Right. Good afternoon everyone. I'm really really happy and excited to be presenting this today. This is the very very early stages of my postdoctoral project that I started only three or four months ago and that kind of got slowed down a bit because of personal reason like a mini-merc medieval hopefully person that's going to come at some point. But as a result half of the fieldwork I suppose and hopefully present the result of today didn't happen. So I thought instead of doing this I'm going to take a step back think about and discuss a little bit about the big ideas that are behind the project that I am starting to work on at the moment. So as the title says my project is looking at the transformation of places of devotion in early medieval northwestern Europe and when I say northwestern Europe I'm really looking at the kind of edges what was kind of beyond the Roman Empire that has a different narrative of what is happening in the post-Roman Europe. So for today's presentation I'm first of all going to discuss a little bit these different processes of Christianization in both post-Roman Europe but also beyond the role of the elites in this Christianization of the landscape, the role of car stones through that because this is what my research is built on. I did a PhD on comparing the use of car stones in the landscape in Scandinavia, Scotland and Ireland and that's my reason for being here today because you know comparisons and that's cool. And then the process of centralization of places of ritual and burial places and assembly places and then looking at the northwest in particular the question of the very narrative and very scholarships that we have access to and what their differences and similarities can help or sometime Mender may be a bit difficult this whole process of comparison. Looking at the methodological challenges a little bit and then addressing the question of you know the challenge of the box thinking in the box outside the box or without a box or whatever. So very briefly that the process of Christianization in post-Roman Europe as a contrast kind of doing a little bit of a disclaimer here I'm kind of keeping those term generals we know that there's a lot more complexities that are going into that of course but looking at the wide narrative there are some recognizable patterns in post-Roman Europe and mostly in kind of continental post-Roman Europe. It's quite well documented it's very widely researched and understood and whether you work in France or Italy or Germany you can find archaeologically and sometime with through written sources similarities that help understand this process of post-Roman and establishment of new Christian cult centers and a place of ritual. There's also some very big physical processes happening especially between the 9th and 12th centuries such as the formation of towns and villages, densification of a nucleation of population that has been referred to as incastellamento but also the process of centralization around churches or ecclesiastical centers that are that is called in ecclesiamento and also as with churches also assembly places and burial places etc. But when we look at beyond so that's why I put you know you have the nice map of the Roman Empire the way we know it in the second and third century and then the beyond and it's usually kind of cut by the map because that's not really what we're looking at I couldn't really cut England with my circle but let's imagine that I'm really looking at the beyond here and when we look at these regions especially during this time period between roughly the 5th to the 12th century we have a wide range of evidence whether it is archaeological evidence or written sources or complete lack thereof as well for people who work in Scotland as there's many today we know what we're talking about here or not especially lack but complexity of and there's not really a marked centralization of dense or dense population village or town between the 11th or 12th century especially in Scotland and some part of Scandinavia apart from exceptions what about in ecclesiamento this recentering around ecclesiastical centers and churches and so the kind of big question that's underlying all of this is while all these differences are happening all over the places in this northwestern edge can we say that there are there's this similarly big processes at work that we can see and observe in the post-roman rest of Europe if you wish so interestingly and that was what my research has been building up so far and that was kind of the thread I use for my PhD is there's one element that we can find in a lot of different areas of northwestern Europe and more specifically in Ireland, Britain, Scandinavia some occurrences in Brittany and a few in east of Europe during their medieval period it is the use of carstones in the landscape and they are really much invested in this in this christianization of place and elite seems to be using these as investment to demonstrate either spiritual or religious power in the landscape but also to demarcate their land or to show that they are as as a project of commemoration or to record the gift of land to the church etc etc and these are quite both locally and now more inter regionally well-attested well-studied in many regions and one of the the main elements when I was doing my my PhD research one of the main element that I kind of drew from that is that by comparing them even though we are looking at different type of monuments which I'm very well aware of but the way they inform each other the way we can use the different sources and their different location and their different use inform the other and help really understand the use of these stones and that was really something important and so the three main themes that I was looking at looking at the use of stones in these three different areas so again Ireland mostly Ulster so the north of Ireland which is not the one that has the most stones really then Scotland especially the kind of southern pickland and Sweden mostly upland it's that the three themes where you know movement as making place makers movement monument creating places monument creating movement because they are indicating a lot of movement in the landscape whether they are connected to the same individual over long distances or they are referring to another place or we can recognize the school a specific school of sculpture across the landscape monuments also as objects of commemoration and and identity as well and so these main three themes where we're really kind of giving a lot of answers regarding this kind of overall use and the one that I'm really focusing on now for the postdoc is really monuments making places and how they are participating in these different stages of this process of Christianization and one of the result that I received was that that I extracted and that I need now to test further in the postdoc is that the monuments in certain regions seems really to pertain to different phases of the Christianization process some are definitely linked more to secular elites marking either the boundaries of their state or the center of it or sometimes both marking the location of a burial place or assembly place and the further the church is institutionalized the further the church becomes one of this main institution the closer to churches and to ecclesiastical center the stones are and I just thought okay that's that's why quite lucky I was looking at about I don't know 75 80 monuments about 50 sites across this geographical area and this kind of observation worked all through that okay maybe it was a lot of luck that is not impossible but that is why now I want to really test this further so looking at how stones are used in the landscape we know that they are really used as as a demonstration of power but also legitimation of power ownership by elites both secular and religious in the landscape here the example of Abel Emno in Scotland where the stones are situated quite close to a major Iron Age hill for that might or might not be still in use at the same period there's more research that's being currently done at the moment on these hill forts of the area so until recently thoughts that were abandoned after the end of the the the late Iron Age but maybe not there are sometimes also used to demarcate the land commemorate and even delineate ecclesiastical landscape as here you have the example of Cardona and Ireland in the initial and peninsula and in Sweden for instance here the case of the stones connected to Estrid who is a very important woman in the 11th century in the region of Tebi and Valentuna north of Stockholm and in all these examples and short examples and I'm showing you we're really looking at these monuments that are participating to this to this landscape of power and demonstration of this power and the spiritual power as well in the landscape here again the example of these stones connected to Estrid so that's the facial reconstruction that was done by the museum in Stockholm of this of this woman and you have here example of all the stones that are connected to her and luckily for for me when I was doing the PhD Sweden the case studies that I was working on in Sweden were really providing so much clear evidence in the sense that you have everything you have the landscape of course many of the stones have been moved from their original landscape but some are still in or closed by the original location but you have the text on the stones that will explain to you why it's been put there and by whom and for whom and also the kind of way it has been carved can give us an information of when it was carved so it's kind of ideal because you have all this information and then you start looking at the wider landscape you start looking at how they are situated and it's like oh actually that's very similar to what I observed in these two other sites which don't have all this information and things starts to really work together but I'll get back to that in a second so the kind of big question that's my my postdoctoral project is asking now is trying to bridge these different phases between the very either pre-christian or very very early Christian devotional places how is the sacred defined and we know that this is a very wide question and can we really define it I'm not sure that's really the most thing but you have to ask the first question first and then see if they work or not but there's the question of of course assembly places and burial places and these assembly places where political ritual are being performed but also sacred as well so there's never a strong limit then what are the key landscape settings of these pre-christian or very early christian sites and how did the process the whole process of christianization impact the layout and spatial agency of this early sacred site and can the notion of centralization or nucleation around churches be applied to these sacred sites in throughout northwestern europe so the case studies that I'm looking at I'm just started yet so Norway I'm looking at three sites in Trondelag, Rogeland and Westfold then Scotland as you've seen earlier there's so much going on there and hopefully with all these this new research being produced some some elements will be will be really enriching this research then Brittany in France and then the second phase if I get the funding will be also including Ireland, Sweden, Denmark and hopefully island man again we'll see how things goes and it's really to try and and draw this narrative of the whole northwestern europe to see if we we can move beyond the the diversity of chronologies and and evidence and kind of look at things in a in a more in a more universal kind of process so the methodological comparative approach that I'm looking is of course trying to be as systematic as possible in my analysis of the case studies selected definition of the of the key features and defining as well of course key characteristics so that is looking at the landscapes at the assembly places churches early churches burial grounds the topography the crosses the car stones the roads and waterways those are all the kind of landscape elements and and archaeological evidence but of course there's also looking at the historical background because that that it's so it varies so much especially in term of chronologies from one region to the other and one of the element that is also kind of key to this is trying to really look at sites that are reserved because a lot of very interesting sites are not well published or published in language that unfortunately I'm still not very fluent in norwegian even though I've tried same for swedish I can read I can make my way through this but when it's a whole report I will probably miss you know some of the key information so that is trying to move beyond this and just going back to sweden to kind of illustrate a little bit this question of centralization of places you have here with the little stars all these these these sites that are linked to estrid and to this woman who was apparently a very strong christian woman possibly her tomb was found near a ruby bro that you have just here and and really showed that she was a very christian woman and so you have all these stones that are linked to her which are christian runestones as well but by that's all in the 11th century but by the 12th century these places don't seem to be in use as much anymore and the kind of main church center is just here at the top of the lake in valentuna so this is actually what I'm I'm really trying to address is this kind of shift in the landscape between these earlier sacred sites and then where the church the the the new center or maybe continuing center in the 11th 20th century when it gets formalized gets established and what's the connection if there is one can we bridge that gap so of course there's a lot of difficulties that goes with this and some of them are that it happens quite a lot that scholarly research was for a very long time and thankfully we're moving away from this now but it was very nationally originally specific so you can get a lot of very interesting and important information locally but then when you're trying to cross things around that gets a bit more complex and then evidence seems to show in especially in these areas that I was mentioning earlier part particularities more particularities that that in this post Roman world that seems kind of much more showing a much more unified picture if I may say again disclaimer so those are part of the boxes that are starting to to are starting not I'm not starting to appear but are kind of there to start with then there's the diversity of evidence not all the areas that I'm working on have very clear evidence not all the area that I'm working on have historical or written sources some have or may not have strong place names evidence historical sources archaeological remains etc but they might have some of these and so there's always like gaps and elements missing and also something that I have encountered thankfully that's not too much the case but it happens that the people who are very much working on an area and who are publishing a lot are really specialist in in one area on one time period especially so either more early medieval or early christian or iron age and again there's a gap sometimes happening in certain sites so in short the issues with methodology are kind of gathering meaningful results and offering new interpretation from areas which have very different different types of evidence available the issues with scholarship to a certain extent different academic tradition different specialization and different chronologies um of course in all the region that I showed you of course one of the first thing you can tell me is like well they're not exactly christian is at the same time so what are you exactly talking about you know scotland fifth sixth century the main baby even earlier than that same for island uh and in scandinavia sweden 11th 10th late 10th uh norway 11th also 10th um so what exactly are you talking about but the thing is if we if we kind of erase those those specific elements of chronologies but look at the wider process and and the social process that goes with it can we actually demonstrate the evidence of this process rather than the specific cities so how how to move beyond this issue and i'm coming back to my little boxes and thinking well does thinking outside of the box is enough is it enough and so what i'm really trying to do i get i think here is to get rid of the boxes entirely and just kind of trying to throw them away and from all these different elements yes i know and that's the last one absolutely uh looking at at the kind of universality or globality of this process more in a kind of long delay rather than specific then that will be supported by comparison and comparative work this comparison will of course show some connection but also a lot of contrast and i think that's just as meaningful as the rest but one of the key point here is trying to really to open and broaden the conversation and build bridges between different elements of scholarship and at the end of the day the answer that i'm trying to provide or maybe asking more question about is really does it matter whether the Christianization process started and lasted for 200 500 800 years what is interesting is we start at a certain level in the in different time periods but by the 11th 12th century we have the first churches we have these ecclesiastical centers and and so this process is has happened and so in the meantime are we looking at the same process not linked to how long it lasted and that's it for me thank you very much


Good day ladies and gentlemen, Dr. Sanjay Sanyal, department chair professor of anatomical sciences. Welcome to our next dissection. Let's take a look at this dissected specimen here. Let's look at the lateral side of the forearm. We can see a vein running very superficially. This vein that you see here. Everybody has it. You can see it on your own self also. This is the cephalic vein. And I'll tell you how it starts in a later dissection. So this is the cephalic vein. Now this vein has got a lot of anatomical variations. So here we are seeing one typical situation but there can be many variations. The cephalic vein then continues and it continues on the lateral side of the, on the roof of the cubital fossa. And it continues on the lateral aspect of the biceps brachii. And then it runs in the dentorectal groove. And it goes and pierces the costochloroquine membrane which I mentioned in earlier dissection. And it opens into the axillary vein. But let's continue with our story. This cephalic vein, it's a superficial vein. It's present in the superficial fascia. It gives a communication on the roof of the cubital fossa. And this communication you can see very clearly here. This is the communication. This is known as the median cubital vein. And in fact, nurses use this vein to draw blood from your elbow.  Okay. So this is the median cubital vein. This is also present in the roof of the cubital fossa. And it bridges across the roof of the cubital fossa. And it communicates with this vein that you see here. This is the basillic vein. The basillic vein is also a prominent superficial vein which runs on the medial side of the arm. And this basillic vein, and in my earlier dissection I had mentioned, this basillic vein is accompanied by this nerve which is referred to as the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm. But anyway, let's continue. The basillic vein then continues up. And it unites with the vinaicometantes of the axillary artery which I'm going to mention just now. And it forms what is known as the brachial vein. And you can see the brachial vein here. Because the vein is very thin walled and it had collapsed, I have put a probe inside. The brachial vein then continues up. And at the lower border of the teres major, the brachial vein becomes the axillary vein. And you can see the probe has gone into the axillary vein. And the axillary vein then goes through the cervical axillary canal and it opens into the subclavian vein. Part of it is visible from our previous dissection. This is the other end of the subclavian vein. So that is about the basillic vein, the axillary vein, continuing as the axillary vein. Now let's go in the reverse direction and let's talk about the axillary artery. These are two cut ends. As I mentioned in my earlier dissection, this is the subclavian artery, which emerges through the scalyne triangle between the scalyneus anterior and the scalyneus medius muscle. So this is the cut end of the subclavian artery. At the outer border of the first ring, the subclavian artery becomes known as the axillary artery. And the axillary artery also has got three parts, which is divided by the pectoralis minor. The portion from the outer border of the first ring to the pectoralis minor is the first part. The portion behind the pectoralis minor is the second part. And the portion from the pectoralis minor to the lower border of the teres major is the third part. So this is the axillary artery. And we can trace the axillary artery all the way down the middle side of the arm, lateral to the axillary vein, and it continues on the middle side of the arm, accompanied by the median nerve, which is this is the median nerve which I had shown you earlier, and this continues into the, and you can see this is the brachial vein now, the artery now. And it goes into the cubital fossa, accompanied by the median nerve. The relationship in the brachial, in the cubital fossa is the biceps tendon is lateral, then the brachial artery, and then the median nerve. Tendon artery nerve, T-A-N. Thank you very much for watching, ladies and gentlemen. Have a nice day.


The final week of the high school girls hockey regular season is upon us and for Brainer Little Falls two games left to tune up in hopes for a deep postseason run. The flying Warriors are winners of three of their last four including an overtime victory Saturday back at home tonight. Section battle with Sartel Sack Rapids and we're going the visiting goalie had a long night. Jenna Neiman here with the shot. Flying Warriors try to knock it in but can't get to go. They're still up 1-0. Sabres though tie it up on this Brooke Walters goal. She's one-on-one with the netminder. We're all tied up going into the third. It offends a strong suit of the flying Warriors and Cheyenne Abir who knocks it in to take the lead. Big win for Brainer Little Falls tonight. They hold on to win 2-1.


Welcome. This is Melissa. I'm over the stock social radio in the market. So the market gap down today was lower and Then right when the market reversed today, I mean you can pinpoint it exactly a non voting Fed member came out and said He favors only raising rates a quarter of a point the next rate hike, which is happening in a couple of days Less than two weeks today's Thursday. So again, it's not next week It is the following week that rates will be raised once again Everyone's expecting a quarter point hike But then when some of the economic numbers came out that people were thinking the Fed was going to raise the rates a half a point Why the market rally today when one person who isn't even voting said he thinks he should do it a quarter is Just based on emotion this market is purely rate driven based on emotion It's one person says they're going to lower rates of rallies if one person says they're going to raise Rates it drops. This market is so it's just like anything right now rate related affects this market So it's so it's so timid in its reaction. It's just like it's scared to rally It's scared to drop somebody says something it reverses So again, did was there really any meeting or any weight to anything that a non voting Fed member said today? Absolutely not but the market once desperately always always always to get bought into these dips into support So it rallied today, even though it was capping down So if that man had not come out instead of today with the market have fallen today or sidelined. Yeah, probably Does this mean we're gonna rally tomorrow? No, does this mean we're gonna drop tomorrow? No again between now and until my next 24 hours Somebody could say something that could flip the market again or can make the market go higher I could do anything at all. You've got to stay focused on what you're doing You have to size yourself correctly. You have to get out when you're up You have to look at what you're doing with your strategy and see if it goes with this market So I look at bearish gaps and I look at bullish gaps, but I mainly focus on bearish gaps So overall here do I think this changes my overall bias here for the market this rally today? Absolutely not So again people love to buy the dips we rallied today We pushed back took a look at the market today had my thoughts on it discussed it in the room But then as soon as we flipped I immediately looked up what the reason was and it was clear as day It was about rates so this market just wants to react so aggressively Every time somebody says something because it's hoping and praying and wishing and hoping that it will hold up and Rally despite some of the awful economic numbers despite the high inflation despite the fact that we're probably going into recession in The second quarter of 2023 some people think we're we're in a recession. We're coming out of it I don't even think we've gone in it yet Where I think we're heading into it deeper economic troubles for the overall economy based on rates going up I also think that they're going to end up raising rates a half a point in two weeks if there's more bad economic data and That's the way the cookie crumble. So we'll say we'll say good luck everyone Stay tuned. We'll see where we go tomorrow morning And if you're interested in more information on how to trade gaps email me at Melissa the stock switch calm


A Rare Recording of Amelia Earhart Amelia Mary Earhart, an American aviation pioneer and author, was born on July 24, 1897. During an attempt to make a circumnavigational flight of the globe, Earhart and her navigator disappeared over the Central Pacific Ocean near Howlin Island on July 2, 1937. She was declared dead January 5, 1939. Earhart was the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. She set numerous other aviation records, wrote bestselling books about her flying experiences, and was instrumental in the formation of the 99s, an organization for female pilots. The following is a recording of her famous 1935 radio broadcast speech, A Woman's Place in Science. This modern world of science and invention is of particular interest to women, for the lives of women have been more affected by its new horizons than those of any other group. Profound and stirring has had been accomplishments in the remote fields of pure research. It is in the home that the applications of scientific achievement have perhaps been most far-reaching, and it is through changing conditions there that women have become the greatest beneficiaries in the modern scheme. Science has released them from much of the age-old luxury connected with the process of living. Candle dipping, weaving, and crude methods of manufacturing of facilities are things of the past for an increasing majority. Today, light, heat, and power may be obtained by pushing buttons, and cunningly manufactured and appealing products of all the world are available at the housewise door. Indeed, beyond that door, she need not go, thanks to the miracles of modern communication and transportation. Not only has applied science decreased the toil in the home, but it has provided undreamed of economic opportunities for women. Today, millions of them are earning their living under conditions made possible only through a basically ordered industrial system. Probably no scientific development is more startling than the effect of this new and growing economic independence upon women themselves. When the history of our times is written, it must record as supremely significant the physical, psychic, and social changes women have undergone in these exciting decades. The impetus of the sociological evolution of the... Sample complete. Ready to continue?


G'day, how are you going? My name is Tech and welcome back to my channel Bootlossophy. I acknowledge the traditional custodians of the lands I live and work on, the Wajik people of Nungabuja. Today I'm going to look at these Grant Stone diesel boots in Horween's Tan Essex Leather after over 12 months of not frequent but regular wear. This pair of Grant Stone diesel boots were bought at the end of 2021 and got into my hot hands in January 2022. You'll probably say they look almost new and yeah I don't wear them every day. With over 70 or 80 pairs of boots as it now stands, I don't get to wear any pair of boots every day, but I do make sure that almost every boot gets worn regularly, some more than most. This pair I'd say I put on maybe a couple of times a month. Not all of those times for a full day but they do get worn and usually though through an urban or office situation. They haven't tracked through mud or gone hiking but they've come through some heavy rain in the city where I live. If this is the first Grant Stone diesel boot that you've seen, it's a plain-toe dressy version of a service boot. It has the usual six inch tall shaft, block heel, open derby lacing system, it's good year welted and a reasonably slim profile toe box and rounded but still almond shaped toe. On the website the marketing photos show it as a very light colored and almost pink boot. In real life when it arrived it wasn't as light and it was definitely tan but it was still a light tan and over the last year still unconditioned it definitely has got darkened become a quite an orangey tan. When I bought them I was a little concerned that they might be the same as my pair of battle assy veg tan saddle tan diesels. Those started out quite orange I'll just pull it up. As you can see the saddle tan has darkened and deepened into a deep honey brown not orange at all anymore. These in tan Essex have moved over more to what the saddle tan looked like when it was new. I've actually already done a review of this pair and you can see it up here after four months away. You can watch that video after finishing this one and also compare what they look like to what they are now. In fact I also did an unboxing up here as well and you can really see how light they were when new. I'll link both videos below as well.  You'll also find a review of the saddle tan diesel so you can make an on-screen comparison. So having done a pretty comprehensive review of these boots at four months where I did my usual deep dive into the manufacturer and the construction I'm not going to do another deep review here but I thought it was worthwhile pulling them out again because these boots have shown perhaps one of the most marked changes in color, hue and character in all of my boots. Actually now that I think of it now my various pairs of boots in natural chromic cell depending on how old they are have also shown marked changes. So let's just say these have changed as much as those. Anyway in this video I thought I'd discuss how this boot has worn and after 12 months whether I still think they're worth it. Let's start with the upwards. I wish I was meticulous as some other people in various Facebook boot groups who announce how many hours they've worn a boot. Trust me these have been worn well and regularly if not every day. The leather is Horween's Essex Tannage in a color called tan. Horween as you know is a five generations tannery that started in 1905 based in Chicago in the US. They're probably most famous for producing chromic cell. They're combination tan leather that's used by practically every good boot maker around the world. They're also famous for producing shell cordovan that sturdy non-leather tanned from the muscular membrane just under the skin of a horse's bum cheeks. My understanding of the Essex leather is that it is the first tannage from the full grain bovine hide. The first tannage is a vegetable tan using Horween's shell cordovan tanning liquors. Then a blend of fats oils and greases are tanned into the leather to add durability to the tough veg tannage. It's a base tannage that is then further processed to make Dublin leather. Dublin uses the Essex base tannage and adds another rich blend of waxes that I understand is steam pressed to smoothen it out. If you didn't stop there another set of processes is then applied to Dublin leather to turn it into the Derby tannage. Derby is tumbled Dublin. Tumbling the leather softens it and opens up the grain a bit. It counts out a little more distress-looking and will accentuate the pull-up effect. Despite being veg tanned this Essex leather is way softer in the hand than the Badalassie Carlo veg tanned leather used in Grandstone's saddle tan boots. They're both about the same thickness but even with the full lining these are very comfortable because of their suppleness as opposed to the saddle tan which is sturdy and supportive comfortable. Not uncomfortably stiff just comfortable for different reasons support versus softness. It's creased a little worse probably because it's an unwecked tannage and seems to take on its use well. Patina at this stage is more about the creases and bows and bends is developed than any other scruffs or abrasions mainly because I don't use them that way. There is some patina discoloration but I think that's actually mainly due to moisture. By the way these haven't seen any conditioner yet and I'm going to give them some VSC after filming this. Water be warned though. When it rains this leather will show that water. Remember it's unwecked in the tannage and it will get blotchy and discolour. The first time it happens you will get a heart attack but after a few hours it dries out returns normal except maybe some darkening happens in a few places. You may not like the unevenness I do. Of course it's Goodyear welted which means despite the shock of discoloured wet leather I haven't had any moisture get into my socks or anywhere inside this boot and trust me when we have rainstorms in Perth in Western Australia they are tropical in volume and intensity. The welt is a flat welt. Rare in boots these days as people try to go rugged at storm and split reverse welts. A flat welt simply means that the welt is flat all the way around the boot and it doesn't flange up to push a ridge against the sides. This is US tanned, veg tanned flat welt and it's wheeled which means a notched wheel is run over it imprinting this sort of series of bumps or wheel marks. The effect is actually dressy in the overall scheme of the boots. The Leo last design is quite dressy anyway I think and the package is a dressier boot. There is an American veg tanned midsole not super thick four or five millimeters thick and the outsole is a rubber compound studded sole. As you can see it's Grant Stone's version of UK made day night studded soles. It has a series of mini studs set inside little wells. The idea is that the studs give grip and the surrounding well allows mud and dirt to fall away and not aggregate. I find the grip pretty good on urban surfaces like cement paving tarmac lawn carpet lino timber floors even in the wet I think slightly better than day night because it's slightly softer. I'll talk about comfort later. When I first took a look at this pair and even after the first four months I raved on about the quality control yeah made in China but I think most of us have got over the fact that quality is not geography and any remaining objections you have to where it's made or about disagreement with all that other stuff. But even so I have very few pairs of boots that rival the quality control of Grant Stone boots. After 12 months nothing has come loose nothing's fallen off delaminated got chipped. The stitching is still pretty darn good the stitching on the uppers the stitching on the good year well not just good pretty darn perfect. Not only no loose stitching no phrase from where perfect stitch density. The glues used are good in some of my boots there's been either some evidence of layer separation even at the beginning when they were new even if they haven't progressed since or there's been an increasing layer separation evident in the block heels for example as I wear them. In these nothing no movement everything that should be stuck together is still stuck together pretty firmly. Hardware no problem no shifting of eyelets or danger of popping speed hooks the backing on the eyelets and speed hooks have proved themselves. In leather this supple and light colored if they scratch you see scratches and marks on the tongues in these no scratches. In my earlier review I've already dealt with sizing of these so please don't ask me what size you should take in the comments below just go and check out that four month review. Anyway that'll help the YouTube algorithm for me and while you're at it don't forget to click on like and on subscribe but I will talk about comfort here though and update on how comfortable these are now would be useful I think. So comfort is a factor of sizing it right the last the leather and what's under your feet. Grant Stone's Leo last is a very comfortable last for me. It's not particularly narrower at the heel like some Parkhurst and Alden combination lasts but it is based on the founder's father's experience with dress and orthopedic lasts so it does grip the heel and waist well and then it broadens out at the ball of the feet before it curves into a generous almond shaped toe box. If you drew an outline around my feet Parkhurst 602 and this Leo last would fit right onto that drawing as for what's under your feet this is a veg tan leather insole cork layer filler a steel shank as well as what you can see on the outside. I mentioned earlier that the midsole wasn't particularly thick but with the combination of veg tan leather insole generous cork and the nearly five millimeter thick rubber outsole this is a lot of shock absorption whether to cushion your walking stride running for the basel just standing all day. I have different experiences in all of my Grant Stone boots I find the double thickness leather sole models for example best for shock absorption but difficult to break in at the flex point. Some of the rubber sole models I feel are thinner in that I seem to be able to feel more of the terrain under the boot these somehow are almost the perfect blend they cushion impact yet flexible they allow you to be conscious of a secure footfall. The supple uppers I've already dealt with but I have to mention the soft glove lining yeah sometimes it does get hot but the difference between these and unlined Dublin leathers that I have in say Parkhurst and Oak Street trench boots it's chalk and cheese. So after 12 months still scoring at least nine out of ten for comfort all around. What about looks? What do I think of the aesthetics after 12 months wear? Now I think the diesel is a really stylish boot it's sleeker and dressier than most other makes that don't straight up make dressy boots like say Carmina and some Alden models. In the silhouette it's pretty attractive and on this eye-popping orange tan and I I always get compliments from people passing on the street I really do. The fact that it has some evidence of patina only improves them that I think if there's anything I could be critical about it arrived a little shiny out of the box. I think Grandstone applies a little wax on their final inspection before they ship their boots out. If they do I wish they wouldn't on this model because it does apply a little sheen to what I think should be a more matte leather. The sheen is only just beginning to wear off now I expect when I condition it for the first time with Venetian shoe cream which is my intention it will shine up again and if it does I'm also going to apply little dubbing wax on it to improve waterproofness to seal it a bit and maybe to damp it down in in sheen. Now in my previous review I did deal with value but what do I think after 12 months and after Grandstone has increased prices? When I bought these they cost me 324 US dollars. I think I may have said at the time that I couldn't believe that price and they'd be worth up to a hundred more. I got castigated for that comment. What do I think now? Well on the website as I film they were 380 US dollars but they're on sale at 285 US dollars. I'm actually recording this sometime before I upload it because I'm going to get busy at work so the time it takes to edit this and everything else is going to take some time before I upload. So the sale may have ended or they may not even be available anymore because I usually find that if Grandstone discounts one or two models those models are about to go out of stock. Anyway I'll leave a link to their website in the description below if you want to take a look and I suggest you do. Overall going from 320 US to 380 US after over 12 months and that's pretty good. At 285 US that is insanely good value.  And that's it my in a nutshell re-review of these Grandstone diesel boots in Horween's 10SX 10-inch. I hope you liked it. You know what to do if you did. Click on like and if you haven't already click on subscribe as well. It really will help me to grow my channel and maybe contribute to my costs of taking the time out to make these reviews just for fun. And it'll help you too I hope because if my channel grows and if you subscribe you'll catch all of my other boot reviews deep dives into boot brands and maybe the odd comparison and best-of videos that hopefully will inform you in this wonderful wonderful boot collecting hobby of ours. Until then take care and I'll see you soon.


Just so you have this old general's perspective, teamwork to me is about really one of the most fundamental imperatives that you can have in an organization. If you think about the Army, nothing we do is really individually based, save maybe a handful of things, and it's probably firing your weapon and probably qualifying on certain things from a positional standpoint. But when you think in terms of what the Army does and how the fundamental building block of a unit from small to large, it's about the team. And so the more that we can focus on the team to make sure that really when you think about it, no warriors left behind, the warrior ethos and the whole process of that, I just think it's so important.


Hi, I'm Darlene from GoDaddy's How To. And I'm Emma from The Journey and we want to share with you how to be efficient while working from home. Being efficient working from home can be a challenge. There are tons of distractions, less accountability, and less communication than when you're working in the office. But that doesn't mean that it's impossible. There are lots of ways to keep yourself working productively from any location. Totally. And here are six ways you can start. One, stick to a sleep schedule. I know this can be tricky, especially when you might have the opportunity to sleep in now. Don't get me wrong. Everybody is really telling you that it needs some extra rest. I definitely support that. If you want to stay up late and wake up late, it's totally fine. But having that consistency is key. Designate a time when you're going to bed and when you're going to wake up each and every day. Not only will this help you, Zandrak, but it's also good for your body to have a consistent sleep schedule. Also, when the time comes to going back to the office, you won't have a difficult time adjusting. That's a good point. I didn't think about that one yet. Alright, number two, get ready each morning. Now that you're working from home, it can also be very tempting to stay in your PJs all day while you work. And there's no shame in that game. I've totally done that way before we needed to work from home full time. Even if you won't be interacting with another person all day, it's important to dress for success. You might even have a lot of virtual meetings, so it's important that you look presentable. Taking the time to get ready each morning will tell your brain it's work time, not relaxation time, and that'll give you a lot more energy. If you didn't normally get dolled up every day, this is still a great way to normalize your new routine of working from home. If you have a hard time motivating yourself to get ready in the morning, try laying out your outfit the night before and maybe planning outing that day just so you have to get dressed, get outdoors. Next, you'll want to create a separate workspace. It might be tempting to work from your couch, lounge chair, even from your bed, but this could take a huge toll on your productivity. Yeah, take it from me. Working from a consistent room, desk or chair tells your brain it's time to work, not relaxation. Try setting up a desk with a comfy supportive chair, a spacious desk and consistent workplace tools. Make sure to personalize your space, since you'll be spending a lot of time there. This also means setting boundaries for kids, pets or your spouse or roommates. Try to encourage them to leave you alone while you're working so you can stay focused. Try to keep the boundaries friendly and playful, but make sure you stick to them. One fun idea is to make a sign for the door of your office that indicates whether you're working or not. Number four, make a time block schedule. One surefire way to keep productivity up is to get smart about planning your day. Before you even start working, make sure you know what your priorities are for the day, how long you think it will take to get everything done and what you will work on if you have extra time. Extra time. You might find it helpful to take a few minutes before you go to bed to plan for the next day. You may find that you sleep better without the stress of planning in the back of your mind. If you find that planning before bed actually keeps you awake though, try making a plan for the day while you eat breakfast or exercise before work. Totally agree with that. And in your planning, schedule your day around your own natural cycles. Do the hardest work when you have the most energy for me that's in the morning and give yourself rewards and breaks throughout the day. And that's why it's so important to take breaks. Speaking of breaks, make sure that you make the most out of them. Step away from your workspace and get some fresh air. Grab a healthy snack and talk to another human being if possible. When you work from home, it's very easy to get so focused on your tasks that you might not take breaks.  Today, I did yoga at 10 a.m. And making time for those designated breaks will really help break up the day and create a good balance. Exactly. All of these activities will give you a reset, get your blood flowing and make sure that you're ready to tackle the next chunk of tasks. And last but not least, number six, setting an end time for your work day. This will depend on your workplace, but if you're working from home, you might have more flexibility on when you can start and end your day. However, it's important to create that and establish a time so that you're not working longer than you should and you're still maintaining that healthy work-life balance. Yeah, sticking to those boundaries is crucial because when you work where you live, boundaries can sometimes easily go out the window. Creating that time where you're done for the day and you can have some FaceTime with your family or friends, play some board games or whatever it is that you're not becoming a workaholic. You can do this and encouraging your coworkers to do the same can go a long way. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is difficult even when there isn't a major disruption to our life. We don't want this video to seem like this transition is so simple to do, but we do hope these tips are helpful to you and that you're able to use this time working from home to practice self-discipline and get stuff done. So stay safe. Stay healthy.


Okay, recording is on. Good, good, good. Good morning, everyone. Welcome to this course, BC 111 on Fate. Thank you for joining the class. I think others will be joining in as well. Thank you for connecting. We're going to pray, and after we pray, we'll get started, do a little introduction to the course, and we will spend time. Hopefully, we will cover chapter one today, right? So let's just pray together. I just want to request somebody just to lead us in prayer. Let me ask Lubega Collins. Brother Lubega Collins, would you be able to pray with us, please? And let us start. Father in heaven, we come before you. We thank you for this wonderful day. You know, we are not here because of our power or mighty, but we are here because of your grace. Lord, as we are going to start our lecture about faith, Lord, we call upon your Holy Spirit to guide us, to remind us, and also to enable us to do everything as per the direction of our dear master. So Lord, we do call upon also our friends who have not yet joined the class. Lord, please give them grace and favor to meet us when it's not yet too late. We do pray and believe that this class is going to go into peace, but not into pieces. We do pray in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ and everybody else. Amen. Amen. Thank you, Brother Lubega. God bless you. Thank you. All right. Welcome, everybody. Welcome to this class. Now, as we do all the course notes will be put up in the Classwork section of the Google Classroom, so you just have to download it from there. And also the recordings of these lectures will be available in the Classroom section. So if you want to go back and just review any lecture, you're welcome to do that as well. I'm just going to quickly go through the two PDFs that have been uploaded and you may have downloaded those PDFs already or you can download them and follow along. So this doc, the first PDF just gives us an overview of what we're going to cover in this course. Of course, this course is on fate, so we're going to be studying fate in detail, you know, just spending a lot of time studying what fate is. How do we exercise faith and how do we walk by faith in God? And so we'll be covering various aspects of faith as we have listed here. And the whole objective really is to enable all of us to learn how to walk by faith and of course the best way to do it is, you know, put it into practice. So while in this course we are studying from the Word of God, we are learning, we are understanding, I want to encourage each of us to begin to practice it. Just apply it in your life in small ways. In whatever ways you can, the things that we learn begin to apply it in your life and you will be able to grow in this. Some of you may be already familiar with teaching on faith and so this may add to what you already know and encourage you in your walk of faith. In terms of assessment, we'll have just three simple assessments, September, October, November, based on what we are studying. And these will be put up in the Classwork section in the classroom and you can just respond to the assessments over there, the grading scheme, you're all familiar with that. And we will be giving you the notes each week as we progress. We will give you the PDF and you can download it. I would also encourage you to download one of our free books, Speak Your Faith. It's available there at apcw.org slash books. In fact, I'd encourage you just download all our books and make use of it. They're all free.  So we're going to get started here, just giving an introduction to faith, to the whole subject of faith. You know, now, faith, it's an important theme throughout the Word of God. And why is faith important? You know, why is this whole aspect of faith important? And we will talk about, talk more about it, but just by way of introduction. I just want to mention a few things. You know, God gives us, gives to us freely by grace, but faith receives what God gives freely by grace. That's why in the Scriptures, you'll find grace and faith are so important. God gives out of his grace, faith receives what God gives in his grace. And God invites each one of us to come to him in faith and to receive by faith. So that's important for all of us because, you know, we shouldn't think and that, you know, things will just drop off on our lives automatically. Just because God is gracious, God is loving, it is true, God is gracious, God is loving, but then God wants us to pursue in faith and to receive by faith what he gives to us freely by grace. And that's why faith is important for us. And God is pleased when we do that. He's pleased when we pursue by faith what he gives to us freely by grace. God is pleased when he sees us doing that. The Scriptures tell us that, you know, without faith it's impossible to please God, or if you put it in the other way, faith pleases God. And so he wants us to pursue by faith what he's making available to us freely by grace and it pleases him when we do that. Now, some of you may know about Smith Wigglesworth. He may have read some of his sermons that have been put into books, but he was referred to as an Apostle of Faith and he was known to have made this statement. He said, God would pass over a million people in order to touch one person who has faith in him because faith gets the attention of God. So God passes so many people, there are so many people God could touch, but why does he respond? Why does he touch that person? Very often the answer is because of faith and God touches that person in response to their faith in him. Right, so that's why faith is important because it gets the attention of God. So, you know, whatever, you know, we want to receive from God, whether it's healing for our body, whether it's change in our life situations financially, change in, you know, things that are happening, overcoming temptation, overcoming the adversity, overcoming difficult situations in life, seeing the blessing of God over our lives, fulfilling the work of the ministry, every area of our lives, we have to do it by faith because the Bible says we walk by faith. That means everything we do, A to Z, everything we do in life, it has to come out of faith in God. Small things, big things, every area of our life, we have to cause faith in God to bear upon every aspect of our lives because we walk by faith. So these are some of the things we will emphasize as we go through the study on faith and we will, you know, get into the practical aspects. How do we exercise faith in God? How do we receive from God? How do we minister to people in faith? How do we handle situations in faith? So we will break it down and make it very simple, very practical. Right? So to get started, let's go to Hebrews chapter 11, verse one, and it's right there on the PDF. If you want to turn in your Bible, you know, and that's also, that's fine. We will start off just by looking at Hebrews 11 once, spend some time on it. And many refer to that verse of scripture as the Bible definition of faith. So it's good for us to, you know, try to understand it and see what it says. So could somebody please read Hebrews 11 one for us? Somebody could just... Now faith is being sure of what we hope for and certain of what we do not see. Amen. Thank you. So I'll just read this. This is from the New King James. It says, faith is the substance of things hoped for. The evidence of things not seen. I like to read it from the Amplified Bible and it's there in the PDF, the Amplified Bible, the Classic Edition. This is how it renders that verse. It says, faith is the assurance. And then in brackets it adds the words, you know, the confirmation, the title deed. Of things we hope for. Being the proof of things we do not see. And the conviction of their reality. Faith perceiving as real fact. What is not revealed to the senses. So first of all, and now let's just try to understand this. Now, just as a general introduction in the New Testament, we see the words, faith and the belief, faith and believe. You know, have faith in God or believe in God. Now you see the words, but what I want us to understand is that both these words come from the same root Greek word. Just that one is a noun and one is a verb, but they come from the same root word. So really faith and believing, they are really the same thing. Just that faith is a noun and believe is a verb, believe has to do with action. Faith is the key thing that you're having faith in or in. So, you know, and I've just written some statements here. One is believing is the act of having faith. You know, if you want to look at that, they mean the same thing. So we will use them interchangeably, but believing is the acting or the act of having faith. And faith, as we see it, it is, it is believing something with conviction and constancy. That means it's faith is credence that is believing something with conviction with that firm assurance, confidence and constancy. That means you're not changing over time. So faith is believing with conviction and constancy. Now, I want us to recognize that faith, while faith requires knowledge, that means you need to know whom you believe and what you believe. Faith is just doesn't stop there with knowledge. And sometimes we make that mistake, right? We, we think just because I know about something, I know about God or I know about his miracles. I know about his power. That means I believe it, not necessarily, right? The way you can tell you really believe is if we will act in accordance to it, right? So faith goes more than just knowing faith is our willingness to act according to what we know and believe, right? So faith really is action. We'll emphasize that as we go along. Now, I want us to look back here on Hebrews 11-1 and what are the two things that faith has to do with it? He's saying faith is the substance of things hoped for. Things hoped for and things not seen, the evidence of things not seen. So faith has to do with these two kinds of things, things hoped for and things not seen. Things hoped for means things that you're looking forward to, things you're desiring for, things that you, you know, you want to have hoped for, things hoped for and things not seen. That means these are unseen realities. So faith really has to do with things hoped for, things that are out in the future, things that are not there right now, but things that you really want to bring into this realm, into the now, things hoped for. Things desired for and things not seen, things that are unseen, things that are not in this natural realm. So faith has to do with these two things according to Hebrews 11-1. It has to do with things hoped for and things not seen. So let's get into some practical thoughts on that things hoped for. What do you and I hope for? You know, some of us may say, well, I am hoping that, you know, the promises that I'm reading in the Bible will be fulfilled in my life. That's a good thing. Some of us may say, well, I hope that, you know, the things that God has put in my heart, I will be able to achieve, I will be able to accomplish, there are dreams that I have. I want to see those dreams fulfilled. Well, faith works in relation to those things because those are things hoped for. Then some of us will say, well, you know, God has promised something, but it is a spiritual promise. It is in the spiritual realm. I want to see it happen. Well, things not seen, things in the unseen realm, faith is in relation to those things. But God has promised for us in the spiritual realm and we want to bring it into the natural realm. So faith concerns things hoped for and things not seen. It's in relation to those things. But what is faith in relation to things hoped for, in relation to things not seen? What is it? He says two things. It is the substance. It is the evidence. It is the substance. It is the evidence. Faith, what is faith? It is the substance. It is the evidence of things you're hoping for, things that you cannot yet see. But faith is the substance. It is the evidence of such kinds of things, things you're hoping for, things you cannot yet see in your life. But you want it there. Now, what is the meaning of the word substance? And the word evidence. The word substance, as you can see how they put it in the amplified Bible. And if you also look at the Greek, I've mentioned it in the notes a little below. The word substance simply means the groundwork, the firm. The word literally there are hypostasis. It means groundwork. It is the reality. It's the groundwork. But it also is a word in the Greek that was used to refer to title deeds. Title deeds means proof of ownership. When you buy something, you get a title deed for it. That you are the owner of it.   Or same thing with buying a car. You know, this car vehicle number this, this, this was sold to put your name. And that piece of paper is your proof of ownership. It says, you know, that thing belongs to this person. That's the title deed. So what, what this verse is saying, faith is the assurance. It is the confidence and it is the, it is the substance and it is the title deed, the proof of ownership of what? Of things hoped for. That means there are things I'm hoping for. Desiring for. I don't have it now, but I want that. I desire that. But my faith is the substance of those things. My faith is the proof of ownership of those things. That is my faith says, I have it. I have the substance of the things I'm hoping for. The thing I'm hoping for is actually out there. It's not here. I don't have it yet, but my faith is the substance of that. It's saying I already have it. My faith is the title deed of things I'm hoping for. That means it says I own it. But actually it's out there. It's things hoped for. But my faith is the substance. It's the title deed of what I'm hoping. And it is also the evidence of unseen things. That word evidence, if you look it up in the creek, it simply means conviction or proof conviction. So faith is the conviction of things not seen. That means I like the way the amplified Bible puts it. It says it is, it perceives as a real fact, what is not revealed to the senses. That means faith is the conviction of things not seen. They're still the spiritual realm. My senses don't recognize it, but I'm convinced about it. Because God said it. Because God promised it. So I'm convinced about it. Of things not seen. So what I'm going to do is I'm just going to repeat what I said about Hebrews 11 1 and after that I will pause and we will take some questions. So in case you want me to explain anything or have any questions, we will take it up. But let me repeat what I just said in Hebrews 11 1. We see the Bible definition of what faith is. We said that in the Bible, faith and believe come from the same root word. So except that faith is the noun and believe is a verb. So really faith is or believing is the act of having faith. And you know, we need to act on it. What we believe. Faith has to do with two things. According to this verse, things hoped for things not yet seen. Things hoped for things that you're deciding longing to have. Things hoped for things not seen thing. They're unseen things. They're not there yet. Yes, maybe in the spiritual realm. But faith is the substance of things hoped for that word substance. It's the groundwork. It's the reality. It's also means title deed proof of ownership. So the things that I hope you're hoping for, but your faith is the substance of it. Your faith is as good as you having it. Because it's a substance of that. And it is also the title deed. It's a proof of ownership of that things you're hoping for. But your faith is saying, I got it. And faith is the evidence, the conviction of things not seen. That means it's out in the future. It's unseen, but you're convinced. So that is right. It's your proof of ownership. It's your conviction of what you're hoping for of things not yet seen. So I'm going to pause at this moment. And I would like to take up any questions you may have on what we just looked at. Hebrews chapter 11 was one. Any questions, any thoughts on that? Any clarification you need? Was it clear? Did you all understand it? Any questions, please? Was it clear? Okay, go ahead. Did you have a question? Go ahead. Yeah, I was just, I don't know whether it will be covered in the subsequent chapters, but I was thinking what is the difference, the real difference between faith and hope? Yeah, so, yes, I think we have a chapter that comes up talking about faith and hope. But let me just give a brief few statements on that. Faith has to do with now. Hope has to do with the future. For example, we all have the hope of being with Jesus after we leave this world.  We have this hope that we will be with Jesus. It's a hope. Hope because it's not something we're expecting now. We know it's there in the future and we leave it there in the future. I am not by faith trying to pull that in the here. No, I believe it, but it's in the future. I'll leave it there. So that is a hope I have because I'm confident about it, but I've left it in the future. So hope is in the future. And I think Romans 8 explains that. I'll just give you one verse on that, Romans chapter 8. Romans 8 and verse 24 and 25. Romans 8, 24 and 25. Divya, you want to read that? Yeah, yeah, sure. Romans 8, 24 and 25. For we were saved in this hope, but hope that is seen is not hope. For why does one still hope for what he sees? But if we hope for what we do not see, we eagerly wait for it with perseverance. Yeah, so you're saying, if it has to do with the now, then that's not hope, right? Hope is what we do not see, and hope is something we are waiting for. But we hope inspires endurance, right? With endurance, we are waiting for it in the future. Whereas faith has to do with the now. That means God, there are things I desire, things I don't see, I want to bring it in now. Example, healing, right? So think about two things. Healing for our body versus a glorified body. A glorified body is something we hope for, meaning it's going to happen, but it's in the future. And I cannot bring it into the present because God will do that in his appointed time. Our bodies, our mortal will put on immortality and death will be swallowed up by victory, and we will have glorified bodies. But healing is something we can go after now because it's God's promise, right? So I can desire for it. Maybe if there's healing I need in a certain part of my body, I can desire for that because God promised it. It may be unseen, that means my physical senses may not at this moment experience it. But what is faith? The faith is the substance of things I desire. What do I desire? Healing. It's the conviction of unseen things, of unseen realities. What does it, what my natural senses don't perceive yet? Healing. And I'm convinced about it. So faith brings into the now what God has promised. Or faith brings into the now what I desire. Whereas hope leaves in the future what God has promised. Hope leaves in the future what, what, what, you know, what God has promised what we're looking for, right? So that is the difference. I hope I explained it. Yeah, yeah, Pastor, but both faith and hope, both of them require faith, right? Yeah, yeah, so both are important. Both are important. So let's put it like this. Hope is a precursor to faith. Hope is a precursor to faith. Hope pulls faith out of our hearts. So there is, there are elements that we hope for, which we leave in the future. But there are elements that we hope for, which we want to bring from the realm of hope into the now. Example, I hope to be able to bless people. That's a hope, which I want to be able to pull into the now. Right? That means I want to really bless people. Or I hope I will be able to, you know, minister God's word. I hope I will be able to pastor a church someday. Somebody may have a hope that, you know, I hope I can, you know, bless whatever, you know, we have hope. So that element, that aspect of hope, we want to bring it into that now. Yeah. Yeah. Thank you. Okay. All right. I see Paul's comment past. I think there should be a separate person assigned to admit people into the class. We're waiting for 30 minutes. Okay, Paul. I am sorry about that. But the way Google classroom works is we set up an auto. It has an auto admit feature. That means so we don't physically admit people. It's auto admit so you can come in. But I think what at least what I've observed is when I change the screen, that is when I go off this Google meet and I'm looking at the PDF or so, people tend to get stuck. The auto admit feature doesn't work automatically. And I think that's why this happens. So maybe I would suggest if you don't mind, join the class a few minutes before the class starts. So, you know, if the class is starting at nine o'clock, you can just join at eight 58 or eight 59. So then what happens is when I start the class and if I have to move to a PDF or if I have to move to another screen on my computer, you know, and sometimes the auto admit feature doesn't work, you can still you'll still be there. But there is nobody who's controlling it. It's an auto admit feature in Google classroom. Okay. So maybe that would be a good solution. Just join for a couple of minutes before the class starts. It should be fine. Then you won't get stuck, right? I hope that would be okay. Okay. God bless you, Paul. Thank you. All right. Yes. So, yeah, so that's a very interesting question about faith and hope and we need that, you know, like we all are familiar with first Corinthians 13. It says there is faith, hope and love. Faith, hope and love. And of course one day faith and hope will be done away with because everything, you know, we will be seeing the Lord face to face and only love will remain. But there is a distinction there between faith and hope. Both are important. And if you see really, as I said, there are things that we hope for, but Hebrews 111 says, you know, faith brings that hope into this realm. Faith is the substance of things hoped for. It is the title deed of things hoped for. Yeah. And faith is also the conviction of unseen things, things that are a natural sense to say, well, I can't feel it. I can't, you know, experience it right now, but faith is convinced about it.  And we will, we will come to that. So Hebrews 111 is a very beautiful definition of faith. Let me look at some other questions in the chat. Titus asks, sorry, can faith, sorry, your question is, can faith call a prophecy word in our life? I'm not sure if I understood that question of this. Can faith, did you mean can faith fulfill a prophetic word over our life? Is that what your question is? Yes, sir. Right. Okay. So I think the question is like a prophecy word. Okay. Okay. I'm trying to understand. Maybe this is what I understand from your question. Maybe somebody gives us a prophecy and I think your question is, can faith cause that prophecy to be fulfilled? Right. And that's important. Right. So faith is needed in order to fulfill prophecy or prophetic words over our life. I'll just give you two scriptures on that. One is second chronicles chapter 20 and worse 20. Again, it's a familiar words in second chronicles 20 and worse 20. The prophet there says, believe the Lord your God and you will be established. Believe his prophets and you will prosper. Right. Second chronicles 20 and worse 20. So we have to believe. We have to believe the prophetic word. And another scripture is first Timothy chapter one verse 18 where Paul is telling Timothy.  First Timothy chapter one and worse 18. Paul says. I want you to wage a good warfare with the prophecy spoken over your life. You know, so while prophecies are spoken, we have a responsibility. He must wage a good warfare. We must fight a good fight with those prophecies. Okay. So that's where faith comes in. Next question is from Titus. When does the faith, when does the faith hope for comes to reality? How much time does it take? That's an interesting question Titus. You know, there is, there is no like set time. We will see in scripture and we'll also see in our own experience that there is no set time. We can't say take five minutes, five hours or five days for something to be fulfilled. There's no set time like that. What the Bible does teach us is to have endurance until we see the promise fulfilled. You know, so Hebrews chapter six verse 12 and all of these scriptures we will be touching on. And as we, as we develop this course, it's good you're asking questions and it's good to repeat things as well. Hebrews six and verse 12, the Bible says, you know, follow the faith of those of all of the example of those who through faith and patience inherit the promises. You know, faith and patience inherit the promise. That means God has given a promise you have faith, but you need patience to receive it. So if you just look at two examples, example in Mark 11, we will be studying that Jesus cursed the fig tree. But when he cursed the fig tree, nothing happened at that moment. Nothing happened. Because he cursed the fig tree. He said, no fruit will grow on you. Now on, nothing happened. The disciples were there. They looked at it. Nothing happened. They kept walking. But the next day, the next day when they passed by, they saw the fig tree and it was dried up. And they were also excited.  So it didn't happen instantly. It didn't happen at that moment. But they, you know, we don't know, it may have, I don't know, it may have happened five minutes later. It may have happened 10 minutes later or whenever, but they just saw it the next day. But we can say it didn't happen instantly. They saw it the next day. So there was a time element there. But then you also think about Abraham. God gave him a promise and it took 25 years for him to have Isaac. You know, so there's a different time element than Hebrew 612 is actually pointing to Abraham says, follow the faith of Abraham who through faith and patience inherited the promise. So there's a time element. There's no fixed time. We just, you know, have to walk with God, right? I see now, Sid Kenu. How do we have the right amount of faith? So I would respond to that question. There's a question here by Sid Kenu asking, how do we know we have the right amount of faith because you said if you have faith as a mustard seed, you can move the mountain. I think there are two things to look at. One is, which we will learn. See, faith will produce. So if your faith is producing, then you know you have the right amount of faith. If your faith is not producing, then like Paul wrote to the Thessalonians, that we need to find out what is lacking in our faith. This is 1 Thessalonians 3 and verse 10. I'm just referencing 1 Thessalonians 3 verse 10. Paul says, you know, he's writing to Thessalonians. He says, you know, I want to perfect what is lacking in your faith. So if our faith is not producing, means to ask God, God, what is lacking in my faith? Because Jesus, if you have faith, it will move the mountain. So the one way to know that there is that faith is, is it producing? If my faith is not producing, then I need to go to God and say, God, what is lacking in my faith? And that's what Paul writes to the Thessalonians, verse Thessalonians 3 and 10.  And we need to have that happen to us. That word perfect means to fill up, you know. So you can imagine a cup, water, maybe is three fourth away. It's not full. There's something lacking. And so, you know, you fill it up so that it's full, right? So you bring it to completion. So Paul is telling them, you know, we need to find out what's lacking in the faith. So we do that as we go through, we will learn how to fill that up so that our faith can produce. So one way to know that you have the right amount of faith is, is your faith producing? If it's producing, then you have the faith that you need. The other thing also is that faith goes through a process of maturity, right? You know, the same word perfect that's used here in Thessalonians 3, verse 10. You also see in James chapter 2. And again, we will be looking at all of these things as we journey through faith through this course. I'm just answering questions in James chapter 2 and verse 22. James 2, verse 22. James is writing about the faith of Abraham. And he says, by works, faith was made perfect. By works, faith was made perfect. That means his faith came to a place of perfection, a maturity through works. So sometimes we start off with faith, but we need to do some works. We need to act of faith. We need to put our faith into action so that the action brings our faith to a level of maturity that it can produce. So if I find that there's something lacking in my faith, what can I do? James 2, 22 says, our works bring our faith to maturity, to a place where it can produce. So if my faith is not producing, how do I perfect what is lacking in my faith? One of the ways is I need to start acting on my faith because through my actions, my faith is brought to perfection, to a place where it can produce. So I hope, did we all understand that? Is it okay? So we will be covering all of these things in depth as we go along, but I'm just touching on it because you've asked some questions. Very good. So what we've done so far is Hebrews chapter 11, verse 1. Faith has to do with two things, things hoped for, things that you are desiring, things you're hoping, things hoped for and things not seen. That means it's not there right now, sorry, it's not there right now in your life, things not seen, your senses cannot perceive it. But faith has to do with those kinds of things. And what is faith? It is the substance or the title deed. It is the substance of things hoped for. You're hoping for it but faith says I have it. It's almost like I can feel it, I can touch it, it's where is it? It's in my heart, right? So faith is the substance. Your faith is the substance of things you're hoping for. You know, it's a hope but you've got the substance of it. For you it's a real. Or like we said that same word means title deed, proof of ownership. So in your heart you're saying I have it. When somebody says how do you have it? Give me proof. My faith is my title deed. My faith is my proof of ownership. My faith says it's mine. My faith is the substance of what I'm hoping for. My faith is a title deed. It's the proof of ownership of what I'm hoping for. That's faith. And secondly, Hebrews 11-1, faith is the conviction of things not seen. And you can't see it. Your natural senses say I can't feel it. It doesn't seem like it's there. But faith is convinced about it. It is mine. I have it. So that is faith. Faith is the substance, the title deed. Faith is the conviction, the confidence, the assurance in our hearts. Is that okay? So we're going to build upon this. We will take a quick break. And we will come back in 10 minutes. And we will build on this further. Any questions, please feel free to ask. So let me just quickly answer Elisha's question. And then we will go for a break. So Elisha has a question. How different is this faith? What we're discussing from the gift of faith. We talked about in 1 Corinthians 12. That's a good, very good question. So what we will learn as we journey through this course is, and what we're dealing with is our personal faith. Faith is each one of us have been given a measure of faith. So Romans chapter 12 and verse 3. Romans 12 verse 3, we will be looking at it. God has given to us a measure of faith. So every person has been given faith. Faith is in your heart. It's there. You have the ability to believe God. And then you nurture your faith. You grow your faith in God. The gift of, so that faith you carry in your heart all the time. It's your faith in God. It's in your heart. The gift of faith, which we read in 1 Corinthians 12 verse 7 through 11, is a supernatural momentary impartation of faith in God to achieve a certain task. So the gift of faith is given to you at a certain moment by the Holy Spirit for you to believe God. But it's momentary, meaning it's given to you for that moment of time. And it is for a specific task to minister to somebody in a certain way. So the gift of faith, it's there. You operate it. I mean, it works and then it's gone. Whereas your personal faith is something you grow in, you walk in, you nurture. So what we are going to learn about in this course is about our personal faith. How do we grow in our faith and how do we walk in it? So this is faith you can use any time. Whereas the gift of faith is given to you by the Holy Spirit at that moment to minister to somebody. So example, if you're ministering, you know, if there's a person who's sick, the Holy Spirit imparts faith and you just minister to that person in faith. You declare the word to him and say, we got the Lord Jesus Christ heals, you rise up and walk. That's a momentary impartation of faith in your heart to minister that way to that person.  You're not speaking from the top of your head. You're releasing faith and you're speaking that because there was a gift of faith given to you and you speak it. And it causes that thing to take place in their lives. So that's the difference. One is momentary. One is something you have all the time. Right. One last question is faith, a gift of God or a fruit of God. So a faith is something that God puts in our hearts, but we develop that we grow in it. God sort of Romans 12 3 God has dealt to each one a measure of faith. So God gives it to us, but then we grow in that we develop that faith. Right. So God gives it. You're saved by grace through faith, which God has given to us, but we develop our faith in God. We grow in God. Okay. We'll talk more about that. Rebecca. Okay. All right. So let's take a 10 minute break and we'll come back right after a break and continue this. And we'll take up more questions. There are more questions. Okay. God bless. Thanks.