it yet and I think an open source version of that should be available. Content recommendation should be the ambition and data driven content management should be the future. I was delighted to see Dries talking about data in his keynote as well. I think we're right on track on that with a shared ambition. That is the learnings we have for Drupal. You probably think, how do I got all this information? Well, there's two really cool films to be watched. One is on Netflix, it's called The Great Hack. I suggest if you can find it, watch the movie, it's called Brexit, The Uncivil Wall, which will tell you the story about Dominic Cummings and how he set up a campaign. Afterwards, watch The Great Hack. You will have about three to four hours of really interesting movies to watch and you'll be thrilled and excited. You have stomach pain afterwards, Dominic Cummings, he's been really open, he even open sourced part of the software he used for the campaign. It's on GitHub. You can find it via Dominic Cummings blog. It's really interesting. The guy is very, very smart. That makes him also, I think, personal opinion quite dangerous. But if you read his blog, you'll be diving into his world and his knowledge. It's a discovery sometimes, but very interesting. So, watch it and I hope you've had some learning from it as a Drupal community. Personalisation is the future and data-driven content management should be ambition. Thank you very much. Don't forget Contribution Day tomorrow. Yay! If you have anything to say about my presentation, you can go on the website or via the app, you can take a survey and share your ideas and feelings. Thank you very much. Any questions? All right. That was fascinating. Thank you. I really enjoyed it. I agree with everything you said. Literally everything you said. It's a world dialogue story as well. My question is more broader, especially in terms of the Drupal for personalisation. I think we're behind on that and we need to get up to speed with that. The rule, the question for me, is should this not be illegal? Is every election rigged from now on? It is illegal. We have ruled that most of the campaign is illegal. Yeah. Well, when you watch Brexit, the great hack, you'll be seeing that Cambridge Analytica used it in many other countries in ways. I think we should not follow this path. This is a personal opinion. Yes, I think this should be illegal. I think lying to people. I don't know. We have presidents now that make over 50 lies a week. They're counting them. 50 lies a week. That should not be condoned. Yeah. All right. Quite apart from the ethics as well being another British person, quite apart from the ethics around using this in elections, I think you've got a very good point around agencies possibly needing to hire data scientists at least as much or possibly more than marketeers. If that's the case, is there something we should be doing specifically look about working out what messaging we should be giving to data scientists specifically on Drupal.org? That's an interesting one. Well, I think we should appeal to them in a way that they can become part of the community and help Drupal become a, this is my personal recommendation, data driven. Data driven content management system. So if we can do that, we have a very interesting tool for marketeers. Interesting. Hi. I'm quite surprised at how much this talk didn't talk about some of the ethics related to this.  Yeah, I know. Facebook have already banned quite a lot of the micro-personalisation stuff because it's already been proven to be racist and other things and there was a letter that came out two days ago saying we want to go further and ban it even more. Do you think this stuff is even appropriate to present if it's something that we shouldn't even be doing? Well, I think we all should be aware and this presentation was about talking about who knows Dominic Cummings, your few handphrase. I want the world to know about this and I want to know and discuss within the open source community where are the boundaries? Yes. Personalisation it is already, there's modules within the Drupal community about personalisation. Yes, we condone this. This is okay. Personalisation there's nothing wrong with it. The way we use it that's a key message for every single person in this room within the community and the whole world and that's something that's an ethics question and I think we all should now be aware that the people's question should this be allowed? No, this should not be allowed. Personalisation yes, where's the boundary? Great discussion. Alright, cheers. Hello, I'd like to share some insight about this topic. Alright. Cool. Anybody know the cross-b-effector room? Okay. Illustrating. Yes, they have the... This one is terrible. That is kind of seen earlier coming around with the election in UK and about two months ago I found an entertainment they tried to regroup the Drupal developer so I went to the interview and tried to make this information problem so can you go back to the Lessons 4 online online This one? We talked about this I think we need to pay attention your Facebook your online campaign is not as effective as a traditional way like the direct mail phone call, SMS that's from inside information, so they told me it's more effective, but it costs more so their message for online campaign is that you can reach future amount of people with less cost but not as effective as a traditional way and can you go back to the... Digital alone is not enough I think there was this like... This one? This one? Back to the campaign This one? This is a highlight today but really it's all very different role so it was wrong and if you think about the data that covers the population they can reach it's very small portion so blame them for trapped election is a little bit ridiculous and from inside information they confirm my casing but something we need to pay attention the data they use is from Facebook directly so what they can do is to use an algorithm for example casting the users so they can reduce the cost of the online campaign for example the brexit brexit has two groups there are two groups I don't need to get both of them are using a similar way to do that so all of them have a link to the resource cost so who can reduce the cost that will cover funding that's the data from a company that can be used so that's some insight that I have to share with you Thank you very much Any more questions Maybe you can use the microphone so it will be a reporter I'm a bit curious about like connecting the idea of what they used in this scenario for like ruple situations like one of the things I see a lot of businesses do is that they actually start off with only the input they get from their own client as you mentioned in this story they actually start off by doing something like a market research so in your way of working with one shoe do you do that market research before you actually we want to actually talk to the end client what we see is that you can be quite successful if you talk to your client and he provides you with your insight you come to about 80% but if you want to be truly successful you need the insights from the client's client so we sit down with the client client we have work groups and everything interviews, A-B testing all that kind of stuff directly with the end client then you can be truly successful then you gain insights and the interesting bit is we always sit down with marketeers or data analysts and then we bring in the client and they bring in a total different view bringing in them both together is really really interesting and worthwhile so it's the 20% extra you can gain so hi so contributing and working on open source we don't as developers have control over how our tools are used ethically I think that we are responsible so I would encourage us as a Drupal community to think very hard about what tools and what we put out there because we can't control even if we change the license we can't control what people do so food for thought yeah I totally agree thanks for that I'm kind of leading from that I guess I'm interested to hear you talk about hiring data scientists to the marketeers I guess it's all a spectrum so it's like market research and then data science and then there's kind of like the whole sort of AI aspect of it and I was interested where you see the ethical line being drawn against actually is that too much at one point or is it actually unethical depends on the purpose as well I had an interesting discussion about this subject earlier and came to the discussion like okay so imagine I was in Indonesia a couple of years ago and I remembered it a long time ago I got back to Indonesia and remembered it as pristine white beaches so in the morning I just walk out of my little hut on the beach and it's just littered with plastic and I mean tons of plastic it was just dirty all over and I was thinking like imagine there was a Cambridge Analytica company that could actually change the minds and view of the Indonesian people who are all on Facebook and we can target them and change their perception about throwing away plastic in the ocean how cool would that be okay so is this ethical or non ethical yes it's unethical because we target people in a way that they don't ask for and I think this is a very worthwhile discussion we're going to have over the next decade so where is the boundary influencing people in a way they're not they're not aware of I think that's a really important line and there's many more lines to define and I guess personally for me I guess an important one would be just truth definitely definitely you should not lie you know as I said you know just presidents will lie 50 times a week you know here we go for it personal opinion sorry any more questions alright well I've been talking at Drupal Cones for many times there's so many questions I've had thank you very much I love this see you next year thank you


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