Our last panelist is the distinguished founder of the Gulf Research Center, Saudi Abul Aziz Alfman Sagar, who has also been a great interlocutor about the Arab world, the Saudi world. And I'm curious what you'd have to say to us since you're from the region, but I'm also very curious if you could talk a bit about relations with the United States and how they've turned. Thank you, sir. Thank you very much. First, let me extend my deepest appreciation to my good friend, Terry, and to the World Policy Conference for all the effort they put and for the host country. I mean, this is great to see a lot of good friends and old faces together here. We understand what does it take to bring all this effort together because we are in the same area. Okay, let me start by saying what are the key concerns, you know, and the keepers, in my opinion, that it is important. First, the US relation to the region, and we see a softness approach, a confusing approach from the US. We don't know what they are up to. We have a different signal, confusing signal. On one hand, they said we are reallocating with our forces. On the other hand, we are reducing our forces in the region. On the other hand, you can hear a statement by saying we remain committed to the security of the region, but what is reality we don't know. So there is a lot of confusing signal, unpredictable coming out of Washington there that really has an impact on the geopolitics of the region. Traditionally, we understood their commitment, and traditionally we understood where does the US and the rest of the West country stand when it comes to the regional security now? It's a bit confusing, honestly. And that confusion forces the region to take different action, different play toward the other. Second, because of the confusion of the US policy, when President Obama said in Syria, it's a red line, we will not allow, all of a sudden we have the Russian re-existent in the region. And the Russian re-existent in the region was due to the American unclarity of policy. They allowed that sort of intervention to happen. Where do we stand on the Ukrainian cases? I will come into that, but I think I will pass this one because I want to focus it in the key element. The third, of course, is the Iranian expansionist. And today we are still suffering from this real serious threat from Iran. We still have the maritime security issue. We still have the energy security issue threatened from Iran, interventionist policy expansionist using sectarianism as a dimension, supporting militia. All of those issues remain as a key issue for us in the region. So where does the Iranian threat goes from here? That's also have a very critical impact in our geopolitical issue. The Ibrahim Accor, some Arab country including United Arab Emirates and Bahrain based in their own national interest, they felt going and signing into the Ibrahim Accor and normalizing relation will bring a better peace to the region. Some countries in the region thought they need peace first before normalization. Some countries they are negotiating quite secretly. So that is a sovereign state decision, but at the same time this is a new element in the geopolitical side of the region. So the other thing we have are conflicting issues and we have a hot spot in the region, including war in Yemen, Syria, Libya, also the Israeli-Iranian vessels attack in each other and so, but at the same time that did not change the geopolitics of the region. When people talked about the Syrian crisis, they thought Jordan will be taking over next day, you know, but Jordan remains still there, Syria is still there, Turkish intervention on the north part of Syria is still there, we have the Iranian intervention in Kurdistan is still there, but that did not really change the whole geopolitical structure there. So, but that's also an important element in the geopolitics to look at all this conflict, all this, you know, issues that is taking place. What is interesting also to see that the region start making their own sovereign decision without really waiting for the instruction coming from the big country, from the superpower, and I think that's a very clear signal, you can see it in UAE in Saudi Arabia, you can see it in Egypt, in Algeria and many countries in the Arab world start saying, look at, we need to protect our interests, we need to fight based on our interests and we need to look at that one. So, this is also an important dimension. Is that going to, since we are witnessing now a new Cold War era, is that independent decision and sovereign decision and so going to be challenged by extreme two power? In other words, our economy, 67% of our export goes to Asia, China is the largest importer from us. So, and China, the president visited recently to the region, he's making a statement saying we are the second largest economy, we would like to legitimize our economic relation by a political visit and by a political umbrella. And the U.S. is concerned, if you read today the Washington Post, there is a concern in the U.S. about the China-Gulf relation. I think it's legitimate concern, but at the same time, still it is an economic relation, it have not yet developed to a political, strong political ties or a strategic ties, China will not replace the U.S. in the region and China cannot provide the security that the region want or looking for at that area. So, but that also, because of the Cold War era syndrome or feeling that we have, that will put a pressure in the region. Where do you go, east or west? Whom should you listen to? You know, each one can exercise different pressure. They are a buyer of 3.6 million barrel a day from the region. So, they are, Saudi Arabia, almost 20 percent of their export goes to China. Also, the crisis on Ukraine, we were forced by the U.S. to take decision. I think there was misinterpretation of our balance. And I like yesterday when Dr. Elmer Gergash used the word, not neutral, but balance. And balance today is really having a balance in a position on the Ukrainian crisis. India, they have a position, a balanced position. We, we in the Arab world have a balanced position. We, first, we are not compromising the unity of Ukraine. And that has been stated by all the foreign minister. We're not accepting any intervention by using a military means. We're not accepting, you know, a territorial intervention or so. But at the same time, we have a similar case in Yemen where we understand the Russian concern. And the Russian concern comes from three things. They want a friendly government to deal with. They want to have a safe border that would not represent a threat to them. And they don't want to have a foreign military presence that can represent a threat. In Yemen, we have a similar case. We want to have a friendly government that we deal with. And we want, we don't want to have a foreign military presence from Iran in our border that threat us and represent the threat to us. And also we want to have a safe border, you know, that, you know, also we share with them a huge one. If I look at, yeah, I mean, just the last comment, if I look at the 2023, I think there will be a similar issue still of, you know, of concern to us. Number one, can we still keep our sovereign independency decision from the superpower? Can we really still state our position based on our interests? Or that will be challenged. That will be a key issue also in the 2023. Can we continue in that? Iran and what will happen to JCPOA? We have a different scenario today. No agreement, status quo, modified agreement with minor changes, modified agreement with the major changes. All new agreement can be reestablished in that one. We don't know. So that remains a big challenge. And how Iran is going to act in terms of representing a threat, are they going to retaliate in the region and how that is going to be? But I could ask you many, many questions, but let me just limit myself right now to do you think the disorder in Iran makes it more dangerous for the region or does it work to keep them concentrated at home? I personally belong to hub school in IR. So I believe in a central government role will be far better than having a fragmented government because we saw that in Lebanon and the outcome. But also if I go back to my 2023, I think oil prices will be very important. What will happen to the oil prices? You see, because again, the region have a lot of important project and a lot of expansion and development in the Tenmia, what we call development. How is that going to be? And that will play also a price. Yemen, we're almost entering the ninth year and what will happen? I think we are happy to have a settlement in Yemen, but based on two things. No intervention is from Iran in that one based on the decision of the Yemeni people and the agreement that can take place. I think all of that really still represent the sort of challenge to us in the region, but again, I'll go back and start from where I start. The US relation is a key issue in this one here. We're not saying we need to replace it. We're not saying we have a ready alternative for that and we are not saying we don't want it. In fact, it's a very important, very crucial. We have enjoyed almost essentially of a good relation here in the region. What we want to have a more sensible approach in Washington when looking at the region here and respecting the issues. Yes, great, because I mean we've had different words for Washington which we need a more educated policy. We need a wiser policy. We need more attention, but clearly the region is sending messages to Washington also. As Saudi Arabia is, the visit of Jean Zemin is a message. I mean, it's a very clear message to a very sensitive point now in Americans view of the world.


This paper reviews existing measures of research collaboration quality and outcomes focusing on those that are applicable to clinical care, education and program delivery. The authors found that most measures of collaboration quality have reliability and some form of statistical validity, but few measures have been tested in multiple settings. Additionally, many measures focus on group dynamics rather than individual contributions. Finally, most measures do not define how counts were delimited, obtained or assessed for reliability. The authors suggest that future measures should be developed and tested in multiple settings, should include individual contributions, and should define how counts were delimited, obtained and assessed for reliability. This article was authored by Beth Betigs, Dorian Miller, Catherine M. Dudding and others.


Welcome everybody, my name is Fausto Puglisi from Cybertrain Diversity, I'd like to thank you for listening in. Everyone's probably going with the frenzy. What is going on with GameStop? You probably did your homework. It's a short squeeze. And if you haven't watched any of my videos, you'll see I've been talking about short squeezes forever. Now, unfortunately, catastrophes make opportunities. GameStop, you just heard that Elon Musk went out there. Even he got attention and tweeted it. It's on Bloomberg. It's on everywhere. Is the rally over? Is this going to be done? Well, let me tell you something. This is extremely dangerous, but guess what? There's a lot more that are out there. There's companies like AMC. There's companies like Bed Bath and Beyond, Workhorse. They're all short squeezes. It seems like now a lot of us have missed the opportunity, maybe think about the pandemic. You saw the market drop down to 18,000. Now we're back down to 31,000, like, oh, I wish I got into it. Is it too late to get in? Well, guess what? That's what trading is all about. We love trading. Trading's the game. And it seems like there is this big niche out there that some people didn't realize it. There are ways of actually, unfortunately, could manipulate a stock with social media because a lot of people could say, hey, guess what? Let's all buy this. And if a company has only X amount of shares and everybody buys it, there's only one way it goes up. So what I'm going to talk about is something that a lot of you probably never heard of. I'm going to talk about level three and level four. Now, for some of you who don't know who I am, go look at my buy-in videos for 25 years and one of the original day traders that started doing this.  And we're going to talk about GameStop and we're going to talk about some other big short squeezes because I think this is the next biggest thing that's going to happen. And there are so many moving as we speak right now. So right now I'm just showing you what's going on at GameStop. You see what's happening right here. Everything happened right around the day, right around 11 o'clock when the stock was trading around $80, $90. Now, we've been watching GameStop all the way back and sit till, I think it was, if you go back to my YouTube channel, we were watching GameStop right around Friday. We saw this unusual activity. Now if you look at the news, it sounded like pretty good news, which you have. You had basically Chewy, the stock Chewy went out there and bought a pretty decent interest in it. They just stepped in and there was another analyst that came out there and said the stock was only worth 20. And then somehow you have this big, big influx of Reddit chat room out there and they started saying, you know what, they basically went out there, pumped the stock, talked about it and then boom, look what's happening right now.  So right now we're at military time. So we're talking about right now we are at, it is now almost 7 o'clock right now and the market is still moving. This stock at 4 o'clock started at $1.50, it ran to $2.50, did not want to stop. Now some of you are like, say, is it too late to get in? Let me give you some advice. Do not trade the stock. Unless you're an advanced trader, you've been doing this for several years, do not trade it. I am warning you right now. This stock will get crushed. This stock is not a $5 billion company. This stock is a short squeeze. Watch my video, I've done so many videos on short squeezes, talking about it. Now it's a terrible thing what it is, I'm not here to educate you about what a short squeeze is, watch all the videos that I've done but I'm just telling you, the short squeezes, I've been dealing with short squeezes since the day I started in trading and let me tell you something, it is very dangerous. I'll even bring another one for some of you who don't know about it, Kodak. Look what's happening in Kodak right now, right after hours. Remember Kodak? Let me bring up this chart a little bit bigger for you. Remember Kodak right here when President Trump somehow said he gave them the contract of something with coronavirus?  I didn't even know Kodak is in that business. Stock literally ran, okay, look at the number, $2 ran all the way to about $60 in less than three days, okay? And look where it is today. It dropped not even two days later, a couple of days later, all the way back down to six. That is a short squeeze, okay? So now what's happening with it, it's moving again. Now you all look at some of the short squeezes, AMC, look at this one. AMC, same thing, same thing what's going on. 4 o'clock the stock has been, first of all, who's going to the movies? Who's going to the movies? Nobody. Stock right here, if you look here on the long-term chart, stock was $2 got destroyed. How does the stock go from $2 to $7? Oh, very simple, short squeeze, okay? Want to see another one? Bed, Bath and Beyond, here's another one. Who's going to Bed, Bath and Beyond? It's stock goes from $15 in a couple of days in one day, one day, okay? One lousy day stock goes from, what is it, $30 to $47? Oh, because they're selling so many KitchenAid appliances. These are what cold short squeezes, and now this is the new thing that's going to be driving. Now every single morning, we have a list that I find what's going on in the pre-market. How do I know this? I'm going to tell you right now. If any of you guys ever heard of level three and level four, probably not. You ever heard of ECNs? You ever heard of algorithms? You ever heard of high-frequency trades? You ever heard of dark pools? Okay, well, I'm going to show you one right now, okay? What we're looking at right here is what's called the Nasdaq Book Viewer, okay? This is the actual ECN. This is the tell-tale window of where the orders are. Remember one thing, how does stock squalping go down?  It's buyers and sellers. It's black and white, okay? It's not purple. It's not green. It's buyers and sellers. I live here in New York. I was trained by the best traders in the world, okay? And like I said, I'm one of the original souls bandits of the industry. When I started, it was about 1,000 of us, now it's over several hundred thousand of them. And I've been doing it ever since. Now, I helped develop this platform on Book Viewer. If you can actually go to our website, you can even watch the video. I was joking. I've been a regular guest on Nasdaq talking about it, because Nasdaq wants you to know how to use that platform. Some of you are sitting there trying to figure out, I can't do this on Robinhood. I can't do this. How are you trading after hours? The reason why is because you don't have a direct access system, okay? You don't have the right brokerage account. So, looking at what's happening right here, just give you a quick little breakdown of what we're looking at. We're looking at buyers on the left, sellers on the right.   Remember, 100 share guys, 200 share guys don't really affect me, okay? But when you see 3,000, 50,000, 200,000, guess what? That's what we're looking for. Now, what's happening here and getting back, please don't misconstrude me getting full of what's going on with GameStop. What's happening here with a short squeeze is that there are people that are selling the stock, anticipating it's going down. If you know what options, it's basically like an option, okay? I guess that's where options actually came from, from shorting. So, you have people that are selling the stock, anticipating to buy it cheaper, but it's not going up. So, what happens, they're covering the short and they're buying it back and then doubling down. So, they're almost like averaging down, but they're averaging up, trying to sell more. It's not going down. They're buying it back and then they're selling four times more. Buying it back, it's not going down. They're buying 10 times more. They're getting crushed, crushed, okay? Imagine you own something and you dished out $10,000 and now you've got to dish out $10 million, you know? Because you still think it's going down. That's what's happening with a short squeeze. But it's just a matter of time when it will crash. Who knows? It's going to be sooner than later. But you don't want to be caught onto it. But how do we know if the buyers and sellers are still out there? We use NASDAQ TotalView. Now, there is something else that you probably don't know about here in the day trading community. It's called level four. Okay, let me bring it up over here and show you what we've got going on. What you're looking at right here, fellow traders, is something that is more advanced than level three.  This is where these people have orders out there around the world that are trading GameStop. Now, unfortunately right now, because we're so late into the market close, you could see these, basically look at a heat map and we're looking at these big orders that there's a guy right now sitting to sell 5,800 shares at $2.45. And you've got a couple of buyers here, 1,200. Nothing substantial.  When you look at AMC, look at the red bars. Look at these guys getting done. Look at the green bowls. These guys are getting crushed, okay? Let me show you right here on AMC. Look at AMC. Look at that resistance levels. Resistance levels are made from sellers, okay? That's where resistance from going higher, not some Fibonacci. But, unfortunately, for some of you don't know that, guess what? Those sellers are getting done. And look what's happening. What happens when somebody sells it and somebody buys it from him? The stock goes higher. And look what's happening here. So when you're looking at GameStop, I'm just trying to give you a little education. Don't fall for the like, oh, we think GameStop's going to 2,000? What do you think this is? You think it's a Bitcoin or something like that? It's gonna crash, okay? It's not worth the value. Don't get caught on a short squeeze. But there are other short squeeze that are cheaper, less expensive that you could do it that they're out there. So what I'm saying is this. If you wanna learn more about level three, level four, you wanna know how to find these short squeezes, because I think this is the next financial crisis. Bitcoin, COVID is what's happening right now. The power of the internet. When people go out there and a frenzy starts in, everybody jumps in, it's gonna happen.    But you'll see it here live and I'll show you what's gonna happen. And not only that, but you'll see all traders out there in our group, in our professional trading room and see what we're doing and where we're gonna take it from there. So we'll see you then. Thanks for listening, everybody. And don't forget, please like us, friend us and follow us, all right? Good luck, everyone. Happy trading.


Hi, I'm Larry. This is Beth, and this is Tucker We're in Marshalltown, Iowa USA, and we watch Trucker Josh Vlogs on YouTube Somewhere in there is a weasel. Weasel? Oh, there he is! Morning diesel. Good morning everybody. I am feeling great today. I had a great sleep I'm excited to be going home And I'm excited to actually have gotten a decent night's sleep. We've been here a while now. It's 8 30 in the morning We got here yesterday. What time we get to like five in the afternoon or something? I slept most of the entire time Feels so good. So here's our load We got this steel. Oh diesel. Hey, you shouldn't go under there. Don't go between the wheels of trucks. That's not safe I'll do that. Got this steel It's actually pretty easy load to tie down. It was all pretty level and I'm taking that back home And off we go One full day and a little short day, and we're home, and then we got a lot of work to do at home But we're gonna have a lot of fun, too. Get back on the road. So this truck stops actually pretty nice That's the Edgerton truck stop in Wisconsin. It is right along the interstate They had decent showers Lots to this morning, Wisconsin. I was gonna pull into the blue beacon there and Give her a bath, but I checked the weather up ahead Just to make sure that I wasn't, you know, washing it in vain For no reason. Apparently, as you can see up ahead of us here, I couldn't see it at the time But I asked Google what the weather's like in Minneapolis up ahead And apparently they're having a thunderstorm right now, and it's gonna be pouring rain all day So that would have been pointless to wash it, but I do want to get the truck wash before I get home So I asked Google What's the weather like in Fargo, North Dakota? And there is clear skies and no rain expected for the next week So apparently we're gonna get through this thunderstorm before we get there and they have a blue beacon in Fargo, North Dakota I'm gonna stop there tonight and wash the truck there. That way I can show up at home with a nice clean truck And not waste my money There's a little tip for you from Trucker Tosh. You don't want to waste your money Check what the weather's like ahead before spending However much into washing your truck. For me what I do in a typical wash, babe, or a wash I'll go for just a regular truck wash and engine wash and undercarriage Which usually brings me to about 65 to 70 dollars US, which is close to $90 Canadian could go up to a hundred dollars Canadian Just for one wash, so you don't want to throw that money out the window and just you know throw it into the rain Fargo, North Dakota, their blue beacons a little more expensive. I think it's 75 dollars US there for my typical wash, which is Whatever you want to charge more. I thought they were all the same, but no It's actually different locations charge different prices. Maybe it's different taxes in different states I don't know what the reasoning is, but It is what it is. So we'll pay a little bit extra, but at least It won't be just throwing throwing the money out to the storm, you know But we're here in Wisconsin right now. We're getting close to Black River Falls We'll get very close to the Canadian border tonight, and we'll get home tomorrow You see good thing I didn't wash the truck I'm getting a nice natural pre-wash here And we'll go use the soap and stuff over in Fargo later today Perfect. I would have been so upset if I wasted all that money and then drove into this Haha, I don't always remember to check the weather ahead, but glad I did today It's supposed to be like this all the way through Minneapolis And somewhere between Minneapolis and Fargo Headed west.  I don't trust them But I also don't trust people in this lane to have their headlights on And if I turn over and they don't have their headlights on I can't see them. I'll run them right off the road There might be somebody there right beside me. I have no idea I just sort of got to trust that people turn their headlights on when it's raining Because in the US for some reason They don't have automatic driving headlights Like in Canada, as soon as you put your vehicle in gear your headlights come on, right? That's a lot. They're called daytime running lights You always have to have lights that come on as soon as your vehicle's in gear But in the US you can drive with all of your lights off Like no lights at all You can put it in gear and your headlights won't come on unless you turn them on Or if you have automatic lights or something, but that's so weird So in the States I never, you know, you never know if people remember to turn their lights on or not So here's your reminder when it's raining, turn your headlights on Actually turn all your lights on so that your taillights are on as well Because in Canada, even though you put it in gear and your running lights turn on That doesn't turn on your taillights And if you don't have your taillights on and weather like this It's hard for me to see you in front of me as well I don't want to run into you So just turn all your lights on You should always have them on anyway as soon as your vehicle's on If your vehicle's equipped with automatic lights Just turn to the automatic lights I don't know why people don't do that Just trying not to kill anybody out here Got us some military here again Moving from one base to the next I guess They always run a little under the posted speed limit But always in a straight single file line I wonder what's in here, look at this Those trucks are just huge That is awesome You'd think they'd have American flags flying all over it, you know But huge machinery Military convoys like this are not uncommon to see in the US For those of you who have never been here You might, I don't know, in Canada we don't see these very often I don't know how it is in Europe or Australia Probably not as common But, you know, they travel down the road They aren't armed Well, they're armed in their vehicles obviously Practically everyone on this road is armed But the military, they don't travel along with like live ammunition In their big tanks and guns anyway As far as I know But who knows if they did I wouldn't care They're the good guys Just giving her I think this is the lead vehicle here I was thinking of joining the military in Canada I even looked into joining the US military I found there would be more opportunities with the US military But it's not easy for a Canadian just to go down and join an American military A lot of paperwork A lot of paperwork involved A lot of money But in Canada I was thinking of joining I wanted to be, to put it simply Like a tank driver It's called a coyote It's like a light artillery vehicle L.A.V To be a driver of one of those I thought it would be kind of fun At the time I was 18 We were at war in Afghanistan And the war in Iraq Was just raging on Some beautiful skies here in North Dakota Just arrived in Fargo Just left Minnesota We're going to first go a little south Go to Flying J, fuel up our tanks Then we're going to go a little west To the Blue Beacon At the Petro Or the T.A. Whatever I think at the Petro Get a truck wash And then we're going to head home See how close we can get to home tonight yet Probably go to Badham I guess either Grand Forks Or just North Between Grand Forks and the border We'll do the rest tomorrow Now let's see What fuel prices are here I haven't checked yet It's just one mile south Of the intersection of the I-29 And I-94 Off the I-94 Onto the I-29 south now Flying J's just up on our right I can't see the sign yet They usually have decent fuel prices here Compared to other parts of the states Compared to California We'll say they got really good gas prices here So the last time I fueled was in Alexandria A few days ago So we went from Alexandria, Minnesota All the way down to Evansville, Wisconsin And then all the way back up here to Fargo A little over Between a thousand and fifteen hundred miles I'll have to look at exactly how much But definitely over a thousand miles I can usually go about fifteen hundred miles Between Phillips If I'm doing good on fuel It all depends on how my fuel economy is What freight I'm pulling How the wind is You know But I usually fuel up about every thousand miles Two dollars and seventy nine nine I gotta see what you're doing there It's two dollars and eighty cents per gallon For diesel Two dollars fifty four cents For gas Probably around what? Sixty five cents per liter Canadian That's five seventy cents Something like that Somewhere around there Spent many nights here before Not tonight though I'm looking forward to getting a truck wash I always love getting a truck wash It's like getting a bath Sort of getting a massage I don't know, I like it So we're just telling the E-Log right now That we've uh Stopped here to fuel Oh, it's nice to have a little bit of a break Shut her down I wonder what the temperature is outside right now Okay Google What's the temperature outside? The current temperature in Saban is twenty four Twenty four degrees Celsius That's a much better temperature than yesterday Yesterday was thirty four down in Wisconsin I got a hair in my eye That's annoying Not fun Hopefully it'll come out Sometimes I get one stuck in my eye And I can't get it out And I just have to go to sleep And somehow during the night my body just Cleans out my eye Feels like we got it out now though Alright, let's go fuel up Counting in US gallons It's gonna be quite a bit We were quite empty You can fuel both sides at once Here in the US Goes a lot faster One hundred and sixty five US gallons Alright, so I did the conversions here That is six hundred and twenty four and a half liters The price is ninety seven cents Canadian per liter And the total cost in Canadian is six hundred and five dollars And eighty six cents Canadian So that was one thousand six hundred and ten kilometers But I did idle last night Because it was so hot So wasted a bunch of fuel there But at least I got a good night's rest Right, the best I've had all week It was great My dog didn't get heat stroke Speaking of, you need some water there buddy Don't you? Quickly throw that in your bowl before we leave So it's exactly one thousand six hundred ten kilometers Pretty much exactly one thousand miles Between fill ups there That's how far I can go on That amount of money and that amount of fuel Usually give or take Let's go get our truck washed Streakin' beakin' I kinda wish the blue beacon was at this truck stop This truck stop is right on I-29 And I stop here a lot more often I don't go to that Petro there as often Except to get a truck wash That is what it is Look at these machines Woo That's what I thought It's only half a machine All the other halves on the other truck Wow That would be fun I'm not gonna lie That would be fun Alright, well I guess there's no point In washing the windshields and getting Truck wash Petro's just off the road Petro's just off the road right here Hopefully there's not a big line up at the truck wash There usually is But if we got lucky tonight It's all the way at the back Got two bays Looks like there might not be that big of a line up No way The entrance and you go right here This blue beacon enter Sometimes it's confusing to find The blue beacon entrance at a truck stop Let's see Over here There's nobody here There's nobody in line Yeah, right Yeah, right Wow Let's see All the way around the back Let's see if there's anybody there I think I'm just gonna be able to drive right in Holy smokes I'm excited One guy in line But there's one bay that doesn't have any line That is amazing Do you guys ever get this kind of luck? This bay here is closed But there's only one truck in line Just one And I think he's gonna be rolling in right away Wow Diesel It's our lucky day Could go buy a lottery ticket Too bad I can't play the ones in the States Look at this vacuum cleaner out here Apparently you gotta pay for a dollar I guess that's why you wait I got a vacuum that I paid for in the truck already Thank you very much Just about done here We're just getting rinsed off Then we'll be on our way I'm not sure where I'm gonna stop tonight So I'm gonna have to run in and grab Something to eat for when I stop And for first thing in the morning Just make sure I got food There's no food in the truck And I don't really wanna stock up Because I'm going home for a while I'll stock up before I leave on my next trip All good All right, here we go Very nice Very nice A clean truck again I don't really wanna go too far either Because The bugs are gonna be coming out now in the evening And they're gonna Dirty up the whole front of my truck What can you do though? I'll have to get further than far ago I don't wanna just stop here I just had a coffee So I'm just wired I'm not gonna be able to sleep if I stop here A few bugs never hurt anybody, I guess Hey, it's Dustin from Dallas, Texas Delivering a bunch of airplane tires If you're watching TJV on YouTube Like and subscribe Have a wonderful day


Welcome once again to the Breakfast on Plus TV Africa. Our first major conversation for today goes to a review of the presidential candidates gearing up for the 2023 elections. About 48 hours ago, Bola Ahmed Timibu, former governor of Lagos State, of course shared that he had spoken with President Wama Dubwari and shared his intentions to run for the seat of president. Just yesterday, governor of Eboni State, David Umahi, made a similar statement. We're going to be having a conversation across those perspectives and of course even more. This morning we're speaking with Ibrahim Oshinoa, who's a former member APC presidential campaign. Good morning, Mr. Oshinoa. Thanks for joining us. Good morning, my dear brother. Good morning, the House. Good morning to you. Thanks for joining us. We also have Gideh Johnson, who's a chief lecturer at the Andrian Institute of Journalism. Thank you for joining us. Gideh Johnson. Good morning. Good morning to all of you. Good to have you. Good morning. Mr. Oshinoa. Good morning. Thank you. It's a pleasure to be with you. All right. I'm going to start with, before we get into the concrete discussions, let's get this question across board for both of you. When Bola Ahmed Timibu, of course, and one of the statements that he made, as I quoted as saying, saying that he wants to continue from where President Buhari has left off. He wants to continue with the president's legacy. What exactly does he mean? I'll start with Mr. Oshinoa, if you can respond to that before Gideh Johnson goes on. So what exactly does he mean by that? Okay. Good morning. Mr. Oshinoa, I would congratulate the leaders for hope and to declare this intention to lead that trip. I try to make this a lot by himself to serve this country at this very push time. That's by the fact that President Buhari has done a lot in terms of development, in terms of strategy, in terms of security, and many more. And what he actually meant by that is he will be showcasing in the forthcoming declaration. He will declare to the endurance at the appropriate time, in the very near future, he's going to address setting the agenda, declare his intention to the endurance, apart from the president who is the president commander in chief of our country, and a party leader, he will still address the endurance, because the ball stops at the doorsteps of ordinary endurance who are listening to us. So the declaration, what you're going to do by that, I will keep you to guess that or your public suspense so that when we let the cathartic be able to see our actual performance by that, but generally speaking, I can tell you for free that it's a good day for me. It really meant so well in terms of increasing the presentical potential of the country, increasing the global economic crisis, increasing the present solution to the global economic crisis that many of us are trying to solve, including extending what he has done in Lagos State to the national government, there are a lot of things that he meant about that. He's going to come on, he's going to announce when he's going to be there, and you journalists and every other stakeholder in this country will definitely invite, I will invite you personally and my dear brother, the other speaker, the lecture inviting you to declare, and questions can be posted on national issues and domestic issues, its agenda, its love for this country. We can take that word from Meshawar, he loves this country, he has built so many people, including the ambassadors, president, vice president, as well as other people that are in their sources. A lot is coming, but he's going to showcase me. Let's have GD Johnson also respond to the same question, you know, when Ashouadjou says he wants to continue with President Gohari's legacy and continue for where he stopped and some of all of that, before of course also mentioning that it has been his lifelong ambition to be president of Nigeria. GD Johnson, you know, what do you think that that means? I've seen people say that, that sounds like a threat. Well, as far as I'm concerned, everyone is free to aspire to any post that's the fundamental right that God has given to you, and the concern has provided for us long since we don't have any criminal code against you. We need to aspire to be the highest of these. I believe every Nigerian should aspire to become president of Nigeria, so that's his aspiration, that's his desire. However, I'm looking at what he said concerning that he's going to make a declaration to Nigeria. He has already declared, they use the platform of the state house to make that declaration. What, what are the declarations that we're waiting for? He has gone to see the, the, I don't remember that, it's the president that will have, that will determine who will become the president, and the governor of, like you said earlier, the governor of a point, state point yesterday, went on money to see the president, and if he's democratic, governance that will practice, I think that they should make their, their aspirations and their visions for Nigeria as far as I'm concerned, the president only has one. It is Nigerian without the term who will become the president, and the president belongs to, to the political party to belong to. However, it's Nigerian outside, whether they are ready to go along with that party, or they are not ready to go along with that party. With respect to him continuing the legacy of President Mohamed Bari. Yeah, which would be very interesting. Mr. Boshino has said, or not Boshino has said that he's going to invite us, and so that we can ask questions that I want to ask, because I want to know the legacy that he wants to continue about. Is it insecurity that we are being nurtured? Is it the economic crisis that we are being nurtured? Is it the various form of taxation that has been, and levels that have been imposed, that has imposed every putting on Nigerians in the last six years? If he wants to continue with that, and Nigerians in their own wisdom think that they want to continue with that, well, it's, it's left on Nigerians to continue with that, but on the last, he went right to tell us it's life, lifelong ambition. As far as I'm concerned, when the coast is clear, when this presidential candidate comes out, what we are going to ask them is their vision for Nigeria, not about their ambition. We have seen people that have aspired to become president, just for you to be on record that they are president of Nigeria, they're not in to shoot for it. I think moving forward in 2023, what would you ask the candidates that are fighting themselves to be the, what's your vision, beyond your ambition, what's your vision for Nigeria? What, what are you bringing to bear on the Nigerian citizen? What are you going to do for Nigeria, to take Nigeria forward? And those are the things that are the questions that we are going to ask, beyond our life-long ambition or not. Okay, so, so, also to just add in there, I'm also thinking that, you know, we need to move beyond the question of what the vision is, and that's how we, they intend to achieve this, because over time, we've seen several statements, I will do this, I will sort the economy out, I will give, you know, 200 million people a job, but the question is, how do you intend to do that? We need to be able to see, you know, the plan, step by step, you know, quarter by quarter, and day by day, if it's possible, on how they intend to achieve all of this. But let's come to Ibrahim Oshuono, what are the chances of the, I mean, what are the chances of Bola-Ahmad Tinnabu becoming the flag bearer of the APC? Now, looking at the political rank orders going on, all of the tussles in the APC, and the fact that you have all the peasants in the APC that also have interest of becoming, you know, the president, so what are the chances that he will become, you know, the flag bearer of the APC? Thank you very much for that question. You know... Mr. Oshuono, we seem to have lost you there, can you hear us clearly? Okay, maybe we'll probably just, you know, move the question to Gideh Johnson. Gideh Johnson, can you hear me? So the question is, do you think that, you know, Bola-Ahmad Tinnabu stands a chance of becoming the flag bearer of the all-progressive Congress, as regards the 2023 presidential election, looking at all of the issues with the APC at this point in time and all of the contending interests? Now, if you look at the political antecedents, it's a network, it's a political network, and the financial must do, which he has, the political leverage which he has built over the years, he has chances, he has chances as taking the ticket. However, if you look at the Nigerian political landscape, it is beyond having the resources. And we are recalling that in 1988 when Abyola aspired to become, to become the flag bearer of the National Party of Nigeria, I knew how it ended for Abyola. And from a historical point of view, and we have always had reluctant questions, it's not usually the leading candidates, I usually might, as the presidential candidate, I can go down memory lane. In 1978, Shagari wanted to be a senator. Shagari wanted to be a senator. In 1999, Abyola was not even interested in presidency, was trust on him. In 1993, Abyola did not have any aspiration of becoming president. In 1999, becoming the president, until all the presidential candidates were banned and the parties had to look for new candidates, that's how Abyola emerged from nowhere to get the SDP, the SDP ticket. If you look at 2007, Gya Agua was not interested in the presidency. 2011, Junatan was not interested. In 2011, Bwari wept and said, he's not going to contest the presidency, until they went to look for him in 2015. So, you check from a historical point of view, the president actually gets the presidential ticket of the party, and the president actually wins the election, and usually reluctant president, and not usually the leading candidate, that you have. Whether Shagari will be able to predict that things is there for us to see. However, if you look at APC, if you look at the dynamics of the APC, APC is going to have its convention this year. They're going to have presidential primaries this year. How are they going to manage those two major party functions? I don't know, and I hope to be able to, because the party that won the 2023 election is the party that comes out of its presidential primaries with less crisis, that is able to manage the party that wins the presidential election. So, its chance is in APC. Its eye, however, the dynamics and the murky waters of politics is beyond having the resources, is beyond having the network, is beyond having the leverage, and thinking that, well, I have the leverage, I have the network, and I have the resources to muzzle that in Nigeria, the Nigerian presidential ticket, and President has never shown that history, history is working against him in an utter sense, but I hope, let's see whether it will be the jinx breaker that you have in hand with them, with the present governor of Canada on the second one. All right, so I think- And you know, you're still with Ladojada, I think I'll be there on the second time against all odds. All right, so let's bring in Ibrahim Mushuwan or at this point in time. If you can hear me, what are the chances that Bola Akma Tinnibu will become the flag bearer of the UAPC? Okay, let me just quickly make this especially clear that I won't be able to make some few points or signing actuality chances becoming the candidate of our party. Like what my job directly said there, he has all the takes, he has all the purpose to be the leading candidate, and of course, elections, elections about winning an election for a party is also contributing to factors of you nominating a credible candidate, candidate across our board, from the North Central and North East, not West. Of course, that's what I do have there, but I will be a little bit cautious because a lot of people are still going to come out to contest. You can see the graph, Ladojada Ibrahim was there, who knows today who's going to come out next to contest? Who knows who's going to come out? And I can tell you for a few people, few governors, former governors are still coming, going to come out, declare their intentions to the president from the South West, from the South South and the South East as well. So the parameters for making a final judgment on who becomes a party candidate right now, of course, it's not really going to be substantiating. What I can say for now, based on my experience, what my job brother and the other side said there, Abila of course has been longing, you remember in 1993, he actually wanted to do context and election. In 1993, he has formed his own group and aspire. That's why hope 1993 is able to defeat all of them with his vision, with his experience in private sector, you know, coming into financial acumen and all the things. So I sure as all these things, it's well prepared, but we can't really consider, you know, give a final, I don't know who is going to clinch the ticket right now. Let all the candidates, he has, you know, he has also set a pace for who wants to come out now. You are free to come out, showcase. I'm calling on also, but not fire me. Who is also, you know, probably partially intending to contest for the office of president. He's a page dealer. Why not? Let's see people like that coming out, showing their intentions, then at the appropriate time, we'll be able to bring out the cast and the table that who is going to be this, who is going to be that. What are the chances for ABC? Comparing actually with David Humayne right now, I don't think it's appropriate in terms of, you know, performance, in terms of even political structure, in terms of even networking. Of course, you know, actually, of course, definitely it's on on on on the way should nine to 10.  So I would like to keep few, you know, aims right now until we see other, you know, candidates coming out. What's up? You know, we see a lot of candidates not growing up. Yes, please. Mr. Sashino, is Ashowaju's ambition and, you know, the idea of him running for president, is that, you know, would you describe that as a way that the APC can hold onto power or what is actually best for Nigeria's next eight years? You know, you know, holding onto power does not depend on any political parties. It's all this, it's all Nigerians. You are not all determined. You know, it's a matter of number. It's a game of number. Nothing more will determine who is who is going to be the president.  If they are convinced, they will vote for you. If they are not, they will vote for the other side. So it's all Nigerians. You are not all determined who will continue to live. Of course, the present government has done its best and still doing, and at least credibly, well, I can say that the government, based on the circumstances and, you know, you know, global pandemic, you know, economic factor and the rest of it, that's so, so, so, affects this government. Yeah, but the government is... This is what I'm asking. Mr. Ashina, well, you would expect that the political party that truly loves Nigeria will put its best foot forward, either because they want to win the election or because they truly want to see a person that would move Nigeria to, you know, a better place. So would you say, you know, from what you've seen, that Volame Tinibu might be the APC's best foot or best candidate? Absolutely. Absolutely. You know that about them. He has the network, he has touched so many lives.  He has the history of performance. Lagos is a very, you know, cosmopolitan state.  Every mentor in 1999, Lagos, it was a mess. Everywhere was a mess. It was a mess. He is able to, people, provide so many things in terms of investment, raise the idea from just mega 800 million to 32 billion every month and turn around so many things in Lagos state. So he is able to do that. And it has not been in office in almost about 12 or 13 years now, or more than, since student around seven years. He has not held any political offices. It was after so many, so many, so many, so many opportunities to, you know, he said no, they would like to stay in Nigeria and he would always love to build so many young talents. And that's what he has been doing. So from the North-South West, he has the network. He has the political appeal. He has the voting attraction. So if our party nominates him, why not? He's a good candidate. But of course, the party determines who flag is ticket and whatever the party at the end of the day does, that's what, as a loyal party man, that's what we're going to work with. And I trust the judgment of Governor Monee and for eventual, anybody that comes in at the party chairman, they would use all the votes and support our candidates with the election. Yes, Monee. Jini Johnson, do you agree that the APC is putting his best foot forward, you know, in the person of Bola Medinupu? And of course, Misha Musashino was an analysis, you know, that he has helped a lot of people and he has, you know, done that work. My brother is on my part of the world, he's on my part of Nigeria.   And some of the hidden secrets that you never knew about come to the fore. It's interesting when this election comes into focus. And because we were asked questions, some of us were, I'm really question, you are true. And people tend to use leakers as a clue for the day. I don't know what leakers are talking about. There is Jack on the leakers, Austin Ngu, Fashola, Amber Deja, and there's some of those leakers. We brought these records to bear because people will just ban these some sudden things and they'll say, only fools are going to use. The evidence of what they've done with cut-off sentry with leakers would be what we used to serve as a test piece in asking them questions, whether they are the best for Nigeria or not. If what they have done in the last 25 years for a cut-off sentry in bakers, if it's good enough for leakers, then we see whether it's good enough for Nigeria. So we ask questions beyond, we have made people, we have done this, this is Nigeria, this is all of that, this is all of that. All of those is the questions we ask, we have that. What are the best candidates? Like he said earlier, there are other candidates that are to come, as I'm concerned, and I like his word, the one he said that firemen should come out. I see no reason why the vice president should also come out. I haven't done 20 years in public service and 12 years as a general of the federation and the vice president for the last eight years. So I think the vice president, Yamio Shibati, should throw his hat in the ring. Then I decided, let the space be open so that as many people that will come, then the party would decide who is their best candidate. If you ask me for a fact that who is the best candidate based on what we have, he has said that he has not done anything since 2007. I've died left as the governor of the state. So judging by that credential, you agree with me, and Yamio Shibati asks a better credential than Bola Meji Numbu, except we want to argue with proofs, except we want to argue with evidence. It's usually judging by that. Who has been involved in public governance? Who has risen to the point of a vice president, to the president for eight years? So that's my view concerning that. But let more candidates come up. Let people through to you. Let them do their art in the ring, and let the party members of it decide who should be the best candidate that will spread their flag against other flagbearers of other party. Okay. I'm sorry. Next, Ibrahim Oshun. Ibrahim, can you please just hold on for a bit? I'm coming to you now. But just to add, I was hoping that Gidej also would have answered that. The question of whether it's enough, I mean, it's okay to use the template of Lagos to judge the 36th state of the Federation, including the FCT, talking about different ethnic groups and different persons, resources naturally, I mean, differently and down, and all the peculiar issues that were faced with. So the constant reference to the Lagos template and the Lagos experience, using it to judge the entire country, I really don't know if that would actually work, because Lagos is Lagos, and we're talking about the 36 states now. The Lagos, the Lagos. That's number one. That's number one. That's number, it can't be meaning Nigeria. Lagos is a state in Nigeria. We understand that it's a very vast city. We understand the economic viability and what have you, but you can't use Lagos as one state to want to say, because you actually made progress in Lagos, it means you will make progress in talking about the entire states of the Federation. But that's on the one hand. The other question now for you, Mr. Ibrahim, is do you think that the president is fit? Because recently we have President Muhammad Bawari asking, saying that the work of the president is tiring. And looking at his age, you want to also tell that he's really tired. It can be so much. We've also had issues of health challenges with Bola Ahmad Tinnibu.  Now, quickly, let me quickly address what my dear friend and brother said, Mr. Ibrahim. Look, I'm a Lagosian too, but Lagos is not London. Lagos is Lagos. We are a lot around when he became the governor of Lagos. Let me tell you something about Ashwardo. You know, a lot of people have been, and it happens where you go, when you have what others does not have. Ashwardo is a special being. It's very rare. It's very rare. Among his colleagues that were governor in 1999, none of them, as of today, pulled the cloud or have the influx of tenacity that he has as of this moment. None of them. Go and check them. From 1999 to today, most of his colleagues are ministers, senators at the point. Still, they have no capacity that he will say. So there's element of jealousy, you know, everywhere for him. I can understand that. People, even in your community, when you do something exceptional, when you have ideas, when you have what it takes to make things around, when you have what it takes, do what others cannot do. You develop some natural enmity. Even in your close family, you have some sliders. So Ashwardo knows that. You know, I'm not saying he's a perfect man. He has his plot. I'm saying he's on the national TV. He has his plot. But for now, in Lagos, I can tell you that what he has done in Lagos is, for now, no record. In this country, no governance of his age, but in Caliban, some of his colleagues, none of them can match his status. And that's naturally yes for me. Now, let's go back to what Mr. Agides said about, you know, what he has done. When the campaign comes, I stated earlier, it's going to come up and tell you as agenda. I'm not going to say that for him. He's the one that wants to, I'm not telling us of him. The office of president is not a joke. He's not a chiseler. He knows what is at stake. You know, he's a leader in this country. He's not in Lagos alone. There's no way to be Ashwardo who steppes food. In Nigeria, in Africa, that nobody or hundreds or thousands of people will not get out to recognize him. That's what they call politics. That's politics. So it's having enemy in Lagos. Some will say he's not in Lagos and some will say it's this, some will say it's that. That is politics. I don't think so. So let's have you share your thoughts on the second question. Let's have you share your thoughts on the second question for the one-to-one. I'm coming, please, let me finish, please. Hold on, hold on, let me, please, let me finish. Let me finish, please. It's ready for that. We are prepared for the election. This is an election year. We are set for it. Now, Ashwardo is talking about his head.  You tap down as medically unfit. How do you know somebody's medically unfit? It's the medical record that would determine. He went to London recently on a native surgery because that means it's not fit. It doesn't mean it's not fit. You can be your 40s, you can be your 50s, and you have medical talent. That's not, that's not, that doesn't mean that you are not fit for office. But when the time comes, like I said, then they will post questions to you. And I can tell you, it's ready to answer all the necessary questions because he asks for you. He said he wants to lead this country.  But Mr. Jeneb, most of your questions and many other negotiations and engineers wants to ask questions. They should be patient. When it declares, set up his agenda, then you can query that. Do query it and the campaign council will respond appropriately. We need your vote. We want you to come from the first party primary. We are still coming to Nigeria. Who had the final say and final approval of who is going to become the president of this country? So it's very easy. Lagos, for instance, most of the GDP, Lagos GDP is modern, it's higher modern in so many African countries. I can mention and mention many African countries that the GDP of Lagos is a country. To lead Lagos is not a job. It's not a choice thing. So try to lead it in that. And till now, after living off it in 27, 27, till now, no, none of these age mates who are governors can still get, I can match this gas plan. So let's wait. You will still get a lot of things to hear from it. Like you said, obviously it's a bad news. It's a product. I'm saying it broadly. It's a product. And if Professor Jeneb wants to contest, it has to come down. What's up there? Let me come down. They don't see any agenda. If you don't know that, so that's what I mean. All right, hold on, hold on. Mr. Oshina, because of time, let's also go to G.D. Johnson to, of course, have his thoughts out there. Something I'll also quickly mention is, you know, you just mentioned that he went to London. That already has set a bad precedent for a person who is trying to be president of Nigeria. We've complained over and over about President Muhammadan Bari going to the UK for medical treatment. Bala Mettinibu did not fix any healthcare in Lagos. Good enough for him to receive treatment here in Lagos that he loves so much. He still goes to London for medical treatment. And that already, you know, should be a red flag to any Nigerian. G.D. Johnson, quickly show your thoughts just before we wrap up. The Lagos, they are referring to as a country that couldn't put the health sector in place when to receive a treatment in Lagos. As far as I'm concerned, I have no regret for Oshina. I have an admiration for his political sagacity. Not that about that. I mean, not a proof of some style to governance and politics. To politics. But when it's time, like I said, we surely ask those questions. And when people are saying that the Tinnumun made this, Tinnumun made that, Tinnumun did not make anybody. It's Lagos. If Oshiba Jyudidot performed critically well as an attorney general, would he use him for the second term? Would he recommend it for the third term? Would he recommend him for the fourth term? It's like people saying, okay, your friend if I really does meet in Numbu or somebody made somebody, or Bari made somebody, nobody can make anybody. And some of these things that people use in the political landscape is insulting and degrading. The fact that I worked under you or you recommended me for a post, if I'm not good enough, you would recommend me. So it's a symbolic relationship. You contribute to me, I contribute to you. And that's the way I see it in the political, in the political landscape. As far as my colleague has said, it's a Lagos, it's like a country. And we have said it. They said, oh, there are no people that have this political, no doubt about that. No doubt that across the set of 1999 governors, some of them are still in church nationally. And I've said it over time on national TV that the major problem we have with our fourth report week is the class of the governors. The class of the governors that we have had in 1999. And all these people, they come out. I tell them, when they come out, we ask them to come out with the code of conduct, the rule from the field in 1999. They form the field as the asset declaration. That's the one who asks for when it comes to that. Because moving this nation forward is beyond using rhetorics and playing on sentiments. Oh, we build this person, we make Lagos to be a Dorado, we make Lagos to be this, or we make people, we have made ambassador. We don't need that. What we need is someone that will turn Nigeria around. When was United Arab Emirates, when was it established as a country? These people go to London for medical facilities. When was it like that? It was not like that before. The King of Saudi Arabia used to come to University College of Hospital in the Padreau. Same for Louti here in Nigeria. So we want to turn around in Nigeria. Beyond personality, we want to talk about policies. We are talking about personality. And when people talk about personalities, they gloss over public policies. And it is policies that shape the life of people. So I'm not interested in talking about personality. What are their policies and what are their acts?  All right, Judy Johnson. You know what I'm saying? They antecedent to see what they would do for us in the future. Those are the questions we are going to ask. They are going to ask them questions. All right, we would have to go down. With respect to what they have done, what they have opportunity, and what they would do for Nigeria. Absolutely. Judy Johnson would have to wrap up here. Ibrahim Moshino, we always enjoy speaking with you. Judy Johnson, same also. Thank you both for speaking with us this morning. And as of course we inch closer and closer to the elections, we would love to have another conversation with the both of you. Have a really, really great day ahead. Thank you. All right. Stay with us. Moving away from politics now to talk healthcare. There is a Simeon Surge in the Las Afiva cases and fatalities here in Nigeria. That's where we get into next here on The Breakfast on PlawstTV Africa.


Team Naples, I'm here with Team Wildcats at the Naples High School here in Grisheniano. I've got principals Fredo and Chris with me and this is the last stop on our tour this afternoon in preparations for what we're doing about the coronavirus. As you all know out there in the listening audience, the school is temporarily closed. We're doing some deep cleaning and we're also testing our distance learning program. So Fredo and Chris, tell us a little bit about how that's going and then we'll walk inside and take a look at the facilities. Yes sir, we met this morning with our district colleagues in Vicenza and here at the Naples Field Office to develop a plan tomorrow for teachers to come back and to begin to roll out that digital platform beginning Thursday and Friday. At the elementary school doing a very similar type of project. We've got trained up and ready to roll out with the teachers what it'll look like for the digital learning. It is something that's sustainable and we can keep going until we need to finish it. Okay, so we're inside the school now and I told you that phase one of this shutdown would be deep cleaning. We're here with some of the cleaning personnel actually taking pretty good care of the heads and horizontal surfaces. Chris, do you want to tell us a little bit about what's going on? Right now they're touching all surfaces, all doorknobs, anything that could that needs to be cleaned and hygienized. So we'll make sure that everything is clean and they are really knocking it out. As you can see they're wearing the protective gear and they're ready to rock and roll. All right, senor Ciara, God se mele. All right, we're gonna energize our distance learning program in Dodia and anybody. Darnell, how did it go here with the students when they found out about this? All the students were prepared and ready for the virtual learning. It went very well.  Okay, so the students are out today. It's Tuesday. What about computers? Does everybody have a computer and if they don't what can we do about it? So we have options available for those families who may have some technology challenges at home. All they need to do is reach out to myself or Mr. Bean over at the elementary school and we will help them get that platform up and going at home so they can have a continuity of education plan for their children. How long can you sustain this? For as long as necessary. We're working on a plan right now to go with live digital learning as of Friday so we can continue this as long as it needs to. Okay, that's reassuring because we're not sure how much longer Italy will maintain the current status of the red zone. So bear with us folks. I think the professionals here at D.R. are doing everything they can to maintain the high standards of learning. Of course, some of that responsibility belongs to students and parents as a team. We're all one team one fight and we'll get through this and work through this together. Thank you very much. And thanks for everything you're doing. Chris Fredo and Darnell. Thank you.


How's it going everyone Caleb here with latent sports cards next night? We are gonna be working on 2021-22 flawless football This is left side seal number 47, thanks again everyone results right here one more time good luck all Here we go Number 47 number 48 after this and then after that we have a two box case that is tiered random teams Okay Four of ten Kenan Allen dual patch there Kenan Allen four of ten Monta Monta 19 of 20 Joe Montana and Patrick Mahomes John M Nice dual patch very cool Five of ten horizontal patch autograph Carson Wentz There you go five spot. That's James P You go James Carson Wentz Three of 15 Josh Jacobs horizontal patch auto The re-spot is Joseph M. Joseph three spot there autograph one of five Tori Holtz William and there you go one spots Tori Holtz autograph one of five Nice one there in the Holtz Autograph one of ten again one spot delvin cook very nice You go one spot nice it Another one for you William nine spot Braden K with a beautiful Ruby horizontal patch autograph to a tug of I loa Boom Braden K at nine There you go. We'll mag that That's awesome Nice sit there, man. That does it there. All right 16 spot 16 to 20 Thurman Thomas Ruby there 16 spots even W got the Mac Jones quad patch 14 of 20. There you go. Nice rookie showcase quad patch Tommy M 14 Yo Tommy and all about a rookie autograph Trevor Lawrence that is gonna be Eight spot eight of 15 boom Michael S. There you go, man big tealaw Congrats Michael S eight spots Great ending man, and there you go guys. That was number 47. We'll have number 48 coming up shortly Thank you again so much. I do appreciate it Number 48 will be next. Thank you so much


I was not attending Congress this last year because I just moved into a new house and had lots of other things to do. And then I still wanted to take a break from all the, you know, building renovation and other things and wanted to have some fun and I decided I should do something that is not related to GSM or the other things that I do all the time. So I thought, okay, let's have a look at these deck base stations that are used now also by the POC, the phone operation center at the CCC events. So why decked? Well, because I already have some history with decked, which was about 10 years ago. There was a project called the decked.org that I was slightly involved with. I didn't really do all the technical stuff, but still at that time a group of security researchers were publishing security problems in the decked standard and in implementations of decked systems at the time. And while decked is an Etsy standard, so it's always fun to work with ITU and Etsy standards and to look at obscure communication systems, it's also still very much used today. And contrary to GSM or UMTS, we haven't really heard of anyone talking about a sunset of decked, so it's likely going to be around for quite some more time. As I said, the CCC phone operation center, the event phone guys have also switched to a one specific vendor or one specific system that implements decked. So the terminology that we are going to be using here, among other things, actually the slides were just in time production, so the terminology is not complete. So an RFP is a radio fixed part, there's also a PP, which is the portable part. So the MS, which is also called the UE in our world, is called the PP here. And the RFP is more like a VTS in our terminology. And then in the decked system by this company that we are looking here, we also have the OM, which is the open mobility manager, which is more like an MSC or something like that in our coming from a GSM, looking at this from the GSM angle. So I don't really want to talk too much about decked, just a very few things in the beginning about it. It's a TDMA system working in somewhere between 1.8 and 1.9 gigahertz range. So we have time slots like in GSM. We have carriers like Arfkens like in GSM, they're just a bit more wideband than GSM carriers, but otherwise relatively similar. So we also have some broadcast channels and some dedicated channels and things like that. Also interestingly, the DLC protocol, data link control, I think is how they call it, is very much like LabDM, but not the same. So we have a rather similar layer 2 protocol than GSM inside those dedicated channels. Interestingly they slice another protocol layer in between. So there's a MAC protocol layer between DLC and the physical layer. So LabDM is not directly on the radio channel, again looking at this from GSM point of view. And then in the end, they also have some layer 3 protocols like call control and mobility management, which are in principle doing more or less the same things like we see in GSM, but of course they are encoded completely different. So of course we also have a setup message, but the TLVs are different and the information element identifiers are different and so on. So it really looks like you tell two groups of developers develop a TDMA based radio system communication system and it should offer telephony services and all of them have some free existing knowledge about ISDN and then the two of them create GSM and DECT. And same ideas, same principles, but completely different encoding and lots of differences in the details. So one big difference though compared to GSM is that in DECT in the specs only the radio interface is specified. So in GSM we know there are all the different interfaces in the infrastructure, the radio interface and the A-Bus and A and all the network elements, the MSC, the BSC, all of that is specified in rather comprehensive detail, whereas in DECT they only specify the radio interface and they basically say well if you do anything on the infrastructure side it's up to you. In the common use case that you find in homes basically looks like this, we can of course make that larger if we remember how to do it. So we have two portable parts, we have radio interface, we have one fixed part and then there is a POTS ISDN SIP whatever connection and that's your cordless phone at home which is of course rather obvious that you don't want to specify that there is a BTS and a BSC and an MSC and what not in there and there are all kinds of protocols in there. I mean it's basically a NITB from our point of view. If we look at larger installations then the network grows and becomes more hierarchical. So we have multiple of those radio fixed parts and they have some whatever proprietary backhaul protocol to whatever proprietary core which then talks ISDN or SIP or whatever two external telephony systems out there. And that's basically the kind of system that we're looking at and we want to look at these proprietary bits and at these RFPs which are the base stations in DECT technology. So the protocol stacking looks like this if we want to look at the usual protocol stack diagrams that we know from other cellular technology, we have the physical layer here in the portable part in the phone, we have a MAC layer with the DLC layer on top and then we have the NWK layer which is basically what we know as layer 3 which contains call control and mobility management messages. In this particular implementation then we have an RFP which doesn't do anything else but implementing the FI and the MAC layer and then we have some backhaul to a central network element which is called the OM which implements basically the DLC and the NWK layers and here in between we have a TCP IP based protocol that I called AAMIDE which is the AASTA MitreDECT protocol. We don't know how this protocol is called, it's a proprietary protocol between two network elements and I had to come up with an acronym that wasn't used yet. So I came up with this rather handsome acronym. So let's look a little bit at these DECT base stations, the RFPs, there's multiple generations of those devices. I've only seen Gen 2, 3 and 4 base stations, I don't know what Gen 1 looked like. Of course we have to keep in mind that traditionally of course this proprietary interface here was probably more something like ISDN or so in older DECT installations but now in the modern days of course this is IP based and that's also the case for what I analyzed. So at least these Gen 2, 3 and 4 base stations are all IP based. So the Gen 2 RFPs have an interesting ancient TI MIPS with dual DSP processor, I only know from TI the ARM plus DSP processors but apparently they also did some MIPS CPUs some time ago and there's some NAND flash, some RAM and Ethernet PHY and an MPCI slot for, not MPCI-E, MPCI, the old four Wi-Fi cards. And next to that there is a DECT baseband processor with its own flash and RAM and some whatever ADPCM chip so some Kodak chip and an actual 16C550 UART, I haven't seen those in a long day, you know ever since I would say at least the early 90s I haven't seen a physical 16C550 yet. So those are not so exciting because basically there's entirely only proprietary software on those components and it's not as easily hackable but what becomes rather interesting is the Generation 3 RFPs which are at least two of them are RFP35 and RFP43, these are the product numbers because they contain a Marvel Kirkwood ARM SOC if you've ever played with a Shiva plug then you know these devices and they actually run an almost, I think a part, it's probably like 100 lines of patch or even less, now less than 100 lines of patch compared to mainline Linux on there, 3.2.73 kernel and the Kirkwood has two Ethernet ports, one points to the DECT baseband processor and the other one points to the backhaul. So you basically have a completely open, freely programmable mainline Linux supported Linux chip next to the DECT processor, in between the DECT processor and the backhaul of those devices. The DECT processor used is not yet known at this point, nobody has unsoldered the shielding cover yet of a device, it wasn't really necessary at this point and you have an accessible serial console for Uboot and Linux access and the root password is actually known even without spelling mistakes and it's even officially documented. So basically whatever password you configure in your OMM backend is actually pushed down to the RFPs. So all the RFPs will get the same root password set by means of A, I think they do something like there is an overlay RAM FS and then ETC password is sort of mounted from that overlay RAM FS and the ETC password file is copied from the central machine or something like that. So you cannot log in as root but you log in as a known user and then you can do sue and your root at the device and you don't need to do any hacking. That's the way how the equipment ships. So your root on this, this is how a circuit board looks like if it is not zoomed correctly. This is more like it while the Ethernet sockets we don't need to want to see. So we have the circuit board here. You see lots of shielding covers. This is where the deck basement processor is located underneath and this is some whatever RF analog chain related to it under those four shielding covers. Under this heat sink is the Marvel Kirkwood. This is the RAM next to it. This is the LAN flash next to it. Here we have the Ethernet transformer, the PoE power supply. This is the DC input. This is the Ethernet jack and this is the USB-A interface where you can attach whatever peripherals. It's quite interesting that they exposed this. And if you flip it around on the backside there's an MPCIE slot with USB so you can again put in a Wi-Fi, no it's actually sorry it's not USB. It's an actual MPCIE with PCIE on it from the Kirkwood so you can attach a Wi-Fi card. Instead you can basically deploy a combined decked access point and Wi-Fi access point in a single device. And so one of the first things I of course did is I since it runs Linux and it's an embedded device I made a test purchase. And interestingly yes it ships with the GPR and with a written offer and I made an inquiry to the address that was stated to get the source code for the Linux and so on. And the first very positive response was I got an automatic response from a request tracker I was like you somebody else uses RT that's great. And then there was apparently a person at the other end that even knew me and I also vaguely remember the name from some I don't know how many ages ago I've read this name before in the context of free software and very soon afterwards I had a CD in my hand or DVD which contained rather complete and building source code for all the free software on it. So definitely they did that part right. And it's actually a subsidiary in Berlin that's doing the development which I already suspected based on time stamps and some names that I could find in the firmware images and looking at the company history. So you get the source code. I think what did they use? Was it build route? But the build system is rather easy to figure out which one was used and you can create a matching cross compiler and so on very easily and then install your own binaries there. So the high level architecture to look at this again. We have our antenna going into the decked baseband processor and then we have the Marvel Kirkwood here. The main communication interface is this internal Ethernet. There's also a UART and some GPIOs and the fun part is the decked baseband processor apparently doesn't have any flash associated with it. It just has a ROM boot loader which makes it appear on the UART and then the actual Ethernet boot loader is downloaded over X modem or whatever into the UART into the decked baseband processor and then the remaining software is downloaded over Ethernet into the device and then they speak some proprietary internal Ethernet protocol here and you have some GPIOs to toggle power and reset and so on to control this processor. And as I said all of this is done from the rather standard Linux here on the right hand side. Yeah, U-boot is from 2013 that exposes there. So you see there's 128 megs of RAM and flash there. The kernel boot log, well I'm not going to read this to you. You see the Marvel part number and this is really exactly the same model down to the last digit that's used in those Shiva plug devices where Marvel has released the full manual for all the registers and everything without NDA or anything so it's really nice to hack with. This is the partition map of the NAND flash. So you see U-boot with persistent environment and the backup partition and flash file system and apparently VAR and they use UBFS for those file systems there. Now if you want to play with the firmware images because actually the devices they download their firmware over TFTP from the central server in the network and if you want to look at this there are these download files that are part of the official software releases IP RFP 3G, 3G is for third generation not for 3G telephony. Download and if you play with it and you find the offsets then you can get the U image, the init RD and all that stuff out and yeah I can basically investigate the root file system and so on if you don't want to do it on the live system. There's some interesting user space programs that you can find in there. The two main parts is the IP RFP program which is really the program doing all the deck related stuff which makes heavy use of a libom.so and then you see there are some .bin files which are the binary firmware images that are used on the deck baseband processor and by the way none of this seems to use any cryptographic signatures or any kind of verifications whatsoever so it's extremely hackable in a nice way. This is not criticizing, I'm very happy that one can play with it. Yeah so interestingly there is the normal firmware then there's something called macmoni.bin which yeah well it seems to be a Mac monitor firmware but it's not documented or not used by the normal code that we could find. This has no documented feature about it and there's like extremely comprehensive documentation about how you set up these systems and how you configure it and so on. Yeah and then there's the bootloader itself which is loaded over TTYS1 over this UART internally. Now if you since you have these two Ethernet interfaces what do you do? You start the TCP DOM on this internal Ethernet interface, you get a pcap file, you copy it off the box and you start to analyze that and you see there is lots of raw Ethernet frames with Ethertives A000 to A004 and then you look at some string tables and log outputs of different programs by the way all of these programs have something like a VTY that you can access so you can interactively change the debug level and get protocol traces and so on. So it's really nice to explore and you have a logging system that's at least as complicated as ours. And yeah then you see there's something interesting called audio log. Okay so you can somehow log the audio of decked calls. For sure not a documented feature in the documents that we have. There's an interestingly a separate for video. There actually is video telephony over decked and believe it or not when I was looking at the kernel strings I also saw there's V4L video for Linux. What, why do they have video for Linux on a decked base station? The point is you can attach a USB video class device to the USB A connector on the decked base station. So not only do you have a decked base station and a WiFi access point but also you have a surveillance camera all in one PoE device. And then using a video decked phone, yes they exist. You can use a video decked phone and you can see the real time video feed over decked from the USB camera attached to your deck base station. Yeah it's fun, why not? I mean, yeah, yeah. Well you can do that from phone to phone but I mean that doesn't need any video for Linux in the kernel, right? Yeah, yeah, yeah. Yeah, exactly, yeah, so you have like indeed. So yeah, so there's the firmware download and so on and the most interesting ones is really this A000 and A001, I don't really have any names but if we look at the protocols, I did some analysis. I will skip the details. There is code in this branch in wireshark.git. And so we have, yeah, there's a couple of slides in the wrong order. So let's do the wireshark demo quickly. I basically have a capture file that I'll just show quickly in wireshark. This is also not the right wireshark, there's too many wiresharks. Where did it go? Ah, there we go. This is the wireshark. These are the wiresharks you're looking for. So I'm just filtering on the A000 frames and I need to increase the font size, I guess. So if we look at the frame structure there, we basically have this, let's also open the hex dump. So we have source and destination MAC addresses, then we have this unknown whatever frame type, then we have a two byte obvious length field of 61 bytes and then we have some unknown payload in this case because I don't know this message yet. But here is a paging request, for example. So as an eight byte message with a paging request and then there's some additional data back there, which probably is the whatever the, what is it, RFPI or whatever the temporary identifier on deck is for the device that's supposed to be paged. And there is, yeah, MAC modify confirmation and whatever some other messages that are understood yet. And here we actually see then an authentication reply of the deck mobility management layer, which shows us that the stack is a bit deeper. So we have these raw Ethernet frames. At some point we have the deck DLC layer, which is like LabDM. So we have an iframe with 21 byte links and then we have the deck network layer, which is an auth reply and that is not decoded because there's no wire shark at the sector for this protocol yet. But at least the rough frame structure is understood. And so this brings us to these protocol layer messages that we see here. So there are messages and the names are mostly recovered from looking at traces. So if you enable using the debug interface, like the VTY, you can enable tracing and so on, and then you can map things. So you see there is like a connect indication, disconnect request, data request, data indication, page request, encryption key request and so on. Modify, request, modify, confirmation all sounds slightly similar, but slightly different at the same time. And then in there we actually have, this is some more, where is it? Yeah, in there we do have, in like the data request and data indication, we have the decked DLC layer, where wire shark didn't have an existing deceptor, but it was rather easy since DLC is a derivative of XDLC, like LabD and LabDM and LabSat and all these derivatives. So it was rather easy to create a deceptor for the DLC layer and then we get to the NWK layer, which is the mobility management and core control for which there's also no wire shark deceptor. That's why the decoding is rather simple, but all of these protocols are specified from this point on. So you could actually do complete protocol traces by writing some more wire shark bits. Now I wanted to look at the OMMRFP protocol in the last five minutes of this time slot. That's the protocol to remember looking at the diagram, no, not that diagram, that diagram. So right now we've basically looked at a protocol that's just purely inside here, inside the RFP between the decked and the ARM core. Now we want to look at the backhaul protocol that's between the RFP and the OMM. And this protocol has several subclasses. I try to draw a tree of how which sublayers are where. So we have this what I called ARMIDE and it has DNM and SYNC. And in DNM you have MAC and LC and RFPC and HOHO for sure is hand over. RFPC is RFP control. So basically you can control is like OML to control the base station. And these MAC and LC parts are to control the MAC layer and the logical channels in the device. Looking again at the protocol stack diagram here, we see that the DLC layer is here and the MAC layer is over there, rather here. So we want to remotely control at the layer boundary between DLC and MAC. We want to remotely control that MAC layer over here. And that's what these primitives in the protocol are made for. Now the funny part is, well, you enable all these logging and so on. And it gives you a hex thumb of the messages, but you never find those messages on Wireshark because they're actually encrypted or obfuscated. So if you look at the TCP payload, it looks completely randomized. And indeed they are using blowfish library routines from their binary. So I made a small LD preload wrapper library called LibTraceFish, which will basically give you a hex thumb of all the plain text and cipher text for each of the function calls. And also a LibNullFish, which replaces the encrypt decrypt operations with mem copy. And that you can basically switch to plain text mode and you can analyze the protocol further. And there are some people who have done more research on this and have done all kinds of interesting things, but I didn't do that, so I won't be reporting about it. But yeah, it's basically well understood now. And one can not only trace this internal Ethernet interface, but also people have already implemented a man in the middle proxy for this protocol between the RFP and the OM, where you can do modifications of messages on the fly going between the core network and the decked phones that are attached to it. And that brings me to the end of file, and I can still take a couple of questions. Yeah, we have a second microphone, which, well. So after you explain a bit, the protocol might adopt this. So what's the point of the existence of this protocol? Like it seems really similar to GSM. And GSM seems to have better specs, or yeah. So was it done before at the same time? And then, so I don't know. I'm not an expert, but I think it was created around the same time or shortly after GSM. It's definitely in the same time period. The use case is different, and I suppose the companies behind it are different. You may have seen that the GSM spec specifies something called CTM deck, the Cordless Telephony deck. Sorry, CTM GSM, Cordless Telephony GSM. And that was never deployed. So apparently also people involved with GSM have decided to extend GSM for cordless functionalities, but it was never deployed there. And in terms of bands, a deck is not an ISM band, but it's a freely licensed band in which it operates, of course. So I think it's mostly different companies wanting to have different patterns in different specs so they can monetize it. Well, the case for the band makes sense. Well, you could have just specified GSM for the same band, of course, if you wanted to. But yeah, that apparently was not. There was actually a time when GSM decked dual-mode phones existed. And there were some countries where decked local loop was used. So basically, you would have your landline telephony over decked. So basically, like every street or so, there's a pole with a decked base station, and you only have decked phones at home rather than having copper lines. I think in India they did, in some regions, they did this for some time. So it was suggested as a local loop technology also around the time that ISDN was deployed. Decked can transport more than just telephony. So decked from the beginning was, a telephony was more one application on it, which is specified in the gap in the generic access profile in decked, but there were other use cases. And even in the mid-'90s or so, you could buy Siemens, let's say 128 kilobits over decked transmitters and receivers. So you could actually do two ISDN channels over decked in your home before wireless LAN came around and so on. And now we have all these new decked IoT devices that are being pushed by some industry players, where again, they use decked only as the transport layer and have some other protocols on top. Thank you. Yeah, there's a question back there. Which band? I don't know exactly, it's somewhere 1.9 gigahertz. 1.9 gigahertz. Yeah, yeah, so it's basically it's above the GSM 1800 band. So directly above this band is where in Europe or at least in this ITU region, there is a general like reservation for decked. I think in the US, if you buy decked phones, they have been modified to work on 2.4 gigahertz because they don't have this band. So actually use the same protocol, but shifted into the normal 2.4 gigahertz ISM band because they don't have this frequency allocation. Okay, well, then that's it. So maybe a final word like, so what do we do with all of this? Well, nothing really so far. That's no big plan, but at least if anyone ever wanted to implement free software decked stuff, I think with these base stations, it's rather easy to do and there's not too many unknown factors or unknown variables anymore at this point and they are readily available. They can be bought on eBay. So if anyone wanted to implement all this protocol stuff from DLC layer upwards, it's a little bit like what we did with the BS11 back then. One could do it now without having to do much reverse engineering now. I don't think anyone will, but maybe who knows. Okay, yeah, thanks.