Space legs, but why? The one thing you hear consistently fired at Frontier whenever they appear on a live stream is space legs. The ability to get out of the pilot's chair and float or walkabout rather than being constantly confined to your ship or SRV has been demanded by certain quarters in the Elite Dangerous community almost since day one of the game and to be fair to those voices it's one of those stated goals of Elite Dangerous's ongoing development and indeed has been since before the game's release. Whether you're in the I don't want space legs camp or the oh hell yes camp on the subject there is one question that comes up over and over of all things Elite Feet and that is if you could get out of the chair what would you do? I'm going to try and at least speculate on an answer to that question now. Let's get one thing out of the way from the off not everyone enjoys first person games some people just want the cockpit experience and are quite happy with that Frontier know this and will also know that it's important to serve those players equally as well as the must have crowd and I'll touch on some ideas for the cockpit players as well as the SRV aficionado in this piece. It's almost certain then that the introduction of space legs would not and honestly should not detract from the existing experience and if we assume for a moment that space legs are part of the 2020 paid expansion then it's also reasonable to assume that as well as space legs there will be content in that expansion that will serve the cockpit jockies as well without the requirement to get out of the chair. So with all that said what could space legs bring to the game? There's three sides to the space legs equation inside your ship outside your ship but still in space and outside your ship but on a planet or installation let's deal with inside your ship first. As cool as getting up and having a look at what is behind the door at the back of the cockpit would be that novelty would only likely last a day once you'd explored all the ships you're going to need some other reason beyond sightseeing to wonder about inside your ship. You could argue that manually loading cargo could be a thing space legs would enable but let's be honest it happens mysteriously and instantaneously at the moment 700 tons of bio waste sounds like a lot of work to handle manually and I'd be just fine if that carried on having mysteriously and instantaneously in the background. But how about if rare commodities could only be loaded manually? You can currently only ever buy a small load of those at a time and if trading in those goods moved away from the main commodity market and instead to a more specialist and more labour intensive purchasing and loading method that could be a great way to further restrict the availability of the goods in a believable way you could literally carry the most precious and delicate of cargo into the hold yourself and place it in a specialized slot. When the Horizons expansion launched it brought with it the engineers who are only reachable on planetary surfaces locking a desirable game altering system behind an expansion is something frontier have done before and it's therefore reasonable to assume that it's something they might do again. So what if a new path in engineering was made available to you with the advent of space legs but it's something that you had to get involved in personally and engineer yourself literally using tools and raw materials to retrofit new components to your existing modules hand welding them in place maybe technology so volatile and dangerous that even the engineers won't attempt it currently none of the anti-thargoid weapons or systems are engineerable so this could potentially be a path that you could explore but only using a legs expansion you might have to find some hidden dubious engineer on some far flung outpost corner him or her personally. Negotiate or bribe for the needed parts and then fit them yourself in your ship out of the view of the authorities while we're on the subject of interacting with your ship on a mechanical level then let's talk about damage control and repair we already know that frontier have internally at least talked about this very thing already the elite dangerous digital art book contains concept images that show commanders moving through damaged vessels and even repairing exterior damage on the ship in the same image you can even see a commander approaching using thrusters on their hands and feet like a 34th century iron man it's worth noting this point by the way as an aside the anaconda is the only ship in the game that currently shows off any kind of actual damage modeling for a system like this to be implemented it would need to be replicated on every single ship in the game and then on every single new ship added after so outside the ship is for me where the space legs concept really starts to open up as we mentioned previously there's concept art that shows a commander moving away from their ship using iron man like thrusters imagine doing that but in an asteroid field or a planetary ring system perhaps your commander could harvest very specific new materials or commodities from the rocks that are just too fine and delicate to be handled by core or laser mining techniques then of course there's piracy and boarding a ship that opens up two levels of gameplay the attacker and the victim if your ship is disabled in normal space then you could find yourself in a race to repair the damage internally before having to down tools and repel borders as enemy commanders or AI pirates try to make their way onto your ship to not only steal your cargo but perhaps your entire vessel and while we're talking about boarding have you ever visited one of the many generation ships lost and drifting in the void if you access the recorded logs on the outside of each vessel each one has a fascinating and in some cases terrifying story to be told but imagine being able to further explore the history of these vessels via what's inside them hack or cut your way into the ships and then move through them compartment by compartment room by room collecting valuable data artifacts materials or just personal effects to flesh out more of the story and add color to the many lives lost in their decades-long journeys or even deal with whatever killed them in the first place or you could board the generation ships in pursuit of grave robbers in the hope that you and your team can preserve what has essentially become a drifting memorial. So how about planetary surfaces there's a myriad of surface installations in elite personally I want to explore and pillage them also I'm hoping the inhabitants don't want me doing that and try to stop me but there could also be special mission contacts in the installations or even just social spaces to see other commanders a lot of these types of features could also be added to the existing space station interiors as well I can absolutely imagine a backwater Coriolis starport having a CD back room area dealing in illegal or dubious technology and then of course there are the Thargoids and the Guardians both have surface sites you could be an interstellar Indiana Jones raiding long abandoned Guardian sites for archaeological finds or advanced technology when it comes to raiding Thargoid sites remember that scene from the movie aliens where the Marines first go into the hive the let's rock scene that please thanks or how about the outpost on planet P scene in Starship troopers would we finally have an actual drop ship use for the drop ship you know and have it I don't know drop shipping whilst obviously not for everybody for me there are a myriad of uses and exciting gameplay opportunities for space legs in the framework of the existing game and I do feel that if you personally don't want to leave the chair then there are still gameplay and immersion expanding opportunities with space legs in the mix for the cockpit jockey to enjoy that drop ship will still need a red hot pilot and those ground troops could I'm sure really use some close air support on hand when things get sticky or indeed caustic the space legs conversation always ends up speculating on talk of legs and feet but for me any first-person element is intrinsically linked to SRVs as well so what about space wheels any space legs expansion is going to include a planetary surface gameplay element and with it surely will finally see an expansion to the SRV experience anytime mankind goes anywhere new we generally take wheeled vehicles with us we even took one to the moon the SRV gameplay hasn't been expanded on since the launch of the horizons expansion and we know for a fact from public job postings on the internet that frontier is looking to recruit ground vehicle AI specialists for something they're not yet talking about could we see tanks and other types of armored vehicles on the ground engaging in combat becoming a thing in elite the game already has a drop ship that can't drop anyone or anything and a gunship that can't effectively act as a gunship currently these two ships alone aren't doing in the game what their names suggest they should be doing Wikipedia's definition of a gunship is quote a military aircraft armed with heavy guns primarily intended for attacking ground targets unquote and if you look up drop ship it redirects you to shuttlecraft and describes quote a smaller vessel that is launched from a mothership and has the ability to transport people or cargo between ships or to and from a planet surface without being damaged or destroyed unquote I'd love to have a go at that personally but I make no promises about the damaged or destroyed bit if a first person shooter style element is to be added to what is essentially a cockpit simulator right now then it also makes sense to me to have the cockpit and the first person game be separate but joined entities where CQC was a standalone fighter component to the main game a first-person shooter standalone component where FPS ground troops join the game and play alongside those that wish to stay cockpit bound is something that has been experimented with in games like Eve a standalone first-person shooter expansion that dovetails with the existing galaxy of ships and SRVs would be a nice gateway drug into the universe of elite but that might be a pipe dream too far overall space legs as a proposition is such a massive undertaking that underlying infrastructure and graphical improvements are likely to be seen across the entire game touching almost every aspect of what is already there indeed an entire code base revamp has been rumored as the game is aged somewhat by modern standards now frontier has a history and I would suggest perhaps a policy of releasing an update and then iterating and adding to the content in that update my point being whatever is released in 2020 is likely not where the expansion will end but what are your hopes for space legs do you believe they're part of the 2020 update do you even care about space legs and if not what would you like to see and if you do care about space legs what would you like to see done with them let us know in the comments below thanks very much for watching and remember to subscribe to the channel and click the little bell icon to stay updated


The United Kingdom has left the European Union and more than five years after we voted to leave it has finally happened. The government now tells us that we have regained sovereignty and regained control. But is this true? What exactly are the arrangements we now have with the European Union? Well, we now have a free trade agreement. We can buy and sell goods freely and without tariff. But this is to the EU's greater advantage. Our economy relies heavily on financial services and yet no arrangements have been made in this regard. Furthermore, immigration and the terms by which people may move to the UK has not yet been fully agreed. The European Court of Justice has been removed. It has been replaced by a new board which will make decisions which will only be binding upon the agreement of the European Union. The fishing waters of the UK are no more under our control now than they were before. If, in five years' time, at the end of an agreed transition period, we decide to take back full control of our waters, we will have to pay compensation for it. Now, is this control of our fishing waters? No, no it is not. Regarding the level playing field, the idea that we must operate similarly to the EU in terms of labour law, state aid or environmental regulation will remain. This means that we still cannot legislate as we please. We cannot arrange our own economy without the approval of the European Union. The reason for this is the EU's fear that we will be economically stronger than it is. It wants to prevent us competing. And we've agreed to this. Northern Ireland is now more closely aligned with the Republic than it is with the United Kingdom. A border now exists down the Irish Sea. This could have enormous implications for peace there. In short, the United Kingdom has not regained its sovereignty with this agreement. It has not regained its sovereignty at all. Now, we are used to government spin, but we are now in an era of outright lies and deception. So, let's remind ourselves how this started. We were lied to about the nature of the European Union from the very beginning. We were told it was a trading block, but that was never the intention. It was always the blueprint for a United States of Europe. British governments have known this, but they kept us in it, regardless. And they kept it from us, regardless. They have been happy to dissolve this ancient nation into a pan-Europe post-democracy union. Prior to the referendum, we were subjected to an intense fear campaign. We were told we would meet economic catastrophe if we voted to leave. We were also told, however, that our vote would be respected. However, we voted, that's what would happen. If we voted to leave, then we would be out. We would withdraw from all EU institutions. But then as soon as we voted to leave, the tune changed. Then it became hard Brexit and soft Brexit. And we weren't going to leave the EU institutions at all. We were even told that we didn't know what we had voted for. We were insulted and slandered and then subjected to years of attempts to overturn our democratic decision by our own politicians and our own press. Today, in the United States, there is mayhem. Those who believe Donald Trump was the rightful victor are demanding the election be investigated. They want to know what has happened. They see evidence of fraud again and again. And then they see it dismissed and ignored. Now, now we are being lectured on the value of democracy by a mainstream media and mainstream politicians, the same mainstream media and mainstream politicians that have spent the last five years trying to overturn Brexit. They're now lecturing us on the value of democracy. It is all William. The deceit, the hypocrisy is almost too much to take. But we cannot and must not allow it to defeat us. The Western world is effectively split into two camps. The globalists and the Democrats. The globalists want to end nation-state democracy. They want to subject us to undemocratic rule that favours them and their wealth and their power. To the globalist, we are not citizens, we are pawns. To the globalists, we should have no power because our power threatens theirs. To remove our power, they are removing our democracy. To remove our power, they are deceiving us and lying and manipulating the facts and all with the help of a globalist mainstream press. Democrats, on the other hand, we want our power back. We want our democracy back. We want our nations back. We want a government that answers to us, not the other way around. We want decisions made in our best interests and not in the interests of international bodies that we did not elect and cannot remove. With regard to the European Union, we will never be free for as long as there is a European Union. No-one in Europe will be free for as long as it stands. Therefore, in the fight for our democracy, in the name of democracy, we must bring down the European Union and all other globalist institutions. Now, there is no doubt whatsoever, our democracy is dying. Indeed, many would say it is already dead, but we will never, ever, ever give up. We will never stop fighting back. We will reclaim our sovereignty. We will bring down the EU and all the institutions that threaten our freedom. Always believe you can do it. Believe you can do it because it's true. You can do it. To believe otherwise is to concede defeat to those who will trample on us. Join for Britain now. Demand your country back. Demand your freedom back. Now, it is tough. We are up against the forces of sheer evil. We are up against liars and hypocrites and tyrants. But we have truth on our side. We have right on our side. And no matter what they do, no matter how many lies they tell, or how much cheating or fraud they indulge in, the truth will still be true and what's right will still be right. Fight back. Join us. Thank you.


Lithotrypsy is a non-invasive procedure used to break down and eliminate stones in the kidney. It is generally completed in one sitting, depending on the size of the stones. Please do not take blood thinners four days before the procedure. On the day of the procedure, you are settled comfortably and asked to remove all accessories. Later, a computerized ultrasonography system is used to target the stones. The waves break the stones into small fragments that are passed out through the urinary system. If you are bothered by the ticking sound of the lithotripper, please request disposable ear plugs from the technician. Post procedure, you are required to spend about 1 hour in observation. The procedure usually takes about 30 minutes. Please drink plenty of water for several days after lithotrypsy. Few patients may experience slight pain or a burning sensation during urination, for which antibiotics may be prescribed.


In this video, I'm going to talk about other gear types that we might look at beyond the basic spur gear. So the spur gear is kind of the standard gear that we might first talk about. It's relatively cheap, 98 to 99% efficient, and usually just kind of a good all-around choice. However, it's not the only possible gear that we might look at. The first type of gear that I want to talk about is a helical gear. So a helical gear has a slightly different geometry. The gear teeth are angled relative to the axis of the shaft that it's measured on. And we define the angle as the helix angle. And so this helix angle is part of the gear tooth geometry for a helical gear. Helical gears in general are 95 to 98% efficient. Generally speaking, they are usually quieter than a spur gear because the teeth are meshing in a sliding action instead of kind of clacking together as a spur gear when the teeth come together. It's a little bit quieter. They do allow for non-parallel shaft mounting with some limitations. However, it does come at the cost of efficiency. You could reduce the efficiency possibly down to 50% by having non-parallel shafts. They're a little bit stronger generally speaking, so they have higher torque capacities. And in a comparison with spur gears, due to the helix angle, if you can imagine how forces are applied at that contact between two teeth, that helix angle introduces a thrust load or a load that's in the axial direction of the shaft. So that's something to kind of keep in mind when it comes to helical gears. Slight variation on helical gears would be a herringbone gear. So a herringbone gear is very much like a helical gear, but now has two sections, one with teeth in one direction and one with teeth in the other direction. You can basically think of it as two helical gears being smushed together and mounted together. Obviously going to be more expensive in that case, so a little bit more involved, more material, all sorts of things like that. However, we talked about the thrust load for helical gears. Again if you can imagine the force being applied at those tooth interactions, we have one set of teeth angling one direction and the other set angling the other direction. So this means that those two thrust loads are going to cancel each other out on the gear and not then be applied to the shaft and have to be dealt with at the bearings. So in this case you get the added benefit of cancelling out the thrust load with a lot of the features of the helical gear in terms of quietness and strength and things like that. Bevel gears are a little bit different shape rather than being shaped in a circular fashion. They're shaped more like cones or portions of cones. And typically if we had a mating pair, they might look something like this. And you can obviously see from this little poor drawing that the shafts can be mounted in varying configurations. So again allow for non-parallel shafts. They have this geometry which is kind of based on rolling two cones relative to each other. And there is a spiral version of bevel gears which is similar to the variation between a helical gear and a spur gear, a bevel gear and a spiral bevel gear would have that same sort of variation in that you change the angle of the teeth and you get some different features out of that. We have worm gears. See if I can draw something that approximates a worm gear. Imagine that's a gear. So a worm gear is a gear mounted to the shaft where you have basically a spiral around that shaft which represents the teeth of the gear. But in the case of the worm, it actually only has one tooth and then it's interacting with something like a spur gear on the other side. And this allows this mating pair to have very high gear ratios because in the theory, the application of the basic theory, the worm gear only has one tooth and that gives it a high ratio, high gear ratio, which means it can have a very high load capacity. So you can rotate that worm gear and get very high loads. It's kind of the mechanical advantage thing going on there. Not the greatest efficiency in comparison with other gears, depending on the design in the range of 40 to 85% efficiency. One sometimes benefit of a worm gear is generally they can't be back driven, meaning you can't rotate the spur gear and expect that you're going to drive the worm. You can only drive the worm and cause an output at the spur gear.  So that can be a useful feature. Rack and pinion is kind of a similar idea to the worm gear configuration, but now we're talking about a gear mated to a rack, which basically has, or excuse me, the pinion, I guess, in the rack and pinion nomenclature, is mated to a rack and the rack in theory has an infinite number of teeth in that this could be, for all intents and purposes, infinitely long and therefore from a gear ratio perspective, you can imagine what that involves. This is kind of where that notion of rack and pinion steering comes from, in that you are rotating one element and translating another element. So you're converting rotational motion into linear translation. And that's obviously useful for a lot of applications. So these are just some of the gear types that I wanted to talk about as alternatives to spur gears. In additional videos, I'll go into some of the details of a couple of these, not all of them. I'm going to talk a little bit more in my next video about heel gears, and then we'll get into bevel gears. And I want to talk a little bit about planetary gear systems, which is kind of just a special arrangement of gears that does something useful for us. So we'll follow up with that in later videos. Thanks.


The following is a presentation of TFNN. Trade what you see with Larry Pezzavento. Call now toll free at 1-877-927-6648 or internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER>. Now, Larry Pezzavento. Okay, looking good. Billy Ray feeling good, Lewis. I posted a chart here. It's a four hour chart of December week. Goes over the past several weeks. And as you can see that 1.618 level there at 578. That was our buy point. We were risking five cents, $250. And as you can see that just absolutely failed. Now this market is incredibly oversold. But you have to decide how much you're going to risk when you do this. And believe me, I believe in that 1.618 number like just about anything that I look at in these markets. And because once you get beyond there, you don't really know what's going to happen. But fortunately, boys and girls, but fortunately, I belong to the law firm of do we cheat him and how. So I wanted to show you what happened to this after this occurred. So just give me one second here and we'll get over here to screens. Uh-huh. And here go live. And hopefully when we get back here, I'll be able to see this and you'll be able to see what happened. We went from our stop was at 72 actually 73. We bought it at 78, got out at 73. It went to 69 and a half and is now trading up $500 from our original buy point. But that is neither here nor there because that is what we call a short covering rally and there's not much you can do about that. That's just a losing trade. And you just, you know, say, well, next one move on and that's what you want to be looking at. So I hope I'm going to double check something here just to be safe to see if everybody could see that. Don't tell me it didn't show. Oh God, help me. I give up. No matter what I try to do with this thing, Jake, it just doesn't work for the old cowboy. So let me see if I can do it again. I can see the Den messages. No, don't call now, Jake, because I'm trying to do this thing. Don't call. Wait, let me just try to do it again. All right, let's go to another one that I'd like to cover. Okay, this is the one regarding the U.S. dollar. So bear with me one second. I'm going to try to do it the same way that we just did here. Hold on one second. Why can't I see the share screen thing now? I shouldn't be allowed to go out by myself, I guess. That's about pretty much it. All right, let me try it one more time here. I don't see the share screen thing anywhere here. I can't find the share screen thing. Well, shucks. Bye, Golly. You're not in the call area. Not in the call. Yeah. Well, I don't know. Just click Tiger TV. I did that before. What do you mean? I was in Tiger TV for now. Oh, there's the screen. So let's try it. All right, there we go. I'm going to go to screens. Okay, click that and go live. All right now, that might be the one I'm looking at is I hope that everybody can see the dollar versus the yen. Double check here in the den one more time. And you can see the dollar versus the end chart. Uh huh. Uh huh. Tell me that you can see, that you can see the chart and not the den messages. I thought I had all this done. We can see just close discord. How do I close discord? If I close discord, I can't. All right, I don't know what to do. Golly. Well, I'll tell you what, getting pushed comes to shove. We're at shove right now. And, uh, oh, I'll tell you what, folks, if I didn't care about the O'Brien's as much as I do today would be my last day doing this radio show because I am just if my frustration index has hit 4,592%, that's 1% higher than it was when I worked for Eli Lilly on my last day there. Anyway, that was neither here nor there. So let's get back and I'll try to share another chart here. Let me see. First of all is, uh, just close discord. When you say disclers discord, what does that mean, Jacob? When you say just close discord, does that mean just click on it? Because if I did, in fact, close discord, I can't see anything in the den go back to the chart. Okay, I'm going to go back to the chart. All right, there's, I'm back to the chart now. Now you mean if I close discord? Well, let me ask you a question. Sorry, folks. I got to get this straight. Otherwise I'm toast. I can't do this because I don't have a lot of fundamental information to share with you. I can't share with you information about, uh, breakouts or any stuff like that. I'm an ABCD type trader. Works good for me. And that's pretty much it. But let me try one more time here. Whatever is on. Okay. All right. All right. Okay. This is the dollar. And this is the one that this we're risk risk risk on risk off folks as long as this thing's going higher stocks are going to go up most probably. But we are at a real critical level. As you can see here, we've been here for quite a while. The back off that we had yesterday you see we wow, just a minute. We just went down to the 61% retracement and it's just really nothing but go back up again. So it's really not and not only that, but the Euro, the pound, the Canadian and the Australian dollar all have moved lower. So that means that the dollar is still weak. And I was trying to get like the dollar is still strong. So we're going to be flirting with that 105 level already today. And if we get about 105, we can be looking at 107, 108 and boy that takes you up to a whole level ballgame around 105 in the Euro. So we really want to watch that. But Euro could turn at any time because we've been up 10 weeks. That's the key when you're watching this thing is it's 10 weeks and you've got to pay attention to it. So that's what I'm watching as I overlook as I watch some of these things that we have going today. Now I dressed at the break. I guess at the break is going to be Mike Moore more analytics tomorrow. We'll have Jeff huge on Thursday. We're going to have Grace Morris of Astro Economics and then also on Friday we'll have Jim Bartolioni of Bart's charts. Those are my schedule guests for this week. All right. Now let's move on here to I've got to check a couple of quick things to see how the markets are holding up here because we've got some things that are very, very interesting right here and I'm going to bring one of them up to you right now. It may or may not mean anything, but it may or may mean something. So here's what we're going to show you folks. This is the hold on now. We're just going to get this up on the O share screen. Okay. And we're going to hit screen share screen. Yeah. And hit that and then go live. And let's just pray to God that we see the old crude oil contract. I'm going to check with Jacob to see if we see the crude oil contract. So bear with me here one second. Do we see the crude oil contract? Well, I have to be able to see that I'm seeing it though. You see that's it. Now I'm going to reshare it. Okay. I hope this is good. Can you see the chart now? The answer to that question will be shown here on one second and okay. All right. We'll be right back to talk about crude oil folks. Steve Rhodes started his trading career as a student almost 20 years ago and the student has now become the master. Steve won the prestigious Timer of the Year award in 2018 and barely missed that mark again in 2019, finishing it number two for the year, an amazing accomplishment. Steve Rhodes is committed to sharing his techniques and knowledge with anyone who wants to learn and he shares his vast amount of trading knowledge every day in his Mastering Probability Newsletter. Steve's award-winning newsletter, Mastering Probability, is delivered every trading day with updates throughout the afternoon. Sign up for Steve's Market Newsletter, Mastering Probability, and you'll receive access to seven of Steve's educational webinars absolutely free. At TFNN, all our newsletters come with a 30-day money-back guarantee, so you have absolutely nothing to worry about. Visit TFNN.com and try Mastering Probability 30 Days Risk-Free Today. TFNN, Educating Investors. Are you ready to take your trading to the next level? Introducing Tom O'Brien's award-winning newsletter, Market Insights, your key to successful, active trading. Tom O'Brien, renowned for his expertise in the financial markets, has designed Market Insights to be your daily guide to profitable trades. Tom publishes his daily Market Insights newsletter every market day before the market open, along with updates when warranted. Stay ahead of the game with Tom's real-time analysis and trade recommendations delivered straight to your inbox.  Ready to join the ranks of successful traders? Head over to TFNN.com and subscribe to Market Insights today. Don't miss out on this opportunity to supercharge your trading results. Market Insights comes with a 30-day money-back guarantee for all new subscribers, so you have nothing to risk. Don't miss out on this opportunity to revolutionize your trading game. Head over to TFNN.com right now to join thousands of traders who have already experienced the power of Tom O'Brien's award-winning newsletter Market Insights firsthand. TFNN Educating Investors. TFNN has just launched their new trading room, the Tiger's Den, hosted at Discord. TFNN has been educating traders for more than 20 years, with live programming hosted by a variety of professional traders during market hours. And now they are expanding their reach with the Tiger's Den, available to all Tigers and Tigresses for just $1 for the year. There's no cash or added costs when you join our community of traders. In the Tiger's Den, you can look over the shoulders of Tom O'Brien and the other TFNN hosts while they analyze charts during their live Tiger TV programs and join an interactive trading community with hundreds of members exchanging ideas, interact with other Tigers and Tigresses as they share trading ideas, news analysis, and discuss the market action all trading day, even at night and on the weekends. The Tiger's Den at Discord is accessible on mobile or tablets as well, so it's always at your reach. To sign up today and become a part of this educational community of traders, just visit the front page of TFNN.com. Toll free at 1-877-927-6648 internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER>. Okay, folks. I've been bringing up the last six months of the crude old contract, and as you can see here, back here on the 21st of August, we made a 382 retracement. We had Mike Moore on that day, and he was quite friendly to the crude oil market. Now, what I've done is I don't know the fundamentals behind this stuff, but I do look at the charts. And this ABCD pattern that you can see here up here at roughly 90, excuse me, 89, is basically the same pattern that I look at when I watch for the Arbob, the gasoline, and then also when I look at the heating oil. All of those patterns have been complete. Now, if you notice here, for the last five days, we've been setting at 88, we've hit it four times. And then today, mysteriously, I mean, this is, you talk about major mysteries, the Saudi government realized that there was another three million barrels shortfall that they ran into when they start doing their calculations. My only question is, why didn't the guy make it a six million barrel or 12 million barrel? I mean, doesn't seem strange. It's just three million. If I was his accountant, I'd say, I think it would be a 12 million barrel shortfall. But anyway, that pushed the market up another buck 80 today, and here we're banging up against these major numbers, whether they mean much today or not. I'm not sure, but I'm watching those closely because should the market reverse from that, it's going to be a pretty good trade to the downside. Now let's talk just a little bit here about the gold market. Here's where I hope I'm going to do something crazy now. I'm just going to check with Jake to make sure that everybody can see that chart that I'm looking at. Can everybody see that gold chart? Say yes, please tell me you can see it. I'm just going to assume that everybody can see it. So I just want to get it up here. There it is. Now this is an hourly chart. And as you can see, this number up here, that 1955, it got to 1954-50, that was a 382, hit it three days in a row. And then last night, in the middle of the night, as you can see here, it went right up to the 382 retracement, hit it for one quick tick, and then dropped from 1947, $1700, all the way down to 1930. But you can see the other 382 retracements that were in here. Now this was an hourly chart. So this took quite a while for those if you're watching an eight-minute chart. It would take eight bars to finish that. So those are the kind of things that I was looking at. The problem is that we were having another storm. We had another one. We've got it still raining here today. So we're having a little bit of rain. This is the last of the monsoon season. It ends on Friday, which is also Rosh Hashanah and start of the High Holy Days. And so anyway, those are the things that I'm watching interday to see when these markets turn to give me an entry point where I don't have to risk too much at all because that's a secret to this. It's not how much money you make. It's how much money you don't lose. I try to lose as little as possible. But again, you know, you don't always get that chance. I wanted to bring one other chart to your... I want to get this Japanese end here one more time because this is really important, folks. If we clear this level up in here, 148, the old high was 150, that means we're going to be looking at something, an ABCD that's going to take this thing up to 153 or something, which hasn't been at that level for many, many years. This would mean, I would think, there would be pretty much wild speculation coming back into the markets. And of course, as we saw with the Morgan Stanley yesterday coming out with a price objective of 440 on their analysis in the Morgan Stanley view of Tesla, I'm sure Morgan Stanley didn't put any positions on that the day before they issued the report. I don't think that would be kosher, but maybe they did, maybe they didn't, but it did have a 12%, I think it was a 12% or a 20, yet had a 12% move in one day or 15%. It's still down 20% on the year, but it's still on the way up. It's pretty hard to fade somebody that's as successful as Elon Musk's folks. The guy's got an IQ, the only thing I question is, is his breeding. He has 11 children, and I guess he has a wish to have his progeny moving on quite a bit. Unfortunately, we didn't have that with either Nicholas Tesla or Leonardo da Vinci. And so anyway, those are things that we don't have to worry about on this show. Okay, now one of the questions that someone is asking me, do I think the stock market is still in a bullish mode? You have to assume that it still is, folks, because it's still going up from the low that we made on September the 3rd at 4435 in the June, September S&P. That was an exact 61% retracement. From that level, we rallied 60 handles on Monday, okay? That took us up to 95. We came, dropped 30 handles back today down to about 65, and now we're bouncing between those numbers. Now, that's all, we go below 4435. That's a game changer. That's going to be a lot different, but that's a long way from where we are right now. So you can't really say that the market is bearish. Now, when these reports come out each night, sometimes they're bullish, sometimes they're bearish, and they will affect the markets for a short period of time. But when you see something as dramatic as what happened with taking a stock as, you know, so many people have Tesla, and they say it's at 220, and then all of a sudden, I remember 220 at 219, folks, was at 382. It hit it twice in the same week at 219, and then it opens at some ungodly number. I don't remember what it was, but it was up quite a bit. But that doesn't mean it's going to go to 440 in the next couple of weeks. I think that there, I don't know anything about the report, but my guess is it was probably a long-term report that they're looking something probably several years down the road, maybe as long as 18 months. And who knows? I mean, these markets move very, look what they did to NVIDIA, folks. It was 150, and it went from 150 to 580. You know, same thing almost with Eli Lilly. So when these markets come, they come pretty very, they come very, very quickly. And I wanted to share, regarding that wheat trade that we did, I want to bring this up from our friend Jeff over in New Jersey. He was looking at some lower prices down in here. You can see I was looking for my price to come in right about there. It didn't, and it didn't work, but that's neither here nor there. But these are, he has several other lower projections than I did, and the only reason that I was doing it differently is I was just taking the last part of the market between August to 29th and where we are today. And I expanded that to see what the 1.618 expansion was. Because you can see the last time we had that happen, the market rallied 26 cents. That's a $1,400 profit if you'd have taken all of it. And we don't expect to take all of it, but that's what happens. Now, the fact that it went down to where it did today and then rallied to 85, gives me a heads up. And we got our grain report coming in here on Friday, I believe. Yes, it's a grain report. And pretty much the crop has been made, folks. The only thing that will be different is if we run into some really what we call a super cold weather, a freezing type weather, then it's a little different. So that's what we're watching here in the grain markets. So that's pretty much it. We're going to have a mic more. More analytics will be our guest here when we come back. And so let's stay tuned and we'll have some more information. If you have any questions, it's<PHONE_NUMBER>. And we'll be right back. The Gold Report. As a precious metal, gold is still king. It continues to hold the most effective safe haven and hedging properties across the global major trading hubs of the London OTC market, the US futures market, and the Shanghai Gold Exchange. The Gold Report. Tom O'Brien publishes his weekly Gold Report every Monday morning for subscribers, consisting of coverage of the XAU, HUI, GDX, the Dollar, Bonds, the South African Rand, as well as 25 different mining equities with specific buy-sell recommendations. The Gold Report. New subscribers get a 30-day money-back guarantee so you have nothing to risk. Subscribe to Tom O'Brien's Gold Report newsletter now. at TFNN.com Everything in the universe is governed by the Fibonacci sequence. This mathematical principle is responsible for everything from the most aesthetically pleasing artwork to patterns in the stock market. To stay on top of stock patterns you can take advantage of, sign up for the Fibonacci 24-7 newsletter at TFNN.com. When you subscribe, you'll get a weekly report from Veteran Day trader Larry Pezzavento on stocks you need to pay attention to. And you can trust Larry's analysis. After all, he's got 45 years experience as a day trader. Larry will also provide daily charts, videos, and data on the key markets that he's tracking. Expect notifications from Larry on market movement you need to act on at any time. First-time subscribers also get a 30-day money-back guarantee. If you're not satisfied, let us know and you'll get a full refund within 30 days of signing up. Subscribe to the Fibonacci 24-7 newsletter today. TFNN.com. Educating investors. Sharpening your skills as an investor is like getting better at playing a musical instrument. You have to practice, sure, but you also need excellent instruction from experts. At TFNN, you'll get advice and guidance from the authority in technical market analysis. And it's not just dry, tedious text, either. TFNN airs live financial content streamed live on TFNN.com and TFNN's YouTube channel with Tiger TV, live every market day from 8.30 a.m. to 4.00 p.m. Eastern. For free, each host is an experienced trader and gives their take on the market while taking calls and questions live from around the world. From the moment the market opens until the closing bell sounds, Tiger TV has eight different shows with expert hosts to help you make the right moves with your money.  Don't forget, you can listen to TFNN live on your mobile device 24 hours per day. Go to TFNN.com then hit Watch Tiger TV. That's TFNN.com then hit Watch Tiger TV. I believe we have Mike Moore on the line now. Hopefully he'll be with us for a second. Maybe he's going to be busy today. I'm not sure, but we're going to try. No, Michael, yet. So we're going to keep doing some charts here. So bear with me here. Got the market moving really strong again. We got that E-mini, S&P moving up quite a bit from that level we were looking at just a little while ago up there at 45. The low today was a 45, 14. Perfect ABCD down there. Those of you that like ABCD, you know, since we're doing that, let's just bring this up to let the boys and girls see what we were watching here. So we'll get this up here so we'll be able to see the old ABCD. You know what? I think I can just do this all at one time. This is just an old eight-minute chart. So let's just get this up here to show where we're looking at it right here. And then you'll see where the bottom was there. Hold on. We're going to try to do something a little differently. We're going to work out okay and make my life. We're going to put on screens, okay? Screen one. Go live. And let's see if we can see my chart of the E-mini, S&P trading at 45, 37. That's up from the ABCD as you can see at 45, 20, whatever it was, 45, 14. Let me double-check to see if this can be seen. Can you see the chart in there? Anybody help me with that? A broadsword to Danny Boy. A broadsword to Danny Boy. Come in, Danny Boy. See what's going on here with that. And did anybody see the picture of the chart that we were seeing the chart? Okay, so let's get back here. But not now, but you will now again. Hopefully you'll see it now. There it is. There's where we are. Okay, we had this really nice run here. Now, if you wanted to be, you know, really be a kicks and giggles here. I mean, this is just a really short-term chart here. But you can see the smaller ABCD that we've got going right now. And there it is right there. We should be topping right about now with this. So we're going to see this is a double ABCD. As you can see, we got an ABCD to the downside, not ABCD to the upside. So that's what we're looking at as we try to decipher what we're looking at when we're watching some of these things here today. I hope that makes a lot of sense to you. Let's double check to see if we have Mike Moore coming on. If not, we'll have to do Kay. All right. Whenever you say not now, I know what that means. Okay, let me get another one. Since we're doing something we're going to do. Okay, Mike has a problem today, so we're not going to worry about that. Let's take a quick bird's eye view here of the Euro, folks. We're going to just show you where we are here. Now I'm going to do an hourly chart on the Euro because you're going to see more of it. And you can see how bearish it's been for such a very, very long time. And all I'm going to do now is I'm going to try to put this in here. And that's not what I wanted to see because it doesn't show the swings that I think that are necessary. So okay, all I'm going to do now is I'm going to put in I'm going to do this together so we can do it together, boys and girls, because this is what I do when I'm doing the live trading thing. So we'll come up here and we're going to come over here to the screen and change the windows. And we're going to go to screens. I think this is what I want, screen one. And there it is. Now let's hope we got the Euro here. All right. Now there's the Euro, folks. Now look, we've been down here since September the 7th. And here we are a whole week later, you see, we've had virtually no rally in this. You see this? This is telling us this is not ready to go up yet. It's getting close possibly. But look at this. This does not have any bounce at all.  But, you know, this one hasn't bounced like that.  So we want to use that as our fulcrum point because that was the last major rally. If you come down and look at it, where did we hit the last three days? Ba-da-bing, ba-da-boom, ba-da-bing. Now if we get above here, if we get above that 107.65, that's what we call something has changed.  That would also mean that you would be looking at this from an ABCD. There's your A-leg right there. There's your B-leg, C-leg, D-leg. And then boom, you would be going all the way up to this level right here. Now why would this be important? Well, you've got to do your same thing. You go back, take your next high. That was back here. You want to do it both ways. You want to go back and look and you see that's going to take you where? To the 3A-2 of the whole move, okay? Now that's why that is important. That's how you... Folks, this is the most actively traded thing in the world. I mean, it's major, major, okay? And then we also want to see what it would be from the previous high back here. And as you can see, that'll bring you in exactly at 50%. So you have two things right there. 50% retracement of this move and 3A-2 of that move. Above here, off to the races. Then the dollar is in trouble and gold's going to continue probably maybe get some type of a bounce in here because it's all got all the way down to 1929. Ooh, that's a terrible thing to remember, 1929. So that's another one why we're paying so close attention. If you have any questions, folks, please let me know. It's<PHONE_NUMBER>. But as Al just let me know, it is impossible to get through, folks. The lines are just jam-packed. I mean, it's just... I think we're going to have to put in extra lines, but, you know, as many as we have now, you'd think someone would be able to get through, but unfortunately, that's not happening. So let's move on. I know when I'm looking at it right now, we are not seeing the chart, but I'm just trying to prepare. A phone line just opened up, Al said. So if you do call, it's<PHONE_NUMBER>. And for heaven's sake, too late. Someone's trying to get through. All right, let's get on here. We've got another... How much we got another minute and a half here to clear, and then we'll move on to another one. Since we're doing that with that, and we'll be able to spend some time here with the gold market. Well, see, this is actually held it so far in the S&P, not yet, but just a little bit. But let's take a look at that gold market and just for kicks and giggles, because this is one of our favorite things to trade.  Since I know you can see my charts now, I'm just going to clean everything out so you'll see where we are. This is the one that was really, that we really wanted right there, folks. This was the one at 55. You can see here we got 54-50, 1954-50, 1954-80. And then there was your first 3-8-2 retracement, a second one, and then a third one. And we're setting pretty close, I believe, where we might be getting close to the 78% level. Yes, we are. You see within a buck or two of that, so we're going to pay close attention. But frankly, folks, if the dollar continues strengthening, and that's what this usually means, because you can see the large ABCD here, right here from this one here, went all the way up, went actually quite a bit higher than that. This extension, this BC swing, you can see there's another one here, ABCD. This extends by 1.27 to get you up to that level. And you can see that, because all you have to do is measure from your last high to your low, and bada-bing, bada-boom, and look, there is your 1.27. Mathematics in action, boys and girls.<PHONE_NUMBER>. You might think that if you want to be successful at trading in the stock market, you're going to need a crystal ball. After all, it's impossible to predict the future, right? Like any endeavor in life, before you decide it's impossible, get some advice from the experts. You might find that it's not so impossible after all. For daily market overviews that give you direction on the key indices, selective stocks, and commodities, subscribe to the opening call newsletter at tfnn.com. The opening call newsletter is written by Basil Chapman, creator of the trading methodology known as the Chapman Wave. The Chapman Wave up-down sequence gives you an edge in identifying price turns, finding the peaks and valleys in stock prices.  First-time subscribers also get a 30-day money-back guarantee. If you're not satisfied, let us know and you'll get a full refund within 30 days of signing up. tfnn.com Educating investors. Are you ready to take your trading to the next level? Introducing Tom O'Brien's award-winning newsletter Market Insights, your key to successful active trading. Tom O'Brien, renowned for his expertise in the financial markets, has designed Market Insights to be your daily guide to profitable trades. Tom publishes his daily Market Insights newsletter every market day before the market open, along with updates when warranted. Stay ahead of the game with Tom's real-time analysis and trade recommendations delivered straight to your inbox.  To join the ranks of successful traders, head over to tfnn.com and subscribe to Market Insights today. Don't miss out on this opportunity to supercharge your trading results. Market Insights comes with a 30-day money-back guarantee for all new subscribers, so you have nothing to risk. Don't miss out on this opportunity to revolutionize your trading game. Head over to tfnn.com right now to join the thousands of traders who have already experienced the power of Tom O'Brien's award-winning newsletter Market Insights firsthand. tfnn. Educating investors. Booming, but for how long? Whether you think the biotech bull has room to run or has run its course, trade L-A-B-U or L-A-B-D. Directions daily S&P biotech three times bull and bear ETFs. Visit DirectionInvestments.com slash biotech today. An investor should consider the investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses of the direction shares carefully before investing. The prospectus and summary prospectus contain this information about direction shares. To obtain a prospectus or summary prospectus, please contact Direction Shares at<PHONE_NUMBER>. The prospectus or summary prospectus should be read carefully before investing. An investment in the funds is subject to risk, including the possible loss of principal. The funds are designed to be utilized only by sophisticated investors such as traders and active investors. Distributor, Foreside Fund Services, LLC. This program is brought to you by Vista Gold, located on the NYSE American NTSX under the symbol VGZ. Okay, folks, I posted the chart that we were looking at, which is the eight-minute chart on the E-mini S&P. We had that ABCD pattern on the upside. We had an ABCD pattern on the downside, and all we were looking at. Now we're having correction. Now what we should look for, because the market has been relatively strong, it should retrace at least to the 382 retracement, and that would bring us down here to 4529. So what I'm going to do now is I'm going to put my limit reminder on here to see if it's going to hit 4529 to see if it's going to do that. Now, the fact that it's coming down quite quickly, we see we've dropped eight points very quickly. It gives you high probability we're going to go lower than that. So that's what we want to be watching and see what it does. But first it's got to get to 4529. We're trading it, well, we're almost there, 4530 right now. So when we get to that point, we're going to be watching it really, really closely. Now, if you sold that ABCD pattern up there, okay, your risk would be about five points. You've already made eight. So what you would do is you would lock in at least five points on this. So you'd put your buy stop at 4535, and that would lock in, you know, several hundred dollars. So that's if you're trading short term, that's what I'd be looking.  We'll just one take away from that 382, and then we're going to find out whether it's going to have a larger move or not. Someone's asked the question, why do I figure the 382? Well, first of all, it's the first ratio that pops up in the Fibonacci sequence of 382-506-187-86. And it's also the last time you can see here, the last time we pulled off, this was a 382 retracement back here at 4522. So those are the ones that, there, just hit the 382 just now at 4529. So that's, now it's getting below it. That's what we want to see. If you want to continue to go to the downside, I would be watching it right in here. Now, the fact that we've come down 10 points in a matter of 16 minutes, not even 16 minutes, about 12 minutes, tells you that most probably we're going to work a little bit lower. So what do you want to do is we want to calculate what would be the next spot that it would hold. Well, it's right there at the 50% level at 4526. Now, we haven't been much below 4529. We've only been to 4528-50. So this is going to, it could easily turn from this level right here. So this is when you're short-term trading. This is what you have to do is to define what your risk is going to be on this. But you can see that ABCD pattern up there. It was complete. If we did a quick perusal of this, these are eight-minute bars. You had one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine bars in that move. And from your low here, you had one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. Whoops, nine bars in the up move. So it's just perfect ABCD in action right from the works of H.M. Gardley and also Benoit Mandelbrot. So that's what I'd be doing. Now, had I been in this trade, which I was, I would be out of the trade now waiting to see what the next thing is going to bring us because it got down to the point that I was looking for. And, you know, I sold it at 28, 45, 28. I got out at 29 and made 450 bucks in a period of 16 minutes. And that's almost like being a plastic surgeon in Miami Beach. So anyway, those are a few things that we're looking at. Hopefully we're going to have Mike Moore on later on this week. If not, we'll get him on next week for sure. Tomorrow is Jeff huge. Grace Morris will be back from Europe on Thursday. She promised me she was going to come back five days early just to be on the show. And then of course, Jim Bartolioni will be our guest on Rosh Hashanah Yam Kapoor. And of course, there's a cycle in the stock market where you buy on Rosh Hashanah and you shell in Yam Kapoor. And it is a lunar cycle, folks. It is a lunar cycle. So that's why you want to be paying a close attention to that because it is a lunar cycle. Now we're moving a little bit lower now, 45, 28.  I don't know. But we'll have to wait and see. But we've had two bars down now, two eight minute bars. The next one should hold at the 50%. And it might not. It might go to 61. And I don't know where it's going to go, but nobody else does either. So I'm just trying to read it, just like a cartographer is reading a map, trying to get across the Atlantic, much like my good friend and first cousin, Christopher Columbus did back when he brought the pilgrims over. No, that wasn't the pilgrims. That was the three boats from Spain. Okay, I know what that means, folks. I'm just trying to make up a little bit of time here to see if we have any other things going on. Someone asked a question about the wheat. If I would check, I've actually taken wheat off my thing, but I can bring it up here just one second here. We'll take a quick look to see what the wheat has been doing here since it had that nice little run here. Let's put the eight minute up here. And I believe, oh, it's had a heck of a run. It's, wow, it went all the way up to 91. Are you kidding me? Boy, I'm going to have to get to the firm of do we cheat him and how on this one. Look at this, folks. This is my boy. My buy order was right here. My stop was right there. And that would have been a nice one. Let's see where it's going to stop, okay? Go back to the last highs we made way back here. All right, now this should be, now I can tell you right now it's 50%. It's a little more than 382, I believe, but there was your high back on September the 6th. And there you come in right there. Well, your 382 came in here at 87. We didn't quite make the 50% level. So what I'll be watching now is to see what the pullback will do here. Because this is probably a pretty good bottom now in the week.  Because I need two things. I need either expansion, contraction, or really ABCD nice pattern. That's what I'm looking forward to as we go out, look, outlier this. So let's get back to the old stop and P and O. We're still coming down as you can see here. We're almost down to the 61% retracement. Now I am not upset the fact that I got out here when I could have made an extra three cents because at this point, you see, I was home free and I made my quota, which I was eight points is what I was trying to make. I made eight and a half, which was good. Stop and think I was only risking four. So it's two to one. And you don't get two to one very often. You certainly don't get that in baseball, basketball, or any place else. You don't get it in Las Vegas. So that's why trading is a lot of fun. But, you know, it's also has fraud with danger. Because if you get in here and don't know what you're doing, you can run into a whole lot of problems. And that's not a, that's not a fun thing to go into. Okay. Let's just remind ourselves of that. All right. Okay. Hope that helps here. We almost made the 61 there. We got down to 2475. The number was 23. Well, basically 24. So this might be the bottom right here at 424. But again, it's still early. You know, it's, we got another guest coming in here tomorrow. You know, of course we'll be out here by tomorrow. Let's see what else we have to see if we've got anything coming into the den. I'll set a line just opened up, shut the front door and raise the rent. See if we can get this back up again. And everybody can see it. Okay. Now I am going to ask Al in the den if everything that I'm showing you is live, or is it Memorex? So Al, tell me, I know it's not showing now, but it was before. Everything was good, right? It was moving. Okay. Cause that makes my job a whole lot easier. And it looks like I have another 17 years going ahead. So let's take a break here.<PHONE_NUMBER> and we'll wrap it up. If you're looking for potential trading setups in the stock market, then Rocket Equities & Options Report is a newsletter you should try. Tommy O'Brien delivers options and equity trades when the markets present them using a combination of fundamentals and technicals. Sign up for Rocket Equities & Options Report today with a 30-day money-back guarantee so you have nothing to risk. For all the details and to start your subscription today, visit the front page of TFNN.com, TFNN Educating Investors. You might think that if you want to be successful at trading in the stock market, you're going to need a crystal ball. After all, it's impossible to predict the future, right? Like any endeavor in life, before you decide it's impossible, get some advice from the experts. You might find that it's not so impossible after all. For daily market overviews that give you direction on the key indices, selective stocks and commodities, subscribe to the opening call newsletter at TFNN.com. The opening call newsletter is written by Basil Chapman, creator of the trading methodology known as the Chapman Wave. The Chapman Wave up-down sequence gives you an edge in identifying price turns, finding the peaks and valleys in stock prices.  First-time subscribers also get a 30-day money-back guarantee. If you're not satisfied, let us know and you'll get a full refund within 30 days of signing up. TFNN.com Educating Investors. This is a weekly report from Veteran Day Trader Larry Pezzavento on stocks you need to pay attention to and you can trust Larry's analysis. After all, he's got 45 years experience as a day trader. Larry will also provide daily charts, videos and data on the key markets that he's tracking. Expect notifications from Larry on market movement you need to act on at any time. First-time subscribers also get a 30-day money-back guarantee. If you're not satisfied, let us know and you'll get a full refund within 30 days of signing up. Subscribe to the Fibonacci 24-7 newsletter today. TFNN.com Educating Investors. There's no catch or added costs when you join our community of traders. Sign up today and become a part of this educational community of traders. Just visit the front page of TFNN.com. Don't forget, you can listen to TFNN live on your mobile device 24 hours per day. Go to TFNN.com and hit Watch Tiger TV. That's TFNN.com and hit Watch Tiger TV. I put up the chart that I think is the most important of the charts that we've watched here today and that is the chart of the dollar index. You'll see here the fact that we're up at this level right here, folks. The good part is we're up 10 weeks, okay? Let's try it again, Larry, 8 weeks. That usually means you can see 8 weeks here, big correction. We could get a big correction anytime, so that's why I'm watching it very closely. It's above that 105-30 level. It's going to really take off, but right now it hasn't done that, but I'm watching the euro. I've already went through what I'm watching for in the euro. That's not a hard one to understand, but that's what I'm trying to do is I look at the dollar index and I know that that is 53% or 56% of it is going to be in the euro. That's the main play. The second one will be the British pound. The third one will be the Canadian dollar and the Australian dollar. I'll be watching those to see if they come into areas where we might find a very, very low risk entry. Right now we have one in the euro, but I'm not sure that it's going to hold or not, but it was very, very low risk down there at that 107-20 level. I remember we've been a little bit below 106 just a few days ago, but we haven't taken that out yet, so that's telling you that it is searching for a bottom. Just like in the bonds, folks. I mean, look at the bonds. Folks, we had that 382 just a few days ago up there, 120-05, and we've been below 119 several times since that. But for the first time today, we rallied back half to that distance at 119-19, which was the first sign that, yes, maybe the bond market is trying to get a few friends. When I say a few friends, folks, I mean that sincerely because there's not many of them out there. It's certainly going to be a really rough road. Now, tomorrow we're going to have Jeff Huge of Alpha Insights as our guest. And as I mentioned on Thursday, Grace Morris, and on Friday, we're going to have none other than our good friend, Jim Bartolioni, so live every day in an attitude of gratitude and may God bless.


Greetings, ICS Village. Thank you all so much for joining me today. I hope you are all doing well and your families are staying safe and healthy. I'm very excited to be here today to talk to you about living off the land and an ICS slash OT penetration test. So brief introduction on myself. My name is Aaron Boyd. I'm a senior industrial penetration tester here at Dregos. I live in Denver, Colorado. My background is mainly been in security architecture type rules and verticals such as oil and gas manufacturing and aerospace. I do hold a couple of cybersecurity certifications mostly in the offensive discipline. And let's just jump right into it. So talking about an example ICS environment is really difficult because as penetration testers, we never know what type of environment we're dropping into, whether remotely or on site. We have no idea what type of configurations we're going to be up against, what kind of architecture is in place, but there are typically two commonalities that we see more often than not. And the first of the commonalities is there's usually no internet access. At least we hope there's not any internet access. And with no internet access, we don't have a way to download our payloads or our scripts or establish connectivity to our centralized command and control infrastructure. In addition to no internet access, there's usually USB restrictions, whether USB itself is completely disabled through the machine BIOS, or there's group policy objects enforcing the restriction of removable media. So with these two things we have no real way to get data to the environment, get data from the environment. So, what do we do? We live off the land. And I'm going to be talking about one of these techniques today. But first, let's talk about what living off the land actually is. So living off the land is a broad term that describes the use of pre existing utilities on Windows operating systems or networks that are known and trusted with legitimate capabilities. So we flip that script and use it for various purposes. And there's a link here in the presentation to a Drago's white paper that talks a little bit more in depth about living off the land and ICS or OT cybersecurity. But as far as this presentation goes, I wanted to touch on four key points about living off the land. Living off the land is likely not going to be detected by any of ours. As most of us know some ICS environments may not have any of ours, if at all. And if there is any of ours, leveraging the existing tools and utilities on the machines or network prevents us having to download files to the disk, which prevents us from getting detected quickly. In addition to that these living off the land binaries are commonly used in a lot of environments. So if monitoring has been implemented. We do hope that the monitoring is tuned to your environment, because a lot of these things generate a fairly significant amount of logs. And with that those looking at those logs, the risk is increased for alert fatigue or false positives being decided. Additionally, a lot of these are trusted by default because they're Windows operating system binaries natively on the disk that are digitally signed by Microsoft. And if they're not natively in the operating system, they could be downloaded directly from the Microsoft website. So if you have any virus in your environment, or you have application whitelisting with a rule that blocks executables binaries or scripts from unknown or untrusted publishers.  And another one that doesn't get a whole lot of attention when talking about living off the land techniques but it does happen is the trust relationship with vendors. So sometimes work is performed in an environment from a trusted vendor, and this can be done from either an implementation or support standpoint. So when we drop into an environment and we see tools of vendors leveraging a lot of times there is potential for us to use those tools. Because you're already accustomed to them, you trust them, you expect to see it, we can leverage it and it'll just look like normal behavior. So, as I mentioned, there's lots and lots of different living off the land techniques, and I was going to focus on one today. And it's one that I personally have had more consistent success with. And that is bits admin. Bits admin is a command line tool to manage the background intelligent transfer service and Microsoft Windows. So bits admin is used to either create jobs to either download upload copy or transfer files, and it can also be used to monitor the progress of our existing jobs. The native binary location for bits admin is your system 32 or syswow64 directories. And in addition to that, there's also some PowerShell commandlets for interacting with bits admin and the bits service. So talking about bits from a high level, I'm going to ask three questions. First, do you patch your systems? If you do, there's a strong possibility that whatever solution you use leverages bits to download and apply updates. For example, on your enterprise machines, you have Google Chrome browser of choice periodically checks for updates. If you look at your Windows Event Viewer logs for operational bits client data, you will see both these browsers periodically checking for updates. I'll get in the Windows Event Viewer a little bit later in detail, but because that behavior is expected and normal, chances are it's going to be successful. You have application whitelisting implemented. With a lot of application whitelisting solutions, it's not uncommon for there to be a default rule to either automatically trust, execute, or elevate Microsoft signed applications or binaries. Like I touched on, if you've got a rule to block unknown untrusted publishers, the fact that a lot of these living off the land binaries, bits admin, for example, signed by Microsoft gets around that defense mechanism. And just another homage to antivirus. A lot of times, or sometimes antivirus may not be installed in a lot of environments, or if it is, it has a lot of exceptions to not interrupt the process. And I will say that some antivirus providers are getting better with detecting abuse of a lot of these living off the land techniques. For example, I know the latest definitions and updates for Windows Defender. If you execute bits admin.exe to create a job, it's going to trigger on that in Windows Defender. There are ways around that. I'm not going to get into detail on that here, but the potential is there. So I'm talking about bits admin, you're probably asking me, do I have an example? Of course I do. So let's paint the following scenario. We have access to an operator workstation. This operator workstation could be running an HMI or DCS that's running in full screen view. There's not an easy way to get rid of it. If you are able to get rid of it, then you've got group policy objects applying at the machine level, applying other restrictions preventing you from traversing the file system on the machine, or other restrictions that we commonly see. I do have ways around a lot of this. Again, I'm not going to go into detail on any of these, but for the sake of time, let's just assume we bypassed all these restrictions, and now we have obtained a PowerShell prompt. At this point, we start enumerating the machine. We look at the host information. We look at the user information. We look for things like startup scripts. The machine is domain joined. Startup scripts, logon scripts, logon, logoff, startup shutdown are commonly configured through Active Directory, group policy objects with the scripts being located on their domain controllers. Depending on the importance of those logon scripts, there's a good chance that those scripts are also going to be locally stored on these machines. And that's just an extra set of redundancy in case the domain controllers or domain goes down for any reason, those scripts still run. The function of those scripts can vary greatly, but the more common ones I've come across are mapping network drives, checking the context of the user that's logging in, applying restrictions just to be an extra layer of security. So with those scripts locally on the machine, a lot of times there's access control lists or other whitelisting type mechanisms implemented on those directories where the contents are protected from non administrative users. So let's actually go through the process of discovering the startup script. So as mentioned, we've got the power shell prompt, and we can pass this get item command to enumerate the registry to look for items that run at logon. And in this case we find one called drago stop that located in the scripts directory on the C drive. So curious about what that script is and what it contains we pass the type command on it to see the contents. In this case is just a simple demo script that says this is a startup script demo for living off the land. Once we see the startup scripts, we look at the permissions on the script with icacals to see who's got permissions to either modify it make changes, etc. In this case, only the anti authority system of the machine itself and administrators on the machine have full access to the script. So, in wondering this operator user we have a power show prompt on, are they inadvertently added to the administrators group. And through using the net user command, we can see that the user is not a member of the administrator group. And therefore the account will unlikely be able to make changes to that script. I always like to do an extra set or just a second piece of verification, just in case there's something else running in the background to overwrite access control list. And in this case, that did not work. Because I opened the script in notepad. I tried to make a change just by appending a test before that pause command and attempting to save it, we can confirm we don't have permission to that file. However, we do have the permission to copy that file, save it on our desktop, and then make changes to it, which is exactly what I did here. I created that script, put it on my desktop, added those two lines to create a new local user and add it to the local administrators group on the machine. So now that I have this script on my desktop, the registry key says run the script in the scripts directory. So I need to find a way to take the contents of the script on my desktop, and have it be placed over writing the script and the scripts directory. Here's where bits admin comes into play. So bits admin, like, it runs in an elevated context on this machine. It runs as either administrator or system, because of those auto trust application white listing rules. So even though the context of the user I'm running the command doesn't have permission to that file, because bits admin runs in an elevated context, it should overwrite the permissions of the user. So in this case, I basically am telling bits admin created transfer job and call it drag us. If you're in an engagement, be mindful of the job you're naming it, because bits admin and bits client in general, natively stores these logs and windows event viewer like I mentioned earlier and like I'll mention again later, where if you're naming it something blatantly obvious, it's going to stick out like a sore thumb, if somebody is monitoring the logs. So once creating the job called drago switch, we can see that happened successfully. I'm adding a file to that job was sourcing destination. So I'm telling the drago spits admin job to add this file source file being that startup script on my desktop with the destination overriding what's existing in the scripts directory. So once we see it was able to add the source and destination file successfully, because we weren't presented with an access denied message. So, once I saw that happen. Now we can resume the job, which is our way of telling bits admin. We've got no further changes to the drago shop. Just go ahead and add it to the queue for processing. If bits is configured in the environment, it could either process it immediately or process it on a predetermined time frequency. In this case for the proof of concept in the demo, I wanted it to go right now. So I told bits admin just go complete this job called dragos, and we're able to see the job completed. Okay, there's no other jobs in the queue or just bits admin already did my bidding. I'm good. I'll pass bits admin reset just to clear the queue in case there were any other jobs hung up. In this case, there were none. So to really confirm this work the way I intended. I now type the output of the drago's batch script in the scripts directory. You can see those two lines appended to create a new local user and add it to the administrators group. Now, even though we were able to successfully overwrite this script using bits admin, we still have another hurdle to get over. So in order to add users to a machine and add them to the administrators group, we need to have administrative permissions on the machine, which our operator does not have. So for proof of concept, just assume and this is a penetration test. We would then reach out to our point of contact with the client and say something along the lines of, like, hey, something might not be working the way intended we're not sure if this is a restriction on our account, or something wasn't configured properly, would you mind logging in just checking, we have the access you intended us to have, and everything is working properly before we proceed with our engagement. A lot of times they'll say yes, you're not realizing that this request is part of the engagement, which happens a lot. So they log in with their administrative permissions, and the script executes successfully. As we can see with the image on the left. There's the context, you know it's a startup script demo, living off the land, the command completed successfully twice. So we can assume that drago's was the drago's user was created and they were added to the administrators group. Now to someone that's seen the output of the script, many, many times. It's safe to say they would either just minimize it or close it because they see it so many times, they expected no changes, they wouldn't notice command completed successfully in this prompts, if they weren't aware. So once that script runs, they do their thing, they check and make sure they tell us everything is working as intended. We say okay thank you for validating you know we're good to go from here we'll continue with the engagement. So we'll log back in with the operator account, achieve that PowerShell prompt again. Now we run the net users command to see the users on the machine, and we can confirm Drago's as a user. So now we can run PowerShell as the drago's user. And you can tell by the prompt below, we ran a who am I just to confirm and enumerated the local administrators group on that machine and confirmed drago's is an admin, we now have admin on that box. So assuming this machine is domain joined, we can now turn off a lot of those USB device restrictions if they were being applied through GPO and interact with the LSAS.exe process creating a memory dump of it, extracting it offline, then we can look into harvest and TLM hashes. Hopefully there's going to be a domain account, we're able to see for lateral movement that we can harvest for past the hash activities, or we can extract, you know, the SAM security system hives out of HKE local machine for impact it or we can enable W digest on the machine and reboot it and try to capture credentials and clear text for next logon attempts. So, as I mentioned, there are so many living off the land techniques. And what I demonstrated today with Bitsatman is just one example of the capabilities of using it for nefarious purposes. So assuming we're in an environment with internet access, we can also use Bitsatman to download files from the internet and execute them immediately. And another living off the land technique run DLL32, we can download our malicious DLL file, replace an existing legitimate one and execute it, achieving a callback to our centralized command and control server. So if you really wanted to get fancy with it, you can by creating one liners to either run a command or a sequence of command. And one of the common questions I get asked when presenting conversations like this is Aaron, why are you telling us all about your TTPs.  So as penetration testers at Dregos, we're not here to point fingers, we're not here to judge, we're here to raise awareness. And there's a lot of belief, especially me personally, that there's been so much attention put on the prevention of these things from happening and not enough on monitoring and detecting it. Because, as you saw, there was an access control list on that scripts directory, where an operator or owner would think only admins can make changes to this directory were good. I demonstrated pretty quickly. No, I was able to get around that. So with that, if something were to happen, if you weren't monitoring or looking for it, you'd have a tough time answering the questions, how did it happen, when did it happen, who did it. So with that, I want to jump into how you can detect this activity. And one of the ways to do that is monitoring Windows event logs. Because like I mentioned, this is enabled and turned on by default in Microsoft Windows operating system. And the event log captures everything related to the bit service. And these logs are located in this location of the event viewer applications and services logs, Microsoft Windows bits client operational. And there's five event IDs I recommend paying particularly close attention to. So event ID three is bit service created a new job. This is the equivalent of me doing bits admin.exe forward slash create Dregos. That's me creating the Dregos job. This would show up in event viewer event ID three, Dregos job was created. Event ID four transfer job is complete. Again, that's me forcing it to go ahead run it right now. Don't worry about the queue. There should be no user manually creating or completing job jobs with bits admin. Event ID five, the job is canceled. Like I had mentioned, if there's someone trying to get bits admin to work, it's not working the way they think they created numerous jobs. They're just sitting there hanging. They want to clear it all and do a clean slate. They do bits admin exe cancel to wipe out all the jobs from the queue. If anyone does that on a machine, something's going on right then and there. And then event ID is 59 and 60. We'll just word it as starting and stopping the job. But the interesting thing about both these IDs is they also contain the download or upload URLs that might be interesting. So if the machine does have internet access, looking at these event IDs will tell you where bits is going to download jobs. So if something is being downloaded from a source that's not normal, you'd be able to see that in the event viewer natively. If you're not capturing Windows event viewers assuming you've got some other type of log aggregator, whether it's sys log sys mon or you've got another sim like Splunk. Pay attention to the command line options like I demonstrated. So transfer is the transfer of a file from one location to another. And the example I did I just copied it. So it's still maintained on my desktop. But let's assume there's a DLL file and a trusted directory. And I don't want to have it anywhere else. I just want it there, or in another location. I can run bits admin transfer to physically move it from one location to another. Again, like I mentioned, there should be no users going in manually creating or adding files to jobs. And the set notify the set minimum retry set custom headers. Those are defensive Asian techniques. So if you've got community rules, snore, anything like that. That's looking for common headers found in IOC's attackers can pass that set custom headers to set a custom header to evade that defense mechanism and resume. Like I had mentioned, no user should be going in manually doing these jobs. Like I mentioned earlier, bits admin can also be interacted with through PowerShell. So also pay attention to your PowerShell logs or other admin type logs that could also contain information relating to bits activity. I know turning on those PowerShell logs can be super tedious. But at least you can just look for these commands that I've highlighted on the screen here as it relates to bits admin. Like I mentioned, there's tons of living off the land binaries and scripts. Bits admin is only one of them. We've used a handful of others, actually many others in our engagements successfully. So if you're leaving here curious what other types of binaries and scripts are out there for living off the land techniques. I will share this project with you. It's open source and community driven where they talk about other potential binaries or scripts used in living off the land techniques. And the site is interesting, not only because it talks about how they are and how they're leveraged, but they also post if applicable mitigation or detection strategies with them. So if you are curious and other living off the land techniques, detections and mitigation strategies for them, I highly encourage you to go visit the site, bookmark it, check it on a periodic basis, because it is being updated as new TTPs are discovered. So with that, I'd like to thank you for being here with me today. Hopefully I didn't ramble too fast for you. Please feel free to reach out to me with any questions you have. I can be reached by my dregos email, which is a boy to dregos.com, or feel free to reach out to me and connect with me on Twitter. My handle is at ICS underscore blitz, and I'd be happy to answer any questions that you may have. Again, thank you for being here with me today. Thank you to DEF CON and the ICS village for giving me the opportunity to be here. I hope you and your families all stay safe and healthy, and I hope to be able to meet with you all one day soon. Take care.


Freedom! Today I wanted to talk to you about another success tip. This one boils down to let your freak flag fly! Great Scott Marty! Yeah, if you're wondering where I'm going with this, go ahead and keep watching. If not, you can always find more of my videos down on the video part, somewhere. A lot of times here on YouTube, we all get caught up in what somebody else expects of us and or what we expect of ourselves. Sometimes you just have to do something for you. That means you gotta have a little bit of fun, maybe make a video just for yourself, maybe flex your creative muscles in a way that you normally wouldn't just because it seems fun and just because it seems enjoyable to you. Maybe pull out a character you don't use often. Sometimes we can be our own worst critics. We can also kind of get caught in a funk of doing the same thing again and again and again, which isn't really good for anybody. No one wants to feel trapped in the kind of content that they do. Also, no one as pure really wants to watch the same thing over and over and over again. Of course, people subscribe for a specific style. They subscribe for a certain type of either commentary or video. However, at the end of the day, people also want to see innovations happen. People also want to see you evolve over time. Also, sometimes just a fun or funny video that pops up by surprise can also be appreciated very much. Hi there, I'm a surprise. We'd like to meet you here in the surprise videos. Often you can find yourself in a rut. You can find yourself just generating the content that other people are going to enjoy. However, remember, unless you're fortunate enough to do this as a whole time job, this is actually entertainment for not only your viewers, this is also entertainment for yourself. So sometimes letting go, even if it might seem childish or petty or outside your comfort zone, flex your creative muscles. Also, flex your personality. Flex who you are. Let other people see another side of you, even if it's just a one-off.  Coming this summer, this is Anthony Smith, the most epic Anthony Smith ever devised by science.  Sometimes just filming and seeing what happens can be the best thing that you can do.  As long as you are having fun, just record it. Find out if it's usable. Sometimes it's usable. Sometimes it's not. You will never know unless you try. There are those people who will tell you to never stray from whatever vertical that you find yourself in, whether it be gaming or vlogging or politics or whatever. But I have to tell you right now, those people, they have a point and sometimes it's very irrelevant. However, other times it really depends on whether you're entertaining yourself or the audience or both. Are they there just for gameplay or are they there to subscribe to you? You have to say that. Are they there just for your vlogs or would they also like to see a short film? Are they there for your political commentary or would they possibly put up with a short skit or maybe just a random rage vlog? Sometimes doing something just because can actually ignite a passion within yourself. You didn't even know it was there or put you back on task so that you can continue working the way you were working previously. I am the Prince of Spain.   I am awesome. Spain doesn't have a prince. Ah yes, well good sir. While you were questioning my identity, I was stealing your phone. Of course, there are extremes to just about anything.  This advice doesn't necessarily mean that you should start a new series or do a one-off video. Sometimes it can be as much as just trying a new gag or a new skit or a new bit. Maybe just trying something you normally wouldn't just to keep the creative juices flowing and having fun. Cause that's what we're all here to do, right? Here kids today don't even know what Fern is.  Who was I saying? I hope this video has been helpful for you. I hope it's given you something to think about. I hope maybe you cracked a smile during this. If you did, let us know in the comments section down below. We're looking for the word smile in all caps. So let us know I'll be tracking it with a heartbeat extension just to see how many people I made smile. Till next time, I'm Anthony with Freedom. Like, subscribe, comment please. And click the other videos like How Do I Leave Freedom to learn more? Click Get More Views to learn how to build your audience faster on YouTube. Click Get More CPM to learn how to make more money from your channel. And click Get More Music to learn where to get more music to spice up your videos. Click the first playlist to watch The George Show on Freedom. That's my show. Or watch The Anthony Show or The Alex Show also on Freedom.