Okay, there are lots of different ways to think about this and different ways to present it I think this is like the third iteration of Presenting this material and each time I've taken a different approach I think this one is the easiest to get your head around but other people may think differently. So if you want to find a different Presentation you could just go look at any of my talks or any of David Harvey's talks You can probably find two or three different ways of expressing the same idea But the key point is the algorithm is very it's very simple You're building two trees and then you're taking a vector and you're reducing it down You think of it as you're reducing it down the tree, but you're taking slightly different actions at the left and the right child That's what makes it different from the multi-point evaluation algorithm we talked about at the beginning where it was completely uniform. It did the same thing everywhere All right So how long does this take? That's that's that's 64 thousand dollar question Well our initial matrices at the leaves the m sub k's No other three by three matrix matrices with integer entries We can ignore the coefficients of f I mean maybe the coefficients of f are huge But we're going to express our complexity bounds in terms of n and as n is marching off to infinity f is staying right where it is So in terms as a as a in terms of a complexity expression in terms of n all the coefficients of f are o of one What is increasing in these matrices is k k is running up to n so k is getting bigger So each of the matrix entries have have o of log n bits and So do the moduli because we're going to be reducing modulo n or modulo k's And so the total size of all the matrices we have at the bottom of our initial tree is n log n bits We have n matrices we have log n size entries and the matrices are fixed size They're three by three. So there's no there. That's just a constant factor. So it's all then log n bits To multiply to multiply all the pair of those things up multiplication has complexity m of n log n So we're doomed to gain another log factor So we're plugging in an n log n into an n log n and so we end up with an n log squared n And that's just to get to the next one layer up in the tree to do it all the way to the top of the tree There's log n layers in the tree We're going to end up spending o of n log cubed n time to compute just to compute the product trees But the good news is what by the time we've done that we're halfway done because the time spent reducing down the trees is no worse Then the time it's spent computing the product trees So this gives a complexity bound of n log cubed n using n log squared n space Which is quasi linear and n Which means that if we think about how much time are we spending if we now think of our word think about the primes p up To n how many are there there's n over log n of them So if we average out the total time across all the primes p up to n We're only spending something like log p to the fourth time on each prime Okay, which is dramatically faster than any of the algorithms we've seen so far right At least asymptotically But of course you can't just pick your favorite prime you got to get it You know, it's it's it's a bulk purchase You're buying the Haas invariance for all the primes up to n you can't just pick your favorite one Okay, but when you do that you get a very efficient algorithm And this is not so different from the factor is a the factorization said that you implemented on the first day Give you an average polynomial time algorithm much an average polynomial time an average quasi linear time algorithm for factoring integers And we don't even know a randomized probabilistic algorithm that can factor integers even in quasi polynomial time All of the best known algorithms are sub exponential and you on your first day here You probably know more than 10 lines of code wrote an average quasi linear time algorithm for factoring integers Of course, you have to factor all the integers up to a given bound You can't pick your favorite integer and factor it so it has limited use And this is somewhat true here with this average polynomial time algorithm for elliptic curves in practice We don't use this algorithm because the range the practical range of n the biggest We could sort of feasibly make n was maybe like I don't know 2 to the 50 to the 60 at some point We're just gonna run out of memory or run out of computers on the earth to run this algorithm on and in that range Running mestres algorithm on each individual Elliptic curve would still be faster And you might say how could that possibly be true? Or just to do a rough back of the envelope sketch Let's suppose we have a prime p that's on the order of 2 to the 64th The complexity of Mestrix algorithm ignoring the log factors is something like p to the 1 fourth 2 to the 64 to the 1 4th power is 2 to the 16 And even if we throw in the log factors, I guess there was a log squared in there That would multiply it by 36. So it'd be something like 36 times 2 to the 16 This algorithm would be log p to the fourth So if it's p is 2 to the 64 log p is 64, which is 2 to the 6 and I raise that to the fourth power I get 2 to the 24th and 2 to the 24th is bigger than 36 times 2 to the 16 And that's assuming the constant factors are equal, but in fact the constant factors favor Mestrix algorithm So in practice, we don't use this algorithm for elliptic curves even for computing L functions of elliptic curves with very large conductor But as soon as you go up one genus at genus 2 already This is this algorithm wins when p is around 2 to the 16 and when gene and in genus 3 it sort of wins from the get-go Okay You have to do very many point counts before you'd be you'd prefer to do this algorithm in a situation where you want to compute Count points module all the primes up to a given bound N And I'll just close by mentioning that You can improve the space you can gain a log squared N factor in the space complexity And that's quite important in practice because what limits this algorithm is you run out of memory not time And you do that by implementing what's known as a remainder forest And so this this matrix V that I mentioned that was coming into our product tree I said we could optionally multiply that matrix V times all the matrices in the product tree And the reason you might want to do that is in a remainder force rather than building one big tree You actually build something like log N squared of them and at each one you need to pass information that encodes You know V times the product of all the matrices to the left from the preceding tree And you do that by taking your matrix your vector V and multiplying it by the matrix at the top And that's your input V to the next tree in the chain And so you sort of have this V jumping along the tree tops you have log P log N squared trees and This doesn't change the time complexity it improves the constant factors a little But it improves the space complexity by log N squared And so I'm realizing I'm I'm close to out of time. So let me just Wrap up with just presenting the algorithm and maybe what I'll do is at is invite you on your own to go take a look at the implementation But it's not complicated the implementation of this average polynomial time algorithm is really about the same length as the O of P To the one-half time algorithm using polynomial evaluation interpolation And I've implanted I've given you a full implementation of not just a single remainder tree But it actually does implement the remainder forests. So and you'll see that the Practical performance is actually quite good. So maybe what I'll do is just scroll down to the end here where you can see I took some timings So using the the remainder forest algorithm it took about 80 seconds to Count points on the elliptic curve 11a1 mod P for every prime except 11 and up to 2 to the 20th I did the same thing using mistress algorithm and It took about 34 seconds. So it was still ahead And if I use the built-in Implementation of mistress algorithm that's available in magma and also in sage it would be much smaller It would be smaller than 34 seconds. It would probably be something more like 10 seconds so still not winning but I was actually impressed that This implementation came that close. It's not inconceivable to me that if you push it a bit farther it would get even closer All right, I better stop there You


You tube team keep it clean. I have no idea what happened. I don't I don't know. I don't know what happened, but The whole thing just froze on me and I mean we're back now I see a lot of people left because of that free seat. That's why you too man. You to be messing me up But I mean it's all good. It happens man technical difficulties. They happen is what it is Let me see All right, so y'all back with us. Are we back up y'all can see me? Okay. We back. We back. We back. Sorry about that, man I Forgot what we were talking about I forgot what we were talking about. Oh, but what I was saying of these these two teams They are for real. They're for real They're for real both of these teams are for real There's no denying that at all Both of these teams they hung Some people there were some people that thought this was gonna be a blowout that the Saints were gonna win in a blowout and That obviously didn't happen, but this this show that the Ravens. Yeah, they gave up 24 points to the Saints But that defense is still real man. That defense is still real. It's still real It's it is still real for for us to Because Drew Breed one of the best in the game One of the best in the game And some people even consider him the best but for us to hold him like we held him I know they got 24 points, but up for us to hold him like we held him That says a lot man It says a lot. Oh man, you're right there behind the field goal post by the ones that he already missed it in front of Hmm. It says a lot though the defense did in the offense the offense While all everybody could have played better the Ravens offense the Ravens defense Wow they What a game What a game But the defense they could have made a few more plays an offense short could have made a few more plays too, man Yeah, I think a lot of us had that same weird feeling too. Oh Yeah, hey Michael black. Hey, if you're gonna do it man. Do your thing man. Do your thing. Oh Yeah, Anthony that happened to all of us man. Oh, yeah, what's up Bradley Bozeman?  They said he was cramping up I think he says I think they said his hamstring was cramping up. They need to they need to Yeah, he he needs he needs something He needs a he needs a banana and to drink some Gatorade too But yeah, this game whoo this game was crazy It's crazy It's crazy, but that's that's life as an NFL fan man. It's gonna happen Yeah, that 10-point lead did it went away just like that it went away just like that Had a huge lead went away just like that Just like Exactly man. Devon Bush. You're right. We can hang with the dog Saints is a team that a lot of people viewed as yet. They're real. They're for real Well, some of us like no, I wouldn't even say the defense got exposed They boast They're not they ain't get exposed How did they get exposed? But by holding the one of the best quarterbacks in the game to 24 points What are the I think what are you though two touchdowns did he throw three? No, he only threw two because Alvin Kamara one ran one and they got a field goal.  Yeah, Jimmy Smith missed the sack too. I forgot about that man Yeah, big takeaway from the games that we hung in there with one of the top teams in the league can't be mad at that You're right J. Frank. You're right You're right. Oh, he said TJ got cooked by a third string right there. Yeah, TJ was getting done in a lot of parts of this game I know that was the does the teeth. That was the Tony Jefferson that a lot of us get frustrated with cuz he's he can't cover Yeah, we did almost tired man. We were right there. We're right there The bad thing about the miss sack is that breeze didn't move. Oh Oh Man, yeah, the ending was super surprising man, we were all shot and shook and just said man Let's say it mad at offense played well on only two ended first half drives. Ah Because what do we have we got 23 points shout out to John Brown real quick shout out to John Brown, man Yeah, Tyson Hill is nice. I like him Shout out to John Brown. He And Flacco too they had put up a real quick and we about to get off of here Real quick, they they put up a statistic about flag of game winning drives in overtime or fourth quarter They were like, oh, he got 19 of them. I like that's it But um, they were like he got 19 of them in the last one that he got was back against the Jaguars in like 2016 And I was thinking hold up The last one that he really got was two weeks ago against the Browns, but Crabtree just dropped it That was the real last one that he got But I say it's all good, man And in this one he got he got the game winning drive But yeah, man, they kick So anyway, you know, we're gonna talk about this game throughout the week and hold up all the Panthers on a bye week Real quick before we get off of here are the Panthers on a bye week Because I don't think they played today, right? I don't remember them playing today They're not on a bye week. Who do they play? Oh They beat the Eagles. Okay, cuz I really I wasn't watching many games today Okay, appreciate that cuz I was like man all the Panthers on a bye week So because they they gave us the Saints after bye week and the Panthers after that by week I was thinking like hold up. Wait a minute now, but okay. Appreciate y'all man. Appreciate y'all Anyway I'm tired, man I'm tired any young did his thing, man Say more real quick just to we gonna talk about CJ Mosey more in depth, but CJ Mosey just he I Don't know CJ Mosey just he's now looks explosive. Y'all know what I'm saying Like there were times when CJ Mosey will he would stand up like he was about to blitz But you just knew that He wasn't get there man. It's weird It's weird CJ Mosey is not when he blitzes he um He just it doesn't even look believable. He didn't make it back there CJ CJ Mosey never gets back there when he blitzes.  Um, I Don't know man, but we're gonna talk though, man to be fair only sucks and Jimmy Smith got there No, but CJ Mosey really never gets there. He never gets there. Yeah, I think he's still hurt So he got to still be hurt a lot of more clam Crabtree a lot of more had a pretty good game Could the Raven steal his game get flexed? It could right now. It's at one o'clock. I thought I was at four o'clock, but it's at one o'clock But hey, you can go if you don't want to keep it clean. Hey, do your thing, but just not on here I don't see a deal for CJ, but it's the Raven so you never know. Yeah I don't remember the last CJ Mosey sack either, but what I'm saying He just he just does not CJ Mosey doesn't look explosive, man He doesn't look like he got a real burst. You know that Kenny young burst CJ Mosey don't got that man We're gonna talk about that though, man. Anyway Team keep it clean.  Appreciate y'all coming through. Thank y'all for coming through. We got Panthers next week Wow, what a game this was love y'all


This is stock number 8J210A. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, your new and used Jeep headquarters. Today we are checking out this super clean like new 2018 Jeep Renegade. This vehicle has the 2.4 liter four-cylinder motor which pumps out 180 horsepower. Paint Manning's favorite Jeep right here Omaha Orange is the color and from this HD video you will be able to tell just how clean this Jeep is all the way around. We shoot these videos in 1080p so if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device turn on right now because it's like you're right here looking at the vehicle with me. This video comes with Goodyear Eagle Sport 225 55 R18 tires and you get the gloss black 18 inch painted alloy rims part of the altitude package. Tires are like new on here very low miles on this Jeep. I think it only has around 5,000 but we'll check that out as soon as we get inside. It has the factory fog lights. The altitude package also gives you the gloss black Jeep lettering on the hood as well as the gloss black grille outlines and fog light bezels right there. No dense or dings on the hood very clean. Passengers side fender is in excellent shape as well. Passengers side rim no scuffs no scrapes on that and as you go down this side of the vehicle you can see just how clean the body is how reflective and mirror like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle you can still see the vehicle hear the vehicle and have confidence in what you're looking at before you even get here. Very clean on this side back rim is in excellent condition as well no scuffs or scrapes on that. Four-wheel disc brakes on the renegades which I really like. Back tire is just as much tread as the fronts and it does have the capless fuel fill which is a really nice feature. Now we're going to get gas on your hands again. As we come around to the back you'll notice that you have the lower bumper bezel that's gloss black as well as the 4x4 lettering and the Jeep lettering on the back as far as the condition of the vehicle and back here. No dents, dings, scrapes or scuffs on that rear bumper or the rear gate. Very very clean. Back storage area is very clean as well. It does have a even deeper storage area and you can take this board and actually put it down farther if you want a harder surface and it does have the tire inflator kit underneath there. Those seats do fold down for extra storage which we'll check out in just a little bit. I don't know if you can see the Sasquatch there but he's walking on the hill. It's in the glass. You can see it better from the inside but anyways as we come around to this side of the vehicle no dents no dings on that rear quarter and this back rim for full disclosure is in excellent condition as well. Driver's side doors excellent shape has the built-in directional signals and the power mirrors enter and go system.  There are no rips, there are no tears on the seats. This vehicle's never been smoked in. Side current airbags, power seat, lumbar, cold weather groups so you get the all-weather floor mats, power windows, power locks and power mirrors.  Inside here the instrument cluster you can see that this vehicle has 5853 miles. It has an outside temperature display as well as a digital speedometer. Instrument cluster is very nice and clean. It comes with a heated leather wrapped steering wheel, cruise controls on the right, Bluetooth and information center controls on the left. This vehicle comes with the 7-inch touchscreen radio. You got your heated seats and heated steering wheel buttons, AM, FM and Sirius XM radio capabilities. It does have a backup camera right there. Dual climbing control has the auto snow sand and mud four-wheel drive lock as well and then it does have the keyless entry with factory remote start. You have the Augs and USB jack right there. All-weather floor mat on that side, passenger seat, no rips or tears on that and that brings us to the Vista Roof, the dual pane glass roof here. So this front piece is actually a sunroof that slides and then the rest is actually opens up pretty far and then there's also a sunshade that goes over that as well. It'll take a quick look at the back seats and then check out under the hood. Back seats are just as clean as the front seats. No rips, no tears back here. It does have the latch child safety system, factory all-weather floor mats back here as well.  We'll take a quick look under the hood. I'd personally like to thank you for checking out the video today. Hopefully from this HD video you will have been able to tell just how clean this Jeep is all the way around so you can make a smart buying decision. Under the hood we have the 2.4 liter multi-air motor. Engine base very clean, runs very smooth, 180 horsepower. This vehicle has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop, has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. The vehicle has been gone through mechanically 100% and is 100% ready to go just for you. And to see more pictures of this Jeep or one of other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, wranglers, you name it we got it go to our website www.summitauto.com. We got all of our inventory from two different locations there and if you want to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summit auto remember to like, subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there in fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left. A link to more used inventory videos like this one on your right if you have not been to our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website click those check us out and we really look forward to helping with this super clean 2018 Jeep Renegade Altitude Latitude. Thanks again.


Thank you so much. Do you want to introduce yourself and then we're really excited around the next 20 minutes speaking to you. So thank you so much for your time. So as you know, over the last nine months we have been very privileged to have some really great customers to come and spend some time with us. And I think just like we're trying to raise the bar internally, we're now raising the bar with our customers as well. So I think this is a PB for a customer that spent some time with us. So Audrey, thank you so much. We obviously want to learn around your challenges within the Taiwan government. We'd love to know why and your experiences so far with Cloudflare. And also we'd love to understand some of the trends and that you're seeing and you're leveraging both within the Taiwan market, the Greater China market, the Asia Pacific, Japan market and then obviously more globally. So just to sort of introduce you properly, our guest Audrey has held various leadership positions across the public, private and social sectors. Audrey is currently Taiwan's digital minister for social innovation and has been instrumental in Taiwan's digital and technological transformation. Has been advocate for Cloudflare across multiple government agencies in Taiwan. And again, it's my great pleasure to introduce Mr. Audrey Chang. So thank you for the time today. So with that, why don't you tell us about your professional journey? As I said, you've touched private, public and social sectors. We'd love to understand how you got started and how you got to your current role today, please. Sure. We literally invited ourselves in when we occupied the parliament in 2014 and that's the sunflower movement. The students at a time half a million people on the street and many more online occupy the parliament to deliberate, not to protest, to deliberate how the trade deal and how, for example, including the PRC components in our then new 4G infrastructure would be a good idea or not, a conversation that everybody else is having now. So my role in that movement is making sure that the clarifications and what's really going on spreads faster than rumor. And that was actually the year the live streaming really took off, right? So we set up multiple live streaming relating hubs, then a graph us, making sure that everything is translated into multiple languages, written captions, a assisted intelligence that helps people to type in their company name or company serial number and find out exactly how the trade deal will affect them and things like that. So probably speaking civic tech and we discovered that with these assistive tools, instead of many other occupy, which goes nowhere in Taiwan's case in three weeks, it goes to a rough, good enough consensus, which then was ratified by the parliament. So it was a successful occupy. So end of 2014, all the mayor candidate that supported open government gets elected sometimes surprisingly and the people who didn't were didn't. So I was invited to the cabinet as kind of a reverse mentor to the cabinet at a time after two years of kind of internship, I guess, promoted to a full sign. Awesome. Cool. Sorry. Thank you. Amazing sort of things you've been able to achieve in such a short time as well. So that that's great context of where you've come from and what you're doing today. Can you share with us your vision moving forward with the public digital innovation space and what makes Taiwan unique in terms of its approach to digital innovation? Yeah, for example, during the pandemic, which we countered with no lockdown and info damage, which we counter with no takedown, the response had not been anything that's like a, you know, shut down lockdown kind of way, but rather something that comes from the social sector. Taiwan is unique in having the same generation of people that's my generation having the first experience to the world in 96 and also the first presidential election in 96. So our democracy kind of grew with the internet and that results in people who care about democracy deeply. Instead of democracy, just as a ritual, people invented new ways to increase the bit rate of democracy, not just through this every four years, every person is promoting, but rather presidential hackathon, the gov zero community G zero V, the participatory mechanisms on deliberative democracy, including participatory budgeting and things like that. So during the pandemic, all our three major systems, the masquerading system, the contact tracing QR code based checking system and our vaccination reservation system are all co-created actually from the social sector is the civic tech people prototyping these services, forking the government as a call to action of zero. And then we just merging them back in into the mainstream government. So it's kind of procurement in reverse, right? They have this back and we implement this back. Very cool. Very cool. And you sort of touched on my next question, which was three approaches that you did take, but if you did have a magic wand, is there anything you could have done better during the pandemic with your digital strategy or I suppose based on some of the bills you've been able to do, you're really happy with how you've been able to managing the rollout across Taiwan? Definitely. I think that the one thing that we did not get right was the kind of vaccine nation willingness. When I myself got vaccinated in April, I tried to convince my colleague and my family and none of them want to get vaccinated. They're like, there's zero COVID cases for the past 10 months, we don't need to get vaccines for anything. I said, I was kind of weird at the time. And of course that the result is that when we actually do need vaccines in June and July and so on, it created this huge spike of demand that we could have spread out in multiple months, and which is what brings me to project fair shot and awaiting technologies. So I guess we could have done better in like February or March or something to try to promote better the vaccination and just to work on a more exciting vaccination reservation system actually gets the entire society talking. So if we partner with Cloudflare soon, I guess it will help the vaccination rate. Well, that's great to hear and it's a nice segue to my next question as well. And obviously the spike was something that we collectively had to overcome. So I mean that's probably one challenge. But what other challenges have you faced working with Cloudflare and how do you overcome those challenges? And what are the benefits you're also seeing after implementing such solutions? Yeah, I'll be very candid. The first challenge is that when the project fair shot first got deployed in Taiwan in the 1922 vaccine reservation system, people saw on the error page that the traffic is going to Singapore. The data flow with trust concept is particularly true when it comes to medical and health information, of course. And I would like to express my gratitude to the Cloudflare team, which configure kind of a kind of major ultra topology that handles both this flagging traffic and also making sure that it doesn't root through, say, the Hong Kong data center. Great to hear. And again, thank you for your patience there. I know there was some delicate times, but you know, it's great that we're on a rally and get you that capacity and after some of the sort of data requests that you had. Just taking it up a little bit, if we think more broadly around sort of Taiwan's digital strategy and we're thinking more around, I suppose, cloud as a sort of a shift. Within the Taiwan economy, what's the broad sort of adoption of cloud? I'm assuming it varies between relevant industries. Is it sort of the new normal or are there still sort of old school enterprises that are still thinking hardware on-premise is still the way to go? Well, Taiwan has a very vibrant social sector based on the free software and open source and Libre. Actually, I just got an email from Richard Stallman this morning and he used the term, which is the Mandarin for Libre and free as in freedom. So he's very aware that we've got a very active communities here committed to those ideas. So Taiwan has been, I think, one of, if not the most active research center, for example, with the Ethereum Foundation and of the Web 3, like decentralized Web stuff. And a lot of Taiwanese startups kind of assumes this idea of bringing code to data, to personal data, data sovereignty, data dignity stuff and start to make it their business model. So I think our kind of very liberal regulatory landscape when it comes to crypto as well as a very vibrant social sector that commits on the software freedom and data dignity principles made such startups possible at all. And I'm really happy to see that Cloudflare being kind of a redescentralization centralized ally is offering some help in creating IPFS gateways and so on as well. I personally know many startups that commits their work on IPFS. Awesome. Yes, we definitely do like the decentralized edge approach. So that's great to hear. What about some other recent initiatives that the government's helping drive around technology? How are you, I suppose, coaxing or encouraging the private sector to be a little bit more innovative to that sort of innovation spirit within Taiwan? Yeah. And we're talking about, say, the famous night market like bubble tea selling stunts who traditionally trust anything that's not just on premise but containing a machine to use cloud technology, not just for POS but also for customer relation management and things like that. So to that end, we have a T-Cloud website for Taiwan Cloud. And also we have a T-Ambassador website. So these two end of us basically says, okay, if you're a bubble tea selling night market stunt, you can just use your personal phone number to register to try any of the cloud solutions. And the state will subsidize 80% of it up to, I think, more than a thousand US dollars, actually, which is a non-trivial amount for them to take a first try. And also if the entire night market community want to digitally transform the way that they work, for example, with taxi fleets during the height of our real only first wave to deliver, transform to a delivery to home service, then we have people freshly graduated from undergrad and studied with design thinking and computational thinking as a way to try to transform with the entire community. So it's kind of ambassadorship. It's just exactly like my role, reverse mentoring the Taiwanese cabinet in 2014, not really to take over. I'm too young to take over the cabinet positions, but really to just to make them feel differently when it comes to digital transformation, that actually it's easy to do, it reduce the risk and it's also safer. Awesome. I've got two last questions. I want to leave some questions for you to ask the cloud player team. We've got at least north 250 people in this session today. Firstly, how has the government dealt with road working during the pandemic? With what? How has the government, the Taiwan government, dealt with remote working during the pandemic? Well, the thing is that we've never locked down. So I always, yeah, which is why I reordered the question to last because, yeah, we're prepared for remote work and I'm a teleworking minister. As you can see, I'm not in the cabinet office. I only visit the cabinet office Monday and Thursday, but I never stopped visiting the cabinet office Monday and Thursday either during May and June. So I think Taiwan is really quite exceptional in this. We make a lot of equipments and online platform and so on for telework, but for our public sector and also most of our private sector in manufacturing, we did not really experience telework in the past couple of years. Perfect. Okay, then one last question for me, Audrey. So in your current role, as I said, you've seen the terms of overall transformative cloud adoption in Taiwan. How have you seen it relate to cyber security? Yeah, and in Taiwan, we've got this National Centre for High Speed Computation or NCHC and we're basically pushing out this idea that PET, Privacy Enhancing Technology, it could be one of our exports. So we work very hard on homomorphic encryption differential privacy, federated learning, split learning and various technologies. The idea is that if we want to upload everything to cloud player workers, for example, storing as durable objects, it will be all encrypted during the computation and only the person actually receiving the message, the person who kind of own their own personal data and interpersonal data with the community can decrypt the results. So if cloud player has experience working on these, not just encrypted at rest, but also encrypted during computation, ways of computation, then we're really happy to talk. I think we're the natural allies. Most of our contact tracing system is based on this secure multi-party configuration, which made it one of the actually working contact tracing system that doesn't aggregate data anywhere. Let us take that challenge and come back to you very quickly. Last question for me, and I'd love you to ask us or give us some insights. Is there anything we can be doing better? How can we improve? And I suppose is there any asks of cloud player? Well, so as you probably know, we're evaluating to bring a lot of our backend code to the workers platform. And at this moment, I guess, because it's all in legacy languages, such as, again, early legacy, industrial languages, such as Java or .NET, currently, it's not in Rust or anything that's natively WebAssembly. So that torching, I guess, is preventing most of our backend to worker migration. And that's something we can work on together. Awesome. Well, Audrey, thank you so much. It's not often you get to interview a digital minister of a very important country within this region. It's not often that someone can go so deep as well and understand some of our products and how it's enabling your country in a really important time. So we really appreciate your insights, really appreciate the opportunity to talk. And we really appreciate the partnership so far. Hopefully, we're just going to start it and continue for Rust and doing great things moving forward. So thank you so much for your time today. Thank you. Live flowing and prosper, everyone. Bye. Thank you, Audrey.


I hope climate change and its impact in the wider sense on low and middle-income countries will come up and I say that in the broader sense because countries like my own and our region are currently experiencing not only the direct and indirect consequences of climate change but also those consequences in the wake of multiple prices, poly prices, climate change along with conflict, along with the whole issue of cost of living, economic downturn and also the post-pandemic realities of vulnerabilities and risks within health systems.


Thank you all for being here. Thank you MSF London for organizing this event. My name is Joanna Luce. I work for MSF in Brussels. I have a background in statistics and geographic information systems. I would like to mention my co-author Ansa Chaud who also works for MSF and is a student in International Humanitarian Law. In the following nine minutes I will briefly describe some of the challenges we faced with estimating populations under-seaged in specific areas around the capital city of Syria, Damascus, and go over a number of the solutions we developed for defining siege and providing rough population estimates for these areas. For those who are not yet aware of the situation, Syria has been has been at war for the past five years causing tremendous suffering and massive displacement of the population. The targeting of medical assistance and the besiegement of civilian populations have been characteristic of a conflict with little regard for rules. In this insecure and politicized context, direct humanitarian assistance to victims has been highly restricted limiting most MSF operations to support or remote programs in the country. MSF currently supports a number of medical facilities in besieged areas but doesn't have staff working directly in these areas. A particular challenge of this type of support model is the inability to rely on direct human experience and the problem of depending on various sources of information. For MSF this has led to some complications regarding the estimation of populations under siege. According to the United Nations there would be under 500,000 people under siege in Syria whereas other sources including stakeholders working with MSF in besieged areas count up to 3 million people. For organizational and advocacy purposes this alarming difference had to be verified but it had to be done rapidly with minimal data collection, minimal resources and limited contact with the field. To verify these numbers we set two distinct objectives. The first to define siege and the second to estimate populations. We narrowed our focus down to the most contested areas around the capital city of Damascus and we input a number of existing research methods to respond with flexibility to the needs of the project. I don't know why this is, sorry, there seems to be a problem. A siege is a method of war in which there is a military encirclement of an area. In Syria the siegement is also characterized by the restriction of humanitarian assistance to these areas and the containment of civilian populations. The concept definition is rather straightforward but actually defining areas under siege in Syria isn't so easy. We found that the UN's framework based on 17 conditions for classifying areas under siege was too restrictive for documenting realities on the ground. For example, according to the UN's framework, minor inflows of commercial goods in areas that were otherwise entirely besieged were automatically disqualified from the UN's official list. This resulted in awkward geographies of siege as illustrated by Heze, the green area on the screen, an area not listed as besieged by the UN but entirely surrounded by areas besieged. This type of problem wasn't unique to the UN. A common challenge we faced when defining siege was dealing with fuzzy or indeterminate geographies as illustrated by the differently colored polygons on the left of the screen. We dealt with this problem by calculating spatial averages and focusing in on core areas of besiegement where there was a greater concentration of the population as indicated by the presence of settlements he or she didn't block. In our approach to defining besieged areas we decided to simply adjust the more problematic aspects of the UN's framework and collect our own data. We sent a survey structured around indicators of siege that were to be graded on a liquid scale by respondents in besieged areas over a period of one month. We gave respondents the choice of completing the survey online or offline through mobile devices or on paper as they felt safest and most comfortable. We also included maps in the surveys so that respondents could draw in additional information if they wished to do so. With this data collected it was possible to calculate a siege score from 0 to 1 and from this siege score it was possible to identify broad zones around the capital city of Damascus that had various severities of siege and distinct dynamics. In our final analysis we found that the vast majority of areas where we were providing medical support were in fact severely besieged with high levels of restriction and destruction. Once the areas under siege had been identified we compared population estimates of different datasets for similarly sized communities. As illustrated in the box spot on the screen the average estimate for similarly sized communities was actually similar across all datasets at about 20,000 people per community. Only two communities seemed to have disproportionate population estimates in the dataset of other sources which weighed heavily on the overall estimate of 3 million people under siege. For one specific example the besieged population was estimated at around 700,000 people for an area that contained about 50,000 people before the crisis. Such an increase in this area would imply record-breaking densities of over 100,000 people per square kilometer. To verify the plausibility of this particular estimate we used a method for rapid population estimates. First we defined the geographic area as I discussed earlier in the presentation. In this specific case the average surface area was 4.6 square kilometers. Second we counted the number of structures in the area by using digitalized maps based on satellite imagery provided by missing maps and MSF GIS units in Geneva. And we paid particular attention to the presence of camp-like or slum-like structures in addition to multi-story complex and simple buildings. Third we determined the number of households per structure based on surveys completed by focal points in these areas and photo documentation when possible. Note on the screen that we broke down the building structures in four different types according to the typical number of households. Fourth we determined the number of people per household by asking doctors to question patients on the number of people they lived with and the type of structures they lived in. And finally we calculated the rough population estimates and mapped the densities for the specific areas based on the assumption of maximum occupancy rates. This exercise allowed us to discard the outstanding population estimate of 700,000 people and replace it by more plausible although rough estimates of 250,000 people. Overall this project allowed us to more accurately define siege and estimate populations under siege. We were able to determine that there was likely somewhere between 1 and 1.5 million people under siege in Syria. In the midst of a highly politicized debate we were able to make clear arguments and influence stakeholders as illustrated by the press release on the screen. We were able to demonstrate the relevance of using mixed and flexible methodologies for supporting operations in complex and insecure environments. Unfortunately we were unable to review population estimates for all besieged areas in Syria and much of the data collected was limited and not based on random sampling. Over the coming months we will continue to collect small data by providing training to local organizations so they can take the lead in collecting demographic data in besieged areas. And we will start a new project that looks into bigger data by turning towards social media monitoring to support our work in Syria. Thank you very much for your attention.


You too team keep it clean. What's going on? It's engraving here with another video and in this video This is gonna be a quick one I just wanted to go over the the last little bit of Roster moves that the Ravens make then I want to go play some mud on Xbox one You want to play me on Xbox one in Madden 18 my game of tag is engraving ing ravn, but anyway I just wanted to go over the last last bit of a roster moves that the Ravens made Not really any surprises except for one now that I think about it except for one but anyway There you go. Meach say Quincy was overhyped in camp. Yeah, he didn't really do anything He didn't really do anything in preseason So anyway, they just put out a list with their last set of set of moves Let me just go over that now. Oh first before I go over that. Let me introduce myself me I'm engraving vids. This is my YouTube channel engraving vids and I'm a Ravens fan But I'm just a fan of the game of football. So we're gonna Man, you threw me off when you wrote that me. She said you being rude my fault. I am I am But we talked about all 32 NFL teams on this YouTube channel So if you were fan of Ravens, make sure you subscribe or if you're fan of just any NFL team period Make sure you subscribe man. Appreciate you What's up, boss neck now? Let me just read off the list. I know y'all saw the list on Twitter You have to have seen it by now or it came out a couple minutes ago Some of the people they cut Quincy out of Boyle Chris Matthews Ryan Mallick the Titan. Well, first, let's start at receiver Quincy out of Boyle and Chris Matthews Chris Matthews didn't really get any hype During the preseason or OTAs, but out of Boyle did and Tim White did Both of them got big-time hype. It was a lot of talk about them But then during the preseason, they didn't really do anything that stood out Tim White was somebody that a lot of people also took talked about and but during the preseason He had that nice punt return. He also had He also had a the touchdown where was it from Woodrum? I think it was from from Josh Woodrum Who also got cut today, which we've been talking about for like the longest. We knew it was coming But this just it just got confirmed today. Ricky Ortiz. He didn't make the list at fullback And neither did Lorenzo Tala Fierro. So it looks like yeah, Riccardo is gonna be our fullback The defensive tackle the guy plays both ways Jalen Hill, of course, he made the roster which we all we Expected that and if that wouldn't have happened and we would have I don't know what we would have done But I'm glad we don't have to do it because he made the roster Yeah, Tala Fierro got cut a couple yesterday yesterday. They were yesterday. He got cut yesterday To come as ill he was not really a surprise He was like He was somebody that just wasn't a hundred percent sure because I knew Danny Woodhead He was out because he was injured injured with his hamstring. What should I say? He was out No, Tim White didn't get cut. He's on injured reserve But to come as ill With tears west being the starter the backup was gonna be Danny Woodhead. He was gonna be our second guy But he had been out he had been He had been hurt So then we had West To come as ill Bobby Randy was in there. I knew he wasn't making a team from the beginning Um Who else do we have it? Oh buck Allen? Oh, and this says buck Allen actually made a team This dude keeps shocking me like two years straight two years straight He's been making a team and I've been thinking he's gonna get cut what he keeps on doing it to come as ill It's kind of it's like sort of a shocker, but at the same time, it's not a shock. It's not a surprise I get him him not being over buck Allen Even the buck Allen he looked the best that he's looked in a couple years. He looked good during the preseason especially in the first couple games and I don't know to come as ill is a tricky one. That was a tricky one. Maybe he'll make the practice squad I don't know Kenan Reynolds should not have made it He didn't do anything to show that he deserved the roster spot and I'm not saying that he um I'm not saying I wish anybody wouldn't make a team or whatever don't deserve a job But he didn't show anything that made him stand out I did see Ross cockroach giants. Oh, is that the stealers cornerback?  I did the other day So we'll see Um, ain't great man. Yeah. Hey, oh, I appreciate that or title for title. Thank you all the way from spain, man Appreciate that man. What's up, teres? I like the video guy shows up boy. I appreciate that David. Thank you man people sleep on Reynolds Well, he didn't wake us up. So that's a big problem That's a big problem. Um, who else got cut? No, no, no surprises. I mean like like we said, Josh Woodrum When he was somebody that we knew was going to get cut that wasn't a surprise We knew that they were going to stick with mallet Ryan mallet through thick and thin And what really let us know that they were going to stick with Ryan mallet was after that very first game Um, where Ryan mallet looked he looked bad. He didn't look good at all And john hardball said he played winning football I mean, I feel like we knew already but when when he said that that should have just let us know. Hey Ravens fans We ain't getting rid of mallet and they they also get uh, Ida Boyle. They get cut uh, teres Um, and they also did give him a one million dollar bonus on in his contract. So yeah, they They weren't going to cut him. Um, somebody had asked me something. Let me see He needs to be on a practice quadruple. He needs to develop. Yeah, he doesn't need time to develop. Um Somebody asked something and I forgot let me scroll through the comment section right now Oh, mech said i'm surprised more beat out chris mathews. Yeah chris more That's something else too. They said it but even before preseason They said that they're top four receiver They said they said the top four was going to be macklin parryman wildest And then they said they went their fourth receiver to be chris more. They said that last I mean not the last year They said that before preseason even started And I was thinking Okay, I mean He Who knows a dude He lived in drop city last year. Um, he was the resident. I think he might have even been Maybe the mayor of that city. Um Oh, yeah more move down to fifth. Well, yeah, even still with him With campanero, he can play Campanero can play. He's always hurt But he can play so they need to make sure they keep in keeping a receiver a return man They need to keep somebody on speed though because I like camp's game. The dude is a nice. He got some good hands Michael campanero does not drop. He is great after the catch He makes plays but in order to make plays you have to be on the field If you're not on the field, you can't do anything for the team straight up You can't do anything for the team Uh ny giants fan 2017 said is parryman a bus No, it's too early for that because he's only played what like This will really be his second year playing because last year I'm I'm just I'm excited for the time. We might have to wait till next year. But then with next year, we'll see what happens Um, I'll be excited for the time where parryman can have a full off season Of just a full off season of work because he's still in his third year. He hasn't had that yet He has not had a full off season last year. He missed all the all of the off season miss ota's miss all that good stuff And then he came back. I think he played like in the fourth preseason game and then he played the whole regular season This year Hey, they said he had a great otas. He got hurt Um, I think he got hurt before week one in the preseason. I forgot which which game in the preseason Which game before uh, which week in the preseason he got hurt, but he got hurt missed all the preseason Now he's back So this guy has not and then of course the first year We know what happened with that. He uh, came through they said, oh, yeah, he's looking like a first round draft pick He got hurt And then they said, oh, yeah, he's he's dealing with he's week to week He's week to week and that week to week turned into season to season So he missed the all of his all of his rookie year. So Hopefully next year Will be the first time that he actually gets a full off season Program he gets to do otas gets to do practice gets to do preseason gets to do everything Woodrum shouldn't have made it I mean if What he he shouldn't have made it based on the ravens and how they or hardball how he feels about mallet Based on his play He probably should have he gives you more of a spark at back up running back to mallet so far But hey, it is what it is man. What's up savage? Uh, and deandre said would Woodrum should have made the team I think he should have Actually said when he plays he is explosive a great deep threat. There was a game last year where he was tortured. You talking about parryman Um, and my mildew chris mathews did not make it. He didn't make it He didn't make it Did not make it Um, so yeah, that's that uh, there are no It's not any surprises here. It's not really any surprises um our receiving core small They're little guys, but We'll see how it goes man Be fine though. They'll be fine. Flacco did it with Steve Smith senior and toy Smith.  Um, but yeah, no surprises here. There's nobody like, oh my god I can't believe that guy got cut now. Some things are still uh, gonna be in action because Oh, yeah, something that um, I did see Jeff Zerbiak tweeted down. I saw Justin Boyd just brought it out too at the beginning of the stream We kept all of our defensive linemen We kept all of them so They may either just keep these guys Or They may be having something in the works that we don't know about yet. Yeah, they might trade one They probably will probably will because even though the roster is at 53 right now Things are gonna change because like they said Maurice Kennedy, he got to go to injury reserve. Um Marie, he said we just cut Josh Johnson. You can have him back now. That's all good.  He made the team Meach said maybe Jalen Hills are starting a nickel corner since Brandon Boykin went to IR I don't know. We'll see I know they liked the various web there and he had actually looked good the other night. Um, Sorry, I was looking for something but Do I like Matthews? He got potential. I feel like he just he hasn't been able to show his potential because he really hasn't had a shot Because there's so many people ahead of him Um, since there's so many people ahead of him, he just hasn't really got a chance to really do anything What's up, dusk? I didn't even know what Birkin Boykin was hurt to the day me neither Sometimes you just never know what Ravenson They sometimes they give out too much information and it's wrong or sometimes they just Hold back information and that'll be what what happens. He made a crazy catch versus Saints He made a nice one the other night versus Saints Go back to Seattle ball against the Patriots. Oh, yeah, that was him. That was him Who would have thought that that guy is the guy that's on our team now and it couldn't even make it I know Jalen Hill did not get cut. He did not and he will not get cut.  I forgot who the other person was now. My son is doing great. He's knocked out right now Um, Jalen Hill is our next to von young. Hey, hopefully hopefully he can be even better, man That'll be nice. That'll be really nice. Um, let me see Nobody no no surprises man. I'm just looking checking Uh, let me let me just check one more thing. There's always guys that they can cut to add players from other teams that will cut Maybe that's what they do with the d-line. Yeah, they may cut somebody from the d-line. They may trade somebody from the d-line It's all good, man So, yeah, it's not They're not done yet They're not oh, yeah, they kept kept band bradley who whose name fits his description perfectly that dude can hit like crazy um Who else? That's crazy That is crazy that Jalen hill is shielding price out of fourth and fifth corners So our top three corners brandon car jimmy smith and marlin humphrey And then after that Jalen hill is shielding price. That's crazy, man. That says a lot about those guys. They apparently love them. So hey, we'll see Ravens did do some trades.  Oh and vent smile. That was a surprise that he made it. But hey, it's it is what it is um Let me see. I'm just looking just looking and yeah No chakas Oh chakas Well, I've been hearing a lot of people think that legaria blunt's gonna get cut. I just I just can't see it I can't see it I don't know. I can't see that Um, he said mallard didn't get cut. No, he didn't get cut We know he wasn't gonna get cut though Should have kept quincey over mile Let's see, man We'll see The buck allen and talafiero get cut uh talafiero did buck allen did not surprisingly No fullback this year either. No, they said it is. I guess they're going with patrick record, man. He did his thing. So They I guess they like him at a position Yeah, I did see the stealers traded their cornerback To the giant. So we'll see how that works out. Chris, man. Nobody's on the practice squad yet They haven't put those people on there yet. I believe they do that tomorrow I believe either tomorrow, maybe later today Since four o'clock is the deadline for the active roster between today and tomorrow Who got cut from the running back court to qualm? A zeal got cut uh ricky ortiz lorenzo talafiero those guys got cut so That's it That's the ravens roster we Is set Uh not set in stone I'll take it back. So it's not set.  Did he not produce enough results? I feel like he didn't I feel like I didn't see much of him in the preseason Yeah, some guys It's tough for them in the preseason to really make an impact because they don't really have a Big opportunity to do that. Um, and he was one of those people that didn't have a big opportunity to do that so That's what that was Because I know he made some crazy catching like the first week But after that he just he just kind of fell off into the sunset Because he didn't really get that much of a shot and a lot of that goes on the quarterback play too If you playing with a quarterback that just can't get you to ball sometimes y'all don't y'all not in rhythm y'all not in sync It just it can work out for the worst for you. That's why I felt like um with mallet When ryan mallet was playing I said it a lot of times. Let's say man.   That's fine. Everybody got one It's just the people's that the people's opinion that we care about that matter And yours definitely doesn't seem like one. Um mallet screwed over a lot of y receivers. Yeah He did man. He did Yeah, klepe. That's right, man. That's right Oh, what in socks? He's already gone already blocked him. He's good. He's out of there No problem bag of crackers. We don't need do we don't mind any trash talk me. It's all good. Who's going to be starting for the old line? um It looks like probably ronnie stanley, james hearse, ryan jensen, mallet ryan did and austin Howard Rest in peace smoke. I wanted to see him. I thought I wasn't sure about him making a team I didn't I was like on the fence about it because I know we had danny woodhead and I was like, uh I would have thought he would have made it over buck allen I'm that that kind of did surprise me I did see the block field going in deception by uh, what's his name? I did see it I did see it. Um by carl davis um Why did smoke get cut? I don't know. Maybe it's just a numbers game. I don't know man Ravens should have a solid defense and offense is getting better. They should make a beer. They should have made Would you like to see them sign anyone else? um What do we need? I just want to see them play. I want to see them play. I don't feel like it's um Now practice squad won't be out till like today or tomorrow. I don't feel like it's anybody who um I just want to see the I just want to see them play. I really want to see the offense play See how they look And then go from there, man Because I I don't feel like it's really any anybody out there that can really Make our team be like, oh, yeah, that's the guy that we need to sign and um, that's the guy that uh That's the guy that's gonna make our team so much better. There's nobody really out there like that Who can come in and do that like that at least nobody that I can think about nobody that I can think about off the top of my head Um, oh y'all make sure I leave a like on the video too. There's 40 people in here, but it's only 18 likes y'all make sure I'll click that thumbs up button But I think we need a speedy back. It seems like all of our running backs up between the tackles runners Yeah, that's true West woodhead um buck allen um Yeah, you're right Do we need cap? I'm not a flak goes back Let's see is he's obviously out there since don't look like anybody signing them because of you know, everything going on But we we talked about that enough Uh, we talked about that a lot. I play fantasy football. I I play it, but I don't play it like I'm in a league, but I'm not like how do I explain it. I play it, but I don't really care about it.  Yeah, you got me if you want to man game of tag is in grave And if y'all ever want to play on xbox one, man Oh, you see j frank say we need buck. I don't know man Yeah, let's hope that they can stay healthy for real a k is completely right Yeah, cj. Bacon. I don't know if that was you earlier.  I'm already guaranteed a roster spot. I might I might get a chance to start But yeah, it ain't happen Once flakko gets injured if he does we're gonna sign cap because we wouldn't have a choice I think they will look somewhere else because after uh after Cabinets girlfriend called the owner racist. I don't think they uh I don't think they're gonna go down the cap route 32 owners won't sign him because they want their players to stay in their place It's a good point right there. Yeah buck. They look good a few games. Savage. You're right, man Mallet gets. Oh, that's such a good point j frank. He said mallet gets treated like the coach's son That's that's true. Rashid. No, Woodrum is gone. He's out of there. Oh, it was you that said it Okay, appreciate that man. That was funny. I was cracking up when I read that Um, I wish cj2k was a young see. Oh, yeah, he he wouldn't have been cut if he was And even he um Even with him dropping off with speed He's still his drop-off with speed is still probably faster than a lot of other backs that they are But they're not gonna sign him What the socks that I personally don't care about the controversy with cap We just need them for backup whatever the cases may be especially with mallet and the cars there See the thing is they're not gonna do it. They're not gonna do it And I wouldn't have no problem with that bringing in cap But a lot of people they have a problem with capping it because of what he did Um, and it's so weird Because those same people don't have they didn't have a problem with ray rice Um, well, there's something much worse And I'm not saying you told that it holds stuff against people for forever, but Be consistent be consistent. Um, if you want to be mad at somebody for kneeling during the anthem or whatever Uh, and peacefully they're not caught. They're not doing they're not riding.  But anyway Here's what it is Here's what it is.  I wouldn't be mad at that at all One for real life and then two for madden too. I would love that but that that's not gonna happen Ain't gonna happen all the fans of baltimore that had signs protesting were white Actually have a christ johnson tennessee jersey. Oh nice. That's definitely a throwback now Buck is making the right cuts now Yeah, we'll see man tim white's injury was a Was it a thumb thumb injury? I think I believe it was I forgot I would score any good. I don't know. I didn't really notice him Which is a good thing if you don't all notice an offensive lineman, but I don't know They already have jefferson and widow. No, we know that just saying that it would be nice depth He wouldn't be a starter obviously, but it'd be nice depth when you can have a starter as your backup Like we already got the dairies web and we if we have the dairies web and tj ward That'd be nice depth They didn't cut white. Uh, they put him on injured reserves. So he will not Be back this year Yeah, cj. I know a lot of people thinking that uh tj war is gonna go to Pittsburgh. We'll see man We should put anthony levine as a hybrid linebacker like how the bucks use Buchanan I mean how the carlons use Buchanan. Sorry. I saw buc in Buchanan. I was thinking bucks now. Um Possibility I'm sure they're gonna throw him in there sometimes in some nickel formations Do you think parryman will do? How do you think parryman will do this season? How much how much does macklin add to this often? Macklin adds a lot to the offense because it ain't just parryman and Wallace has a speed receiver. It's macklin too. Uh, you got to look out for all three and now we got danny As long as if if flacco can be one If he can be held upright if that offensive line can protect him To if he can make good decisions and good throws don't throw off a back foot Don't uh, yeah, don't throw while you're leaning back or whatever just If he can stay upright if he can just if he gets the mental game down That's it right there if he gets his mental game on point This season he can go places that we've never seen him go before. I don't play madden mobile. No, um if I just wish that flacco or just I want him to imagine I want him to be like I want to be like flacco Act like you're playing in the playoffs off throughout the regular season if he did that undefeated guaranteed undefeated The way that flacco plays in the in the playoffs. It's just it is that's that's when you can call him elite But regular season play it ain't elite his playoff played. Oh, oh man. It's crazy. It's crazy. Good It's crazy. Good. And I wish he would just play like that during the regular season and ravens would be well on their way But here's what it is. I think white was gonna make it. He definitely was the impact player Yeah, I think he probably would have made it man. I've I've never wanted madden 18 all madder simulation. Oh, man That's tough Yeah, that's true cj bacon macklin can run all those routes. Hopefully would you get cleared it? Yeah, I think he will get on a practice squad unless somebody felt like they could pick him up Give him a shot, but let's see You see man flacco came out the wound back first. He can't help That's funny, man. Meanwhile the terms are committed murder. I heard about that, but I ain't watch it, man tj linebacker There'll be something. I don't know if he can play that though But anyway Appreciate y'all man. Thank you. Um, this was a lot of fun as always um Again, make sure you leave a like on the video if you haven't already um If it were possible could flacco restructure his contract to help fix the offensive line No, because that would I mean he technically could but that would put us back even further um because We already tied on cap room and then the flacco contract his his salary Cap gets higher and higher. I forgot how it works out the next couple years but If we restructured his contract then we would be putting some of his money now On to later years so that would make his salary cap hit for those later years even higher than it already is So they don't they don't need to do that But anyway, appreciate y'all man. Appreciate y'all. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you Again, make sure you leave a like on the video if you haven't already subscribe to the youtube channel if you haven't done so already um And that's it man turn notifications on so when we do go live with these videos It'd be one of the first people to see it Appreciate y'all watching and that's the Ravens roster already set completely. No They still got some work to do but thank you and when they do do when they do do that work We'll let you know appreciate it. I'm going. Bye


Thanks for being here. So the research that I'm presenting today is actually part of a project that is called Invaluable and that was funded by several European research agencies. As a presentation is going to last for about 10 minutes, information will be limited but you will have access to more on the publications. All of these has been published already. The Invaluable project is about market-based instruments for ecosystem services and biodiversity. The fact is that there's been a heavy trend about since the 90s towards these MBIs, MBIs for market-based instruments for ecosystem services and that was even amplified in the 2000s because of the spectacular emergence of the concept of ecosystem services that became a priority in terms of policies but also in terms of research. The fact is that these MBIs were presented as innovative policy instruments especially as compared to previous approaches such as more common and control policy instruments or approaches and even ICDPs for integrated conservation development projects. But we find that there are very few commonalities or very few similarities among all of these so-called market-based instruments. So that triggers some confusion and we argue that this confusion is a problem for a number of reasons that I don't really have time to elaborate but I will quote only two of these reasons. One is that it's an impediment to proper evaluation of policies if we don't really know what we talk about if we cannot really compare between instruments and evaluations and that opens the door to many ideology-driven discourses and statements about these market-based instruments and that in turn has delayed a number of international processes and decisions especially in the context of very hot controversies about the commodification of nature. So the way we address this problem very briefly today is by defining and proposing a number of categories with more emergent instruments in each of these categories in order to have a better understanding of what's an MBI. And if I have time but I adopt I have time I will talk more about some empirical assessment we did about some payments for ecosystem services experiments in Indonesia so maybe I will have some questions about it in the future who knows. So let me present very briefly these six categories so it's kind of a typology of MBI's that we proposed and that was published and you may have different kinds of typologies different different ways to categorize instruments but this one is very much based on the interactions I mean on how these policy instruments interact with markets how they use the markets to operate and with what kinds of markets with what characteristics. So the first category would be direct markets where the ecosystem goods and services are directly consumed by the beneficiaries or by the users in order to provide more value to the ecosystem and to lead to its conservation. So here you can think of as an illustration you can think of the trade in NTFPs non-timber forest products for instance or even nature tourism. A second category would be tradable permits here you set a cap on the use of a given resource so you artificially create scarcity for that resource and then the resource users can exchange permits amongst themselves in order to reach the cap. So that's what we see with the carbon markets and in another field that what we see with the ITQs for individual transferable quotas for fisheries. A third category would be what I call regulatory price changes where a regulation is set that leads effectively to a change in the relative prices of goods and services depending on the attributes depending on their impact on the environment whether positive or negative. So here you can think as an illustration of ecotaxis and more specifically you can think of a carbon tax where you change the relative prices of gasoline for instance. A fourth category would be voluntary price signals. Here the producers of a given good or service try to send a signal to consumers saying my goods is better than the others in terms of impact on the environment for instance and in exchange you should give me a price premium or I will strengthen my market share just because I tell you it's good and here you can think of the well-known FSC certification as an illustration. A fifth category would be what I call cohesion type agreements. So this is based on the co-theram which is central to environmental economics dating from the 60s and the co-theram says that whatever the initial allocation of rights if the right holders can exchange the rights amongst themselves and if the transaction costs I mean pursuing their own interest and if the transaction costs are very low then you will reach an optimal situation and here that's that's that's that the theory that works for lots of p.s. payments for ecosystem services schemes for instance and I will just conclude with a fifth category which is reverse auctions so everybody knows about the principle of auctions here it's reversed so instead of having buyers compete amongst themselves you have sellers compete amongst themselves and this is a way to to get a maximum output with minimal resources spent and as an illustration I can just mention the conservation reserve program in the US where farmers can get payments for putting some of the land on follow. So once these six categories are defined we test we test these we see to what extent they're relevant with a literature review with a sample representative sample of about a hundred references we see how social scientists actually define and view these MBIs and what we find is that about a quarter of these articles do not really define these MBIs did not really define the topic of research and it's difficult to then put these instruments in one or the other category. Another quarter or another 25% of these articles deal with tradable permits which is a category we defined before and the other categories are represented in the range of 6 to 12% of the articles so it's much lower so this is actually I find that actually not not not bad in the sense that the tradable permits as a category really meets many conditions for economists to be understood and to be accepted as a market-based instrument in the sense that you have competition you have many buyers and sellers and you can expect an efficient allocation of the resources. What we find as well is that the analytical approaches that are used in all of these articles that deal with the MBIs are very diverse that diverse in terms of methods diverse in terms of scale it can be local to national to global and also diverse in terms of evaluation criteria so whether you're interested in looking at the efficiency at the effectiveness at the equity at the poverty alleviation and many other evaluation criteria so that in the end the overall statistic of about half and half of positive and negative assessments for these MBIs the statistic is difficult to to understand it's difficult to interpret so what can we say about the MBIs whether they're good or bad whether they meet the expectations or not is still subject to discussion so I presented these six categories if we want to simplify further we can even think of two big ensembles of market-based instruments and the distinction could be made between what I call market governance and what I would call bilateral governance so you would have market or bilateral governance the market governance would be using a real market with lots of exchanges with standard goods that would be traded in order to reach an equilibrium price in an optimal situation on the contrary by contrast a bilateral governance would refer to more bilateral transaction bilateral agreements specific transactions for specific problems usually local and involving a very limited number of actors buyers or sellers and whose nature whose identity matters you make a deal with someone because you know who this is for instance because she's got a specific or she's got a specific role to play and that's important to make that broad distinction because it's all about market-based instruments at least in the minds of many people but the implications of being in one or the other category are extremely different the risks the opportunities are extremely different if you deal with fluid markets market governance you may have a risk of a commodification of nature of losing control for instance but you don't have the you you you also have the opportunity to efficiently allocated resources for instance and to have a better outcome with bilateral governance you have usually higher transaction costs it's more difficult to implement but you have something that may be in a better position to solve your problem in a given context so I will just maybe mention just to conclude some of the conclusions from some of the findings from the study we did on two different sites where PES payments for ecosystem services were implemented in Indonesia one in the western part of Java and the other one and on the island of Lombok because PES are supposed to be a market-based instrument it's it's it's defined as such by by many researchers and even policymakers and what we find is that even though the theory of signal is at the very heart of these payments for ecosystem services in practice the signal is is kind of lost in translation as I would say it's not very well transmitted to the receivers who would make the decisions on the ground based on these incentives that would be provided and and that's maybe a problem in terms of of market because this is what we can expect from markets you know it's to guide decisions based based on a number of signals so if it doesn't operate in practice it may be an impediment to the effectiveness and I think I will stop. Thank you Romain I think you've raised lots of very important questions and so I'd like to open up the floor to to comments or questions from colleagues Jacob. I'm hoping that you can elaborate a little bit more about what you found from these Indonesian examples and and the categories that they fall into market or excuse me yeah market or bilateral. Okay yeah thanks there is an ambiguity I think regarding the status of payments for ecosystem services actually the connections to market-based instruments are kind of ambiguous I would myself not really consider many of these experiments as as marketing the sense that usually make in advance an economic valuation of the services and then you set you make the agreements based on this but when you have a market I mean the market is supposed to to lead you to these to these prices so so just just to tell you that in the first place these experiments in Indonesia were about watershed services and they were very prominent so you have lots of talks lots of discourses about the potential of these payments for ecosystem services to deal with you know to to trigger conservation to contribute to poverty alleviation as well in many places where you know the sources of income are very limited but what we see in practice with these two experiments is that it's very difficult and it takes so much time to take off it takes so much so much time to be implemented at scale and sometimes it's never it's even never implemented at scale what reason why it is so is that the transaction costs are extremely high and so it's usually heavily subsidized you have a number of donors you have development agencies that push for the design and implementation of this but you know it's difficult what reason is I say it's that the signal itself is difficult to transmit and what reason for that is that you have lots of institutional layers you have lots of governance layers I would say in the case of Chida now in West Java you've got you've got the donors you've got a company actually who pays for that pays for it and then you've got a multi-stakeholder agency that is supposed to represent a number of stakeholders and geos first agencies and so on and then you have farmer groups and then in the end you have the land owners who make decisions so I mean the signal is is is is kind of blurred it's not well understood because of this long process and another problem is that the multi-stakeholder agency that is supposed to represent all of these usually is dominated by one local very influential player so in the case of Chida now it was a local NGO trying to pursue its own development agenda on the case of Lombok it was a local forest agency that saw here an opportunity for getting more financial resources to to promote sustainable forest management that might not be a bad thing in itself but then the the issue of ecosystem services is kind of forgotten in the process so it might not lead you know eventually to a proper and efficient provision of ecosystem services and this is kind of unavoidable as as we saw actually Christoph more general question so like if you if we look over over the let's say over the last several years maybe a decade or so it seems that there's there's been a lot of sort of you know reliance on on this market-based mechanisms to know to you know for for sustainability and for those of these a lot of hopes associated with that and then the last few years you I don't know at least in my opinion you see kind of like a reaction on the part of the governments in certain countries like Indonesia that okay these market-based mechanisms you know they were promising but they didn't really pan out in many ways so there is seems to be some kind of tendency to maybe I don't know go back to these kind of bilateral or government government government-based arrangements or schemes and so on what is your opinion on that do you really do you actually you know do you see this kind of tendency in the in the market for pests yeah and and what what what you know are they the real reasons for this or maybe there's something else I think there's been there's been very high expectations and some sort of fantasy on behalf of economists you know and what happens in the minds I mean some people say what happens in the minds of economists when they sit at the desk is very different from what's going to happen on the ground once these policies are designed and implemented and this is exactly what we I think witnessed what we saw these instruments faced I would say the face the principle of reality and the faced very great inertia high transaction costs misunderstandings and so on and so forth there are many reasons that I won't elaborate right now but the fact is I mean I would summarize all of these problems with facing the principle of reality you can look at the carbon markets for instance that that's something that everybody knows in this room and you can think also of biodiversity offsets so this is more about biodiversity and of course it's themselves biodiversity offsets it's supposed to be a market mechanism in fact in the end it's all about making deals between project developers and those who would provide the offsets for very specific situations and it's very time-consuming it's very resource-consuming so that in the end it cannot be qualified as a market even though it was supposed to be so and that's that's how it was conceived we studied the case in France for instance where I mean very complicated it doesn't really happen very few transactions the whole thing about the market is that you would have lots of transactions you know to reach the optimal situation if you have if you don't have the fluid of fluid exchanges and many buyers and sellers it doesn't really make sense anymore so that in the end people tend to mistake payment schemes or simple incentive schemes for market-based instruments I would argue it's it's not really the case so the PES experiments you were mentioning are usually more alike subsidy programs and that's for instance the case of Costa Rica which is like the emblematic payment for ecosystem services it's a subsidy program I would argue it's about the state I mean the the money is collected through you know taxes paid by hydrocarbon industry which has nothing to do with the services provided on these lands where you would have sustainable first management and so this is managed by a fund that provides incentives to lend owners to do either conservation sustainable first management reforestation or whatever so I mean the innovation here can be challenged I would say Peter thanks I think so thanks I think this topic is really at the core of what we are working on so it's really interesting to hear listen to the discussion and the way I read it is not really about market versus non-market it's more to understand how the whole mix of decision-making is operating and so you said lost in translation it seems more to be lost in transaction so it's really one one of the efficiency dimensions is the is the transaction cost and the other dimension that I would like to ask you more also more about this that even if it was a zero cost transaction how much of the decision making does it does the scheme or payment system actually influence on the ground is that something you're planning to research more about in the sense that there is the economic dimension but there might also be other dimensions for the disease of the decision-making on the ground that is not strictly economic or at least not neoclassical economics indeed yes I will just remember the last transaction thanks for it it's indeed it summarizes one of the problems in terms of decisions I mean I think that now many people understand that so many decisions are not made strictly for financial reasons indeed and so that's one of the limitations as well I would say to the effectiveness of many of these approaches and actually there is an emerging thinking of corpus that looks as it's related to what you say that looks at the motivation crowding out effect that means it's kind of a barbarian term that means that people would forget about the intrinsic motivations once they can get incentives one they can get rewarded for conservation with financial payments so there would be a motivation crowding out in the sense that they would not do conservation anymore for social reasons but just for financial reasons and so here we see that there could be a shift in how people would make decisions indeed and that could be kind of perverted by the implementation of these schemes I personally don't really think this is a case and I actually think the risk is very limited just because a level of implementation the scale of implementation is extremely limited itself so that's why I also challenge usually people who who talk about the commodification of nature which is kind of I think it's more in their minds than than in practice so in terms of decisions yeah indeed it's it's not it's not all about you know financial calculations and there are many other ways to influence how people make decisions if you look at certification you may have certified products but in the end the prices are quite the same with the other ones you know and actually I had a discussion also with Steve about maybe novel approaches to to guide a virtuous to lead to virtuous decisions that will not be based on these grounds actually and it's like consumers would take responsibility by themselves to lead to positive outcomes without having these all of these policies in place I'm not sure yeah thank you Romain do we I think we have time for one more question or comment then I'll so step in and offer a comment and with respect to you just your reflections perhaps on the role of institutions at the local level in all of this and there seems to be one of the issues that you've identified is that the instruments the signals coming from these marketplace instruments are not getting through and I'm wondering if you know what the scope is for further sort of understanding about what's inhibiting those signals reaching local producers and and one would imagine that local institutions are key in this and I wonder if you know if they're always if you will those institutions are fit for purpose that is fit for receiving and disseminating those kinds of these kinds of signals at least in the context of some of the cases we've looked at and I wanted to put in the mix the example of IHITOs in Mexico where you have these sort of collective institutions that are quite old if you will in relative terms to you know the notion being that it takes time for institutions to find their feet to develop their kind of quite a bit early to work out procedures but you know the IHITOs in Mexico have been very successful vehicles for payment for environmental services schemes with respect to water conservation and tree planting and in the uplands it's a huge national benefit and I'm wondering if some of the cases we've looked at might not have had the same kind of experience or maturity with respect to engaging with transfers and marketing signals in the ways that say the Mexican case has and if that makes a difference right yeah I think there is maybe a dilemma a dilemma here because you would have the temptation to go straight to the decision makers indeed but at the same time you have all of these you know local dynamics social dynamics that are difficult to you know bypass of course it's maybe not even a good thing so you mentioned the case of IHITOs in in Mexico in the case of Indonesia indeed I think it would be a bad idea anyway to to try to bypass all of these local institutions such as farmer groups even though in the shorter term it poses a number of problems just because the signals are difficult to to be transmitted effectively to the decision makers and you have lots of you know local manipulations but even not intentional sometimes you have lots of lots of problems to deal with so I think that you may expect actually I think we should we should keep going that way just to try to answer your question and you we may expect the positive outcomes in the longer term because I I emphasized the fact that the signal was was not perfect this is from the perspective of these PES right payments for ecosystem services but in terms of longer term impacts and with slightly different approaches as this is in practice it might not be a problem and it might even be better so these you know these people will make decisions not necessarily on financial grounds but it might not be even a problem because we also observed that there was a higher level of understanding and of awareness by these people about the environmental issues which is kind of indirect and unexpected consequence of having these experiments on the ground and which is actually which actually contradicts the negative effect of motivation calling out in the fact that people would be obsessed by the financial returns of making one or the other decision actually it's not exactly what we observe we observe something different people pay attention to the environment in many cases just because there's been all of these meetings you know and there are kinds of incentives as well so I think this is actually the way forward maybe a last comment would be that many of these schemes are based on the notion of voluntary payments it's like the service beneficiaries would pay for it you know not relying on the state for instance but in practice it's difficult because of you know you have public goods you want your neighbor to pay for you and you have many problems of transaction costs are high and so on so actually what we find is that it's better to rely on mandatory ways to do resource collection like establishing a tax and then the way you spend the money can be through bilateral agreements with these people so actually these instruments are usually multi-dimensional so you've got different instruments in one single mechanism for instance how you collect the money how you spend it how you set the price you could have you could use reverse actions in order to set the price in order to set the level of payments for instance you know and and so on and so forth remain thank you very much


This is a new thing and you're feeling a little scared, but sooner or later every kid has to start sleeping in a bed So nighty-night, Chuckie. Sleep tight, person. It's exactly the same as your own crib, but it doesn't have any sides. That's all, okay? Good morning. Grab a seat. Be right with ya. Here is sweetie. I went over too late for breakfast. That's okay. It might sounds good. Chicken fried steak, huh? Chicken fried waffle, everything's chicken steak. Angelica! What? I'm sorry! Saw what? Oh ma'am, could you bring us two booster seats for the children? Sure, dearie. Just gotta cut a slab of this here pie, and then I... Ow! Sorry, honey. These old hands just ain't what they used to be. Oh, it's alright. Just a little stain. It'll come right out. Come on back to the kitchen and we'll clean that pie off in a jiffy. Oh, alright. Stu, will you watch the kids while I'm gone? Sure, hon. Everything's under control. Let's see. Chef Special Dajur. The Down Under Australian Ranged Chicken Serving Minty Sauce Estella Potatoes. The Humboldt Current Salmon Alla King. Come on! Wait a minute! The ground... The loose distributor cap. Fixter. Oh, what do you say we put in a whole new engine, Eddie? Well, I reckon that'd cost a bundle, Ace. Yeah, I reckon that's our dear, Eddie. Ha ha ha!


This formative evaluation demonstrated that the COVID-19 Evidence Support Team, CEST, was a valued program and a promising learning health system, LHS, model for Saskatchewan. The program was seen as a valuable resource for decision makers, providing timely and accurate information on the pandemic. It also helped to improve coordination between agencies, increase awareness and understanding of the situation, and challenge misinformation. Recommendations include implementing the CEST model as a functional LHS in Saskatchewan, continuing to support the team's work, and developing a plan to ensure the sustainability of the model. This article was authored by Gary Groot, Stephanie Witham, Andrea Badia, and others.


Optimec and who are you? My name is Michael Riley. I'm the aerosol jet product manager for Optimec. So what are we looking at here? We have a couple of different product types. These are printed antennas on plastic devices. Our process enables customers to print on low-temperature substrates. It replaces a current process that includes laser ablation of these different feature sizes. So those are smartphone parts? These are all parts of smartphones. And so how is the efficiency of the antenna compared to our normal antenna? The efficiency is exactly the same. There's no difference. It's not more efficient but it's not less efficient. So the exact same efficiency with using less material. We're a green technology meaning there's no plating. We directly print the metals where they need to go. And once again we get the exact same performance using less material than current process. So it means thinner phones a little bit? It could possibly mean a thinner phone. It means that you can print onto phones that maybe have a metal ring around them which would enable us to print all of the antennas inside the phone that you couldn't do with necessarily using a plating, electroplating technology. And what are we looking at here? What are those? This is our lens technology. Lens so we have micro and aerosol jet and lenses macro technology. What lens is used for is typically built up prototyping parts. This happens to be a, think of this as a hip and a hip prototype. It's also heavy. It's heavy but it's it's once again it's a prototype and from this you create a mold and then you probably create the hip joint. So it's not like resin or something? No no no it's metal. This is production made 3D printing? Yes it's metal. So we are actually printing it allows us to create interesting alloys. So here I'm magnetically I can magnetically I can't pull this up but as I move across this now I can pull it up and this is an alloy and so it allows customers to do is to create interesting parts, develop next-generation alloys or it allows them to repair parts by adding features and functions. All right. So it's up to make you do a lot of different things. You have a lot of different technologies. We do and we really have two core technologies. One is used from metal for as I said the macro technology and one is used from micro which is the printing of you know high-value parts like like like antennas on smartphones but it's also used for printing polymers for medical devices things like that. All right do you have just this one right here? Is this part of our products? That's part of our products. This happens to be a sensor and this sensor can be used for a wide variety of applications. So we print both 2D and three-dimensional. One of the benefits of our technologies is we can print on a wide variety of substrates. We have a big operating envelope for materials and lastly we can print features from as small as 10 microns up to centimeters in size.


The only potential downside of eating sweet potatoes is if you eat too much, you could get a yellow nose. It's called keratinemia. It's a common, harmless condition due to elevated levels of beta-keratin in the blood. First noticed a century ago when kerats were introduced into infant diets, it's treated mostly by just reassuring parents that it's harmless, but if you don't want your child's nose to be yellow, you can decrease the beta-keratin intake, and in a few months it'll be gone. But color is what we're looking for when picking out varieties at the supermarket. The intensity of the yellow or orange flesh color of the sweet potato is directly correlated to its nutritional content, so the more intense the better. Though if you really want intensity, sweet potato varieties range not only from white to yellow and orange, but to pink and very to deep purple. The natural pigments of which may have special anti-cancer effects of their own. What's the best way to cook sweet potatoes? Boiling may actually best retain the antioxidant power of sweet potatoes compared to roasting and steaming. If you compare baking to boiling microscopically, boiling helps thin out the cell walls and gelatinize the starch, which may enhance the bioavailability of nutrients. While at the same time the glycemic index of boiled sweet potatoes was found to be only about half that of baking or roasting, so boiled gives one less of a blood sugar spike. Make sure to keep the skin on, though. The peel of a sweet potato has nearly 10 times the antioxidant power as the flesh, an antioxidant capacity comparable to that of blueberries. Though it really takes a hit when baked, wiping out over two-thirds, whereas microwaving or boiling was comparatively much gentler. The same with the rest of the sweet potato baking can cause an 80% drop in vitamin A levels, twice as much as boiling. So from a nutritional standpoint, boiling rather than baking can be recommended for sweet potato cooking. Boiling may be best, but sweet potatoes are so incredibly healthy. The best way to prepare them is whichever way will get you to eat the most of them, with the exception of deep frying, which can lead to the formation of acrylamide, a potential human carcinogen.