Hey guys, welcome to Rotorat on Lidrib. I'm Alex Manover. Let's fly or see Bobby at PV one of the best parts about flying is flying with other people because when you're flying with your friends you can push each Other you can challenge each other You can learn from the skills that they have that you may not have developed so much when you're flying by yourself You know it's really hard to start improving because you don't really have someone else to gauge off of it All of us here really like to push each other competitively and it's why we enjoy flying with each other so much So I think it's a great opportunity for us to kind of judge each other a little bit But in a friendly criticism way. There's no shame in admitting that there's room to grow I don't ever want to be in a place where I feel like I'm the best pilot I can be I always want to be looking for new things to try. Maybe it's a new trick to learn or maybe it's taking a trick I already know how to do and we're finding it a possibilities are endless, right? Even consistency can be a factor like just being able to do the same trick over and over and over again So you can do it on demand is really helpful as well So today we're here at a wonderful tree spot the lighting is a beautiful right now beautiful golden hour So we're gonna go ahead and rip and push each other as much as we can I think all of us are gonna be able to find something that we want to improve on and that someone else's meal help them learn Suck it. Let's make your excuse better. I just need to like up my rates like Nothing I fly 480 degrees and I can do rubric cubes. I fly 450 but I could do it at three Let's see you know it here. Let's let's take a look at your best rubric So I'll start by just doing the trick. So here we go So that's a rubric cube now you can ultimately just remember the basis of a rubric cube is Half flip full roll half flip. It's really what it is and you can do it with slow rates I like to do it a little bit like this I'll show you guys what I've been doing recently So, you know, I'll find a gap or something like that and I'll do it kind of slow. I'll be like Like that. I do love your slow style. It's very unusual to see a rubric you've done like that Yeah, that was cool a little throttle blip to keep it So the biggest thing is just making sure about me you get full stick That's the biggest thing and start by just practicing stopping like Get good at stopping it on a point. Yeah, that's the biggest thing if you can't stop it on a point It's just gonna be all messy once you can do that. Then yeah start, you know finding a gap or something You can do it through It's one of my favorite tricks and of course that I like to do real That takes a little bit of yawn throttle and timing Something that can be tricky is to set yourself up for the roll to like stop at the right point Like something I struggled with when I was doing them is I wouldn't roll enough Like I would be looking more down at the ground and then I would roll and that wouldn't look right And then when you go to roll out of it You have to compensate for it and do more of like a 270 if that makes sense rather than the 180 Let me show you some with higher rates You'll end up doing a more like Vanny like that because your rates are slower like is but I think You know what what more people are used to seeing is kind of that higher rate Half flip hold it half flip out just get used to that That idea of kind of like holding it for a second so you have flip hold it and then you're gonna throw a roll in there Right. Yeah, so, you know, it's obviously easier if you have some altitude.  Yeah, you know, so take it's definitely a practice and muscle memory thing if you want to do them super snappy to get it right We boom boom boom and see I'm still a little off. It's hard. It's hard to get it It's just definitely a to refinement thing that was a good one You know, I had the fast rate so I was doing them really snappy, but I do really like van over style So what I have the option to do is I can do them that fast or I cannot necessarily go full stick Like I was going full stick on all those just to like show what the snappier version look like Yeah, but you can use different points at the stick travel So like I could do Vanny's style where I just would maybe go like half stick and then I could do that slower like boom Yeah, boom boom because I do love that and I just think it's about like how's the rest of the line looking? What song you flying to what kind of spot you're doing whether you want to go Or do more of that like mm-hmm. I think it's just one of those tricks that I like I've never even tried like I don't think I've never seen you do it. Yeah, they never really appealed to me But I think after like you know, you're throwing them in there doing them with a different style kind of slow I'm like I like Rubik's cubes now. I think it'll be good. Even if you don't do them a lot It's kind of cool to expand your repertoire and what you can do and can't do Yeah, I think you know ultimately kind of eliminate the things you can't do and just being able to do everything It'll make you a better pilot Nice and yeah, just the more you practice at the better You'll get it just like stopping it on a spot, you know Yeah, because you're on low rates as well You gotta like mash the stick but smoothly mash it But you know you get you we have to get full stick in because the drone doesn't turn as fast with our slower rates Yeah, so you have to really get good at just full stick in each corner, but doing it smoothly Yeah, that was better, but I could hear you Started the roll a little early like just do the front flip and give it a beat then start the roll Yeah Hang time to I need to get like my the horizon flatter. Yep That seemed good to me I Think What if I can like Rubik's Cube into a trippy spin? Yeah, that'd be cool. So we were doing that's what you're was doing earlier He was doing a Rubik's Cube into a trippy spin Okay, what the heck Wow That was kind of cool. That was awesome. Yeah, I kind of like that combo. Yeah, cuz like you got to catch it in the right spot Do it again. I don't think I can Oh, you can do it And then do it. Yeah, I didn't like that one. Yeah. No, I came to a stop. That one didn't have to not sound good I like that combo. I'm Gonna try to get better at that Yeah, I gotta figure out fix that stop. Yeah. Well, you know something I was messing with earlier Was the Rubik's to Maddie and I feel like that, you know, you don't end up with that natural stop, you know Oh That's cool. No, I definitely think you got better at doing the a Rubik's Cube just practice you already can do them I think I'm more gonna practice the Rubik's Cube to trippy spin and like trying to get that stop not so Like defined I'm gonna find like 15 degrees right now and I'm wondering if Like having a higher camera angle would help that transition I mean it might but you know, I think like pdavx proved that you do not need that high angle to pull off some crazy tricks You know, I guess I always hesitate to like change my angle for a certain trick Like I'd rather force myself to learn it at the angle actually fly at so that I can use it practically rather than being like Oh, I'm gonna do that particular trick. Hold up. Let me I mean Here's a good example that when people started doing Maddie flips and trippy spins like this is Maddie stunts way back in the day He was doing it like 60 degrees angle and everyone kind of thought like you kind of have to do those tricks with The high angle but then all of a sudden his freestyle evolved people were doing those same tricks with the low angle So I'm with you drew. I feel like I don't want to change my setup to do a trick I just want to change the way I fly instead probably as usual. The answer is fly better I was inspired by pdavx was doing those combo link-together things and I've gotten pretty dang good at doing a trippy spin Into a maddie flip. But one thing I just have not been able to get is to Maddie flip and then link it into a trippy spin. That's just I don't know I think this is a great set of trees to practice this on so That's right. Can you Maddie flip to trippy spin try let's do it together together. Let's do it together Maybe let's plug it on Alex to was this guy. Yeah while he's flying his $4,000 set up. How much is that camera? That's your that just great. Did you just do it? Yeah first try. Yeah, no drama there Yeah, I think you do a first try. Well, I'm just gonna warm up. So I mean I can I can Maddie flip All right, and I can trippy spin and I can even trippy spin into the tree So that I just don't get how you do. Oh, I just don't get it. But what's the motion? I it's like weird. It's not really a maddie flip I'm kind of thinking of it's entering a backwards dive front flipping because then I'm going straight down and then catching it Does that make sense? Hold on, you know, I think what I'm gonna practice is coming from this way starting to fly backwards and Nope right into the tree what I think would help is like so, you know You're trying to enter the trippy spin in the maddie flip when your camera is facing straight up If I'm coming out of the maddie flip that I'm coming backwards, right? So I feel like that's kind of the thing. Well, so that's the thing is like when I'm doing it I'm never getting to that stage where I'm flat I'm I'm always 90 degrees to the ground and then I start the trippy spin right there, okay? So it's like a 75 percent maddie flip and then from right there. I'll just Oh, that's a smart idea. Okay, so rather than even bothering with the maddie flip. I'm just gonna backwards dive Boom. Oh, that's interesting. That was interesting To just to just go up and backwards dive it. So just kind of like boom look up dive dive dive trippy spin Interesting. Let me try. Let me try. Here we go. So I just kind of Maddie flip backwards dive trippy There it is. Let's go All right, I mean, I didn't lock into like, you know, lots of spins, but that was a good solid Let me go with you again. So maddie maddie backwards dive trippy.  Yo Yo, there's a hawk up there Yes, oh I feel so accomplished Thank you, Bobby. Well that gets chewing next to my ear Yeah, I'm gonna try to get a good flight. Yo, can you stop? Okay? I do struggle a little bit with power loops I can do a power loop naturally But like Consistently doing a power loop the way I want it to look on camera I do struggle with a little bit like I couldn't just do a power loop over and over and over and over again and Keep it consistent. Yeah, and I don't know. Maybe that'll help me trying to do that I've tried in the simulator to just do power loops over and over and over again I've spent a lot of time in the simulator just burning away at just trying to do over and over and over power loops That tree let me see your power loop that branch this branch. Yep, right there He just did it. You can go back under it I didn't There's a ground there There's a bush right there. All right, so there's found something tight yet I think Sean you're holding too much throttle through the whole power loop So you're starting it off of it when you're inverting you're holding so much draw But that's why you're like flying into the ground I kind of think of it more as a flick and then I'm kind of a power loop So I don't like the flicks because then you end up like what you know, let me rephrase that flick of the throttle So like it's still curved though. I don't like that.  So like you're going the throttles would be like I do feel like it's probably a throttle issue a throttle management issue definitely Yeah, I'm hearing you like you're inverted and it's still like you want to tune in and join or you want to just get this light More spins while looking up at branches At least they can do that as opposed to who the guy who taught you how to do them Back in the day, I said, oh, I just learned how to do it. I knew how to do it in the beginning I was born knowing how it was it wasn't my tutorial. No, I was born Do you know where the name of the trick? I made a trick. Well, I'm calling a cyclone from now on drew Just kind of like fly past it turn around and fly over it do that like faster fast but smooth Yeah, yeah, and now try to like do it even faster so that you end up Cartwheeling over it like look over your shoulder. You know like a like a split it No, no, no go go under it and back over it, but instead of power looping like look up over your shoulder at it Yeah, now now make it make it tighter make it a more of a perfect circle and set it again Yeah And I think you're you're still heavy on the throttle like I want to hear when you're up over it throttle should come down But don't chop it. So like as you're going up bleed off it. Yeah, that was good. That was good But you bled off too quickly Also continuing through under it so it looks like a yeah, yeah, I think the off axis Helps a lot. Well, not that time. Yeah, no it because you can stay visual on it Yeah, I like that. Yeah, the off axis definitely helps picking up little tips of information like that can make a huge difference on learning something I mean it's kind of a cool trick in and of itself like I do those it's just an ego thing I don't want the world to know that I can't do a power loop unless it's in a video and I got lucky that one time So what do you mean comment? They're sad in their mom's basement criticizing your power loop You're out here in the beautiful weather having great friends having a good time So and I'm working a power loop. Well, most of these guys just fly in a sim anyway I'm telling you There it is. There it is awesome awesome. All right, man, I think go for the loop man.  Yeah, you I think at the end you kind of freaked out and you know pitch more That was too little so in between that one and this one meet it in the middle Cut it. There it was. Oh, but you can drop it up. That was so close Got it on it. Yes. Okay. There we go It was clean nice That's what I wanted. Yeah, but you gotta do it smoother than that. Yeah, I mean I did it, but I want it smooth So I'm turning a yaw track into a trippy spin. It's pretty good. It's pretty cool. It's honestly my favorite thing I've seen today. I Don't know if I can do that is something honestly. I can't do the yaw track Boom, I could probably do it like I haven't ever done it. I was really psyched with that one I think I got it pretty good. No, I think you got one pretty good Yes, but how you did not hit that tree. Oh my You hold it that yaw track that you're doing is really cool I will say it's the first trick I've seen in a quite a long time where I'm like Oh, that's nice because I've seen you do that trick and what I like You know what I try and do with my tricks is I don't want to like change up the whole way I fly just to do a trick because it just doesn't ever feel natural to me Yeah, what I like to do is find a trick that I'm already Doing or good at and expand upon it and that yaw track that you do you do it all the time and it looks so good So to see you like go into a tree spin. That's the kind of thing that when I'm watching I'm like whoa Like I didn't think he was gonna do that the whole surprise element is what's so important to me in freestyle It's just weird because you like track it and then you have to like Settle your back end down and turn it into a spin, but but that inverted yaw track I mean if you don't can you have you done this? I mean, it's well within your ability for sure I've done them unintentionally. Gotcha. So what does I mean? I think it's almost easier to just force yourself to do the stick movements and then like reverse engineer from there So like just go up to your thing and I like to like fly if I'm flying to the left of it Just roll away from it and then just push the yaw stick towards it. I think I got let me let me try Roll right and yaw right so you're going to Boom that I mean that was it man. That was it and like the faster you go at it Just changes how you know much yaw you have to give So there you had like a little too much yaw right got a guy so either you need to go faster or slow the yaw down Because you just want to keep it in the center a little bit That was cool. That was cool Yeah, and then it's nice with like a circular object and you know kind of that wide angle because it looks like the Object pushes toward and away from you. You know you're cheating the fisheye boom I kind of like that. Yeah, it's just something that you can like work in See you you went to the wrong side of it Yeah, I need to be so that it does trip me up to try to roll left and then yaw right but you could so you could roll toward it But I usually roll away from it. That's cool. Yeah, it's nice man, especially if you do so what you were trying to do Was go into a trippy and this I just learned today So you're gonna already take it and learn the combo of it and then turn into a trippy right there Have it you basically do the yaw track and then let yourself fall and then catch into it. We try to get Fall into it. Oh Into the corner I think I can do this the falling it's like I'm trying to keep it smooth not just like jerk it in I'm trying to do what you were doing where you've done it so many more times You're more comfortable like centering up the tree and frame. That's the biggest thing with the trick Yeah, it's keeping the tree or whatever object it is in the center frame That was good It's not the same as the way you do it, but you've also kind of have your own It's kind of what I was saying like I don't like doing other tricks that are natural me But if I can kind of evolve them into something like I would kind of come up and do it like this Yeah, that looks very different from how I do it right same trick, but different very different I mean, that's what's so cool about FPV is just get so I would try to go to the trip My instinct is rolling the other way. Yeah Tribute should be it should be it. Yes. There. Yeah, I want to do it. Let me know. I got now. I got now I got it. Let me do it smooth That's cool. You so the thing is okay, so now I'm figuring out more you it's fun to free fall Right, you kind of like have to trust fall for a moment. You have to have enough room to catch it So you need to really That's so ah, it's so cool. It's very cool. I mean you're doing it Once it could use something but I mean you totally did it I mean and this is something like the yaw track is something that I have been doing and refining for a long time and then To combine it to a trippy spin has been something that's been bounced around my brain for weeks And then today I finally like grinded a bunch of tries nailed it and then you Learned the yaw track and the combo in two packs. So I think that's very impressive. I mean to be fair I've accidentally done that trick before like I've never done it intentionally and I think what's Weird is it's like you're inverted and you're like which way do I yawn what the biggest thing I learned from doing is like You need to be thinking about Where you're gonna yaw so like if you're gonna be yawing and rolling right you got to be on the right side of the object Because I'm always trying to figure out like how do I like focus on the object, right? It seems like I can do the move But then it's like it doesn't do anything because I was inverted because I was inverted We finally found something that Alex isn't like oh, yeah, I invented that Hey, come on don't throw me under the bus. I've been getting a lot of credits a lot of people recently myself me I


Welcome, I welcome you all to this lecture in the course, Samasa in Panimian Grammar and this is the first course. We begin our lecture with the recitation of the Mangala Charana. Vishvesham Sakchidanandam Vandeham Yo Khilan Jagat Charikarthi Bari Bharti Sanjariharthi Li Laya We are studying Tathpurusha Samasa in detail in this particular course. We have stated that Tathpurusha Samasa is the most productive amongst all the four categories of Samasa namely Avyaivava, Tathpurusha, Vahuvrihi and Vandva. Tathpurusha Samasa also has got so many varieties in comparison with other Samasas. We also stated that Tathpurusha Samasa is explained by Panini in his grammar with the help of numerous sutras in comparison with the other Samasas be it Samasa Vidhyayaka Sutras or Samasanta Pratyaya Vidhyayaka Sutras or Samasa Swara Vidhyayaka Sutras. The formation of the Tathpurusha Samasa can be explained in brief in the form of this simple equation where we have X and Y and they are independent and separate entities having independent and separate meaning and word form and also accent. Now the important point is that these two independent separate entities are interlinked semantically and so the speaker of Sanskrit decides to merge these two entities together and generate one entity as the output. So the process of compounding happens and the output generated is XY. Remember this is one output one entity XY having one meaning having one word form and also one accent. This is Ekarthi Bhava. There are three features that are visible here. They are Ekarthi, Ekapadhy and also Ekaswariya. As far as the Tathpurusha Samasa is concerned, Y which is highlighted in the bold characters assumes the state of the head of the compounded form. What this implies is that when XY becomes part of the sentence and then when XY gets interrelated with any external word in the sentence this interrelation happens through Y and by default X cannot be having any interrelation with any other external word in the sentence without going through Y. When this happens and when such compounds are found they are treated by the grammatical theory as exceptions and termed as Asamartha Samasa. We also studied the Vibhakti Tathpurusha initially as one of the major sub varieties of the Tathpurusha compound. Now we are studying the Karma Dharaya and we said that the Karma Dharaya compound is stated in the section 249 up to 72. This is governed by the Adhikara Samanadi Karana. The term Karma Dharaya is defined as Tathpurusha Samanadi Karana Karma Dharaya. That Tathpurusha in which the constituents denote one and the same entity as referent is termed Karma Dharaya. The state of being Samanadi Karana is Samanadi Karanyam which is explained in the following line When many words having different purpose of usage when they stand for one and the same entity those words are said to be co-referential Samanadi Karanya being the relation. Now let us study the remaining sutras in the Karma Dharaya section in this particular lecture. The first one is Krityatulya Khya Ajatya. There are two words in the sutra. This is 2168 and the two words are Krityatulya Khya and Ajatya. Krityatulya Khya is 1 slash 3 Pratipadikas having Kritya suffix at the end and also Pratipadikas meaning similar. Now because this word is in the Prathama Vibhakti the sutra Prathama Nirdhistham Samasa Upasarjanam will apply and assign the term Upasarjanam to these words and then Upasarjanam Purvam will ensure the Purva Nipata occupying the initial position of the Samasa. The second Pada in the sutra is Ajatya which is instrumental singular which means with the words denoting non-generic property Ajatya, non-generic property. Generic property is Jati and non-generic property is Ajati. The word denoting non-generic property is Ajatishabdha. Now the words continued are Sup Sahasupa and also Samartha Padavidhi and also Samanadhi Karanena in the instrumental case meaning with the same referent. So the meaning of the sutra is any Subanta whose Pratipadikas have Kritya suffix at the end and also whose Pratipadika means similar is compounded with any other interrelated coreferent Subanta which denotes non-generic property meaning. I repeat any Subanta whose Pratipadikas have Kritya suffix at the end and also whose Pratipadika means similar is compounded with any other interrelated coreferent Subanta which denotes non-generic property meaning. So the overall structure is this, the Pratipadika in the Purvapada is either ending in the Kritya suffix or it is Tulayakhya and the Uttarapada having the Pratipadika which does not denote the generic property. If this is the input the output generated would be the Kritya suffix ending Pratipadika or the Tulayakhya Pratipadika and Ajati Pratipadika. This is the example, food should be consumed when warm. When this meaning is to be expressed we have the laukika vigraha bhojjam ushnam. Now bhojja is derived by adding the suffix year to the verbal root bhoja. So year is a Kritya suffix. So bhojja means something that should be eaten, something that should be consumed because Kritya suffix means karma over here. So now we have bhojjam and ushnam referring to one and the same entities and so there is coreferentiality relation between them and so now we have the semantic relatedness. So then bhojja plus su and ushnam plus su this is the laukika vigraha. So the samasa saudnia takes place, so the Pratipadika saudnia takes place and then supodhatup Pratipadika applies and deletes both the supratyayas which are part of this Pratipadika. And then finally we apply the sandhirul and we get the finally derived compound output namely bhojja ushnam which means the same thing as bhojjam ushnam. Similarly we will also get the meaning which is to be expressed namely water should be consumed when cold. And then we get the compound output by undergoing the same procedure as paniyashitam, paniyam shitam. They have coreferentiality and so the compound process happens and the output generated is paniyashitam. Paniyah is the word ending in Kritya suffix aniyah added to the verbal root pa meaning to drink. Similarly we have the word form tulya shweta derived when the meaning is similar to white, tulya means similar and sadrusha is also the synonym of tulya. So when similar to white is the meaning to be expressed, tulya and shweta even though they mean different things they refer to one and the same entity. So there is samanadi karanya therefore there is semantic relatedness. So the compounding process happens and so after having done the entire derivational process we get the finally derived compound output namely tulya shweta. Similarly sadrusha shweta. Let us now go to the next sutra, varno varnayana. This is to 169. Here there are two padas in the sutra varnaha and varnayana. Varnaha is one slash one meaning color because this is prathama. So prathama nirjitam samasa upasar janam will assign the term upasar janam to the word denoting color. And the other padha in the sutra is varnina but that is in kritya. But the first padha varnaha because it is in prathama so upasar janam purvam will ensure that this varnah occupies the first position in the samasa. Varnayana is instrumental singular which means with color. Words continued are sup and sahasupa. Also samartha padavidhi and also samanadi karanayana in the instrumental case meaning with the same referent. So the overall meaning of the sutra is any subanta whose pratipadika means a color is compounded with any other interrelated coreferent subanta which denotes a color. I repeat any subanta whose pratipadika means a color is compounded with any other interrelated coreferent subanta which denotes a color. So the point is if you have varnah plus su as the purvapada and varnah plus su as the uttrapada the output that one gets is varnah and varnah as the compound output. So now if we have the meaning something which is red and spotted. Red and spotted namely lohita and sarangha they both refer to one and the same entity even though the meanings are different so there is coreferentiality and so the compound process takes place and we get the form lohita sarangaha. Similarly when we have the meaning black and white to be expressed we have krishna chasa udhavala as the laukika pigraha and so there is samanadi karanya because both krishna and dhavala even though they mean something different they are referring to one and the same entity having both the colors and so there is coreferentiality. So there is semantic relatedness and so they get compounded and so we have krishna plus su plus dhavala plus su as the laukika pigraha samasa saudhna takes place prathipadika saudhna takes place supodhatup prathipadika yoho now applies and deletes both the su prathiyas which are part of the prathipadika and so we get krishna plus zero plus dhavala plus zero. And then we join the words together and we get krishna dhavala as the finally derived compound output. Then we have the next sutra kumaraha shramanadivihi 2170. There are two paddas in the sutra kumaraha and shramanadivihi. Kumaraha is one one meaning young boy because it is in prathama it is assigned the term upasarjanam and then upasarjanam purbam applies and this will occupy the initial position of the samasa. Shramanadivihi is a reference to a group of words that begins with shramana. Shramana means female medicant and this is an instrumental plural. Words continued are sup sahasupa samarthappadavidhi and also samanadhi karanena. So here the sutra assumes the relation of core referentiality to exist between kumaraha which is masculine and shramana which is female medicant. And that will pose some problem and in order to solve it we will resort to the material that we have seen earlier prathipadika grahani linga visishtasyapi grahanam. So the meaning of the sutra is any subanta whose prathipadika is kumaraha is compounded with any other interrelated coreferent subanta which denotes a female medicant etc. So the meaning of the sutra is any subanta whose prathipadika is kumaraha is compounded with any other interrelated coreferent subanta which denotes a female medicant. As we said earlier in order to establish the coreferentiality we will have to apply the material namely prathipadika grahani linga visishtasyapi grahanam. So now we understand that the word kumaraha also stands for kumari the feminine form after adding e to it and so kumari is now a young girl. So now the lawkika vigraha would be kumari chasau shramanacha. So kumari and shramana they both are referring to one and the same entity now. So there is semantic relatedness in the form of coreferentiality and so now the samasa will happen. So kumari plus su plus shramana plus su this is the lawkika vigraha. Now samasa saudhnya takes place prathipadika saudhnya takes place then supodhatu prathipadika yoho applies and the sub gets deleted. So we have kumari plus zero plus shramana plus zero and so we have kumari shramana. And then finally we also apply the pumvatbhava where kumari is taken back to the prathipadika form and so we have kumarashramana. Because kumari and shramana are coreferential and both of them are in the feminine gender and so the conditions for sriya pumvatbhashitapumska danoong samanadhikarane sriya apurani priya deshu apply and so the pumvatbhava operation takes place. So we get the finally derived compound output in the form of kumarashramana. Similarly we get kumaraprabrajita and also kumaratapasi as outputs of the same sutra. Next we go to chatushpado garbhinya. This sutra also has got two padhas. This is 2171. The first padha is chatushpadaha which is one four-peed. This is prathamavibhakti. So by the sutra prathamadirdishtam samasupasarjanam this will be termed as upasarjanam. And there will be purva-nipata. So this will occupy the initial position of the compound. Then the second word is garbhinya which is in the instrumental singular which means with the word garbhini. Garbhini means pregnant. The words continued are sup sahasupasamarthapadavidhi and also samanadhikarane. Meaning with the same referent. So the overall meaning of the sutra is the following. Any subanta whose prathipadika denotes a four-peed animal is compounded with the other interrelated coreferent subanta namely garbhini. So when the meaning is to be expressed in the following manner. A cow who is pregnant. So in order to express this we have gaushcha asavgarbhini cha. Now go and garbhini means pregnant. So in order to express this we have gaushcha asavgarbhini cha. Now go and garbhini means pregnant. Both these words they even though mean different things refer to one and the same entity over here. So they are related as coreference and therefore there is semantic relatedness. Therefore compounding can happen and so the speaker of Sanskrit compounds them. The process of the compounding begins.  So then prathipadika saudhnya takes place and then supodhatup prathipadika jo applies and deletes both the sub pratyayas.  And then when we join these two words together we get go garbhini as the compound output. Finally derived compound output go garbhini and which means the same thing as gaushcha asavgarbhini cha. Similarly we also can generate ajagarbhini and some other compounds of this kind. The statement in the traditional commentators on this sutra is chatushpaad jaati ritivaktavyam. What it means is it should be said that chatushpaad should refer to a species only and not to anything else. So that's why go and aja these are the species that are referred to and therefore this compound is possible in accordance with this particular statement. Chatushpaad o garbhiniya. Now we come to the last sutra of this particular section dealing with the karamadharaya samasas. And this is Mayura Vyamsaka Dayascha 2172. And there are two padas in the sutra. Mayura Vyamsaka Dayah, this is Prathama Bhuvachana and chah. What this means is that the group of words that begins with Mayura Vyamsaka, this is the meaning of Mayura Vyamsaka Dayah. Chah means and and chah is an indeclinable avyayya. What this sutra means is that and the group of words that begins with Mayura Vyamsaka. Mayura Vyamsaka means a cheat peacock. Vyamsaka means a cheat. Mayura is a peacock. So Mayura Vyamsaka stands for a cheat peacock etc. They are also termed as the Purusha Samasa. The other example of this kind is Chhatra Vyamsaka, a cheat student. Now the point is that in Mayura Vyamsaka and Chhatra Vyamsaka, Mayura and Vyamsaka, they both are referring to one and the same entity. Also in Chhatra Vyamsaka, even though Mayura and Vyamsaka mean something different, they are referring to one and the same entity. So there is co-referentiality between the two. So there is semantic relatedness. Now Mayura is the Visheshya and Vyamsaka is the Visheshana. But now in accordance with the previously studied sutra, Visheshana, Visheshya and Abhulam, Vyamsaka should occupy the initial position in the compound. Whereas in this case we see that it is occupying the second position in the compound. And so this is clearly an exception and that is the reason why a group of words having this kind of behavior which is not in conformity with the rules laid down earlier, they are all collected together and put into one bag, put into one gana so to speak and stated that these words are also used. These words are also to be considered as grammatical words. So the qualifier here takes the final position of the compound and yet these words are declared to be the words in the usage. And such a sutra then is called nipatanasutra which brings into the grammatical system elements which otherwise do not conform with the rule based system. Now this particular bag as we have studied before is primarily to account for usages like Mayura Vyamsaka and Chhatra Vyamsaka. But in this are added several other elements. For example, ahidadayo anyapadarthay. So the words are ahi and id primarily, these are both of them the thinganthas and so they are not fit to be compounded because they violate the basic condition of the compounding. And yet we see these exceptions happening, both the words are merged together by the speakers of Sanskrit and also the meaning is peculiar because they mean something else which resembles the way Bahubrihi compound denotes the meaning. But still they are termed as the purusha for the purpose of the accent and so on. So ahidadayo anyapadarthay is a statement which brings together ahid. So the compounds ahid denote the other meaning out of the compound. What it means is the following. Ahi, id, iti, yatra, karmani, vartate. So an action in which these words are constantly uttered. Ahi, kam, id etc. So this action will be called ahidah. What it actually amounts to mean is that ahi is not referring to any action, idah is not particularly referring to any action but to the word ahi and to the word idah which refers to an action. So at the outset these words seem to refer to an action but rather the close scrutiny reveals the fact that these words are referring to the word form as the meaning which is a very basic and fundamental principle accepted in Panimian grammar. Nonetheless ahi and idah otherwise are thinganthas and are not supposed to be compounded but here they are compounded and they are therefore clubbed together in this particular bag of words. Similarly we have ahiyavam, apahidvitiya etc. which are also clubbed in this particular bag. Also uchchavacham, udakchavakch, high and low and the output generated is uchchavacham. Then there is another statement which says jahi karmana bahulam abhiksne kartaram ca abhidadhati. What this means is that the word jahi meaning strike, this is a thingantha, this is many times compounded with the object. So strike something that something gets compounded with jahi with repetition of saying intended abhiksne and when the compound denotes the agent of saying. So one who says this, for example jahi jodam iti abhiksnyam ya ahu sa uchchate jahi jodaha. Joda is chin, so one who keeps on constantly saying strike the chin, strike the chin, that fellow, that person is called jahi joda. Here again the word jahi and joda are primarily referring to the word form and so they are grouped together as forming compound and they are listed in this particular group of words called mayurabhamsakadi. So one who keeps repeatedly saying jahi jodam strike the chin is called jahi joda. Similarly one who keeps on repeatedly saying hit the pillar is referred to as jahistambhava. Similarly we have another statement part of this group akhyatam akhyatena kriyasatatye. Akhyatam akhyatena kriyasatatye. What this means is that the tinganta verb gets compounded with another tinganta verb when the compound indicated the repeated occurrence of the actions. So ashnita pipata and khadata modata are the examples of this statement. What this means is once again ashnita pipata iti asakrat yatra uchchatehi.  The words eat and drink they are uttered. Somebody is constantly saying eat drink, that place is called eat drink or ashnita pipata. And this is a compound that is formed. Similarly khadata modata will refer to a place where the words khadata and modata are continuously repeated. This is an open-ended bag also known as akratigana. It is used to account for varied and formally dissimilar usage as well. And so we have a statement in the later tradition. So the tradition says that any tattpurusha compound for which there is no sutra to account for should be placed in this group or in this bag. This happens to be a very good device for the later tradition to account for the compounds which grow in number in the course of time. This is the importance of Mayura Vyamsakadigana and this particular sutra Mayura Vyamsakadayascha. To summarize, in the Karmadharaya compound there is a meta rule invoked in order to account for the coreferentiality which says that a pratipadika also stands for the word form with the gender information added. The device of open-ended group of words is used effectively by the tradition to account for all those forms which are added in the course of time indicating the delicate relationship between language and grammar where language is growing and grammar rules are falling short for taking into account this particular growth. So now we come to the end of the Karmadharaya Samasa which is part of the tattpurusha. Then we take up the sub-type of tattpurusha samasa for study in the next lecture. These are the texts referred to. Thank you very much.


If I was saying, man, I need you to audition to make a meal ticket right now, what would be the song that you would sing and how would you sing it? To show you how it is. The song? Yeah. Give me a little bit of it. You ain't got to go long. Let's see. Let's see. Cause this ain't so bad. Say yes to sex. Even when we get mad. Say yes to kids. One day we'll have. And say yes to love. Here we go. Okay. That's what he, that's what he come out with. He want to sing a pen is all. You can't do that. You can't do it right. What? Man, you know, what was the song that you, when you was, when, if I was saying, man, I need you to audition to be, to make a meal ticket right now. Okay. What would be the song that you would sing and how would you sing it? To show you how it is. The song? Yeah. Give me a little bit of it. You ain't got to go long. Let's see. Let's see. Say yes to this. Cause this ain't so bad. Say yes to sex. Even when we get mad. Say yes to kids. One day we'll have. And say yes to love. And I'll say yes to that. Man, I like that, man. I like that, man. Say yes, baby. That's dope, man. So you, yeah, yeah, yeah, you going to get in there at the end. That's what I'm going to put you in there, man. I think, I think there's something about a person who can sing R&B in this day and time.  I just interviewed T-Rail. I don't feel like you care enough. Only pay attention when I'm in a beach. You think I'm a hoe. It really ain't better. Just interviewed, uh, uh, Deriz Deshun. Ain't gonna say no names. I know I made niggas.  I slayed niggas on the way. Okay. Like these guys are rapping, but they're singing a painful way and they rap, but it's not R&B all the way. It's a different way that they do it. Are you trying to convert R&B into something else? Are you really trying to stay grounded in R&B? No. So I'm trying to convert it into something else. R&B obviously is my, the soul and the heart of where I came from. But because I have this youthful energy to my life, I feel like I'm transcending with each music change that goes on in the industry. Okay. Like music is constantly changing, and I feel like I'm constantly with that flow of ideas and how the world is shifting. Do you think you have to change it because R&B is dead? Whoa, whoa, dead. I'm just asking because... You know what? It ain't never died. You know? It ain't never died to me. It's just not exposed the way we need to expose it.  It ain't never been dead.  Because I see so many R&B artists changing it, not traditional R&B. They're changing it to more whether pain, music, I call it, because they are singing with that pain. It's not that love-making R&B. Everything is about pain and suffering and all of that. I still love it. I like what the new people are doing. A lot of people before us... What happens when baby-making music? That's what I'm doing.


Hi, my name is Leon Rowe Covency trader and trading coach at trading 180 comm and in this video I'm gonna really show you Why you should apply fundamental analysis to your technical zones and I always say to traders that there's no Technical level that's gonna stand in the way of fundamental analysis and you know fundamental analysis and resentment analysis is really where you should Try to take your bias from and determine your bias from not necessarily fundamentals And so there was a demand zone here that many traders would have taken for various reasons And it didn't work and I'm going to tell you the fundamental reason why this was unlikely to work and One of the other reasons why you should kind of apply fundamental analysis to your trading is because then you can not only Pick the you know the best zones But also pick the best pairs right the pairs that are likely to trend and the pairs that are likely To to not trend right if you're employing Trend and I guess range based strategies And so why would traders have taken this demand zone in the first place, right? because at time if you go back use the Replay tool right traders would have been looking at this area here at least As it's known to get involved in based off of the recent trend, right? So we've got You know prices making higher highs and higher lows right here Dominant trend. Yeah, even if you zoom out a little bit even breaks past, you know previous Previous high. Yeah, and so everybody is taught online that that is the continuation of a strong trend Right nice bearish. I'm sorry bullish move to the upside support becomes resistance Resistance becomes support. So the trend should want to continue. It looked like it was continuing around here as well and But something obviously changed right something changed now Fundamentally, let's start off with the dollar and why really you should probably be looking and this is not financial advice Of course, but why I am a got a short bias on the dollar and for several reasons one being The recent news that came out on Friday that the federal Favoured inflation gauge rises by less than forecast, right? So the core PCE index climbed 23% last month January January revised down, right? And so a key gauge of US inflation rose last month by less than expected and consumer spending Stabilized suggesting the Federal Reserve may be close to the end of its most aggressive Cycle of interest rate hikes in decades. And so if you're not too sure What that means ultimately? interest rates are hiked and that tends to typically appreciate a currency and Central banks tend to hike rates in the face of rising inflation because inflation actually is the devaluation of a currency so to counter devaluation the currency devaluation Central banks will hike rates, right? And so the end of their hiking cycle is coming to a potential end Sooner as inflation starts to actually come back down to their 2% inflation target, right? and so the end of Rate hikes, which again typically and usually not all the time But it has the effect of appreciating a currency, you know that Monetary policy is coming to an end and in fact City Bank their city bank analysis 27th of March I'm recording this on the 3rd of April Their long-term forecast is actually forecast if we look at the dollar I'm here forecast the dollar to actually go dollar index to go lower right over the next one to three zero to three months one one oh one fifty three and then six to twelve months looking at 96.8 and Another reason is that we find that city analysts are still forecasting a US recession in the second half of 2023 and so whether a second potentially on the cards later this year Central banks not really gonna want to hike into a recession because it basically Will cause the economy to contract even more because you're hiking borrowing and lending costs in a an economic environment where Business isn't doing too well right in the recession. So they tend not to want to hike all in fact It's I can that cycle. In fact, it'll be the cutting of the cycle now again. This isn't set in stone This isn't a prediction in terms of you know, it's going to happen This is just a forecast about what is known currently about the state of the US the US economy. Yeah, and so With all that taking shape we have on the You know on at this area here You know, why would you want to buy the US dollar is the question, right potentially you wouldn't right or I wouldn't personally they're they're bad, you know pairs and occurrences to buy right games, maybe the dollar but We go from the dollar to the Canadian dollar now, right? So we don't really want to buy the US dollar here, right or buy the US dollar at all And now we look at the Canadian dollar, right? What would make the Canadian dollar strengthen? potentially against the US dollar and what happened on Friday was that the Canada's economy showed a surprising or showed surprising strength Despite its rate cuts the GDP was on track for a two point 8% annualized growth in the first quarter And Canada's economy kept growing at the start of the year defying Expectations of a stall and eventual technical recession in the face of the highest interest rate in the year 15 years, right? And so Again It talks about the highest interest rates of 15 years because interest rates are supposed to actually contract the economy the design to contract the economy and in fact Get this beyond the scope of this video, but central banks do want that the economy to contract an employment to rise to get inflation down, but again, that's Something there's something else, but the point is is that there was some decent news out of Canada And they may you know at least stall their Recession later this year also as well What came out today was that? OPEC ended up cutting supply and By doing that Cutting supply and a surprise Shock cut the market is now pricing in potentially some markets Banks are pricing in a hundred dollar oil right to tighten markets. And so Goldman Sachs is pricing it By hire by five dollars to ninety five dollars a barrel and there are several other Banks, you know from Goldman Sachs Bank of America to see group RBC Etc. All talking about, you know, what the effects of the shock cut that OPEC done over the weekend and Why is that relevant because to the Canadian dollar because the Canadian dollar and oil are correlated They said the exchange rate between Canada and the US is often strongly correlated to the price of oil over the long run Yeah, because it's not 100% correlated just because oil goes up today doesn't mean that the Canadian dollar will go up today So, you know, but over the long run, right? When the price of oil rises the value of the Canadian dollar also called the loony also Usually rises right usually is the key word It's not all the time, right? So relative to that of the US dollar the correlation can be directly attributed to the way Canada earns most of its US dollars from the sale of crude oil and the percentage of Canada's revenue That is that this constitutes and so this goes into a bit in depth But point being is that if oil is correlated to and usually correlated to You know oil and we see oil Looking to go to a hundred dollars or go a lot higher than it is right now Which is currently maybe around about 85 dollars a barrel something like that then the combination of a Stronger potentially stronger Canadian dollar. Yeah in this area and a weaker dollar, right fundamentally The technical analysis level was unlikely to hold now again We deal with probabilities in trading wasn't 100% You know going to you know hold or not hold but the likelihood of that holding was very very low at that point in time So if you were looking for just all back Right into you know, maybe some sort of 50% level as a trend You know was from this low for example to this high and then you're looking at the you know 50% call back or even if you're looking at some sort of Fibonacci pullback, right? So let's change that to Fib retracement, you know 61.8% you know fib, right, which would have been somewhere around here Yep And that would have aligned with again some sort of resistance in and around that zone with traders Probably look like they will it was bouncing off of if you go down to the lower time frame Traders probably would have been looking at yeah that area there is a level of support and resistance Yeah, it starts to bounce off there, but then it falls even further again There's no Technical analysis level that's gonna stand in the way of strong fundamentals So you might as well have the fundamentals on your side first before looking at the technicals right makes sense and so You know price action wasn't predicting that oil, you know OPEC we're gonna cut rates It's impossible to determine that from looking at a price chart. It's impossible. So You know, it was basically just a pullback from a level You know from a low to a new high traders would have been looking at, you know potential 38.2 pullbacks 50% pullback 61.8% pullbacks and then obviously prices have just cut through those levels because you know the dollar at the moment has a you know, I guess it's self-bias from a lot of banks and the Canadian dollar actually has a bit of a reversal of fortunes and so the market is revaluing the exchange rate of the dollar CAD Lower for now. So with that being said if you do want to Fly fundamental analysis to your trading head over to trading 180.com currently The mentoring group is open. It won't be open for long. So Head over to trading 180.com if you want to learn how to apply fundamental analysis to your trading and avoid You know taking trades like this more often than not and also as well Learning how to choose the best pairs You know in forex and so you can you know change your your trading Fortunes anyways guys take care and till the next video


So our next speaker is part of the health care security and privacy expert. He is an active member in the security community. He is also an author of such books as visual basic and visual basic dot net for scientists and engineers as well as pro-prol parsing. And he is the project lead for OWASP's anti ransomware guide and OWASP's secure medical device deployment standard projects. Now here to present his talk, standardizing the secure deployment of medical devices, ladies and gentlemen, Chris Frentz. It should come as no surprise to anyone in this room but hospitals are routinely pretty insecure. Going back the last few years, there's been a number of health care data breaches. We see it in 2015. MIT announced it was going to be the year of the hospital hack. We had a bunch of major breaches throughout 2016. And a lot of the security risks in hospitals were further emphasized with all of the ransomware attacks that were predominant last year within health care. The first being Hollywood hospital, roughly March of last year. They were brought down for several days and paying $17,000 to recover all their data. And that was the first of many, many hospitals. We saw a similar trend with MedStar following shortly afterwards as well as many other hospitals throughout the U.S. Now there's several reasons why hospitals like these and all other hospitals make prime targets for attackers. Number one being is medical record data is actually worth quite a bit, much more so than a credit card. You steal a credit card number.  A medical record has a lot more useful data. It could be used for much more comprehensive identity theft because it contains social security numbers, all kinds of other stuff in it. You could establish false identities, open lines of credit with it. You could use it for insurance fraud. You could even use it to buy pharmaceuticals and medical devices that you could then resell for profit. So there's lots of things you can do with medical data that make it quite, quite valuable. And a lot of it too, it can be valuable in ways that you wouldn't normally expect. Like for example, to get a visa to the U.S. from a lot of different countries, they require a clean lung x-ray.  So medical data can often be used in a lot of ways that you wouldn't typically expect. So that's one thing that makes hospitals a fairly ideal target for attackers to go after. The other and more concerning thing that makes hospitals an ideal target is within healthcare, there are still a ton of legacy systems. If we think about it, a lot of medical equipment is quite expensive. It's hard to replace. And it was designed with doing whatever clinical function it had in mind. It might do that clinical function well. It might have a 10-15 year lifespan in which it still does that clinical function very well. But a lot of that equipment was not built with security in mind. We see that in a lot of medical devices now, we're seeing reports almost daily of medical devices being vulnerable to hacking. There's been a number of demonstrations even at this conference here of various medical devices that were easily exploited. In the news recently, we saw both Hasbira, they made the news for the FDA recall for their infusion pumps. And we're probably all familiar with the issue with some of the St. Jude pacemakers that were also all over the media. Going back for some other examples, some medical devices because of the usage of Windows XP and other stuff, it was found to have over 1,400 vulnerabilities in just one system alone. This raises a lot of interest in questions because a lot of the previous attacks they focused on patient data, but what would occur if attackers targeted medical devices instead? And this was largely theoretical until about two months ago when WannaCry broke out. We're pretty familiar with it. It was pretty much a pandemic ransomware attack. Could have actually been much worse than it actually was if the kill switch wasn't found in time. But even so, many, many companies throughout the entire world, you can see the map there showing where they were struck. It was quite widespread, brought a lot of companies down. And most telling in healthcare actually occurred in Britain. Their national health service pretty much was brought to its knees by the WannaCry virus. But the malware and stuff outbreak wasn't unique to healthcare there. Hospitals throughout the world were affected, including in the U.S. But one of the distinct things that's different about WannaCry than a lot of past ransomware outbreaks is past ransomware outbreaks targeted the computer systems that housed patient data. Which, while that still has an impact on patient care, one of the interesting things about WannaCry is WannaCry actually spread to the medical devices themselves. Very, very different. A lot of radiology equipment in this particular case was actually brought down by WannaCry. Those systems had the same vulnerabilities that a lot of the computer systems affected by WannaCry actually had. Because if we think about it, all of these medical devices basically under the hood, they are computers. They're either running some form of Linux or some form of embedded windows. But those same vulnerabilities we find in our PCs, they're going to be present in these medical devices as well. And this is pretty scary because it really can give a whole new meaning to the term denial of service in a way that really could cause somebody to die depending on what the device actually is. You know, if you have a stroke patient coming in and they can't get the cat's gun down in time to determine if you need surgery, something else like that. Could have fatal consequences. If a heart monitor misses a defect, the patient goes, starts to have a heart attack, the nurse doesn't notice because the monitor was shut off or brought down by some kind of virus. There's many indications like that where you could have potentially lethal outcomes. Now the question is is what to do about it? There's a lot of organizations thankfully that are starting to look at it. One is I am the cavalry but two years ago they released their Hippocratic oath for connected medical devices and basically it covers things that manufacturers can do to help make devices more and more secure. Through a lot of their efforts to improve medical device security, I know they've been working with the FDA and the FDA also has released a lot of guidance within the last couple of years. Some things about the FDA guidance, they released both pre-market and post-market guidance. Basically that makes security recommendations for medical devices. The pre-market guidance is mostly in terms of how the devices are manufactured. The post-market guidance mostly deals with things like keeping devices up to date and other stuff companies should ideally do once the device is put on the market. Now this is a huge, huge step in the right direction. Very essential. But one of the downsides right now is the guidance is currently non-binding. So it's a recommendation to manufacturers but not something they legally have to follow yet. And my other concern with this type of stuff is if we think about it, even if manufacturers comply with all this guidance tomorrow they make the theoretically perfectly secure device starting tomorrow. There's still a lot of medical devices that are going to exist for a long time in hospital and healthcare institutions that are not going to be replaced overnight. In many cases these systems cost hundreds of thousands, millions of dollars depending on the systems are going to be replaced. And no hospital has the budget to go about and replace all their devices because a new, more secure model came on the market. So even in the perfect world where everything became secure tomorrow, which is not going to happen, it's still going to be years and years before all of the older insecure devices are removed from our healthcare institutions. So the real question is what can we do now to help make medical devices more secure? What can we do in our current environments? So how do healthcare institutions that have current deployments, we're replacing them tomorrow is not going to be a possibility. What can they do to make devices more secure? And on top of that is even if we assume these perfectly secure devices will one day come to market. You could have a device with all the security features in the world in your environment but if you don't take the time to configure and deploy it properly it's still going to be highly insecure. So one of the things that was heavily lacking was a standard for how hospitals should go about and securely deploy medical devices. And that's one of the things a lot of my work is focused on. I did release the standard through OWASP but basically what the goal of this project is, is it's designed to complement the work done by the FDA, complement the work done by IMD-Calvary and not focus on the manufacturing side but focus on the hospital side. On the actual people who will be deploying these devices. Now some of the things within the guidance, I'm not going to go through every control in depth. There was the Google link in the preceding slide and I'll make the slides available to anybody who wants them. But one of the first things I think should be touched upon by hospitals is purchasing controls. This is one of the most effective ways to get organizations to change over the long term to get manufacturers to increasingly adopt security and put security into their products. So in my opinion any hospital is going to be acquiring new medical devices. One of the first things they should do is they should audit the devices that they're going to buy for both security and privacy. Which devices, before they purchase them, are going to best meet the needs in terms of keeping the data secure and keeping the patients secure. And when doing this, organizations should remind doctors and stuff that that is a big part of patient safety nowadays. Because if the device is not secure and it goes down, that really can put patients at risk. So that needs to be considered as well. In terms of evaluating the patient, the privacy and the security controls, some of the other things to consider is also this long term support for the device. Which vendors are willing to provide patches and other stuff over the long term for those devices? Because the reality is these devices do have 10 to 15 year life span sometimes. So which vendors are going to continue to keep those platforms under support? And another recommendation, not quite in the guide yet, but what I'm going to add in the next version of the guide is, I think when people do buy these devices, they should request a list of all the software components that are contained in the device. Because it's not uncommon to find that even if they have an up to date version of Windows or Linux or something else in the device, that they're using an ancient version of Apache or some other old library and stuff like that. And having a list of all the components can help you in your security auditing. So my number one thing and I think more and more hospital should do it is put with their wallet and only bring devices into the environment that do meet some semblance of security and privacy principles. Additionally, one of the scary things, particularly exposed by WannaCry, but exposed in other sources as well, is a lot of the medical devices that were brought down by WannaCry were brought down because they were publicly accessible over the internet. Now, that's pretty scary because in 99% of the cases there's probably no need for those devices to be accessible over the internet. So, I mean, I could really go through in depth with the firewall, that kind of stuff is, but taking basic mechanisms to ensure that your medical devices are not publicly reachable, pretty simple, straightforward security control, missing in an awful lot of hospitals. So one section of the guide does go through different perimeter protections you can put in place to ensure that these devices are not publicly available and if they do need access to the internet and other stuff like that, things you can do to actually control and restrict access to just what is needed. Additionally, just like you should have defense at the perimeter, a lot of organizations fail in this area as well, is these devices do not need to talk to every other device on your network. Yes, all modern medical equipment, it's pretty much network-enabled, often for perfectly valid reasons to improve patient care because, you know, let's say you have a heart monitor sitting on a patient and, you know, the heart rate could automatically be sent to a nursing station where the nurse is monitoring it and having that kind of stuff networked, it can improve response times, much better for patient care. There's a lot of valid reasons for having this equipment networked. But the output of that heart monitor does not need to go to every device in your organization. Likewise, every device in your organization does not need to connect to that particular heart monitor. So a lot of the controls here focus on, you know, very basic network security, but stuff you often find lacking in a lot of hospitals, basic things like network segmentation, taking time to do vulnerability scanning of devices you have inside, making sure they're secure and making sure patches are applied, things like that. Very basic controls we commonly reply to regular desktop endpoints or servers in our environment or oftentimes missing from medical device deployments. So this section here basically advocates putting those types of controls inside.  So, now device security controls. What are the security controls that should be configured on the devices themselves? And yes, once again, a lot of these things are very, very basic. Changing the default credentials on the device. It should be common sense to do, but if you look at a recent outbreak like MRI, it was a list of pretty much 61 passwords that were used to compromise hundreds of thousands of devices. So, in a lot of cases, just having basic mechanisms like this in place can be a huge improvement. So, you know, there are basic controls to prevent attacks similar to what we saw at MRI, like changing default credentials, account lockouts, things like that. But there's a lot of other things that hospitals don't think of to do. Like, let's say you have something like WannaCry, hit your environment. Do you actually have this for a copy of your firmware? How are you going to restore that device to a functional state if it's taken down? Much better to prepare for that kind of stuff ahead of time, be ready for it, then to go, uh-oh, I have no way to recover this device once an attack hits. You're having a backup of your configuration. Okay, maybe you applied the new firmware. You got it back in place, but that device probably had special settings to make it work in your environment. Do you have those backed up as well? Things like that that can help you recover from an attack. Uh, baseline configurations, make sure things are, um, deployed securely, having the ability to encrypt data, things like that, having update mechanisms in place, making sure that you do go around, have the latest firmware in each device, um, compliance monitoring to make sure the device stays secure, physical security, make sure the device can't be tampered with, and also things like asset management as well. You'll find in most hospitals, if biomedical devices were to come under attack, it probably wouldn't be IT or security that was notified right away. It probably be the group that handles the medical devices. And what they'd probably do to start is they'd probably swap the device out for a new one, wouldn't even think to troubleshoot it. So having proper asset management in place, if you were to come under attack would be good, because it would help you track what devices were compromised, what were not, and help you from putting an affected device back into production. Okay. Another thing you'll find in a lot of medical device deployments is they're either what they call interface or central stations that the device is connected to. So basically how I'm going to find that the central station is, let's say you have a series of heart monitors, there's going to be a computer that all that data is going to. Okay. So it's used to collect and analyze a lot of the data collected by these devices, and that may function as an interface, even if you have an isolated network for your medical devices, where that particular computer is then used to send data off to your medical record system or something else. So you might have proper network segmentation, everything else, but this particular interface device is going to be a potential weak point, because that's going to be what links the rest of your production network from your isolated medical device network. So you want to make sure that there's proper steps here as well in order to secure the devices. Things like standard OS hardening, making sure the data is encrypted as you transport it, basically have message security in place, and that once again you keep these devices and all of the software that runs on them is up to date as possible. Now this is an area I particularly like, is there's a lot of recommendations that we have so far, but I don't think you can consider anything secure until you actually go ahead and test it and prove it secure. Yes, you might have put a great firewall in, you might have put a bunch of rules in your firewall, but how do you know those rules actually do what you think they're doing, unless you actually go ahead and actually go ahead and test it. So I'm a big advocate of once you actually do these deployments, once you put the controls in place, that you actually go ahead and run a penetration test. See, does my security actually keep this device secure? I'm also big in having instant response plans done ahead of time, and I'm very, very big on doing mock incidents, to actually run through scenarios where you will actually simulate the device being under attack. How would you respond to it? You don't want a situation where the first time you're dealing with an incident is when the incident actually happens and people are lost in what to do because they've never run through the drill before. You can actually see a screenshot here. It wasn't done for medical devices, it was done for desktop PCs, but it's an incident that we actually did at Hospital I Work at. We actually did take over some desktops. I changed out Explorer EXE for another EXE that popped up this ransomware screen, and we actually saw how IT and the staff actually dealt with a simulated ransomware outbreak like that. So I'm very big on actually testing stuff ahead of time. Now some things about the standard is it is starting to gain some attention. So there is some growing adoption. It's been covered in magazines such as CSO Magazine, the IAPP Privacy Perspectives, help net security, health system CIO, a few other things. Also pretty interesting is it was recently translated into Turkish, because the Turkish Ministry of Health is actually considering adopting some of the recommendations as part of their own internal policies. So that's pretty interesting, and hopefully the adoption of something like this continues to develop and continues to grow, because I think it's a heavily unaddressed area of security right now. Just as a side note, if anybody's interested, it doesn't directly deal with the talk, but I'm also the author of the OASP Anti-Ransomware Guide, and that's another guide that has a set of 45 different controls in the categories there designed to protect the organization against ransomware using a defense in depth approach. At this point, I'll take any questions. Sure. Most of the framework I've laid out so far. Some devices, the patients take them home. They connect to implantable medical devices. In fact, some software may be like on iPhones. So you can't have this level of perimeter security with it. They may have to talk back to the medical provider. Could you give some advice on that? Thank you. Sure. That's definitely true. Most of the guide I did focus on was for hospital and healthcare institutions. So I was focusing more on, I guess, the institutions themselves, but implantable devices are definitely a risk. That's part of what we saw at the St. Jude pacemakers was it was their Merlin at home transmitter that was used to communicate with the device was found to be insecure. And yes, home users are not going to follow the same kind of security recommendations and things like that. I think that much more falls to the manufacturing standards the FDA is putting out to basically put security in place that way because you have much less control over what you can do with a person at home. I guess my standard was more focused on things hospital IT security staff can do to secure their deployments. But that's definitely a real valid concern. And I think that's better addressed though by the FDA guidelines rather than the budget I was working on. So jumping on the kind of the last question there, I know it's not exactly the topic of this conversation, but for blood glucose meters, insulin pumps, things that are embedded or worn on the actual patient, what is the FDA even trying to address these sorts of security concerns on those devices, things that are connecting to their iPhones and androids? They did release some guidance. It's non binding right now, but there is some FDA both pre and post market guidance that has recently been released. But like I said, it's currently non binding, so there's recommendation


QuickBooks Online 2023, sales receipt form and deposit. Get ready to start moving on up with QuickBooks Online 2023. Here we are in our Get Great Guitars practice file. We started up in a prior presentation with a 30-day free trial. We also have open the free QuickBooks Online sample company. If you want the to open at the same time, we suggest using the incognito window or another browser. Support a counting instruction by clicking the link below, giving you a free month membership to all of the content on our website, broken out by category, further broken out by course. Each course then organized in a logical, reasonable fashion, making it much more easy to find what you need than can be done on a YouTube page. We also include added resources such as Excel practice problems, PDF files, and more like QuickBooks backup files when applicable. So once again, click the link below for a free month membership to our website and all the content on it. You can open incognito by selecting the three dots if using Google Chrome in the browser. New incognito window then type into the search engine, QuickBooks Online Test Drive. We're going to be using the sample company to be looking at the accounting view, the view that Get Great Guitars is in versus the business view, the view the sample company is in. You can switch between the two views by selecting the cog up top and change the view down below. We're going to be opening a few tabs to put reports in, like we do every time, right-clicking the tab to duplicate it. Duplicating the last duplication by right-clicking to duplicate. And then back to the tab to the middle, we're going to open up the reports on the left. One of the favorites, that being the balance sheet, we're going to open that up. But what if you're in the business view? Where are the reports? If you're in the business view, the reports are in the business overview, and then the reports on the left. Back to the accounting view. Tab to the right, we're going to open up the reports again. This time the profit and loss, close up the hamburger, and then we want that changing of the range. 010123 tab, 022823 tab, changing the months, or the total only two months, and then run it to refresh it. There's Jan, there's Feb, there's the total here to date. Then we're going to go tab to the left, close up the boogie, and that range needs to change. Things need to change round here with that range. 022823, I'm not going to do the months thing, I'm just going to run it. Boom, there's the setup process that we do every time. We're now going to be entering a sales receipts, which are going to be the sales items that we make on like a cash-based system, and then we will make the deposit. So what do we expect to happen? Sales receipts, we expect to be increasing, not cash, because we're going to put it into that undeposited funds like account, or funds to be deposited, account, or payments to deposit. I think they're going to call it. And then the other side is going to go into the revenue account, and then when we deposit it, we're going to take it out of the clearing account and put it into the checking account. Let's go to the tab to the left to do this. Quick look at the flow chart. Just remember that if you're on the customer cycle, we expect money to be going into our checking account at the end of the cycle in some way, shape, or form. The easiest method or cycle we could have were in like gig work getting paid by like YouTube or something. And we just wait till it clears the bank, possibly recording with bank fees using just a deposit form. And that would be the easiest thing to do, although it's not really a full service accounting system, but it would be nice to do if we're in that type of industry. But a step away from that is what we're going to do now, the sales receipt form, meaning it's still on a cash-based system. We're not tracking accounts receivable, but we're doing a full service cash-based system because we have to typically because we're going to get receipts from a customer at like a cash register, for example. And then we want to be able to check the sales receipts for the day versus the cash that we have or the credit cards versus the grouping of the credit cards. And then we're going to physically make the deposit into the bank and we want our deposit in our books to match what we physically deposit into the bank. That's why it's a bit more of a challenge and you can't just rely on the bank feeds. And then the step away from that would be the accrual method, in which case we have to track the accounts receivable and enter an invoice, track the accounts receivable, receive the payment and then deposit. Remember that these two forms, the receive payment and the sales receipt, represent us receiving money and both of them, we can either put directly into the checking account. However, we might want to use that un-deposited funds like account payments to deposit as a clearing account to help us to then group the deposits in our system in the same format as will be put into the bank, either by us with physical checks or the cash that we physically put into the bank in a group or with the credit cards where the credit card company might group the deposits in a way to group multiple deposits together or multiple sales in one deposit that goes into our checking account. So let's go back on over. I'm going to say new on the left. We're going to go into the sales receipt. Sales receipt. We imagine whenever we're at the sales receipt, we're at like a check register in our shop in like our guitar shop. And then Garcia, we're going to say Garcia, we're going to have a new customer. Garcia Guitars. Guitars is going to be the new customer. Very creative name that I came up with with that one. I feel like our team came up with a really creative name on that one, Garcia Guitars, because it has two G's. So that's why it's cool. Anyways, we'll save that one. Obviously, we might want their email address and whatnot, but it's not as important because if we're making the sale in the shop, we might not even get their name because we're at the cash register. If it was a food truck or something, we probably wouldn't get their name. We would just have a generic customer called customers because no one wants to give us their name so that we can give them a peanut butter or whatever sandwich we're making. Whatever. You get what I'm saying. So then the date is going to be, let's make the date. Let's go with 0-2-20-2-3 for the date. And then this populates automatically, and then the location is necessary for the sales tax calculation, no tags, payment method. I'm just going to keep going with cash to imagine us grouping it. Remember that if we got an actual check, we would imagine that the check is something that would hit our bank account in the same amount as we would enter for the actual sale. In that case, we could use a deposit directly into the check-in account. But if you're doing, if you're working at a sales register, you're thinking, I might get paid by cash, check, or credit card, and so you probably want to keep your deposit system the same all the time, meaning I'm going to put everything into undeposited funds or payments to deposit the clearing account and not try to pick and choose when I want to put it into the check-in account or not, right? Because if I got cash, then for sure, or almost certainly, I don't want to put it directly into the check-in account because when I make the deposit physically into the bank, I'm going to group multiple sales together at one time, and that'll mess up my bank reconciliation. Same with the credit card here. If I get a credit card, a credit card company might group multiple sales together and deposit them into my check-in account in some grouped format, I want to match that on my end. So I'm just going to say cash for the example problem and we're not going to put it directly into the check-in account here. We're going to put it into the clearing account. Just remember also that if you did put it into the cash account, then you also have the added kind of little bit of a complication in that in your transaction detail, you'll have sales receipts that will increase your check-in account as opposed to just deposits and possibly transfers. Not a big deal if you want to do that, but you've got to kind of remember that it's another little sorting issue that I like to have all the increases be basically deposits in my check-in account that it's easy to know what the increases are. They're all deposit transactions, but whatever. So now we're going to go down here and we're going to add the stuff, the stuff that was purchased. So we're going to say it's an EPSP that were purchased. So we've got that one. And so I'm going to say we've got how many of those? Two of those I'm going to say gets us to the 1200. It is a taxable item. And then the next one, the next line is going to be an ELP an ELP which we set up in a prior presentation. This is an Epiphone Les Paul and we're going to say that let's say we sell two of those too. So that comes out to the sales of 2,200. And then the tax is being applied based on the location. Let me click down here for it to reformat and calculate based on location. But I'm going to change it to our generic problem of just the 5%. You could do that if you want to do the generic problem by changing the math here and just override it to 5%. Or I set up this another item of just 5%. So I can make it generic and not related to just California. The concept and follow along no matter where you are. So then we've got the 200310 and so that looks good. So what's this going to do? It's a sales receipt so it's going to increase some kind of cash account. It's going to go for us into the clearing account like undeposited funds, payments to deposit. That's for the full amount 200310. The other side is going to go into revenue 2,200. The difference, the sales tax is not going to be revenue because it's just a tax collector. They forced us to collect taxes for that one. They said, we want protection money and you've got to give us 5%. And we're like, okay. So then we've got to increase the payable account of a liability of 110. And then also we're going to have the inventory go down not by the amounts on here but by the cost which is because we have a perpetual inventory system that was set up by the items that we put in place. And the cost to goods sold is going to go up by that same amount. The expense account related to us consuming the inventory that net income impact is going to be income minus the cost of goods sold. And the sub ledger for inventory is also going to go down by unit not just by the cost. Okay, that's a lot of action. Let's save it and close it and check it out. And we're going to go to the tab to the right. Notice how easy it was to enter that into the system, just like scanning your stuff at a grocery store. If it was a self checkout, you could do it yourself, but there's so much stuff going on because we set up the accounting system so well that it just does it automatically. So then we're going to go down here and say that we've got payments to deposited went up just like we said it would, just like I said it would 200310 by the full amount here. That's by the full amount. Am I right? Am I right? Yeah. So then going back and then I'm going to go back and then the other sides on the profit and loss, the P to the L and it went into the product and service income boom. And then we've got the two line items so there they are but it went in by the sales amount not including the sales tax scrolling back up, back to the form the other sides on the balance sheet again it's in the sales tax we're paying to California department and so on. You know those people over there that make us paying protection money 5% for protection money I just got robbed just last week. Dang it these people and they're still charging me this protection money whatever anyways the other side is going to go into inventory by going to inventory it went down and so we've got these amounts here for the sales receipt that we made in the inventory multiple line items because it's using the first and first out inventory method I believe and then we're going to go back and then the cost of good sold tab to the right cost of the good sold also impacted let's just go into the total here cost of good sold there are those the net impact on net income is the change in the revenue change in the revenue and the change in the cost of good sold net impact on gross profit therefore is that as well as the net operating income okay so let's also go back to the balance sheet and look at the inventory just to see that there's a sub ledger tracking by units not just by dollars tab to the right right click let's duplicate it and check that out and so I'm going to make another tab to do that and then go to the reports on the left hand side I'll close up the boogie and type in inventory just to look at the inventory valuation summary as of 022823 run it to refresh it so now we've got the units of inventory the asset value it comes out to seven thousand nine thirty eight does that tie out to what's on the BS balance sheet seven thousand nine thirty eight it does your dang right it does I don't know why I got upset all of a sudden anyway I'm going to go to the tab to the left and then let's make another let's make another one a sales receipt again so now we're at the cash register again someone else this is going to be Anderson Mr. Anderson that's a customer we've dealt with before Mr. Anderson guitars setting that up boom let's say this happened on 220 the same day no tags or anything down here payment method we're going to just stick with the cash thing it's going to go into the payments to deposit the clearing account and we're going to say that Mr. Anderson this time what do you want this time Mr. Anderson they're going to say they want some ukuleles diamond head ukuleles they want two of those for whatever reason and those are taxable and then I'm going to tab on through then they also want the EPR which is a epiphone Riviera so we've got that one and so that one we're going to say that we want how many of those three of those and then we want also a GI USA which is a Gibson USA and we want we want one of those okay so there it is and so I think that's right so that comes out to the 2,940 94 and then we got the sales tax based on location but I'm going to change it to the generic 5% which you can do here changing the math to overwrite it or I'm going to choose my 5% thing that I put down here there it is same thing what's it going to do real quick it's going to increase the cash account because it's a sales receipt but it's going into the funds for the total amount of 2,198 70 the other side is going to go into revenue of the 2,094 then we got the sales tax it's going to go up which is a pay about of one of pay about payable 10470 and then inventory is going to go down not by these amounts but driven by the item because the system know how much it should go down by and then cost of goods sold is going to go up which is an expensive account by the same amount and then revenue minus the cost of goods sold will be the impact on net income and the inventory accounts are going to go down not only by dollar amount but also by unit for the inventories that we sold let's check it out save it close it go to the tab to the right and see if that does do that so then we're going to go down here we've got the payments to deposit boom chakalaka I'm going to stop saying that boom chakalaka and then I'm going to go back up and say tab to the right run it to refresh it and then we've got the sales sales happened sales have happened mistakes were made you made the mistakes mistakes were made we're going to go back to the tab to the to the left and then we've got the sales tax there's the sales tax that looks like it's supposed to look which is good actually it's a sales tax doesn't look sales tax is kind of ugly but that's how it's supposed to work and then cost a good sold cost a good sold there's that and then the other sides on the P to the L to the income statement it's in here on the cost a good sold the net impact on the net income is the increase in the revenue minus the cost a good sold for those two items we also know that the inventory account should still tie out so inventory to the sub ledger tracking units as well as the inventory let's crash it so now we're to 6266 that should tie out to what's on the balance sheet and the payments to deposit this 5408 70 when we make a deposit I should be able to pull those two in and group them together those two sales receipts so that I can move it out of the undeposited funds into the checking account in one group movement so that it's in the checking account in the same format as I expected to be seen on the bank statement or through the bank feeds making the reconciliation easy so let's do that now let's go to the first tab now we're just it's the end of the day we're taking our money that we got from the cash register everything checks out from the cash register to our sales and we're going to go ahead and movie on shuffle on over to the bank make the physical deposit into the bank which is going to be a combination of the sales we made for the day from the cash register that are the cash sales and so if I go into here then I'm going to deposit these together at this point in time and so notice it gives us this nice little thing up top if I was making some other kind of deposit I would go down here and deposit to a particular account but the sales receipts are populating up top if I put them in the bank at the same time I'm going to make one deposit for 4500870 I know that's a lot for cash but the credit cards would work would work kind of the same and so I'm just getting the idea here of what you need to do to get the reconciliations to work so let's go ahead and save and close that this is going to increase the checking account for the dates correct and the other side is going to take the money out of that undeposited funds like account which is the the payments to be deposited is what they call it so let's go to run and in the checking account now if we check out the bank we should then have the deposit there's the one deposit showing as a lump sum which is what we want to see because that's what's going to be on the bank statement notice it's also increasing with a deposit form not with like a sales receipt form if I entered the sales receipt directly into the checking account it would have another form in here for an increase rather than just all deposits being the increase form not a big deal if you want to use that method you got to be kind of aware of that if you're going to sort your data to look for increases in the checking account when the increases are not all simply deposits and then the payments to deposit has gone back down to zero that's what a clearing account does not a temporary account mind you temporary accounts like income statement accounts income and expense go back to zero after you close out but that happens on a cyclical method like yearly or monthly this is going up or down based on when whatever we used it for is done which is usually a shorter range of time it increases when we make the sale and goes back to zero when we make the deposits so that is that one so let's just go to our trial balance to see where we stand at this point I'm going to go to the tab to the right right click on actually just let's just use this one this one will work I'm going to open the hamburger go into the reports on the left hand side and type in trial balance trial balance that's what I want to see close up the hand buggy change the range we're going to go from oh one oh one two three to oh two twenty eight two three and change the total to months so we can see the side by side for Jan and Feb so this is what we have here and we're of course are on the Feb numbers as of this point in time so if your numbers tie out and you're working along with us great if not try expanding the range it's often a date issue if there's a problem we will be running transaction detail reports at the end of the month data input to further drill down on any differences at that time