Now, insha'Allah, I'm going to go into the ta'leem fi al-il l-qirat, the books that have been written in al-il l-qirat. When I say, insha'Allah, that I want to speak about the books that have been written in al-il l-qirat, what I mean by that is, as a subject and a science, al-il l-qirat, the works that have been written in it. I'm not referring to the books that have spoken about issues related to qiraat like the Kitab, the Kitab al-Fadail by Abu Ubaid Qasim al-Salam, may Allah have mercy on him. And this is the Kitab that deals with the problem of the Qur'an, whether it is by Ibn Qutayba or Mas'ahif, by Abu Dawud, Ibn Abi Dawud, may Allah have mercy on him. And the books that have been written in al-Qur'an, may Allah have mercy on them. And the interpretation of the Torah, and the meaning of the Qur'an, and the meaning of the Qur'an that is hidden, and the interpretation of the women, may Allah have mercy on them. Or even the al-Mas'ahif, the Mus'ahif by Muhammad, and what he mentioned in the or Sunan by Dawud, by Ibn Maja al-Nasa'i. I'm not referring to that. Or the Kitab of Sibawi, or even the Kitab al-Muqtadab written by al-Mubarrat. Al-Mubarrat is the Sheikh of Zajjaj. All of these scholars, they tackled issues related to al-Ulm al-Qur'an, without a doubt. And there are mubahith, there are segments, and there are chapters where you take from it al-Ulm al-Qur'an, al-Qur'an, and issues related to it. Because in our previous episode, I spoke about how al-Ulm al-Qur'an entices many other sciences. When I say al-Talif al-Ulm al-Qur'an, the books that have been written in al-Ulm al-Qur'an, I'm speaking about as an independent science, okay? As an independent science. So, as an independent science that stands by itself, that has its Dawabid, has its Qawa'id, has its structure. The scholars have categorized the books that have been written in it in three types. The first one is al-Qutb al-Mufrada, al-Qur'at al-Imam al-A'imah. A book that has written in a particular Qari, or a particular Imam from the Qur'an. So, you find a particular Qari is being spoken about here, like Hafs and Asim, for example. This book only talks about this. So, some Qutb al-Qur'at, that's how it is. It's specific to a Qari from the Qur'an. The second type of books that have been written in al-Qur'at is Qutb al-Qur'at al-Muhsah. It doesn't have in there only one Qari, but it has more than that. Which we're going to mention, either seven, eight, five, two, or more. And the third type is Qutb, which are considered Tawjih al-Qur'at. They explain the variations and the reasoning behind the Qur'at. So, those are the three types of books that have been written in al-Qur'at. Who is the first person who wrote in al-Qur'at? Scholars, they differed amongst themselves. One scholar written, one scholar, Ibn Atiyah, in the Muqaddim of his Tafseer, he said that the first person who written is Yahya ibn Ya'mar. Yahya ibn Ya'mar, he died the 90th year of the Hijriah. So, if it is true that Yahya ibn Ya'mar was the first person to write in al-Qur'at, then al-Qur'at was written in the 90th year of the Hijriah. That was when it first written as an independent science. That's very early. But I haven't seen anyone mention that other than Ibn Atiyah in his Muqaddim of his Tafseer. And even when he mentioned it, he mentioned it as Rwiyah, it was narrated that Yahya ibn Ya'mar had written a book in al-Qur'at. That's what he said. He said it was narrated. And when I looked up the biography of Yahya ibn Ya'mar, I haven't come across anyone whatsoever who actually said that Yahya ibn Ya'mar has a Kitab in al-Qur'at. So that's a point to keep in mind, insha'Allah. But what is famous and is famous in the Ahli al-Fan? What is famous and common amongst the Ulama and Al-Qur'at? The first person who wrote in Al-Qur'at is Abu Ubaid al-Qasim ibn As-Salam, who died the year 224 Hijriah. That he is the first person who written. That's the most famous opinion amongst the Ulama. And that's why Imam al-Jazariyah said that the first Imam, Mu'attabar, who was taken into consideration, who combined Al-Qur'at is Abu Ubaid al-Qasim ibn As-Salam was the first person who wrote in the science. And he said Imam al-Mu'attabar, an Imam that's taken into consideration, the first person is Abu Ubaid al-Qasim ibn As-Salam, and as I said, Abu Ubaid al-Qasim ibn As-Salam died the year 224 Hijriah. And he then said that Abu Ubaid al-Qasim ibn As-Salam, when he wrote his Kitab in Qura'at, the Qur'at that he brought inside there were 25. I mean, 25 Qura'at. In the 25, of course, is the seven Qura'at, the seven Qura'at that we have in the Kitab, which we will mention in the Qura'at soon. So according to the most prominent, the most famous opinion to the people of Qura'at, or the scholars of Qura'at is that Abu Ubaid al-Qasim ibn As-Salam was the first person to write in Qura'at. So this opinion that says, Ya'him ibn Ya'amar seems very weak. Maqat ibn Sulaiman also seems very weak, their opinion. Al-Imam al-Kisa'i also seems like a very weak opinion. And anyone other than that, the strongest according to the scholars of Qura'at is that the first person who wrote in this science is Abu Ubaid al-Qasim ibn As-Salam. But the issue is we don't have his works. Abu Ubaid al-Qasim ibn As-Salam, he's mafqud. For now we don't have it. It's lost. It's the works that we don't have which are lost. So, what is the earliest work that we have? The earliest work that we have is an Imam known as Abu Bakr ibn Mujahid, Rahimahullah. He wrote a book called As-Sab'aaf al-Qura'at. He wrote a book called Seven in Qura'at. Abu Bakr ibn Mujahid wrote, he made the Qura'at into seven. As scholars have discussed why he did that. Some scholars, they said he did it Tabarruqan wa Tayyamunan. He did it Tabarruqan. He wanted to get barakah from the hadith al-Ahruf al-Saba'a. Because the Prophet, sallallahu alayhi wasallam, said, that the Qur'an came down in seven Ahruf, seven dialects. Ibn Mujahid wanted to follow the Prophet, sallallahu alayhi wasallam, in that. So what he did was, he wrote the Qura'at in seven. Now the Qura'at and the Ahruf, are they one and the other? Are they the same thing? What is the relationship between the two? Again, don't worry about that. We will come to it, insha'Allah. But what we need to understand is, Abu Bakr ibn Mujahid wrote a book in which he called it, Kitab al-Saba'a. He has seven Qura'at. In this seven Qura'at book, he has he confused many people, based on that. How did he confuse them? Because he called his Kitab al-Saba'at, in Qura'at. So many people assumed that the Kitab al-Saba'a of Abu Bakr ibn Mujahid is actually the same as the seven Ahruf that the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wasallam was talking about. And they thought this is one and the other. And he confused so many people and scholars discussed that. But we will leave that discussion for when we speak about what al-Ahruf al-Saba'a actually means. Abu Bakr ibn Mujahid, he passed away after he authored his book. A scholar by the name of al-Hussain ibn Uthman al-Baghdadi, who died a year 378 Hijriya. He came and he wrote a book in Qura'at. And after that came al-Imam Ali al-Daraqutni, who died a year 385 Hijriya who also wrote after Abu Bakr ibn Mujahid and after al-Hussain ibn Uthman al-Baghdadi. After those came Abu al-Fat'h Uthman ibn Jinni who died a 392 Hijriya who also wrote in al-Qura'at. So what we have is we have Abu Ubaid Qasim sallam who died a 224 Hijriya. His book in Qura'at we don't have it. After him came Abu Bakr ibn Mujahid who died a 324 Hijriya. After him came al-Hussain ibn Uthman al-Baghdadi and after him came al-Imam Ali al-Daraqutni and after him came Abu al-Fat'h ibn Uthman al-Jinni and Allah have mercy upon all of them. So when it was the 5th century great scholars came out and they authored. I'm going to mention two great scholars who written in al-Qura'at the 5th century Makim ibn Abi Al-Talib who wrote a book that you can see in Qura'at 7 and Abu Amr al-Dani who wrote his book Al-Taisir in Qura'at 7 and after he came two great scholars also read in al-Qura'at Abu al-Ala al-Hammadani and al-Imam al-Shatibi Abu al-Ala al-Hammadani wrote a Qura'at 10 so he made it 10 and al-Imam al-Shatibi he wrote his Qura'at al-Alamani in Qura'at 7 and this Qura'at al-Imam al-Shatibi wrote it's a poetry form of the Qura'at al-Taisir written by Abu Amr al-Dani and he says he said that this book it's a summary of the Kitab al-Taisir by Abu Amr al-Dani that this Kitab is a summary of the Kitab written by Abu Amr al-Dani called al-Taisir and al-Shatibi say that and then he also mentioned that it's not just a summary of it and a conclusion of it but rather he's going to add some benefits and some Fawwain here or there and some places he's going to sprinkle some benefits for us which he did if you look at the book al-Alamani a lot of places he makes dua, he gives reminders he gives a heart softening point and a beneficial things he mentions al-Imam al-Shatibi what is actually amazing is that he didn't only just make poetic form the Kitab al-Taisir in the science of al-Qaraat written by Abu Amr al-Dani he also made a poetry on another Kitab written by Abu Amr al-Dani, he did the same to that as well called al-Muqna Abu Amr al-Dani has a Kitab called al-Muqna and this Kitab al-Muqna is published by Lillah al-Hamdi wal Minna it's not published in two volumes in this Kitab al-Muqna it talks about the Rasim al-Mas'haf al-Imam al-Shatibi you came and he also made a poetry on that one he called it al-Aqeelat al-Atalabi al-Qasai and and he did the same thing to that one he added benefits in there as well reminders and etc so al-Imam al-Shatibi his Kitab al-Hiruz al-Abali was written in the 6th century of Islam the 7th century a scholar by the name of Ali ibn Muhammad al-Saghawi and Al-Muddin Abu al-Hasan and don't confuse this Saghawi with the student of Ibn al-Hadir al-Saghawi that one is called Shamsuddin al-Saghawi who wrote the Kitab al-Muqith which explains the Kitab al-Fiatu al-Iraqi the teacher of Ibn al-Hadir so the student explains the teacher's book don't confuse it with that Saghawi this Saghawi is before all of that his name is Ali ibn Muhammad al-Saghawi his nickname is Al-Muddin and his khunya was Abu al-Hasan he wrote a Kitab called Fathu al-Wasid and he actually explained the Hirs al-Amani and his explanation is the first explanation of the Shatibiyah that we have today it's the first actual explanation on it so that was written in the 7th century where he went in details explaining it but it's actually not the best explanation I'm going to point out that the best explanation out even though time doesn't allow it and I would have compared the explanations but the best explanation is Siraj al-Qari Al-Muqasih Sharah is the best of the Kitab Hirs al-Amani but it's not the earliest explanation the explanation is this one Fathu al-Wasid and the easiest and the most summarized and the most basic explanation of the Kitab Hirs al-Amani is the Al-Wafi by Abdul Fattah al-Qadi Abdul Fattah al-Qadi is Sharah on the Hirs al-Amani which is very basic it's easy, a beginner can take that from a teacher in the 9th century Shaykh al-Mukri'in Ibn al-Jazari came Rahimahullah and he wrote an amazing book called Al-Nashr Kitab is it's five volumes and it's with the T'aqeeq of Aiman al-Swayt with the T'aqeeq of Aiman al-Swayt hafizahullahu ta'ala this Kitab al-Nashr al-Qara'at al-Ashr Ibn al-Jazari Rahimahullah wrote his final and last opinions in this field and he had books before that where he spoke about things like his Munjid al-Mukri'in and mentioned things there but the Kitab al-Nashr al-Qara'at al-Ashr is the final version of Ibn al-Jazari Rahimahullah and what he did was he made a a poem of poetry of this Kitab called it T'aqeeq at al-Nashr what's amazing is the T'aqeeq at al-Nashr has it has more Quran than the Quran and it also has more Turq than the Hirs al-Amani but it has less lines of poetry means less lines of poetry whereas Hirs al-Amani is 100 or something this one is only 1000 something Ibn al-Jazari summarized it more than T'aqeeq Ibn al-Jazari Rahimah gave acceptance to the Hirs al-Amani why because of the way that Imam al-Shatil is language and the way he wrote it and the beauty in it is just something else I personally have never seen any Islamic science poetry that's written as beautiful as Hirs al-Amani the beauty in it the eloquency in it the structure that Sheikh Rahimah Allah did it all the other sciences you find it's a bit rigid it's a bit hard but this one flows and smooth and it's so well presented Rahimah Allah so T'aqeeq at al-Nashr is the poetic form of the Kitab al-Nashr al-Qara'at al-Aashr well that if a student of knowledge when he wants to memorize the Ilm al-Qara'at he's advised to first of all memorize the Hirs al-Amani which is the seven Qura'at that he mentions jazal allahu bil khayrat lana qalu qurana adb and salsala al-Sama'a al-Ula al-Adli Al-Shatil mentions seven and he mentions for each of those Qura'at two Rawis then Ibn al-Jazari came and what he did was he wrote the Kitab al-Durra he did the same but two Rawis for three extra narrators three extra Qura'at abid ja'far ya'aqoob al-Khalaf ya'adi those three in there two Rawis for both each made it ten so the student memorizes the Hirs al-Amani then he goes for the Dura now he has the Qura'at al-Sughra and then what he does is that he goes to the which has more than one Rawi for every Qari this is now called the Qura'at which is the Qubra there he did what he did was he emerged the two into one he called it al-Budur al-Zahira fi al-Qura'at al-Ashrat al-Mutawatira min tariqay al-Shatibiyat al-Durra so what he did is he took the Tariqa min tariqay al-Shatibiyat al-Durra he took the Shatibiyah and the Dura emerged him so the student can take that book and benefit from it the Kitab al-Shatibiyah as I mentioned from the Shahr'ah al-Fatah al-Wassid in the Shahr'ah al-Qasid written by Al-Muddeen al-Sakhawi also from the Shahr'ah is the Kitab al-Ali al-Faridah by al-Fasi Ibrahim Al-Ma'ani by Abisham Al-Makdisi Siraj Al-Qari by Ibn Al-Qasih and Al-Wafi by Al-Qami but as I said the best Shahr'ah for it without a shadow of a doubt is the Kitab written by Siraj Al-Qari by Ibn Al-Qasih and the Shahr'ah of Ibn Al-Qasih is the best also another Kitab that a person should really look into and buy and have is the the Tadkira by Ibn Al-Galboun the Tadkira by Ibn Al-Galboun Rahimahullah he has in there 8 Qur'a and the Kitab is very beneficial it's recommended for the student to have Ibn Al-Jazari Rahimahullah all of his works in al-Qara'at are books that it has become the reference point for all of the after Ibn Al-Jazari all the scholars that came after Ibn Al-Jazari they became dependent on Ibn Al-Jazari but those are the most common the most famous books that are written and it's very necessary brothers and sisters that you read these books and you study them to have an understanding of the science al-Qara'at these books give you a good understanding and grounding once you've studied these books and you've learnt it from its people and the scholars of that field then and only then is it wise for a person to read the orientalists and what they have said because if you don't know what is for you you will not be able to defend the correct path you will not be able to respond to the doubts that are brought so study these books read them, go over them and study them deeply you'll find a lot of answers in there when we become ignorant of these books and we abandon them and all we read is what an orientalist wrote here or a Christian wrote here or even a modern day graduate from a particular university wrote here and we depend on that book this shows the weakness of our studying and our learning those are the most prominent books that have been written those are the famous works that are out there for a person to study and read al-Qara'at Assalamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuhu how can you do a two second action right now that will give you a share of the reward of everything we're doing on this youtube channel simple like this video and click subscribe why? it will allow youtube to recommend our videos to other users and imagine the huge amount of reward that could be waiting for you on the day of judgement we did that with a sincere intention of spreading the deen of Allah you'll be rewarded for every single person who benefits from one of our videos as a result of your like or subscribe that's an easy two second action that you definitely don't want to miss out on do it now, click like and subscribe and don't forget to make that intention


Welcome once again to the breakfast here on plus TV Africa now Let's go to the newspapers of the press and let's see what we can share with you our guests It will be joining us of course So we'll introduce him right after sharing a major stories making headlines across Nigeria today I'm starting with the punch newspapers the big one there says record envoy and diplomat arrived today Indonesia defends assault We shall take action after discussing with the envoy says federal government Nigerian diplomat the aggressor airboard immigration officials as ambassador Hush Poppy 31 northern lawyers volunteer to defend carry against FBI federal government laments as abductors collect extra 24 million Naira on Baptist school students A businessman lands in Kirikiri for alleged defilement of three underaged daughters A sad story Ghani Faohi Misan Muhammad dies at 52 Also on the punch this morning teenage headsman with AK-47 rifle arrested in Ogong Forest police trail gang members And presidency Bode George rebukes tenable supporters recommends checkup Shell agrees 45.9 billion Naira Ogoni oil spiel payment 10 years after judgment And also twitter has agreed to set up Nigeria office in 2022 says the federal government We can say here 4528 Nigerian doctors move to uk in six years says council and NARD strike federal government always breaching agreements alleges NMA federal government reintroduces tall plazas Nigeria Nigerians to pay 500 Naira and 200 Naira per trip And finally Naira tombos to 515 as dollar scarcity persists Let's turn to the daily trust that's ruling ever federal government to lose taxes and mid dwindling revenue States with low revenue profile will suffer that according to experts If I arrest to appeal as justice ministry studies case River says we only interpreted constitution Death wish DSS grills ex-governor Bindo over audio on Buhari federal government set to lift Twitter's expansion lie Mohammed Fashella says we're ready to reintroduce tall on highways story on Betel Baptist high school on page 39 rather 39 days that they've been abducted it's School children in captivity Sally who tank with Islamic school to Gina children have been in captivity for 74 days and federal government college Biniyari students have been in captivity for 57 days Nigeria fifth highest world bank debtor owes 4.8 trillion Naira Our autumn says election in 2023 say your last prayer Navy rescues 12 sailors from sinking fishing vessels off Lagos coast and lastly court romance herbalist others for killing man Moving on to the nation niggas papers tall payment returns on 5,050 kilometer federal highways FEC ok's proposal Implementation starts after completion of projects DSS quizzes from a government five others over anti-Buhari comments Ward congresses apc gets petitions from 14 states no plan to lead party again says Osho molle We can also see on the nation this morning Had arrested with ak-47 in ogun 80 percent of artisans are foreigners And uh, mohammed farani. He me dies at 53 Kamosa as his heartbroken A courager loses bid to stop takeover of houses and others and also shell agrees on 45 billion naira compensation to oguni federal government and twitter closed to agreement. That's the last one under nation newspapers finally on the guardian international youth More youth takes a gambling cybercrime to escape exclusion Experts way cast as federal government plans to on ban twitter platform targets 2022 to open local office FDI's msme's government badly impacted as losses hit 169 billion naira 69 days after experts want investment in indigenous messaging apps Also the garden newspaper List three new drugs for testing on COVID-19 patients ITPC he has given an exclusive into how graft-owned stable economy feels insecurity Autumn says Nigeria has never been more divided federal government reintroduced tall plazas on highway says minister and shella agrees to pay oguni people 45.9 billion naira compensation Mr. Hedgehog public affairs analyst. Good morning. Thank you for joining us So there's a judgment that was issued in june 2010 toward compensation to the sum of 45.9 billion naira To oguni communities that really wasn't obeyed and years later was seen The royal dot show company. I'm saying that they're willing to make those payments today Do you see this as good news or like us? I already have said that you know it really doesn't make any difference on the pockets of those companies Two ways to look at it. The first is that better late than never. I'll look at it that way The second is that it's not about the dent in their pockets Which of course like Osara says is minimal But the good it can do to the land and my my concern is I really pray and hope that a system put in place where the money would be judiciously spent And not the one you tell me that oh 10% has already gone to legal charge and percent has gone to this and all sorts of things Let them be very clear guidelines. I want to call on all oguni elders to come together And devise ways of ensuring that this money benefits the generality Of the area particularly in the area of ensuring healthcare facilities and of course Taking care of the younger people in treating things that will set up the oguni youth Particularly as those who can have a future. I don't know what the terms are the whatever the terms are The oguni people To ensure that this money is a blessing to them and not a curse So for me better late that never could it be better? Yes, it could have been is it a drop in the ocean We know compared with what they have gotten from the oguni land. Yes, it is Can we do better? Let's take that as a first step utilize it well and then we'll be able to have reason to to make it further Demand. All right Let's also get your thoughts on the reintroduction of toll in on federal highways The minister says cars will pay 500 nair and 200 nair 200 nair and then trucks will pay 500 nair There's also a 150 nair for bosses. I I believe Do you see this as a good news? We live in a country Where we we thrive in living in deniers and I think that The federal government does not have money They don't have money and with this judgment on that that is likely to even bring more hardship on the federal government Consequently the question is How do we get to maintain our infrastructure? In a way that is sustainable If that is to be the pay Then the first thing is that they are setting prices. We've got to pay Introducing the tolls ordinarily would be a good thing, but I want the government to tell me How the dynamics are going to work out.  Can we do it such that? at at the point you are passing it's electronic so that the people Manning the gates are different from, you know, the way the the the the entry points are Such that you get a token And you get there and you drop the token and it opens and you pass which means that we can get full value for money And that unlike Nigerian or in way the Nigerian government does not to the best of my knowledge have That's that's that meter at the rig At the point of extraction That can tell you the full volume that comes off the ground on a daily basis If we're able to do the tooling such that we know that every single Vehicle plays and we don't need to count the money We just look at you know meters and we know the amount of money that we just remove corruption altogether And then what is the management process of these Funds released. These are all the details that should be worked out And if that is done, I think it would be good for us. We start to have roads that are sustainable Okay on the daily trust and the nation newspaper We saw the stories about It's seeming end of the line with the brigade and the federal government and twitter And you know the friction that they're having so on the daily trust the reads federal government sets a lift twitter suspension That's according to line mohammed. We also saw the story that By 2022 twitter Would likely open an office in nigeria. So we all knew the story about how twitter was suspended indefinitely In nigeria two months ago So they set up a technical committee to discuss this and you know Some of the agreements that they reached was that twitter was going to register with the broadcast organization of nigeria I was going to register with the ncc was going to register with the firs Was going to open a nigerian office appoint a nigerian country representative And all of that. So when we look, you know in hindsight with everything that's happened Would you say that maybe This works out well for nigeria because it seems that the country might benefit in terms of taxes and having more You know involvement in the operations of twitter or would you say that was not necessary to have happened at all We live in a country where we don't believe in cerebral governance It doesn't need to take a fight for you to resolve national issues It just techniques for it to have a national think tank economic think tank political think tank The presidency has all it takes if it has The right person in it for it to create groups subgroups that are futuristic You know in in technology what we don't understand is that the phone that you are using today the technology was developed Probably 15 years ago Tested the people who live the future. There are people who think the future They are like 20 years ahead. That's how technology is developed and not a knee-jerk approach And what bothers me is All these things didn't need twitter to elit the twitter mr. President For them to now start having this knee-jerk approach and all you know It just needs us as Nigerians to sit down And understand what government and governance is I call on I could never be tired of doing this I call on the elite I call on those of us that got as privileged to enjoy this country And use that you know advised me those that have been able to go to school one way or the other To sit down and stop this narrative of Tilupu Okay, miss. I told miss. I told speaking speaking directly to the issue I'm trying to say that All these terms and conditions that the federal government has tabled before twitter Would you say at the end of the day it's beneficial to us? Speaking directly to the issue. Yes or no does not solve Nigeria's problem. It doesn't The important thing is This could have been done Way back if we had a thinking government and let's play down on this analyzing issues that arise Because this will always bring you issues to analyze issues to analyze Should it have been you need not have been the issue on ground is What is our concept understanding of government and governance? That's the foundation.  I won't do that. I'm too busy for that I'm more interested in what could have been done For us to move forward All right, Mr. Ayatollah. Can you quickly also say something? The death of Mohammed Fahwa Ami was announced yesterday. We had spoken to him. I think early in June On the June 12 celebration That was the last interview that plus TV had with him. It was announced yesterday that he had passed on At the age of 52 or 53. All right, can you quickly respond to that or say something about that? Bad unfortunate. I wish the family got 42 to bear the loss I hope we'll have something to say something about the youth as well Hopefully all right. And of course there's a story on the nation this morning that is speaking on the dss Arresting it says here dss squeezes former governor and five others over anti-buhari comments Is it illegal? dss don't have a lot of work to do so they can work on that people have opinion on mr. President I think as natural as we should wish him well But I don't know how that makes a headline that somebody says I don't wish the president well And then that makes the headline in all national dailies how how today is national youth day Do you understand what that means? And we're sitting down here telling somebody that mr. President They should I wish mr. President well We wish our president well, but for goodness sake people are dying this night People are dying this night because of my governance Let's let's major on the majors and lever If you would have noticed I'm not good at all this analysis of people's situations Somebody says I don't wish president well and that makes the headline across Meanwhile the headlines the headline really is about the dss quizzing these persons for Because they said that I wish that the virus because what he said was that he wished that the coronavirus had taken the life of the president and that you know Vice president That's an irresponsible comment that should be at one insight story That's an irresponsible comment that should be one insight story What would you talk about is the economy? How do you go from here? How can that make a headline? That's just gist gist cannot make headline The other side does that say that great people discuss ideas small small minds discuss people That's people not ideas. No one will move this country forward. I think that's an irresponsible comment Personally, I wouldn't I wouldn't say that I wouldn't wish my president bad. Do you understand me? But that's not going to make a headline it can't Okay in this country Going straight to the international youth day topic The garden newspaper has a story about this They're saying that one in every one in every six unemployed youth globally and nigerians They went on to say that youth innovation is a catalyst for development And that youths need to be empowered to participate in electoral promises electoral processes And they say that so chances of survival are slim that's um nigerian youths saying this and um The headline on the garden newspaper reads international youth day More youth take to gambling and cyber crime to escape exclusion In the age of social media now where it seems there are lots of avenues for people to communicate to people globally It seems that that have opened up avenues for people to um take to cyber crime We've seen the classical case of hosh poppy Do you do you see this as something that could possibly die down that maybe Parents instilling you know values and morals into youths for this to be a thing of the past this Cyber crime and gambling Yeah, I I um I'm privileged to be called the national youth headmaster That's because for the past 20 Years or so I've devoted my time to Working with the young people Because we've misled the young people for too long We tell somewhere that is 35 that is a young person is a youth and all those things And you know that at that age when you go to look for a job that will tell you sorry you are too old I mean it is it's a paradox It's a contradiction that we need to look into So the national youth are amongst the most resourceful in the whole world But our systems have not created wings for them to fly instead We have our political system has succeeded in making the youth become their boys In making the youth become their thoughts in giving the youth the impression that Unless you go told to my Aspiration you cannot become anything in life a young person has his political mentor Who helps him to buy a car helps him to rent a house helps him to marry the wife Helps him to to get his children's goofy space helps him to you know Helps him to do everything by so doing creating a dependency syndrome and exploiting the young person And reducing everything about self-worth to next to nothing and turning them to political thoughts And the question is when will we have a coalition of you know older people who come to Work and serve the younger people I belong to an organization called here for she which is men who have decided to Join hands and defend women We should also have a coalition of adults for the youth Where we start to think in terms of how these young people their capacities They are all their Their capacities. Let me use that can be enhanced. So for me It's such a contradiction That the most endowed set of young people in the world are becoming the most You know Endangered where so today is a day where we can sit down and really look at the youth Take this cyber crime stuff I've related with them a lot You can easily buy a policy create an ecosystem That isolates cyber crime From the it which is the way of the future that you must as a policy a national policy Every educated natural youth should have a laptop And not that the police should go after every youth with a laptop at his backpack You know, so we need to have a complete paradigm shift By harnessing the Potentials of this youth in the right direction So for me it's a contradiction and it's a day of super reflection on how we can help the youth The youth of Nigeria not lazy youths the youth of Nigeria not recalcitrant They just need role models some days back. I was talking to our elders. I said when a governor On a podium, who do you see sitting with him? It's not that man or that young person that has Done at a creative thing. It is not that teacher that has excelled It is not that businessman that he can tell where he's coming from. It is honorable chairman Honorable commissioner honorable this so to the minds of the young people The only way for you to be something is for you to become honorable this on and that's a lie That's not a sustainable future. That is politics and politics is not about progress Politics in Nigeria is about exploitation. And so the youth have seen that just get it Whichever way come in become honorable and the society says, okay How long will we as elders accept that? Finally, let me say this. I said something in the media that went viral Children are leaders of tomorrow Youths are leaders of today You can call a 39 year old person leader of tomorrow. It's wrong He's leader of today. So let's change that narrative Children are leaders of tomorrow. The youths are leaders of today and we the adults must look into what I call Responsibility transfer to the youth All right Thank you. We have a you know an extended conversation about that coming up in a bit But thank you very much for your thoughts this morning. Thanks for joining us on a thursday morning Ezekiel Thank you. Have a great day and happy youth day Oh, yeah All right, stay with us. We'll take a short break when we come back We're going back in history to tell you things that happened today many years ago the year 2000 and in 1964 Stay with us


been a fabulous intern over at the VA. He's done an absolutely fantastic job. The interns, I don't think, have any idea what they're getting themselves into until they get over there. But he's done a fantastic job lining up our surgeries for us and making the transition to the Moran much easier. But he'll be talking about angiotensin-converting enzyme and corneal neovascularization. And I'll turn the time over to him. Thanks, Snow, for that kind introduction. I want to thank everybody for the opportunity to speak this morning. As an intern, I'm not drawing from a deep well of knowledge and experience, but I did want to take this opportunity to share with you some research that I had, the opportunity to be a part of as a third and fourth year medical student. And that was in this particular area looking at the potential connection between angiotensin converting enzyme and corneal neovascularization. So just by way of introduction, those of you with clinical experience know that ACE inhibitors, in alloprol being one, are among the most common anti-hypertensives prescribed for hypertension. And they have been since the 1960s when they were introduced. They act on the renin angiotensin system, which you can see outlined in this graphic over here. Specifically, they act at this step, which is the conversion of angiotensin-1 to angiotensin-2 by angiotensin-converting enzyme. And angiotensin-2 carries out most of the physiologic functions in this cascade and acts on two well-described receptors, the AT-1 receptor and the AT-2 receptor. Specifically, it has two broad areas of effects. One is by increasing aldosterone expression. And aldosterone works in the kidney to increase sodium absorption and thereby increasing fluid volume and blood pressure. It also has several aldosterone-independent effects, one being vasoconstriction, anti-diuretic hormone release, anti-diuretic hormone acts on the distal portions of the nephron to lead to free water resorption. And also down below, I put some more recently described actions of the downstream effects of angiotensin-2, which include cell proliferation, chemotaxis, and increased VEGF transcription, VEGF being vascular endothelial growth factor. So if you look at this group that I've outlined in yellow, it's quite interesting when you look at increased cell turnover, the migration of cells, and the elaboration of cytokines like VEGF, those are all key precursors to angiogenesis and neovascularization. So it's quite interesting to think that blockage of this cascade may affect those cellular activities as well. So just kind of a little background as to how these activities were described. So this is kind of an interesting case study as to how research works, which often starts with an intriguing observation, which leads to an idea, which leads to testing that idea first in a lab, in vitro, in petri dishes, then in animals, and then in humans. So it started about a little over 10 years ago in 1998 when a man named Lever and his colleagues made this interesting observation, just epidemiologically, that hypertensive patients undergoing long-term treatment with ACE inhibitors had a decreased incidence of breast and lung cancers. And here you can see that it's a little over half, 0.65 versus 1.1%. And this was very interesting. They didn't have a whole lot of background as to why this would be the case at the time, but it certainly tweaked a lot of ears and got a lot of people going in the lab as far as looking at why this would be the case. Fast forward about 10 years and we can find that individuals with certain ACE gene insertion deletion polymorphisms, which lead to increased ACE activity, have a 38 to 80% increased incidence of breast cancer. And this increased risk can be ameliorated or even reversed by ACE inhibitor therapy. So can you imagine going to your doctor and saying, I have a really strong history of breast cancer in my family, what can I do to decrease my risk? And most of us wouldn't think to give our patients an anti-hypertensive, but that's what this study appears to suggest may be a benefit in these certain individuals. Fast forwarding from the observation phase to the testing phase, multiple studies have demonstrated that ACE inhibitor therapy decreases in vitro, preneoplastic lesions, cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, and VEGF in human carcinomas in petri dishes in the lab. This is very interesting. This pretty recent research, 2007, 2008. So moving on from in vitro studies to models in animals, mouse models of lung, gastric, pancreatic carcinomas have demonstrated that the way that ACE inhibitors decrease angiogenesis in these models is by blocking transcription of VEGF. So the way that they did this is they looked at all these different models, and then they looked at circulating, circulating VEGF levels in these animals. And what they found is that in these animals, with these particular models of cancer, if they treated them with ACE inhibitors, that the VEGF levels in their sera was markedly reduced. So studies in both animal and human tumors have demonstrated a correlation between the extent of angiotensin receptor expression with VEGF expression in those tumors, tumor angiogenesis, and tumor invasiveness. So not only does it appear that this cascade that I showed on that second slide, the renin angiotensin system, affects the elaboration of VEGF, it also affects the clinical characteristics of the cancer, as in its ability to invade surrounding tissues, form new blood vessels, and elaborate these cytokines. So some of you may be asking, well, why is Daniel speaking so much about cancer when this test is supposed to be about blood vessel formation in the eye? So I did my training in Arkansas, so you have to forgive me, but the areas of research on cancers and neovascularization are really kissing cousins, and that's because these cancers, often when they have such high metabolic activity, they have such a demand for tissue, such a demand for blood, they have to recruit their own blood supply, that obviously is not a part of the normal anatomy, and one of the ways they do that is by elaborating these cytokines, VEGF being one, and it's a very potent stimulator of new blood vessel formation. This next bullet is a little bit closer to home for us, as eye care professionals, and that shows that a couple of recent clinical trials have shown up to a 65% reduction in the progression of diabetic retinopathy in patients who are in ACE inhibitors or ARB, and so this is from an article in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2009, and also the direct trial, which stands for the diabetic retinopathy Candisartan trial, and we've known for some time that in patients with diabetic retinopathy, particularly proliferative diabetic retinopathy, that if you look at VEGF levels within the vitreous, that they're quite elevated, so this does make some sense. Yes, they looked at both in these studies, they looked at progression of NPDDR and PDR, specifically they looked at progression of, well, obviously the earlier progression where they had more room to go forward was reduced more than the far advanced PDR patients, primarily yes, but even PDR was reduced in these studies. I'm not trying to suggest that it isn't, and that certainly is a possibility, and they addressed that in the study itself. So what can we take from all these lines of evidence? What's the take home point? I would suggest that the downstream cleavage products of the renin angiotensin systems via all these lines of evidence have been shown to promote angiogenesis in a wide variety of settings, from in vitro models to animal models, and thus inhibition of this cascade may represent a new therapy or direction for trying to block angiogenesis in vivo, and so that's what we decided to look at. So our question was this, will inhibition of ACE with enalapril block corneal angiogenesis in a rabbit model of VEGF induced corneal neovascularization? So again, we're kind of drawing from our animal companions on this planet to tell us a little bit about the human condition. So first, in order for this to be a feasible experiment, we have to show that there is a local renin angiotensin system in the cornea. If there is not, then we have no reason to believe that systemic treatment with enalapril would have any localized effect. And actually, local renin angiotensin systems have been well described elsewhere in the body, including cardiac lung, vascular, and particularly renal tissue. And even elsewhere in the eye, including the ciliary body, vitreous, coroid, and retina. But in perusing the literature before this study, it was really not all that well characterized in the cornea. So how did we decide to address that? Since we knew we were going to be using a rabbit animal model, we decided to look at rabbit corneal culture, specifically rabbit corneal fibroblast and rabbit corneal epithelial cells, which you can see over here. We extracted mRNA from these cells and then via standard microbiological techniques. We transformed that into DNA, amplified that DNA, and then ran specific primers to look for expression of specifically angiotensin converting enzyme, AT1 receptor and AT2 receptor expression. So what did we find? Up at the top, you can see, this is a standard gel of these PCR products. You can see a DNA ladder on the left. And what you can see is that this top one is the rabbit corneal fibroblast. We found ACE expression, AT1 receptor expression, and AT2 receptor expression. Of course, to prove that this is high quality gel, you have to run both positive and negative controls. So our positive control was beta actin, which is a standard housekeeping gene that's present in almost all cells. And then the negative control was the primers with just water. So you wouldn't expect any PCR products to be seen in that column, and that's exactly the case. So here in rabbit corneal fibroblast, we found all three elements of that initial cascade that we showed down here is the rabbit corneal epithelial cells. And interestingly, in the epithelial cells, we found AT1 receptor expression and AT2 receptor expression, but no angiotensin converting enzyme. And again, good control. So with this evidence in hand, we felt comfortable moving forward with the second phase of our experiment, including animals, being that systemic therapy in allopril may have a localized effect on the cornea, given the fact that all the players are present. So we decided to use New Zealand white rabbits, and we induced corneal neovascularization in these animals by implanting a veg eff pellet in their paracentral cornea. After that, these groups of rabbits were randomized into one of two conditions, the first of which received intramuscular water injections every day for 14 days, and the second of which received in allopril intramuscularly every day for 14 days. We used three milligrams per kilogram, which for those not familiar with rabbit dosaging, that's a relatively low dose, we got it from this paper in 1997. We had initially wanted to use a higher dose of the in allopril, but the IRB was a little bit concerned about inducing hypotension in the animals, which is legitimate, and so that's why we decided to go ahead and use that dose. We monitored the animals by a slit lamp microscopy at days four, nine, and 14 to monitor for the development of corneal neovascularization, and the way that we quantified that was by calculating the mean area of corneal neovascularization using image J software, which is provided by the NIH. So this is a little bit of insight into my life as a third and fourth year medical student in the lab. If today you think you're having trouble keeping your patient in the slit lamp, try a rabbit for a while and see how that goes. These are some representative images. You can see this VEGF pellet here with some new blood vessels coming in, and quite often what we see in corneal neovascularization is that these blood vessels arise from this plexus of vessels that runs around the limb towards that stimulator of the neovascularization in the first place. And then this other image is designed just to show that within the rabbit corneas, there was not a significant amount of edema or inflammation incited by this nearby VEGF pellet. So here we get to a little bit more of the meat of the study itself. So here we are at day four. On the left is the control treated animals. Remember that they received intramuscular water and then the inalipral treated animals on the right. So here you can see just this little fronds of neovascularization originating from the limbis and emanating towards that potent stimulator of neovascularization, that VEGF pellet. And even at day four, you can start to see that this amount of neovascularization is more in the control group relative to the treated group. Fast forwarding to day nine, you can see that these same vessels have progressed towards the VEGF pellet and in some cases are beginning to surround it and infiltrate it. You can see that this process is a little bit further along in the inalipral treated group. But if you look a little bit more closely, what you can see is that in the control group, there are increased number of blood vessels emanating from the limbis and also those vessels tend to branch more as they get closer to this VEGF pellet. So if you look at the inalipral treated group, you can see that there are fewer blood vessels originating from the limbis. And as these move towards the VEGF pellet, they demonstrate decreased branching. And obviously the more branching you have that would exponentially increase. So here we are at day 14, our last point. So what you can see is here in the control group, there's quite a lot of vessels that have encompassed that whole VEGF pellet. So relative to the inalipral treated group, you can see there's a whole lot more blood vessels emanating from the limbis and they demonstrate increased, again increased branching relative to the inalipral treated. So these are some immunohistochemical slides. We do not choose to quantify these results, but basically immunohistochemistry denotes taking an antigen antibody to a particular antigen on a cell type or a portion of a cell and then attaching to it a little fluorescent marker so that you can shine a light and see exactly what it has attached to. So in this particular immunohistochemistry slides, we've used DAPI to stain cell nuclei. And so those show up blue in these photos. And this is corneal stroma. So you can see a lot of cell nuclei. And we use lectin to stain vascular endothelium. So obviously it's very important that corneal stroma be clear and free of blood vessels to maintain a good vision. So any amount of neovascularization or red staining in these slides is abnormal. And so you can see that the VEGF pellet induced neovascularization of the corneal stroma in both treatment conditions. However, in the control group, you can see quite a bit more red staining diffusely throughout the corneal stroma relative to the enalaparal treated group. Those are corneal sections, which were stained with DAPI and lectin. I'm sorry, flat plates, flat mounts. No, we did not do that. We just took sections. So what are the results of this study? So we've already kind of gone over this first part, but a previously undescribed Green and Androgynous system exists within rabbit corneas. So specifically within rabbit corneal fibroblasts. That's where we saw all three of the players of this cascade. So angiotensin converting enzyme, AT1 receptors and AT2 receptors. Corneal epithelium again showed AT1 receptors and AT2 receptors, but no ACE. And then moving on to some of the quantification of the slides that we saw earlier of the images at the different time points. We saw that the VEGF pellet was quite good, surprising no one, at stimulating corneal neovascularization, yielding a mean area of corneal neovascularization in the control group of 1.8, 2.8, and 3.2 millimeters squared on the three tested time points, respectively. Enalaparal treatment, by contrast, decreased the amount of corneal neovascularization in these animals by 44% at four days, 28% at nine days, and 31% at 14 days. And you can see the actual hard numbers there. Exactly. Two of them were and one wasn't. We'll go over that in this slide here, which is a graphic representation of these same results. I know this is a little bit of a busy slide, but here on the y-axis you can see the blood vessel area a millimeter squared, x-axis is the time and days. The black bars represent the control animals, and the white bars represent the enalaparal treated animals. So there's a few things to notice about this. This size symbol here represents that at days nine and 14 there was statistically significantly more corneal neovascularization than was present on day four. So our VEGF pellet was doing a good job at inducing and continuing to induce corneal neovascularization as the experiment progressed. And you can see at all three time points as we saw in the photos and in the raw data that the enalaparal treated animals demonstrated less corneal neovascularization than their control counterparts. What this asterisk denotes is statistical significance. And so we can see that only at days four and 14 was that being statistically significant by two way and over testing. The Psi, I was saying that that represents that at days nine and 14 there is a statistically significantly more corneal neovascularization relative to our first tested time point. So what conclusions can we draw from this admittedly limited study? So we can say that there is the components of a previously undescribed Renan angiotensin system within rabbit corneas, specifically rabbit corneal fibroblasts. And it appears to play an important role in corneal angiogenesis. I say that because as we've seen treatment with enalaparal or blockade of this Renan angiotensin system statistically significantly reduced corneal neovascularization in a VEGF model in rabbits. So what future directions could we take? What could we look at from trying to build on this knowledge? So future studies are needed to explore the therapeutic potential of enalaparal in other animals and potentially in humans. It's important to note that if you look at the literature that corneal RAS expression is highly variable among different animals and even among mammals. If you look at rat and dog cornea where these studies have been done, they haven't found angiotensin one or ACE expression. And so in order for this to be applicable to humans, one would have to do the same experiment on human corneal tissue, which to my knowledge has not been done at this point in time. Obviously, I've already alluded to this, but we could use higher doses of enalaparal, which might induce a more robust response. And I elaborated our reasoning for using a relatively low dose before. Also, we used a very potent inducer of corneal neovascularization in VEGF. So one could use a number of different means to induce corneal neovascularization, including chemical, trauma, thermal, or a number of different inciting events. Those are all areas for future research. And lastly, I just wanna thank the staffs, the resident, everybody for making this a great form of rotation. I feel like I've learned a lot. I'm excited to be coming back. I'll be counting down the days until I get to come back. And in the meantime, I'll be counting down the days till I get to meet this little guy. My wife is 38 weeks pregnant with our first son, a boy. His name's gonna be Levi, so we'll be meeting him soon. I'll open it up to any questions. I have a, thank you. Yes, Dr. Olson. So, exactly. So, it's a very good point about looking at whether it would block formation of VEGF or whether it would block utility of already formed VEGF. And from looking at these studies of animal models of tumors, it's unclear whether the blockade occurs at the level of formation or utility, whether something about it blocked, but nevertheless, the VEGF were reduced. And that's a good point that it could well be decreased formation. And in fact, that might be the more likely response. But it wasn't clearly elaborated in these studies that I read up to this, this. So, so that's a good point. You know, it is. Right, so that would be, you know, statistically significant from our study is that at least in this model of VEGF, there's really not a whole, there are other ways that it could have blocked, but these appear that at least RAS blockade appears to disrupt the VEGF function within the eye and within other angiogenic models. Right, right, that's true, yeah, that's a good point. Right, no, that would be an excellent way to address both that question and the question Dr. Olsen posed, you know, to look to see the circulating levels of VEGF. And we did not specifically measure or quantify the circulating or the localized levels of VEGF either in the cornea or in the animal itself. That would be a very good point. Thank you very much.


Hi everyone, welcome to this special event, Peer Storage, The Path to Sustainable IT. I'm your host, Lisa Martin. Very pleased to be joined by Nicole Johnson, the head of Social Impact and Sustainability at Peer Storage. Nicole, welcome to theCUBE. Thanks for having me, Lisa. Sustainability is such an important topic to talk about, and I understand that Peer just announced a report today about sustainability. What can you tell me, what nuggets are in this report? Well, actually quite a few, really interesting nuggets, at least for us, and I think probably for you and your viewers as well. So we actually commissioned about 1,000 sustainability leaders across the globe to understand what are their sustainability goals? What are they working on? And what are the impacts of buying decisions, particularly around infrastructure when it comes to sustainable goals? I think one of the things that was really interesting for us was the fact that around the world, we did not see a significant variation in terms of sustainability being a top priority. I'm sure you've heard about the energy crisis that's happening across Europe. And so there was some thought that perhaps that might play into AMIA being a larger, having sustainability goals that were more significant, but we actually did not find that. We found sustainability to be really important no matter where the respondents were located. So very interesting. At Peer, sustainability is really at the heart of what we do and has been since our founding. It's interesting because we set out to make storage really simple, but it turns out really simple is also really sustainable. And the products and services that we bring to our customers have really powerful outcomes when it comes to decreasing their own carbon footprints. And so we often hear from customers that we've actually really helped them to significantly improve their storage performance, but also allow them to save on space, power, and cooling costs and their footprint. So really significant findings. One example of that is a company called Cengage, which is a global education technology company. They recently shared with us that they have actually been able to reduce their overall storage footprint by 80%. Well, juggling to tripling the performance of their storage system. So it's really critical for companies who are thinking about their sustainability goals to consider the dynamic between their sustainability program and their IT teams who are making these buying decisions. Right, those two teams need to be really inextricably linked these days. You talked about the fact that there was really consistency across the regions in terms of sustainability being of high priority for organizations. You had a great customer story that you shared that showed significant impact can be made there by bringing the sustainability both together with IT. But I'm wondering why are we seeing that so much of the vendor selection process still isn't revolving around sustainability or it's overlooked? What are some of the things that you're seeing despite so many people saying sustainability, huge priority? Well, in this survey, the most commonly cited challenge was really around the fact that there was a lack of management buy-in. 40% of respondents told us this was the top roadblock. So I think getting that out of the way. And then we also just heard that sustainability teams were not brought into tech purchasing processes until after it's already rolling, right? So they're not even looped in. And that being said, we know that IT has been identified as one of the key departments to supporting a company's sustainability goals. So we really want to ensure that these two teams are talking more to each other. When we look even closer at the data from the respondents, we see some really positive correlations. We see that 65% of respondents reported that they're on track to meet their sustainability goals. And the IT of those 65%, IT is significantly engaged with reporting data for those sustainability initiatives. We saw that for those who did report, the sustainability is a top priority for vendor selection. They were twice as likely to be on track with their goals and their sustainability directors said that they were getting involved at the beginning of the tech purchasing process, I'm sorry, rather than towards the end. And so we know that to curb the impact of climate crisis, we really need to embrace sustainability from a cross-functional viewpoint. Definitely has to be cross-functional. So strong correlations there in the report that organizations that had closer alignment between the sustainability folks and the IT folks were farther along in their sustainability program, development, execution, et cetera. Was correlations, were they a surprise? Not entirely. When we look at some of the statistics that come from the places like the World Economic Forum, they say that digitization generated 4% of greenhouse gas emissions in 2020. And that's now almost three years ago. Digital data only accelerates. And by 2025, we expect that number could be almost double. And so we know that that communication and that correlation is gonna be really important because data centers are taking up such a huge footprint of when companies are looking at their emissions. And it's, I mean, quite frankly, a really interesting opportunity for IT to be a trailblazer in the sustainability journey. And perhaps people that are in IT haven't thought about how they can make an impact in this area, but there really is some incredible ways to help us work on cutting carbon emissions, both from your company's perspective and from the world's perspective. Like we're all doing this because it's something that we know we have to do to drive down climate change. So I think when you think about how to be a trailblazer, how to do things differently, how to differentiate your own department, it's a really interesting connection that IT and sustainability work together. I would also say, I'll just note that of the respondents to the survey we were discussing, we do over half of those respondents expect to see closer alignment between the organization's IT and sustainability teams as they move forward. And that's really a tip of hat to those organizations embracing cultural change. That's always hard to do. But for those two, for sustainability in IT to come together as part of really the overall ethos of an organization, that's huge. And it's great to see the data demonstrating that alignment, that close alignment is really on its way to helping organizations across industries make a big impact. I want to dig in a little bit to Pierce ESG goals. What can you share with us about that? Absolutely. So as I mentioned, Pierce kind of at the beginning of our formal ESG journey, but really has been working on the sustainability front for a long time. It's funny as we're doing a lot of this work and kind of building our own profile around this, we're coming back to some of the things that we have done in the past that consumers weren't necessarily interested in then, but are now, because the world has changed, becoming more and more invested in. So that's exciting. We did a baseline scope one, two and three analysis and discovered interestingly enough that 70% of our emissions comes from use of sold products. So our customers running our products in their data centers. So we know that we've made some ambitious goals around our scope one and two emissions, which is our own office, our utilities, those, they only account for 6% of our emissions. So we know that to really address the issue of climate change, we need to work on the use of sold products. So we've also made a really ambitious commitment to decrease our carbon emissions by 66% per petabyte by 2030 in our products. So decreasing our own carbon footprint, but also affecting our customers as well. And we've also committed to a science-based target initiative and our road mapping how to achieve the ambitious goals set out in the Paris Agreement. That's fantastic. It sounds like you really dialed in on where is the biggest opportunity for us as Peer Storage to make the biggest impact across our organization, across our customers' organizations there. Lofty goals that Peer has set, but knowing what I know about Peer, you guys are probably well on track to accomplish those goals in record time. I hope so. Talk a little bit about advice that you would give to viewers who might be at the very beginning of their sustainability journey and really wondering what are the core elements besides IT sustainability team alignment that I need to bring into this program to make it actually successful? Yeah. So I think understanding that you don't have to pick between really powerful technology and sustainable technology. There are opportunities to get both and not just in storage, right? In your entire IT portfolio. We know that we're in a place in the world where we have to look at things from the bigger picture. We have to solve new challenges and we have to approach business a little bit differently. So adopting solutions and services that are environmentally efficient can actually help to scale and deliver more effective and efficient IT solutions over time. So I think that that's something that we need to really remind ourselves, right? We have to go about business a little bit differently and that's okay. We also know that data centers utilize an incredible amount of energy and carbon. And so everything that we can do to drive that down is going to address the sustainability goals for us individually as well as again drive down that climate change. So we need to get out of the mindset that data centers are about reliability or cost, et cetera and really think about efficiency and carbon footprint when you're making those business decisions. I'll also say that the earlier that we can get sustainability teams into the conversation the more impactful your business decisions are going to be and helping you to guide sustainable decision-making. So shifting sustainability and IT left almost together really shows that the correlation between those folks getting together in the beginning with intention the report shows and the successes that peers had demonstrate that that's very impactful for organizations to actually be able to implement even the cultural change that's needed for sustainability programs to be successful. My last question for you goes back to that report. You mentioned in there that the data show a lot of organizations are hampered by management buy-in where sustainability is concerned. How can Pure help its customers navigate around those barriers so that they get that management buy-in and they understand the value in it for them? Yeah. So I mean, I think that for me my advice is always to speak to hearts and minds, right? And help the management to understand first of all the impact on climate change. So I think that's the kind of hearts piece. On the mind piece, I think it's addressing the sustainability goals that these companies have set for themselves and helping management understand how their IT buying decisions can actually really help them to reach these goals. We also, we always run kind of TCOs for customers to understand what is the actual cost of the equipment. And so, especially if you're in a location in which energy costs are rising, I mean, I think we're seeing that around the world right now with inflation, better understanding your energy costs can really help your management to understand the, again, the bigger picture and what that total cost is gonna be. Often we see that maybe the person who's buying the IT equipment isn't the same person who's purchasing, who's paying the electricity bills, right? And so sometimes even those two teams aren't talking and there's a great opportunity there, I think, to just look at it from a more high level lens to better understand what total cost of ownership is. That's a great point, great advice. Nicole, thank you so much for joining me on the program today, talking about the new report that on sustainability that Pure put out, some really compelling nuggets in there, but really also some great successes that you've already achieved internally on your own ESG goals and what you're helping customers to achieve in terms of driving down their carbon footprint and emissions. We so appreciate your insights and your thoughts. Thank you, Lisa, it's been great speaking with you. Pleasure speaking with you as well. We wanna thank you so much for watching. This is Pure Storage, the path to sustainable IT. I'm Lisa Martin, we'll see you next time.


Friends, welcome back to my channel and welcome to my baking series. This is the Mother's Day edition. I cannot wait to share this delicious recipe with you guys that is absolutely perfect for Mother's Day. It's perfect for upcoming summer, barbecues, but definitely a must do for Mother's Day. Take it to your Mother's Day, get together or make it special just for your mom. So I'm gonna share with you today a W, W friendly pineapple upside down cupcake. Wait until you see the recipe that I have in store for you and also wait until you see the smart points. You're not gonna believe it. So if you wanna see what I have in store for you for my baking series Mother's Day edition, all you have to do is stay tuned. For our Mother's Day bake with me, we are going to be making pineapple upside down cupcakes.  They are W, W friendly. They are super low points and I cannot wait to share this Mother's Day recipe with you. So let me show you what is in our cupcakes. So first you're going to need some all-purpose flour. You can use either frozen or fresh strawberries. You can substitute cherries if you'd like. If you do use maraschino, you will need to add points because those cherries actually have smart points. You're going to need some brown sugar alternative. I am going to use swerve. You're also going to need a granular alternative and again, I'm gonna go ahead and use swerve. I have some eggs, some light butter.  So let's get started on our Mother's Day bake with me. To get started on our pineapple upside down cupcakes, I'm going to go ahead and use my brownie tray, my square tray to make these. You are going to go ahead and melt one half of a cup of your light butter. We are not going to use all of this. It is divided and we're going to take a brush and we're just going to rub it along the inside of each of our 12 muffin tins. So then that way nothing will stick to these and that butter also gives your cupcakes a really, really nice buttery flavor. So I'm going to go ahead and get all 12 brushed with our butter and then we'll be adding in our upside down ingredients. Once you've brushed all of your cupcake Eric compartments with butter, we are going to add in some of our crushed pineapple. Now you can use crushed or you can use rings. We are going to divide this out amongst our muffin tins here. If you have a ring, you would lay that on the bottom. Make sure that you do drain your pineapple as well and try to keep any moisture or liquid out that you possibly can. So we're going to go ahead and fill all 12 compartments with the pineapple. And then we are also in each compartment going to add one piece of strawberry. I went ahead and used frozen strawberries. We're just going to plunk that down in there. So we'll do that on all 12 of our muffin tins as well. So look at how delicious. Once you've added your pineapple and your strawberries, look, it's so yummy. We are going to take one tablespoon of our swerve brown sugar and we are just going to evenly divide it out over all 12 muffin cups. With this is what's going to stick this delicious pineapple and strawberry mixture nice and chewy and delicious to our actual muffin. So we're going to go ahead and sprinkle our brown sugar over all of our muffin cups. And then we're ready to prepare the actual dry muffin itself. This is already looking so good, you guys. Did you ever think that you could have pineapple upside down cake essentially on Weight Watchers? It's crazy to me, but yes, yes, you can. So there you have everything drizzled with some delicious brown sugar. Next, you're going to get a large bowl and we are going to mix together our dry ingredients. So what I have here is one and one third cup of all-purpose flour. And then in my other cup here, I have three quarters of a cup of swerve brown sugar and one quarter of a cup of swerve white sugar. So we are going to add that. We're going to go ahead and add a little bit of salt to bring out the sweetness. So go ahead and add that. The recipe does call for about a quarter teaspoon of your salt. And then we are going to also add in some baking powder. So we want one and a quarter teaspoon. So there is one and a quarter. And then we are going to get this all mixed together. You want to make sure that that baking powder gets mixed really well with your flour and sugar so that your leveling agent is throughout your entire dry ingredients. So we're going to get this mixed up and then we'll be ready to add in some of our wet ingredients. Once you've stirred together all of your dry ingredients, it is now time to add in our wet ingredients. So we are going to put the rest of our melted butter into our dry ingredients. So that was divided between putting it in the muffin tin as well as into our mix. I also have one half of a cup of fat free half and half. The recipe actually calls for whole milk. So I substituted fat free half and half only because it's a little bit thicker than almond milk. And I wasn't sure if we needed the thicker version for this recipe. And then I'm also going to add in some vanilla extract. And we are going to add one egg. And then last but not least, we are going to add in our vanilla Greek yogurt. And the recipe calls for about a quarter of a cup of yogurt. So I'm going to add in about half of my container. And then we're going to give this a nice mix. You want to make sure you mix it enough so that there is not any lumps. And then we'll be ready to scoop this into our muffin tins to make our cupcakes. I am so excited. This looks so good. It smells super sweet and super delicious. Once your ingredients are all mixed together, we're ready to scoop it into our cupcake tin. So I'm going to use my large scoop. I do have the three pack of these scoops. They come in three different sizes, linked down in my Amazon store below. That should be about the perfect amount of mix. And we are going to shoot for 12 full delicious cupcakes. These should be so good with that brown sugar, pineapple upside down. What mom wouldn't love these? So I'm going to get my muffin tin filled here for my cupcakes and then this will go into our oven at 350 degrees. So once you've added your batter, we are ready to put our cupcakes into the oven. They should be done in 20 to 28 minutes. Here are our pineapple upside down cupcakes out of the oven. I'm going to let them cool before we turn them upside down and I will show you our completed Mother's Day baking series and give you the smart points. So here are our completed pineapple upside down cupcakes. Look at how delicious these look. I cannot wait to give these a try. This is what it looks like all nice and up close. Look at that pineapple, strawberry, sugary goodness. They are nice and thick. So they have that cake like texture in the middle, that nice crunchy bottom and your gooey delicious pineapple, strawberry top. So these are our Mother's Day baking idea. I think this is a fantastic thing to take to any Mother's Day get together or just to make for your mom as a special treat. You can have an entire cupcake for only three smart points. Three smart points you guys for an entire pineapple upside down cupcake. Thank you for joining me for this edition of my baking series for Mother's Day. I hope you enjoyed seeing our pineapple upside down cupcakes.  They are decadent, they're sweet, they're fruity and they're only three smart points. You can't beat a three smart point cupcake. Thank you so much for watching. If you're new to my channel, make sure you subscribe. I do upload videos most days of the week. Also hit your notification bell so you'll be notified each and every time that I upload. I'd love it if you'd give this video a thumbs up. Comment down below. Let me know if you're gonna try this recipe for your Mother's Day event, for your mom, for summer, for some barbecues. What are you gonna do with this recipe? And of course I'll see all of you in my next video. Bye guys, happy early Mother's Day.