I know that I am not the only one who just saw that new amazing NerdCity video, but there was something that they missed that I wanted to talk about. What is up, everybody? This is Chris from the Rewired Soul, where we talk about the problem, but focus on the solution. And if you're new to my channel, what I try to do is take different topics going on in the YouTube community and try to see what lessons we can learn from them to improve our own mental and emotional well-being. So if you're into that stuff, make sure you subscribe and ring that notification bell. And if you're not yet, make sure you follow me over on Instagram and Twitter at the Rewired Soul. Alright? So, like, do you apologize for thoughts? Are you supposed to apologize for thoughts? Okay, I'm going to give you guys a quick little story time. Alright? So, I was watching the new NerdCity video and whenever I watch anything, I'm always looking at different angles. I'm like, what are we missing? Like, what can we add to this conversation? What can we talk about? And I was like, oh my God, like, they're totally missing this part of it. I'm like, oh no. Oh no, I'm going to have to make a criticism of NerdCity. I met him at VidCon. He's such a lovely, lovely dude. He's going to be mad at me.  Alright? So, yeah, like, and I should have had more faith. Like, these guys, like, it's a whole crew. And they cover these things, these topics so well, and from all the different angles. I should have, I should have known better, you know, and I was so nervous about it. I'm like, oh no, I'm going to have to critique him and he put me in a video and everything.  So let's start out with cancel culture, okay? Gee, those of you who know me know I love me some cancel culture. Alright? And if you missed it, I got a new book out called Cancelled inside YouTube Cancelled Culture. But anyways, what I was going to point out was when Nerd City was talking about the bad actor scenario, right? And you just go in there and you flag, and I'm like, no, no, no, no, no, that is best case scenario. But they brought up another aspect of cancel culture that everybody is missing. There is such a ridiculous debate right now about whether or not cancel culture exists. But Nerd City hit it right on the head. We are acting like absolute lunatics.  Because I thought what they were going to miss was, no, no, no, it's not that simple. Because what happens is, say Disney, right? They have an ad and it goes on a video. I think this actually happened with Fortnite, right? And it popped up on some controversial videos. I think this was during, like, Elsa Gate or something like that. And everybody freaked out, not on YouTube, but on the company.   This is why cancel culture is a bad thing, okay? Like the guests that they had on there explained it perfectly. Like, the content creator isn't picking what ads you see.  Like these algorithms, even though they're kind of screwing us, they are monitoring your behavior. So if you see an ad for something, it figured that you would want to see that ad. Now, one thing I will say before moving into the next subject is, it's tricky with LGBTQ content, right? Like I have done, I've done videos on LGBTQ topics and I've had ads pop up that are anti-LGBTQ, right? I've done topics on addiction, recovery, right? And then ads will pop up for like alcohol and things like that. So what happens is, is the advertisers pick which audience they want to see. So for example, an anti-LGBTQ organization is going to target LGBTQ keywords. And that's where this gets kind of tricky. But I think NerdCity did a great job discussing like possible solutions. Like, you know, here at the Rewire & Soul, we love some solutions. But I think transparency is a big one. And I think if YouTube worked with the creators more, everybody would be a lot happier. Like they brought up the point, I talked about this in my podcast after Susan Wojcicki did her interview with Alfie Days. Like I'm always trying to look at this from YouTube's side and everything like that. But the main issue is that they keep saying that they're being more transparent and they're working on transparency and they're not. You know what I mean?  Why are they being automatically demonetized? And what's crazy? I'm surprised NerdCity didn't point this out. But if you put the two clips together, maybe I'll edit that in right now. I can just tell you categorically that there is no list of words or keywords or terms or anything like that that is going to go into our classifiers making an a priori decision about whether a video is monetized or not. YouTube CEO was recently interviewed by a YouTuber. And she said we do not automatically demonetize LGBTQ content. Like they both almost say the exact same thing. So it's like they've been trained to say that exact same thing. I think NerdCity said, you know, this is like something that their lawyers told them to say and it is right.  Like don't just lie to us and say, no, we're not doing that right. Like in the past, I made a lot of mental health content discussing things like depression, suicide, anxiety, trauma, all these other things. And NerdCity's first video about, you know, their secret code really showed how mental health topics are being suppressed and everything like that. And I think they brought up a great point with coffee breaks video as well as the others, like the channels doing history and everything like that. Like these are things that should be promoted, especially when YouTube advocates for putting education at the top of their list. Like, you know what? Screw it. Let's talk transparency. I was teaching a lot about mental health and what got me in trouble was I started blending it in with drama because here's the thing. When I was doing education, pure education on mental health, it didn't get any views. So me, like I said, I'm always looking at things from different angles. I'm trying to think outside the box. I'm like, OK, maybe I can cover a mental health topic, but I can make it look like a drama video. You see what I mean? Like it's kind of like what NerdCity is talking about from a different angle. Like if we knew what it was, we can kind of shift the way we use our titles and, you know, our descriptions and everything like that. I realized a long time ago that YouTube is not promoting mental health education on this platform. So I tried to figure out another way to do that.  But anyways, let's talk about this next subject. The group that is trying to, I don't know if it's going to be unionization or whatever, but trying to go out for YouTube. And I'm not a lawyer, but here's the question that I have because I've worked in corporate America and stuff like that. And I'm a YouTube creator and I realize that I am not an employee of YouTube. All right. YouTube does not owe me the same as a full-time employer would. OK, so it's very interesting.  Absolutely. So I'm really interested to see where this goes legally because we're not employees of YouTube. And that's where I think the conversation gets really weird when you see YouTube creators discussing this because something I'm always reminding myself of, like, I have lost a ton of money on YouTube.  They don't technically owe me anything, right? But I understand the argument like YouTube is using these creators, you know, to promote Pride Month and everything like that. And by the way, the Way Nerd City brought up the fact that people moderating the content are from countries that have laws against being in the LGBTQ community. Like, bravo. Like, I had not even thought about that because you may have people with that bias training your algorithm. So to wrap this video up, some of you were like, man, it's been like almost 10 minutes, Chris. What do you mean? What Nerd City missed in this video? I have been talking a lot about moral philosophy, moral psychology, and everything like that. And one of the books I just finished reading was The Righteous Mind by Jonathan Haidt. By the way, if you are somebody who enjoys critically thinking and you want your life to improve and not freak out over everything, read all three books from Jonathan Haidt, all right? The Coddling of the American Mind, The Happiness Hypothesis, and the one I just mentioned, The Righteous Mind. I'll link them all down below. But anyways, The Righteous Mind, it was my introduction into moral philosophy and moral psychology. And I learned a lot about the way liberals and conservatives think, right? And when you understand that, you start to see the bigger picture. So what we see with YouTube is what we see in a lot of businesses, especially in this day and age and especially businesses that are based in California and everything like that. So me, I'm liberal, all right? I am pretty damn liberal. And I have my certain views. And those of us who are liberal, when you look at our values, I'll toss them up on the screen right here, something that we're big on is fairness and equality, right? This is something that we're huge on. Now, when you look at the moral values of conservatives, it's all kind of spread out. There's not such a heavy weight on that fairness and equality, right? So what I've seen, what I've noticed with companies like YouTube is their company culture, what they say and put out there, is very liberal. But the way they run their business is very conservative, all right? And I think that's one of the issues with just the way that our country is run in this kind of capitalist society where as liberal as you want to be because of the way that we try to make our money is that when you get into the business end of things, people are much more conservative about it. And I think that's where there's a lot of conflict with morality. And that's why you see so many people butting heads and you get so many mixed signals.  But like I said, the business is run in a very different way. But anyways, these are the things I've been thinking about lately. Make sure you go check out the Nerd City video. Absolutely phenomenal. It'll be linked down in the description below along with those book recommendations. Like I said, I've been noticing this even more lately. Like YouTube is not a community of readers. So whatever readers I am reaching out there, do yourself a favor and read these books, all right? Like they will broaden the way that you think. And I promise that you'll be a better person because of it, all right? Anyways, I'll shut up now. That's all I got for this video. Again, sorry to Nerd City and the entire team for not having faith in you, all right? Anyways, if you liked this video, please give it a thumbs up. If you're new, make sure you subscribe and ring that notification bell. And a huge, huge thank you to everybody supporting the channel over on Patreon and everybody who supports the channel by buying books and merch and all that stuff. Because like Nerd City said, we all getting demonetized up in here, baby. All right, anyways, that's all I got. I'll see you next time.


The next item of business is a statement by Nicholas Sturgeon on Covid-19 updates. The First Minister will take questions at the end of his statement and so there should be no interventions or interruptions. I call on Nicholas Sturgeon, First Minister. Just bear with me a moment, First Minister. Thank you. Thank you, Presiding Officer. I will report today on the current and at this stage much more positive course of the pandemic. I will explain why, although significant pressures and uncertainties remain, the latest data nevertheless gives us confidence that we have turned the corner on the Omicron wave. I will then confirm our next steps in lifting the protective measures introduced before Christmas. I will also indicate what we can all continue to do in the immediate period ahead to keep cases on a downward trend and reduce the pressure on the NHS and the wider economy. Finally, I will provide a further update on the vaccination programme. First, today's statistics show that 7,752 positive cases were reported yesterday through both PCR and lateral flow tests. 1,546 people are currently in hospital with Covid, that is 21 fewer than yesterday. 59 people are currently in intensive care, including 17 who have been in ICU for more than 28 days, and that is one more than yesterday. Sadly, though, a further 31 deaths have been reported, which takes a total number of deaths under the daily definition to 10,093. Once again, I send my condolences to everyone who is mourning a loved one. As we can see from the data, Omicron is continuing to infect large numbers of people here in Scotland, across the UK and, indeed, in many other countries around the world. Hospital admissions and overall hospital occupancy associated with Covid also remain high. However, notwithstanding the very real challenges that Covid continues to present, the evidence that I set out last week suggesting that the situation was beginning to improve has significantly strengthened over the past seven days. A combination of booster vaccinations, the willingness of the public to adapt their behaviour to help stem transmission and the temporary protective measures introduced in December has helped to blunt the impact of the Omicron wave. Last week, I said that the data indicated cases where falling across most age groups, and I can report today that this trend has continued. Now, there still needs to be some caution applied in interpreting case data at this stage, given the recent changes to guidance on PCR and lateral flow testing. However, data for the past 13 days taking account of both PCR and lateral flow tests shows a significant fall in the number of new positive cases. To put some detail on that, on Sunday, Monday and Tuesday of last week, 36,526 new positive cases were recorded through PCR and lateral flow tests. This week, over Sunday, Monday and today, Tuesday, 20,268 cases have been reported, so quite a significant drop. If we look just at PCR tests, although I would ask everybody to bear in mind the limitations now in doing so, we have seen cases fall from an average of almost 13,000 a day to just over 4,600. That is a decline of 64 per cent, and cases have fallen across all age groups. Test positivity in PCR tests has also declined from almost 30 per cent in early January to under 20 per cent now. The most recent Office of National Statistics data, which covers the week to 7 January and so it does have a time lag associated with it, reinforces this more stable and positive assessment. It indicated that the number of people with Covid in that week, around one in 20, was broadly the same as in the previous week. Taking all of that into account and triangulating the various sources of data allows us to say with some confidence that the rise in cases driven by Omicron peaked in the first week of January and that we are now on the downward slope of this wave of cases. This assessment is also reflected in the data on hospital admissions, hospital occupancy, the number of patients in hospital at any given time with Covid is higher than it was seven days ago, increasing from 1,479 to 1,546 today. However, the increase of 67 is significantly smaller than it was in the previous seven days and encouragingly admissions to hospital of people with Covid, although still too high, are nevertheless now falling. In the week to 7 January, 1,040 were admitted in the week to 14 January. That was down to 960. The number of people in ICU, which this time last week was rising, has also now fallen slightly over the past seven days from 65 to 59. All of that is very positive news and it comes as an enormous relief, I am sure, to all of us. Of course, we do need to recognise that there are still some uncertainties ahead and so throwing all caution to the wind at this stage would be a mistake. For example, the full impact of the return to work and school after the festive break won't be apparent yet in the data, so it is possible that we will see case numbers tick up again in the next couple of weeks. Also, just as the introduction of some protective measures may have helped to slow down transmission, it stands to reason that the lifting of those measures could have the opposite effect. Indeed, that is exactly why it makes sense to lift measures on a phased basis. Lastly, although cases are now falling, the NHS remains under acute pressure and staff absences are still causing some disruption across the economy and our critical services. While we can take great heart from the latest data, we know from experience how important it is to be responsible and appropriately cautious in the face of the virus. That is the context for the decisions that Cabinet reached this morning. Yesterday, of course, the limit on attendancies at outdoor public events was lifted. The remaining statutory measures introduced in response to Omicron are as follows. Limits on attendance at indoor public events. The requirement for 1m physical distancing between different groups in indoor public places. The requirement for table service and hospitality premises, serving alcohol on the premises and the closure of nightclubs. Given the improving situation and, as I said last week, we hoped to be able to do, I can confirm today that all of those measures will be lifted from next Monday, 24 January. We will also, from Monday, remove the guidance advising adults against non-professional indoor contact sports so that those can resume as normal. From Monday, we will also lift the guidance asking people to stick to a three household limit on indoor gatherings. However, it is important, I think, to stress this point. Notwithstanding the improving situation, the level of Covid infection circulating in the community is still high. To minimise the risk of getting the virus, it would be sensible for all of us to remain cautious in our social interactions at this stage. Even though, from Monday, we will no longer recommend a fixed upper limit on numbers of households, if we all continue to keep gatherings as small as our circumstances allow for now, I would suggest that, until the end of this month, we will reduce our chances of getting infected. Of course, we should continue to take lateral flow tests before meeting up with people from other households. Please also remember to record test results, whether positive or negative, through the UK Government website. Let me stress that this is even more important now that we are no longer advising confirmatory PCR tests for those without symptoms who test positive through lateral flow devices. Recording those results ensures that we are able to make better assessments of the trends in infection. Finally, we will continue to ask people to work from home whenever possible at this stage and for employers to facilitate this. However, we will engage with business now about a return to a more hybrid approach from the start of February. The baseline mitigation measures that were in place before Omicron and the requirement for businesses, service providers and places of worship to take reasonable measures to minimise the spread of Covid on their premises, will be retained at this stage to help keep Covid contained as this wave recedes. That means that face coverings must still be worn in public indoor settings and on public transport. Businesses and other organisations should continue to have regard to guidance and take reasonable steps to minimise the spread of Covid. Hospitality premises should continue to collect contact details for customers, which is important for the effective operation of test and protect. In addition, the Covid certification scheme will continue to apply for now to large indoor and outdoor events and to late-night venues, all settings where transmission risks can be higher. As of yesterday, guidance stipulates that organisers of events with 1,000 or more in attendance should check the certification status of at least 50 per cent of attendees or 1,000 people, whichever is higher. I indicated last week that the cabinet would consider and decide today whether or not to extend the certification scheme to other premises, such as licensed hospitality venues. That was undoubtedly the most difficult decision that we faced this morning, and yet again, the judgment that we have arrived at was finally balanced. On the one hand, extending Covid certification could offer public health benefits, ensuring that people attending certain venues are vaccinated or tested, reducing to some extent the risk of transmission and the risk of serious illness should an individual contract a virus in one of those settings. On the other hand, we understand that extending certification could create additional costs for businesses at an already very challenging time and, of course, the smaller the business, the more difficult those costs can be to bear. The task for our cabinet today was to weigh those considerations and decide what, in the current circumstances, would be proportionate. Given that cases are now falling quite rapidly and that the current wave is receding, we decided that we will not, at this stage, extend the Covid certification scheme to other premises. We will, of course, reconsider that, should circumstances and, therefore, the balance of judgment change in any significant way. If cases were to start to rise very sharply again, extension of certification might well be a more proportionate alternative to other more restrictive measures. However, our conclusion today, given the improving situation, is that extending certification would not be proportionate at this stage. There is, though, one reasonably minor change to the certification regulations that we will propose. At the moment, nightclubs and other late-night venues must apply the scheme if they have, in use, a designated area for dancing. We intend to amend the definition here to provide greater clarity and prevent premises from avoiding certification simply by having tables on a dance floor and, therefore, claiming that it is not a dance floor but, nevertheless, permitting dancing to take place. That change will take effect from Monday when late-night venues are able to reopen. Finally, let me say a few words about the updated rules on self-isolation after a positive Covid test. Those rules, confirmed two weeks ago, remain in place. If you test positive, you will be advised to self-isolate for 10 days. However, if you do not have a fever and you take two negative lateral flow tests more than 24 hours apart on day 6 and day 7, you can end self-isolation on day 7. Last week, the UK Government announced further changes to self-isolation for England. That was publicised as allowing people to end self-isolation after day 5. Essentially, however, that change simply brings England rules into line with those already enforced in Scotland. That is because, in Scotland, we count the day of a positive test as day 1 of isolation. In England, that is counted as day 0. In addition, in England, you can end self-isolation after day 5. In Scotland, you can end it on day 7. The slightly different ways of defining the beginning and the end of the self-isolation period has given the impression of difference, but the substance, the period that people are required to self-isolate for, is, in fact, the same in Scotland and in England. It is important that people are clear about that. The lifting from Monday of the protections introduced in response to Omicron is possible in part because of the efforts that everyone has made voluntarily and as a result of guidance and statutory measures to help STEM transmission. I want to put on record again today my thanks to people across the country. It is also down to the success of vaccines. At this stage of the vaccination programme, we continue to offer boosters and to implement the latest advice from the JCVI. Just before Christmas, the JCVI recommended that booster jags should be offered to 16 and 17-year-olds 12 weeks after their second jags. Any 16 or 17-year-old who had a second jag 12 weeks or more ago or who is just approaching that point can now book a booster appointment online through NHS Inform. They can also turn up at a drop-in centre and get a booster there. In addition, second doses of the vaccine are now available for 12 to 15-year-olds who had a first dose at least 12 weeks previously. Again, appointments can be booked online. Alternatively, young people can choose to go to a drop-in centre and parents and carers are, of course, welcome to attend with them. So far, the JCVI has recommended that booster jags should be offered only to those 12 to 15-year-olds at particular clinical risk from Covid. Any 12 to 15-year-old in that position will receive a letter inviting them for a booster 12 weeks after their last primary dose. There is no need to book an appointment. Finally, five to 11-year-olds with specific medical conditions that put them at greater risk from Covid will be invited for their first vaccination from this week onwards. Again, let me stress that they will be contacted directly. There is no need for them or more appropriately their parents or carers to book online. In due course, five to 11-year-olds who are household contacts of people with immune suppression will also be invited to receive vaccination. Of course, we stand ready to quickly implement any updated advice from the JCVI about vaccinating all five to 11-year-olds. There are good reasons why the JCVI has given different advice for different age groups, but I realise that it can be confusing. The NHS-informed website now has a self-help guide for parents, carers and children setting out what young people need to do to get vaccinated and when they can do it. If you cannot get online, you can also get this information by phoning the vaccination hotline on 0800 030 8013. That is 0800 030 8013. The final point that I want to make relates to vaccinations for adults. Scotland has achieved very high rates of vaccination. We are the most vaccinated part of the UK in terms of first, second, third and booster doses, but there are still more than 600,000 people over the age of 18 who are eligible for a booster but have not yet had it, and there are hundreds of thousands more who have not yet had a first or second dose. I encourage anyone who falls into one of those categories to make an appointment as soon as possible or go to a drop-in clinic. There is plenty capacity and you will be made welcome. The latest available data adjusted for age shows that someone not fully vaccinated is at least four times more likely to require hospital treatment than someone who has had a booster or third dose. Although being fully vaccinated does not eradicate the risk for any of us of getting Covid, it does reduce that risk and therefore it also reduces the risk of us passing it on to others. If you choose, therefore, without good reason not to be fully vaccinated, you are putting your own and others' lives at unnecessary risk. So if you haven't had a booster or third jaquette yet, please come forward as soon as possible and if you haven't had a first or second dose yet, please do so without delay. It is never too late to get the Covid vaccines and to start getting the protection that those vaccines offer. The situation that we face today is undoubtedly less severe and much more positive than it might otherwise have been without the sacrifices that everyone has made over the past few weeks. Despite what people may be hearing from media commentary, we have not yet moved from the epidemic to the endemic phase of Covid, although I do hope that that transition is under way. However, we are, I hope, once again entering a much calmer phase of the epidemic. That then allows us to consider the adaptations that we might need to make to build our resilience and manage this virus in a less restrictive way in future as we do move into an endemic phase. We have, as I have indicated in previous weeks, started work now on an updated strategic framework and we will be consulting on that over coming weeks. All of that therefore gives us much cause for renewed optimism. That said, we are still in a challenging position. The NHS does remain under very significant pressure. Indeed, as is reflected in today's A&E waiting time figures, the past couple of weeks have probably been the most difficult the NHS has ever faced. As Covid-related staff absences have compounded the other pressures it is dealing with. The number of Covid cases across Scotland, although declining, also remain high. Because Omicron is so infectious, there is still a significant risk attached to social meetings and interactions. That is why, although we can be increasingly optimistic at this stage, we must all still play our part in helping to further slow the spread of the virus. I close by highlighting again the steps that we can all take to help to do that. First, as I have just talked about at length, please do get fully vaccinated if you have not already. Second, take care when socialising until Monday, keep indoor gatherings to a maximum of three households. After that, I suggest that for the rest of this month, try to keep them as small as your circumstances allow. Test before you go every time. Lastly, please take all the other precautions that we know make a difference. Keep windows open if meeting indoors. Continue to work from home for now if you can. We are face-covering on public transport in shops and when moving about in hospitality and follow all advice on hygiene. Those measures do make a difference. The fact that so many people have stuck with them has helped to make it possible to lift the protective measures that were put in place before Christmas. If we continue to stick with them, we can all continue to do our bit to keep each other safe, protect the NHS and keep us firmly on the path, even if only metaphorically speaking, to a much sunnier spring and summer. The First Minister will now take questions on the issues raised in her statement. I intend to allow around 40 minutes for questions after which we will move on to the next item of business. I would be grateful if members who wish to ask a question were to press their request-to-speak buttons now or enter R in the chat function. I call Sandesh Culhani. Let me begin by urging everyone to keep getting vaccinated. Even if you have so far been against the vaccine, there is still time to change your mind and get your first jag. The First Minister's statement begins a sea change in the Government's policy, starting to shift from a rules-based approach more towards trusting the Scottish public as we were pushing for. Yesterday, we called for an end to all business restrictions, an end to guidance on household mixing and social distancing and an end to the ban on indoor sports. We did so because the data shows that we are past the peak of Omicron. At this stage, protecting mental health, physical health and Scottish jobs is every bit as important as slowing the spread of Covid. Most of what we have called for has been met, but the Government still have not gone far enough in two key areas. Firstly, we welcome the move away from guidance on working from home, but can the First Minister explain the evidence behind that decision? Why, at this stage, can we not go further? Perhaps publish all the evidence used to make this decision. Secondly, it is right that the First Minister has backed down on extending the vaccine passport scheme. For many Scottish businesses, it remains a burden and a potential risk. The First Minister has twice threatened to extend the scheme to Scottish businesses, twice she has backed down. Is not it about time that the First Minister accepted that this scheme is a dud and scrapped it altogether? Finally, while we are past the peak of the Omicron crisis, we are at the peak of the crisis in A&E departments. The latest appalling A&E figures show the worst-ever waiting times for patients. Double the number of patients were waiting more than the target time compared to the same week last year. My colleagues on the front line of the NHS are overwhelmed. Covid is making things worse, but the root of the problem is not Omicron—it is the lack of a credible plan from Humza Yousaf. How many wake-up calls does the health secretary need before he finally devises a coherent strategy to tackle the unacceptable emergency waiting times in Scotland? The Government policy and approaches to tackling Covid has throughout these past two years and will continue to adapt in line with changes in the path of the virus, keeping the public as safe as possible, will continue to be a driving imperative. The approach that we are taking is balanced, appropriately and suitably cautious, and data-driven. For all those reasons, it stands in stark contrast to the approach that the Conservatives have proposed at each and every stage. I would gently remind the chamber and indeed the public again today that at every turn, whenever decisions have been taken, the Conservatives have, in my view, rather opportunistically opposed whatever the Scottish Government had recommended. That has been the case on face coverings, the case on working from home, and the case on mitigations in our schools. With the greatest respect, when the Conservatives have called it wrong at every key juncture in the tackling of the virus, forgive me if I continue to follow clinical advice and take careful judgments rather than follow the advice that the member is offering today. On working from home, I continue to be really surprised that Dr Gohani asks me for evidence of things that I think even non-clinically qualified people now see as pretty obvious. When you are coming out of a wave of this virus, the worst thing to do is to lift all restrictions at exactly the same time and allow all the mixing and interactions that we have been trying to restrict to happen again all at once. Therefore, what is the evidence of saying that if people are not working from home, not travelling to get to work, not coming together in canteens, for example, at lunchtime, is that when we reduce that kind of interaction, we reduce the opportunities for the virus to spread. While we are lifting other restrictions for a couple of weeks longer, it is prudent to keep that piece of guidance in place. It is common sense, I would argue, and I think that most people across the country understand that. Secondly, on accident emergency, in passing on back to my earlier point, I would simply say that had we followed the advice that I can give that polite term of the Conservatives and lifted measures prematurely at previous stages, not had in place the mitigations that we have in place, we would be in a much worse position with Covid than we are right now, and the pressure on our national health service and accident and emergency departments would be even greater than it is right now. We continue to support our national health service. The figures for A&E today reflect probably the most difficult period in the history of the national health service over the past couple of weeks, when staff absences have compounded the other pressures. I would hope that we will see those figures start to improve in the weeks ahead. We will continue to support the national health service in every way that we can, but the biggest thing, the most important thing all of us can do to support the national health service right now, is continue to act in the careful way that we have been doing to keep cases on that downward trajectory. I call Anas Sarwar. Can I start by sending my condolences to all those who have lost a loved one throughout this pandemic? Today's announcements offer hope to a lot of people who can once again look forward to getting some more normality back in their lives, but too many businesses are still teetering on the brink, and too many workers have found themselves waiting for weeks with no support. Just one example from my home city, where the First Minister needs to go further now, more than 100 staff working at two Glasgow theatres have been left out pay for an entire month. That is just one example for one sector that tells a story about the lack of urgency from this Government. The scheme that would support those workers won't even publish its guidelines until tomorrow and applications won't open for another week, never mind dispersal of the actual money. Those workers have bills to pay and families to feed now. What will the First Minister do today to support those workers and all light them across the whole of Scotland? Two years into this pandemic, we should have already had a system that is built in resilience, and we all hope that the worst is behind us. However, going forward, any changes in those restrictions cannot be ad hoc. We need a system that sets clear trigger points on what people can expect when cases do rise and lays out what financial support will be made available to people when they be entitled to it and when they will receive it. When can we expect meaningful debate on detailed proposals for a framework like this to come to this Parliament? Restrictions, while well-intentioned, have had a detrimental impact on people's mental health and wellbeing, and we cannot expect people to live their lives like that indefinitely. First Minister, on business support, the money that has been made available, I remind people that much of the money that is made available in Scotland is not available in other parts of the UK, is flowing where appropriate from local authorities. In the case of theatres and those in the culture sector from Creative Scotland, Creative Scotland has already started paying, for example, successful applicants to the freelancers hardship fund and other funds will be following right now. As I said last week, we are working with local authorities, with other agencies, to get this money out the door and into the bank accounts of those who need it as quickly as possible. There are checks and processes that have to be applied to guard against fraud. I noted yesterday the Chancellor of the Exchequer saying that £4.3 billion was being written off in money that had been fraudulently claimed earlier in the pandemic. I can imagine Anna Sarwar's reaction if we were in a position of taking decisions without appropriate checks here. Work continues to get that money out to people as quickly as possible, because we understand how badly needed it is. On the second point around the framework, I have already said that we have started work on the framework. We will consult with parties across the chamber, with businesses and others across society in the coming weeks. We will bring that to Parliament over the next few weeks for debate and for a vote. It is really important to understand the uncertainties that still exist. I understand the clamour for certainty. We all want certainty, but we are dealing with an unpredictable virus. Fixed trigger points would not serve anybody well at the moment, because we need to continue to apply judgment to use the example of Omicron, a new variant. As we quickly found out with Omicron, it did not behave in exactly the same way as Delta did. Trigger points designed for Delta or now designed for Omicron might not be appropriate for the variant that comes along next. We have to retain a degree of flexibility. Frankly, anybody who suggests otherwise is not going to navigate a path through this virus that serves the country well. Much of what we have done has been in line with other countries across the world. I think that we have had far fewer restrictions in the latter phase of the pandemic than some other countries have had. No country has the magic answers to this, but as we learn more, we can have more certainty about the path that we take. However, that degree of flexibility, and I would say this very forcibly based on all my experience of the past two years, is really important to retain. Alex Cole-Hamilton Thank you very much, Presiding Officer. It is gratifying to hear that the Scottish Government have determined that it would be disproportionate to roll out the further use of vaccine certification at this stage. Liberal Democrats have always said that Covid ID cards are disproportionate full stop, and I hope that they will now fall away. Presiding Officer, the announcements today will represent light at the tunnel for many, many people, not least in the hospitality sector, which was hobbled by the restrictions over Christmas and many of whom are still looking for answers. Answers really matter, and people need to trust that if further restrictions are required in the future, they will be based in transparency and in a science that they can see. That makes it concerning, Presiding Officer, that the information commissioner ruled last week that the Government had acted unlawfully in withholding projections about a second wave. Can I ask the Scottish Government, in the light of the rebuke by the information commissioner, if it will commit to moving forward with transparency going forward? First, on the issue of Covid certification, I think that the difference between me and the Scottish Government and Alex Cole-Hamilton is that we assess the proportionality on the basis of the evidence and we make balanced judgments. If the evidence shows us that Covid certification is a less restrictive option than other measures, then we will consider that. Alex Cole-Hamilton takes a fixed ideological position, which I think in the face of an infectious virus is not appropriate, and that perhaps is the key difference. In terms of restrictions, none of us want to go back to restrictions. Even over the past few weeks, when we have had further protective measures in place, they have been far less restrictive than at earlier stages in the pandemic. As we do, as we have been now for most of this year gradually learning to live with Covid in a greater and greater way, but we need to continue to assess these things based on the evidence. The Government has been totally transparent. We publish figures every single day. That is the data. People say that shows the data. We publish the data every day. The evidence is how the virus behaves, and we know from epidemiological evidence that the virus spreads when people come together. It spreads more when people come together in particular settings. We will continue to enhance that data as our knowledge becomes more developed. In terms of the freedom of information issue, the commissioner found that the information that was held was of a type to which the exemption, which covered development of Government policy, was applicable. It accepted that this information was intended to assist in developing policy in relation to a possible second wave, but it took a different view in assessing the public interest issue, and we will consider the commissioner's decision now carefully and respond appropriately. I call Ruth Maguire, and I would take this opportunity on behalf of the Parliament to welcome Ms Maguire back. Thank you, Presiding Officer. I was hoping to slip in quietly, but thank you anyway. On Saturday, NHS Ayrshire and Arran held a drop-in vaccination clinic for pregnant women and women who had recently delivered their baby at the Ayrshire maternity unit, a very welcome initiative. It is crucial that women looking to conceive, including those accessing specialist IVF treatment, are also provided with timely information and advice on vaccination and how that might impact their hopes of conceiving. An example of where that did not happen was raised with me recently. Those involved were left devastated. What action is the Scottish Government taking to ensure that women looking to conceive and those providing their healthcare are kept properly informed about the importance of vaccinations? Thank you, Presiding Officer. I also say how brilliant it is to have Ruth Maguire back with us as a friend, colleague and MSP from my hometown. It is absolutely brilliant to see her looking so well and back here in Parliament. Covid continues, and it is important to stress this, to pose a serious risk to unvaccinated pregnant women and their babies. Data from Public Health Scotland shows that 98 per cent of pregnant women with Covid who required intensive care in Scotland were unvaccinated. A decision was therefore taken by ministers to temporarily defer fertility treatment for women who are not fully vaccinated. I fully understand that undergoing fertility treatment is an emotional experience for those involved. Treatment centres are providing counselling to those women who want to discuss vaccination in more detail and are in touch with patients to provide further information on treatment and vaccination. Public Health Scotland has also produced information leaflets and online information encouraging vaccine uptake among pregnant women. An additional guidance on fertility and vaccination can be found on our parent club and NHS informed websites. Throughout the pandemic, I have raised hospital parking for NHS staff with the First Minister, and I welcome some of the steps that the Government has taken. However, from the start of this week, NHS staff here in Edinburgh are having their parking rights removed at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. Over 20,000 people have signed a petition calling for a rethink, so can I ask the First Minister specifically, does she agree with me that front-line NHS staff working night shifts should always be given the option of a parking space? Secondly, will she today agree to a national review of hospital parking for NHS staff? I agree that NHS staff should not have to pay to park their cars when they turn up to work. I was the health secretary who removed car parking charges at NHS-owned car parks. At the start of the pandemic, of course, Jeane Freeman, who was health secretary, managed to secure the removal of car parking charges from the PFI car parks that still had them. It is an important principle. I will ask the health secretary to engage with the health board about the particular issue so that we can ensure, particularly at this exceptionally challenging time for those who work in the front-line of our NHS, that they are not being penalised unfairly. As we all know, the challenges of the pandemic and more recently the omicron variant have placed increased pressures on social care settings. The health and social care partnership in Aberdeen are having to take staff away from other services and redeploy them to ease that pressure. What impact does the First Minister anticipate that the funding of SSC registration and PVG checks will have on staffing levels in the sector? Is there anything more that we can do to help the social care front-line? The introduction of Scottish Government funding for SSC registration fees and PVG checks aims to assist easing winter pressures across the sector by removing any financial barriers that might stop people from applying for a career in care. It is all about supporting those who work in the sector. Health and social care partnerships continue to face significant challenges in providing social care due to increased levels of demand and staff absences. We will continue to look at all options to further support the workforce. Today, the Deputy First Minister, along with the Cabinet Secretary for Health and Social Justice, is meeting with council leaders, local authority chief executives, COSLA NHS boards and the third sector to discuss the need for a whole system response to prioritise social care and agree what more can be done both nationally and locally. People living in care homes where self-isolation is 14 days and can last longer were not mentioned in the statement today, and many of them fear that they are being forgotten as the rest of us move on. Some families from care home relatives Scotland describe their loved ones as having no visitors, no freedom and, worst of all, no hope. Will the First Minister listen to their concerns? Will she reassess the proportionality of the 14-day isolation rules? Will we await for the Government to give effect to Anne's law? Will she ensure that full use is being made of PPE, testing and vaccines to facilitate safe visiting and contact between care home residents and their loved ones? First Minister, care homes should be ensuring appropriate visiting for residents and making full use of PPE and testing. I know that care homes are working hard to do that. I am looking specifically at the issue of self-isolation. Our overriding priority throughout the pandemic indeed, although decisions, of course, understandably have been subject to questioning and criticism, but our overriding priority has been to safeguard and protect residents and staff in care homes. At times during the pandemic, those have been some of the most difficult decisions with some of the most challenging and difficult outcomes, but it remains really important that we take very, very careful decisions here, given the frailty and the vulnerability of the people that we are discussing. The measures that are currently in place ensure that loved ones can have contact with residents while balancing the Covid risk and the need to keep people safe in line with clinical and public health advice. That is especially true, given the emergence of Omicron, which is so much more infectious. However, as I said in the chamber last week, given the recent changes to isolation more generally that we announced two weeks ago, we had already commissioned public health experts to review the guidelines currently in place for care home residents, and we expect to be able to announce an updated position on that imminently. However, I hope that Monica Lennon and indeed the whole chamber will accept that it is important that we do so on the basis of quality clinical and expert advice. My understanding is that the latest round of business grants for hospitality and similar businesses has gone to those that got it in the previous rounds. However, for some businesses, either they are new or their circumstances have changed and they missed the first round for a technicality, is it possible for such businesses to get a grant in this latest round? Yes, it is. New hospitality businesses that did not previously receive funding can complete an application form. That means that local authorities can then assess their eligibility, and they will be contacted by local authorities within 14 days of receiving an application. The application form is live on the Scottish Government website. The reason for automatically going to those who previously got support is for speed of getting money to people, but we do not want to exclude anybody who did not get support previously if they are entitled to it now. I am pleased that we are seeing a downturn in cases, but, as we know, things can change rapidly, so it is essential that caution is maintained. I am relieved that we are not following the reckless advice of those who suggested scrapping self-isolation for those who test positive. We need to ensure public compliance with measures, and that means supporting those who need to isolate. Will the First Minister confirm that the Scottish Government will continue to make support available for those who need to isolate? Yes, I can confirm that. It is an important point to raise. Isolation remains an important part of our response to the virus to help us to break the chains of transmission. That is obviously particularly the case when someone has tested positive. One of the unanswered questions in what the Conservatives were calling on us to do yesterday, which was just to, as I read, remove everything and take our chances with Covid, is whether they were actually suggesting that we should remove self-isolation for those who had tested positive. In part, that is something that they will take the opportunity to clarify. We will keep in place support for those who are self-isolating, because we recognise the financial challenges. None of that is easy. None of that is what any of us want to be in the position of doing, but particularly at this stage, almost two years in, it is really important that we take basic precautions in order to avoid, as far as we can, the situation going into reverse again. The vaccination certification programme has been pivotal in allowing people to take part in activities in Scotland during Covid restrictions, but also for those who are travelling aboard for work or for pleasure in order to meet the requirements of the country that they are visiting. Can the First Minister give any advice to those who are relying on a paper copy of the vaccine certificate to ensure that they can prove their booster status and access an up-to-date QR code? Paper certificates are available. I set that out again last week. They are accepted at domestic venues, where the certification scheme is in operation, and also accepted by most countries around the world for entry through borders. Boosters were added to paper certificates on 13 December, so people should request a new copy if their certificate was issued before that date. In addition, QR codes are regularly updated for security reasons, and paper copies should be renewed every three months to ensure that a valid QR code is used. If possible, we encourage people to use the app for domestic purposes and, indeed, for international travel certification requirements, because that updates all QR codes each time the app is activated, but paper copies continue to be available. Russell Finlay to be followed by Audrey Nicholl. Today, the Scottish Court Service published new data about tens of thousands of pending criminal trials, many delayed by Covid. The most recent figures from December show that 760 of those are in the High Court. In every single one, there is a victim or a murder victim's family waiting for justice. Presiding Officer, the Scottish Government rejected my party's call for additional funding to clear the backlog, so what would the First Minister say to those victims and their families? We are, of course, making funding available to the court's service to help with backlog. Also, we have ensured in the budget, the draft budget that was published just a matter of weeks ago, that the justice system more generally, including the court system and, indeed, the Crown Office, are getting a fair settlement in light of the circumstances that we face. I deeply regret the impact of the virus on everybody who has suffered because of it. Many, many people have suffered health impacts because they have had the virus become seriously unwell. Sadly, too many people across our country are bereaved as a result of the virus, but even for those of us who have not had the virus or who have not lost a family member, there have been a plethora of other impacts. That undoubtedly includes victims of crime having trials delayed. I wish none of that had happened. I wish we were in and never had been in this global pandemic, but we are and we need to continue to manage the impacts of this. Getting Covid under control, keeping it under control, moving into a phase where we can manage it much less restrictively is a key part of that. Supporting and funding organisations to catch up on the backlog is work that we will continue to have our focus for this year, and no doubt, in some respects, beyond that. We continue to give all of that our utmost priority as we move forward. To ask the First Minister what further help the Scottish Government can offer vaccine trial participants so that they are not disadvantaged by recent changes to rules on self-isolation and international travel. In particular, the requirement for a booster, something that many trial participants do not yet qualify for. It is an important question for those who take part in trials. Let me stress that clinical trial participants are treated the same as the rest of the population and therefore are eligible for boosters and offered them in line with the normal eligibility criteria for the booster programme. For domestic and international travel self-isolation on return to Scotland, clinical trial participants are treated as if they are fully vaccinated and therefore should follow the guidance on testing and self-isolation detailed on gov.scot. For travel to other countries, all travellers should follow the relevant individual guidance and entry conditions required. Further information on other countries' entry requirements is available at gov.uk. Daniel Johnson, to be followed by Paul MacLennan On 5 January, the First Minister confirmed that £375 million would be made available for business support to date. I believe that only £262 million has been allocated, leaving £113 million. If correct, when will this sum be allocated? Will it afford the Government ability to address the issues outlined by Mr Mason, but also to extend support to sectors that so far have completely missed out such as retail, given the deeply damaging impact restrictions have had on this most critical trading time of the year? I remind the chamber of my register of interests. First Minister, we continue to liaise with individual sectors to try to make sure that any remaining funds that we have to allocate are targeted as effectively as possible. We started allocating funds to those most obviously impacted, but there are a variety of other impacts that we want to make sure that we properly understand and, as far as resources allow us to address and respond to, so further announcements will be made in due course and as quickly as possible. We will also publish, as we did in previous stages of the pandemic, outturn data on the actual debursment of moneys, and that will be published at or towards the end of January. We will do everything within our power to make sure that all businesses across different sectors that have been impacted by this most latest phase get some help and as much help as we are able to provide. People throughout Scotland have been disgusted by the hypocritical behaviour of the Prime Minister, who has floated the rules of his own Government on numerous occasions and yet continues in his role. What would the First Minister say to those people who feel that this situation undermines the credibility of the public health message? I think that I have made my views clear, as many other people have, about the reports of repeated and serial breaches of the Covid rules on the part of the Prime Minister or those working for and around the Prime Minister. I absolutely understand the intense anger that people feel about this, given the very painful sacrifices that so many people have made over the past couple of years. Of course, all of that has the potential to undermine compliance with the things that we are still asking people to do, but what I would say to people is that the reason for complying with any guidance or protective measures in place at any time during this pandemic is not because a Prime Minister or a First Minister or any politician tells you to do so. The reason all of us should do this is to keep ourselves and those we love and the whole country as safe as possible. I appeal to everybody, while we are still in this pandemic, not to allow understandable and justified anger at politicians to get in the way of doing the right thing for yourself and your loved ones. Many people are contacting Covid over a festive period. Many will not be able to get their booster for another four weeks. As the First Minister said in his statement, more than 600,000 people over age 18 are eligible for a booster but have not had it yet, and there are hundreds of thousands more who have not yet had a first or second dose. Will the First Minister therefore commit to keeping mass vaccination centres open for the foreseeable future, such as the Scolty Centre in Bancary? We will keep access to vaccination open, available and accessible. I absolutely give that assurance that we will never be too late to get this vaccination. I am not going to stand here and say that every single centre that was open and necessary, while we were vaccinating large numbers of people on a daily basis, will remain open. As we go through different phases of the vaccination programme, different models of provision will be more appropriate. A large vaccination centre, when we are dealing with more of a trickle of people rather than a big flood of people, would not be a good or an efficient use of resources. We will judge this on an ongoing basis, as we have done throughout. I do not pretend on any aspect of handling this virus that we have got everything right all of the time. Manifestly we have not, but we stand here right now on first, second, third and booster doses as the most vaccinated part of the UK, which would suggest that the approaches that we have taken to this so far have been effective and we have got a responsibility to make sure that they remain so. On the central question, of course, we will absolutely make sure that anybody who is not already vaccinated and wants to come forward for their vaccination has the ability to do so. Marie McNair, to be followed by Paul Sweeney. Thank you, Presiding Officer. The support that has been announced by the Scottish Government in recent weeks has been welcomed, particularly given that support is not available to businesses elsewhere in the UK. My office has been contacted by a local independent travel agent who continues to struggle due to Covid. Given that the Scottish Government does not have the powers to borrow resources to extend support further to other businesses, what representation has the First Minister made to the UK Government to provide funding for those currently not eligible for financial support? We have made repeated calls on the UK Government to increase the level of support available during the Omicron wave either across the UK or we have been joined in this call by the Welsh and the Northern Irish Governments to make available a process whereby our devolved Governments can do so. There have been some new money provided but not nearly as much as I think would have been appropriate. We continue to ensure that we maximise what we are able to provide from our own resources and get this money to businesses as quickly as possible. As I said in relation to a previous answer, there are some funds that we have made available that we have not yet allocated and therefore we are further consulting with affected sectors and this may be relevant to Marie McNair's question with those sectors about how it can best be targeted. I press the First Minister on my constituents who have been affected by the closure of theatres in Glasgow. They have gone a month without wages and they really need direct assurance from the First Minister that they will be helped. That is a serious financial imposition at this time, so I can ask the First Minister to take direct oversight of this particular issue up to 150 workers affected. Can he please get a clear solution from the First Minister? I am happy to follow up with the First Minister if necessary. I have oversight of all aspects of the response to Covid. That is my job and my duty. I understand absolutely how difficult it is for any organisation, whether it is theatres or other businesses, that have been impacted by these recent restrictions. That is why we have allocated money and are working to get that money to organisations and therefore to those who need it most as quickly as possible. Of course, I will ask the economy secretary to follow up in more detail with the member. Should that be helpful? Stuart McMillan, to be followed by Sharon Dowie. Last week, it was announced that a £4 million funding package would be put in place to support unpaid carers. What impact does the First Minister anticipate that this will have on the lives of unpaid carers who have faced greatly increased pressures during the pandemic? Lots of people, almost everybody in the country, but particular groups of people have been very severely impacted by the pandemic. However, there are few groups who have been impacted more severely than unpaid carers who already carry a significant burden. I have had that burden seriously exacerbated because of the pressures and the strains of dealing with Covid. There is no amount of money that will ever repay unpaid carers for the debt that we owe them, but through a number of strands—the supplement to the carers allowance, for example—where we try to do more to help. The additional money will help to provide some respite for carers and additional support in different ways to help them to deal with the burden that they are currently carrying. However, we will continue to look for always in which we can further support unpaid carers in the period ahead. From large-scale events such as Edinburgh's Hugmanay to smaller ones such as Prestwick's Christmas Market, events organisers have had a tough festive period. This has had a knock-on effect on other businesses, including B&Bs, who have already had a difficult year and cancelled events that have only added to their problems. My questions twofold. How much of the £21 million to support culture in events is now actually in the pockets of recipients? What support has been provided to B&B owners and other providers of short-term accommodations since December 2021, and what plans are there to introduce additional support? The money that we have made available across different sectors is in the process of flowing to businesses. As I said in response to Paul Sweeney or Daniel Johnson's question, we will publish out-turn information on each of the strands of business support that will show exactly how much of it has been allocated, and we will publish that information at the end of January. We will continue to ensure that we are doing as much as possible to support whether it is B&Bs or other parts of the hospitality and leisure sectors that have been very badly affected by the pandemic generally, but in particular in the past few weeks. I repeat a central point here. The most important thing that we can do—perhaps not the most important thing, because in the immediate term that is financial assistance, but overall the most important thing that we can do is keep Covid under control, which is why I would appeal to everybody across the chamber to understand why a careful, cautious path out of this wave is really important in the wider economic interests, as well as the health interests of the country. To ask the Scottish Government how it plans to ensure that the inequality gap does not widen as a result of the thousands of people being plunged into debt due to the pandemic, along with soaring energy prices, food costs and coupled with the cuts to universal credit. In this Government, we are taking a range of actions to try to tackle inequality, the national mission to tackle child poverty, the commitment, for example, of more than £800 million to provide more affordable housing. In the Covid recovery strategy, we set out very specific actions to tackle the inequalities that have been exacerbated by Covid. That includes work to increase financial security for low-income households. This financial year, we are providing more than £7 million to support free debt advice, including funding to meet increased demand over the winter period. We had TV adverts starting this week through our money support campaign, making it clear that people do not have to deal with financial problems alone, signposting them to free debt advice services, and that is just some of the support that this Government is providing. Evelyn Tweed is absolutely right that all of this is being undermined by the lack of action on the part of the UK Government to help with soaring energy costs and wider inflationary pressures. Of course, all of this has been severely undermined by the completely wrong-headed and cruel decision to remove the £20 a week universal credit uplift. As we take action, it is incumbent across all of us in this chamber to call on the UK Government to live up to their responsibilities to ensure that inequality does not get worse as a result of the pandemic that we are living through. That concludes the First Minister's statement. Covid-19 update. There will be a brief pause before the next statement.