Item No. 713 Level 2 Restricted Containment Class Safe Disruption Class Dark Risk Class Caution Special Containment Procedures SCP-713 is to be kept in a standard safe class inanimate object containment cell at site ██████. Standard positive action defenses are to remain in place at all times. It is not to be plugged in while stored. Description SCP-713 is a desktop personal computer running Windows 95. It bears no external manufactured markings, but internal inspection reveals it to be composed entirely of hardware commercially available in the late 1990s. The keyboard and mouse connectors are soldered into their sockets, and there are no ports available for peripherals except the monitor. The computer has no internet capability. The hard drive contains assorted commercially available software, including ██████ Office Suite ██████, Image Editing Software, and Solitaire. SCP-713's mouse may be used to move its cursor off the screen. The cursor does not change size or appearance, remaining two-dimensional, though capable of moving in three dimensions. The scroll wheel controls the Z-direction, and resembling a light projection without an apparent source. It may be used to click and drag individual items. Dragged objects' size and mass do not seem to impede it. It has demonstrated the ability to exert forces over at least 150 kN. Care must be taken in use of the object. As sudden flicks of the wrist coupled with poorly timed releases of the left mouse button have resulted in damage to the containment room's walls. The right mouse button does not appear to function when the cursor is outside the monitor. However, when the word processing program is open on the monitor, left clicking on a sheet of writing material produces a cursor like that of a word processor. Typing them results in letters, and composition apparently identical to the cursor, although ██████ appearing on the writing material.  The image editing software's effects are similar, though much broader in scope. The solitaire game may be played using ordinary playing cards. Every effort must be made to avoid crashing SCP-713. When the machine locks up, its cursor either disappears immediately, dropping any held object or ██████ consisting of crushing forces of over ██████ kilonewtons. Other error types have convincingly more damaging results. See experiment logs and incident reports for further details. Addendum Writing materials tested a day with SCP-713's word processor include copy paper, college-ruled notebook paper, text conforms to the lines, hand-made vellum, tracing paper ████, a chalkboard, and a blank wall. Testing is ongoing.  Dr. ██████ note, testing has been suspended after incident 713-03 in which D-713-233 dragged D-713-054 into the trash. Until D-713-054's fate has been determined, access to SCP-713 is denied without express authorization from level 4 staff or higher. Note, further testing authorized. See experiment logs 713 for details. Experiment logs 713, approved by O5-███, Project Head, Dr. ████, Test 12, Date, 2000, Subject, Image Editing Software, Procedure, Software Initialized, New Document Opened, Paint Command Selected, Brush Size Altered to 50 pixels, and Color Changed to Pound Sign FF-00000, Cursor Moved Offscreen, and clicked and dragged over a blank white wall. Software Exited, Software Re-initialized Result Upon selection of Paint Command, Cursor became an open 50 pixel wide circle, approximately ██████ results. Upon selection of Paint Command, Cursor became an open 50 pixel wide circle, approximately 3 cm off-screen. Tracking resulted in a 3 cm by 20 cm line of the appropriate shade of red appearing on the wall. Line's composition resembled that of the Word Processor's type. Line disappeared upon accessing program and did not reappear upon program restart. It is hypothesized that the Image Editor, like the Word Processor, does not retain data between program instances unless saved to the hard drive. Test 13, Date ██, 2000, Subject, Image Editing Software, Procedure, As Test 12, accept that current image saved at disk before exiting program and open again upon re-initializing. Results, Red Streak disappeared upon closing program and reappeared upon opening. Test 14, Date ██, 2000, Subject, Image Editing Software, Procedure, Software Initialized, Blur command selected, Brush Size altered to 100 pixels, Cursor moved off-screen and clicked and dragged over a blank white wall and over service of wooden table. Software exited. Results, Subject's services lost approximately ████ percent of surface detail, including wood grain and the roughness of paint and cinder block surfaces. Loss of height detail confirmed with laser rangefinders. Detail returned upon closing program. Note, where did the mass of those bumps go? Dr. ██, Test 15, Date ██, 2000, Subject, Image Editing Software, Procedure, Test 14, Accept that between closing the program and reopening it, the wooden table was moved 3 meters further away from SCP-713. Results, Blurred area reappeared in the same location relative to the table. SCP-713 does not appear to depend on positional cues for object recognition. Test 16, Date ██, 2000, Subject, Image Editing Software, Procedure, As Test 15, Accept that between closing the program and reopening it, the wooden table was moved to site ██, kilometers from SCP-713. Results, Blurred area reappeared in the same location on table surface. Further investigation of objects ranged proposed. Test 17, Date ██, 2000, Subject, Image Editing Software, D-713-023, Procedure, As Test 14, Accept that Blurred command applied to D-713-023 space. Results, All facial features, including sensory organs, reduced the ill-defined and fuzzy bumps on head surface. SCP-713-023 reported a significant pain in loss of visual and auditory acuity. All features of faculty's return when program was closed then disappeared again, with all previously reported effects when file loaded. Note, we could use SCP-713 to punish uncooperative D-class. We erased someone's face, saved the file, then threatened to open it if you won't jump when we say, Research Assistant ██, denied. Other methods work just as well for less security risk. Dr. ██, Test 48, Date ██, 2000, Subject, File Operations, Procedure. Cursor clicked on 10 x 10 x 10 cm aluminum cube. Cube held in cursor. Control C, copy entered. Cube released. Control plus B, Paste, entered. Results, Duplicate cube, apparently similar in composition to SCP-713's cursor, appears at tip of cursor. All efforts to interact with duplicate unsuccessful, except those using the cursor. Test 49, Date ██, 2000, Subject, File Operations, Procedure. Cursor moved outside screen. Control plus A, select all entered. Dell, Delete key pressed. Results, Test 82, Date ██, 2000, Subject, Trash Function, D-713-054, Procedure. Recycle bin icon double clicked. File labeled ██, D-713-054's former name, located and dragged onto the desktop. File dragged off screen and over an empty area of the lab floor. Left mouse button released. Results, Cursor changed in the hourglass icon for 2 minutes 8 seconds. The ██ file icon then disappeared, and D-713-054 appeared in its place, standing on the ground in a neutral position. Subject expressed agitation and confusion, stating that her arm felt wrong. Every medical examination revealed that her left radius had disappeared completely, leaving all other associated structures intact. Upon further questioning, she stated that she was aware that time had passed since Inc. 713-03, but that she could remember very little. Please describe what you experienced inside SCP-713. I, uh, it was really weird, like I was dreaming or something. Do you recall any details at all? Do I have to? Recalculations will be noted. Okay, it was like, like I was being broken up into pieces. It didn't hurt, really, but it was… scary. Like a nightmare. How many pieces and how big? How am I supposed to know that? It wasn't one of those dreams that makes sense. Note, subsequent interviews with trashed D-class see tests 34 through ██████ corroborate these results. Personnel dragged out of recycle bin are consistently unable to give any detailed description of the experience. Some lie, some generate false memories, and some simply state lack of knowledge. Every test of date has resulted in one or more small body parts disappearing upon reconstitution. Test 83. Date ████, 2000, Subject, Trash Function, Standard Digital Video Camera, Procedure. Camera set to record and dragged into the recycle bin. SCP-713 left to run uninterrupted for 60 minutes. Camera containing file dragged off screen. Results. Person changes the hourglass icon for 13 seconds. Camera reappeared, still recording, missing approximately 2 square centimeters of casing surrounding lens. Between trashing and reconstitution, camera recorded 60 minutes of video, all blank. Test 84. Date ████, 2000, Subject, Trash Function, D-713-233, Procedure. D-713-233 dragged into the recycle bin. Disk defragmentor program initialized. Main hard drive defragmented. File containing D-713-233 located, opened and read. Contents noted. File closed. D-713-233 dragged back off screen. Results. 482 GB, significantly larger than SCP-713 stated hard drive size. Spreadsheet format. Listed biochemical data was confirmed to correspond to ████ upon reconstitution off screen. NERS rerouted. Several joints dislocated and ████ massive exsanguination and pulmonary distress. D-713-234. Note, future testing should avoid all file operations as long as any personnel are stored in SCP-713. Test 112. Date ████, 2000, Subject, Effects of Computer Crashes, Procedure. Testing chamber cleared. D-713-234 instructed to exploit a previously discovered bug such as SCP-713 word processor would lock up and stop responding. SCP-713 cold booted. Results. Cursor froze in place and did not respond until SCP-713 was turned off. Cursor reappeared as normal when computer restarted. Note, about what we'd expect from a normal computer. Dr. ████, Test 113, Date ████, 2000, Subject, Effects of Computer Crashes, Procedure. As Test 112, except that D-713-234 instructed to attempt to manipulate cursor by hand before restarting. Results. Cursor froze in place as before. D-713-234 expressed reluctance but was induced to touch the cursor. His hand immediately became attached to the object as if someone had attempted to click on him. While the cursor usually exerted exactly enough force to induce necessary movement, D-713-234's hand was crushed. Injuries were consistent with ████, Killinutans, more than SCP-713 has yet displayed. Test 114, Date ██, 2000, Subject, Effects of Computer Crashes, Procedure, Testing Chamber cleared. D-713-235 instructed to pick up a prepared high-capacity multi-directional digital force gauge before crashing SCP-713 as in Test 112. Results. Force gauge crushed, exactly as with D-713-234's hand. Pattern of damage to cube indicates ████ as if the cursor ██████ note Stop speculating and test that. Request for tougher equipment denied. The last one was expensive enough. There are less direct ways to measure crushing force. Dr. ████, Test 115, Date ██, 2000, Subject, Effects of Computer Crashes, Procedure, Testing Chamber cleared. D-713-235 instructed to pick up a prepared 30x30x30 cm solid iron cube before crashing SCP-713 as in Test 112. Results. Contact lost with sight ████ for 5 hours. Upon re-establishing contact ████, considerable structural damage ████ of all electronic devices. With all non-electronic artificial devices ████, SCP ████ and SCP ██ were found to have broken containment and ████ all personnel on sight were lost. Security recordings recovered from external SCP servers suggest that in the process of crashing SCP-713 as instructed, D-713-235 inadvertently induced a stop error, blue screen of death. See Incident Report 713-23 for further details. See Incident Reports ████ for details of ████ similar incidents. Note, all testing regarding effects of SCP-713's computer crashes is hereby suspended. Results involved have received posthumous reprimands ████-05███.


In this video, we're gonna go back in time. You're gonna see I was sporting a moustache. It was Friday, the 6th of December, 2019. Not that long ago now. And it's at this point where I'm gonna share with you where and why I purchased a new all-round road bike being the BMC Team Machine SLRO1. And this is only a few months after I purchased the giant advanced SL, TCR, sitting over there. Now, both of these bikes are rim brake. They come with Shimano Ultegra, and they're actually older models. So this is the 2018, and that is mid-release 2016. However, the frame geometries are exactly the same as the 2020 models. So I guess they're current, with the exception of some slight variations to accommodate disc brakes. Now, once we go back in time, we're gonna come back here and I'm gonna share with you what my content plans are in terms of reviewing both these bikes for you. But before we get into this video and go back in time, I just wanted to quickly share with you that I have recently, this was last week, I've reopened an online course that I've got for road cyclists looking to take their performance to the next level. I only invite 10 people in at a time, given the onboarding nature, which includes a one-on-one call with me. And I've only got three spots left available. So I'll put links below for anyone out there that might be interested. Let's get into this video. So I think I've got a problem. I'm out the front of a bike store again, three months after I purchased the Giant TCR, I'm gonna purchase another new road bike. And the reason being there's two reasons that I can justify my own head anyway. Number one is I've got a big event coming up and I think this road bike's gonna be really well-suited to it. And number two, I've recognized after purchasing the Giant TCR three months ago, I'm gonna review that road bike on the channel coming up shortly, is that I think it's a better way for me to be able to review road bikes on the channel. That is to look for bargains, create some content surrounding it, review the road bike, and then in a six to 12 month period, sell that road bike off to fund the purchase of a new one, rather than bang my head against a wall constantly reaching out to bike brands, seeing if they can lend me a demo bike for two to three weeks so I can review it. So time will tell whether that will be the way forward, but in the meantime, let's go in and sort this purchase out. There he is, you're waiting for me. Now you didn't sell it over the weekend, did ya? No, it's still there. Oh, you just paused for a second, you had me going there for a second. There it is. There's a tape. Magnificent. That's the Steer Demac, the BMC. SLR01. SLR01. Magnificent. Now, I'm getting this for a bit of a steal really, but it is an 18 model, isn't it? That's correct, you're getting this for a bargain. The geometry is still the same as the current. Correct, 2018, they changed the geometry on the T machines, still current. This is rim brake, we've got the disc brake variant, but still current geometry. Yeah, okay, rim brakes work fine though for me. Yeah, 100%. And can you tell me, so why, if it's brand new, but it's an 18 model, how come it's still brand new? Bit of a story behind this bike, it was at another store, there was probably more mountain bike focus, it didn't get the love attention that it needed. Okay. Not a road focus store. BMC took the bike back to the officers in Brisbane, they just sat in the office there. They brought it up to Noosa Tri to put on the Zwift stand. Yeah.  Yeah, right. And we got a lot of love for BMC at the moment, so. Absolutely. Didn't last long. So what can I expect? What do your customers say about this bike? What do they like about it? Absolutely, loving the T machines, super comfortable, soft ride. Yeah. Silky, I hear. Silky. There's the word. Yeah, very smooth. Yeah, very smooth. All right, cool. We've only had positive feedback on the T machines. All right, mate. I'm gonna take it off your hands. So I've just rocked up home and I told my wife, Alice, that I was purchasing this bike probably about a week ago now, but I caught her at a time where I don't think she was listening. So it's gonna be interesting to see her reaction right now. What do you reckon?  Do you remember me talking about it?  And then you walk in, look it, I've got pancake on my boob. Pancake on your boob. I've got no bra on. Do you remember me? Well, I remember talking to you about this. I wasn't quite sure if you were listening to me. I remember you saying that the investment in this bike was less than what you were gonna make from selling your old bike. And so then that nothing mattered after that. Okay, cool. All right. Making sure. Yeah, so I want a TT bike and now you've walked in with a new bike. Do you like the look of this, the BMC?  Yeah. But this is pretty cool. I like the color. I mean, I love the red. They, the BMC might be pipping specialized for me at the moment, I reckon. Yeah. So I've now been riding the BMCT machine in combination with the giant TCR advanced SL for the last five to six weeks. And over that time, I've taken both bikes into an expert bike fitter here on the Sunshine Coast to get his view on which bike might be best suited given my riding style and needs. And I've started to narrow in on some of the unique riding characteristics both bikes have. And to give one thing away at this point in time and I'm still narrowing in on a few but definitely the BMCT machine is a more comfortable road bike. And as a result of that, I will be using this road bike for an upcoming race that I've got called the Melbourne to Warnable, which is mid-February, which is a 265 kilometer bike race. But in terms of reviewing both these bikes, we're gonna do a head to head review. That's what I've decided to do here rather than review them independently. We're gonna do the BMCT machine versus the giant TCR advanced SL. And at the end of that review process, I'm gonna keep one bike and then I'm gonna sell the other one off because really it does not make sense to have two all-round race bikes sitting around here. Now during the video, you would have heard my wife Alice talk about me funding this road bike through the sale of another road bike, which I actually haven't sold yet. That's the chapter two rare a and I will be selling that off to fund the purchase of the BMCT machine. While we've had a great time together, the rare a and I, the new formula of what I'm trying to do to create fresh content on the channel is to buy road bikes and then sell them off within a certain period. And now having the rare a for over 12 months now, it's time to say farewell. Now, if anyone out there might be interested in my chapter two rare a, I'll pin a comment below on the details in terms of what I'm looking for and what's included. And if you're interested in seeing the head to head review on the giant TCR and the BMCT machine and you haven't already subscribed to the channel or hit the bell notification, which ensures you get notified of when I publish a video. Make sure you do it below and I'll catch you in the next video.


We are looking at advanced reaction engineering. The objective here is to comprehend logic of decision making for design, operation, evaluation of reacting systems. So, it is a very large subject in which we look at reactions as a central way of understanding what is happening. Let us look at some examples where we might find this subject of much value. Process industry, for example, we make organic chemicals, we make biochemicals, various kinds of organic chemicals, fermentation products and then these are industries where they start with a certain raw material to produce certain products. Our raw materials could come from agriculture, it come from forestry, it come from mining, it could come from oceans in the form of various ocean products, all of which we use to produce various chemicals. Now, there could also be another way by which we can look at reaction engineering is we want to understand agriculture in a larger way. We want to understand what is happening in our environment or maybe we are trying to look at how a medicine is performing on a certain organism, maybe human, maybe an animal. Similarly, how a certain medicine can interact with the environment and so on. So, these are all situations where reactions are so central to what is happening in the system.  What is our methodology? Our methodology in this course would be by a large problem solving. That means, we try to convey principles to you through solving small, but carefully selected problems. So, that whether it is a process industry problem or from agriculture or environment or biology or medicine, each of these situations we will be able to comprehend by looking at these small, but very carefully selected problems. I mean, we have as you go along this course, we will be formulating various models. Models as we will always remember models are to be seen carefully. So, we always remember that whatever we do science is only about models of reality. We like to understand reality, we build models and we see how these models describe reality and if it describes well we accept and as we understand more and more we find that these models are not so useful. So, better and better models are required. So, the base point is that science is only about models of reality and to the extent the model describe reality we will use them when they not describe reality well we look for better models. So, this is the philosophy with which we will look at this course. Chemical industry has been around for last more than 200 years now, may be much longer. So, the kinds of equipments that we will see in the chemical industry is tubular vessels, tubular reactor so common in the petroleum industry, stirred vessels very common in organic chemical industry. Then you have this fluid beds which you see in cat cracking industry or the lottery kill is very common in lime industry and of course, steel making is be known for a very long time, blast furnaces are such equipments. On other words what we try to do in this course is to see how we can use our understanding of the chemical reaction to build and design equipments and see how they operate, how they can be operated better, how best we can optimize its operations. So, that we produce a products safely, productively, economically so that we deliver useful value to society. So, whether it is tubular vessels, stirred vessels, fluid beds, rotary kills, blast furnaces each of these choices are based on an understanding of the reaction that we are trying to conduct. Now, the criteria that we will use the criteria of choice of these reaction equipment of course, depends on the quality of the product we want to produce, the reliability with which we want to make this equipments work, the safety feature that are associated with it, the productivity we desire and the cost at which we would like to produce. Or in other words our choice will be dependent on the importance that we attach to these 5 qualities. Of course, say I mean it is not that we would compromise any of these qualities, the fact is that all of them are equally important and therefore, the criteria should be such that every one of these qualities or criteria are satisfied to the extent that is required for the process. The task in front of us can be design, the task can be operation, the task can be development of a reactor design for a new application. Our principles must apply to all of these at all times. So, we need to develop principles and methods, so that we are able to address any of these situations that we would like to handle. So, to put this in the perspective, this course on advanced reaction engineering, essentially we want to look at the design equations that are required to understand the equipment that we are going to design, to operate the equipment to performance function that we are looking for. So, let us get on with this task of reaction engineering design equations. Now, this is a conceptual representation of what might be a reaction equipment, please do not think that this is how a reaction equipment looks like, this is not the idea. So, we have an enclosure of an arbitrary shape deliberately chosen, in which a certain amount of fluid F j at 0 is entering and it is leaving. Fluid enters and fluid leaves the equipment. Now, we can write a material balance, we call it as mole balance or any of the components that enter the system. F j 0 is the moles per time, which is entering the system and F j is the moles per time that leave the system. Well, G j is the moles per unit time, which is produced in the system or produced by means it can be consumed, in case it has a negative value. And this difference would be the rate at which the material is accumulating in the system. On other words, input minus of output plus generation equal to accumulation is a fundamental statement of material balance. Whatever comes in, whatever goes out, whatever gets generated, this combination the rest should accumulate. Generation can be positive, in which case this function is positive, if it is consumed it takes a negative value. This is general statement of material balance. Now, we recognize that this function G j, this function G j that means the rate at which the component j is produced or consumed at every point in the equipment. And this could vary from point to point, there could be some variation. On other words, the rate of generation of this component can be different at different points in the equipment. So, you must take that into account. So, keeping that in mind, what you have said is that at different points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 up to n, r j 1 is the rate of generation of component j, delta v 1 is the volume of that elemental volume. Similarly, r j 2 is the rate of generation elemental volume delta t 2 up to n. On other words, rate at which component j is generated is an integral of r j multiplied by d v. So, r j d v is a rate of generation of component j. So, if you substitute this into our general statement here, material balance, replace this G j by r j times d v. So, then we have a more general statement of the conservation equation f j 0 minus of f j integral r j d v equal to d by d t of n j. Now, it could so happen that the equipment that we are dealing with is an equipment where there is a stirrer. So, that the composition, temperature and other intensive variables are essentially the same at different points in the equipment in which case we call it a stirred vessel. So, if you have a stirred vessel into which you have continuous input of component j and continuous output of component j, then we have so we have continuous input of component j and continuous output the stirred vessel in which case we can say that r j is uniform at every point inside the equipment. So, that we can take r j outside the integral and therefore, this equation can be written as f j 0 minus of f j plus r j times v integral d v is v equal d by d t of n j. On other words our statement of material balance for the case of a stirred vessel can be written as f j 0 minus of f j plus r j times v equal to d by d t of n j. Let us look at this in some more detail. Suppose, instead of a stirred vessel instead of a stirred vessel we have a different type of vessel which is often seen in the process industry which is called as a tubular reactor. What is a tubular reactor? We have a pipe of a chosen diameter perhaps we have a catalyst inside and your fluids come this way let us say and goes out this way a tubular reactor. Now, this is trying to represent a general situation where you have a vessel of an arbitrary shape through which component j is entering and component j is leaving component j is entering and leaving f j 0 is entering f j is leaving and we want to write a material balance on an elemental volume delta v. So, this is an elemental volume delta v over which we want to write our material balance. So, we notice here that f j at v at any time t f j at v plus delta v at any time t plus r j times v at any time t equal to this is the total amount of multiplied by delta v delta v. So, this is the statement of material balance for a flow through what we call as a plug flow vessel by plug flow what we mean is that every fluid element that enters here it moves through the equipment without recognizing the existence of other fluid elements. On other words as the fluid element moves through this equipment it does not mix with other fluid elements. For example, what is mean said here suppose there is a fluid element comes here it moves through and gets out. There is another fluid element which enters here it moves through and gets out. On other words as this fluid element moves through and as this element flows they do not recognize the existence of each other as a result this called as a plug flow. That means there is no intermixing between these two fluids and as such situations when we write a material balance for an element f j at v f j at v plus delta v rate of generation of the component j this is the difference that accumulates. So, if we take the as delta v tends to 0 and so on this how the material balance looks like for under the unsteady state when it is steady state where this term disappears the equation looks like this. On other words what we are trying to say here is there are two types of equipment ideal equipment that you will see in the process industry. Equipment number one we might pointed out is a stirred vessel this stirred vessel could be operated such that it could be a batch in the sense there is no continuous input and continuous output. It is still a stirred vessel there is a stirrer where the compositions are maintained. The other kind of equipment is what we have here is a tubular equipment where materials move through and then exit without mixing with each other it is called a plug flow vessel. The equations that described the variation of various properties for a stirred vessel is given by this and for a plug flow vessel is given by this. For a plug flow vessel at steady state your del by del v of f j is given by rate of generation of j and for stirred vessel the equation we already shown. Now, these two types of equipment what we call as plug flow this is for a place of a plug flow plug flow equipment. So, you find that plug flow equipments are very common particularly in the process industry dealing with catalyst because this pipe holds a catalyst and the fluids can enter and leave. Therefore, the catalyst that is performing work for you can be changed as and when the activity goes down and that is the kind of equipment most popularly used in the process industry. When you are dealing with fluids and removal of heat etcetera particularly in smaller scales you will find stirred vessels in batch and continuous mode. On other words what I am trying to get across to you is that you have the stirred vessels stirred vessels which are commonly used for smaller scales of operations where you have either in batch operation or continuous operation. You have this plug flow vessels particularly for catalytic reactions mostly in very large scales where you have a catalyst which is continuously used for processing a certain material to a certain final product. So, batch vessels continuous stirred vessels as well as plug flow vessels are the most common thing that you will see in the process industry. We have set up equations both for batch and stirred vessels here and then we have set up equations for steady state and unsteady state for the plug flow vessels. Our job now is to see how reactions perform in these ideal vessels. How do reactions perform and what we can learn from the performance of these reactions?  Now, if you choose A as our reference species then you can divide throughout by A. So, that our reaction the reaction now looks like A plus B by A B plus C by A C plus D by A D. So, this is assuming that this is component A is our reference. Now, we know that a reaction takes place at a certain rate if I call that rate of chemical reaction as R A if I say that rate of reaction of component A is R A we know from our understanding of basic chemistry that R A divided by minus of A equal to R B minus of minus of B equal to R C divided by plus C equal to R D divided by plus D or in other words this ratio of rate of reaction of A divided by its stoichiometric coefficient with appropriate sign for a given reaction they are all equal and therefore, I have turned it as R 1 sometimes called as the intensive rate of reaction. Now, how do you understand conversion? We understand conversions at steady state conversions are typically we start with so many moles of A at the end of the reactions. So, many moles of A is unreacted. So, we expressed the amount of component A converted with respect to what you started with that is gives you the conversion. On other words the whole meaning of conversion requires you to recognize a certain starting material or reference. So, our reference for defining conversion is N A 0. If instead of a batch process you have a continuous process this N A 0 has a units of moles where if it is a continuous process X A is defined as with respect to the reference F A 0 where F A 0 has the units of moles per time. So, whether it is batch or continuous we define conversion with respect to a certain reference. For continuous process we have taken F A 0 as the reference species and for batch process we have taken N A 0 as the reference. Choice of reference is always your choice in the sense you can define with respect to your reference. Generally a reference component with the limiting substrate or limiting reagent that is in the reaction that is how it is normally done, but it is not important any reference is. Let us say we have a batch system where the reaction A A plus B B let me just write it down once again our reaction is A A plus B B equal to C C plus D D or if you divide throughout by A it looks like this. So, for this reaction if you look at species A B C D and I is inert typically every system comes with some amount of inert. So, you start with so many moles of A N A 0 N B 0 N C 0 N B 0 and so on. Therefore, as per stoichiometry what we have written is if X is the extent of reaction or conversion. So, the unreacted A is given by N A 0 times 1 minus of X A this definition and similarly N B is N B 0 minus of N A 0 X A multiplied by B by A. So, this term B by A this term comes because of the stoichiometry as we have represented there. So, as per the way we have defined conversion and the way we have taken the chemical reaction we can write what is the unreacted amounts of A B C D and I in the system at any given conversion. This follows directly from stoichiometry we can add up all this when you add up all this we find it is the number of moles we start with is N T 0 when you add up all these moles this is. So, many moles have coming in and so many moles are going out when you add up all this we notice here this is N T 0 and all this terms common N A 0 X is common I have forgotten the X A here and then this term inside D by A plus C by A minus B by A minus 1 this term is the effect of the chemical reaction. So, what we get here from stoichiometry number of moles we start with the number of moles we get when there is a certain amount of reaction X A. Now, we can write the number of moles at the end of certain extent of reaction certain conversion X A is given by N T 0 plus this term is the effect of chemical reaction as expressed with respect to component A which is what is called as delta A. So, delta A is the meaning of delta A is change in moles change in moles due to reaction with respect to the reference component A. On other words delta A tells you what is the number of moles change that comes because of the reaction D by A plus C by A minus B by A minus 1 and this is the known quantity for every reaction. So, what we get from stoichiometry is that given a conversion X A given conversion X A N T by N T 0 is given by this relationship where Y A 0 is the mole fraction of component A where we start with and then N T 0 is the total number of moles which we start and delta A is the change in moles due to reaction expressed with respect to component A. So, in other words this representation tells us what is the number of moles at any conversion at which the reactor is working. Now, what is important is what we have done here with respect to component A we can do it with any other component B C T it does not matter. So, just to put it in the perspective what I have said here is that if you chose B as the reference species then your equation will look like this where instead of Y A 0 instead of Y A 0 here you will get Y B 0 instead of X A you will get X B and what is X B? What is X B? X B is generally just like X B equal to N B 0 minus of N B divided by N B 0 or in other words X B is the conversion as measured with respect to component B and we recognize that in a reaction this could be different when you measure conversion with respect to component A and component B they could be different. Now, if instead of a batch system see we talked about this stoichiometry all this stoichiometry we have talked about is considering our system is a batch system by batch what we mean is we have an equipment which is a vessel which is got no outlet there is no input inlet certain amount of fluid is inside the equipment and then these are the changes that we are going to observe. But you could also have a system where there is a continuous input there is a continuous input and continuous output like a tubular reactor there is a continuous input there is a continuous output. So, how do we deal with systems where there is a continuous input and continuous output. So, when we have a flow system our equations now look exactly the same there is no difference of stoichiometry still does not change I notice here this here instead of writing F N A 0 I have written F T 0 F B 0 F C 0 F D 0 F I 0 and F T 0. In other words as far as stoichiometry is concerned it does not matter whether you are talking about a flow system or a batch system. Therefore, whatever relationship that we get for N T is the same we will get when it is for F T because stoichiometry does not get affected because of flow etcetera. So, we can say now F T the total number of moles leaving the system is F T 0 which is total number of moles entering the system multiplied by F A 0 X A multiplied by delta A same like here N T equal to N T 0 N A 0 this is delta X A. So, essentially what we are saying is that if you have a flow system then total moles leaving is related to the system by the same kind of equation that we have done for a batch system. So, that F T divided by F T 0 is given by 1 plus Y A 0 X A delta A previously we had N T divided by N T 0 given by this. So, whether it is N T by N T 0 or F T by F T 0 the right hand side does not change because that is coming from stoichiometry. Now, having said all these things now let us go a little bit forward and see how we can look at various kinds of design equations for our systems. First systems we are taking is a batch system let me just remind you what is a batch system or batch system looks like this you have a vessel the vessel is closed it is well stirred which means that compositions are the same at different points. There is an inlet, but this is closed there is an outlet which is closed the idea of this inlet or valve and outlet valve. So, that we can charge and discharge. So, as far as the reaction is concerned during the reaction there is no inlet there is no outlet. So, whatever is you take inside the equipment that is what brings about the reaction. So, for the case of a batch system where there is no input where there is no output there is only generation and accumulation therefore, first term and second term disappears therefore, you have R J times V the rate of generation of component A equal to D by D T of N J. So, this is statement of material balance for a batch system that rate at which the reaction takes place equal to the rate of accumulation in the system. Now, our reaction is given by A A plus B B equal to C C plus D D or in terms of component reference it is looking like A plus B by A B equal to C by A C and D by A D. Therefore, now we can say if A is the reference species R A times V just replacing J by A we have R A times V equal to D by D T of N A. So, statement of material balance for a batch system is simply R A times V equal to D by D T of N A. Now, we can go forward we have been talking about stoichiometric table. Now, I mean something that we know that conversion is defined as N A 0 minus of N A divided by N A 0. Point to be noted here is that N A 0 is a reference. This reference is our choice in this particular case we have taken A as the reference. Now, as a result of this representation you know that the moles of N A is given by N A 0 times 1 minus of x. On other words if you look at a batch reactor we find minus of N A 0 D x A by D T is given by R A times V. This is the statement of material balance. So, that we can now say D T is simply equal to N A 0 x A divided by minus of R A V. When you integrate this we get the reaction time is N A 0 D x A divided by minus of R A times V. Notice here that the volume volume volume effect appears here. On other words if volume of the reactor changes during the process of reaction that effect should have to be accounted here. If volume is constant it can be taken out of the integral. So, that this becomes C A 0. So, that T R is C A 0 times D x A by minus of R A. A familiar representation in many textbooks, but it is so provided V is constant. This is an important issue that we must bear in mind. Now, let us take another very common instance that you might see in the process industry what is called as continuous stirred tank reactor. Now, stirred tanks are examples where the fluid comes in continuously fluid leaves continuously. The batch equipment please recall batch equipment we said the process works the process works and during the process there is no input. So, we said this if a batch equipment is an instance where there is no addition or removal of material as the reaction takes place that is a batch equipment. We charge all the raw materials close all the valves conduct the reaction at the end of the reaction time you open this valve to discharge the product. Now, a continuous a continuous reactor is where you have continuous input of fluid continuous removal of fluid. A reaction takes place inside this equipment continuously and therefore, we are able to continuously withdraw the product at a rate that we desire. So, continuous reaction what is called continuous stirred tank reactor is one example of a process equipment wherein you will produce your product continuously. On other words you do not have to worry about charging time, discharging time and so on which could be very significant in a batch process. So, all those charging and discharging of material is eliminated only the process time is what is of concern to you and this way you are able to produce large quantities of material. One of the advantages of this continuous processing is that we do not lose time during charging and discharging. Now, let us see how the equation looks like our statement of material balance does not change input minus of output plus generation equal to accumulation is a fundamental statement of conservation of mass. Our input is what if our reaction once again let us recognize our reaction let me write down once again a a plus b b equal to c c plus d d and with a as reference it becomes b by a b plus equal to c by a c plus d b. So, we are still considering the same reaction with a as the reference. So, we have input is f a 0 we can see here input is f a 0 output is f a as you can see here rate of generation of component a and d by d t of n a and we are operating at steady state. We will look at unsteady state situations later on for the moment let us assume that this process is running at steady state. What is meant by steady state? By steady state we mean that if you look at the composition of the system at any time and look at the composition of the output at any time. We find the composition inside the equipment and composition of the exit are the same. That means it does not change with time steady state is an instance of a process operation where the compositions that you measure at the exit does not change with time. The composition that you measure inside the equipment with time does not change this time that means it is steady with respect to time. Under situations where it is steady this equation f a 0 minus f a plus r a v equal to d by d t of n a the right hand side which represents accumulation. Because it is steady there is no change with respect to time therefore, there is d by d t of this will go to 0 therefore, the right hand side is 0. So, steady state representation of material balance gives you f a 0 times x a equal to minus of r a v because right hand side is 0. Please recognize f a 0 minus of f a equal to r a v this comes from the fundamental definition of x a.  So, that this representation gives us volume of the continuous third tank reactor is given by f a 0 times x a divided by minus of r a. So, a continuous reaction in which you have a CSTR to bring about this reaction the volume of the equipment is given by f a 0 x a by minus of r a. f a 0 is something you know x a you can measure and r a is the chemical kinetics in way at which the reaction is occurring. So, right hand side is all a known quantity therefore, given the chemical kinetics given the extent to which you must react given the product production that you want all this can be taken together to determine what is the size of the equipment which we must design for. Now, why is it that we have moved away from batch equipment to continuous equipment like CSTR there are many reasons for this batch to continuous is a decision that an entrepreneur will take depending upon the scale of production. Generally, you will find continuous productions are preferred if the scales are very large the scales are small of course, batch productions are preferred, but that is not saying enough. Let us also recognize that when you have some products which are very expensive where you require very careful control of the process during the process of reaction the general preference is to do it in batch. So, that you can address all the issues that is required to be addressed during the course of reaction. So, there are certain advantages in doing batch processing and there are advantages using continuous processing and that decision will be a decision that that is taken based on technical economic and commercial issues. What we are now saying is that if our stirred tank continuous CSTR design equation is this recognizing that residence time is actually volume of the equipment divided by the flow at the inlet. Then we can write our design equation in terms of v we can also write the design equation in terms of residence time tau which looks like this. On other words this is in terms of volume this is in terms of residence time they are stating the same thing the residence time and react volume or related depending upon the volume flow at which we process the fluids. So, this is the fundamental statement of design equation for CSTR or this might be another way of saying that this is an equation for CSTR. Where if you know the chemical kinetics if you know the extent to which you want to react and if you know this fluid then you can say what is the size of the equipment that is required for your process. What has happened in the process industry is that there are situations where you may need not one stirred tank, but many stirred tanks to operate in sequence. There are situations which require many tanks to be operated in series, but more importantly this sequence of stirred tanks gives us certain insights into what happens in a process. Let us just look at what this sequence tells us this sequence tells us that if you look at tank 1 input output generation equal to 0 at steady state. We are studying all these are at steady state that means we are writing the material balance at steady state. We will come to unsteady state at a later date first of now we are looking at steady state. Therefore, our statement of material balance leads us to size of the equipment given by F A 0 x 1 by minus of r a or residence time given by C A 0 x 1 by minus of r a that means the residence time in tank 1 is given by this equation C A 0 x 1 by minus of r a 1. Now, if you write the material balance for tank 2 which is F A 1 minus of F A 2 input output generation equal to 0 where this is the rate at which reaction occurs in tank 2 r a 1 is the rate at which reaction occurs in tank 1. Therefore, this equation is a way of understanding what is the size of V 2 that is required. So, we can simplify this write our material balance please our material balance this is our material balance for tank 2 is what is written once again on the next page F A input output generation equal to 0. We find that the size of reactor 2 equipment 2 can now be given as F A 0 times x 2 minus of x 1 x 2 is what is x 2 x 1 is conversion at the at the outlet tank here x 2 is conversion here. So, what are we saying here what we are saying here is that the size of tank 2 depends upon F A 0 times x 2 minus of x 1 what is x 2 minus of x 1 it is the moles of component a that is under gone chemical reaction in tank 2 what is r a 2 r a 2 is the rate at which chemical reaction occurs in tank 2. So, the total moles converted divided by the rate of conversion is the size of the equipment. So, it is stating the obvious is nothing new being said the obvious is being said, but said in a form which is useful for doing calculations. So, what do we get the size of equipment V 2 if you want to express in terms of residence time our residence time is defined as equal to V 2 divided by V 0. So, we have size of equipment 2 I mean reactor 2 is given by C A 0 times the conversion change divided by the rate of chemical reaction. Now, we can continue this whole process and then say for tank 3 tank 4 tank 5 and so on. We can say for tank n we are looking at its F A 0 term x n minus x n minus 1 divided by r a n where what is F A 0 F A 0 is please recognize we have n tanks here tank 1 and tank 2 and then tank n this is tank n 1 2. Now, inputs this is F A 0 this is this is coming this is what is coming out is x n. So, what we are saying is that the size of tank V n this is V n is F A 0 what comes here multiplied by what happen this is x n minus 1 what is coming in here is x n minus 1 you see. So, x n minus 1 time x this is the difference change in conversion in this divided by the rate of chemical reaction. So, it is stating the obvious, but in a forms that is very useful to us for doing calculations. So, what have we said what we have said is that if you have if you have tanks in sequence instead of a single tank tanks in sequence. Then we find that we can use the same statement of material balance to find out what is the size of equipment 1 tank 1 what is the residence time in tank 1 then we can see what is the size of equipment 2 what is the residence time in tank 2. Similarly, we can say what is the size of equipment n what is the residence time in tank n. So, our statement of material balance helps us to calculate all this because it is put in that form. Suppose as we said when we started this we said we have two types of equipment that we will see in the process industry. One is what is called as stirred vessel where it is mechanically stirred the other equipment you have a plug flow vessel where there is no mechanical stirring inside the equipment. That means, the plug flow equipment you have let us say a pipe may be inside the pipe there is a catalyst and then fluid is coming in fluid is going out. There is no mechanical equipment inside here to do stirring. So, and as a result you might expect that there is plug flow plug flow what we mean is that they move inside without mixing with each other. So, this is a plug flow kind of equipment. Now, we have already derived what is our design equation for a plug flow equipment for a reaction like this we have already said this d by d by d by d v of f a is r a what are we saying here what we are saying is that d f a d v is what it is rate of change of moles of a per unit volume per unit time. So, rate at which moles of a change per unit volume per unit time that must be equal to the rate of chemical reaction it is stating the obvious. What I am trying to put across to you is that every equation that is written here it is stating the obvious it is in a form that we can understand from first principles nothing new is being said.  Therefore, we are able to substitute for f a here and simplify and we get volume of this of this equipment is f a 0 what is the entering here this is this is f a 0 what is the entering and what is leaving. So, volume of the equipment is f a 0 multiplied by this integral d x a by minus of r a please recognize that when we had third tank it was c a 0 x 1 x 1 minus of r a on other words here we had an algebraic equation here we have a integral. So, there is a difference see this is a differential equation while here this is an algebraic equation. So, when we have stirred tanks we deal with algebraic equations when we have plug flow reactors we deal with differential equations. That means, the equation that relates various variables only change as we change the equipment from one to the other. Now, that we know the size of the equipment you can now talk in terms of what is called as residence time that is defined as volume of this equipment divided by this flow rate flow rate at the inlet. So, the way it is defined is that the residence time is defined as volume divided by the flow rate at the inlet what in other words why I am saying this to you is that this volume flow can change as it flows through the equipment. But the way it is defined it is defined with respect to inlet flow on other words residence time also involves certain reference flows at which we do our calculations it is convenient it is convenient to do it that way. So, if you define residence time as v by v 0 then this equation becomes c a 0 this is a known quantity this integral d x a by minus of r a what is r a rate of chemical reaction this number comes from understanding of the chemical kinetics and we will at a later date look at how we can determine this function that determines this function r a now having said this let us just quickly understand these functions. Recognize that this volume depends on x and r a suppose we plot having said this suppose I make a plot of 1 by r a please see this function x and minus. So, if I plot x versus 1 by r a you notice that this area this area is what we are talking about if you look at this if I make a plot of 1 by r a versus x that is what I have done here 1 by r a versus x. Therefore, this term x 1 by minus of r a is simply the area under the under this curve this rectangle is the area. So, if this area of this rectangle multiplied by f a 0 becomes the volume of the equipment as you can see here if I plot x versus r a as I have done here x a r a you can see here this area multiplied by f a 0 becomes the volume of the equipment. Now, for a plug flow reactor we said 0 to x d x a by minus how do you this when you plot 1 by r a versus x a this integral is simply under this curve area under the curve. So, on other words what we notice here is that the way we have formulated the problem of single reaction taking place in ideal vessels whether it is stirred tank whether it is plug flow the plots of 1 by r a versus x actually gives you a way of determining the size of the equipment or for example, in many cases it may be easier for you to determine this function 1 by r a versus x from your experiments. The functionality r a may not be known, but data may be available that means you may have experimental data here you may have experimental data you may have experimental data. So, that you can use the experimental data and determine what is the size of your equipment in many cases particularly reactions which involve many complex reactions etcetera you will find it easier to actually make a plot of 1 by r a versus x a. So, that you can determine the area under the curve and hence size of the equipment is very convenient that way and it is preferred most cases you will find this might be much faster way of determining the size of the equipment that might be of use to you. So, what we have tried to say so far is that if you have a batch if you have a continuous equipment like CSTR or a continuous equipment like PFR you can plot this 1 by r a versus x and then find out the size of these equipments. Recognize that suppose instead of one tank you have many tanks and other words if you have several tanks in sequence where v 3 is f a 0 times x 3 minus of x 2 divided by r a 2 with a minus sign. On other words if you have a plot of minus of 1 by r a our reaction once again please recognize that our reaction is still this there is no change we are still looking at a single reaction where a plus b by a plus b equal to c by a c plus d by a d we are still looking at this. So, if you have a sequence of tanks 1 so this is tank 1 which is this area this is for tank 1 this is the area for tank 2 this is tank 3. Therefore, size of tank 1 2 and 3 can be calculated by multiplying the area under the curve by the flow f a 0. So, this graphical procedure gives you a way of determining size of the equipment. So, this equipment simply by experimental data and that is the great advantage of this procedure because you do not have to look for a functionality that will determine the rate of chemical reaction. It is a huge advantage that is there particularly for reactions where you have great difficulty in understanding what is going on experiment may be easier another point that frequently that we might want to to know is suppose you have a continuous equipment a continuous equipment. Let us say let us say catalytic for example, and due to chemical reaction as you can see here due to chemical reaction there could be some volume change and how do you account for this volume change we account for this volume change by recognizing that our equation d f a by d v equal to r a it is the fundamental statement of a material balance for a plug flow vessel. And we also know that the time of residence is given by d v by v on other words if you have a plug flow equipment then the residence time at every point is given by d v by v. And this is the general statement of material balance by combining these two now we can tell that what is that actual time of residence of fluid elements inside this equipment. So, what we are trying to put across here is that if you have a plug flow equipment in which there is a chemical reaction taking place as a result of which there is some volume change. And we can take that effect into account through this equation. So, we not only can find out residence time using our residence time can be on the basis of inlet flow we can do residence time this way or we can do residence time actual which is given by what is this equation. So, both firms both approaches are available and whatever is appropriate to you you would use in a given application. I will stop here with this we will take up this at a in the next lecture the implications of what I have said for its applications to various problems that we would encounter. Thank you.


Item number SCP-808-J Object Class-Kitar Special Containment Procedures SCP-808-J is to be kept in a locked wooden chest buried deep beneath the sands of an isle far away. To get to the fortune that awaits, you must take twenty paces east past the forked tree, then thirty paces north from the swift stream. It's buried near the exit of the sand, but only the most courageous of all men dare to disturb old Captain Blue's last treasure. Some say to this day, his ghost still haunts the island, waiting for unlikely men to try and take his precious booty. Then he snatches it up, then they ne'er he's seen again. Sailing to the isles that hold the lost booty is an event in itself. Its location could only be found on a map, contained within Davy-Jones containment locker 808-J on Ship-19. The island is surrounded by reefs and rocks that only the most experienced seamen can navigate, else he crash it in in the deep blue. Captains are not to bring women aboard the ship, even those never seen before beauties can bring only the worst of luck. Men that learn the location of the island without permission from 05-R are to walk the plank. Dead men tail no tails. In order to survive the long haul, captains are to bring many fruits aboard to be savored even the scarviest of dogs. Description. SCP-808-J is a treasure long lost from the knowledge of your everyday landlubber. Only legends tail of its existence, a vast fortune hidden away by the great sight Captain Blue many years ago. It's said that he who finds the treasure may be the richest man to sail the seven seas. Addendum 808-J-1, audio log 808-1, interviewed sight Captain Redbeard, interviewer Polly. Forward, sight Captain Redbeard informed his dearest friend of his voyage in the sea surrounding Blue's Isle. Squawk? Err. Squawk? Err. Err. Squawk? Err. Probably one of Cracker. Aye, it was the most brutal voyage I have ever set out upon. Probably one of Cracker. My own crew with apprehensive have resailed into the fog surrounding the island. You can tell old Blue's ghost with haunted no shores. Haunted no shores, Squawk. I was shivering in my timbers as we finally navigated the rocks and boarded onto the island. I was ticked with devoury, and I looked back to see me jolly Roger disappearing into the mist. Into the mist, Squawk. Aye, bucko. I was scared. Me first mate was spotting for me, of course. He told me how not even he could see three feet from his face through the damnable fog, and we all grabbed on each other's hooks and went in single foul into the dense jungle of the island. Squawk? Yes, Polly me beauty. We passed by those trees in the swift creek until we finally came to the X. Then we all dug until we hit something. Squawk? No, Polly. It wasn't pieces of wheat, or even gold to bloons. It was casket to the devil's liquid end. Devil's liquid? Aye. Bottles and bottles of rum. Squawk? Closing statement. Arrr.


Know I know I'm a little crazy. All right, if you can't see it behind me. Yes I'm watering the grass on December 12th in Denver, Colorado. I'm crazy.  Anyway, we're taking care of the yard Hold that thought getting called from true love Hi, hon. How you doing? Love you All right, love you. Yep. See you in a minute. Bye. Ciao Okay, as I was saying like taking care of my yard. All right on to the topic of today's vlog About a week ago actually exactly a week ago. I posted this question on the Twitter. That's right. Here we go What length do you think is optimum for a daily vlog? How long do you usually watch other daily vlogs? Okay, so I had four options three to five minutes five to eight minutes eight to twelve minutes and Twelve to twenty minutes. Well, thank you for voting if you took the time to vote over on Twitter When I gave you an update last week, we had about 20 votes It bumped all the way up to 43 votes. Not bad. I've never done a Twitter poll before So what were the results drum roll, please? It was a tie between five to eight minutes and eight to twelve minutes, which I'm not shocked by But it was literally a dead-even tie So three to five minutes got 19% of the votes five to eight minutes got 33% of the votes eight to twelve 33% of the votes and twelve to twenty fifteen percent of the votes so longer the least Short vlogs like I've been doing lately three to five minutes got second second most or second least and then It was a dead-even tie between five to eight minutes and eight to twelve minutes. So what does that tell me? Well, maybe cut it right down the middle. Maybe it's eight minutes is kind of that Ideal vlog length. Why did I ask this question on Twitter a week ago to help me discern the future of the YouTube Universe where we're going moving forward. So thank you for voting. Thank you for sharing your opinion It's very very important to me to listen to you and it's very valuable for me as I press ahead With the daily vlog. So anyway, love you all. Thank you for chiming in and Yeah, I'm feeling good. Sorry the house is so crazy. The sickness is running through the family again running through Just like a little short 12-hour bug, but We're in a we won't go into deep Let's just put it that way. Oh dear look alive. Look alive and look alive as we go by. Hey We got to go just kidding. We did not buy it go Do you hear what I said? No, I said you bought a goat Joseph James puts things in his mouth all the time that are not food and I say don't be a goat And then he starts laughing and takes them on the front of the car lights up So we're on our way to date night going to Red right I'm glad you sang it no coupon because I just learned that it's 699 for a burger and bottomless fries all the time All the times come on. Oh, but I think we need to go to Murdoch's first and yeah, do you know how to get there? Yeah, we're going to Murdoch's To by the hay. Yes Do we have a clear back there? Yes Because I bet we get three bales right? Oh, it's so quick. I can never believe how quick that was. Boom Nailed it. Wow. We just learned the difference between grass draw in hay. No Okay, no, we did not learn particularly there's decorative hay and then there's eating hay straw straw is for What we want and hey, yeah feed your animals. Hey, that's right. Mona gave us hay for our campaign Yeah, and this is straw. Got it. So I guess technically Jesus would have had Hey, because they're animals. It was a real manger But you know what come on. Come on. Come on. Come on.  We're like so tired. It's like seven o'clock put us to bed. So we're gonna keep eating. So We're good We're going home And we're closing out the block See beauty. We're guard See you tomorrow Okay


What's popping people welcome to another video Thank you guys so much for the support if you guys are new to the channel be sure to hit that subscribe button hit the notification bell Also hit the like button if you guys have been enjoying the content if you guys are wondering why I'm holding a GoPro right now It's a little windy and I needed a little mic So this is the little microphone today We got a GoPro with a little fuzzy thing on top and I think it's gonna do the trick But today we're gonna be doing some bass fishing I got a few special guests I think you guys are gonna be excited to see because they haven't been on the videos in a while First one up. Yo, what's popping people? Is that how it goes? Yeah, that's how it goes man. So what do you want to say to the people this is an interview session Hashtag bring that back you guys need to put some comments down below help out the old man It's been a long time since I've been fishing with my boy over here. So anything else? What is it? I got a channel now I'm slowly getting into this forgive me because I am nowhere near as good as Noah over here himself But you know what I've got the good personality and I got this right here You got the good look that's not something you can buy right there So Noah's gonna try but you know what big Steve's in the house. We're gonna do this We're gonna have some fun today. Look who's in the background over there Papa Bain. What's up? We got Isaac pain in the house old coach pain. What's going on motivators? What's going on? What's going on? What's going on? What's going on? Yeah happen today. So what's what's the plan Isaac? What are you anything you want to say to the people since it's been a minute since you've been on the videos? It's exciting to be back out here. I'm just excited to go do some fishing with my boy Noah kicking their bass TV He's graduated today. Yeah, which is amazing. So couldn't be any other place in the world But with KTV TV today, so we're looking forward to catch some big fish. So yeah guys, that's a whole nother topic I actually ended up graduating college today. It's been a long wait and a big shout out to big Steve It means he's off my payroll now people. I've been off his payroll for years I don't know what's up with that one, but and then we got a coach pain man I can't thank you enough Isaac He's the reason that I actually went to the school if you guys didn't know helped me out with scholarships Everything is just the whole deal. I probably wouldn't be graduating college today if it wasn't for coach pain right here So big shout out to you Isaac.  That's what we're doing here So if you guys are new to the channel like I said hit that subscribe button And if you guys have been enjoying the content you want to see some crazier content hit that like button But we're gonna go ahead go to the we're gonna go ahead and hop into today's video I'm gonna show you guys what baits were throwing we're gonna try to catch some big bass We're actually out of area. I have never been before but let's go ahead and walk through the woods right here Go down to the pond see when catching big ones. Let's get it. So we are walking back in the woods Go coach pain. Thanks Steve Up in front. I don't really know what to expect. Hey, that scared me. I don't really know what to expect today It's actually a really beautiful day outside. It is a little hot I will say that but it's not as bad as surveying. I'm actually in Atlanta right now if you guys are wondering Coming back up, you know for graduation for that whole deal seeing the family seeing coach pain She's pretty much part of the family, but oh this place is looking really good This is going to be in my opinion a really good episode. I love this lighting here, too Let's sit back and chat for a minute I want to know what type of videos you guys want to see because like I said This is gonna be my chance to run this thing full-time. It was either high school or college I was in the whole time So I really want you guys to put some thought in the video ideas down below It's really gonna help me out because I want to go at this 1,000% so hard. I'm just so excited to hit it I've been waiting my whole life for this opportunity. So yeah Leave some comments down below drop what videos you want to see be descriptive because that's gonna help me a lot, but Let's go ahead and make this happen. I might chuck dude.  You're starting off with a backlash And I'm starting off with a Quake 80 and this is in the natural color this water that we're fishing today is a little bit stained It's normally not the color out throwing this but we're gonna try it first And if we like I said if we have some bites then we're gonna stick to it if we don't we'll switch up We're just gonna start off with this because like I said one of my favorite baits quake 80 If you want to get a discount you can I'll link it down below somebody's been fishing Got a little white lizard.  We're gonna put this in the pocket Oh, yeah, we about to catch first fish today right here. No, I know I'm kind of good at getting out backlashes See you're a twinkie, but Yeah, I got a tick on me Ah guy you pull my hairs out. I got a tick on me, bro Yes, tick on my leg. He was pretty big. I actually felt him. Yeah, I'm bleeding That's why I wore pants. So I didn't know what was gonna be out here. All right, at least we know All right guys, we're gonna be switching over to a fluke right now Chuck that quake just a little bit nothing long, but That's around with it a bit. You see this fence that sinks into the water right here that goes into the water I'm not syncing the water should be a fish realistically next to that This flute can be a really good bait to get one to bite you. Oh He came off right there. That's for first bite today.  Oh my gosh I don't know what I'm gonna do. It looks so good Tony if we could fish that pocket, maybe game over Got him No Dude Yeah, that was crazy. Well first fish today. Look at that.  He ate it like a top water right there That's cool. That might have been the fish that bit me earlier. There's a bunch of weird This is a weird colored bass. Let me tell you this guy's like some weird. Gosh. So weird I think it's a lot to do with that water clarity in here But she's got some weird markings on them. That's awesome. The first fish beautiful one That's how we need to start off today get a fish on the bank And then you can go from there a little pounder. Get you right back I thought he was big for a second when I hooked him.  That's why I just want to move Feel how bad it got frayed and I just retied this.   He's only about a pound second fish.  He's hyper and this time, you know last time I popped it two times really quick And the fish came to the top of the water and ate it. This one right here total opposite I thought I had a bite the cast before I threw it up in there. I let it hit the bottom. I didn't even move it. I was dead sticking it And he just started running to the right Little baby fish about a pound, but that is something we got two fish so far now throw him right back So guys we just pretty much found a pattern like fairly quick. So I caught that fish On that little, you know fence I was going into the water. Oh Dude, there's a boil right where my fluke landed. That was weird. I thought I want to eat it Well, anyways, I caught that one right where that fence was going in the water Then I went down the bank threw off on the edge of this grass just dead stuck it Had one eat it Isaac picked up his jig and within like five casts had two bites one of them being a good one Flipping the edge of these bushes too. I think that's gonna be the trick right now It's like a soft plastic something slower That's what I think the trick's gonna be is just fishing this grass fishing all the flooded bushes And that's what's gonna end up catching a good one in my opinion I mean we caught a couple small ones off of it, but Isaac missed the one that looked like it's really big Let's try to keep on covering water Oh no hammered me So crazy. All right, watch this guys. We're about to catch this fish We're about to catch this fish It's dead stick it and I even touch it. He's got it. That's a pretty good one, man. Golly Look at that. That's about a pound and a half. He's got big head on him. Golly He's got two pounders head and one pounder body Freaking pretty guy though. He bit me the cast before just it's so weird I'm working this flu just having to let it kind of sit and Drift on its own and dead stick that thing and that's what's triggering these fish to bite And I just got him right there out of that little patch Beautiful little fish about a pound and a half. That's the biggest one today though Pretty guy. Let's get you right back in third fish, bro Third bit. Oh god. They're hyper I'll be honest. I think you can catch them better on like a Sanko the way I'm working it I'm just throwing it there and dead sticking it that fish right there bit me and I threw back in there and just let it Sit until my line started moving Oh my gosh. Okay One hook set to the smallest fish in my life I guess I was right, but if big Steve would have cast it in there and caught this I already know he would have been kind of mad, but fourth fish today. I I don't know if Isaac's caught any That is uh That's not what we're looking for that was actually kind of funny I was just lifted up with one arm and the bash just shoots out of the water. I thought it was like a brim Oh Yeah, what? Oh, there's a good one too. Isaac's got him Dude, what? That was crazy. Is there like three pounds? There you go. There's probably what two something I feel great. I wonder if we can get a release from up here No way Isaac literally we're standing on top of this hill and he saw Boyle and cast it on him fish ate it Look at him popping out in the middle Oh my gosh That was a giant That was a giant That was such a big fish.   I had a free on my line. I'll always do this to myself I always do it guys every single time like I do it to myself I want you guys to understand that I'm not I don't know if you saw that Boyle like I did And that fish actually Boyle when he ate my bait that fish right there. I kind of saw the side He could have been eight plus. You've been kidding. That's probably the biggest fish all year. I just broke off like that and I just no more talking about it guys The only thing we're talking about is retine getting back in there and trying to catch one gosh Why do I have to miss a big one? That breaks my heart.  I'm gonna take his rock I don't think I have another ewg I messed up bad right there guys. That was one of the biggest fish I've seen in a very long time I played it so perfect I played it so perfect and I ended up just messing up in the end And his drag is not tightened down. What was that? Do you guys hear that? Big fish just swam off this pile That's actually where I got broken off. Oh, there's multiple There's multiple. There's multiple. It might get bit right here I actually see this thing moving because they're moving around in it.  I broke one off. I think it was probably seven eight pounds right here Dude the fish were so big and they're coming up on this tree No, I broke them off It's like a dude. I swear that fish was the biggest fish of the year No, just biggest fish all year for me Dude, look at the boils, bro. I'm telling you they're huge, man All I have is a shaky head now though That the boil was so big that I thought it was like an alligator, but there's not alligators here Wait a minute Isaac I got one right here. Yeah, see him watch this.   I just Dude, I stuck them, bro. I You think it was about six seven pounds Why did I miss two giants back to back? Well, she just came up and munched that sucker Geez Oh, yeah, that's a good one. Oh, yeah, that's a good one Bradley scooter on in here boy Scooter on in here boy. That's a good one Look at that It's almost a three-pounder. Look at spawned out, bro. Golly. That's a good fish though If she was uh, if she wasn't spawned out be a three-pounder. Yeah, for sure. I still say she's two and a half easy She might be pushing that three First little good fish. Good job, Bradley. Good job. Give me some. Yeah Guys, you see that snake right there? Bradley just stopped me.  I don't like that, man At least that's not A cottonmouth. He was just chilling there, wasn't he? Was that a king snake? No, for black racing Money. I've caught one on that actually jig. It was about three and a half There should be some right here on this corner there. You're about to go over a bed You got him. Golly. He was right on that bed, wasn't he? Well, baby Little baby on the prawn Another fish. It's your second one, right? That might have been been the biggest fish I've ever hooked I've never had a fish hit a trap that hard It snapped me right off for some reason I've never in my life had a fish like I don't even think I've had a fish hit me on anything else Look how clean that is Dude, he hit it so hard Bradley that it Dude, that was why it could break that clean.  You get him? You got him? I'm gonna throw this rod of yours. Bradley, I'm not even kidding, dude. That fish might have been 10 plus I'm being serious.  Did you see that? I was like almost a three pounder He swam out of the grass that I casted in Get him.  That is a three pounder That's a good one, dude Holy cow.  He ain't post spawn That was a fish that swam off the bank. Yeah, I know that's incredible. That was insane That was that was so cool You know, uh, I'm praying that the gopro solox is super clear. That was actually really cool. He saw us too Bro, that is a solid three pounder. Holy cow. This is the football. That's a big fish, man. Yeah, good job Dude, that was dope. See she swam. I threw up on that grass She swam all the way off in the grass and somehow Bradley got her attention I didn't think she was gonna eat that easy. That's pretty cool I literally looked to my left and it was just right there in front of me just put it in his mouth. I was like, oh No, they do Dude, I literally stopped my gopro.  That was cool. Did you watch him eat it? That was so neat is the waters are so clear. You can really just sight fish them That was awesome. I didn't see that bass. So he came right out of that Guck that he just threw in right there This cut look at the bass color from being in there It's awesome. Dude, that's so cool. That was such a cool catch I wish I could have showed you guys let's shut off my camera This color right here the green pumpkin blue is perfect perfect for this water I just killed it. I can't see him because of sun You got him? Ooh Nice Jeez, he's fighting hard That was that one on that bed, wasn't it?  Stuck him earlier, but he wouldn't bite. Was that on the clock?


Well, with Christmas only four days away, many people will be hitting the roads over the next couple of days, and across the United States, over 51 million Americans are expected to travel this holiday weekend. With snow and cold temperatures in the forecast, MnDOT has plows ready to clear the roadways, but with the addition of holiday travelers on area roads, motorists are advised to plan ahead. When you're going to be traveling at any time, but especially over the holiday, is give yourself time. Understand that when snow comes in, it's going to take you longer to get where you need to go.  And it's really going to make your travel plans easier if you can build in those contingencies or just build in, you know, a lot longer time for you to get there. For those who will be traveling on the roads this holiday weekend and happen to go into the ditch due to poor driving conditions, law enforcement recommends not calling 911 unless it's an emergency. If you drive off in the ditch and no one is hurt and it's not an emergency situation, you can call a wrecker and you can, and it's of course suggested that you call law enforcement and notify them that everything's okay. For up to date road conditions and travel information, you can visit MnDOT's website at 511mn.org. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Good morning. Today, 4-H members from across the state of Alabama would have been here at the 4-H Center competing in over 18 state competitions during our annual state competitive defense day. Unfortunately, we're unable to be here face to face, but the 4-H family wanted you 4-Hers to know how extremely proud we are of you. We know you've worked extremely hard on your extreme birdhouse projects, what would you feel, cooking, baking, photography, and much more. Also today, we would recognize our 2019-2020 senior achievement winners with our 2020-2021 state ambassadors. Let's check out those 4-H members now. Congratulations 4-H members. We all know that you all worked extremely hard this year. Let us all continue to make the best better for our club, our community, our country, and our world.