Hello there. Not since the good ol' days of Tea Break Mike, we've had so much to talk about in the world of Jurassic World drama. So without further ado, let's get into this mess of a situation, shall we? So in today's drama in the Jurassic World community, we have one YouTuber who goes by Andy's dinosaur reviews, who's just received three strikes and is about to lose their channel in seven days, which is nice. We also have Tim from CollectsJurassic, who has lost their Instagram account, and another dinosaur YouTuber you may have heard of him, Best in Slot, who has received a strike. All of these are basically linked to the same company, so don't even know why I have this one. Let's take that off. So this all started on the 5th of February, where Tim from CollectsJurassic posted this to Twitter, which said that they just got a message from Instagram, saying your account has been disabled and you are no longer permitted to use Instagram. Your account has been reported multiple times for violating someone else's rights. So as everyone knows, this summer Jurassic World dominion the final in the trilogy of the Jurassic World franchise is releasing, and with it, of course, are a whole plethora of new toys, new ranges and all that jazz, as well as the dinosaurs that have yet to have even been shown in the Jurassic World universe, something quite big. And what Tim had done from CollectsJurassic, he'd bought one online and then he'd taken pictures on Instagram and made a YouTube on video unboxing said toy. And I assume that this is what either Universal or Mattel had seen and decided, well, okay, we don't want spoilers if it was Universal, we'll get rid of this, or Mattel, that's a toy that's to be yet released officially worldwide, we'll look at that band. So CollectJurassic posted this saying that Colin Travarro had purposely dropped PyroRaptor, which is one I'm assuming the toy that he unboxed, I didn't get to see it because this was all happened under me nose, I had no idea about it. And also that you know, you could actually buy the toy that he had bought online at a site called ToyWiz. So nothing that he had done was, you know, specifically from leaks. And when every Jurassic World movie comes out, especially if you're in the community, you've seen all the toys before they're properly released. You know what I'm talking about. They will get leaked into Discord groups and all this jazz and you see them. I've seen them, but I'm not going to make a video on it for this set of reasons. So this actually escalated further when they gave us an update to their YouTube channel actually getting a strike. Now you can get three strikes on a YouTube channel before it gets terminated. Back in the day, you got a strike, it was like a really bad thing. Now if you get a strike, there's not too much. I think you can't livestream and that's it. I could be wrong there, but it goes within 90 days.  But one good thing that came out of this strike was that it showed who was behind all this. This actually was Mattel. Now I've had my own run-ins with Mattel. I mean, you've seen on my channel, they've sent me things and I've had to do disclaimer. This is sponsored by Mattel. This video is sponsored by Mattel. So I have worked with them per se, but my contact with them is very limited. But it appears that they are showing their true colors at the moment anyway. As Collec Jurassic says, today's update, my Instagram appeal was denied. I received a more detailed takedown notification from YouTube identifying Mattel as the copyright holder for a video of toys I bought from the website toywiz.com who are still listing the toys themselves. This is unbelievable. My only run-in with this sort of thing was back in 2018. I made a video actually covering leaked toys and the video only went up for about 24 hours. Not even that.  It was basically blocked worldwide. But within those couple of hours it got like 100,000 views. It was crazy. But I didn't get a strike for it. And you know, I kind of knew I was doing something a bit cheeky. So I was fine with Mattel blocking it. I was like, you know what? It is what it is. These things have not been released yet. You cannot buy them. Fair do's. However, they seem to have stepped up their game because I know the YouTube channel and Instagram, you know, toys reviews and these dinosaur reviews. They post lots of updates to all like dinosaur toys that are coming up and stuff like that as well as covering some Jurassic World stuff. They got a lot worse. They got three strikes basically Mattel going, yeah, you're losing your channel. That is terrifying.  And then all of a sudden a company without any, you know, no word from them saying, oh, would you mind take them down? They just basically delete your YouTube channel. Actually, I don't know whether you already had two strikes from something else, but it does appear, you know, this was the final straw that broke the camel's back or it was all three at once. So they are losing their YouTube channel in seven days. So we have one dinosaur toy reviewer who has lost their Instagram. And we have another one that there is about to lose their YouTube channel all because of Mattel and the toys that aren't technically released, but are purchasable. And this is where it gets into a gray area with embargoes and other stuff like that. For instance, let's take, I don't know, something I'm really passionate about at the moment, Warhammer. They release codexes for every army. And a couple of weeks ago, somebody got their hands on a tau codex, which is an army that has yet to be released, their rules. And what they were doing is they were going on Reddit and posting and answering questions about, you know, everything that was coming up. Now, what do you think Warhammer did?  They did see, they did nothing. They just let it go. And now you can actually buy the codex. And what this did was build hype. I there was videos on YouTube. I was, you know, building armies and stuff and think, oh, what can I do about this? And it happens no matter what kind of media you're in. So games will, you know, the embargoes might be broken by certain YouTubes. I know that Frontier with Jurassic World Evolution had a few instances. In fact, it seems like every time they've had to have an embargo, some things went wrong. Either games released early. There was a guy in France who had Jurassic World Evolution 2 before it was released. And they didn't ban his account or anything. They just asked them, like, would you mind stop? I think, at least I think they did. They asked them, would you mind, you know, not posting this? But they didn't ban him outright. And without social media, these cases would just not be shown at all. I wouldn't have been notified this if I didn't have a Twitter account. And even though I haven't really been as prevalent in the toy community as of recent since Fallen Kingdom, I've kind of taken a back seat. Does that look good? But it's up to us to stop this stuff from being abused because YouTube gives companies so many ways in which to punish creators. It doesn't seem fair. And the only thing that we have is to be able to band together and say, no, actually, this isn't right. And without making a big fuss, nothing would be changed. And I know that if I was, you know, still making toy reviews, I would be in exactly the same boat, especially if I was able to purchase this. I remember what it was like in 2015 when the toys were released, you know, trying to get my hands on them as quickly as possible and to make a video on them as quickly as possible. I know what the grind's like. I know exactly what was going through Tim's head when he was seeing them able to be purchased. It's like, well, it's able to be purchased. That's not my fault. I'm a consumer. I will buy them. I will review them. You know, the first one to get the video up, gets the views and all that chance and yet to be punished for that.   I would have done exactly the same. And I would probably be in the same boat. I hopefully wouldn't have got three freaking copyright strikes or had my Instagram banned, basically, because it says that he's not able to use Instagram anymore. So I don't know if they're IP banned or or anything like that or device banned. I don't know exactly how it works. But that is really over the top. And not only have we had those two, you know, YouTube, Instagram, Influencers banned, but actually, Bessenslaught has received a strike as well. He went on to Twitter to say that he had also received a strike from Mattel. Now, going off my previous experience, having that video in 2018 claimed and blocked worldwide, I was curious as whether maybe he was overdramaticizing it and saying that it was a strike when actually it was just a claim, which basically does nothing. They just take the money. So I asked him to clear it up and no, it actually was a strike. Like the one out of three, you get three, you lose your account. But they did. It's just ludicrous. Now, I did watch Bessenslaught's video and in it he covered upcoming toys. It was interesting because I was wondering whether it was actually going to be universal that was doing this because I know what Bessenslaught covered. It wasn't a major spoiler. It was just something that was in Jurassic World Dominion. That would be a surprise to people before Jurassic World Fallen Kingdom came out. I made a video saying something like, don't watch this. I figured out the ending to Fallen Kingdom or this could be potential spoilers for the ending of Fallen Kingdom. What's interesting about it is that it was the ending to Fallen Kingdom. Lego said you can pull a little thing and the top of the roof of the Lockwood Manor falls through and Interruptor falls down. And what is at the bottom of the Lego set? That's right. The Triceratops Skeleton. Now, me publishing that video, Universal had the chance to take it down.  But they didn't do that, even though Bessenslaught showed that he had, you know, he'd spoiled a little bit about the movie. I had a feeling that it was probably going to be Mattel judging from what happened with that previous video I'd made. But there is a light at the end of the tunnel, at least for one of them, or at least two. Bessenslaught's thing will go up in 90 days and it'll be gone. CollectJurassic's posted this today, saying in the update, things are being looked into. I don't know is this Instagram or is it YouTube? Everyone hold on to your butts. Keep it civil and let's see how this plays out, because they had actually, you know, appealed Instagram had been blocked, but they've submitted new appeals with Instagram and YouTube. With evidence of fair use, because that's kind of what it is. There was no leaks. There was no in the hand. They had it literally in their hands. And if successful, I will voluntarily remove the content as I know that it's Mattel's wishes. And I would have if asked before all of this. And that's it. If Mattel had just said that, you know, we don't want this out there, would you mind removing the content? They'd be completely fine with it. We have that in 2018 with Falling Kingdom. You had Colin Trevoro saying don't post spoilers and you had specific channels or pages on Instagram posting spoilers that then said they weren't going to post any. But then later did because views and traction and stuff like that. But anyway, the thoughts there, I suppose. But if you thought that was it for Jurassic drama or is dinosaur drama, no, you're wrong. So let's talk primitive war, shall we? This is a novel kind of base, I think, during the Vietnam War, which has soldiers, you know, in the forests, but instead of, you know, guerrilla warfare and fighting actual humans, they're actually coming up against dinosaurs and it's more of a gruesome, you know, rated 18 kind of look of what a dinosaur, you know, battle could look like between humans and dinosaurs, you know, being gory and all the lovely jubbliness that comes with that. And Connor made a video on it showcasing I think the first chapter or something of the graphic novel to be then produced at Indiegogo because it needs funding. A couple of days ago before this Amital thing went off, he retweeted something that primitive war had said, you know, saying, thanking Bastansart for covering it. However, when I clicked on it, it said the content was no longer available. Bastansart's retweet was, you know, it disappeared. So this let me think, OK, I've heard about this. I've, you know, I've seen it. What's going on here? And then it led me into this huge rabbit hole that apparently the author called Ethan was starting to make drama on Twitter. And it just bore some great memes. Some great memes came out of it. The other one being being beautiful. Basically, the author of it was going on to Twitter and just saying that, oh, I hate Jurassic World, Jurassic World. He was basically just being an edgelord. He was deliberately being provocative, trying to elicit certain reactions from the community and then just blocking people, even people who are critical of Jurassic World. So a great move by him. I think they're the primitive war account. They removed that Twitter and they made a second one, I think, which was also removed, which sucks, because honestly, if I was the artist, because the art looks absolutely fantastic on this piece.  So hopefully he's been reined in or removed from the project. I don't know. He's an author, so probably not. We're just told to not be that way on social media because you will get eaten alive. And finally, on a lighter note, just the general Jurassic World Twitter just being cringe. There's a triangle of drama you have at the top.  And then the others are, you know, this primitive war debacle that happened. And then the other ones just kind of like Jurassic World Twitter being like, ha, ha, relative memes, Jurassic Park, guys. It just reminds me of that meme. What is it? Silence brand. We're trying to be relatable and current. This has been a longer video than I anticipated to make, but it's definitely something that, I don't know, I just couldn't pass up the opportunity. It's just there's just so much going, so much of the needs talking about, if anything, if I can bring to light the situation that Mattel has done, and especially showing what they've done in the past, which wasn't as bad. And now, all of a sudden, they've stepped it up tenfold and are now deleting basically people's YouTube and Instagrams. You know, that passion. None of this was done with malicious intent. Some of the worst things imaginable were done with the best intentions. I know Quote and Drop Spock 3, yada, yada, yada. There was no malice. There was no ill intent. It was just, you know, people who love the franchise want to support it, showing their enthusiasm for it. And then Mattel, bam, wax the nail that sticks out, gets hammered down apparently, even though it wasn't anything to do with it.  I've got stuff to get back to, but it needs to be addressed. And I think with having the community that is there, I want to be able to broadcast this wider and maybe get some movement done. That communication, that's it, communication. And if I can help, you know, project that message, that's what I want to do. Anyway, guys, I'm going to leave it there. And until next time, I'll see you in another video. Oh, bye-bye.


A position of tradition for the Tennessee Titans, I give you left tackle. When the team moved to Tennessee, Brad Hopkins had already been the starting left tackle for four years in Houston. That would continue through 2005, as Hopkins anchored Steve McNair's blindside for his entire career. When the Pro Bowler stepped aside, he handed the left tackle mantle off to another future Pro Bowler, Michael Ruse. The little-known star from Eastern Washington became a well-known star for the Titans, providing constant protection until an injury ended his career during the 2014 season. At that point, Ruse was succeeded by Hader LeWine. And Titan fans know LeWine's story. Three straight Pro Bowl. So for over 20 years, the Tennessee Titans have never had to worry about left tackle. Brad Hopkins, Michael Ruse, Hader LeWine, three stallers of protection.


Russia will resume attempts to destabilize the situation in Moldova in spring Sandu. In the spring of 2024, Russia will resume its actions to try to destabilize the situation in Moldova. According to Espresso, this was stated by Moldovan President Maya Sandu. The Moldovan president noted that all this time Russia has been trying to destabilize order and power in Chisinau each time trying to use the regime in Transnistria. However, she stressed that Moldova is taking all measures to counter these attempts. We are aware of these risks and we are taking all measures to prevent these destabilizations. We are talking to them and telling citizens about these risks as we did last year when Russia intended to overthrow the government during protests organized by pro-Russian forces together with citizens and state institutions. We are trying to protect ourselves from these risks, but we still have work to do and still have vulnerabilities, Sandu said. She also emphasized that Moldova counts on the support of Romania and the international community in this matter. We know that Russia will resume its actions this spring to try to destabilize the situation, the Moldovan president said. Presidential elections are due to take place in Moldova in autumn 2024.


Hello there. This is Jimmy Powers coming your way with another story from The Tumult and the Shouting. Hi there. This is Jimmy Powers transcribed with another chapter from Grantland Rice's memorable life story, The Tumult and the Shouting, and so with a warm salute to the every young spirit of Granny Rice, I take up the narrative in first person. Did you know that for every large university in this country, there are scores of small institutions which feel football teams and take a lively interest in the game. Little schools get few headlines, yet far from the tumult of ticket hustlers, pool sheet scrambling, and well-paid publicists, they have an impressive impact on the game. There are, I guess, about 150 large schools with a total of about 5,200 football players, which get most of the attention. But keep in mind that there are also 700 small colleges and junior colleges with more than 28,000 youths who play the game each autumn. And where do these small college athletes come from? From the coal mines or the cornfields or the road gang? Are they kidnapped off some other campus and carried under cover of night? Thousands of high school football players are wising up to percentages and flocking to schools like Western Maryland, Williamette, Colorado Mines, Haskell Institute, and Western Reserve. I think the modern kid has become aware of the fact that out of 75 backfield candidates and 30 tackle aspirants at Mammoth U, 8 or 10 backs and 4 or 5 tackles are going to play virtually 100% of the football.  There's little of that stuff at the smaller colleges. Sure, the welcome mat is always out, but you can come on your own accord. Fathers and high school coaches digging the stardust out of their eyes are realizing that plenty of action for a boy in a lesser league is preferable to four years as a goof or meathead on the Mammoth bench. There are two ways to get players, a small college coach once told me. Some little schools back up a bus to the big schools practice lot and load in the cast-offs when the squad cut comes, or you can keep your eyes peeled for a particular type of prospect. The one I want is finishing high school a year ahead of his class and who if he stayed another year would become such a hit in football that he'd be snapped up by one of the big schools. He's smart, he's just developing as a player and usually he's available. The small college coach must constantly be alert for raids by big-time football's brash burglars. Otherwise they'll grab away every good half-back the little school has got. A few years ago, a famous Texas school was caught sending telegrams to the ace of a tiny college eleven. What are you going to do? The star was asked. The young man deliberated. I'll tell you, he finally said, the way those fellas deal, if ever I have a boy of my own, I'm going to darn well make sure he plays football at a small school like his old man. Professional team scouts combing the back country for hidden talent agree that the carefree rustic game is the most spectacular of all. Big schools must play it close to the vest, always figuring percentages, one scout said. You have to get out in the bush leagues where there's no pressure to see those what the heck triple reverses and lateral forwards. Williamette University, a grid-conscious little Methodist school in Oregon where they patch the pigskins and have never been known for dismissing a coach for losing, comes about as close as any school I know to the definition of a model small college, an institution with long tradition and history, usually dating to the Civil War, whose moderate endowment yields an income equal to one-half its annual budget and whose selected student body numbers in the neighborhood of 1,200 or so. The pioneer Jason Lee founded Williamette, one of the oldest universities in the West. One student applicant in every two fails to meet entrance requirements, a deliberate device to keep enrollment down and boneheads out. Williamette has faced all the problems afflicting the little school which maintains a football team without benefit of Ballyhoo, slush funds, and other modern conveniences. For years, it's Bearcats held title to the worst playing surface for football in 11 Western states. A few years ago, a former Western conference official who worked at Williamette Game told Al Stump, the magazine writer, that he was never so shocked in his life. It was only drizzling, the official said, but when I walked down to the field, I bogged down in thick green mud. The man from the big time was in for another surprise. After clearing the swamp of a mired down dog and several splattered children, he prepared to blow his whistle. Just then, the head linesman yelled, if they kick it in the creek, I'll get the ball. What creek? asked the newcomer. The creek running alongside the field and through the grandstand, the linesman said, it's a kind of mill stream. The official from the Midwest shuddered, blew his whistle, grabbed his nose tightly and sloshed bravely down under the kickoff. Small college coaches are jacks of all jobs who generally serve as combined junior varsity and head coach, athletic director, equipment manager, purchasing agent, trainer, rubber, ticket manager, promotion man and employment bureau. They grow wistful when they read newspaper items telling how major college scouts travel 15,000 miles on scouting missions each season. Their own scouting mileage is usually zero, although they yearn each autumn to have an advanced look at their conference opponents. Spying takes time and money. The small college has neither to spare. The small school's chief headache is financial. Football is usually a losing proposition. In 1941, however, Williamette made one of its rare grabs for bigger stakes and has never ceased to regret it. When the Honolulu Shriners guaranteed the Little Oregon School $5,500 for two games in the islands, the university reversed its policy on long trips and accepted. It was a pleasant outing for the team even after losing the opener to the University of Hawaii. On Saturday, December 6th, the Bearcats bought postcards and trinkets in the souvenir shops and turned in early preparatory to a morning workout. Before noon, the next morning, they were feverishly digging trenches and stringing barbed wire for the army on Waikiki Beach. Those water spouts they'd seen offshore at breakfast hadn't been target practice bombs after all. Wow, cried one player, I never thought they'd call off the game on account of war. Everything considered, Bush Football has remarkably few apologies to make. It has been the backbone of the game since a small college, Rutgers, started the whole thing against Princeton on November 6th, 1869. Rutgers won that first game of intercollegiate football In 1905, it was a photo of a bloody-faced Swarthmore, Pennsylvania lineman which caused Teddy Roosevelt almost to blow the roof off the White House. Little Swarthmore's man had been hammered to a pulp by the behemoths of Penn. The president was incensed at such carnage and demanded a rules shake-up to get away from massive charging formations. The result in 1906 was legalization of the forward pass, today the game's most exciting weapon. I wonder what would have happened to the forward pass if the Harvard Stadium had never been built. When the crusade against injury swept the country after that Swarthmore incident, Walter Camp decided to modify the rules to resemble English rugby, this call for widening the playing field so as to make laterals more effective. Camp bumped into a snag right there, the immovable Harvard Stadium. This huge concrete structure built in 1903 was designed to hug the boundary of the field as tightly as a woman's skirt. The Harvard crowd had obviously sunk too much cash into the stadium to permit the field to be widened. Camp had no alternative. He had to forget his rugby ideas in favor of the forward pass. The small college teams, if well coached, often play a first-class brand of football. Their games aren't accompanied by the hoopla of the big games in the big stadiums, but they are a very real part of the American football scene. Football is everybody's game. Without the hundreds of smaller colleges participating, interest would fade gradually as interest in major league baseball would fade without minor league ball and sandlot ball. Center College under coach Charlie Moran in the early 20s even crashed the big time momentarily. Uncle Charlie, who started half-back on my prep school team in Nashville in 1895, was one of those all-around fellows who doubled in brass as coach, trainer, equipment man, and father-confessor to his players. He was also a talent scout, extraordinary, and on vacation imported a tough-fibered band of Texans to represent the Golden White. One of them was Beau McMillan. Uncle Charlie was also a clever publicity man. He pinned the name Prane Kernels upon his Kentucky pupils. All I did was circulate the nickname. Little Center made headlines in 1921 by upending Harvard six to nothing. On their trip to Cambridge, the Southerners were lavishly entertained by the Crimson Reception Committee. All this partying disturbed Uncle Charlie. He feared his men might lose their fighting edge. He called the players aside in the locker room just before the game. Listen, he said, I know you guys have been nicely entertained by these Harvard chaps, but just remember one thing when you go onto the field this afternoon. Every one of those guys voted the straight Republican ticket. Now this is Jimmy Powers transcribed saying so long until next time.


Last time we introduced the notion of relative CW complexes, CW complexes and checked a lot of examples, standard examples such as spheres, disks and then later on projective spaces both real and complex. You would like to study many more examples. So, in two more modules, which I have denoted by module 4A and 4P, we will only study more and more examples. For example, DN itself you know can be given several different CW structures, each of them can be of use in different contexts. One such thing is thinking DN as the underlying space for mod delta n, where delta n is a n simplex in Rn plus 1. Remember a n simplex in Rn plus 1 is the convex hull of standard basic elements even E2 etcetera En plus 1. The endpoints of these vertices and points of these vectors will be taken as the vertices. Inductively having defined xk, we take the set of all k plus 1 phases of delta n as k plus 1 cells in xk plus 1 with the inclusion map as the attaching maps. The point is we are not building up the space here, but that the space is already there, we are decomposing this space into a CW complex, decomposing it into open cells, 0 cells they are open automatically. Then one cells their boundaries must be inside the 0 skeleton, then 2 cells their boundaries must be inside the 1 skeleton and so on. So, this phenomena we will keep observing. So, this happens to be a very special case of namely the simplexial complex. For any simplexial complex that is an associated CW complex, the simplexial complex itself can be thought of as CW complex, namely the vertices are the vertices of the 0 skeleton is the set of all vertices of the simplexial complex. Then the 1 simplex is there become 1 cells. So, only you are changing the terminology here that is all. Attaching maps for what? Attaching maps as well as the characteristic maps are the inclusion maps. So, this is what we did take any triangulated space. Say x is a triangulated space automatically it gives a CW structure. So, in all these the characteristic maps are all just the inclusion map because we have already built up the space, we do not have to build the space here. And inclusion maps happen to be injective monomorphisms whatever you want to say embeddings of homomorphisms that is why these are very special kind of CW complexes. Before considering the next set of examples, let us make a few more definitions. So, that we will become familiar with the definitions also. A CW complex x is said to be locally finite if for each closed cell sigma, closed cell is just the closure of a cell sigma. The number of closed cells intersecting sigma in x that must be finite. For example, take a vertex look at all one cells which may intersect that one which will have that vertex that 0 cell as one of their vertices. So, that must be finite. Not only that a two simple two cell which you attach the attaching map may find that this point this point whatever I have taken is in the image then I will count so those two cells also. So, all such cells two cells three cells n cells whatever all of them together must be a finite set. So, this should happen for every simple x every cell. The closure of a cell should have only finitely many other cells intersecting it. It x be a topological space and f be a collection of subsets of x. This is a more general definition from point set topology. We say f the collection of subsets is locally finite on x. If for each x in x there is an open set u x in x which will contain the point x and which would intersect only finitely many members of x. So, for each x there is a neighborhood u x of x which will intersect only finitely many members of x. As x be any topological space with two CW structures on x which I will denote them by x a and x b just temporary notation just to distinguish between the two of them. We say x a is finer than x b that is what it is. If each closed cell in x b is a sub complex of x a a sub complex may have different structure than the just a cell. If you take a closed cell along with all the phases and so on then only it will become a sub complex in x a. So, x a is finer than x b. So, if you have each closed cell in x b it is a complex of x a. For example, this will imply that if you take all the 0 cells of x b they must be inside x a. There is no other way that those 0 cells will be sub complexes of x a. So, all the 0 cells must be saturated contained inside the 0 cell of x a. But for k positive there is no such simple relation between the k cells in x a and k cells in x b. Except if you take the totality of x b that means the kth skeleton of x b must be contained inside kth skeleton of x as just topological spaces. So, this is the consequence of this definition one is finer than the other. So, you can think about these definitions and think about giving some typical easy examples and so on. So, let us take a more general example than just ad hoc typical example. Take a simple complex and a subdivision k prime of k. Consider as CW complexes on the same underlying space mod k because mod k prime is also mod k. Check that k prime is finer than k. So, this will require that you know CW complex, simple complex is already. So, but that is what I am assuming in this course anyway. Indeed about definition of something finer is modeled on this example. Instead of calling x a is a subdivision of x b which will be too much I am calling it as finer. So, just extracting certain properties of subdivision to call this as a something is finer than the other so that we can compare the two of them. So, here is a lemma which will ensure how to patch up two different CW structures on the union. So, suppose Z is the union of two topological subspaces x and y. Both of them are closed subsets of Z and have CW structures on them. Out of that we want to have a CW structure on Z. So, for this we have to assume one more condition. Suppose for the that on the intersection the two CW structures obtained as sub complexes from x and y respectively are such that one of them is finer than the other. There are there is a sub intersection y can be sub complex of x as well as sub complex of y. So, you get two of them you can call this one is a, r then it is b. So, one of them should be finer than the other. So, this is the condition I am assuming on the intersection. Then there is a CW structure on Z whose closed cells are dose of x or y. So, you do not have to do any more work. Look at all those cells which are which are in x or in y then put them together. So, this I am putting it as an assignment just because I want you to participate in this so that if you start thinking and working on them. So, that will these things will become more familiar. So, in this lemma I have already used the definition that I have made here. So, while proving that lemma you will be automatically become more familiar with that definition. Now I come to a class of structures which are very nice structures CW structures which fall short of being CW complexes just a little bit. Fall short of being a simple complex is just a little bit. So, here are those examples. They are very close to being mod k of a simple complex except that instead of being built up of simple complexes or what? Tetradrons, triangles and so on. So, here there will be cubes, squares and cubes of cubes of higher and higher dimension and so on. Only in 0 dimension and 1 dimension the simplex as well as cells coincide. So, all these n cubes are built of inside RNA everything is happening inside SMRN built up of n cubes with their sides parallel to the coordinate planes. So, these things will be very useful in analysis all the time you cut RNA into smaller and smaller subdivisions and that is precisely what we are going to do here and then put them to produce for several complexes. So, we will start with this subdivisions namely what are called as lattice points. So, Lk, Lk fix I am capital N is arc power n that is the dimension I am fixing that n. So, I am not writing sometimes that n but whenever there is confusion I will write. So, Lk is same thing as Lk power n here. This is a notation all points inside Xn whose all of the coordinates look like some integer Ri divided by 2 power k. So, this k is fixed here. So, the same k should come here 2 power k. The numerator is an integer denominator is 2 power k. For example, it may be 2 power 0 which means denominator is 1. So, all integers are allowed. Then say integer 2, 3 divided by 4, 3 divided by 8, 6 divided by 8 is same thing as 3 divided by 4. So, all those things should be allowed here. So, those are the coordinates of this point X such coordinates. Let pk denote the set of all closed n cells. So, generally I am denoting them by sigma. The n cells have side length 1 by 2 power k. So, that k, k is fixed here 1 by 2 power k. And with corners of sigma inside the lattice cell k. So, that is pk. Take all the pk for p written equal to 0 that we will denote by p. This is just notation. Again and again, we will have to use this notation. I am setting it up. That is all. What you have to know is that lk, all the points, the lk consists of only points, with coordinates are like this. This is what we call it as lattice. It contains lk plus 1, contains lk plus 2 and so on. However, for i between 1 and n, if tau is an i dimension phase, phase means what? You take a square. The square has phases all the sides and vertices. A cube has phases all the, there are 6, 2 phases and 8, 4 plus 4, 12, 1 edges and 8 corners. So, they are all called phases. So, i dimension phase of a member of PR, start with a PR. Take all the phases between 1 and i. It will not be a phase of any member of PS for s not equal to r. Because s not equal to r just means the side length will change. So, 1 by 2 cannot be thought of as a cell of, like 1 by 4 or the other way around. Whereas, vertices, once you have a vertices in higher things higher, more and more divisions, more and more vertices will come. The old vertices will still remain there. So, for example, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 is in all of them. Similarly, integers are in all of them. All, suppose some coordinate has all the integer, then it is in all lk's. So, that is what we have to remember. An important property of P, which is worth noticing and remembering is take two cells, n cubes, both of them. I am taking P, that means the sizes could be different, n cubes in P. Then interior sigma, intersection, interior sigma 2 is non-empty, would imply one of them is contained in the other or this one. This is what I have to say. You can also say that if they are equal, then these two are same. But I am taking two different ones. So, either sigma 1 is contained as sigma 2, sigma 2 is contained as sigma 1. So, first of all, if both of them are in P r for the same r, then of course, interior sigma and interior sigma 2 are definitely disjoint. So, this does not happen at all. This can happen only when one of them is smaller, say one is in P1, another is P2 or P5 and so on. Then this can happen, only this way it can happen. The interior non-empty would imply sigma 1 is contained as sigma 2 or sigma 2 is contained as sigma 1. So, following lemma is easy to see. Each P r, when r is fixed or k is fixed, v, p, k whatever you want to say, P r along with its n cells and all the phases of this n cells defines a CW structure on R n which is pure and locally finite. Okay. The local finiteness is obvious because around a point in P, inside R n, how many edges you will have, how many edges will come there, squares will come there, you just think about that. In r, every point has exactly two edges emanating from there. In R2, it will be 2 power 2, there is four of them. Okay, that is it. So, you can actually see how many are there. If you take one cell in R2, whatever P r is, there will be exactly two cells on either side. Think about that. So, local finiteness of these structures is obvious and these we have been using. So, all the n cells, their interiors do not overlap. So, they will themselves be n cells. Okay. Their boundaries will consist of n minus 1 cells, several n minus 1 cells. Their boundaries are several, several more n minus 2 cells and so on down. So, this is what the structure, CW structure on R n, if you keep changing R, you will get different CW structures on R capital N. Okay. So, these things we keep referring to them in short lattice structures. Okay. So, out of these, you can get several interesting examples. The first example is take a k cube sigma where k is between 0 and n. The 0 is the most interesting example but you can take that when k is 0, it is just a single term. Right. So, that is also a nice thing. All right. Which is a phase of some n cube belonging to PR. Each n cube belongs to some PR. Okay. So, I am fixing this PR here. So, take a sigma, take a k cube sigma, which is a member of, which is a phase of some member of PR. Then each PS, by the way, this curly PS denotes the CW structure here, PR. Okay. The round, the ordinary P will denote only the n cubes. Okay. So, this is just to facilitate again and again. I am not talking about just the n cubes but the entire structure here. Okay. Then for each PS, as given to R, okay, each of them induces an obvious subcomplex structure on sigma. Just sigma I am looking at. For example, suppose sigma is some edge in PR, the P2. When you go to P3, this edge will get divided into two edges. If you go to P4, it will get divided into four edges and so on. Okay. You started P1 for example, an edge of length 1. In P2 itself, well edge, so P0, length 1 is P0. In P1 itself, it gets divided into two edges. Okay. So, this way, you will get CW structures coming from PS on each k cube. Okay. The same holds for, let us look at WF. Okay. What is WF? I am defining. All sigma, collection of all sigma is set. Sigma is in F, where F is some family, where F is a collection of some faces, I am taking the union of all of them. Like I may take some finite limit point and then some cubes and then some higher dimensional cubes or maybe in between some one simplex, two cells, two cells and so on, various things, but finite. Okay. Any collection of faces of members of PR, actually there is no finiteness in this one. R is fixed. Okay. For each S greater than or to R, PS will induce a CW structure on WS. Okay. Why? On each of this one, it induces and they will be compatible because they are all belonging to one single PS. Okay. To fix a PR and then for each PS, there will be a structure. Okay. So, this generalizes the earlier observation that in Rn, you can have different structure, P1, P2, P3 and so on. Okay. This curly P1, P2, P3, P4. A little more generally, let X be a union of finitely many faces of n cubes in P of various dimensions and various sizes. Okay. Faces of n cubes. P, members of PR n cubes. If you take faces, there may be 0 dimension, 2 dimension, 3 dimension and so on. Take all this, but finitely many. Okay. So, what I am doing here, here there was no finitely many, but R was fixed. Now, I am ranging R. I mean I am allowing R to be different, but I put a condition X must be finite, finite collection. Okay. Then it will again get a CW structure by some S. What is that S? Bigger than or to R. What is that R? I have to tell you. Namely, choose R to be the maximum of all T such that one of the n cubes containing a member of X belongs to PT. Okay. Look at all the integers T such that there is a member PT of which some face is inside X. Otherwise, you do not take it. Look at all those where X is finite. So, set of all such T will be finite. So, you take the maximum. Okay. Maximum of all such T. That you call it as R. Then, if S is bigger than or to R, PS will divide all of them very nicely. So, that is the whole idea. That will give you a structure on this X itself. Okay. So, here is one example here. Alright. So, here you see the smallest thing occurs here. So, I have divided all of them like that. The X is shown by heavy lines here. Okay. Union of this large square here, this small square here, this square, this big square. This is the smallest one. So, you cut them like this one. So, that will be the structure on this entire thing. It is very easy to see. Okay. A finite case. Very easy to see. Alright. So, here is slowly we are going to build up on this theme. Towers making it more and more meaningful and more and more useful. For any k phase sigma of a member PR, okay, take a member of PR, take a phase of that. Let f sigma denote the set of all i phases of sigma. So, i phases of sigma will be smaller than k, right? i less than k. I do not want to once, zero cells here. So, one less than one less. This is the collection of f, this collection f sigma.  Tau contains at tau 2, tau 1 contain at tau 2 implies f tau 1 is bigger than equal to f tau 2. So, f is order reversing. Okay. The smaller the phase, the larger the integer. That is what I want. Alright. Take such a function. For each tau in f sigma, give the CW structure induced by the corresponding number here P of f tau. Okay. We claim that all these structures patch up to define a CW structure, okay, on sigma. Okay. Sigma is what? Sigma is a one fixed member, one simple phase and all these f sigmas were phases of it. Alright. So, on all of them I have a CW structure. They will put together on sigma itself gets a CW structure which is finer than the CW structure coming from P of the sigma itself has some f, right? P of sigma f. Okay. We should denote this CW structure by sigma f, sigma upper square upper suffix f just to denote the function f there. Okay. See, P f sigma, this will divide the n cell sigma, the k cell sigma according to this f sigma number. But for the smaller things, the division may be even finer because the numbers are larger or at least that much. At least that much is important. Okay. It may be finer. It does not matter. If I have a pentagon or a hexagon or whatever or just a triangle, okay, the empty triangle, I can all of them I can attach a two cell to get typologically the same picture. Okay. CW structures will be different. So, this is what you have to keep in mind. Okay. So, we have, we get a CW structure on sigma itself depending on this function. The function should have these two properties. That is all. Okay. So, this is germ of these k cells, how to cut them into finer pieces and so on. This will be of some use soon. So, we know, we do this by induction on k. I am explaining this, how this is working. Because the way it is done here, this is what you have to understand to patch up further more complicated things also. Okay. So, let us do it by induction on k. k is what? k is the dimension of sigma itself. Suppose it is 0. That means it is just a singleton. There is nothing to do, a singleton will never get divided at all, no matter what sigma you choose for it. That is what one observation I have made, namely once a point is in Lk, it is there in k plus 1 and k plus 2 and all of that. Same thing. Okay. So, 0 is no problem. For 1, 1 means what? It is a, it is a, like an edge. Okay. So, what you have to do? You have to look at the 0 cells of that, namely the two end points and itself. The end points will never get divided. Only the simplest can get divided depending upon what you choose. And that is all. There is no match, patching up and so on. So, for 0 and 1, there is nothing to prove. Okay. Here, sigma f is the same as the pseudo structure coming from p of f sigma. Whatever you have chosen, f sigma, that same thing will happen for entire. Okay. Now, assume the claim is true for k. Then we will do it for k plus 1. Okay. So, now sigma is a k plus 1 phase of some member of pr. Okay. Let tau belong to f sigma. Okay. Yeah, sigma itself, yeah, you can assume k, tau is k plus 1 phase by assuming f sigma to be of some higher dimension thing, no problem. So, let us look at it first. The first thing to note is that the CW structure, say rho f on all the k phase is rho of tau. Okay. Tau has already struck because it is a lower dimension thing. Right. All k phases, k phases of tau will patch up to define a CW structure on the boundary of tau. For, suppose rho 1 and rho 2 be any two k phases of the same tau. Okay. Their intersection may be empty or may be a single point or a j phase rho for some 1 less than or equal to j less than k. Because 2 rho 1 and rho 2 are k phases are intersecting. The phase have to be of lower dimension. In the last case, only we need to check. A 0 empty 1 case, there is no problem. In the last case, because of condition 2 above is 2 above, the structure on the intersection is finer. Rho f is finer than the 2 induced structures, CW structures coming on rho, coming from rho 1 and rho 2. Okay. It follows that this patched up structure on boundary of tau itself is finer than the CW structure on tau because rho f itself is finer. Below that of lower dimension, it may be even finer and finer. So therefore, the structure on boundary of tau is finer than the CW structure coming from P of f tau. So this implies that we can put them together to obtain a CW structure on tau. Okay. So this comes with the proof of the inductive step. So k plus 1 phase also you have proved. Okay. So we shall carry on these things. Remember these things. We will use them and we will try to give now examples of when we are taking infinite families of these f's. Okay. Thank you.


He is a software engineer and works as a senior ICT officer for the Department of Information Technology in Telugu and the Ministry of Information and Communication of the Royal Government of Bhutan. He is one of the core team members for developing an electronic government interoperability framework. A government enterprise architecture initiative for the Royal Government of Bhutan. He graduated from the University of Western Australia with a master's degree in computer science and also he is a DOGAF 9.175. Currently his leading project to develop a core of government data hub system. The initiative will develop a common data action plan for the government and enabling seamless exchange of information among government information systems and apps. Over to you. Thank you. Thank you for the introduction. Good afternoon to all. I think I have a huge challenge right now. So you are just after the lunch and then I hope the presentation won't become a very sedative so that you all fall asleep. But nevertheless, I'll just try to give it a like please. Just to crack a small joke, this morning all of us were talking about cloud, right? So I work for a government organization and then every time we talk about cloud to be seen on the next meetings and all, we are from a non-IT background. So because we have a group called which is a public cloud adopted as a government system and we have some of our team, we went to one of the secretaries and then they talked about cloud, cloud, cloud. And one of our secretary mentioned, what happened if it rains?  After that, I'll give a brief introduction of my country and then followed by the overall government-interpreter work plus the initiatives that we are currently undertaking based on those GAE. Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. On behalf of the Royal Government of Bhutan and on my own behalf, I'd like to convey my hurtiest appreciation to the open group for letting me share my thoughts on our EJV initiative. Also, I'd like to take this opportunity to congratulate all the award winners of the Open Group Award 2017. This award will specially help government organizations design and implement effective e-government solutions supported by enterprise architecture to tackle challenges in good governance. With more citizens becoming aware about the rights and responsibilities, their expectations and demand for better government services is ever increasing. In order to increase competitiveness and meet the demands of their citizens or businesses, governments across the globe are striving to break silos and achieve better connectedness among government agencies, businesses and citizens to use of ICT. A highly connected and networked government allows seamless exchange of information and services among government agencies, businesses and citizens. It is through the EJV framework that we derive insights and identify key focus areas for the ICT sector that need to be strengthened or developed in support of the business goals and objectives of the Royal Government of Bhutan. We are confident that this initiative will guide successfully in achieving our objective of a connected government which will set another foundation towards good governance and ultimately our national goal of gross national happiness. Today, on this special occasion, I convey to you all my best wishes. Thank you and trust in it. Thank you. Thank you for your applause. Once again, my team, made by my director here, we would like to have Open Group for giving us so much to present our initiative. And with this, just a very quick one. The town of Math is situated between the two global giants. We have China in the north, India in the south, so we need to really come out of our south as a, I mean, as a kidney in the region. In picture, this is how you will see people in summer. That's from what they do. Just a general profile. We have the area of coverage approximately close to Switzerland and Europe, population approximately 800,000, not even 1 million. Epidestinal units, 20 districts and 205 blocks, compared to 2000 or 3000 punch lines in India. National development philosophy, interesting to all the audience here, gross national happiness. GDP per capita is 2656. The major source of income is the energy sector, mainly through hydropower and tourism.  Our king is the head of the state and the prime minister is the head of the government. Just a few profile on the ICT. Internet subscribers, we have around 62% of the population who are currently accessing internet. Fixed line across the global trade, same everywhere, it's declining. Oval penetration is approximately 28% of the population. All internet districts, 205 blocks, they have access to internet. Number of community centers, so basically for those who are not access to internet, we have service queues. We call it community centers, so we have around 195 community centers out of which 188 are connected to the internet. ICT development progress, so this is basically an ICT ITU information society measurement report 2016. So here it clearly shows that the ones with those star patches are the ones, those countries which are really doing well. But without you can see it's being listed as one of the countries where significantly improved its ranking over the year. So that was done in 2016. Putals Network Readiness Index, so from the enterprise architecture perspective, I think it's all about getting the, I mean, aligning the ICT initiatives to economic, social economic development and then how well your organization, how well your government enterprises are connected. So this ranking, basically this measurement makes a sense. So here, as for that, we are ranked 87 out of 139 countries. So among the low, you can see here, among the low-middle income group, I mean, best of the average thing, we are concurrently doing better than most of them. So typical challenges for our government, so I think when it comes to challenges for the government, yesterday we have lots of case studies from the government like the State Government of underprivileged. We have a presentation from them. So the critical issues is that silos of information, all the agencies take to guard their own information, then they don't share. So typically we're known for guarding our own information. Repeating and overlapping government functions. So when you talk about government functions such as you will have an HR as a government function, HR related services as a government function. So that human resource related functions, it repeats across all the government agencies.  I think that's why this implication is a typical challenge for a government. Once we have the government functions repeated, the services related to those government functions tend to repeat as well. And the worst case is that a same service when it's done differently or when it's delivered differently to two organizations, that's a huge cost for the government. So we can't afford to have multiple different standards, different way of doing things. We need to synergize and then for a small country like ours, it's very critical. Different standards are usually leading to interoperabilities. So when my department started, the first thing that we do is technical specification for ICD Acumen that was 15 years before. So that's the way for this enterprise architecture standards and interoperability. So for every government agencies who are preparing ICD related acumen, they come to our department and then show it to us whether their ICD acumen are compliant to our national standards and all of them. So that one we are still evaluating as a standard information based within the information of the enterprise architecture which I will be showing you later. With the execution of strategy, a government has a very good plan but then it has to be executed. And whether we like it or not, the future is digital. So we have to comply with digital by default principles. So every initiative in the government has to be supported by a thing. So that's right. So tools such as enterprise architecture will be able to execute those plans. Often very slow or more reaction to changes to government business involvement. Across the globe, the governments are facing budget constraints and that will be very prevalent especially for better like ours who is still in the low middle income country. So we need to innovate and enterprise architecture is a tool which will lead us to do all these sort of things. So that's why the typical scenario is that we call it the strategy architecture. If we don't do it well, then we land up in this mess. So EG4, the Royal Women of the Town. So it's basically a tool for shaping government ICD to support the government business outcomes with following key objectives. So here we have the alignment of our human initiatives to its business goals and objectives. Improved coordination and increased reuses and sharing of assets and resources among the government agencies which could be sharing data, sharing best practices, sharing information and all. Minimize duplications and maximize savings through economy of scale. For a very small country like ours, if each agency starts doing things differently, then we don't have that economy of scale. We need to come together and then maximize our savings through that coordination and all of this. Reduced departmental silos and move to integrated citizen-centric service delivery. So the key here is that all the government across the globe, they talk about one-stop shop. They talk about integrated service delivery. So if you don't have those enabling integration layers, everything in between, then we will not be able to realize those opportunities. Identification and prioritizing the vast programs and projects. So yesterday we mentioned that some of them, all Dr. Palak here, representation, which says the typical challenge for government is that every organization, every political leader, they will have their own agenda. So based on our tools such as enterprise architecture and all, we need to prioritize those projects rather than directly listening to all the things. So that's why identification and prioritization of ICT projects is critical. Standardization and integration. So we have similarly, we had a discussion this morning on the cloud infrastructure integration and standards, which will lead to future opportunity. So that is applicable whether it's an ICT infrastructure, whether it's related to infrastructure, whether it's related to application, they need to be able to talk to each other. So that's why that's very critical. In the Egypt timeline, so basically to realize all those objectives, we started our journey in early 2003 with a very small engagement with IDSE level. So they have set us on that track basically. So after that, as part of that engagement, we're just able to do some identification of key architectural domains and some survey. Followed by that, we have a major architecture work done in January and June 2016 in collaboration with Vipro India. Egypt architecture implementation work, the programs and projects which we have tried out of those architecture work is continuing. So basically I like this definition of a government enterprise architecture. So it comes from the Queensland State's government enterprise architecture. So what it's saying is that basically it is about organizing enterprises resources. So resources is processes, information, applications, technology, technology. So basically we may have all those resources. We need to organize, put it together and make it a very complicated one. So that's the definition of thinking. So without the Egypt, typically all the governments across the globe, they will have policies and strategies. They will have government functions and services. Every government will have this sort of setup. Government applications and information systems is there. Government data and information technologies which are supporting all those government applications and things. These are all there. So without an architectural sort of an approach, so in this Egypt what we have used is that we have used the adaptive form of the Trogat methodology. So we have all the species around the whole government setting. But what we need is, so basically we also have a program and project control and management from the planning commissions. But we need to put it in a very structured way. So here the analogy that I'm bringing is that in the other slides, it's like a Lego block for kids to play around. It's all about synthesizing. So now here you have this one in the corner. It looks like a kids play, but it's a well-structured Lego block with a very meaningful for the kids. So similarly, we have the government policies and strategy architecture on the top. The difference between a structural architecture and an enterprise architecture is that the enterprise architecture construction starts from the bottom up. The EA actually has to come from top down. So basically we have identified the policy and strategy architecture. I'm going to detail that right now. I'm going to dig further here. Then we have the business architecture. We have the data architecture here. The application architecture, technology architecture, which are supporting most business architecture and overall goals and visions of the government. Then we have the architecture governance and management, basically a decision-making body. It keeps track of the work that we are executing. So basically for a dashboarding purpose. So from an architectural perspective, you can see it here. The tool selection side is mostly the architecture development methodologies we call it. So here the top works based on the strategic directions and the visions, machines and all. So what we do is that we identify programs and projects. So through this, to get sort of a thing, we have this standard information base and the programs and projects identified from the left-hand side. And towards the right-hand side, these are the initiatives that we need to carry out. So I think, I'm sorry, these slides are not very legible from the back end. So just to dig further details into individual blocks, we have the policy and strategy architecture. So as a part of our architecture work, we have a review of a Bhutan Vision 2020 document. And this document is due for sort of renewal. But still when we started with the DG, the Bhutan Vision 2020 is the document. And for the 11th by the plant, our cycle of development is on a five-year plant basis and annual opportunity. So we have the Bhutan Vision 2020 document, which aims to achieve this prosperity and happiness recovery. Which is very abstract, but we have those indicators which I will be presenting. And we have the UN MDG before the STGs. So now with this 12th by the plant starting from 2019 onwards. So the planning commission, we call it the Gross National Happiness Commission within the government. They are referring, they will be further upgrading the Vision 2020 into something similar to the STG like Vision 2030. Plus they will refer the UN's STG goals. We have the GNH pillars here. The four key pillars is sustainable and equitable socio-economic development, preservation and promotion of culture, conservation and sustainable utilization of environment and promotion of good government. So these are four key pillars for the GNH. At architecture principles, I mean the same across all the things. Citizen-centric approach, all of government and sectoral perspective. Rather than agency's perspective or organization's perspective, it's about bringing all of government and sectoral perspective to the government. Effective collaboration and coordination. I mentioned earlier that for a small country like ours, we can't afford to talk differently. We will have to come together and discuss architecture domain-specific principles, which I will not go into details for all those blocks we have regarding principles. Program's projects and activities related to the construction, the policy and strategy. The whole of government plan. So basically what we are saying is that these are not done as a part of the age, but basically what it does is that the planning commission, the GNH commission, is an apex body for having a government strategy thing. But the EA world has to align with those government business objectives. So we have here, for the 11th five-year plan documents, based on the GNH pillars, we have the national key-reason areas and the sector key-reason areas. So for the 11th five-year plan, we have around 16-in-care areas and as care is around 250. So all those key-reason areas will have their individual KPIs based on a baseline and a target. So that's the measurement thing. ICT sector-specific, we have the ego of master plan done by our department. The sector-specific ICT like the Ministry of Education, we have the ICT plan plan which will help. Similarly, we have some other agencies. ICT roadmap, the whole of government and ego policy. So that's still in the process of crafting. So one of the happiness that encompasses the principles coming out of the ICT framework. Business architecture. So we have the identification of business areas, the line of business and the government functions and the services which are aligned to those policies and strategies. So here we have two business areas, government to government, government to citizens are the two business areas. We have the line of business around 23.20 cents. Human resources is one vertical line of business. And we have the ICT as a horizontal line of business. So similarly, the government functions, we have around 55 services, 850 services delivered to the citizens. Government services, so as a part of this business architecture, what we do is that the government services, we start cataloging the government services. The process of cataloging itself puts the organization into a rationalization sort of an exercise. So that's critical. Organization and prioritization. All of those 850 services, based on the government's priority, we need to prioritize those services. So that's why as a part of the EA excess, we do that. Organization. Typically, if you go across the government agencies, the service patents in terms of service registry, applying for service, registration, approval, then tracking the status, all the sort of service patents seems to be common across all the government. So what we do is that we come out with those service patents, classifications, whether the service is common, whether the service is specific to our agency or not. So that's critical. Programs, projects, similarly, the whole of government agency service catalog preparation. So the EG team, we have set up a workshop for the whole of government agencies to come together and then we have run through, I mean, we have explained to them how they have to prepare service catalog for their agencies. Public sector channel. So as a part of that, the G2C office under the Prime Minister's office, they also have crafted a profit service channel. So those are key initiatives under the business architecture. Just to give an example here, the line of business, business functions, and the service example. Here you can see the top one is, as I mentioned earlier, we have two business areas. So here the example is service reporting is one business here. And the line of business, we have around 23 line of business. Agriculture could be one line of business. And here we have government functions, approximately 15 government functions. Agriculture development is one function. Agriculture research is one. All of us, we have a lunch, but before we charge the back fee, so that's $3,000. So here, from the service perspective, as I mentioned, we have the supply of seeds for the farmers and the service. So these are just an example I'm giving. So here is another typical example. Human resources is a line of business. The thing that pay and conditions is a business function. The thing that payroll processing, performance management, leave, managing HR, these are all services under that business function. So that's been an example of how we categorize, how we do rationalization of our business services. Data architecture, as a part of an easy framework, for those critical common data sets such as the people data, for the vehicle data, for the land-related data, GIS-related data, we have covered the conceptual data models for that and identified the key data elements in the relationships. So basically the conceptual data model from the architecture perspective, it's how you link the data architecture to the business architecture. And we have the data dictionaries in terms of data management dimensions and design best practices, how you need to design a database and all those best practices can be available. Data ownership, data access model, agency data owners, rules, data governing, we have all those best practices and what we do is that nowadays we talk about open data, we talk about APIs and all. So before making the data open, we should have all those things done. So that's why we have this data security classification. Before the data is released to the public, we have to categorize all those critical data systems, whether it's at a confidential level or not, whether it's for internal use or whether it's for public consumption. So that thing has to be linked. That's all we can talk about open data. Otherwise we'll make some issues with this thing. Metadata is a data-involved data, so we come back to this domain code status. Common code data. So through this Egypt exercise, what we have identified is that the people data, the vehicle data, the business, basically the business entity data, the land and the GIs, are those critical data that need to be, those are most commonly available to data services across the government. That's why those five domains are key priority for us. Based on that, what we're doing is that based on the data architecture, we have the development of full of government data service provider and data consumer metrics. So basically, let's say when we move to a service-oriented architecture, if you want to expose your data as a services, then we should know who are the data owners, who are the data consumers. That's why we have this matrix here. Data Hub Project. It's a very critical project. We have started that four months back, and what's happening is that the Data Hub Project will basically look into creating a middleware infrastructure so that all the government agencies will be able to talk to each other, basically sharing their data. So we have here the SOA infrastructure, the service-oriented architecture infrastructure. So the data service and the web service creation, the web service routing through in the form of enterprise service bus, then we have the analytics and the signal sign-off, which will come operational by the end of this tour. We have center for GIS coordination under the land commission. What that commission does is that as a part of them, they are building GIS portal for the government agencies to share GIS related data. So these are some of the critical things which were embarking on. In fact, we have started the development for the Data Hub. Application architecture-wise, government application systems portfolio. So we had a lot of discussion on those areas as well for the government agencies, they should be able to know, they should rationalize all the information systems within the government, whether the information systems are really contributing to those, your agency's goals and objectives. So that's why as a part of that exercise, as of now we rationalized around 160 plus activation systems and we have classified those systems in the form of, whether those systems are specific to department, whether they catch to a positive requirement or whether these are government systems which improve our goal, same across all the government agencies. Application architecture principles and building blocks. So basically when we develop very outsourced and depressed architecture, very outsourced for tendering, then we leave the vendors applied to those architectural principles, architecture building blocks, both in terms of functional and technical. A critical goal of government command system. So I will just explain that in the initiative. Government application capabilities, this, we haven't started anything on that but still, the whole idea is that we will have a usable architectural component, the application components and then that's wrong. When an agency A develops an application, they will be able to reuse those capabilities. So from the initiative perspective, we have the whole of government application portfolio management term. The common systems, the civil service information system is an HR system which is common across all the government agencies. The government email and collaborative suit, which I mentioned in the beginning, we have right now adopted the Google Enterprise Collaborative Suit. So it's a common email system for all the government agencies. Asset and inventory management system, we have a centralized department which looks after the asset and inventory aspect of the government. So we call it the Department of National Properties. So they have a common systems deployed for that. Electronic government procurement, we have started six months back and it will be soon roll out. So we are having a whole of government e-procurement system. These are other common systems. We have the GPMS, FAMS, and MYIB. I'm not going to go into details because when you talk about government, the horizontal aspect expands a lot. So the government performance management system, all the expenditure, multi-year-old budget rolling is all of the whole of government. We use the single systems for the whole country. G2C Portal, under the Prime Minister's office, we have a G2C Portal which is a citizen facing portal. So that will look into the transactional and e-service aspect. National Portal is mostly information perspective and the GOP CMS. What we are looking into is that for a small country like ours, every department seems to be developing different websites. And all of those websites, they're either in some sort of console's country management system. So in terms of security, in terms of management, it's a huge bottleneck. So that's why we want to move to a centralized, GURPS CMS-based websites for the whole agencies. That's why you'll achieve an economy of scale in terms of maintaining, in terms of budget, in terms of security. So that's critical. That's a plan for future. These are all operational. Technology architecture. So I think most of you are from a technological background. So here is, I think, so the technology-architected domains, we have identified around seven domains there. Technology standards and specifications. Since EGV is a whole of government interface in overarching framework, we'll not be able to do much on that. We set a broad standard and specifications for other agencies to comply with. Similarly, the security architecture. Sorry, I need to rush a little bit because the timer is popping up in five minutes to finish. Government hardware and infrastructure clearance. So basically, every time a government agency buys infrastructure, they need to come to, they need to refer the EGV standards and then our department looks after the complex. Government data center. Now, we have started a government data center in huge ways, initiating all the agencies to having their own server rooms for hosting the application. Now, we have, we're slowly, we're moving into a centralized government, a dedicated government center, which is initiated by Microsoft. Government van. Basically, we have a huge fiber optic network going across the whole country around 3,000 kilometers of fiber optic, which runs over the power line. So, we have a challenge of geographical landscape features and a huge traffic barrier. So, we write our backward networks over power line transmission. So, we have around 3,000 fiber optic going across the whole country and connecting the community centers. So, and all those government agencies and government departments, they are connected to through this government van. National one, that's what I'm saying, the national fiber network. The disaster recovery site, we have set up the government data center and the GR site is in process. So, we just said, as a part of a security architecture thing, we also have a small data center started, mostly looking into, right now, mostly reactive services, but in the future, we'll even begin to work directly with the services. The optical governance and management is very critical for the optical world to work. So, it's a decision-making body for the implementation of key and progressive projects. We have the ego project management office within our department who takes stocks of all the asset projects and then puts through a review body. So, that's why we have this ego PM and the governance structure. In terms of governance structure, we have the ego review committee and after that, we have the ego executive committee, the ego council and then the ego council. The dashboarding, the KPIs tends to encourage and scare us. That's the thing that I mentioned earlier. Cross-domain views and analysis for dominant matrices. We have service to data related matrix, service to application data for application to that work. So, EG Portal is a peer repository system. So, it's a custom-built system. We are four countries who are available to buy tools such as i-server or some faculty and that sort of thing. But we have our own rationale for using a custom EA repository. Because EA is a live document. If you print it, then it's a one-time document. If there are some changes, it's not very dynamic. So, that's why we have a centralized EG Portal that's linked to that. So, projects, programs all of government review are all ICT projects by ego PM which I mentioned at that time. ICT project proposal review. Every ICT project proposal has to be sent through a review process. We review those things and then we approve it. Government performance management system is basically initiated by the Prime Minister's office and then it aligns all those departments and all performance contracts and takes with it whether they have made their KPIs which are set as a part of the target. So, this is my last slide. Lessons to learn. Basically, when you talk about EA package to E-Initiative as a business initiative rather than high-city or technological initiative we get a buy-in from the highest level of government so basically from a reproductive perspective, we have seen that political development is very important. So, that's why it's very critical that we get a buy-in from the ground up and let the agencies like Planning Commission or the Prime Minister's office be in the front. That's how well it is but we have a rationale that before the Planning Commission and the Prime Minister's office they are not aware about government enterprise architecture they are not aware about easy development almost all of the truth. So, as an IT department, we initiate but then once it goes into operational involved so we recommend the Planning Commission or the Prime Minister's office to turn those things enhanced EA competency along with support from external experts. I think that's very critical. So, as a part of the EA gentlemen and EA it's also important that we have the team in general. So, talk more about business values pick up the low-hanging foot so that you can show our quick wins don't start picking us to give you architecture world shelf and pictures so basically that's similar to any other things. Don't portray the initiative as an ICT or a technical initiative. So, don't reinvent them on existing initiatives and organizations within development. So, I think these are key lessons which we have learned as a part of our initiative. So, with this, thank you for your attention.