What we'll look at now are two different types of systems that are quite important within thermodynamic analysis, and those are the systems that we'll be looking at. First of all we have closed systems, and these are sometimes also called fixed mass systems, and they're called that because mass cannot cross the boundaries of one of these systems. So as an example, let's say we have a piston cylinder device, which is a very popular one that we'll use within thermodynamics, and if we have some stoppers here that are holding the piston at a given point, let's put some weight on it so that provides a load, and within our cylinder let's imagine that we have a gas. Now what we will often do is we will draw a boundary around our system. So in this case the boundary would be along the walls of the cylinder, and our gas is inside. Now we can have a couple of things, another term that we will have here, we'll refer to that as being the boundary, and out here everything outside of our boundary we will refer to as being the surroundings. Now with a closed system you can have a couple of things crossing the boundary, and those are the two things that are within the first law of thermodynamics for a closed system, and if you recall we talked about heat, so the capital Q, and work. Now work can go either into or out of a certain system. In this case what we will be doing is we'll be showing a schematic of putting work in, and we're going to do that with something that is referred to as being shaft work. So we're rotating a propeller in this case, which is inside of our system, and it would be heating up the gas on the inside, and in the process what we are doing is we're doing work, and we denoted that with a capital W. So in a closed system work and heat cross the system boundary mass cannot, and that's why we call it a fixed mass system. So that is referred to as being a closed system. The second type of system that we will look at is the open system, and this is a system whereby mass can cross the boundary of the system. So to draw a schematic of an open system, let's say we have some inlet, we have some device that we have not defined. So this might be a turbo machine for example, such as a turbine or a compressor or a pump or anything like that. Just like with the fixed mass system we have the boundary. Here we're going to draw another boundary. However this boundary is a little different because mass actually can cross that boundary. And we refer to that as being the control surface, and within the control surface we sometimes refer to this as being the control volume. If you've taken a course in fluid mechanics you have probably done control volume analysis by applying the momentum or the energy equation. Very similar concept here. So what we have is we can have mass crossing the boundary. So let's say we have mass flowing in and mass flowing out. What we will do when we do our analysis, we always have to describe the conditions of the fluid coming into and leaving an open system. And quite often what that means is we will prescribe the pressure, the temperature, and the velocity. And in this course what I'll try to do is use a fancy V for the velocity. We'll be using a little V for this specific volume that we'll introduce in a few minutes. And on exiting we have pressure to, temperature to, and velocity at 2. So that describes the fluid leaving. The other thing that we can have here just like with the fixed mass system we had heat and work flowing across the boundary. Well here we can have heat and work flowing across the control surface. And what we would have, we will denote it as a Q, but we're going to put an over dot, a dot above the Q, and that denotes a rate. So the units of this, unlike for the fixed mass system where it was joules, here it will be joules per second because it's a rate. Or sometimes we refer to that as being a watt. And at the same time we can have work crossing the boundary again, a capital W with an over dot, and the units joules per second or watts. So that is the open system, and that's another type of system that we will be applying and studying throughout this course. We'll look at both fixed mass or closed system, and we'll look at open systems. And both of those would have their own form of the first law of thermodynamics that we will be applying.


God's beauty is all around us and my goal as an artist is to capture and interpret that beauty on canvas and to take you the viewer along with me on this painting journey. Hello and welcome to Painting Journeys. My name is Kitty Lynn Klisch and once again we're here in the studio and we're about to take a journey to a very old mission in San Gabriel, California. But first of all I want to tell you a little bit about how I finished up our home on the Mississippi, our last episode. So I'll just show you a little bit. I as you can see there's a I brought it to a little more finish. I didn't really change anything. I just put a few places where there was some sky showing through and heightened up the the the pillars that are that it's that it's standing on and some little you know branches and everything down here in the foreground. Didn't really have to do a lot with that one. It turned out you know it pretty much painted itself I like to say. So anyway, today we are going to the San Gabriel mission in Southern California. San Gabriel is right outside of Los Angeles and this is the like I said this is the San Gabriel mission. This is just one view. It is a huge place. In fact some years back it was hit with a an earthquake and there's a whole new section to it that has been built on to it. So it's much larger now than it originally was. Originally when not too long after the mission was built it looked like this and I'm showing you a picture now of the way the mission looked in the very beginning and after the the Spaniards came and they founded it and then the Franciscans took over and the the Indians that were there they were the workers. So they were the souls that were there working. So anyway I have it sort of sketched on in some pale acrylic. I did this this morning in about five or ten minutes of which you can tell. I don't know how accurate it is but it does give me kind of an idea of where I want to go with this. But first of all I would like to just read you a little bit about what it says on this sign right here because I found I found that very very touching. Saludos amigos. We witness here the beginning of a new civilization wherein Christianity was introduced to a pagan sphere some 190 years ago. The nearly two centuries this Garden of Peace has been a haven for the weary travelers, adventurous pioneers and builders of the magical desert. Here trod the daring red skin, the blithe spirited Mexicano, the valiant Spanish soldier and the venturesome americano. Here you are welcome forget your cares and troubles as you relive the early days of the Western world. So I kind of would like you to be in that frame of mind as we talk about this painting and my journey there as we're painting it. First of all now it's the same palette that I always use, same layout. I don't vary and there's a good reason for that. If I vary I might get confused. So I'm really glad you join me today. We're gonna have a nice time kind of stumbling and bumbling our way through this across this canvas. I'm a little disappointed in my printer because I tried some ink that had been repurposed in my printer and instead of going out and buying the new stuff somebody told me oh try this it'll work just fine you won't have any problems at all and after about a half a dozen printings of this painting or this photograph here that I'm going to be painting from I could not get it to get any darker than this I could not get it to to really be the color that it was it was much much darker and of course then another thing too the day that I was here it was an extremely hot sunny day and everything already had sort of a bleached out look to it and I think that's definitely coming through in our photograph we're gonna take a little bit of liberty with that because we don't really want to just copy the photo we really want to give our impression of what we saw what we saw what we see and how we feel about it all of that goes into your painting what you see what you feel how it touches your heart your soul it all goes in there I'm making one heck of a big pile of gray here is it close no it's a little too yellow yet so I'm still working I'm adding the paint gray and then I add a little bit of the yellow ochre and I'm trying to bring this down I don't want it to be in the background there I want it to be very very soft and I'll see that got a little yellow on me that's how you do that if you want to you know try to match a color somewhat just mess maybe a little bit of red just looks dead I don't like that color I want it to have some pizzazz now let's see okay that's not bad and I'm not gonna I might end up doing a little bit of palette knife work on this but for right now what I really want to do is just get these areas blocked in as much as possible this is a little darker up here where I'm going to go and I want I want to just like I said just block it in with with a thinner coat of paint and then I think I better go for my sky next then I want to come back in and give it more of a stucco look we may not have time to entirely complete this painting today or bring it to a good place this may be a two-part show but only time will tell if it's going to be a two-part episode or not I don't mind doing a two-part episode because I can really go much further in depth with you and show you you know what I'm talking about but then on the other hand it's it sometimes can get a little lengthy for you all right here just talking away to myself do I like that sky yeah I like this guy maybe not maybe I just remembered something that sky in California I'm not going to paint all of the smog it's very very smoggy in California it's very seldom that you get to see a blue sky but I want this to be a little bit bluer and dream a little bit try to paint it like it used to be oh now we've got a nice knocking sound that'll drive us all crazy for the rest of the show so the Spaniards were the ones that explores that came up and founded this this place and they sent a father who know her Sarah to be the first person or priest to try to make a Christians out of the Indians and get them to work they had a quite a once they had the the Christian or the the Indians had accepted the the faith and the food and everything and how that came about as now this is a legend and I'm just repeating the legend to you but how that came about was when father and his father Sarah and his group arrived there the Indians and they were called the Gabriel Gabriel Lee Lino's for the San Gabriel Valley I guess anyway they were going to stop them not let them come out come you know go any further and father Sarah put a painting of which was not uncommon for them in those days they carried these religious paintings around with them very carefully as they traveled from place to place anyway he put this painting of the holy mother of sorrows down in front of the lady on the ground in front of the Indians they were so taken with this painting that they backed up and let them go forward and so that painting even to this day hundreds of years later still hangs in the older part in the in the the main part of the of the old church in the sanctuary that painting is still there it's really it's really something and how the Indians they thought the painting was so beautiful that it convinced him right then and there to let the priests come forward and so I I my own idea of that is they were probably very very peaceful of a very peaceful nature because they came and and they worked and they learned Christianity from Father Sarah in fact and I think it was 1939 there was a statue of Father Sierra I'm gonna show you a picture of that now this this is a statue of Father Sarah and who founded the mission and he if you look carefully you can see in the background there's an olive tree that olive tree is the oldest olive tree on on the land of the mission and what they the mission Father Sierra what what they specialized in was lamp oil as the other missionaries came and went further north up and down California the state of well what is now the state of California and opened up other missions they actually got their oil from the olive trees the orchards the olive trees that Father Sarah and his Indians Christian Indians what they they planted and made and he produced all of the they produce all of the oil for the for the missions 21 of them there were let's see here I want to get this shape it's a little bit redder excuse me my quietness I'm thinking really hard it's kind of an important part here I'm trying to paint that doesn't look right but darker and darker still and this is more rounded and in here we have quite a dark shadow right in here oh you can hear me whispering to myself I'm sure yes and then we're gonna have some sky down here it's gonna be a little lighter as it comes down we have some sky over in here and right in here all right we just keep coming down with this here this is coming down to about here I think and then there is a almost need to outline things here to get them to be able to be seen this is going like this it's a little different shape in this little piece right here and there's a bright highlight on it right here and that comes down like that we have the wall and I'm going to make the wall just a little bit more orange here over here maybe a little violet would work so you know it's painting is truly a journey you it's trial and error it's all just trial and error you you think well maybe this will work and if you're lucky it does and then sometimes it doesn't work okay we're just gonna I'm just gonna go over this and block this in I can always wipe out afterwards where my where my little pot and the other little sign if I even decide to leave those in there I may not I may not put leave those in there because it may just be too much but I do want this to be a corner right here right there a little lighter here now this is that dark stuff again and it's coming here and down now I see this pot here I see the pot I see the the green we growing out of it and everything I'm not gonna worry about that because I can use my my wipeout tool and and fix those things later now then right under here right about here we have a darker edge this should be darker right here too so now in this place they have the the old church you know the the one that is and it was so phenomenal that most of the old church was not harmed in the in the earthquake but they have the the old church and then they have the new church and that they've added on to because there's just a lot of people that in the area that attend mass there the grounds are huge there's gardens everywhere and they have restored areas certain areas and you can take tours through here when I lived in California I used to attend mass here at this mission I always thought it was quite a quite a treat to to get to go to the mission for especially for the special masses every year they have a giant fiesta and where I mean it's just like a two-day thing and it takes the whole street is fabulous music and food and dancing now we need a little dark coming right here where this window is and then some light over it now I know I have my green in here but I don't want to put it in just yet because it's going to bleed if I put that in now that's going to bleed and I don't want to make that mistake of having a green mission so I'm waiting for those things and just just trying to block in the big the big areas now all of the detail that you see I'm trying to leave that for later okay and then let's see we have darker down here a little red in it and I'm just going to come down and narrow that sign up because I don't want the sign to go off the side of the of the canvas even though I that's not what I'm seeing here in the photograph I'm going to do that because I don't think it would be good composition that's the other thing you know you have to constantly be aware of of what kind of composition you are building up is it is it going to work read correctly and I see right in here this little dark is coming right there that makes that little corner right there okay now then we have some of the reddish dark right here this cast shadow that's kind of coming across here and it's there and then it's coming back here all right maybe a little blue in there might work a little better make it have a little different tone there we go and the shadows coming down here and and it comes here that's the bottom and this is kind of a rose color that's really pretty down there it's too bad there it's that's so far low so far down on the painting because that's kind of a rose color right in there and these little bits of okay let's see now all right I think what we'll do now is get hard some of our dark greens in and for the tree in the background here I'm going to have to scoop up my pal a little bit this is wow it grew really did it went everywhere that's one thing you know if you're a painter you've got to use paint that's for sure this next picture I'm going to show you is a part of the grounds and I wanted to tell you about that the olive there's olive trees and the seedlings of the olive grove which once produced the oil for fueling of the lamps and then there's an orange tree that was planted there in 1980 because the Franciscans moved on and the Claritians they planted the first Valencia orange grove there at the mission and then the Franciscans had already used cuttings from Spain and planted you know the same oranges so anyway and they also planted fig and plum and pomegranate and all of those things flourished in the early days and I had to I already told you about the oldest olive tree that was planted in the 1860s by a father bot as time moved on and now how do they get water out there in the mission how in the world and out there in the desert of Southern California did they get water to water all these beautiful trees and plants and grapes and everything that they grew because you know that they needed a lot of water in order to sustain you know groves of grapes and they got that by building an aqueduct and they laid clay pipe well here let me show you another picture this is a picture of the the well and and the early the aqueduct in the early days of the mission the only water supply came from Wilson Lake crudely built clay pipes brought the water from the open ditch to the aqueduct from where the water was piped to the tannery and to the kitchen on the mission grounds and such engineering skill is displayed in the building of this water system and it was from these crude beginnings that the desert land was made to bring forth an abundance of fruit that's really tremendous that they had the ingenuity and the skill to think to do this and and turn Southern California into a rich farmland at that time just going to mass this in a little bit and I and you'll notice that I'm using a little bit of a brownish looking green because the olive trees are not a bright green they're a brownish green and I definitely I don't know if this is an olive tree or not but I know that in my painting I wanted to be an olive tree so and then I'm going to come back on there and make a few I'm going to have some real dark in here right back in here and now then I'm going to take a piece of paper and I'm going to crumple it up I know it sounds terrible doesn't it sorry about that guys okay I'm gonna take a piece of paper and I make some some more paint and of a grade lighter green and to take the paper dob it with paint and come up here I'm sorry about all the noise kids just can't be helped you know maybe if I hum to you while I'm doing this and I'm gonna try to make something that that represents all those little branches that we're seeing up here that will pop that out and make it look more more true to life maybe just a little bit lighter in one this one area here there we go now we have no place to throw this I'm not gonna hold it so I'll just lay it right down there and we'll go on all right that doesn't look too bad needs a little dark to without the dark the light doesn't look light enough I'm losing it but don't tell anybody gosh I'm glad you joined me today you probably feel like you're getting a history lesson as well as a as a little painting lesson and and journey but you know this this is the kind of stuff that's really important to me I love it and I hope you do too yeah that looks a little better with a little dark popped in there here and there okay don't touch it too much kitty I always have such a tendency to over do and that just makes me so mad about myself all right I think we can put this green over here now too and that will and it's very dark on the bottom here so I'm just kind of like laying the brush on because I don't I don't want it to be big big big shapes I want it to look you know as I in other words the way that I approach laying in the paint I want that to be describing the object the feel of the object and that's what's really important to me now then I can come up with some of this other lighter stuff that I have and I can push up in here and I and I've got I've got my base and you know and it doesn't matter if we go up a little higher if we choose to have a little more of the greenery show that doesn't matter there okay now all we have to do is come back and make a highlight on our wall right there there we go now that puts the greenery behind the behind the the wall like it is rather than in front of it and then I'm gonna take just a little tiny bit of a shadow so that you get the feeling that the wall has a little bit of a light striking on the top of it I'm gonna darken this right in here and raise it up some there we go all right and then down in here we have some lovely kind of a pinkish reddish tile that is so old you just so you just faintly whoops not dark and I'm not light enough you just faintly see the color of it and I showed you the picture of the aqueduct and I talked to you about that I don't want to forget anything today let's soften that line okay I wish this picture would have turned out as dark as colorful as I saw it on my camera really bothers me so I guess kids the this the final solution there is don't buy rebuilt cartridges for your printer because they don't work so now that's our little shadows and stuff all right we're coming along pretty good here let's see we have some real light right in here and that's coming like this and that's about the same color as this is too comes like that and then this is coming down like this feeling like I'm sort of like I'm building it trying to whoops I just heard my camera girl yawn I hope you're not yawning at home made her laugh oh I do hope you're not yawning at home okay it's coming it's coming let me see here some a little bit of reddish bricks and we've been I think we've only got about 20 minutes left so we're doing pretty good really I think a little reddish bricks coming right there now we're not gonna you know make little individual bricks I'm trying really hard to stay loosey goosey that's what we want today loosey goosey I gotta be a little redder though don't you wish you had my job just travel around and then have fun painting places and making things up just standing here gabbing away it's fun I have a good I have a good job I guess I wouldn't really call it a job it's my passion it's what it is passion what's your passion I hope is watching my show that would be nice and some shade in there I'm not quite sure what's going on there yet so we'll just knock that down just a tad there we go okay let's see here let's get something on this on this sign here oh wow that was fun look at that I just grabbed some of that red and put it right there and look at how that pops that's exciting to me when that happens we gotta tone it down though it's a little too much all right let's see here we have I better on second thought I better do the inside first because I know what I'll do I'll mess it up there we go now I'm not going to put the writing on it I read you what the sign said so you already know what what it says so I'm not gonna read I'm not gonna put the writing on it I will indicate the writing when I take it home in my studio to my studio to to finish it and you'll have to be sure I think yeah this is this is this is not going to be a two-part show this is going to be completed today and in my studio at home and I will bring back the finished product to you show you at our next show and Lacey says I have 15 minutes so I better kick it whoops that's not the right direction bring that up like that down like this oh my as soon as I saw that sign I got nervous let's see here and this goes down like this there we go that's good enough for now so about the only thing that we have left to really worry about right now is what is back in in here and now I don't know if you can see this or not but there's this so many different types of cactuses on this property and some of them are so old and curled up they you know they they look like snakes I mean they're just really it's it's really something the different types of cactus that are back here so I've never seen anything like like that before let's see here we have a little splash of something well first of all I think I better see that's what happens when you're just kind of thinking out loud confused okay we have some green in here and I think that is probably from that tree over here so I don't want to make it too solid and I'm not going to be able to put this this wrought iron fence on until after this sets up a little bit if I try to do that on I will really mess it up now we have some nice light green on the lawn there's a walkway there and there's some light green in the background there and then we have some yellow green right back over in here the plant that's behind here when I come back in I'll be reinforcing my edges and everything this goes all the way off here because it looks like it's a little tiny sidewalk whoops so this is going to go over to here gonna go like this then there's kind of an orange orangy reddish bush back in here and like I said we'll we'll fix all that up later I want to definitely put that snake cactus in then I'm seeing back there so I might just take my blue and come down here so I can do that he's such an unusual looking thing now we're going to have the door over that and this little bit of business right there and right here we're going to have a little bit of the alizarin crimson the darker alizarin crimson right in here whoa there we go bright bright bright can't get away from it there we go that's what we want a little something in here to kind of pick that up we have a little sidewalk and so that is right there and the little sidewalk coming right off of here and it should be very very light because the light is hitting that very strongly and then if we want to make this look a little bit more like grass we just take the the brush and I'm just poking and playing right now but we take the brush and we just push it up a little bit add a little bit of dark down here and it'll look a little more like grass there we go we got a little sidewalk back there now all we need is our little gateway and we've got this beautiful red pot let's see what we can do with that just at least get something with a little bit of of color in here now he's going to have a shadow underneath him and he's going to have this beautiful adobe red not particularly crazy about that plant so I'll make one up just so that we can have some something exciting there to kind of show that it's cactus that's what we want there is a little cactus see I think that looks better and I'm sure you do too of course what are you going to do you're not going to argue with me there at home all righty there we go there's our little cactus and let's see here this needs to come over just a bit there and then we need a nice little highlight right about here there we go that needs to be a little darker behind right in here okay all righty let's see here yeah I think that would look kind of nice when I think when I get home to my home studio I think I will kind of doctor this up a little bit I like a little more color in there yeah there we go now that doesn't look too bad maybe we can put another little pot right here real quick okay she says I have five minutes all right five minute pot coming up okay right here and it needs some red I do hope that you tune into the next show and watch so that you can see how how this finished up and also I wanted to tell you I have some exciting news you can now purchase videos of painting journeys for the first time since I've been doing the show we're now offering painting journeys so if you'll read the credits at the end of the show that will tell you how to go about getting your own personal autographed copy of painting journeys isn't that exciting yes all right I hope to hear from a lot of you oh I like what I did there that's fun okay yeah so anyway what did I tell you everything I wanted to tell you let me see okay oh I didn't show you the grapes on the pergola here's a picture of the grapes over hanging over this pergola and if you look really closely I hope you can see the grapes because they're they were so abundant when I was there it was just beautiful and those vines I mean how ancient are those vines and they're still producing like crazy so it's it's really something and I really thank you for for joining me today this has been so much fun journeying with you to the to the San Gabriel mission if you ever get a chance to go to California do stop by the mission and and just enjoy it's just the most wonderful place and all of those things that I shared with you today they have a lovely museum there where you can find that information and it's just it's just an awesome awesome piece of history of California history and of course being a California native that's kind of important to me so let's see here I see a little light right back there and I think I'm just going to paint right up until the last minute I really really hope that you will you know if I mean if the mood strikes you and you want to see this show again that you will purchase your own copy of it your own autographed copy of it would be great for gift giving too so that's kind of exciting I'm really glad that the station decided to make those available to you so okay oh you know what if I keep playing I'll mess it up I'm gonna leave it alone no I'm not I gotta do this right there and there okay all right that's it for today I'm so glad you're joining me and I hope you had as much fun as I did and once again this is Kitty Linclish with Painting Journeys and I will see you next time thank you for joining bye bye for now


Welcome to the GDSU Calculus Screencasts. In this episode, we'll consider a specific example of integration by substitution. Recall that integration by substitution is developed by undoing the chain rule for differentiation. The chain rule says that to differentiate a composite, f of g of x, we take f prime of g of x and multiply by g prime of x. And since anti-differentiation is the reverse of differentiation, we obtain the integral formula. Integral of f prime of g of x times g prime of x dx is f of g of x plus c. This is our substitution formula. And c here is an arbitrary constant that gives us all of the anti-derivatives of the integrand. Now in this screencast, we'll apply this technique of substitution to find an anti-derivative of 5 over 1 plus 25x squared. To apply the method of substitution, we try to recognize our integrand as a composite. So pause the video for a moment and see if you can rewrite the integrand as a composite of functions, and then figure out what substitution we might try. And as a hint, notice that 25x squared is the square of 5x. Resume the video when you're ready. Note that we can rewrite the integrand so that it has the form 5 over 1 plus the quantity 5x squared. And 1 plus the quantity 5x squared is the composite of 1 plus x squared with 5x, with 5x being the innermost function. So a substitution that we might try would be u equals 5x. Now go ahead and pause the video and try making the substitution into that integral to complete the integration. Resume the video when you're ready. Now we're trying the substitution u equal 5x. If we set u equal to 5x, that makes du 5 dx. Now when we make this substitution, notice that the 5x in red is our u, and the 5 dx in blue is our du. So we reduce the integral of 5 over 1 plus 5x squared dx to the integral of 1 over 1 plus u squared du. Now this last integral is one we should recognize as an arc tangent.  And to complete the integration, since we started with a function of x, we should wind up with a function of x. So we replace u with 5x to obtain the integral of 5 over 1 plus 25x squared dx is the arc tangent of 5x plus a constant. And we're done. Now one final note. With this integration process, we can always check our work by differentiating our result to see if we get the original integrand back. So in this case, we would differentiate our result arc tangent of 5x. And because we have a composite, we'd use the chain rule. Differentiating the arc tangent gives us 1 over 1 plus the square of what's inside. So we get 1 over 1 plus 5x squared. Then we have to multiply by the derivative of what's inside. That's 5. And that's exactly the integrand we had. So we've successfully found all the antiderivatives of 5 over 1 plus 25x squared. That concludes this screencast on integration by substitution. And we hope you'll come back and visit again in the future.


Guys in this video what we're going to talk about is How to overcome procrastination in your life Simply by restoring balance to it. So stick with me here and I'll explain what I mean So to start off with okay, there's a part of you that probably if you were anything like I was there's a part of you That probably doesn't want to hear what I'm going to say here Maybe I should have called this video something more exciting I don't know just to attract more people in because I sometimes I feel like it's this stuff about you know push yourself You're not working hard enough That resonates with people And from my experience It has very little to do with overcoming this issue. This issue is about balance. It's about boundaries It's about self-respect self-esteem But we're just going to talk about the concept of balance here in this video We can overcome procrastination by realizing we just need to restore some balance But you know, I just want you to accept that a part of you may be resistant to hearing this and that is because the issue of procrastination is that it Comes from a dominant need within you. It's a need that's out of balance. It's What need is it? It's one of your are very important emotional needs and it's the need for to take Responsibility for life. It's about the things in life that we don't want to do quite often So when we're talking about overcoming this issue, we realize, okay, we're going to try and restore balance What does that mean? Well a part of me is out of balance and that's because this dominant need for Responsibility is within us now. It's a very valid need to do the things we don't want to do That's a part of life. Absolutely. But when we're suffering with procrastination, this need has become Dominant or it's become almost tyrannical to an extent. Okay, so To start off here, it's like a part of you won't want to hear this This stuff this boring stuff about balance But I think maybe if we put it that way in terms of yeah balance comes from a need that has actually become dominant And we're simply trying to restore it That may be more helpful. So it's this dominant need for responsibility So another way to think about that is We have all these emotional needs within us. I have a book on my website about emotional needs. You can get it for free It tells you what your emotional needs are really but this need for responsibility If we have procrastination in our life, that's an issue this need for for responsibility It's in my model life. There's five basic emotional needs that we all have and This need for responsibility is seen as the kind of the golden child It gets a lot of our time and attention at least psychologically and emotionally even if not behaviorally, you know We're not actually acting on it, but it's with us emotionally and psychologically all the time so in that sense, it's the child that gets all the attention maybe it gets all the worry and There's a whole host of other emotional needs in there That because of this dominant emotional need are ignored. They're repressed or put away So if this is the golden child of all these other emotional needs, you can learn about those in the book But the there's one need especially that you know is the opposite of the golden child And it is the black sheep of the family and that is especially really what what you could call that is relaxation or spontaneity That's one of the other emotional needs This need is looked on as a liability. In fact, all our emotional needs other than responsibility Are seen as a liability If that need for responsibility becomes a dominant one okay, so we really Have to start to realize that balance is not this kind of lame boring thing. It's very important because When a need like doing things I don't want to do it's taking all my psychological energy When it becomes dominant We think that we can continue like this without Nothing changing the whole the only issue is these other emotional needs have a way to Stop you ignoring them. Okay, we can repress those needs for a long long time and If we ignore them if we repress them if we deny them if we don't validate them They will send emotions into the body to get your attention and those emotions if you know those emotional needs are ignored for long enough Will debilitate us. Okay, and they'll actually Sabotage your attempts to move forward with your productivity So this is kind of what I'm saying here about restoring balance to all your emotional needs to see them all as valid It's not really optional if we want to overcome procrastination certainly in the long run we kind of have to see all these emotional needs as part of the same oneself and Validate and meet them all now if that need for responsibility is causing you a lot of worry And it's because causing you to you know all your time and Psychological energy is going into thinking about that Really what we need to do is validate These emotional needs and continue to validate that need Sometimes people make the mistake of saying oh that need is getting me in trouble. It's become dominant in my life I just need to get you know kind of there's a backlash against it that need is a very valid need Okay, so when we were talking about restoring balance to your emotional needs We validated that need as well as the other ones and at a practical level It involves actually meeting all of these different emotional needs as I said you you can learn more about those in the book It's a very simple model that I use especially I have responsibility is one emotional need There is meaning purpose creativity your physical health There is a little bit of reflection that we need and also spontaneity or relaxation If we can find balance with all those needs you will find that now everything is working on the same Pay they're all in the same team. They're all kind of supporting each other There's less inner conflict and less competition amongst all our internal emotional needs If one of them becomes dominant All our time and energy gets driven into this need These needs start to feel resentful They start to feel neglected and they will then undermine our attempts to further meet this need This is what I'm talking about by balance. Okay Yeah balance people will sometimes talk about balance in terms of self-care and things and that's really what I'm kind of talking about here too Is actually doing things outside of productivity or Responsibility that not to see those additional things as liabilities that take you away from this But actually to see them now as ways to support your efforts to meet your responsibilities. Okay So balance is about looking at all the first of all knowing what your emotional needs are you can learn about that in the free book on my site and Then finding a way to to meet them all And balance them all so that there's less inner conflict that will experience. That's what balance is Practically speaking. It's like how am I how am I how can I do that on a practical level in my day-to-day life? So I'll give some tips in the book about that also But again, this is just another one of those videos I'm making here To tell you that if you're struggling with procrastination It's almost certainly not because you're lazy or you're not working hard enough You may be driving too much energy at least psychological Energy emotional energy into this dominant need all our worries going into it. Okay So it's it's kind of like the nervous system when this is the issue. We're anxious about it It's telling us really to divert all more and more energy into this Okay, and then that overwhelms the nervous system even more And we feel like we we're paralyzed and we can't move forward. So what I'm really asking you to try here is to pause that impulse to keep driving more energy into it keep, you know overplanning and keep making big intentions and big big goals and everything else and Sit back and kind of take a counter-intuitive approach here, which is to okay. I'm going to reverse things a little bit I'm going to try and meet some of my other emotional needs While still meeting this one and that involves, you know, carving out a little bit of time in your life away from Responsibility away from productivity. So if we can do that, we're starting to get on the right page and we will restore some balance Guys a short video today, but thanks for watching and I will see you again very soon. Take care. Bye for now


The title of our sermon this morning is predestined according to his purpose, predestined according to his purpose. Now this morning, again, we're in our ongoing series now entitled The Essentials. And in that series, we come to our subject of predestination. Again, our aim in this series by way of introduction is one sermon, one hour, one fundamental or foundational subject. Sermons that I pray will serve as helpful introductions to these subjects. That's all that they are, folks.  There have been volumes and volumes and volumes written about these. We've got one hour together to introduce this. I pray it's going to be helpful to you. I pray that for those of you who are new to the faith or new to our church, these subjects will help in your growth and development and your understanding and your worship. I also pray for my brothers and sisters that will be built up, that we'll have more knowledge of him who has saved us, that our worship would be fueled, that our praise would be informed. And these will serve as hopefully good reminders for our theology and practice here at our church. We, again, are loosely following the general course of our Confession of Faith, the Second London Baptist Confession of 1689. And so with that, we began our study of the Essentials with the Doctrine of Revelation. And we followed that with the Doctrine of God. And now under the Doctrine of God, we come to the subject or theme of predestination.  Absolutely appalled. Those crazy Calvinists, that subject, how could that be? How could they believe such a thing? That's nowhere in the Bible. Where did that crazy idea come from? And then found out that it's the twisted logic of some outlier 16th century cloistered heretic named Calvin himself. But he wasn't the first one or the only one. There have been many who have held to this. What I thought at the time was a crazy idea, a crazy notion. That's certainly not what the Bible teaches. And in a vast majority of churches, the word predestination conjures up images of God as a puppet master, pulling all the strings, trampling over man's free will, trampling irrationally over all the whosoever wills in the Bible and the for God so loved the world texts in the Bible. Are they just going to ignore those texts? Certainly they know those texts are in the Bible. Have they not read those passages? This is just a crazy, couldn't believe that this was possible that somebody would actually think these things. God arbitrarily, it seems, picking a select few to make it into heaven. And then unjustly, arbitrarily also rejecting everybody else and giving them no opportunity to come to Christ and be saved even though many of them would want to. It's just not right. I get to choose. I get to, this is America. I get to choose. Most evangelical households, the two topics off the table in polite conversation are politics, not politics in religion, but politics and predestination. You can't even talk about it around the table. Most evangelical households, many a pastor has been fired for even the hint of it in their sermons.  Your days are numbered, right? Many a church has been split when their efforts to fire the pastor has failed or proved fruitless. Many churches don't even know what church discipline is. Adultery, fornication, lying, stealing, cheating, division, gossip, slander, all get a pass. But your days are numbered if you think that God chooses who will be saved. For many, predestination joins a short list of other curse words you can't say in church. And yet, there it is all over the Bible, all over the Bible. Ephesians chapter 1 verse 4, just as He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world that we should be holy and without blame before Him in love, having predestined us to adoption as sons by Jesus Christ to Himself according to the good pleasure of His will. Ephesians chapter 1 verse 11, in Him also we have obtained an inheritance being predestined according to the purpose of Him who works all things according to the counsel of His will. John chapter 15 verse 16, Jesus says, you did not choose me but I chose you. Acts chapter 13 verse 48, the Gentiles were glad and they glorified the word of the Lord and as many as had been appointed to eternal life believed. Romans chapter 8 verse 29, for whom He foreknew, He also predestined to be conformed to the image of His Son. Romans chapter 9 verse 15, He says to Moses, I will have mercy on whomever I will have mercy and I will have compassion on whomever I will have compassion. So then it is not of Him who wills nor of Him who runs but of God who shows mercy. Second Thessalonians chapter 2 verse 13, God from the beginning chose you for salvation through sanctification by the Spirit and belief in the truth. We could go on and on and on and on. Right? Passage is aplenty with respect to predestination. All asserting God's sovereignty in predestination. In fact, predestination is a subject that we find mentioned, asserted, addressed, explained and taught from cover to cover in the Bible, Genesis through Revelation. So predestination, whatever it is, predestination sounds like something the revealed word of God reveals. In the text, in the passages, it sounds like something that God's word reveals. If predestination is a truth then revealed in the word of God, then we're not at liberty to simply put it on the shelf like some theological curiosity or theological oddity. You're not at liberty to ignore it and you can't use the defense of what you think is right to ignore those texts that assert it or ignore that good theology. At the end of the day, it doesn't matter what you think is right and it matters what the word of God says. We're not at liberty to continue walking in darkness and some with an effort to avoid this subject just want to insist on walking in darkness. This is shadowy something I can't quite understand. Listen, walking in darkness because it confronts their bad theology. They bristle against the truth of what God's word is asserting and they'd rather walk in darkness than confront the theological truth the Bible is revealing. We must labor to understand what God's word reveals to be true. Now, why would it be? Why would it be that people would want to ignore or avoid this subject? Many think that the study of the doctrine is not all that important anyway. The study of doctrine is not that important. Give me something practical, they would say. One will avoid studying the Bible. One will avoid books that get them into the Bible because they want just something practical. Give me something practical. Help me with my day-to-day life. That's the objection, isn't it? Automatically putting a doctrine like predestination in the category of not practical. How is this going to benefit me in my everyday Christian life? Someone might ask. My answer to that would be much in every way. Much in every way. Much in every way. It is intensely practical, this subject of predestination. Why is the study of God's revealed truth pertaining to predestination so important? Why would we take time to consider a doctrine like this?  He has given us all things that pertain to life and godliness.  It's important. Practically important. What he reveals is meant to glorify himself and we were created to glorify him. We should glorify him with informed understanding of what God reveals. What he reveals is meant to humble us and don't we need humbling. What he reveals is meant to cultivate our faith in him. It's meant to inform our worship, promote the holiness of his people. It leads to awe and wonder and joy and hope and peace and believing. It leads to a knowledge of him and our knowledge of him leads to our worship of him, our glorifying of him, our living for him. It's very practical in many ways. We'll talk about that as we go. I was appalled, aghast when I first was confronted with the subject of predestination. But like so many believers before me who had come to understand this truth from the Bible, I began to see the doctrine of God's sovereign predestination as immeasurably sweet, as immeasurably wondrous and glorious and good. Helps us to understand the nature of God's electing love, the nature of God's loving kindness, covenant keeping, faithfulness. It's been a great comfort to me in times of difficulty. When you go through adversity and trial, when you're battling discouragement or despair, this doctrine is immeasurably sweet, immeasurably good. It has caused me to see my right relationship to God and my need, ongoing need for grace and mercy and all things terminating in his glory. John Calvin himself said this. He said, this great subject is not as many imagine a mere thorny and noisy disputation nor speculation which wearies the minds of men without any profit, but it's a solid discussion eminently adapted to the service of the godly because it builds us up in sound faith, trains us to humility and lifts us up into an admiration of the unbounded goodness of God toward us while it elevates to praise this goodness in our highest strains. So in our time together this morning, I want to give you a brief introduction of the subject of the doctrine of predestination. I pray this introduction will spur you on to further study. The doctrine, the study is well worth your time and effort. And we're going to begin as we get into this subject. We're going to begin with an explanation of the doctrine from the text of Scripture. We're going to look at the relevant texts, some of the relevant texts, and then we're going to consider the application of the doctrine to Christian life and practice. Let's begin with an explanation now and look at some texts to help us understand. When defining the doctrine from Scripture, particularly this doctrine, it helps us to look at the words themselves. We need to understand the words involved and how they lead us to understand the doctrine of predestination. With that, turn with me to Acts chapter 2. And bear with me now as we begin to look at the words themselves that are given to us in the text of Scripture and how we are to understand them. As you're going, I encourage you to take notes, put these things together so that you can go back on your own and look at how these things lay out, right? They're very helpful to help us understand or form a biblical doctrine of predestination. Acts chapter 2. Drop down with me to verse 22. And let's begin there. Acts chapter 2 verse 22. Acts chapter 2, Peter is preaching his sermon at Pentecost. And in verse 22, Peter says this, Men of Israel, hear these words. Jesus of Nazareth, a man attested to you by God, to you by miracles, wonders, and signs which God did through him in your midst as you yourselves also know, him being delivered by the determined purpose and foreknowledge of God. It's an important statement. You have taken by lawless hands, have crucified and put to death, whom God raised up having loosed the pains of death because it was not possible that he should be held by it. Now, the first words that I want to draw your attention to are found in verse 23. Determined purpose and foreknowledge. Now, think with me, determined. The word determined is the Greek word orizo. It means to decide. He determined. He decided. Right? Pretty clear, pretty straightforward. Determined orizo means to decide. Purpose there is the word bule. It refers to God's will, God's intention. It refers to God's decree, what he decided. Right? His purpose, his will. Foreknowledge is the word prognosis. We have an English word, it's actually a Greek word. It essentially means a very similar thing, prognosis. It means predetermination, planning in advance of acting. It's what the word means in the Greek there. Determined purpose and foreknowledge of God. In other words, we use this example. This is a preeminent example in Scripture of the crucifixion of the Lord Jesus Christ, central to our faith. And even in that, the most grievous sin, the most grievous display of worldly wickedness in all the Bible, the crucifixion of the Lord Jesus Christ. What does Peter assert? Jesus Christ, verse 23, was delivered by the determined purpose and foreknowledge of God. The most heinous, grievous wickedness that could ever be done, the crucifixion of the Lord Jesus Christ was according to the determined purpose and foreknowledge of God. Now listen with me. These three words work together, verse 23, to convey a specific meaning here. God predetermines or plans in advance what will happen. That's foreknowledge, prognosis. It does not mean, it does not mean that God merely knows what will happen in the future. But God in advance plans, determines what will happen in the future. The action is decided or determined, or readzo, in accord with God's will, bule, what God intends to take place. Those three words together, determined, purpose, and foreknowledge, what you don't get is the idea that this was somehow a grand accident or that God merely foresaw what would happen in the future and somehow got good use out of that. Now what you get from determined purpose and foreknowledge here, even a first-time listener, you took someone who had no interest in the Bible, no understanding of the Bible, and you read that to them, how would they understand those words? God planned it, made it happen, brought it to pass, right? The determined purpose and foreknowledge of God. Now put yourself in the first century, the first century sandals, so to speak, those men of Israel hearing Peter's sermon. How would you have understood Peter's words in verse 23? There's no confusion. It's not shadowy. It's not doubtful. There's no room for misunderstanding. It's crystal clear what Peter is trying to say. Two things. One, the crucifixion of the Lord Jesus Christ was determined beforehand by the will of God. Determined purpose and foreknowledge. Do you see? Secondly, they're responsible for it. Their lawless hands have undertaken this wickedness. You've taken Peter says, by lawless hands, you've crucified, you've put him to death. In other words, they're responsible. What this speaks of is God's sovereignty and man's responsibility. Now we're going to get into man's responsibility more and even the issue of free will as we get into future sermons in this series. For purposes right now, just to introduce this doctrine to you, remember the doctrine of concurrence that we talked about under God's providence. Man's responsibility here falls under that doctrine of concurrence. Man acts. Man acts freely. Man chooses. Man decides the actions that he's going to take. And man is morally responsible for the actions that he takes. At the same time, in the actions that men take, God's will is done. And that's a great mystery how those things fit together. God's sovereignty and man's responsibility, but that's precisely what the scriptures reveal. The crucifixion of Jesus Christ determined beforehand by the will of God and they are responsible for their lawless part in it. Notice with me from Acts chapter 2 there, verse 23, that foreknowledge is not the same as foresight. Not the same as foresight. Some would say that, many would say, that God merely foresees what will take place and that predestination is related to what God foresees. That's not the case. Not what the Bible teaches. Now notice with me the contrast with David in the verses that follow. Look at verse 25. In verse 25, for David says concerning him, I foresaw. You see that from David. God determines wills predestines David foresees. With God there is foreknowledge, a planning previous to acting. With God there is a will that is decreed and then carried out by his orizo determined purpose. With David, David foresees. For David says concerning him, verse 25, I foresaw the Lord always before my face, for he is at my right hand that I may not be shaken. The word translated there foresaw in verse 25 is not orizo, which is determined, but it's prognosis. The word is pra-or-a-o. Pra-or-a-o, pra meaning before or-a-o, meaning see, fore-see. God, pra-or-a-o, determines before, David, pra-or-a-o, sees before. Do you see the difference between the two, the contrast between the two? God's action, and then what? David, David is a prophet. David's not God. David doesn't will things that come to pass. David foresees. He, pra, before, or-a-o sees. Foresees things that will come because he's a prophet and God reveals that to him. God is the one who pra-or-i-zo predetermines, do you see? Now, the text doesn't use that word for God, pra-or-a-o. Scripture continuously uses the word for God, not merely seeing before, but determining before. In other words, God is not a mere spectator of human events. In no way is God a mere spectator of things that come about. God initiates, God determines, God decrees all things whatsoever that come to pass. God's not a mere spectator. God doesn't respond to things that come about in history. Why? Because God is immutable. God is unchangeable. God has decreed all things whatsoever that come to pass. And then God is working out his decree through providence in time and space.  David doesn't determine before, as a prophet, David merely sees before. Look at verse 29, drop down to verse 29.  Therefore, verse 30, Being a prophet, knowing that God had sworn with an oath to him that of the fruit of his body, according to the flesh, he would raise up the Christ to sit on his throne. He, foreseeing Praorao, not Praorizo. Praorao, David, foreseeing this, spoke concerning the resurrection of the Christ that his soul was not left in Hades nor did his flesh see corruption. There are many who would say that God in his sovereignty, God, according to predestination, looks down the corridor of time, foresees what will come about, and then predestines in accord with what he foresees. Not the case. You can't get that from the words used in Scripture of what God is doing. God is predetermining. God is planning before. God is not merely Praorao. God is Praorizo. Flip the page and look at Acts chapter 4. Acts chapter 4. Drop down there with me. Acts chapter 4 to verse 27. And Peter essentially making the same point, bringing about these same words again now, beginning in verse 27, where the Bible says, for truly against your holy servant Jesus, whom you anointed, both Herod and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles and the people of Israel, were gathered together, verse 28, to do whatever your hand and your purpose determined before to be done. That is a staggering, astonishing statement of the sovereign control of God, the sovereign scope of God's control over the affairs of men. Look at verse 28. In verse 28, the word for purpose again is bule. It's God's will. Referring to God's will or intention, bule or God's will, psalema is another word, is what God intends to come about. And he intends it before it comes about. You see? He intends. That's his will. And the word therefore determined before, in verse 28, is pra-orizo. Same word. It's a word that means predestined. What he predestined to take place, what he determined before, or predestined to happen. Now that would have, they would have understand, would have understood these events to be clearly, to be determined or decided beforehand by God. Look at the context with me. Not merely there the crucifixion was decided beforehand by God, but all the events that led to that determined beforehand by God. Herod, Pontius Pilate with the Gentiles, the Romans, the people of Israel. They were all gathered together. Who were they gathered together by? Gathered together by God. They were all gathered, and they were gathered together by their own willful decision to gather themselves together and do something evil, right? They had their own evil intentions. It was said that the Jews delivered up Jesus because of envy. They delivered him up because of envy. That was their own envy. God didn't have to reach into their heart and work envy in their heart to make them do this wicked thing to fulfill his purposes and plans. They did that on their own. It was the overflow of their own wicked heart that produced that envy, and they acted in accord with their envy and they crucified the Lord of glory, right? Here, all that they did, all that they did, this is again the doctrine of concurrence, all they did was by the predetermined will of God. And what they did was whatever, that's verse 28, was whatever God had ultimately decided before to be done, predetermined, predestination, okay? Proorizo, determined before. There's simply no other meaning given to this word, and you can't argue with words, right? And what they're intended to communicate. Now, ordinarily, when we discuss a doctrine like this, it's not uncommon to find relative agreement when it comes to this understanding of God's sovereign predestination of human actions and events. The scriptures are very, very clear, and it's all over the Bible. God is sovereign. The Bible says that God works all things together after the counsel of his own will. So predestination, predestination is an operation of God's sovereignty, right? God is sovereign, and so he predestines, you see? He brings about his predetermined will then through providence, a subject that we discussed together earlier. So far, so good, right? So far, so good. Second London Baptist Confession of Faith, 1689, Chapter 3, Article 1, asserts this truth. I want to read it to you. God hath decreed in himself from all eternity by the most wise and holy counsel of his own will freely and unchangeably all things whatsoever that come to pass straight out of the Bible. Yet, so as thereby is God neither the author of sin, nor hath fellowship with any therein, nor is violence offered to the will of the creature. He doesn't have to, you know, puppet master them and turn them into little robots to get him to do what he wants them to do. They're acting freely. No violence is done to their will, nor yet is the liberty or contingency of second causes taken away, but rather established. We also talked about that in our Sermon on Providence, in which appears his wisdom in disposing all things in power and faithfulness in accomplishing his decree. Good definition of predestination. God decrees wills for ordains, predestines, virtual synonyms, operations of God's sovereignty, and he brings about that decree through Providence. Chapter 3, Article 2, although God knows whatsoever may or can come to pass upon all supposed conditions, yet hath he not decreed anything because he foresaw it as future or is that which would come to pass upon such conditions? In other words, God does not look down the corridor of time, spying out all of history, as though he were watching some play without a script, right? And then based upon the quote-unquote free actions of people make his determination based upon those things, God doesn't do that. God doesn't do that. Many having affirmed the obvious and clear teaching of the Bible with respect to these two statements, and many do, then rise up in protest against the third. Chapter 3, Article 3, By the decree of God, for the manifestation of his glory, some men and angels are predestinated or foreordained to eternal life through Jesus Christ to the praise of his glorious grace. Now we have a problem, right? All of a sudden now, is this a democracy or isn't it, right? What happened to my choice, right? Others, even more bristling against this last statement, others being left to act in their sin to their just condemnation to the praise of his glorious justice. And we have the two primary and preeminent components of predestination, namely election and reprobation. Those who are predestinated for ordained to eternal life through Jesus Christ to the praise of his glorious grace, others left to act in their sin to their just condemnation to the praise of his glorious justice. In other words, that which is predestined or the destiny which is determined beforehand by God involves those who go to heaven and those who do not. Do you see? And if God is sovereign, if he predestines all things whatsoever that come to pass, certainly the scope of all things includes salvation or the reprobation of men and women. God predetermines, pra or ridzo, predetermines those who go to heaven and those who do not. The destination in view when concerning the doctrine of predestination is heaven or hell. The primary concern of predestination that is the difference, really the difference between election, election, God's electing love. We'll talk about that in a sermon next week and reprobation, reprobation election has to do with God's choosing beforehand. Those who may predestines for eternal life through Jesus Christ to the praise of his glorious grace and has been called election. It's been called the crown jewel of the doctrine of God's sovereignty and reprobation. Reprobation has to do with God determining beforehand to leave others to act in their sin to their just condemnation and to the praise of his glorious justice. We'll look at some texts that talk about that in just a moment, right? God determines all these things beforehand. Now, even that fact is so clearly stated in the Bible that many simply concede that God does in fact choose some and leave others. It's just so clearly stated in the Word of God. You cannot get around it such that many will agree and concede that God does in fact choose. Why? Because the Bible says God chose. The real issue then, the real issue up for debate then becomes how God chooses. The real issue with predestination becomes how God chooses. Does God look down the corridor of time to foreseen faith in the person and then choose that one based upon their faith? It's called the prescient or prescient view of predestination. Pre-science or knowledge before based upon God's knowledge beforehand. Does he then predestine or does God determine beforehand those who would place their faith in Jesus Christ? They end up putting their faith in trust in Jesus Christ because it was predestined by God that they would do so. You see the difference between the two?  Entirely apart from that, God decided then whether he would bring you to faith in his Son or not bring you to faith in his Son. Your eternal destiny is predestined. Do you see? One reason for this given in Scripture is that man is dead in trespasses and sins. Man is dead in trespasses and sins apart from God's free-electing love, apart from God's grace, His working of grace, no one would come to faith in his Son. No one. No one. Salvation requires if we, if God's people are to be redeemed, then redemption, salvation requires, necessitates an intentional and active work of God's grace by which the dead sinner is given new life in Christ and is only then that they are able to repent and believe the Gospel. The basic question pertaining to these two views of predestination, among many questions with respect to this doctrine, is this? Is this? Is the determination of salvation in the final assessment, in the ultimate assessment, is the determination of salvation made ultimately by man? Or is the determination made ultimately by God? That's what it comes down to. Whatever views that you look at, there is the biblical view that that determination is made by God and there is every other view that is some form of a determination made ultimately by man. We have to decide between those two. That's the thrust of the debate. Not that God chooses. Most people, if they read their Bible, are going to agree that God chooses. It's how God chooses. Does God choose ultimately in response to an ultimate decision by man or is God the one who ultimately determines? Turn with me to Ephesians chapter 1. Ephesians chapter 1. And let's look at the text that was read earlier in your hearing. Ephesians chapter 1.  We are running out of time. Ephesians chapter 1. Look there beginning in verse 3. I'll just talk faster. Verse 3. Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ who has blessed us with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places in Christ. Praise God. He did all of that. Right? He did all of that. Verse 4. Just as He chose us in Him. Pretty clear. I don't have to, you know, do sort of linguistic gymnastics to help us understand what that's saying. Just as He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world, when were names written in the Lamb's Book of Life before the foundation of the world? There's this old hymn. I'm trying to remember the name of that hymn now that talks about how when someone comes to faith in Christ they walk that aisle, right? And when they give their heart their life to Christ their names are written down in the Lamb's Book of Life. That guy needs to read his Bible. It's a clear passage. Their names were written down in the Lamb's Book of Life before we can write a new hymn. We need to do that. That'd be a good exercise. Before the foundation of the world, for the purpose, verse 4, that we should be holy and without blame before Him in love. You could say that we were predestined to be holy and without blame before Him in love. The word translated in verse 4, He chose that verb is eklegomai. It's where we get our word elected from. Election, speaking of election. It's an heiress for you Greek guys. An heiress tense. An heiress tense is in the middle voice. In the middle voice it means that He chose for Himself. He chose on His own behalf. You could say in accord with His own will for His own purposes. He determined in Himself for Himself, right? Terminates on the glory of God alone. In fact, Paul, verse 4, pushes divine election and God's saving plan and purpose all the way back before creation, right? Before creation into eternity past where God alone existed. He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world, before creation. Now, notice the language of predestination in verse 5. Having predestined us predetermined, pra oridzo. Having predestined us to adoption as sons by Jesus Christ to Himself, for Himself, you see? According to their foreseen faith, no? According to the good pleasure of His will. There it is again. His intention. His thilema. Thilema, right? Verse 6, to the praise of the glory of His grace by which He made us accepted in the beloved. Look at all the work that God does. All the work that God does. Look here that we do. Nothing so far. All done by God. All of grace. Now, notice verse 5. Predestined verse 5. Pra oridzo determined before, not pra orao, or seen before, but pra oridzo determined before and solely according to the good pleasure of His will. Again, there were those who would argue that predestination concerns the church corporately or that predestination concerns nations and groups of people. But notice how personal and how individual these blessings are in Ephesians chapter 1, right? Verse 7. In Him we have redemption through His blood. We have forgiveness of sins according to the riches of His grace which He made to bound toward us in all wisdom and prudence. Now, when Paul uses the word us, he shows whom God has blessed with these spiritual blessings, right? And notice how personally these things, how personal they are, right? He chose me. He gave me every spiritual blessing. He predestined me. I am an adopted son in the kingdom. You are an adopted son or an adopted daughter in the kingdom. How personal, right? How intimate. Now, we're not talking about nations and organizations and the church corporate. Of course the bride has been predestined. But He means you personally, you individually, right? To the praise of His glory, He made me, you, accepted in the beloved if you've turned from your sin and put your faith and trust in Him alone, right? Notice how personal and individual. Verse 7. In Him we have redemption. We've been redeemed by the blood of the Lamb. The forgiveness of sins, my sins, not just the sins of the church at large, my sins, your sins. If you're in Christ, your sins have been forgiven according to the riches of His grace which He made to abound toward me, toward you in all wisdom and prudence, right? Through the person and work of Jesus Christ, I am redeemed. I am forgiven of my sin. I've been adopted. I have obtained that inheritance. Verse 11. Verse 13. When I heard the word of truth, I believed Him and I have been sealed with the Holy Spirit, with the spiritual and personal. Now look at verse 9 of them. Having made known to us the mystery of His will, His intention, the lemma, according to His good pleasure, not anything foreseen in us, not anything that merits it, according to His good pleasure alone which He purposed that word is pro-teethaming, planned, purposed, or the word teethaming means setting, put in place. It's set before hand, pro-teethaming. Purposed, set, placed before, predestined, in other words. It's a sin and aim for predestination. He predestined this in Himself. Verse 10. That in the dispensation of the fullness of the times, He might gather together in one all things in Christ, both which are in heaven and which are on earth in Him. In Him, verse 11. Also, we have obtained an inheritance being predetermined, predestined, pro-orezzo, according to the purpose pro-thesis, pro-thesis. You've heard of the word thesis before, haven't you? When you're going to write a paper, you formulate a thesis and then in that paper, you work out your thesis. Your thesis is what you've determined to prove. You're going to prove your thesis. Well, God forms a thesis. This is what's going to be and that thesis is determined beforehand. Pro-thesis is a similar way to what this word means in the Greek. He works this, being predestined according to the purpose, this beforehand thesis of Him who works all things according to the council of His will, the lemma. Just synonyms piled upon synonyms all making the same point. In other words, you can make this statement, you can make this point with one phrase or as Paul is doing in Ephesians 1 verses 3 through 14 to drive home to prideful, arrogant, foolish, worldly wise men that God is the one in control here and God is the one determining all things whatsoever that come to pass. He is going to writing this dead horse. You see? It's pounding this to say God is sovereign. God is sovereign. It's only then in verse 13 that anything we do comes into the picture. In Him you also trusted after you heard the word of truth the gospel of your salvation in whom also having believed you were passive, sealed with the Holy Spirit of promise who is the guarantee of our inheritance until the redemption of the purchased possession purchased in Christ's own blood to the praise of His glory. All of this is rooted and grounded in God. Now we'll discuss the doctrine of election more fully next week. I want you to see though through this Ephesians chapter 1 and turn with me now to Romans chapter 8, I want you to see that predestination in the Bible clearly extends to the salvation of sinners. Romans chapter 8 and look there with me at verse 28 Romans chapter 8 verse 28 Paul says, now we know we know why do we know? We know because the Bible asserts that it is so. We know because the Bible has revealed that this is true. We know that all things work together for good to those who love God, to those who are the called, the claytoss, the elect according to His purpose, prosthesis His purpose, His predestining you could say for verse 29 Whom He foreknew prognosco that again, planning prior to acting it's God's intention is what is met by the word foreknew there. Not for see pro arao but for knowing in terms of intending purposing and then acting. For Whom He foreknew He also predestined predetermined to be conformed to the image of His Son that He might be the first born among many brethren moreover Whom He predestined pro arizo these He also called Whom He called these He also justified Whom He justified these He also glorified William Perkins repeated to be the first Puritan described this as the golden chain of salvation. The golden chain of salvation because there's a chain of actions here. There's a chain of actions that takes place. Notice first in this change, in this chain there is a sequential order given to these actions foreknowledge, predestination calling, justification, glorification there's an order a sequential order given to the actions. Notice second the same group is involved throughout the same group is involved you could use all those and it would carry the sense of the passage all those He foreknew are predestined all those He predestines He calls all those He calls He justifies and all those He justifies He glorifies. You could put all for the group there that is necessary the implication of the text. In other words the text breaks down doesn't make any sense if you put some doesn't work not what's intended. Some of those He foreknew He predestined. Some of those He predestined He called. No it's not the point of the text the point of the text is that all of those that He's at work at in this way all of those are foreknown predestined called justified and glorified. Now that order that order begins, this is a summary if you will of the Order of Salutus the Order of Salvation is a summary way of talking about this. The order begins in verse 29 with foreknowledge but not for see or seen before but prognosco. He knows, intends plans, determines before and think about this with me for moments chapter 8. God doesn't predestine unknown people. That would make absolutely no sense. God doesn't predestine anything unknown to him. In other words, the mind of God comes before the decree of God in a natural order. He knows everything that he will bring to pass by his determined will. God doesn't predestine unknown people. All that God determines before, he knows before that which he intends in his mind and his wisdom. He then plans, purposes predestines what God decrees he knows and then he carries out his decree through providence in time and space. This text is often used, strangely enough, often used to defend the corridor of time argument against predestination. The prescient view of predestination, it can't be done. I think with me, we have to put our thinking caps on for Romans chapter 8 here. God foreknew a certain group of people. He foreknew a certain group of people. He doesn't foreknew all people because if you follow the order, not all people are justified, not all people are glorified, right? He foreknows a certain group of people. Those whom he foreknows he predestines them, predetermines them. And those whom he has predestined, God then calls. The word called here used in several ways in the Bible. Jesus himself said that many are called fewer chosen. There is an external call of the gospel given to all people. The gospels preached to all. It's a gospel call to all. It's an external call to the gospel, okay? Some believe it, some reject. What he can't be referring to in Romans chapter 8 is the external call to the gospel. In other words, if everyone who heard the gospel was then called, everyone who heard the gospel would be then predestined, called, justified and glorified. He's not talking about the external call. What is he talking about? He's talking about the internal call. The work of the Holy Spirit on the heart of an unbeliever to cause them to be born again, to turn from their sin, to put their faith and trust in Jesus Christ. Those are those whom God has called. The internal call of God is what transforms their heart, right? The work of the Holy Spirit in them causing them to be born again. This calling is contrary to justification. It's a prerequisite. It comes before justification and it comes before justification in the order in our text. We are justified, we know from Scripture, by faith. Justified by faith alone in Christ alone. Only those who have faith are justified. That means that only those who have faith are then glorified. Do you see? The order in the flow of the text. This means that if the call of verse 29, if the call of verse 29 is the external call to the gospel, then everyone who hears the external call of the gospel is justified. We know that not to be the case. We know that's not true. There are many who hear the gospel and are not saved. So then verse 29, speaking of the internal call of God, but only those only those who respond inwardly in faith to the outward call of God are justified and then glorified. Notice now then. The internal call comes after foreknowledge and after predestination. In the prescient view, God knows all of those who will respond to the external call of the gospel and then he predestines and in time he justifies. In other words, the order is twisted. Where's the call? The verse explains that God predestines people to be called inwardly and then those called inwardly are then justified and glorified. You see how that fits together? We need to think about that. Meditate on that this afternoon in your fellowship. Over your lasagna, think about Romans 8, 28, 29 and the order in which God works and the prescient view of predestination simply falls apart. God predestines those whom he will call. Those whom he calls are those, all of them, who are justified. The idea that God has simply foreknown people who will decide in the future and then responds with justification simply aborts the call. There's nowhere that the call fits in with that prescient view of predestination. Flip the page. Look at Romans 9 quickly. Romans 9. Let me give you another example of this. Romans 9, verse 19, Paul says, you'll say to me then, verse 19, why does he still find fault? For who has resisted his boolema, will, his intention? The rhetorical question, who resists him? No one resists him. No one resists his will. He does what he pleases. But indeed, verse 20, Paul brings this out. Indeed, oh man, who are you to reply against God? Will the thing form, say to him who formed it, why have you made me like this? Does not the potter have power over the clay from the same lump to make one vessel for honor and another vessel for dishonor? Election and reprobation. You know, if you go through, for example, Paul's letter to the church at Rome and just answer those rhetorical questions with the answers that the rhetorical questions intend and Arminianism is destroyed, falls apart. Here, election and reprobation clearly asserted from verse 21, two primary components of predestination. We'll talk about that soon. Verse 22, what if God wanting to show his wrath to make his power known, endured with much longsuffering the vessels of wrath prepared for destruction, purposed for destruction and that he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy which he had prepared or purposed beforehand for glory speaks to predestination even us whom he called, not of the Jews only but also of the Gentiles. It's not that God actively, again, not that God actively works sin and rebellion in the hearts of men that's a heresy called equal ultimacy that in the same way that God works in the sinner's heart to cause them to be born again gives them regeneration, works in them faith works in them life that God works in the sinner wickedness and death that is a heresy called equal ultimacy that's not what God is doing God works in the hearts of those whom he will predestined to be called justified and glorified he leaves as the confession states he leaves the others to act in their sin to the praise of his glorious justice he says in Hosea verse 25 I will call them my people who were not my people and her beloved who was not beloved he's talking about the Gentiles there applying that text from Hosea to the Gentiles it shall come to pass in the place where it was said to them you are not my people, there they shall be called sons of the living God all according to God's predetermined plan what could we say what could we think with respect to application of these truths again I want to invite you to consider how this might impact the way that you think about God the way that you think about our redemption the way that you think about our worship of him who he is and what he has done so much more could be said and Lord allowing we'll say those things in future sermons application of this doctrine lies in the fact that God's sovereign predestinating work is always and will forever be in accord with his divine character we know God's character to be right and true and good and holy and righteous and just and loving and kind and patient we know what the Bible reveals of God's infinitely good character God is love the Bible says and God elects in love we'll talk about that next week his sovereign work is always in accord with his divine nature will not the God of all the earth do right Abraham asks of course he will of course he will and we can trust him for that because of that thinking of predestination our salvation is sure and is as secure as he is faithful and he is infinitely faithful infinitely faithful Calvin said this there is not a more effectual means of building up faith than the giving our open ears to the election of God which the Holy Spirit seals upon our heart while we hear showing us that it stands in the eternal good will of God toward us and that therefore it cannot be moved or altered by any storms of the world by any assaults of Satan by any changes by any fluctuations or weaknesses of the flesh for our salvation is then sure to us when we find the cause of it in the breast of God that's predestination right our predestination is determined and established by God who is sovereign over all things whatsoever that come to pass all things there is not a stray molecule in this entire universe why because God is sovereign and predetermines all things whatsoever that come to pass if that's the truth then every difficulty every adversity of God to me for my good that is no accident not given a chance not given away to the whims of men or the actions it's all determined by a sovereign God who works all things together for my good why is it that he can work all things together for my good because he sovereignly decrees all things in the first place and then he being infinitely good toward his own withholding no good thing from them in his power and wisdom work all things together for their good predestination humbles us puts us in right relationship to God rather than thinking I think for a moment it's like again another Copernican revolution make the shift of mind from thinking that everything in the universe revolves around us to the truth from the bible that everything revolves around God you think about that Copernican revolution and you put yourself in right relationship to God in your salvation to think to yourself has God saved me has God done a work of grace in my heart has he known me for loved me it's a humbling truth to consider those questions before God you have responsibility to repent and believe you must repent and believe the gospel but we cast ourselves upon God for his mercy and it's God who shows compassion it's God who shows mercy that takes away from me any notion whatsoever just evaporates into thin air any notion that I can do anything to earn favor with him or to be redeemed by him that I could think to myself I'll just do this and everything will turn out okay no way predestination humbles us fourthly predestination glorifies him it's all to the praise of his glorious grace we have no other option but to look at these things in wonder of who he is and what he's done and to be just enraptured with the wonders of his grace that he would shower us with grace and forgiveness and kindness and compassion when we are so unworthy of it and in all of that to the praise of his glorious grace if you do not turn from your sin and embrace him in faith the Lord Jesus Christ for all that he's done for all who he is if you do not turn to him then you will forever be to the praise of his justice in God's justice his perfect inviolable justice according to his never changing word will be poured out upon you in hell for all eternity as he is magnified in that righteous act toward you turn from your sin God is gracious he has made provision for sin and the person in work of his son Jesus Christ all to the praise of his name for your everlasting good all praise honor and glory to the one who does for us what we could never do for ourselves amen let's pray take a few moments now and pray silently and consider this doctrine consider your relationship to him consider how this glorifies him and magnifies his grace and how it humbles us praying we'll pray together and we'll be dismissed let's pray Father we praise you for your sovereign work of salvation knowing that if it were left to us no one would be saved thank you Lord that you've made provision that you initiated this all your fore knowledge and predestinating work calling and justifying and one day glorifying we're grateful to you Lord great salvation to which we've been delivered grateful to you for the person in work of our Lord Jesus Christ who came to save sinners and grateful Lord that in that provision for sin you have worked by your spirit to give new life to dead sinners causing us to be born again in him new creations in him they've granted repentance and faith and one day Lord will consummate all things in him to the glory of your grace and praise and worship forever I pray for anyone here who's not saved Lord you would for the glory do your name you would save them to the praise of your grace that none here would be so foolish as to reject this wondrous gift and be held responsible for their rejection and rebellion against you persisting in their sin to their own eternal damnation and to the praise of your justice I pray that you'd be gracious Lord now please help my brothers and sisters help us to grow in our understanding of these things to grow in our knowledge of you to inform our worship of you to fill our minds with you that we may be filled with all the fullness of God and then in all of that Lord through work in us you again would be praised and glorified in revelation of yourself to us through your word by your spirit that we would be worthy worshipers obedient followers and enthusiastic extollers of your grace and goodness thankful to you Lord for all this that you do in us by your spirit that we could never do for ourselves it is a wondrous gift of your grace and we I prostrate and help us before you God in awe at how good you are to us through it all these things we pray in the name of and to bless the Lord Jesus Christ in Jesus name we pray amen


is urged the anti-graft commissions in the state to beam their searchlight on corrupt officials of government agencies. They made a call during a protest and been in city, the Edo state capital, their actions they believe is part of efforts to curb the spate of increasing corrupt practices across the various ministries in Edo state. We have come out today to bear our minds on the sufferings of Nigeria that we know very well is caused by corruption, especially corruption by our politicians. We have come out today to remind the anti-graft agencies, EFCC and ICPC, their responsibility because it seems like they are not doing anything. So we have come to remind them that the energy that they are using to fight and correct our young ones who are involved in internet fraud, popularly called Yahoo Yahoo, that they should use same energy to fight our corrupt politicians. We are out to express our disappointment and displeasure over the activities of the anti-graft agency for what they are and what they are doing so far. They have left their primary responsibility of chasing after the funds of Nigerians and they are not chasing after Yahoo Yahoo boys. Whose activity does not have negative impact on the Nigerian economy. So we are saying we want them to direct their activities to what they are meant to do. Pursue the political officers and the civil servants who are defrauding our treasury and increasing poverty and suffering the land. On their part, the leadership of the anti-graft commissions is sure of their commitment to sustaining the current gain being recorded by their various commission. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


If you want to simplify your life, you have to get organized. You've got a big dream and vision for your life and you've got this great idea and the destiny. Great, listen to me. It's hard to change the world when you can't find your keys.


North Carolina versus Duke. Okay, for the third time this season. This rivalry, the biggest in college basketball arguably, is making its way to the NCAA tournament for the first time ever. In their history, going back to 1920, these two have played 257 times. North Carolina leads the all-time series 142 to 115. North Carolina has six national championships. Duke has five. North Carolina has a record 21 final four appearances and Duke has 18 not far behind. Coach K has led them to five national championships and 13 final fours while at Duke. Duke won by 20 in February. North Carolina memorably beat Duke in Coach K's last home game to end the regular season and now we're here. Duke obviously wants to get Coach K one more national title but you obviously know if anyone wants to stop that, it's North Carolina. For more follow FanDuel on YouTube, Twitter, Twitch, Instagram and TikTok.


Hello everyone. With seven days packed with official seminars and workshops as well as the off-site roundtables and events held by agencies, advertisers and tech giants, it would be very easy to feel overwhelmed at Cannes. Yet they are a handful of topics related to our industry that have emerged in the last few days. Firstly, the talk of boundaries blurring is over. At least that is amongst the most enlightened. In reality, the boundaries between historically disting disciplines started to blur a long time ago. But it's only now that the actors, some of them, are realizing it. That delayed catch up might be a difficult home truth to hear for some. For instance, the plethora of award entry categories at Cannes, direct, cyber, PR, integrated promotion events, is starting to look extremely out of sync with the real world. But whilst those artificially distinct categories continue to exist, we as a PR industry could do a lot worse than to enter our best work into categories beyond just PR. A great idea is a great idea after all and what won in Cannes very often this week won across multiple categories precisely because there are no real boundaries anymore. The second topic I think is how the technology giants presence at Cannes is growing ever more visible. In 2013 they are playing on at least an equal footing with big agencies and brands. It's big time here for LinkedIn, Google, Facebook, Twitter, Microsoft or Yahoo and so much more than just three years ago. Not only is this because digital and social media is reaching critical mass. For instance, Facebook announced yesterday it now has one million active advertisers but also because there is a new realization that some of the best most engaging creative ideas are coming from the so-called geeks. The geeks live and breathe technology and have a natural understanding of how to weave platforms and devices together to drive engagement. And finally, there is a lot of talk here about content and editorial excellence. A number of well-known journalists are here at Cannes this year. Not reporting on the event so much as helping delegates understand how and why editorial expertise can help brands drive engagements with their audiences. At a time when content is crucial, the admiration previously held almost exclusively for powerful, minimalist advertising taglines has now evolved into a search for journalistic style, authenticity and long-form storytelling. This year discussions around content have moved along and there is now a growing recognition that brands, platforms and agencies have not quite yet cracked the code on how to successfully link content with commerce. How to turn social gestures such as liking, retweeting, sharing into sales. But in these fast-moving times I think we can safely assume this will change in the not too distant future.