So yeah, what are we gonna do quick intro barcodes. I'm gonna talk about encoding decoding scanners some simple tricks Some more simple tricks Some back-end stuff and some unsolved cases and stuff So this is actually all not really hard so relax you don't need your brain or at least like the left side of it What about a history of barcodes like they got developed in 1948 by two people and The first usage attempt and that's actually really funny Was the American railroad people that try to barcode all all the cars that they have it took them 17 years to label all the cars and then the system didn't work like it never did At that point in time people figured barcodes are useless however 1966 the National Association of Food Chains Started to require having barcodes on products to speed up the checkout process So they could make more money and that usually tends to be a really good driver for technology either making more money or porn so in 69 The same requested a industry standard which later became the UPC code that you all have on your grocery products and stuff here in the States and since 81 the US Department of Defense required a code 39 barcode on all products that are sold to the military and You will see why that is a bad idea So in barcode speech The little like barcodes that the thing that we just call barcodes are called symbologies And we have one-dimensional symbologies and two-dimensional symbologies Here you see a few samples and the smarter ones of you will actually start to notice that There are in the samples. That's probably just hard to read Some of the samples contain only numbers some of the samples actually contain letters So we can actually have letters in barcodes Here's some more symbologies We will talk about a few of those in more detail in the talk This is just an overview. So there is a bunch of different symbology standards out there and They differ mostly in error correction and they differ also in what resolution you can print them in and All kinds of other stuff. So it's really like what protocols like everyone invents his own Then you have like really weird barcodes like this the upper one You've probably seen on envelopes and this is actually a post-net barcode. This is actually a routing information for letters The British always being their separate if island folks Of course had to invent their own postal barcode that roughly looks the same But it's the British one and then we have two-dimensional barcodes now If you look at this graphic and then you look at your batch who can tell me what type of barcode you have on your batch Data metrics that is right And you will like probably notice that this data matrix here looks a bit different It actually has like a cross in the middle. This is because you can cluster them So you can actually extend the amount of information that goes into a data matrix code. That is true for most two-dimensional barcodes You'll often see at stake barcodes on UPS parcel I've rarely seen maxi code except for on stuff that Cisco sent me once in a mail And PDF barcodes are widely used in Europe For ticketing systems and we're gonna go into those later Now when you see your barcode and you need to decode it like how many people raise your hands if you actually decoded the barcode on your batch Yeah, you kind of like we're sitting next to me Okay, cool. So some people actually did it now Are you interested in knowing what's on there? It's a URL and I'm not telling you which Yeah, it seems to be part of it like a scavenger hunt kind of thing So essentially if you want to decode a barcode there are two ways One is you just take a scanner and Go like beep and then see what's on your computer screen and the other one is decoding software This is what I use Some decoding software is free other decoding software Comes for the cost of like a few hundred dollars or the modification of two bytes and I'm like really lazy. So I went to capitalist way and actually bought one that was really expensive, but it's really good Most scanners actually output the stuff directly into your keyboard loop and that's the older scanners You also have usb So they're actually seen as input devices by the computer And that makes it really easy. You don't need any special software So it's you we want to generate barcodes. How do we do that? So there is a very good for one dimension of barcodes There's a very very good generator Which is surprising because it is called GNU and it's actually good and like it even compiles so This GNU barcode is actually decent and you can like generate a lot of barcodes with it You can online generate barcodes. There are many PHP scripts and stuff to do that They're uncountable commercial solution Many of them actually ship as true type fonts, which I find kind of weird, but you can do that You can write your own generator really easily.  It's really easy as with everything So in general Barcodes are used for like three different things and I have to excuse the German in the slide But there's just no other way to say it Either they're used as tags and IDs So you're just putting a number on something and tag it Or the two-dimensional ones are actually used to as virtual data transport Or virtual to physical because barcodes have this unique property that you can send them by email and then print them out And you get a physical data carrier in your hand that you called email and this is what people actually use in Europe a lot I don't know how much it's used here The third application they're used for is utter bullshit and we will cover some of that as well So now we're coming to the first interesting thing about barcodes the scanners The scanners that like face outside to a potentially hostile barcode Are actually configured by barcodes So you have a scanner the one side faces to an attacker and the other one is connected to a computer And you actually configure it from the attacker side Which is really stupid So what happens is this you have a special like enter configuration mode barcode that ships with every scanner You scan this enter configuration Barcode thingy and then he goes in config mode and then you can scan in other barcodes that like change the configuration Like the output character set to Japanese or something and then you send a new scan an end of Configuration barcode and it gets saved to the scanner This is really not a good idea. I mean you really Change how this device works. I've actually seen a scanner that offered software update over barcode Which was scary?  Let's say UPC barcodes now suddenly except all types of barcodes because one thing that you need to know is all the scanners Support all the barcode types like you don't buy a separate scanner for UPC or something the chipsets became so easy And cheap that like all the scanners support all the barcodes And you have to actually configure them away So the system that used to only accept you PC with a single similar simple configuration More beer Well suddenly is have pretty much everything you feed it Not good some scanners actually support special key codes This is cool when you have a cash register system that still runs on MS-DOS for example There are many of those because they're really stable in contrast to modern operating systems The thing is with the special barcode that like has a special key code You can actually go and scan an escape key and since it's looped into the keyboard It actually has the same effect as someone hitting escape on the keyboard Which means it's going to exit the cash register application Quite nicely you can pretty much shut down entire shopping centers Yeah, so the easiest hack in quotes with barcodes is in most cases actually just copying them If the if the barcode actually transports the information that you want Already get a good camera or get and get a printer make a picture Print it out have a copy of the barcode and use that one as well Happened so there's a stand up come on There is this person who actually um like at pH neutral we have those batches and some of those batches are the alcoholic batches like you can actually get free beer with them and This guy didn't want to pay beer But get free beer. So he actually took a picture. Thank you Actually took a picture of someone's get free beer batch And then went to the coffee shop and got a printed out and laminated and like got free beer Which is why we now have chip cards Another thing like I don't know how come in that is here much of this is European centric. So Many parking systems like parking garage payment systems actually use barcodes nowadays in in our areas and For the for the residents they have like special barcodes And so I ended up in a hotel and they gave me for a parking place in in a city in Germany They gave me a long-term pass because I was staying at the hotel And so I didn't have to pay for the parking now This long-term pass is just a simple encoded number And I don't need to actually know what this number means because I can just copy it and then like Distribute around like free parking passes for the city center, which I actually did So you guys don't do any of that recycling bullshit now.  The whole process actually takes longer than drinking the beer. So This is really retarded it and they are using barcodes That come out of the machine they get printed out of the machine and you walk up to the register And get your refund for the recycling, right? so Getting paid for drinking beer The thing is in those systems. They actually have no Connection between a recycling machine and a cash register That means all the information has to be on the barcodes like there is no other way to transport the information And the vouchers that they use that come out of the machine are ean 13 which is like our version of UPC it's just a bit longer and This ean 13 is actually doing the super standard that UPC is under and your UPC is actually missing a leading Digit a zero. That's what why it's not printed All other countries have a leading digit that says from which country this product comes and There are special use digits to for example is used for store internal use now what I did was like I'm Actually went actually I didn't do that. So let's do that for me went to this store and gave back two bottles and So you see I'm getting back like 55 cents euro, which is about $2 And when you're when you're checking down here No, those are all fixed. Yeah, I cannot walk around When you're checking down at the barcode it actually ends with 0 5 5 5 Now if you happen to know that the last digit is actually a checksum So it's not part of the transported data. It suspiciously looks like the amount of money that you get back Now we got a second bottle checked in and that was 25 cents and it exhibited the same pattern So you can actually like count it and see that you can get up to 999 euros in refund for like returning stuff Which is actually pretty decent The thing is Berlin is full of people that don't like to work but to drink a lot of alcohol And so when they introduced the systems People immediately realized that this is cool because they didn't even read the barcode But they did what I told you earlier. They just copied them in masses and like went into stores and got money and To prevent this the stores actually started to use like special paper So they would recognize their own paper, but the thing is if you stick the barcode under your six pack which is heavy and The lady at the cash register doesn't like to like lift it up. So they just scan it over So if you stick something under this and you are not too greedy you actually get paid for drinking beer Another thing that people use barcodes for is access control More often than you will actually expect the access control system only Verifies that the structure of the data is nice, which means that it can read a barcode like it will not look at the content Not at all It's a really easy test like when you have an access system that uses barcodes Just take your pack of cigarettes or whatever you currently have on you with a UPC and just scan it and see if the door opens Don't be too surprised if it does because that's like really a regular case Other than that you can just like get the right number of digits on your barcode and scan it and it will open The door that frequently works so in a Attack in quotes because that's all really silly stuff That I used actually is this so the synchronization the thing is People do not realize that the barcode and the numbers that are the digits that are actually printed below the barcode Do not have anything to do with each other except for your assumption that this number is what the barcode says Like this is an assumption and many people have that assumption which can be exploited so What you do is you can just change it like you can change the number or the barcode and leave the other one intact and then Yeah, do stuff with it Other people do that as well like this is we had a company trip to the zoo don't even ask So this is the tickets we got and of course I collected them all and skin the barcodes And this is what they do as well the numbers that they show next to the barcode Are the shorter ones and when you decode the barcodes you see the longer numbers there And the leading digit actually says if you need to pay or not Everything else is pretty much useless So these synchronization can be used for property tracking now. Let us assume You work as a contractor at this company and your fellow Co-contractor working next to you has this night's laptop So like let's assume you have a Mac and you're like really finally understanding that there are crap and you want his IBM This is what you do In this company that I'm contracting there They actually do property checking by You go and you get a barcode And stick it on your laptop and then they say this barcode belongs to this guy So this is fx's laptop and when you check out they scan a barcode and they see if that's yours So what you do is you replace the barcode on your badge Just a barcode not the number Temporarily with the barcode on the badge of the legitimate owner now. How do you know the value? Well, it's printed below so you can just generate the barcode. You don't need any magic Now you stack that and stuck it on Go out check it out like check your new IBM laptop out Go back in because right now. He's not at work, but he's about to leave so that does not is not good Right, so you have to go back in Change your fix your badge again and then like remove it and then check out and go home and have two laptops Easy as that you can also use that for Changing the identity of your laptop like many companies actually use the barcodes that are below your machine That actually contain the MAC address they use that for Part access security for example, so you bring your laptop that you scan the barcode and then they know your MAC address and stuff Of course, you can put a different MAC address in there So one of the ideas I have was like putting the broadcast MAC address in there like all F and so when they put it into the network access control system It's gonna like fuck up the network The thing about barcodes is it's a really simple technology, but you actually have to get your procedure, right? So this this is what happens like when you're really lucky so this is actually a picture of the place the apartment building I live in and they put in a Store a automated DVD rental system like unattended right there it had a barcode scanner at the door and I walked right in there and like asked them for an account and like figured out that They're actually using biometric authentication like they wanted my fingerprint, and I'm like yeah, you're gonna get my fingerprint this side So I only go for the pin Now this is really cool because it's like unattended and it's in my house And so I can like go at night and like play with their systems So okay, here's this here's the rental procedure and the pickup procedure So the rental procedure is you go in you swipe your card you enter your pin you select the movie you want you lock out You can do the same thing on their website Now the pickup procedure to actually get to the physical data carrier the DVD is you swipe your card You get the DVD from the machine is Anyone seeing a issue here? Well, the second doesn't ask for a pin So the card that you get actually has a barcode on it The barcode is actually highly complicated There yeah Over there like the top It actually has like four digits and one character now the one character is actually Pretty much static. It is the it is the first letter of your last name And then the digits just like the numbers just increase which means you can just guess Who just rented a movie and then print a barcode with this number? Swipe it and if they ordered it over the web you get it Their problem is they cannot prove that they don't have it so they have to pay for it And you get to watch DVDs and even keep them so Yeah, this is this is why I did also what's really funny So on this website where you can like pre-order this stuff They will actually tell you if it's rented out or not And it will actually look a little bit different if it's already taken out or just reserved So you already know what movies are Rented and are pre-ordered so you're not picking up like I don't know Disney crap Yeah It's good So the next class that we have is injections and multi multi-decoding so most barcode readers as I mentioned actually Read everything like every possible type of barcode and they're usually left in their factory setting because nobody cares And even if they're not we have learned already we have configure barcodes. We can make them so again The back end application however will in many cases only expect the barcode type. It's written for How surprise every herd of people for getting input validation? It is the same deal So using a very powerful barcode like code 128 You can inject arbitrary characters that brings us to actually having sequel injections and format string attacks in barcodes You will be surprised how good this works the really interesting part of that is the older the application the less likely that you actually succeed because people back in the days called actually code and The later the application like the latest PHP written shit is gonna fail all over you if you have a sequel injection barcode This is actually I had the pleasure of professionally like playing with barcodes as well So this is actually from a medical system Which is really important because it tests your blood for HIV And you can actually like you see barcodes over there. I found the injection in that system So that you could actually make like Test results go away This is scary.  It's called QR codes So the idea is this you have a newspaper like a paper paper newspaper like for us hackers We probably don't have seen those in like years, but like a physical RSS, okay, so and What the idea is they print barcodes on the newspaper and It is a two-dimensional barcode and then there is commercial decoder software for your mobile phone Nokia IT ships with one. I think the latest That will scan the barcode decode the barcode automatically and point your browser right at the URL. This is pointing to This is actually a really really bad idea now Yeah, here's some more of them the German newspapers. They actually started off with using them and said everyone else is using them now Now the thing is this we took one of those commercial software thingies and like looked at it and realized that it's actually Not even going to the newspapers website, but it's just going to some web 2.0 marketing bullshit company and When you decode like when you brute force the numbers you can see who else is using this service Which is kind of nice, but it's not really barcode related The problem is this people can actually print arbitrary content in newspapers. We call this advertisement Like this is how the newspapers actually make their money So most people especially most suit and tie-wearing people do actually trust their physical newspaper like Not only do they believe what they read in there, but they also do not think it could be evil content So you're pointing your browser to a not-to-you-known URL automatically With your newspaper is that potentially a bad idea? anyone Like have you ever heard of a vulnerable browser before and You all and you get to cross-site script people with your newspaper Like you put a cross-site scripting attack in the newspaper. He's locked into gmail.  This is like no, it's a no-brainer. It's like cross-site scripting 101 like how about Just renting like very little advertisement space and then pointing it to it to an ice pack or mpeg site Or like whatever Exploitation framework you use against browsers and like owning mass owning managers now great We have now to tell our CEO's they should not click on images in their fucking morning newspaper Thank you There is another great property of barcodes This is the density thing the barcodes are actually designed to have a variety of density The thing is some of them are arbitrary length so you can print as much as you want If you have a really long reader, that's not a problem But the the programs the software that is going to handle the barcode that you're just like giving it is Actually written for this fixed amount of digits that it was expecting So even in the same space physical space that you probably need like when you print it on a card or on a slip Here in Vegas you can actually print a lot more digits Every hear of buffer overflows before Like have you noticed that putting more stuff into something that it was expecting? Is actually something that hackers really like So yes, it does happen like we did find buffer overflows with barcodes Simply by just like printing more It is a lot less common than the injection attacks But your tool of choice here is the code 128 Because it's full seven bit ASCII character set and you can chain them together like you print multiple of them And they end with a control code FC4 and that says Which there's more coming and the barcode reader is actually caching that So the barcode reader is actually like buffering all the barcodes you're scanning and then you send the final one Say go and then you finally scan like a 1k big bark in 1k big barcode Which is kind of cool.  Yeah, you put it into a disassembler Right away you find a place where they have a percent s that they later on passed to a w's printf you also find like some phone number that is undocumented and play Funny statements and you'll find their username and their password for like some HP OpenView looking glass In their software. I don't actually know what that is But they it was too cool to pass on it has nothing to do with barcodes But they if you want to own some some fucked up web 2.0 company. There it is We actually tested a lot of stuff that didn't break. So this is something we have in in Germany. It's called the pack station you Get a barcode in your mail It's a year and 13 and then you walk up to the station and then you scan it and it spits out the delivery that you got Because the UPS guy again didn't find the door or something so wait a second What I'm spending my weekends with sometimes is like going to public barcode scanners and Then fuzzing them and this is how that looks like so you have a few numbers. You have a few more numbers More numbers Then you end up at some point would like very dense barcodes and Sequel injection should be in here as well. Yeah, you have like special character sets And you just go there and scan them and see what happens So this thing actually didn't crash quite disappointing I also tried IKEA Because they use interleaf 205 which is a bit more powerful you get more digits in And all their scanners accept almost all one-dimensional barcodes, but their application is actually well written It's one of these MS-DOS written programs and it actually didn't crash So and then we have what I call recreation attacks Which means can I predict what the barcode is gonna contain for a specific scenario that I want if so I can just print it out. It's that simple So the most obvious target is postal codes now postal codes are used instead of stamps, right? So they're actually worth money So They use two-dimensional barcodes now because they can automate the process like they don't have to have an intern like leaking Stems and like placing them on letters, but they print the barcodes on the letters and it goes a lot faster Some of the postal systems as we've seen in the intro actually use different systems, but most actually use data matrix and So I got just simple letters from from companies that write me Like invoices and stuff and decoded them and checked out like what's in there. So what can you actually verify? So this is one thing that I got It has the Australian post barcode over there and I decoded it and it is literally this line of zeros like That's it So how do you actually verify that someone paid for this letter with a bunch of zeros? Like how do you do that?  That's called intelligent mail Hmm, and I assume It got this name because the compared to the author the system was actually written there Not getting there So it uses code 128 labels and I actually found the specs on the internet No, literally like the doc file specs on the internet on how this works.  So what's in the barcode? They have this back in a barcode. So it says here's this the zip code Yeah, kind of makes sense here. Where should this go? Oh and you mind you this only works for crates and big stuff Not for small letters. So Do you have this zip code where it goes you have a CIN you have a label source? So it says like where did it came from? Or what type you have a mailer ID, which is unique and I'm coming to that in a minute and a unique Identifier for the shipment and you have a label type and it's about it. I Don't see any authentication Like I don't see any way you can prove that is this is your mail or this wasn't your mail Now this unique identifier could be a problem because we're not able to predict it But then in the same specs it says to maintain the uniqueness of the barcode The data for these labor types must be unique for 30 to 45 days Mailers are asked to check with their postal service marketing representative to confirm the requirement for uniqueness Hmm, so it's absolutely random like it doesn't really care Now on the other hand I'm trying to get On the other hand I compared that to another spec that at first sight has nothing to do that with it This is the Pentagon building security emergency Procedures guide that also has a guide on how to handle mail and recognize letter bombs So it has all those things like it is foreign mail or excessive postage or it actually has Protuning wires and tin foil Whoever wrote that probably never built a bomb it does not contain you get a large shipment of a crate that has a Sender ID of the Pentagon and then in that is actually the bomb like You can send pretty much everything anywhere for free and it will be trusted because the center ID says like This is the Department of Defense Do you guys use barcodes for boarding tickets airline boarding tickets here in the States? Yeah, okay, you're gonna love this so This is the latest trend So the security on our biggest hub Frankfurt mine Airport, of course, our capital doesn't have a large airport Realize on the boarding tickets They don't actually have anything anymore except for the scanner that goes red or green and if it goes green You can go in and if it's red then no The security checkpoint is central therefore it's not our own specific right now on the other hand the security Like this implies that the security checkpoint may not know Everyone who's already checked in because that would mean everything else is rewired with each other And I don't think that is the case so the validity must be in a barcode. I Fly a lot So this is like barcodes from from trips all over the place Here's some more So I got all those and then I decoded them and this is a tool I've wrote myself for this barcode research so I can like color hex dumps and stuff So This is what I found in the barcode. It has a passenger numb. It has a last name first name booking code From where you're flying to where you're flying of which flight number the day of the year In which class you are flying Interesting important what seed you have what your ticket number is and a security check number However, like the last row the last column here is the security check number Do we notice a pattern? Yes, we do Everything else changes security check numbers days the same bad turns out that thing is static now what's really scary is The two red ones that I have in there are actually online check-in boarding passes so you check in on the website instead of at the counter and They don't have anything in the second column the second column is what is called the passenger record number and Everything like literally everything in airline security routing and whatnot depends on a PNR being there and Correct and unique like all the airline software everything works with PNR now. They don't have a PNR Which means we don't have any piece of information. We cannot predict So we can say from where to where we want to fly what our name is what flight We want to be on what class we want to be on and we are going to be like left Checked in and they will like bring us to the gate On the other hand luggage tagging actually works by logically attaching a one-dimensional barcode to your trip and to you So baggage is actually routed in the airport deliver a system depending on this barcode And with online boarding you can actually connect any piece of Luggage that you have to your boarding pass Simply by dropping it off at the counter like when you online check in right you check in online Then you got a bag and like a big trolley you go like drop it at the counter show them your online Check in boarding pass and they're connected logically to your trip Which may not necessarily be yours. So here's the scenario We have this person that is considered a potential terrorist because just he wears blankets And then we have his boarding pass We have this other person who strangely looks like a government official in our country Who actually has an agent and wants to make this innocent blanket wearing person Looked like a real terrorist So he actually Creates recreates a boarding pass on the name of the other fellow and Drops some luggage in With some extras Gets x-rayed Evil security Finds a terrorist. This is how it works. You can totally do that So recommendation, I mean they made water illegal in flights They can actually make luggage illegal as well for security and anti-terror reasons Because like the same concept as with the water is going to apply here you buy a button You buy a bottle of water before you go to the airport. It's like $1.00. You buy it at the airport It's like $5.00. They can do that with luggage to like I don't see why we why we should be allowed to have luggage For security reasons There are some unsolved cases like one thing that I find really interesting is this US visit immigration thing that they used to have It kind of like no longer is in use So from for a period of time you actually got like this huge barcode over there that looks like an entail When you checked out of the United States like literally when you left the country and I decoded those and they're like entirely crypto and So I decoded those and they're entirely crypto and I decoded like a few train tickets in Germany And they're actually done right. They actually have a crypto certificate in the 2D barcode.  We have on this funny URL. We have set up a viki that contains all the all the decoding software that we know and All the free decoding software and everything else and has some war stories of people like what went wrong with barcodes and Actually people contributing content there. So it's actually pretty cool Yeah, thank you Right on time any questions any barcodes No, actually the slides are not on a disc because I was like getting myself into this talk Tuesday something but I will post them up. They should be up the phenolic website. Oh This is really funny You're gonna love this if you have seen the port bunny talk that I gave together with faps This system is actually like the back end is the other site like the victim system that he tested his firewall Detection packet storm shit against so the system is actually broken right now because faps killed it It's gonna be back up in a few days Okay, thank you very much. See you at the next party


What it looked like what you were right now You probably were Annabelle leave Wisconsin love you too. How was your day?   What's a good place to eat at to carry out? Memphis Douglas be Connecticut South Carolina, Florida, Nashville, LA Detroit Southside, I don't know the south side of what but you ain't even Oregon Greensboro DMV PG County Dallas, New York man. We all know the place color This is America Don't get caught sleeping you in me We'll come back to a little bit so the black in America Americans yes, it's money focus. I am here with your money focus. I Love you.  Yes. Yes the day I was walking down the street Gloves on my hand air Jordan on my feet, and I think to myself. Oh my god I got the show on December 14 with my bro So I go in my pocket and I reach from my iPhone 10 I had Carlos tell him his address he need to send then I drive to the plate now the cameras in my face So I let DC know on Friday. We got a show It is me and my bro if you watch us on TV Well, you know, you need to get your tickets so you can come and see On Friday at the how at the Like to get with us, you know, I still learn to speak English So my rhyme was kind of twist What it is and you need to get with this To the show on December 14 And you need to get your tickets cuz I promise it be me It be all the way the one it is me and Carlos Miller we are known to be We will shoot you with decay and we really have the family who will treat you very bad We have no time to play The show is tomorrow. The show is December 14 That is not tomorrow No, you are wrong brother You were not wrong brother, I would never let you be wrong These motherfuckers haven't wanted to sleep yet So when they go to sleep and wake up, it's going to be the same day It's going to be the same day but today is the day that you thought it was yesterday as today I do not come to art I do not come to art December 14, whatever whenever you see this if you look up and it happens to be December the 14 Just know there is a show on that day, whatever whether you're there or not, they won't be a show If you are not there though, you will be missing show and you do not want to miss show Because if you miss show that means you will you will have a problem with me If you miss if you miss show I hope your wife give birth to sin to beat and you work for shoes for the rest of your life Dirty shoes too, not the airs you're in like we were If you if you miss show You should miss because you are somewhere cleaning your ears I know you're everyone who miss show have dirty ears all the way dirty ears You don't even own cutie nothing in your house. You know who really like show Niggas with no health insurance That's who really come to see the show because they are not afraid of anything they prove it They don't even have health insurance. No illness. No illness will keep me from laughing Nothing nothing was my like they're back. I'm a before guys Is that what the americans say? Yes, yes, that is exactly what they say mother for we can say niggas without You are my niggas all my niggas december 14th my niggas come all of my niggas come to here come to here All the niggas are on to here to be there and when I say niggas, I mean people who look like me Exactly my niggas exactly not anyone insists because they are mine Because they are coming to see me. So these niggas are mine. They belong to us. These niggas are from my tribe. Yes All the niggas may not come But my niggas would be your niggas never leave my niggas never let me down. No matter where I go My niggas never want never one time never one time have my niggas you tell no lies you tell no lies That's why I love my niggas.  They are so you know what they're going to do it anyway But there's not going to be so upset. They're going to say they always want to chime in with their beats and pieces But they don't know about the niggas. They don't know anything. They have never But never leave niggas so they do that understand but they want to be but they want to be but they can't not Because it's their grandfather who makes things hard. Yes very much Your grandfather making difficult for niggas.  She's holiday season Go ask your grandma.  No one tell your grandma to not sleep with black man.      He does not look like that He look like him.   Have she ever heard temptation's christmas song? In my mind ask her Ask her. She know just say that to her. Don't even ask her. Just walk in the room Walk in the room and just say in my mind if she don't start saying she's a racist Ask your grandfather who is favorite black man. If he do not say Muhammad Ali.  We give you we did you what to do Racism Segregation It takes you with your doom Jim Crow laws This is the easy way to find out the racist They always you always want to be racist. You'd never go see Tyler Perry movies.  You don't know who Mattia is.     Oh, yes, they do. Oh my goodness He does niggas. We niggas.      You look crazy.     Yes, they order youtube with subscribe But in person you don't get your goddamn cable watch youtube all get them They probably won't get anything you want to know every move of person you don't know as out of here And you get a lot of them get your goddamn.   This is my move.    He is heading up and up. I did this is fun. I'm sorry. I'm sorry This is his first wife have baby not for him. Oh, no Oh, no, this first wife is cat.  That's really their furniture.    He looks like he broke in and looked like somebody tried to stop him from coming into the house And grab him by collar when he's running. No, listen last week.  No friday friday. No show Saturday, no show. Sunday, no show. Monday People everywhere come listen my goons call me No, listen My goons called me. They said do you want us to take care of this? I said no, it's not a problem There were some technical difficulties and I need this guy He put the next time he tries me I don't know if I can talk to him I didn't think he would be able to stop them this time Carlos One call What's your listen call? I know I've been all over America. I know people come to me. They say listen chico Come on, Bobby What happened to the show? I said listen, man. I don't know. Joey Miami He said listen listen to me man. Listen to me man. I said Joey Miami He said how did it broke? I don't know He said how did it broke? That's why we know I'm not sure this is chico We don't we don't get about that.  I said no Because you're good person. I'm your person. I'm your person. I have heart. I remind you I'm gonna let this I'm gonna let this go on I tell you don't more violence I'm going the different route. We got we got we got we got good thing going on now I don't have to do it. We don't have to do this this way, but but you eat you eat Joey you listen to me He would he say because people people people don't know that we can't control a lot of people where we've got a lot of people So listen what I'm saying is From now on, Joey, you want me 20%?  I mean, I understand it's hard but it's fair I don't mind you.   I mean, don't look at me.  How about that? How about tighten up like your car?    Now look here. You upset chico.   Yeah Hey, hey, relax.   He just went in a kneecap. Come on.  All right, I told him let me get a tongue. Come on.  Come on. Let me just shoot at his feet a couple times.     All right. All right. All right. All right. Okay. All right. All right. All right All right, what do you want girls?    Oh man.    I didn't want to I didn't want to do it.  You're doing the thing again.  All right. All right. All right. All right. Come on. You got the osa.      Who are these boys?       All right. I know, it's not what I'm saying Hey, relax.  I don't know, you know what I mean?  Nah, I don't, I don't, I don't, I don't.  I don't, I don't, I don't, I'm right. Relax, you're right, it's not worth it, it's not worth it, you're right.    Somebody should have said something. Why am I always the last to find out? I don't know, Paulie, I, I, I, I, I think it's, it's, it's, it's what we said it was gonna do, but it's doing that plus a lot more.  Come on, but once the guy's find out you're in business, what the niggas, man?  You know what I mean? These guys, what do they do? They steal from all types of people, Paulie. They steal from all types of people. I mean, every single thing, people, the moms and pop stars, I own people. Relax, relax. Well, what are we doing?     What are you going to start back selling cell phones? Burn the phones.  Come on, man, the game is on the internet now. We got to get into the broads, man.  They post the pictures, spitties, asses, whatever.  I'm telling you, 24-7, Pepsi said it best. Pipping ain't dead, it just moved to the website.   It's why you, that's why, that's why, that's why you, you.  That's why you got to look those niggas in the face and tell them, guys like you need guys like me. I can go places you can't go, darky. It's up to people you can't talk to. Come on, I'll give you 10%. That's fair. That's being generous. That's fair, that's more than fair. We'll give these mullies 10% and we'll make them think they're rich, provide them diamonds, change, whatever. Well, Carl's seems that you're taking this to a place of prosperity. Well, now that the people are just coming across like this, I can't help but give it the once over.  Wow, I mean through the core. I'm talking about, hey, these guys got these communities, right? They call them their hoods, right? And then I come in. Hey, hey, they tattooed them on them.  We on the property. Coming at any point. Hey, hey, guys, hey, guys over there filming the video.  Hey, all right. This is the real sick part of it. We're going to go around every hood in America and kill them and tell them that we did it. Oh, god. Got to make songs about it. Choppers in the car and we're going to ride far till we catch up. Oh, we love it. We love it. Guys, guys. We love it. Keep on breaking it out. Great.    Ah, man. We love it. We love it. Put it out. We love to hear those songs about your chopper in the couch and the way that you'll pull it out and shoot everybody on your block.   They'll shoot everyone and we make collars. Take them to jail. Don't give them any bail. We'll give them life. They'll put them on a T-shirt and tell them that everything's all right. Hey, brother, that thing that you just said, you are not lying. Love to put each other's mother's churches, have them crying.  Walk around with all your cool.        Make them drool, sell the coke, sell the dope. We need you. Hey, get that other dope dealer from the other side of town a feature. Together you're talking about the things you do. Oh, man, we can't wait to get a hold of you. Hey, you know what else, that the world really needs? How about an athlete who protests by getting on a knee? Hey, this is the killer quick.  Yeah, that'll be awesome. And then people will be upset. And then we'll make it hard for him to ever get a check. God, man. Oh, man. And then people will be like, hey, give him a try. And then I'll make the phone call and call a white guy who has a baseball in a couple of years. He's got 50 more pounds and he loves to drink beer. Yeah, man, oh boy, forget Colin Kaepernick. How about Koma Koi? Yeah. Hey, man, you're really thinking great, man. I was thinking more like Dan Marino or maybe Troy Yee. Yeah, that would be hilarious. Oh, my goodness. Hey, let's not give him money. Just give him cars and then kick him out of the lead.   We love the way it feels. And you know what else? To make the whole thing shade. We'll say we love Aaron Rogers, but not as much as Tom Brady. It's very cool right there.  It's really awesome. It really works in our favor. It works in our favor. The best way possible, guys. Oh, my god. I mean, I mean, the way we're winning, man, we're really pimpin'. The way those guys get on those tracks and disrespect their women. That was really important. What's that? But let's just keep selling these jerks. Yeah. That's fuckin' awesome. That's awesome. Hey, hey, hey, you know what else we should do? What?   Let them do it for bail. Then we come in 40 years after all of this. Let's tell them they don't have fathers because we put them all in the grave. Let's see, let's see. Hey, let Carlos check us up. Hey, hey, hey, I got another idea. You know what would be really good? Let's send them all in.  Hey, get a dollar in this country. We're gonna make it hard for them to let them in. People are supposed to protect them, man. They're gonna get up. They're from the streets. But why nobody ever retaliates against the police? Oh my God, this is awesome. Hey, guys, you guys are doing a great job. You guys are doing a great job. Hey, hey, hey, listen, another thing before we go. All right, hey, for all you guys out there selling dope and toting guns, keep on going. We love the way you're flowing. Man, yeah, motion screaming, shouting.    But we love it. They smoke plunts, but I'd rather hit the bomb. The best part is when they make a mixtape song and tell you everything they did and everyone they shot. And then make a video staring in the zips. Back at you guys for awesome. You make this thing so easy, man. Oh my God. You guys make this so easy. I don't understand like they just won't get together. They refuse to have a meeting or anything. There's nothing. They don't even talk to each other.  Exactly, exactly. It's amazing, it's amazing.  Yeah, they kill everybody, man. It's all about death over there on that side. We love it. Hey, and when you do get the money, guess what you gotta do first? Marry a white girl. Boys and living goods.  Ha, ha, ha. And that'll cost the bill.  Ha, ha, ha. Yes, you can. Do you guys get the picture? Do you see what's going on?  A lot of people are gonna feel a lot of different ones. I mean, hey. That's gonna hurt a lot of people. It is. A lot of people are gonna feel that it's reality, that it's too real, man. Yep. Yep. Think of what you would have, think of what you could have been had you been provided. How do you think you would have been turned into? I can't imagine what you would have done. It would have been an ashtray, man, girl.  Right.   What? Probably didn't like it. Be proud to sing a national anthem. That's really what it is, like. You could have, like, could you imagine what it feels like to be proud to sing? Like to be, to really get your best interest. Got your, when you know your best interest is that I'm all the way across the board. That's a crazy feeling, though. I couldn't imagine. Every time we walk out the door, it's got to be alert, because it's the chance that you're not coming back in the door at night. It's so much high for us.  It's wildest dreams. What? Wildest dreams. Wildest dreams. We at somebody else's house right now. A white person's house. Niggas ain't supposed to be doing this. It's amazing.  Damn, we going to have to go to that.  You need to eat. We need a treat.  That's all right. Freak, freak. In between the sheets, bitch, leak, leak. Puss it on, squeak, squeak. Hold better. Know what you do when the meat skeaks.  That's all right. That's a hit record right there. I think we're from London. I think we're from London. I think we're from London.  You're attempting to throw in trenches in the game, are you? He's attempting to see if we know how to solve our dues. Oh my.


story on the European open science clouds. In short, EOSC started actually in 2016 with Carlos Mudas wanting to have to ensure basically that all the research data that are being produced that they are actually used to their full potential. In 2000 back to 2016 and this tradition is still going on researchers get public funding for performing their research. They publish in research publications. They have their research data but after the publication lifetime and the publication is out in the journals, hardly anything happens with these research data yet. It's not a common practice at least let's say. Sorry to interrupt but your camera is still off. Do you mind switching it on? Oh don't worry. Sorry. Okay so and normally you should be able to see me. Okay. Yes. Okay so I'm going to recap a little bit from here. Okay and let me quickly swap them out. Okay so going back to the story of research data Carlos Mudas actually advised that research data should be reused and brought together in order that more findings and scientific findings and innovation could get out of that. In 2017 based on the initial thought of Carlos Mudas there was the EOSC declaration signed in Brussels on the 10th of July and this EOSC declaration basically wants to stop the the image or the current practice that's going on in the research world. In order to speak this picture actually depicts what's currently has been going on. So every country, every region, every research institution even has and produces research data. Most of the time people are not aware where these research data are residing in fact and also they are not made interoperable. If you want to for instance combine a research data set on mobility from Italy and together with Belgium this will be very hard to do because there is no way of combining the data according to the lack of a common data model, the lack of interoperability, the lack of metadata standards for sharing the data. Also most of the times also notisary or ontologies exist. So in order to ensure the sharing of data this was actually the vision that was put forward. To have and combine data from several sources and to ensure that EOSC as a portal could help research this and other public parties, private parties and the public at large to find the required research data and that EOSC could serve like a kind of a service catalog where you have one highway through which all the research data could be used. There were several models at a time being researched and looked after what actually would fit and do the job and they actually came up with a federated data model that would work best for with regards to EOSC in terms of resources, services, governance, also costs and they envisaged that the cost for making a federated model would actually be not that high that the acceptance by the member states and the stakeholders could be quite high but that some things were needed and in this talk we will for sure focus on the way how interoperability matters if you want to build a federated data model. Based on all the information on EOSC and the declaration signed in 2017, a strategic roadmap was signed in 2018 and based on that there were EOSC, an EOSC governance board was installed, an executive board was installed and under that executive board there were six working groups in EOSC that were actually trying to find out what was required in order to build that EOSC landscape. Within this field one work in particular is of mention today and that's the EOSC interoperability framework. I put some links here so if you would like to review this information this obviously is open with regards to EOSC and in the EOSC interoperability framework there were four major things put forward so first of all they claimed and it's not with a priority it's just the way how it is mentioned so a technical interoperability is required so technical interoperability it comes down to the exchange of data it comes down to the exchange between different infrastructures but also the services that go aside with that so everything needs to be combined in a technical layer but obviously and then I come back to point number two this only makes sense if you have also a semantic interoperability meaning that you need unambiguous shared meaning of the metadata and the data you're actually sharing this can for instance be done in ontologies in Tessauri but at least this is required in order to make that the data that you would reuse are making sense this will require the need of a minimal set of a common metadata formats at this point in town time many different metadata standards are existing so it's not that there is nonexisting the thing is just that it are existing too much and the thing on mapping them towards each other is quite a burden and hardly anyone is doing that everybody's making an own new metadata format when they think it's required however if this is the way to go forward that's another thing maybe we should first try more to see whether the semantics in between this metadata standards are and can be aligned and to what extent they can be mapped towards each other a third point put forward in the interoperability framework document was the organizational interoperability because if you have data installed in your own research data repository with some semantics this semantics obviously is also based on your context where you're residing on the organizational processes that are linked towards that's towards that's semantics towards that data capture process so some kind of in organizational interoperability obviously is also required however this most of the times is forgotten if people are speaking about interoperability terms port one was the legal interoperability that's required so if you want to combine data from several sources from eos from wherever places there are obviously some regulations internal regulations but also to a large extent external regulations which you need to and take into account some policy measures that might be drafted which impacts your the manner how you can reach this interoperability so in eos this was interoperability is was and still is actually a very important topic obviously is because this is really what's required in order to make the things happen now this is not only in the eos landscape a term that's predominant it's also for instance was last week during the endorse conference which was held which is a conference based on the isa square commission previously that's being installed by european commission and one of the things that was most important to foster data data linking across sectors not only the public sector but to combine data from the public sector the private sector the industry and so forth also across different domains the one thing that was the most prominent and you see here the percentages that i i just made as a print screen actually during the talks that was that alignment of metadata standards vocabulary and semantics really is tribal in order to get to take the next step forward so that brings me a little bit back to my story so if you see all these things are really required and necessary what does that mean then in the Flemish context so in Flanders there was a reira court which is an agreement of the Flemish government and for the term 2019 to 2024 it was decided that research data should be combined as much as possible should be made public as much as possible and based on the requirement that they receive public Flemish money in order to operationalize this this note there was a decree where the Flemish open science board was created this note can be found there are some references here but what basically was said is that the Flemish research data network which is the operationalization of the Flemish open science board needs to tackle three big things in for one the knowledge hub in order to share expertise not only between the research data management stewards but in between all the stakeholders involved in research data secondly a data hub where the research data can actually be combined and totally a discovery hub where the metadata of this research data can be provided to Fris and from Fris there could be coupled to EOSC in order that they become findable so that brings me to what Fris basically is so what Fris is is public research information portal you will see here a small print screen of this portal down the image and the link towards this portal is researchportal.be this research portal has been used for many years already in order to disclose information on public funded research in Flanders openly to whoever wants to use it at the moment there is only there is information available on researchers organizations projects and publications but based on decrease from the Flemish government the both which is a special research fund and the industrial research funds provided by the Flemish government this will be enlarged so there will also be an obligation for instance to the Flemish universities to include research data into this portal also the other stakeholders involved the higher education colleges also the strategic research centers and the Flemish scientific institutions they all get in their agreements with the Flemish governments obligations to provide this information to Fris with some specific deadlines so if we want to have indeed research data being discoverable to Fris yeah then we need some interoperability we need some metadata standard termination work and I might skip these slides so what you sorry what I you see in the previous slide is what we have thus far in Fris so these four objects what we will do in the near future is to enlarge this picture we will ensure that the links between all these objects are made closer towards each other but it's also an enlargement for instance with data infrastructure and information on patterns it's not only about the objects that there is an extension going forward but also on the the people and the stakeholders who are actually delivering the research information so previously it was most of the time is coming down to the universities that were providing the information now the whole picture the whole research picture will be involved so meaning the Flemish higher education colleges also the strategic research centers and the scientific institutions now having set the scene where we're actually working let's go and take a dive into how we actually develop this Flemish application profile for research data sets that will be used in Fris so first of all what we have to do and which basically might seem a little bit awkward is to define what research data actually are with all the stakeholders we have because this really sets the scene what we want to have and what we want to disclose through the through the first portal there are many definitions out but for now we have convened in Flanders on this definition which is quite broad as it also for instance includes secondary data obtained from from third parties it also discloses not only documents and software for instance but also discloses information on for instance biological materials now what does interoperability then essentially mean in this process so it means interoperability in this respect that we would have to know through this portal where this data are what they are about and we have to know it as goods qualitatively at least as if they were there the the data of the portal itself the metadata of the portal so that means that the read the information user that uses the Fris portal would not have to know any semantics any processes that are going on on the institutions that are actually providing this information everything should be looked and treated the same way so this needs that the information being sent needs to be contextualized when it sends and so this needs a convergence for instance to a common metadata model that's a question that's one of the options one can take or you need to have an interoperation among many metadata models but then you need to mapping towards from one model to each other so having around 25 stakeholders that are all having their research data created we had to see what was the best option to take and i can already drop you a line that it was the first one the conversions on a common metadata model but the high level metadata model the principles we were using is that the difference between metadata and data is the mode of use is being different metadata is not there just for the data but it is essential that it's useful for users for services and for computing resources it should make sense to have them it's just not just merely a description it's just in it's in order to ensure that it's useful for any for any other party it's also not just for the description and the discovery it also is for the contextualization so how relevant are the metadata provided to the data how qualitative are the data are there restrictions towards the data that we are wanting to use in terms of license agreements third party agreements disclosures or other legal restrictions or ethical restrictions even a fourth one is that the metadata should be machine understandable in order that they can also be harvested by other services that would like to use them as well metadata should also be relevant i mean and it should be linked towards other information sources already on the frisk portal for instance with regards to projects with regards to publication outcome whenever possible the implications of these principles basically come down to five points that need to be tackled so the syntax what's the metadata cover actually there should be created according to objects and properties the semantics there should be relationships and preferably also include the most often problem of multilinguality however as we are restricted to flounders this has not yet come into play there should also be temporal information should also be ensure that there is the metadata are have a profound way of being at the high level of integrity and that's there represented in some form of first order logic and not going further into detail there if there are questions later on just just tell me and i'll reach out so these are basically if you would say are quite general principles in order to draft the metadata scheme so when it comes down to research data we also are checking for research data and metadata guidelines that were being drafted and the ones that we had used actually are the ones of the go fair projects which defines four different principles according to the fair acronym fair standing for findable accessible intruparable and reusable so as you will see findable means that the metadata should be assigned with a global unique and persistent identifier basically already immediately posing some some urgencies and and requests on the metadata scheme we're making data are described with rich metadata metadata are clearly and explicitly and include the identifier of the data they describe and they are registered on indexed in a searchable resource so if we want that the metadata and frizz are findable this is the one things we have to take into account with regards to accessibility they should be retrieved by their identifier using a standardized communication protocol and they should be accessible even when the data are no longer available so meaning that metadata will will will live beyond the lifetime of the research data itself metadata should also be intruparable so they should be handled in a common way in order that machines can read it and that's uh that applies actually uh so that it's used as a formal accessible shared and broadly applicable applicable language for knowledge representation they should use vocabularies that follow the fair principles so there should be a disaster zone ontology based on that and there should be qualified references to other metadata schemes whenever applicable obviously with regards to the reusable facts this comes down to the fact that the metadata should ensure that there are that they meet for instance common agreements that are made and disciplines in order that they can be reused in the same discipline as you can understand many research disciplines have their own metadata standards in place based on all these four specific fair metadata principles we were starting off so first we were installing a governance structure like who is involved in this in this work and for this we directed our question to the Flemish open science board and we had in a working group on metadata and standardization which is with a representation of all Flemish research universities representation of the higher education colleges which are currently building a digital open science platform abbreviated as DOSP for representatives of the also for strategic research centers and next the Flemish scientific institutions and the research funders so this is quite necessary that you have this kind of governance structure because later on you will see in the process that we need to know who actually will be involved when we will speak about the semantics and also about the processes that are coming into place when you look at the research data these are the people most often residing for instance in research coordination offices or libraries that are actually handling the research data themselves through metadata catalogs for instance that's already have experience with that towards research publications with making data publication repositories so these people were included in a working group then we were checking actually what we needed to do so would we make and draft a new metadata model or would we rather start from a commonly existing metadata model a generic metadata model that's already widely in use and that's existing for many years already in that regard we were reviewing reviewing several metadata generic metadata models and we considered to the one of data sites the the 4.3 model that was concluded in 2019 as one of the best options to go this is also due to some extents to the Flemish context because the data site model is already being mapped towards serif there are serif xml guidelines to map towards data sites data site that's also being used already on open air a platform that discloses publications but also research data sets openly so in because this fact and because fris is built on serif it was more easily to also look at data site as a first glance because other than in the next stage when we are really implementing the metadata model in fris then you can draft the link towards open air data site serif and that meta model so then this tech step to take is not as big as would have been for instance with a retreat data metadata model then what we have been doing is actually to check how the data site model is built and what we actually want to be present present in fris so obviously not all the metadata fields of data site will be relevant in the context of fris so therefore we were checking what's relevant and also what's the concept that's being denoted in the metadata scheme of data site if you were having discussions on what an identifier would mean towards us we were having discussions for instance also what a contributor would be because the data site model is quite large they have more than 17 roles on contributors but we really want to include 17 contributor roles in fris for instance and also if you look at the roles that we would like to include in fris is the meaning of the concept being used in data site exactly the same as we want to intend with that so then we were actually checking line by line what data site had so this is just a small glimpse of data site 4.3 and you will see here for instance what is an identifier is this is semantically defined by data site which is already very nice for our metadata model not all metadata models in the world have this so this is very nice to start off and then we also saw for instance allowed values examples and the other constraints that were put forward by the data site and we were going over each of these facts and then checking whether there was a common agreement or not and this was done basically through what what happens in data governance with so-called semantic cycles of reconciliation where every information provider is checking basically what's technically feasible not only with the technical experts but also with the business domain experts who are actually having to store the information once the repositories the metadata models are being constructed what they think that's required with regards to the research information world and then they're checking that's towards what we have proposed as a generic metadata metadata metadata model on the Flemish level so each time we were actually checking something it was always coming down to checking what's all institutions and it's over or not to it were close to 25 27 institutions were thinking and then checking whether this would be whether we found a common agreement where we could have more like a high level generic metadata model we continued these kind of cycle until we actually drafted our metadata model and as you will see there were some kind of iterations going on so the model that has been concluded and has been agreed upon is the version 1.7 model the characteristics of that model are not completely the same I would say as data sites so data sites has many properties we have 15 that originate from data site but we expanded some of them so you see that there is an enlargement and I will in the second slide go into the details why we actually needed to do that you will see in this scheme the term that is being used in the metadata model in Flanders you will see the correspondence with the data site term the link actually to the properties as defined in the 4.3 model of data sites then you will see an extra field where it's mandatory mandatory if applicable recommended or optional and here we already deviated from the data site scheme and this was required because the Frisk portal and thus this metadata scheme will be used actually to see how open science in Flanders is evolving so in order to do that there were some KPIs defined and based on these KPIs some of these metadata fields are really required in order to allow for an automated measurement on these KPI measures so this already was something we contextualized if you wanted to say and there also is some indication whether this has been realized according to a KPI implication or not then there were also some discussions going on on the values that are allowed actually towards these identifiers so if you would have a look at the one of the previous slides I will share my slides later on you would see that in the data site scheme the preferred value for an identifier is DOI while here in Flanders we also allow for other identifiers in order to ensure that the metadata and the data can be found the definitions and the value and examples we used are most of the times quite in line I would say with data sites sometimes some additions have been made but examples and use cases are being are being brought up and added to the model in order to ensure that we have all a common understanding how to use this metadata fields so we had also some expansions on the metadata model as I just told you about and these metadata model expansions were three fields that were deduplicated and three new fields that were inserted so we have deduplicated for instance the metadata field on description basically towards one that is abstract and another one is description and description is a more formal technical description while the abstract is being used in Frisk in order to allow for searches so in this way we can ensure that for instance the description slash abstract can be made an obligatory fields a mandatory fields while the other description is for instance optional this has been done towards that field with regards to subjects there was also a distinction made between research discipline and keywords research disciplines are being used as filters on the Frisk portal and keywords are used in the search terms so these are two different fields in Frisk and the one none coinciding with the metadata scheme of of data sites so therefore we deduplicated that subject fields the third one we deduplicated was the rights fields we have made an expansion towards on the one hand the licenses on the data and on the other end the access rights towards the data so this is also the licenses and the access rights can be also visualized here and these are being used in the KPI implications so we needed some more detail level than what was available basically in data sites so if you look at the access rights we have here now values open embargoes and restricted or closed these are really values that are imposed on the Flemish level but not not present in the data site model but they allow us for measuring the KPI that's required to be measured as from 2022 and you will see then because it's a KPI request it's a mandatory fields if you look at the license fields what that has become that's for there are for instance values like there's no license it's a 0 0 cc 0 license or a cc by a 4.0 license so this is another kind of license that is possible and there will be a list made actually with some with some values in that that can be used for now this is recommended but as from 2023 this will be mandatory due to the fact that it has been taken into account with regards to the KPI monitoring next to that we also had three new metadata properties so one of them was the open format which is not existing in in data sites one on the legitimate opt outs options and one on the fair data label all of the three also coincide with the KPI implications that we have in Flanders so meaning that we are not only have created a metadata model based on an international standard data site 4.3 we have contextualized it to the Flemish context we have ensured that we know what's mandatory obligatory optional are recommended but we also have extended the metadata model towards a manner that can be used in order to automate KPIs on open science in Flanders that being said I'm not yet there but almost what is next next is we have to implement this we have to implement this and one this has to be due this has to be due by December 31st of 2021 this year does so that means that we have to ensure that the metadata model is built in in Fris but also in these 25 to 27 stakeholder systems secondly we have to ensure that the linkage between the metadata fields of data for instance and projects are also uh yeah linking towards each other in order to measure the KPIs this means in fact that the project metadata model had to be extended with a DMP attribute and a DMP identifier so this is the work that we have currently presented and this brings me to my conclusion that we have created a Flemish application profile for metadata standards based on data sites 4.3 the standards but we have contextualized it to the Flemish understanding we have ensured that semantics are correctly understood and unambiguously understood by all but are being used in the information and thirdly we have ensured that also metrics can be drafted for that in order to see how open science in Flanders is evolving that's being said I open the floor for questions there are already two questions in the chat one from Jochen and one from Peter let me quickly check where the where I can see the questions can you read them in the meanwhile yeah sure sure so Jochen asks I would like to know more where first order logic is used in the Fris metadata data schema yeah that is something that's a question quite in depth so we will I will come back to that later on maybe so I think best that Jochen that you sent me an email in order to discuss that and the second question where can you find that yeah I see it in the public chat Peter asks is it possible that the repo isn't public that can be the case because at first glance this was a private conversation until we had a common metadata model yeah but I will ensure that that it's available on a public place yeah if you want to drop me a line I can send you the information and so it's not a not the secrets to you know if Brussels the West also has the same system of metadata so I don't know so for now Brussels at least doesn't have as an information portal on research information so at the balloon part they also they are creating something like that but it's not so in Flanders we're quite let's say ahead of things in the way that we have already an information portal on several of these research information objects this is not the case in the balloon region nor in the Brussels region and we're also one of the first actually to have the metadata model implemented in such a information model together with metrics on open science this is also hardly done would it be hard yeah would it be hard to copy paste the same methodology no the methodology is is is not rocket science I would say it's about discussions in between stakeholders and often be going and ensuring ensuring that the heads are in the same direction basically first that needs to be put and then you can go and roll down to the details and to contextualize everything are there also questions there is a question in the chat from mark and also from Jochen I take a data site is is that a question that is yeah it's now based yes that's correct mark and then the second one of mark are there any relations normal yeah which regards to as they decad AP there are no I mean application profiles for research data at this point in time so they have them indeed for open government data but research data is lacking there and that's the reason why we're also participating in conferences like the endorsed conference in order to ensure that research data would also be established as an application profile there what we do have is for instance communities like Eurochris that's an international organization for common European research information formats the link to that one is here and these communities are building actually these common metadata models and that's the have semantics with them aligned the the metadata standard that they are using is and creating a Siri is this not too much isolating research from government data and the Google World Wide Web yeah in some part it is on the other hand there are initiatives coming in like this endorsed conference and the particular purpose there was actually to bridge the gap between all these different initiatives are coming up because I mean metadata standards are popping up like mushrooms from from the ground but the big the big thing is actually to how to combine all these metadata standards together how to create some kind of over a metadata model on the metadata models let's say and this needs resources these names time these money but also speaking together in the same language and this is quite hard at point in time because there's no instance that's actually providing this money so that was actually one of the things that came out of the discussion of the conference this week yes that's true mark and there is also one question from Jochen a bit yeah yeah it's been defined on what you have this is doing the extended series model yes and we'll continue to use the extended series model for days that's that's true yeah mark is again typing you can turn on your mic if you want mark maybe that's easier or anyone else if you have a question you should be able to hear me now yes we hear okay always pushing three buttons coming back to the fact that fris is now making their own xml schema I heard a complete explanation about about where you are deviating from data sites is the end results than in either direction compatible or I mean if it validates okay it's not because we have we have some for instance fields so if you have a deduplication yes you can do that but if so for some entries for instance like the open format there's there is no nothing there yeah we can put it on the format but that's not exactly what we actually intend with our thing so yeah I would say no no okay there are three fields yeah there are left for instance also the legitimate opt out this is something that's being discussed quite often actually in the european context because they think it's really valuable to have this kind of information but because no classification exists nobody is ever trying to get it in so while it actually is already providing very valid information on why people are not opening up their their research data and could provide some indications for drafting a policy on that and the third one is the fair data label and the fair data label who is aware of the research context and all the projects that's going on fair and you know that there's quite some discussion and debate going on on what the fair data label would mean and how this even can be included so there are for instance there are you can measure fair on the level of the metadata but more oftenly the fair is measured on the level of the data itself and then the question also comes down to what fair are you actually measuring and are you focusing first on the on the findable and accessible or are you also taking into account intrapropable and reusable and what policy measures are behind that when you're actually wanting to measure fair so that's the reason why most of the time you we will never ever experience actually someone having the fair included yet but I I think for fair there will be a counterport whether that will be then exactly the same as we will have in Flanders that's another question maybe I can come back to the to the link data as well are there any plans at first to I know there is something like a decad AP mapping for data site I don't know is there is there already something in the plan to go that route not yet because in the Flemish open science board we're trying to do many things at the same time in order to get this actually off the ground and while this is very valuable to do that we did not yet have this into our scheme yet also another question from Jochen in the chat yeah he's interested in the mapping between data site and serif that's something that's currently going on in the eurochrist group so there are also serif guidelines on that so I can send you maybe the the guidelines later on Jochen if you drop somewhere your mail address that would be great and an answer from Pascal to marx question but I think we have reached also that our time for today or for this session we said it would take 45 minutes so I suggest that I stop the official recording and we can keep the chat going for maybe a minute or two longer if there are more questions a with story on the european open science