Welcome to the Adam does movies podcast. I'm Adam and today we're going to be talking about movie trilogies or Lack there of that's right. I've prepared for you 10 films that had to at least decent if not amazing starts or grossed enough to Potentially have a third film and Hollywood dropped the ball. They pulled the plug something happened Something that's worth. I think wildly speculating on so I have prepared 10 because we always do 10 We do top 10s much like we do trilogies That's just the natural order of things in the world and when it doesn't come to be well, you know You get ruffled feathers you get people a little bit up in arms, and I know I'm one of them I've been dwelling on some of these films that haven't had a third movie since the beginning of time Since birth I came out. I was like, why do we not have sister act 3? Well, I'm getting ahead of myself Let's begin the list And I want to I want to start by saying by kind of like Prepping this whole thing by saying I'm not feeling great.   He's ground zero He's brought this disease into our household. We've remained cold free for like two years It's been honestly a miracle and my 11 year old son decided hey I'm gonna be in basketball now at the YMCA and I'm gonna be in kids faces breathing Touching each other doing all sorts of things that are bringing the body harm And now he's brought me harm and I can feel it coming in.  These videos will be scheduled out.  No false Adams not okay at all Adam's nursing a cold. He's a nurse in a headache. Can't talk to save his life I can barely talk how it is but okay enough of that. Let's begin with the first one I teased it sister act three. Where is it? Everybody wants to know where is the third sister act? Where's whoopee? I Know she's doing the view or I think she is still I'm not actually sure what she's doing But she's got to get back right in the habit for the third time these movies. I did I did take notes Sister act to pulled in 124.6 million dollars at the box office and that's off a paltry 38 million dollar budget So this thing tripled its investment. It definitely made enough money the original pulled in 231.6 million. There's a cash cow cash penguins really since it's about the nuns Whoopee has gotten on record just recently because there has been a buzz about sister act three potentially going to Disney plus Which is where good films go to die She says she will not reprise her role as sister Mary Clarence unless Maggie Smith returns Maggie Smith who's a spry 88 years young right now. I'm not sure she can get out of bed very well in the morning I love Maggie Smith, but what are we doing here? Whoopee?   She's acted her heart out for many years. Let McGonagall Take a rest But if she's up for it.   What are we doing anymore Wayne? You're looking out for your health. No, look out for my humor. Look out for my entertainment All right, so sister act three is on my bucket list it potentially is happening on Disney Plus and then we all lose All right, next up Hellboy 3. This is no this is no Victoria's Secret that del Toro Beniche del Toro and Ron Perlman have been wanting to make that wait. Is it Beniche del Toro? That doesn't sound right. Let me look that up Benit Beniche Don't know to spell it Benicio del Toro Yeah, Benicio del Toro. That's probably also not how you pronounce it, but you know It's what you're gonna get with me here Benicio del Toro and Ron Perlman have wanted to make a third Hellboy for a long time What I noted is its face setbacks including financial troubles and other project commitments. That's very laissez-faire Despite the director and Ron Perlman's enthusiasm Hellboy 3 was ultimately shelved due to a lack of financing and studio support and of course they rebooted in 2019 with David Harbour Not good Not a good film But the first two Hellboys are I really I really dig them Hellboy, I think the first is a little stronger actually than the second in my opinion But I still really would like a third to come out, but I don't think it's gonna happen at this point Fantastic Four The gift that never really gave Fantastic Four there was two of these movies by Fox Studios the film grossed. This is the sequel 301.9 million worldwide That's off a budget of 120 to 130 million that's what I noted so the movie the movie didn't do Great numbers, but it's still I think turned a profit you double your financial investment Sometimes you have to like two and a half times your investment So yeah, it's it's on the precipice of making money. I've said precipice twice already in this podcast That's how you know, I'm not feeling well Due to 20th century Fox's disappointment with the box office return of rise of the silver surfer, which is of course the sequel to the original a potential third Double f is what I'm gonna call it for this one time only Film and a silver surfer spin-off were canceled. They were doing it They were they had the cojones to do a silver surfer spin-off. What is going on over at Fox?  Remember Wolverine had the spin-offs. Magneto was supposed to get a spin-off They were probably gonna do a spin-off of professor x and toad and jubilee and beast and uh The puffer fish guy from the third movie everybody's getting a spin-off over there except for no one is That's unfortunate. So yeah fantastic for One and rise of the silver surfer Um, they're not good They're watchable kind of hot masses. I don't find them like either of them too insultingly bad. They're just kind of like You know chris one of the chrisses is in it evans captain america. He's the human torch. He's really funny Johnny storm. I believe is the the the character name you have uh jessica alba These are really at the end of the day jessica alba vehicles for me. I'm only there to watch her Which is ironic because she's playing the invisible woman The dude from the shield is the rock guy. What's his name? Michael chick less He's in them And then the guy from nip talk one of my favorite lines in the first Movie is I always wanted power. It's so weird how that actor Says that phrase. It's not like I always wanted power Or I always wanted power. It's I always wanted power Just this like nonchalant obvious kind of turn of phrase. Okay. Oh god. My nose is itch, you know You can do audio on this podcast or you can do the visual versions to get to see me like itching my nose Sniffing wiping snot coughing gagging Thrusting maybe I did watch showgirls recently and roasted that so I'm all about the thrust Okay, we got hellboy done fantastic for it.  These next two on my list both came out the same year the sequels did and they came out Seven years nay nine years They're their first their first installments. So since city three came out in 2014 along with 300 rise of an empire rise of 301 was in like 2007 or something like a long time ago in a galaxy far far away Okay, um, ultimately the film since city two grossed 74.1 million off of a 40 million dollar budget Overseas the film grossed 84.6 for a total of 158.7 million dollars. That's since city three That movie did make Not very much Um, and not I mean 40 million dollar budget It made 158 million. That's actually pretty good That's that's more than enough to get a third installment I think but no it didn't happen and that's probably fine because it wasn't very good the sequel I like since city the original quite a bit It is one of those cases where the trailer was so freaking good That the movie did let me down a little bit in comparison But the first since city trailers one of my favorites It's Dan Ernie Has this awesome rock soundtrack Black and white noir style footage. You got bruce willis pulling out a gun Grabbing on to his bum ticker. Uh, it was just alba's strip teasing. I mean my god I noticed there's a lot of alba on my list already I mean that that seems fair no spy kids on here though because they made they made a spy kids four With jessica alba and it's the only one I haven't seen although. I don't know if that new one's out on netflix yet They rebooted spy kids With the original director again, robert rodriguez. He rebooted his own movie series It's bold and it looks incredibly lame All right, let's talk about 300 rise of an empire So since city great since city two not so much I think it might be better than rise of an empire though. I couldn't even get I tried watching 302 Rise of an empire not that long ago with my wife She was pretty much checked out when she when she saw that jarred butler was not in it I mean that was kind of mostly why she likes the first one So then after that going away and seeing that the new lead character was really kind of a Like a pathetic shell of a man. It didn't do anything for her. Eva green was enough for me to stay invested But not much so 300 rise of an empire gross 106.6 million in north america And 231 in other territories with a full total of 337.6 million I don't know why I needed to write down all these numbers And the budget was 110 million. So yeah, there there's enough. I think of a Of a financial gain To to allow for a third and funny enough when I did look up 303 Zack snider reveals in an article that he wrote a third and final chapter as it were of 300 But studio warner brothers passed because the tentatively titled blood and ashes Really didn't fit the third movie of the franchise and the right to say that because zack snider himself admits that Blood and ashes really isn't a 300 movie. It's about king arthur and it's a love story And it kind of goes on a tangent a different area and he wrote it during a cobit times So yeah, they were probably right to pass. I also think zack sniders not a very good writer He co-wrote the first 300 of course based on the frank miller novell graphic novel I think doing your own thing is a mistake when it's snider sniders decent at Helping out in the writing department and obviously is a vision and he's good behind the lens of a camera and direction and whatnot But no, let's keep him away from pen and pad if possible. It doesn't sound like 303 is going to happen anytime soon They'll probably reboot at some point because there's money to be made in those mountains We got gremlins 3 next god what a banger of a soundtrack When released into theaters, this is what I wrote. I assume it makes sense on june 15 1990 gremlins 2 the new batch Was a box office disappointment grossing only 41.5 million on a budget of 30 to 50 million Yeah, that's not making enough money. The original gross 212.9 Million dollars in 1984 84 to 90 so you have a six-year gap in between that's too long That's too much time passing by not helping matters as the sequel was way more off the wall Looked a lot different than the first one which was more of a horror comedy The sequel's just like a straight-up parody comedy of itself I enjoy both of them immensely for very different reasons But uh, obviously main state like mainstream fans did not because they didn't check it out That seems like a cut and dry reason why we don't have a third one. But wait There's more I am db less as I looked up gremlins 3 Curse of the mogwai is a sequel of gremlins 1984 What it's a sequel gremlins 1984 Okay, what are we doing here? It was written by chris columbus. All right. He's directed a lot of good stuff harry potter For instance and carl elsworth and counts on steven spielberg as its executive producer It is scheduled for release december of 2023. Yeah, that did not happen That is not happening for sure. That's this year. I am db. I don't think so homie don't play that We're only a few months away from that brah. There's nothing on gremlins 3 So this is what we call a placeholder movie thing and i am db. It's called the placeholder holder movie thing That's the technical term.  There was an animated show that hit netflix just recently It looks atrocious in my opinion. It's a kitty kind of take on gremlins About about gizmos past or something. He's fighting monsters. It really doesn't resemble anything To do with gremlins. It's just weird and I can't talk again. All right. We are getting there national treasure 3 How did this not happen and some of you might might be saying but adam there is a national treasure 3 It's on disney plus and it stars a strong female lead And for the national treasure franchise, let's be honest It's about time Nobody watched that movie Nobody wants to see a movie that has a different strong male lead that isn't nicolas cage. This is a cage vehicle We like him going over the top Talking about stealing the declaration of independence Having his indiana jones esque ventures in the city with his ragtag crew of people I don't want some descendant of his or a daughter or whatever the hell they came up with And I certainly don't want it straight to disney plus because those are synonymous with garbage nine times out of 10 So what happened original came out in 2004 it grossed 347.5 million Book of secrets came out in 2007 a nice three year gap. That's good And book of secrets not to be confused with book of shadows, which was a Blair witch project a sequel That's not on the list. I don't think they made a Blair witch 3 I know they did like a a reboot. I think Blair witch it was just called again Maybe that was the third one. You never know with hollywood naming conventions if it's a sequel a reboot A soft Reboot as it were there's there's different terminology a sidequel A prequel a proquel Okay, uh, where was I at six months later? Okay, so after the sequel comes out It's announced six months later that producer Jerry Brackheimer Confirms national treasure 3s in development, but according to nicolas cage himself The underwhelming performance of a few of his other movies unrelated to national treasure kind of tamed down excitement and expectation and disney decided to walk away I haven't seen any concrete evidence as to why disney pulled the plug on a third national treasure Because the second one actually made more than the first Outside of some of the others on this list. That's a rarity a lot of the movies that i've talked about so far The sequel did not generate as much Um, so you have a you have a movie franchise. That's very much full stream ahead Full steam ahead as well stream and steam at the same time and then you pull the plug.  I just rewatched it with my son. He was super excited to see an r-rated comic book movie That it was really cool second movie. We have not watched yet. I remember being very underwhelmed by it very disappointed Especially since jim carries in it kind of playing a cool tough as nails brawler The what do we have? We have a three-year gap on these ones too I don't believe von came back for the sequel. He directed the first one matthew von He did not do the sequel which looked noticeably worse on all fronts worse music Worst visuals. It seemed like the budget was slashed. I don't know what happened. Also all the actors aged like 12 years In the span of three years. Chloe grace marettes went from a like an eight-year-old to a 22-year-old. It is crazy The the leap in their physical appearance in between movies It was it's nuts. And so that doesn't translate well well for hit girl either So what what do you do if you make a kick ass three now? Chloe grace marettes is like 30 some years old She's playing hit woman at this point Maybe there's something like that in the comics they can play off of but this just does not look like it's going to happen Let's see what we got here sequel only made Despite receiving mixed reviews. Oh wait, I kind of like wrote this down wrong. What do we earn?  Why is there a bug in here? Get out of your bug Okay, it earned 60.8 million on a 30 million dollar budge short for budget the first film gross 96 million okay So these movies don't do like amazing numbers, but they're they're cheap to make right practical effects for the most part Okay, not too long ago This was back in 2021 I believe things looked hopeful that the wheels would again be begin cranking to life on kick ass three In the span of a single month Miller indicated that previous hopes for kick s3 at least as fans anticipated it Were all but dead while Matthew Vaughn in a separate update told collider that a big reboot was in the works in two years time around right now Around right now describing it as so fucking nuts that I can't talk about it I believe what they're waiting for is to get the rights back So there's been a lot of exchanging of properties and who owns what disney probably owns kick ass at this point I don't know. I could look I'd rather speculate and make other people do the work for me Maybe I just don't care that much kick ass I think was good enough Even in the sequel department that it could have got a third, but maybe at this point it is best to just start over This is one of the biggest head scratchers of all The amazing spider-man 3 now Don't get me wrong. I don't like the amazing spider-man 2 In the slightest visually it looks pretty fantastic, but I think the story is a disaster. I think pretty much everything else about it's kind of miserable It's way too long. It's way too melodramatic not for me even though I like the the toby maguire ones Those are incredibly over the top dramatic Regardless This movie made seven hundred and nine million dollars How would you pull the plug when a movie's making that much money? Sony looked at it and thought okay. Well the fan reception is terrible It actually made less than the original amazing spider-man Which was in the eight hundred fifty million dollar range and the american sales only accounted for like 30 percent of the gross So americans are losing interest in this property It's making less than the original so by all you know accountants is going to do worse every time They did however introduce the sinister six They kind of mcu'd this thing built up a lot of characters for the third installment and going forward So you would imagine that like throwing dr Octopus back in And some of these other more popular characters would get people to the theaters, but no Sony said we're not doing it. We're gonna start over and now we have venom and And and morbius and all these trash movies that they're putting out because they don't really care about the quality It turns out it really is about the bottom line And they do have very high expectations for how their movie properties perform and for sony spider-man is major Major mula. They need that guy to perform at his top And if he's not We just reboot again just keep rebooting until that fucker gets the web that web money that we need The last one and this one is truly kind of sad for me. I'm bummed. They haven't done it yet, but sherlock homes three Where is the trilogy completion? I like these movies guy richie did a good job robert downey jr. Is always wonderful He plays well with jude law as homes Rachel mcadams is nice in the first one and oddly goes missing right away in the second one I really don't know what happened there.  I mean, we're talking to glorified cameo Regardless game of shadows came out in 2011 These films both each brought in both each that's redundant. They both brought in Over 500 over half a million half a billion over half a billion dollars each This is a very solid property That's ripe for more robert downey isn't losing a step. He was just in Uh oppenheimer barbenheimer recently.  Come on Let robert downey do this again and come on guy richie needs a win He needs a box office win I haven't seen the covenant or whatever the hell his last movie was called. I heard it's really damn good And I do intend on watching it soon Just haven't found the right time yet in between all the other stuff. I'm doing but it is on my radar But financially, I don't think it did very well. So we need guy richie back making money We need robert downey back with the with the jacket on the top hat the pipe solving mysteries Those are my 10 now. I do have a bonus a double feature of sorts because I think these movies are just stupid fun And it'd be nice to get a little bit more We have escape from new york slash la two movies basically One movie escape from la is kind of a soft reboot of escape from new york same basic plot different location um, I wanted an escape from I don't know canada escape from las vegas would actually be pretty cool. It's gonna escape from las vegas in the mix Um, and I want I want snake plisken back.    What's amy doing?  Get amy adam's back in the mix Bring crank back home. All right. Let us have some fun with this again And if you don't know what the crank movies are that's okay, too They're basically the transporter again, but somehow even more insane All right, those are my top 10 plus the bonus trilogies that never got resolved that I guess you know what some of these I don't care that they got resolved I just kind of scratch my head as to why they didn't like national treasure three like the amazing spider man three like, uh hellboy three I mean, I guess hellboy two didn't do very well, but Del Toro is a big enough name and I think that with the technology where it's at They could make something pretty damn cool on a decently small budget if they wanted Anyway, those are my thoughts.  Tell me adam This is a third movie they never made and I want to know why or I can't believe they didn't finish this off They had a good thing going where are we at with the third movie put it in the comment I do push these out on spotify apple podcasts other podcasts every morning on monday at 8am So if you want to hear it early, you can hear it there first on youtube I do the the video premiere thing where I'm in the comments chatting with you on the live chat And we're watching this together or listening together whatever and that usually goes up around noon So you're gonna have a nice lunch with me. We'll have a nice meal together All right, that's it if you want to support the channel You can join me on patreon at patreon.com slash adam does movies become a member there You get exclusive access to 300 videos and counting Plus you get to throw out a roast recommendation on my youtube channel where I roast terrible movies If you're a mithral level member same with on youtube be the youtube join button So there's ways to support the channel Ways to give back and uh, hopefully you do because I have a feeling i'm gonna be knocked out So a couple extra patreons or youtube join members a little extra support might heal me faster Hopefully that's the case. All right, take care


What kind of interview questions would you expect if you interview at Google? The first type of question is about what's your favorite product? For example, question number one. What's your favorite non-Google product? How to improve it? What's your favorite non-digital product? How to improve it? And how to include Google Maps? If you want to see my sample answer, you should check out this video right here about me answering the question, what's my favorite crypto product?


Hey, this is Brett and this 2023 Jeep Wrangler Sport S package is stock number 23J12. I am here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, your new and used Jeep and Jeep Wrangler headquarters. This 2023 Jeep Wrangler Sport S has the 2-liter turbocharged 4-cylinder engine, puts out 270 horsepower and 295 foot-pounds of torque. It's paired up with the 8-speed automatic transmission. It's going to get you 24 miles per gallon on the highway, 21 city for an average of 22 miles per gallon. Now, this one doesn't have a tow package, but if it did have the tow package from the factory, it would be capable of towing up to 3,500 pounds. Over zenith is the color, paint coat is PSE, and I'm going to go all the way around in this video show you all the options on this particular Jeep and go over the original window sticker and just give you a good idea of the overall looks and styling and options on this particular Wrangler does have the factory fog lights, the seven-slotted grille, you do get the little Jeep logos in the headlights there. Comes with the black plastic fenders, painted alloy rims, and it does have Michelin LTX tires. These are 245 75 R17s, kind of have an all-terrain tread pattern to them, or kind of a highway tread pattern, just a normal pattern to them. You get the little sandals in the shroud there, the Jeep climbing up the window does have the doors that can be removed with the Torx 50 bit, actually I have a video showing you how to take your doors off of your JL Wrangler if you want to check that out, that's in the upper right hand part of the screen. Here is the original window sticker, I'm not going to go through everything so feel free to pause it, 2023 Jeep Wrangler four-door Sport S, four by four, silver zenith is the color, two liter dual overhead cam I4 engine, eight-speed automatic transmission, everything on your left there is your standard equipment, and then your optional equipment starts with the silver zenith clear coat, which is 495, customer preferred package, the 22S package is a $3,200 option, that gives you the 17 inch silver painted aluminum rims, deep tint sunscreen windows, power heated mirrors, keyless entry, sun visors with illuminated vanity mirrors, also gives you the convenience group with the universal garage door opener or home link, $795 for that, has the cold weather group which gives you the heated seats, remote start, heated steering wheel and leather wrap steering wheel, which is a $1345 option, and then the eight-speed automatic transmission is $2,000, anti-lock four-wheel disc brakes and select speed control, you get a credit for connected services delete, and then it total MSRP is $44,130 to get your summit price, and the upper right hand part screen is a link to our website to get the pricing and availability on this Wrangler, $336,000 bumper to bumper, five-year 60 powertrain, there's your miles per gallon, 24 highway 21 city with an average of 22, and four stars for front crash and three stars for roll over, it's not really rated for anything else, probably because it's considered a convertible, so you can see this one does have the soft top, it's the really nice canvas material on there, coming around to the back, you get the plastic bumper back here as well, matching spare tire and wheel, back storage area, plenty of room back here, get a storage bin underneath there as well, get holders for your door hinges, and if you had a hard top you would have spots for your roof bolts, but this one is the soft top, you get the JL badge on the back there, that looks good, take a look at the interior, like I said this is the sport package so it's kind of the entry level, but it's a sport S, so I always want to show all the trim levels of the Wranglers that we get in here, black cloth interior, remember these seats are heated, driver's seat height adjust, factory floor mats, this one does have auto headlamps, power mirrors, power locks, those mirrors are heated, and take a quick look at the back seats, get the latch child safety system back here for any child car seats you may have, and these headrests go down as well as the seat goes down almost completely flat which is really nice, and what I like is that the headrests can stay down so if nobody's sitting back here you get better visibility out of the back, factory floor mats back here, and child safety locks on the back doors, check out the instrument cluster, you get the Wranglers sport animation at the beginning there, this one has the digital speedometer and obviously the odometer there, also has a compass display in the upper left, get the heated leather wrapped steering wheel, part of that cold weather group, cruise controls on the right, Bluetooth and information center controls on the left, and you do get the audio controls on the back of the steering wheel, this one does have the Uconnect 7-inch radio, AM, FM capabilities, you have all your different apps on here including your heated seats and heated steering wheel, this is also where your backup camera shows up, so you can do that backup cam, and they've made them HD so you can see just how nice and crystal clear that is, and then you have all your different controls and your settings and everything that you can do with the radio, down here your climate controls including your heated seat buttons, your start-stop capabilities, your stability control, your crawl control, power windows, you get a media center with a USB, USB-C and an AUX jack, 4x4 shifter, 8-speed automatic transmission, you do get a little jeep on the top of that, and your keyless entry has the remote start, the flipper key, and it's definitely a nice chunky key fob, really like that, and there's actually a place for that key fob, sits nicely right there, notice you get the gray kind of mineral gray dash trim, they're always different on the sports, it's always this mineral gray, on the Rubicon it seems to be the the red, and then on the Sahara's it's the leather, you can see how that soft top looks on the inside, and then you do get home link buttons right there, we'll start it up, I'll show you under the hood and then we'll do a final walk around with all the lights on, starts right up, as it should with a brand new vehicle, under the hood is the two-liter dual overhead cam turbocharged four-cylinder engine, 275 horsepower, 274 horsepower, 295 foot-pounds of torque, paired with the 8-speed automatic transmission, there is your emissions sticker, so a really good looking Wrangler here, I'm actually gonna clamp these down, give me a second, you see that, push it down, put it like that, and then put it like that, do a final walk around here with all the lights on, I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today, and hopefully from this HD video you got a good look at this particular Wrangler, checked out all the options, make sure it's got everything you're looking for, you do get the LED license plate lights, brand new, looks good, thanks for checking out the video, remember to like, subscribe, and share on the YouTube channel, and to see more pictures of this Jeep or one of our other 550 new and used cars, trucks, SCVs, minivans, Wranglers, you name it, we got to go to that website right there, summitauto.com, full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summitauto.com, and if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summitauto, remember to like, subscribe, and share on this video and all the videos that you see there, click the bell notifications and get updates on the videos I do each and every day here at Summit Automotive. In fact, in a second you will see a link to subscribe to my YouTube channel in the upper left, a link to more Wrangler videos that I've done in the upper right, a link to this vehicle on our website in the lower left, and a link to one of our latest YouTube videos in the lower right, click those, check us out, we're super excited to be offering the 2023 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Sport S package in silver Zenith clear coat, thanks again for checking out the video, remember to like, subscribe, and share on the YouTube channel, I really appreciate it, thanks again.


In the past couple of videos we've been building different parts of a water system. We went over water pumps, water solenoid valves, pressure sensors, water flow sensors, and more. In this video we're going to be going over this L298 motor driver which we'll be replacing our relay from our first video that we made with the water pump. The L298 motor driver, which I'm going to call driver, is like a controller for electric motors. Using D'Arduino you can give this driver commands. You can make sure the motor goes forwards or backwards and then you can control the speed of that direction going faster or slower. And you could do each motor individually. With our old system we had a relay to turn on the pump, on or off and that's all we had for control. This is going to be replacing that relay and giving us a lot more to control. Surprisingly the water pump we've been using has been able to build up enough pressure to cause leaks and problems with our project. So this is going to help us solve that problem because we can lower the water flow or bring it up depending on the situation. But at least we have that control now. It's not just on or off. One thing we can do with this pump unfortunately is reverse the direction of water like we did with the peristaltic pump from a previous video. If you want to see that I'll post a link in the description so you can see how that pump works and compare it to this one. For the L298N to control a motor the way it does it's going to need a couple of specific components on here that allow it to do it. The key component in the driver that allows it for motor direction control is the H bridge circuit. An H bridge circuit consists of four switches that can be turned on or off to control the flow of electricity. By switching these switches in different combinations the driver can control the direction of the current to the motor. If you want to learn more about H bridge switches I made a video where we actually made one ourselves using a normal switch and I go a lot more into detail on how to reverse the direction of the switch and I show you exactly how it works and how to make it yourself. For speed control the driver uses a PWM to regulate the amount of power delivered to the motor. PWM stands for pulse width modulation. PWM involves switching the power supplied to the motor on and off at a high frequency. So imagine if I have a light switch I'm flicking it on and off and on and off over and over and over and then I'm changing the time between the on and off and how long I'm leaving it on. And by doing that I can control the speed of a motor. In the future I'm definitely going to do a more dedicated video to this driver but today we're just going to get it working in this water system so we can replace that old and annoying relay.  When it comes to wiring the L298N it can get a little bit complicated because there's a lot of plugs and each plug does a different thing. So quickly I'm going to put a picture up on the screen and we're going to go over what everything is and what everything does so that you can figure it out on your own instead of having to zoom in and try and follow why I'm plugging in things the way I do. You've got two pins here and two pins here. These are for both of your motors. Both motors have one and two and then three and four. It doesn't matter where you put the positive and where you put the negative. Just keep it consistent between the two. The reason for that is because we're going to be reversing it when we reverse direction of a motor so it doesn't need to be an exact thing. Then here you have three inputs. The first one is a 5V signal from the Arduino which is used to control different things here in the signal side. Then in the middle you have a ground which is going to be the ground for the power supply and then you have an input for the power supply because the motors are going to be using a lot more power than what the Arduino can supply. In my case this thing is built I think 5V to 32V so I'll put it up on the screen because I don't remember exactly and we're only using 24V so we're good. So our 24V will go here, then our ground for our 24V will go in there, then our pump positive and negative will go there. We're not going to use a second pump so we don't need this. Then we have 5V to the Arduino and then we have six plugs right here. The six plugs here are used for motor direction control and motor speed control. Starting at the bottom you have ENA. This is the speed control for motor number one. So this one gets controlled by the first pin at the bottom right here. Then after that you have IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4. These are used to switch the direction control of the motor and the code is going to make a lot more sense but I'm going to show you that we're only going to use IN1 and IN2 because we're only using pump number one or sorry, motor number one. Then after those four you have another ENB this time. So we had ENA for speed control for motor one. Now we have ENB for speed control of motor number two. Sometimes they come with these little, it's a little bit hard to see but on ENA and on ENB you have this little jumper. We're going to be removing that when we connect our pin so that we can control it ourselves. All the jumper is doing is jumping from the speed controller pin to 5V pin which is max power and then it's just always going to be max power. But we want to control the speed so we're going to be removing that and plugging a pin or sorry a DuPont cable over that pin and then connecting that to the Arduino board so we can control the speed. So first off let's start with getting rid of the relay. The relay has the power and ground for our pump so we're just going to loosen those screws. Now we can remove the relay and the cables that came with it. Now for the power supply we have a positive and a negative. The positive of the power supply and the negative of the power supply are going to go into the L298 where I said earlier down here. So the power supply we're going to put like this straight into the terminal block then we're going to close that up. Then we're going to need the ground of the power supply and that's going to go into the terminal block in the middle.  So I'm going to be connecting a ground from the Arduino to the ground of the power supply using that terminal block. So I'm just going to run this little cable in the hole right here. I have to open it up a little bit but this is important to do to make sure your signals are good and that they're being grounded. Then I'm just going to run that ground into a ground on the Arduino board and the power supply will go eventually into the power supply but for now while I'm playing with it I'm going to keep it off of power. Then we have the positive and negative from our pump. That we're going to plug into output one and output two. We're going to put power into output one. So we have our pump connected positive and negative. We have our power supply connected positive and negative and then we have a negative going from the negative of the power supply to the negative the ground on the Arduino. Now we're going to take off our little jumper cable here or a little jumper connector from the ENA. Don't need that. Then we're going to take a cable. We're going to plug in one cable into ENA, one cable into IN1 and one cable into IN2. So we're going to plug in our ENA to pin number seven our IN1 into pin number two and our IN3 into pin number three. If you were to do another pump or another motor or whatever it is you would just repeat the process for the other side right here. So you can use the same power supply for both motors but you need to connect the other motor to this other pin to be able to control them differently. You can always put multiple motors in one but then you can't control them individually. They're all controlled through one power source. So by splitting them up into two different sides you can control this motor and this motor completely differently. So that's all we need for cables. We don't need tools anymore. Let's plug this into the Arduino and get started with the code. So for this we're going to be starting with a completely empty file and we're just going to write everything from scratch because it's pretty simple. As always the first thing you need to do is declare your pins. I'm going to write out the code as if I have two pumps and then we're going to modify it for our one pump just so that you know how to do it if you want to connect multiple things together. As you saw a minute ago we connected our ENA to pin number seven our IN1 to pin number two and our IN2 to pin number three and these are all variables declaring what's connected where. After declaring your variables you need to go in the setup and declare the pin modes. This lets the Arduino know what each pin is doing. And in our case all the pins are outputs because we're using these to control the L298 motor driver. These four will be controlling the direction these two for one pump and these two for if you were to use another one and then this is speed for the one pump and then this would be speed and then this is speed for our pump and this would be speed for another one if you were to use another one. Then in the loop it's pretty simple. The first thing we need to do is analog write our speeds to our ENA pin. Speed typically goes between zero and 255. In this case I'm putting 100 as the speed for both pins just so we kind of have like a nice medium. Think about 125 it's like halfway. So think of this as like 40% speed or whatever. Then after that we have two different options. For each one of those IN pins they have a high or a low and then the combination of both creates a output. So if you put low and low for motor number one that's going to mean pump off or motor off. I'm going to put up a screenshot on the screen and it's going to show you the combinations. So if you put high and low it's going to be on but in one direction and if you put low and then high it's going to be on but in another direction. And then you can combine those with the two different pumps. So we can have high low and low low which would be one pump on other pump off or one motor on one motor not. So in our case we're not using two. So we're going to delete this. I'm going to delete that. We only need those and we can delete everything for motor two here which includes that and includes this. Before we run this code on our actual project I want to do one thing to make sure we don't destroy the pump. Since this pump is not meant to be reversed in the opposite direction it's only meant to go one way. I'm going to unplug the pump cable and I'm going to put a multimeter so we can see the direction of electricity and we can use that to figure out which way the pump is going and then which way to put our cables in. Or what we need to do in our code to change it to make it go the right direction. So I'm just going to remove the negative and the positive from the water pump and I'm going to put in these two cables. Now that those are connected I'm going to turn on my multimeter and I'm going to plug in what I had as negative into the black cable and what I had as positive here. And we're going to see if the direction of flow or the direction of current is in the right direction. So one more time we're declaring our pins there are going to be outputs here's the speed we're going to be off here for three seconds and then on here for three seconds and we're going to figure out what direction that is. So let's upload that to the board and you can see even though the code's running our power supply isn't plugged in so we're not getting anything on here. I'm going to plug in the power supply and then we're going to plug that Arduino back in. Now the code's going to take a minute to run and then we should start seeing a volt on there. It's a little bit hard for it to read but we're getting 0.043 volts to this. Now if I was to reverse these which I'll do right now, I'll unplug this put that there and then this one right here we would be getting now a negative number which means the positive from the voltmeter is connected to the negative of the motor and then the same thing on the other side so we actually had it the right way around. So if you put high on motor one, pin one and low on motor one, pin two you will get forward direction and then if you were to swap those so it was low and high you would get reverse direction. So I'm going to unplug those I'm going to unplug my power supply I'm going to put it back in the water pump and then we'll run it with the water pump and see if it works. Pump is plugged in, it's not pushing any water out let's see if we put our speed higher if it will do anything. So we'll put motor speed at 200. So now the motor is starting to spin and I want to see what number I can get it to where the motor isn't too weak to push water but I can lower the water flow a lot more than this. So I'm going to lower it down to 150 and we're going to see if the motor can push water now. Now we're going to unplug the pump dump this water back into the main container I want to run it again but I want to see how low we can get the motor speed to be before the pump is too weak to push water because in our case we're not just turning a wheel we're actually pushing water and at a pretty high velocity. So I put it at 120 and I'm running it just going to plug in the pump let's see what happens. So it looks like 120 is a bit too low let's bring it up to 140. Let's see if 140 can get water flowing. Nice. So 140 is pushing some water I'm going to unplug that. Now let's see 255. This is max power this is what the relay has been putting through the whole time look how much more aggressive that is. One more of those and the bucket on the right will be empty and that's it. So that's how we're going to use a motor driver to control the flow and the water output from this pump in our water system. If you enjoyed learning about this water series I'm going to put a link in the description to the playlist of all the videos we've done on this specific project and if you enjoyed the video hit the subscribe button because I think 98% of people who watch these videos are not subscribed and don't get notified for the next one. So I have to rely on YouTube to promote them the new video with a subscription it just shows up and that's it. If you have any questions or concerns about this project let me know in the comments and I'll be seeing you in the next one. Oh and if you want the code make sure you let me know so I can send it to you.


Ah, you're Hindu? Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Hinduism has a hymsa? Yeah, yeah, yeah, non-violence. Yeah, yeah, that's right. I am very aware that I am quite contributing to the mass killing of animals. If you know it and you're very aware of it, how do you justify continuing that behaviour? Because like I work so much, I just have whatever is in front of me and I just have it. I work too, bro. Yeah. I work too. You can't use that on me.  They're probably honest excuses. For the first option, I'm too lazy. I'm too lazy. A hymsa doesn't say be non-violent except if you're lazy. Yeah, there's a gun to your head, right? All I have to do is like move my hand over a button and push it to stop someone shooting you in the head. If I said, ah, I can't be bothered, mate. See you later. But I knew, I personally knew that all I had to do was touch that button. So I had to walk an extra 15 metres out of my day because that's usually how hard it is to be vegan. If I said I was too lazy, that's not really consistent with the hymsa, is it? No, it's not.  Yeah. When it's not you being tortured and killed and you don't really have that motivation.


That's quite an introduction. I've never been called a wandering mercenary before. So thank you very much for your time and for coming here today. And thank you very much to everybody who's worked on setting this event up and introducing me so kindly. What I thought I could do is there's an enormous amount going on here. We've already talked about the forthcoming vote, which is going to be of critical importance, Actually, you know, it's a topic of great relevance for clean energy investment. But there's also what I thought I could try to do is talk about the industry of clean energy industry, but try to locate it in some of those issues that are very current at the moment and also on the invitation letter that I received and also as you walk in the door here this is the institute of international and European affairs. So I thought I could try and at least finish with a few remarks on some of the global activities, y cyfnod yw, yng Ngôl Eisteddf yn y cyfnod, fydd y prifesio trafodau i'r gwaith yn ymdau a'r prifesio'n gwynedd. Yn gwybod, yn y gwybod, sy'n gwybod, ond, rydw i, seith ymweld ymlaen ymweld, nid yw yn ymddi, rydw i, rydw i'n gwybod. Mae'n gwybod dda i'r gwybod, fel yna, rydw i'n gwybod, rydw i'n gwybod, mae'r gwybod, rydw i'n gwybod, rydw i'n gwybod. Ond ar y ddwy flynyddoedd ymweld, rwy'n credu gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio'r ffinans. Rwy'n meddwl gweithio'r mynd y trolywun euro yw'r amgylch. Mae'n gweithio'r gweithio'r cymhiliadau, mae'r trolywun 300 yn euchweliadau energiadau yn ymddangos, 5 tralywun yn ymddangos i gyllideb yn ddwy flynyddol ac yn ysgrif drwy flynyddoedd. Yn gweithio ar y ddwy flynyddol, ac mae'n meddwl i'r cyfrifiad a'r cyfrifiad. Felly ychwanegau yma y bydd y gallwn thym yn fyrdych. Mae gennym gwsiedeg gan roedd cyhoi teamworkau o wahanig, gallwn oedd oedd yn grweithio y mewn gwyrdd, gwyrdd cyhoi yn sicr effeithio, wires, diolch gyda hwnnw. Mae o'r leoged a'r gyfwyrdd o'n gallu gwiriaeth. Mae'n cael ei chweithio'n gweithio ar hynny a nhw'n gweithio'n cyhoi gwirio gwirio gwasi ined, ac mae'n lle raining. Mae'n golygu i hynny yng nghirfannaeth ar ôl 50 miliwn ar y cael cael bwysig, so up to 260 billion, so approximately a 5x increase in that eight-year period. That's, that is, you can see all the trends there, you can see the glory years when it just went up. You can see the crisis and so on. Let's use that data and drill in and see a little bit at some of the drivers behind that. There you see it on a regional basis and you can see that Europe, Here was a sort of early leader and then you can see the US was probably next off the blocks and then the impact of the recession of the crisis very dramatic in the US as Lehman failed but then it recovered with stimulus funds from the administration. Yn ei hanesaf, mae'r cyfrifiadau. Mae'n olygu'r gweld y ffordd peth. Mae'n gwybod i'r Chynig, ac Chynig wedi'u gweithio'r cyfrifiadau. Chynig wedi'u gweithio cais o ddod 50 miliwn. Mae ddod 260 miliwn. Chynig wedi gweithio cais o ddod 50 miliwn. Efallai o'r 5th o'r cyfrifiadau yn cyfnwys. Yn ymgyrch chi'n amser, Chynig wedi'u gweithio'r cyfrifiadau. Mae'r bwyd wedi'u gallu gweld ffantafol y prydwyr sy'n gweithio'i ei ffrindwyr. Mae'r prydwyr yn gweithio'r prydwyr yn gweithio'r prydwyr yn gweithio'r prydwyr yn gweithio'r prydwyr. Aethon nhw yna'r rhannau'r ffordd ar gyfer cyflawni ddechrau, a'r cyfnodau yn ddweud y ffondig yn gweithio'r prydwyr. Ond rwy'n cydweithio arall y ddweud, dwi'n cael ei gael i'r Llanfaen. Mae'r cyflawnio yn cyflawni'r cyflawni ar y 2006 ymlaen, ac mae'r cyflawni ar gael. Ond mae'r cyflawni'r cyflawni, ac mae'r cyflawni'r Brasil, a'r cyflawni'r Chile, yn ysgrifennu. A'r ddweud yw Afryg, ac mae'n ddim bod nhw'n gweithio'r ysgrifennu ymlaen i'r OECD a Bricks, ond mae'r cyflawni'r proses global. Yn ymlaen i'r gwaith, y gweithio'r cyflawni'r cyflawni'r gwaith yn gweithio'r energi, a'r quellaf i fy y gallais er oed, mae'r cyflawni'r proses proses proses perenol yn ei ddech chi. Rhaidd i ni ddorog yw'r ei ddhu, ddynaeth y tŵwnu'r drillion. A'r maen nhw'n cael eu ddweud yw ymweld i'r rhower. Yn ymlaen, rwy'n cael ei ddweud y ddweud yw'r cyflosio'u systyth, eisiau o'r blwyddyn fflawni'r proses proses, oherwydd o'r blwyddyn fflawni'r proses tenon. Ond a'r proses proses proses proses proses perydau'r ddweud yw bant. As you look at any policy debate, as you look at initiatives, if there's stimulus funds that are going to be released after the vote or in response to that or not, the question is, is it of a scale that is commensurate with the level of investment that's required, because in this space billions are not cool, trillions are cool, but we have seen the first trillion that has flowed in clean energy. And so if you compare clean energy versus fossil fuels, this is just generating capacity now, you can see that clean energy has grown, and actually it's something like 40, 60 now investment worldwide, clean energy versus fossil, I think nuclear just doesn't appear on this chart, we probably should put a third line. It's an important chart to show, because I think a lot of people's view of wind and solar and geothermal and biomass and so on, is that it's still alternative and very minor and very, it's not the main event, actually what you see is globally it's already reached something like 40% of generating capacity investment and if you look at Europe it's already well over 40%, so it's already into the 70% plus range. So that those outside the industry who think this stuff is marginal and we don't really need to worry about it, let's fix some big things first, this is actually the big thing. Let's put it in context, renewable energy, 16% of final energy production, 19.4% of electricity, a lot of that is large hydro, but the modern forms, wind, solar, et cetera are up into the sort of 3, 4 and pushing 5% globally, by no means trivial, Germany. Now this is interesting because one of the debates in the UK and one of the debates in the US is this stuff is all expensive, we shouldn't be doing it because it's going to, we've got a fragile recovery, if a recovery at all, and clearly this shouldn't be a priority. Whereas here you have Europe's most dynamic economy, Germany, 21% of its electricity last year was renewable, so I think that the link between shifting the mix of energy towards clean sources and economic ruin has not, it's certainly not been established. And then 50% of new power capacity additions in China are renewable, we've all heard the cannot about China adding one new coal-fired power station every week. The good news is it's not actually true, it was true back in 2005, it's not true anymore, it's now one coal-fired power station every two weeks. Which always raises a smile, but it's better than one a week, it is actually half the rate of building coal-fired power stations and wind and other clean sources now 50% of capacity additions in China. So that's sort of good news, that there's money flowing and it's happening pretty much around the world, exception of Middle East Africa, which we'll come back to, but this is the valuation of clean energy companies. This is an index we publish, it's 96 constituents, and you can see going back to January 2011, it has underperformed the general stock market by a considerable margin, I think that's something like 50-60% underperformance. And so you have this kind of cognitive dissonance between this industry growing rapidly around the world attracting finance and yet it just is doing extremely badly from a valuation point of view. And obviously there's a number of factors we can look at them, this is probably the most significant is just the instability. Europe is the core market for renewable energy and renewable energy requires a lot of debt over a long time period and investors are extremely intolerant of risk. So the financial crisis has had an absolutely corrosive impact on investment levels in the sector. You can see that here, this is the same chart of investment over time but now we're doing it quarterly, the red line is four quarters smooth just taking Europe and it's all new finance through its venture capital and private equity and public market listings and so on. So you can see here this was Iberdrola, Renovablist, Big IPO, the peak month, peak quarter ever at the end of 2007. This is the impact of the crisis. What we've now got is no recovery from the crisis and in fact the last couple of quarters investment going off a cliff so that we're now back in Q1 2012 to a level of investment that we've not seen since I think the end of 2005. And clearly irrespective of what's happening in any other region if Europe had powered ahead and continued to invest even at the same level if not an increased level from 2007 then the industry would be in a very different place. That's a lot of the answer to the over capacity that there is in solar and in wind and so on was an expectation of momentum not an expectation that investment levels would drop. In the US we're in this kind of weird year. The US electoral cycle seems to have one election every four years and campaigning seems to last four years but Solindra was a solar company that was heavily supported through the loan guarantee program and went rather spectacularly bankrupt shortly after taking half a billion, half a billion dollars, not half a trillion but half a billion dollars and has become a political football. And the debate in the US is utterly toxic with on the one hand the administration which has heavily supported clean energy through the stimulus program and then obviously creating therefore through investments like Solindra an easy target for the Republicans to attack. And I think that energy has become a political football in this election to an extent that I don't have huge history of following US. I can't think of an election that I've followed where energy has been quite so much at the heart of it and quite so contentious and was quite such a little bipartisan support for initiatives which I think most people would regard as sensible. What's happening in the US is actually sort of it's an example of a broader trend. There are 96 countries around the world that have got policy support for clean energy, some tremendous work done by an organisation called REN21 to list all of these policies out. 96 countries have got some sort of support in place whether it's feed in tariffs or certificate systems or renewable portfolio standards or Dutch auctions for clean energy capacity but what we're seeing is policy weakening so whether it's stimulus programs that are expiring or whether it's tariffs being reduced there's a tendency to reduce the policy support. Now I'm going to argue that that reduction is actually less than the cost reductions that we've seen in the industry. So in other words the support is being dismantled but it's not being dismantled so fast that the industry is becoming uneconomic. But nevertheless in terms of the valuation of stocks in terms of the news flow it feels like awful news. The tariffs being reduced and removed in Germany, the retroactive tariff activity in Spain obviously very bad news in the UK solar tariffs enormous debate but as we'll see the costs actually coming down faster than any of those policies are being removed. There we go. So that's the experience. So countervailing drivers within the industry to say the costs are coming down and it's really quite extraordinary particularly what's happened in solar. 75% drop in since 2008, 45% drop in the last year. That means that around the world anybody who's looked at a solar project and decided not to do it because of the economics has to dust that dossier off and has to look at it again. This may not be of enormous relevance here in Ireland. I don't know whether you have less sun than the UK. I suspect so. But it's not a northern Europe thing. But in any sunny country this has really transformed the economics of solar. You can look at what it does. This is being fooled by the clicker which sometimes works and sometimes doesn't. So here you've got a little chart that looks at the competitiveness of solar without subsidies. And what you can see is these are broadly more sunny countries. So countries that where a solar panel can produce more output each year. And then up at the top is countries with high retail power prices. So Denmark, Germany, Italy, Spain and so on. These are countries where there's a high price because solar will become competitive first in places where there's lots of sun and electricity prices are high. So now that's 2010. The only place where you would do unsubsidized solar was Hawaii. If you go to 2012 Denmark and Germany not because they're very sunny but because electricity prices are high but Italy, Spain and Australia that's the beginning of an unsubsidized market for distributed solar. It has already happened. Anybody who says, oh, solar will be great when it's competitive, that actually happened 2011 and certainly into 2012. And you know you can run this thing forwards. You can run this thing forwards. There we go. And you can see what happens year on year as the costs drop. You see more and more countries where solar becomes competitive without any subsidies. So there you get to the point where Mexico, Texas, North India, big markets, Japan. Japan is now rolling out a feed-in tariff. They have to have a feed-in tariff to get investment to happen. But by 2025 no question it should be happening without that. And you see some other big markets that will still even in 2025 not make sense. But they tend to be less sunny and ones with very low possibly subsidized energy prices. When it comes to solar you've got to start thinking about tipping points. This is installation of capacity in Europe. Again probably not in Ireland but it's driven by Germany and Italy with a certain amount of Spain particularly around 2008 and now France, even Czech Republic which they then regretted and so on. But what's extraordinary here is that technology that six, seven years ago was essentially absent from the power mix is now more than half of capacity additions in Europe. Not half of energy because it's only used during the day and when it's sunny and so on but half of capacity. And this has profound implications on the economics of solar because it drives it down that experience curve but also for the way that electricity markets function, the spot price of electricity on a sunny day in Europe you can pretty much guarantee is going to be zero or negative because there's so much of this stuff. And on a windy day of course you've got the issues of wind power being dumped out or available at very low marginal costs. So extremely significant there's nothing marginal or on the fringe about this sort of development. Now wind also has an experience curve. Solar experience curve is 15%, 20%, 24% different academics. We have our own figures but it's a very rapid. It feels sort of like flat screen TVs or computer. It actually shares many of the technologies with computer displays. Wind a 7% experience curve. We track this through a wind turbine price index. Solar we track through our solar price index. And you can see this is euros per megawatt hour of capacity. So the rule of thumb for quite a while was that we were shooting for one million euros per megawatt for a turbine and that would be a good price, a good rule of thumb to use. It actually started back in 1984 at 2 million per megawatt. 7%. It's a lower experience curve because of course lots of steel. You have to build foundations. It uses a lot of power electricals which just don't improve as fast. But here's the interesting thing. We did a lot of work on this in detail last year and there's something else going on which is that a 1984 wind farm looked like that and had a 21% capacity factor and a 2011 wind farm looked like that and has a 34% capacity factor. So what's really happening is there's another experience curve which is that you get more out of a megawatt of capacity. It's not just that the turbine is cheaper. It's also more efficient. It has lower downtime. It's got better power conversion. It's got better control electronics. There's better weather forecasting, etc. The turbines are higher. They're more matched to terrain and to weather conditions. And so you actually have in wind a 14% experience curve. So for every doubling of capacity of the wind industry, you have this 14% improvement in cost plus output and that's very significant because one of the issues in wind is you start to saturate the good places. People say, well, Germany's got a lot of wind. How much more can it do? Well, the answer is if those companies sell their turbines around the world, there's plenty of parts of the world where there isn't that much wind and then come back when they've doubled experience in 7, 10, 15 years, this will mean that there's a huge repowering opportunity even within those markets that are more saturated. So in other words, the price of wind energy will continue to go down. It will never max out. We'll never be at a point where we say, well, that's all we can do with wind. Now we have to look elsewhere. It will continue to get cheaper and cheaper. So where we are now already today is that the best wind farms are competitive with new coal and they're competitive with gas at about $6 per MMB tube, a million British thermal unit. And this is very poorly understood, it has to be said, by, you know, perhaps by people running utilities, but not so much by the policy makers, the regulators and the general public and the business community and certainly by voters who are worried that driving for wind pushes up electricity prices because the myth is that coal is 3 cents per kilowatt hour. Well, yes, if you've got an old coal-fired power station that's fully depreciated and you just shovel coal in, the electricity comes out, you may be at 3 cents, but new coal needs to be scrubbed, you need to pay your interest charges and so on, so you're more like 6 cents. But you're around 6 cents from the best wind farms today and by 2016 the average wind farm will be at 6 cents. And we're talking about a big wind farm that can be built without ridiculous planning constraints and where there's a demand that can use all of the power produced. The gas one is interesting because of course in the US at the moment, gas is not at $6 per million British thermal units, it's at $2, but all of the, whether it's the forward curve, whether it's the cost base of the gas industry in the US suggests that that is very much a temporary phenomenon. In fact, I looked yesterday, it was already up to 260. So gas, if it covers its cost, is at about $5 per million BTU, even in the US, using the new shale gas technologies everybody's talking about. And wind is at about 6 now. So gas is a bit cheaper in the long run, but the wind experience curve ultimately will win that one as well. So that's where we are in terms of these are levelized costs when you take into account the costs of financing etc. You can see those down there for those that can see it, there's a bunch of fossil power, fossil technologies. What's happening particularly if you add a cost of carbon over there or if you're in Japan or Asia where gas is very expensive, what you see now is a whole bunch of clean energy technologies that are fully competitive. These ones here, biomass, gasification, blah blah blah, geothermal, wind on the shore, that are essentially competitive today. That's a fact that is not percolated through industry and through the utility industry, nor the supply chain, nor the policy, nor the broader public. So what this looks like, if I could draw an analogy with the telecoms industry, this is a chart that I drew I think in 2010, and I said here's how to think about this stuff is that you've got in telephony, you've got a fixed telephone, you've got the cost of a fixed call, and then a mobile call gives you an extra benefit, you've got mobility, you can walk around with it, so you pay a premium. And at the time, go back to 1993 when the first mobile phones were in the market, that premium was 10x. So you were paying four and a half cents for a phone call, but if you wanted a mobile call it would be 45 cents. And then over 15 years that premium essentially disappeared. It becomes as cheap to use mobile as landline. And that's how we should think about clean energy versus dirty. And this is what we saw since then. So around 2010 I was just looking at saying the two lines are converging, they've crossed. This is Germany, this is the feed-in tariff for German solar, and it is now lower than the retail electricity price in Germany. In other words, there is now no need to pay a premium for clean energy in Germany after a mere six or seven years from the large-scale rollout.  But nevertheless that model of the premium for clean energy being competed away is very real. And so that, if you start, we'll talk about some of the international relations aspects, but I think it's important to have that thesis in mind, that this is a complete re-engineering of the world's energy system. This is not a marginal change and a marginal addition, this is a complete re-engineering. It's something that's going to cost trillions, not billions, and it's going to take decades. This is really difficult stuff, it's heavy engineering, it's complex systems, it's actually systems of systems. And while we do it, we don't want the lights to go out. So we've got high risks involved, political risks, economic risks, technical risks. So it will take decades to do this. We also don't want to leave huge amounts of stranded assets which are in all of our pension portfolios. So we've also got to use what we've got, so we're not just taking a wrecking ball to stuff that we've invested money in over time. And it will be funded largely by the capital markets and the secret there is in those trillions. Governments don't have trillions, well probably the Chinese do, but they're the only ones. Governments don't have the money to do this. So they can only think about frameworks and make it possible for private finance to go in and do the heavy lifting in this transformation. But this is stuff I'm confident is happening. This is the way to think about the industry worldwide. The question would be then, how fast will it happen? Will this transformation be a 75-year transformation or will it be a 25-year transformation? And I think that's the sort of range of variables that we're playing with. It's extremely hard to see the transformation happening. You'd have to define what the metric of a transformation is. But it's hard to see the scale of change coming to anything near completion within a 10, 15, 20-year timeframe. I think we are talking about 25 to 75 years. And so the question is, how fast is it happening? Is it fast enough for seeing through various different lenses? One of which, of course, is the climate lens. We did this in 2008. We did some work on this. This was the amount of investment that had gone into clean energy in the past through to 2008. You can see it started at $50 billion and it rose at that point to about $150 billion. And we said that this is the amount of investment that you need mapped onto the sectors that we were tracking. Again, back to the stuff where I started, I said it's reached $260 billion. So you sort of know the answer to what happened next, which is this. Mapped against that $260 billion, what would we need to see if we're to get emissions from the energy sector worldwide to peak before 2020 and then start to come down? And we said that, essentially, you need to get it to $500 billion, half a trillion per year, by something like 2015. If we got that level of investment, then you'd be seeing the transition happening at such a speed that emissions would come down. And these are our figures, half a trillion, in the things that we track, wind, solar, efficiency, CCS. There are other figures that are bigger because once you start adding in transmission distribution and nuclear and the other pieces that are in the assumptions, then the numbers are higher. But nevertheless, just mapping like for like, you can see that we're about half of where we need to be seen through the climate lens. Now, in the developed countries, there's some things that we could do to speed that up. One of them is around subsidies. There's the IEA did this tremendous work on fossil fuel subsidies versus clean energy subsidies, clean energy 66 billion, fossil fuels 409 billion. Actually, a lot of that is in places like Turkmenistan and Iran. So it's not really fair to categorize that as a developed world issue. But clearly, if you look at how would you accelerate a transition if you are subsidizing the thing you want to move away from, that's going to slow it down. There's also some other issues in terms of it may not be that you can internalize an externality, but you should at least understand it. And maybe there are some things you can do around transparency. Straits of Hormuz gets something like, I think it's 17% or 18% of all of oil that we're burning in the world goes through that waterway there. There was a piece of work done by the Rand Corporation that said that if you didn't have to police the straits of Hormuz, if you didn't have to police the Persian Gulf, this is just for America, then the saving on the Department of Defense budget would be $83 billion per year. And that's a real, they've gone through how you would redeploy forces and what you would therefore be able to save. This isn't just saying the cost of the fifth fleet because you might do something else with it. $83 billion a year is 26 cents for every gallon of gasoline. It's 43 cents for all of the imported gasoline. $15 for every barrel of oil that goes through those straits. And of course, that doesn't appear in people's, when they go to the gas station, they don't pay that. They pay for that in their taxes. And so there's an extra, there's another subsidy here that's not really appearing in the right place. Interestingly enough, when I talk to Americans, I always make sure that I emphasize this. If you look at where the tankers, whose tankers are being protected, they're not American. Because the Americans get their oil mainly from Venezuela and Mexico and the US and Canada. So actually what they're doing is spending $83 billion a year to protect the supply chain of their strategic economic competitors, China, Korea and Japan. Because that's who's, and Europe. That's whose tankers are actually using the straits of Hormuz. And so, you know, does that seem like a smart investment when you are fiscally challenged in the US nearly as much as we are here in Europe? Another one is coal and the health costs. There's some work done by Harvard Medical School. You've seen this chart of cost. The economy is coal-fired power, which is the cheapest as long as you don't have any cost of carbon, particularly with old power stations. But here's the subsidy from health. And that is particulates, asthma, it's mercury, it's additional road accidents and it's accidents in the mining industry. This is just for the US. It doesn't count the 2,000 miners per year killed mining coal in China. Of course, we all benefit from cheap Chinese goods using energy that results. But if you just add in the US, the costs of the externality costs there, you essentially render coal completely uncompetitive. And almost every technology other than marine tidal and wave already vastly more attractive than coal. Interestingly, in the US, this year, coal use will be down 14% on last year. So the message is getting through and coal is essentially that it's going to be impossible. It's essentially already impossible to build a new coal-fired power station in the US and coal use going off a cliff. Of course, what they're looking at is exporting that coal to Asia where the demand has not dropped off. But now let's come to, how would you accelerate it? So those are some things that would give impetus if we could resolve in the developed world. But then there's also the international discussions. And particularly if you look at this chart here, of all of that investment in 2011 in clean energy, you can see OECD took 54%. Basic, so that's, it used to be brick, but Russia's not doing anything in South Africa is. So now it becomes basic. They're doing 41% and rest of the world 5%. And that is a large part of Latin America. It's all of Africa other than South Africa, and it's a large part of Southeast Asia. And it's important countries here that are neither OECD nor basic, that could be potentially very big drivers of energy demand. We've all seen those figures from IEA and so on, 40% more demand or whatever by 2050. Malaysia, Indonesia, Egypt, Iran, very populous countries that are getting almost no investment. And plus a whole host of smaller countries. And so then the question is, well surely we ought to all push for an agreement in the international climate negotiations because that's the way to funnel more money to those countries.  And then the negotiations, these are all the COP discussions from Kyoto, Buenos Aires, the Hague, Marrakesh New Delhi. You can't keep up with it as one every year. They ended up in Copenhagen famously in 2009. Since then they've been to Cancun, they've been to Durban, wonderful place to visit by the way. And then this year it's going to be in Qatar. Now the point I'm making here is this has not been effective. This is now, Qatar will be COP 18. And so I have personally decided I'm not going to go to Qatar, I didn't go to Cancun, I didn't go to Durban because I can't see how that process is going to lead to success. But I've actually gone further than that. I now think that that process is actually harmful. Because what happens is once a year everybody gets together to fail publicly, very high profile. And to me when I see the alternatives, which is the sorts of processes, the sorts of investments that I've been talking about, then it seems to me this is an unproductive and unhelpful way to be carrying on itself. The alternative is these are national climate related policies. So these are energy efficiency, renewable energy and climate change or carbon specific policies. Over the past 13 years, 1,811 policies. This is at the national level. But there's also stuff going on at municipal level. There's the C40 cities, there's stuff that Mayor Bloomberg, my owner is doing in driving forwards. Not just in New York, but also in the broader, I think the C40 cities is now 56 cities. But then even down to at industry level, bilateral level, there's US China Energy Corporation, there's actually China Netherlands, there's Indonesia Netherlands, there's all sorts of bilaterals. And there's also in different sectors. So steel industry and cement industry, the big retailers, there's a number of forums for the utility industry. And so there are agreements and initiatives at every level that are serving to drive the investment flow that we've seen. So on the one hand, you have the UNFCCC process, which essentially now is saying that we all agree that in 2015 we will negotiate an agreement which will come into force in 2020, which may not be ambitious enough to be of any use, and it may not be ratified by key players. And if ratified, as we've seen from Canada, it may not be implemented. And I just don't want to put many eggs in that basket versus a process which has already resulted in a trillion dollars, which has already got us half of the way to where we need to be. Wouldn't it be more sensible to think about how we could accelerate initiatives that are already working and see if we couldn't just double the work rate within those processes and processes like them? And there is stuff going on on that front. So I'm involved, final slide, in this thing called Sustainable Energy for All, which is an umbrella also under the auspices of the UN, UN Secretary General. I'm on the high-level group, along with a bunch of extremely worthy US Secretary of Energy is on there and the CEO of Statoil and a number of other business leaders and also policy leaders. And it's not about trying to negotiate and nobody does anything until the negotiations are completed. It's about accelerating initiatives, sharing best practices and pushing the sector forward, raising awareness as well through the good offices of the Secretary General. There are plenty of others. There's the Clean Energy Ministerial if you like international multilateral activities. Of course there's all of the programs of the various multilateral banks, whether it's multilateral's World Bank IFC and so on, or whether it's KFW in Germany or JBIC in Japan and so on. So there's plenty of initiatives out there that are also international, not purely domestic, that are resulting in investment and moving the needle in our energy mix. And those are the ones that I tend to prefer supporting because I see them as being very effective. So I think we have, that's my prepared remarks, but I understand we have time and desire for perhaps some questions. So I'll leave it now. Thank you.


Hey, this is Brett, and this 2022 Dodge Charger Scat Pack Widebody is stock number 13820ZA. I am here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, and you're new and used Dodge Charger and sports car headquarters. This 2022 Dodge Charger has the 6.4 liter 392-hemi engine that puts out 485 horsepower. It's paired up with the 8-speed automatic transmission. This car has been fully-safetyed and inspected by our service shop. Per the state of Wisconsin inspection process, it has a fresh oil and filter change, all the fluids have been checked and topped off, and it is 100% ready to go. I'm going to go all the way around in this video. Inside, start it up, take a look under the hood, take a look inside the trunk, and just give you the most accurate representation that I can of the vehicle. White knuckle clear coat is the color, and I shoot all my videos in 4K, so if you have HD capabilities, turn them on now because it is your best way to check out the quality, condition options, and cleanliness of the vehicle before seeing in person. If you like the video, you can subscribe to my YouTube channel, which is YouTube.com slash Summit Auto. Click the bell notifications to get updates on the videos I do each and every day, as well as having access to one of the largest catalogs of walk-around videos of vehicles on YouTube and sports cars. This one comes with the 20-inch painted alloy wheels. They're in really nice shape, and it comes with Falcon Xenus 460AS tires. These are 305 35 ZR20s. You get the SRT Rembo brakes on this one.  You can still see they have the little wear knobs on them. We put those on in our safety inspection. The wide body, of course, gives you the fender flares here. I didn't see any major dents or dings on the front fender, as the projector lamp headlamps, the LED running lights. Front bumper is in excellent condition. You can see it's never been drilled into. This one does have the cowl induction hood. Hood's in nice shape. The passenger side front fender is in excellent condition as well. No scuffs or scrapes on there. The passenger side wheel is in really nice condition as well. As you go down this side of this 2022 Dodge Charger Scat Pack, wide body, take note of how clean that body is, how reflective and mirror-like that paint is. Take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and you just cannot make the trip down, but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle, you can see the car, hear the car, and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here. If you do get here, there's absolutely no surprises and you can make a smart and informed buying decision from wherever you're at. If this video helps you make that buying decision, let your salesmen know that you saw the video that it was helpful and that Brett sent you. Back wheel is in excellent condition as well. I didn't see any dents or dings down that side of the car and the back tires have probably about, I'd say, 60% of the tread left. They're the same type of tires as the front tires and these are 305 35 ZR20s as well. Coming around to the back of the vehicle, you get the LED tail lamps, the backup parking sensors. This one has carbon exhaust on it. Sounds really good. We're going to start it up in just a second. You get those LED tail lamps, the deck lid spoiler, and back here is a front license plate holder that thankfully nobody has used. Get the tire inflator kit, storage area, and that's where your battery is located. Shuts nice and solidly. Trunk lid is in nice condition as well. And down the driver's side just as clean as that passenger's side. No major dents or dings on the rear quarter or the rear door. And for full disclosure, this back wheel is just as nice as the rest of them. Down the rest of this side of the car, driver's side doors look really good. It does come with blind spot monitoring, heated mirrors, entering ghost system, and check out this interior. This is the first time I've ever seen this particular interior. It's called Caramel Tan Elcantara Seats. With the black leather, of course, you get the Scat Pack B logo stitched into the backrest. It's pretty intricate stitching. Bolster is in nice condition. No rips, no tears, power driver's seat. Both these seats, I believe, are heated in cooled factory formats. Bright pedals, power tilt, and telescopic steering wheel. Auto headlamps, power windows locks and mirrors, memory driver's seat. This one does have the Alpine premium sound system. You get the nice leather bolster on the door. Back seats are trimmed out the same way as the front seats, and the seats are just in fantastic condition. And these back seats are heated on the outboard side. No rips or tears on them and factory formats back here. They're your heated seat buttons, two USB jacks. These seats do fold down. Sorry about that. These seats do fold down for extra storage. One second. All right, so these seats do fold down like so. You can see just how nice and flat they go, which is great if you have to haul a bunch of extra stuff. Put those seats down and you're all set to go. Child safety locks on the back doors, inside and bottoms of the doors. No corrosion or anything there. We'll hop inside, check out the miles, the radio, and everything that this car has to offer on the interior. You get the 392 Scat Pack animation at the beginning there. It's pretty cool. 7-inch LCD display, digital speedometer. This one has 8,180 miles. Instrument cluster is very nice and clean. Comes with the heated leather wrap steering wheel. Getting the nice big thumb pads on there. Cruise controls on the right. Bluetooth and information center controls on the left. And it has the kind of flat bottom steering wheel. You also get the paddle shifters and audio controls on the back of the steering wheel. This one has the 8.4 4C radio. You get the factory navigation system. There's highway 41, so you know that's working nicely. AM, FM, and Sirius XM radio capabilities. Margaritoville is on, so you can tell I've been in this vehicle. Has the heated and cooled seat buttons as well as the heated steering wheel controls. Then you get all your different apps on here, including projection manager, performance pages, and we'll go to those and they take a second to load. So while they're loading, I'll show you that you get the more tactile buttons and knobs for your volume and tune and climate controls down here, including your dual climate controls, your push button start, and your 8-speed automatic transmission. Keyless entry with a remote start on there and trunk popper. And the passenger side format and seat are in fantastic condition. I don't think this car's ever been smoked in. Has the power sunroof, homelink buttons for your garage door security systems and lighting systems, assist in SOS buttons in the mirror, and here are your performance pages. You get your engine and what it's doing. Obviously it's not started, so it's not doing anything right now. Your dyno, g-force, different gauges, timers, and then your home screen where you can change these icons out or widgets, I guess you could say. So let's start it up and we'll take a listen to that carbon exhaust because it's pretty impressive and then we'll take a look under the hood. Sounds really good. Love those LED tail lamps. And I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today. And hopefully from this HD video you've been able to verify the quality, condition, options, and of course, cleanliness of this car all the way around inside and out. Those lights are working nicely. And under the hood we have the 6.4 liter V8 392 Hemi engine. 485 horsepower engine base, very clean, runs very smooth. Once again, this car has been fully safe to end inspected by our service shop as a fresh oil and filter change all the fluids have been checked and topped off. And it is 100% ready to go. There's the emission sticker.  And this car is 100% ready to go. I would highly recommend it from a quality, condition, looks, sound, interior, standpoints, really a cool car. And to see more pictures of this car, one of other 550 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, sports cars, chargers, challengers, Mustangs, Camaros, Corvettes, Z06s, ZL1s, Hellcats, you name it, we gotta go to that website right there, summitauto.com full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle all at summitauto.com and if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summitauto. Click the bell notification to get updates on the videos I do each and every day as well as having access to one of the largest catalogs of vehicle and sports car walk-arounds on YouTube. In fact, in a second you will see a link to subscribe to my YouTube channel on the upper left. A link to more charger videos are done in the upper right link to this vehicle on our website on the lower left and a link to one of our latest YouTube videos on the lower right. So without further ado, we're super excited to help you with this Ultra Clean 2022 Dodge Charger Scat Pack White Body in White Knuckle Pure Coat. Thanks again for checking out the video. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on the YouTube channel. I really appreciate it. Thanks again.


As a long buyer's trader, when you see the money flow entering the stock that you like, then that is your ability to piggyback that trend and join that trend. But if you see the money flow exiting that stock and you see people starting to short that stock, that might be your signal that, hey, you should move on to money flow number three.


In the coming days, I'll complete over four decades of active service in my tenure as the chairman. Before taking off my uniform for the last time, I wanted to tell you what an honor it has been to serve alongside you and to represent you here in Washington, D.C. and across the globe. More importantly, I wanted to take a minute to simply thank you for who you are and what you do. Those of you in uniform, active guard and reserve, represent less than one percent of the American people, and you've answered the call to serve our nation during the time of war.  You chose to make a difference. Across the globe, you stand watch on sea, air and land as we simultaneously tackle the challenges associated with Russia, China, Iran, North Korea, and violent extremism. And you are driving change to deal with the challenges of the 21st century to include those in space and cyberspace. Like your predecessors, you are ordinary men and women who hail from across the 50 states and U.S. territories. But you routinely demonstrate extraordinary courage, honor, commitment, loyalty, and self-sacrifice. It's because of you that I'm confident that we can defend the homeland in a way of life. It's because of you that we have earned the trust and confidence of allies and partners around the world. It's because of you that people believe in America. Over the past four years, I've spoken a lot about the need for our nation to maintain a competitive advantage over any potential adversary. You are our most important competitive advantage and any adversary would think twice about committing an act of aggression because of you. And all of these words apply equally to our great civil servants who are an integral part of the team. I'd also like to take a minute to recognize our families. My wife Ellen and I know the unique challenges and sacrifices of military families. But we also know that the U.S. military is strong because of our foundation. And our foundation is our families. One of the most rewarding experiences of the last four years has been meeting with military families across the force. Thank you for welcoming us into your homes. Thank you for your willingness to sacrifice and support. And thank you for your resilience. Let me close by saying that as I depart active service, I depart with incredible pride and gratitude. Not because I'm a general or the chairman, but simply because I've stood in ranks with the soldiers, sailors, airmen, Marines and Coast Guardsmen who wear the cloth of our nation. Please know that I'll remain in proud overwatch following my retirement. God bless you all and separate for Daelus.