Things that it can do, we can go ahead and get talking about it.  Here's the manual. I'm going to read it. I'd rather show you up front. This is how it works. What it's going to do. What it can do. And then if you're interested, keep watching the video. Let's get started. Our last test was done with an 1,100 watt Sunbeam microwave, all being ran off the Opus 1200 watt portable power station. And did I mention that it's portable? It only weighs 24.3 pounds. So if you're looking for something that's portable that you can use for camping, fishing, emergency backup, something to get you through until you can get your big generator out, whatever the case might be, then this is the product I'd like to show you. What you just witnessed in the beginning is the Opus 1200 watt portable power station. It was able to power some of the most extreme power hungry tools on my truck. I showed a vacuum pump, which was a half horse motor. I showed a DC drive vacuum pump, an 1100 watt microwave, a 15 amp circular saw and several small things such as battery chargers. Now I'll give you full disclosure here that this was provided to me by Opus, no money in exchange, just the tool itself to do the review on, mine to keep. So what do I think of this so far? Well what you've seen so far is it can power some rather large tools. How long they can power is dependent on how many watts it's pulling. As you can see, the vacuum pump on average is pulling somewhere between 400 and 500 watts. And this device here is capable of doing 992 watt hours. Also if you had a 500 watt appliance pulling the same wattage the whole time, you're going to get just under two hours out of it. On the very front display, you can actually see how many hours it has, in the top right corner is the output watts, and then in the middle is the battery power overall. Now this particular model, like I said, is 1200 watts. Now Opus does offer four convenient portable power stations. A 600 watt, this 1200 watt, an 1800 watt, and a 2400 watt version. What we're going to do today is the 1200 watt version. I do not have the solar panels to show you, but it is able to be recharged by the solar panels. It does come with a 200 watt power brick here, which plugs into a standard 110, 120 volt outlet. It charges right around 186 watts, and it takes right around seven and a half hours. It also comes with a car plug, so you can plug it in. And same thing here, it's going to read on the display exactly how fast it's charging. And as I was mentioning, they do have 100 watt portable solar panels that you can also purchase separately, or in a kit, depending on which one you want to buy. I will have a link down in the bottom description to each one of the different portable power stations, along with the discount code that you can save yourself 10%. This particular model right now can be had for right around $650 with all the discount codes that are going on right now. The average price is right around the $750 to $780 range. Let's go ahead and go over some of the features now that you've seen the things that it can power. This particular 1200 watt model does feature a LiPo 4 battery that has 992 watt hours. The device only weighs right around 24.2 pounds, so it's light enough that most people will be able to move it around. It has the power to power most devices. We should be able to power some speakers, so if you have a band and you're wanting to do something remote and don't want a loud generator, this is going to be the perfect solution for you. Now we do have a power switch down here at the bottom left corner right at the bottom of the outlet.  The power station still is on currently.  That's the area that you're going to want to keep it at when you're not using it. Otherwise, when it's on, it will slowly discharge itself. So hold the button for a second, throw it to come on, let up. It gives you the battery life here. If you have anything that you want to power in the DC section here, you got to turn on the DC power switch down at the bottom. That powers up your two USB-A ports, which are QC 3.0. We have two USB-C ports here. One rated at 60 watts and one at 18 watts. Then directly above that, we have our 12-volt DC 5521 output ports rated to 10 amps. And then you have the 12-volt car adapter there. The car adapter would plug into your car just like you would anything else. It does have a light on top there, as you can see. And if you was to plug it into here, it would actually start to charge itself. Your input watts and output watts pretty much is circulating back and forth. Input watts is 20, input watts 17. So you've got a loss of power going in and going out. You can't generate voltage from the same power source. It just doesn't work that way. Otherwise you'd have infinite power. Now the 120-volt power brick here has a green light down here in the bottom corner. On the back side, it does tell us that it's capable of running 100 to 240 volts in at 50 or 60 hertz. And the input is right at 3 amps. The output is 24 volts at 8.33 amps. The wattage going out is supposed to be 99.92. But when we plug it in here, we're going to see that it's not quite that high. It's very close. There is a little loss in efficiency, which we're going to see any time we have conversion processes going on. So right now we're charging in there at 185 watts. As it starts to charge, the little blue lights continues to go clockwise. So for demonstration purposes, we'll go ahead and plug this into the USB-C port. And we'll go ahead and plug in our phone. So as it takes one hour, it doesn't show a whole lot down here. We know our output wattage right now is 7 watts. That's all that's being pulled by the phone currently. I do have fast charge turned on, but I don't have super fast turned on. Now if we switch it over here to the 60 watt, see what it says now. Still one hour. I have the fast charging turned off on my phone, and it's only pulling 7 watts. Now this is kind of just a generic cord. The power on this is only one way, so it can only power out to a device. It will not charge going back in. Now to give you an idea of how many phones you're going to be able to charge, you're going to be able to charge a 3100 milliamp hour battery on a phone about 65 times, a 30 watt tablet about 29 times, a 60 watt laptop about 15 times. So you've got a lot of power here in reserve that's going to charge your small appliances pretty quickly. This is made for just kind of small camping, out and about, got small projects to do, things like that. Now when you have the solar panels, that's going to allow you to recharge during the day, use your appliances and small things at night. If you just need power in a small remote area for just say, for a short duration, it's going to be perfect for that. A lot of people are using these, like I said, for camping, hunting, going on off-road trips, using them for, you could use it at work, vacuum pump, whatever. I mean it's definitely going to drain the battery down very quickly with something that pulls as much as 500 to 600 watts, but it's capable of doing it. The 12 volt here is capable of doing also 10 amps. In this section here, you've got direct DC voltage straight from the battery to the appliance. Now granted, if this is charging at 24 volts, I'm going to say that the batteries probably are running at a higher area and then being stepped down to the 12 volt area. That's something to consider. You may have some loss there. This is able to be used as a UPS, so you can actually be charging something, running something while it's charging at the same time. So if you wanted to put this on your computer, your TV, say you're using recording equipment and you're in the middle of a recording, if the power goes out, it's going to just continue to power it right off the battery and you're not going to be interrupted. So it is capable of doing that. Now I have heard there's some devices out there.  So it's not full proof far as that's concerned, but if you're going to be around it, it is going to be able to handle that situation. Let's go ahead and check our output voltage here, see where we're actually ranking in at. We've got to turn on the power section for the AC. As I mentioned earlier, right now we're at nothing. We hit the button, it turns on, you can hear the fan kick up in speed and here is our 110.5 volts. We hit the frequency button, we're at 59.8, which is close enough to 60 hertz, not a big deal. I will mention that this does have a pure sine wave. A pure sine wave is going to make sure your sensitive electronics are not damaged. This is capable of running 50 hertz, which you can switch it to that. If you're up in Canada and you run 50 hertz, you are able to switch that to it. It still puts out 110 volts. We can jump over here to the DC section and see what our output voltage is here. We can go to the plug that the car adapter is. We'll go ahead and hit for ground and we'll go for the positive. And we're right at 12.7. And coming down to this jack here, we're right at 12.7. Same thing would go for this one right here, 12.7. Now we're going to go ahead and flip this thing around here onto the back side. It does come with convenient light here, which is very bright. That's the low and there's high and you have an SOS feature here. Just to kind of show you how bright this thing is. So right there it is with it off, on and high. So it does light up the room rather well. It'll come in handy to get you to set things up. So here at campsite, you've got their late, perfect, perfect thing and it's very bright. They don't mention how long it lasts. I haven't tested that out yet, but say that it's probably LED lighting obviously and it's going to last quite a long time. These Lipo 4 batteries are not just traditional lithium ion batteries. These are lithium osfate. They last up to 2,500 cycles before they start to lose their capacity, whereas a regular lithium ion battery is usually only good for 250 to 500 cycles before they start losing their capacity. This is going to last you for quite a long time for several years. It does come with a two-year warranty. I've watched several other reviews on this and everyone that I've seen has said really good things about it. I've watched them use the oscilloscope on it to prove that it actually had the sine wave that was smooth, which I don't have in a oscilloscope, so I'm not able to do that. But I did see it firsthand. I did watch them do the testing on the load test as far as the DC amperage and things like that. Several different people out there that's done that type of testing. My main thing I wanted to show is that it's capable of running large appliances. It's also obviously able to handle the small ones as well. It's kind of suited more for smaller appliances. It is able to run a coffee pot. It is able to run a toaster oven and small items like that as long as it stays under the 1200 watt mark. As I've seen this tested, it comes in about 1300 watts before it starts to shut down. This does have quite a bit of different protection in it. Now as I did mention, this does give you 1200 watts continuous, but it also has a peak wattage of 3600 watts, which is quite a large inrush capabilities. So that's going to get your inductive motors running, and that's how we were able to run that big circular saw like we did. It was rated at 15 amps. Once it gets running, the motor starts to coast and your amperage drops down once it's going. Same thing with the vacuum pumps. They was cold, the oil was thick, and once it started to run, the amperage started to drop. Also as I mentioned once before, this can be charged anywhere between 200 and 240 watts of solar generation. So if you've got a bright sunny day, you are able to get this recharged a lot quicker than even with the wall outlet. But obviously clouds are going to affect that. And the car charger on average charges at about 96 watts. So that's kind of what slows it down. So up to 12 hours to charge on the car. Now this does have BMS battery management system. It has over voltage protection, over current protection, over heat protection. It does adjust the charging voltage and the speed to suit the device's needs. It'll protect your device and keep it lasting it longer. They do have a 600 watt TV rated for right around 2 hours, an electric grill for up to 50 minutes, a coffee pot at 88 minutes, a blender at 2 hours, a mini-fridge at 17 hours, a laptop at 8 charges, a CPAP machine at 17 hours, and a phone, as I mentioned earlier, up to 80 charges. So this is going to be great for the wife's CPAP machine. A lot of times I have to go out and get the generator out, which takes time and effort to get that. And at nighttime, you really don't need that many things running. So I'm able to just grab this, plug her machine into it, and go back to sleep. Otherwise I've got to dig out a generator, get it running, worry about the fumes, worry about somebody stealing it in the middle of the night. This is so much more convenient and so much easier. If we're going to use this in the home, this may not be the right size unit for the home. You might be better off to go with the 1800 to 2400 watt version, which are able to charge faster with more solar cells. It might be something for you to consider, especially if you're way off the grid, there's no power lines where you're at anyhow. This might be the system to look at. On average, this is not going to run all the way up to the 992 watt hours because it has to protect the battery pack. You cannot completely, truly 100% discharge a lithium battery. It's going to save a reserve capacity anywhere from 10% to 20%, depending on how they have it programmed. So you're never going to get that full 900. But what the calculations have came out to be is somewhere around 82% to 85% efficient, meaning that you're going to get 85% potentially out of that battery. Now I did have to go ahead and plug my GoPro camera in because it was starting to go dead. So right now with the USB-C plugged in, I'm only pulling 4 watts of power on this. So we're running the display right now, recording at 1080p. It's going to give us a long, long time, potentially 41 hours of run time with the battery currently at 88%. I've been kind of hard on this thing today. I was just basically hammering away at it. And so far, like I said, we're at 88%. Only random for about four minutes, five minutes area. Once the device usually starts running, it tends to stabilize rather quickly so you can actually see how long it's going to run at whatever the load is. It usually takes anywhere from right around 30 seconds to maybe a minute for the device to figure out what the load is going to be and how long it's going to actually last. It's going to calculate immediately, but it's going to give you a more accurate one as it runs for a longer duration. Now we'll go ahead and get a little bit better look here at the side of it. This is where the fan brings the air in and where the air goes out on the other side. Looking inside there, all the solder joints and everything looks pretty good. I really wanted to tear this apart and kind of look into it, but honestly, I really like it. I don't want to avoid the warranty or cause it to not work. When you look at it on top, it actually has a nice, smooth handle, fits nice in your hand. It has a rubber coating out here on the sides. On the bottom, they also have rubber feet. Does have four rubber feet with screws to help make sure that they don't come off. We can go ahead and plug in a toaster oven here, which this is going to be a power hungry hog. It's definitely going to pull a lot of power.  You're going to see how fast that's going to drop it down. It's very heavy resistive load. We're pulling right at about 680 watt area. As you can see, it's starting to counter it and give you an exact runtime there. And you got to remember too that our battery has depleted a little bit, so we're not going to get true amount of hours based off of a full charge, but at least at the current state that we're in. Barely hear the motor running there on the side, keeping itself cool. The fan just kicked on. You can kind of hear it. Now the next device we've got here is a new wave air fryer. This is a little bit bigger than what this device probably can handle, and right there is 1800 watts. So we can actually go ahead and just go 900 watts. So we are able to at least be able to heat up our food and set it at the temperature we want, which usually is about 400. Go ahead and turn on the light. Go ahead and hit start and see what she pulls in there. Let's go ahead and hit our display here. See what it comes in at. If it's right around that 900 mark that they're saying, we're about 987 watts area, so it is able to run.  You've got to have some way to heat your food up. So this obviously is not really roughing it when you have yourself an air fryer, but hey, it is able to run it. You can see that we're starting to replenish the battery pretty quickly, about 58 minutes at this kind of a load, now 48 minutes. Like I said, it needs about a minute or so to start to stabilize out. Just to prove that we are running that off of the power pack, I'm going to go ahead and unplug it. Oh, there we just stepped up to high fan. We're going to go ahead and unplug that, and this is going to shut everything down. Just to make sure that you know that I'm not pulling your leg. It's going ahead and dropping down there.  I don't know why. One of the things I don't like about it is just the display constantly turns off. That's probably my only major complaint that I've got out of it. Otherwise, it seems to be doing really well. I'm pretty impressed. I did not expect this thing to do as well as it's doing. I have personally a 3000 watt portable inverter generator, and I also have a 8000 watt larger generator. The biggest problem out of them is they're very loud and heavy. It's very difficult for a lot of people to get them started and get them ready to go. So with something like this, this is going to get you by until you can get your power back on. It's something to check out, guys. Like I said, check it out down in the description down below. I'll have links to it. And until next time, we'll catch you on the next one. Thanks for watching. You wouldn't think I was going to let you get out of it that easy, did you? Let's go ahead and test it out here at 1500 watts. Let's make sure to see if this thing will protect itself. So let's go ahead and hit go and start. So 1300 watts. So we're actually at 1300 watts. We're about 100 over 111 over what it's rated at. It's actually continually going. You see the little fan there just spinning and spinning. This is actually underrated by a little bit. So they definitely did a good job in designing it. They didn't cheat the specs from what I see. Like I said, it's definitely worth checking out. If you need bigger, get the next size up. There's definitely two more to check out. So it is still running it at 1300 watts. The fan just kicked up to high speed. It ran it for that long duration of time right there and it did air out. It did give you the red arrow there. So it did shut down and protect itself. It did kill power to the heater. Now to reset it, we're going to turn off the power there. That turned it off. Okay. Power's back on. There's the AC. It just turned it back on. So we're good to go.


I would think that these are games that- Hi, everyone. Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com, coming at you with 2021 Break King, Stars, and Legions. Hobby, Break, Three Box, Case, Break, Number 23. Random letter break, Number 23. Everyone knows how this works by now, right? First letter of their last name, so on and so forth, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah. I think everyone here who's joined the break, they understand. At least they should, because they read the item description. There are the letters right there. Let's roll it, let's randomize it. Three and a six, nine times four names and letters. Good luck. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, and nine. After nine times, we've got Daniel down to Ruben. We got three and a six, nine times for the team, or teams, letters, two, it's been a long day, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, and nine. After nine times, we've got W down to G. All right, Daniel with W, Joshua with K, Daniel Katz with the combo letters, Anthony with F, Gail with D, Anthony with B, Roy with M, Andrew Roth with R.  First letter of their last names. Garrett with A, Matt McLaughlin with T, Ben with S, Jack B with C, Joshua with P, Brian with J, Daniel with H, Sean with L, Andrew with E, and Ruben with G. Let's sort by column B, and we'll keep the video running. Any trades? And here's the fresh case right here. Let me know if there's any trades. We'll keep the video rolling. Jazz, nice comeback for them, they won. Thanks, Ernie. He was gonna reset the score anyway. Oliver, you'll take O? You can't, that belongs to Daniel, unless Daniel wants to give Oliver the O. Yeah, Ben Hodab, Ben with two Ns, we'll stay with S. All right, well, maybe we'll just go. TwC means trade window closed, let's print, let's rip. Remember, we have not encountered this in this particular break king, this run on break king, but Ichiro, if we pull this card on the card, it just says Ichiro, then it'll go to I, right? If on the card it says Ichiro Suzuki, then it'll go to S. Just a little disclaimer there, but a very rare occurrence. All right, thanks everybody for making this happen, I appreciate it. Let's see what we got. This is a nice way to end the night, folks, with some graded cards, some potential monsters here. Yeah, Garrett A, Aaron, Hank Aaron is a possibility. Any Adams'es, Adams, Apears? Remember Kevin Apears? I don't think Apear will be in this. Allen's, Marcus Allen, that's multi-sport. Aronado, yeah, there's a good one. All right, here's a good one. Not graded, but it's Kobe, very nice. Kobe being Bryant, Anthony with the letter B. Right, Ray Allen as well. Josh Allen's, PSA nine, 1984, Donnery's baseball, it's Tony Gwynn, nice. Letter G, Ruben with the letter G. Another graded card, PSA 10 this time. It's Trey Young from 2018, Panini Prison Basketball. Nice, Ruby Wave and graded at 10, very nice. So now Daniel Katz is rooting for Trey Young in that Hawks Sixers series. So this value of this card can go up. Nice 10 as well, Jim in 10, love that. Next three cards, not graded, autograph. Yeah, this is pretty nice.  Nice, Mike Musina, 20 out of 25. I don't know what this is from, 2019 trip? Anyway, pretty nice, tribute maybe? Tribute, right? Yeah, Oliver saying that Trey Young went for six, maybe more if he wins this series. All right, M, Roy with the letter M. Maybe transcending with the foil or the frame that is not foil, gold frame. I feel like there's a different, anyway. 2018, Tops Update Baseball, PSA nine. He's a pretty good player. It's Juan Soto for Ben. Nice, Ben with two ends, gets the Juan Soto. There you go, Ben Hoda. He's pretty good. All right, oh, and one more. We got a basketball player. It's 2017, Panini Prison Basketball. Oliver's gonna like this one. Unfortunately, won't go to him. He's gonna go to Anthony with the letter F. It's a Fox in the Box, De'Aaron Fox. 2017, Panini Prison Basketball, Silver Prism. Silver's are always nice. And it's a mint nine. Nice Fox in the Box for Anthony. And the final box. Oh, Hoda is a Kings fan too. There you go. We've got multiple Kings fans in here, Oliver and Ben Hoda. Another graded card. We've got, it's a nine. Beckett nine. It's Zion Williamson from 2019-20, 19-20 hoops, that is. A lot of 20s and 19s around there. Zion Will I Amson. Daniel L with W, nice Zion. Had a pretty strong season. Wish I saw him in the playoffs, but I think he broke a thumb or something like that and Palakins just missed. Maybe next year, that'll be good for the hobby. All right, another one. This is 2017, Panini Revolution Basketball, Impact Parallel, PSA 10. One of my non-favorite Lakers. Allen Iverson, the answer. It's a nice pattern back there too. It's the Impact. And that's gonna go to I. That'll also be for Daniel Katz, part of the combo letters. All right, and the final one. Uh-oh, it's gonna be a randomizer. There's four different players on here. This is from Leaf Lumber. Derek Jeter, Jorge Posada, Bernie Williams and Don Mattingling. So time to make one person really happy and three other people sad. So let's go back to a blank list. There's a blank list. J for Jeter, P for Posada, W for Williams and M for Mattingling. JPWM. Let's roll it, let's randomize it three or two, five times. Letter on top gets it after five. Fingers crossed, good luck. One, two. Three, four. And one more, right? Yeah, fifth and final time. Letter on top is gonna be P for Posada. And that goes to Joshua. There you go, Josh. And it's a one of one. All aboard the Big Hit Express. Nice, Jeter, Posada, Williams and Mattingling. Franchise four, four pieces of their lumber. Game used as well. It's a one of one. There you have it. That's right, hip, hip, Jorge. There you go, you can thank Jorge Posada for that one. Thanks to the others for giving it a go and being part of the randomizer. I'm Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com. What a night, folks. Thanks everyone for getting into all of the breaks. I really appreciate it. We'll see you next time for the next one. Bye-bye.


Good evening. I take great pleasure to introduce to you Secretary Ash Carter. I just heard the 25th Secretary of Defense of the United States. And actually, I welcome you as a forum as a platform for public-private cooperation. And you, of course, we all know about the Department of Defense, but actually, you are also the CEO of the largest enterprise in the world, and you are in addition an academic. And when you came first here a number of years ago, you came in your former capacity as someone I know who has a deep global, now you have insights, but at some time you also already had a deep global knowledge. So we are delighted to have you here, particularly for our members. Recently, we went to the Pentagon together with a number of our members, and I have to say I was so impressed and so surprised how you are a forward-looking man and looking particularly also at the force industrial revolution and how it impacts your own work, your own work in terms of defense, but your own work also in terms as a CEO of this huge organization. So, Mr. Secretary, what we are living in a turbulent world, and it's great to hear from someone who is really at the center and who knows what's going on. What keeps you awake at night? Because of the Secretary of Defense of the United States and because of the pivotal role that we have long played and continue to play, not alone, because we also have lots of friends, and that's not just because we're powerful, but because of the values we stand for, and I see friends here and I'm grateful to all of them. Klaus, let me just begin at the beginning. Something that's very much on my mind this year is the defeat of ISIL. This needs to occur, it will occur, and it needs to occur first and foremost in Syria and Iraq. This is the parent tumor of ISIL, and we need to defeat it there, but then we need to combat it elsewhere around the world to which it is spread. We also need to defeat our homelands. Just this week, I've been discussing with my colleagues and I'll be doing it more in coming weeks. Our operational concept for doing that, we have a very specific plan, and if you think about it in World War II newsreel terms, in arrows on maps, you should be thinking of an arrow going to Mosul, capturing Mosul, and an arrow going to Raqqa in Syria and capturing Raqqa, the so-called capital. That's the operational plan for Iraq and Syria. I was talking to Prime Minister Abadi today about the success he's had in Iraq and then our move forward to heat and Mosul, and our strategic approach to doing that is, first of all, to use the great might of American military power. We're doing more. We're accelerating our effort and we're looking for opportunities class to do yet more, but we are also taking the strategic approach of enabling capable and motivated local forces. This is critical because we've all had the experience of trying to occupy places that we have cleared of terrorists, and that's something difficult for foreigners to do, so we do want to find capable local forces. That's why it's so important to work through the Iraqi security forces, and then do that worldwide. So we need to defeat ISIL. If you're asking me what else keeps me up at night, I'm afraid it's not a short list. You know we have a nuclear deal with Iran. That's important. I think that's a good deal. However, it doesn't solve all of our problems with Iran, and we're still concerned about its malign influence in the region, freedom of navigation, and other issues, ballistic missiles, and other issues we have in protecting our long-time friends and allies in the Gulf to include, especially Israel. Then we have North Korea, and I know you had an invitation to the North Koreans, which by taking the self-isolating step, which seems to be their habit of testing a nuclear weapon, they're not here. But, and this may sound odd to those of you who, like me, have watched the situation on North Korea for so many years, Klaus, but we call it, in the defense department, fight tonight. That's not that we want to fight tonight, but up on the DMZ, and I was just there a few weeks ago, you have to be ready every night. And then finally, looking further ahead and more geopolitically, we have a competitive situation that we don't want to lead to armed conflict, but we have to acknowledge a competitive situation with Russia, on the one hand, in Europe, with China, in Asia, and I'll just say one thing about Asia, it's terribly important for this audience because it's a big business market. It's half of the world's economy, half of its population. For 70 years, peace and stability have been kept in Asia because of the American military. We aim to keep that going. Now, that's not to exclude anybody else, it's not to keep anybody else down. It's never been that way. Taiwan rose, South Korea rose, Taiwan rose, Southeast Asia rose, now India and China. We welcome that, but you can't take for granted the environment of peace and security. So these are the things that keep me up at it, but my job is to let make a situation where everybody else doesn't kept up at night. So I'm happy if I'm up at night and you're not up at night because that means that you get to lie there, dream your dreams, wake up, hug your children, take them to school, go to work, live full lives. That's what's supposed to happen. And my job is with other colleagues here is to provide protection without which none of that is possible. Mr. Secretary, I have two follow-up questions. One is more specific, one way is more of a general nature. To start with the specific one, we had also the reassuring message of the Prime Minister of Iraq, that actually I still could be defeated by the end of the year in Iraq. Are you not afraid that those fighters, we speak here mainly also about foreign fighters, afterwards are dispersed and you transport the issue from Iraq and Syria back to Europe, to the United States and we will see the consequences in terms of increased terrorist acts. Well, you have to be concerned about that, but at the same time, I mean part of the campaign plan is not to let these people out. And that's part of the concept of defeating them where they are. Now that won't be perfect. And some of them will go out, some of them will go back to the countries from which they originated, which sadly include many in Europe, a few, but a worrisome few in the United States. And that's why I said you have to deal with the metastases, some of them will show up in Libya and already are, and some of them will show up in our home lines. So we need to protect ourselves and we need to protect our people and take that seriously and we will. But the phenomenon originated in Iraq and Syria, and I think that the psychological importance of the defeat of this phony ideology and the idea that there's an Islamic state is a very important victory to have, Klaus. It's necessary. Is it sufficient? No. We'll need to keep watching out for and fighting its metastases where it crops up. But we've got to defeat Iraq and Syria. And just on Prime Minister Abadi's point, I mean I'm delighted that he feels that way. I share that ambition. I think he's very entitled to that momentum as a result of the victory in Ramadi and one of the good things about that is I think it gives him the opportunity to do more and for us to do more in partnership with him. Success gives opportunities for more success. It was great performance by the Iraqi security forces. Mr. Secretary, I have again a specific question, a straight forward question. Do you feel Turkey is doing enough to support you? Well, I would like Turkey to do more. By history, by geography, Turkey is in a pivotal position here. Now, Turkey's a longtime friend of ours. It's a NATO ally. We're strongly in support of it. We stand with it in terms of defense of its own territory. But the reality is it shares a big border with Iraq and Syria, which border has been porous to foreign fighters, Klaus, going in both directions. And I think the Turks can do more. I think the Turks can do more to fight ISIL. They're helping us fight ISIL by, for example, hosting our aircraft in Turkey. I'm grateful for that, but I think they can do more. So they're on the list of, and I'm sorry to say it's not a small list of countries that I think could make contributions that are distinctive, unique, and necessary to the defeat of ISIL. One of the reasons I'm in Europe this week, Klaus, is to talk to the defense ministers of all the coalition. I met with a key seven in Paris two days ago. I'm going to convene all the defense ministers, first time ever, of the coalition to defeat ISIL in Brussels in a couple of weeks. And precisely the purpose there is to set expectations in terms of the capabilities that will be needed from everybody, Turkey included. Mr. Secretary, now my general question, and I just rapidly say, sometimes the concerns that the U.S. do not have any more capability to be present at the same time in all those troubled areas you mentioned. Aren't you overstretched? Well, I mean, we've always liked to have more. What Defense Minister or Defense Secretary wouldn't tell you that. But if you to go back through the commitments I described, we are conducting what we call the rebalance to the Asia Pacific region, which is really just a way of saying what I said earlier, which is we aim to keep the role, historical role of the United States. I am about to submit a major new budget for that will carry the United States into the years ahead. It fully resources that it makes new investments that sadly, we now have to make in the defense of Europe with NATO territory as a consequence of Russia's aggressive behavior, which we've seen in Ukraine. And I wish it weren't so for a quarter century. We haven't had to make those investments. Now we will. We have the money and Congress has given us the money and the resources. We have the forces to defeat ISIL. So the answer is, you know, you're never happy, but we have the forces we need to meet our commitments. The key is to me, and one of the reasons I'm here is to make sure that we are ahead of everybody else, that we have historically been that in all technological areas of warfare and security. And one of the things I'm determined is that the United States stays that way. So that not only can I answer that question now, Klaus, but my successor, my successor, successor, can answer the same question with the same confidence that my predecessors gave me. I have the finest force the world has ever known, and I'm very grateful for it. But in this respect, Mr. Secretary, we have talked a lot during this meeting about the force industrial revolution, the new technologies in the small book which I published. I devote also one chapter to new technologies in, let's say, being used in military action. How do you prepare for this new wave of technologies and how will it rewrite the rules and methods of warfare? Well, technology does, it has, and technology's a partial answer to your question, but there's another part that I'll get to in a minute, but just take the technology part. Some of you may know I'm a technologist myself. And when I started out in this business class, when I began my career, and I never expected to be in defense, but it was a reflex, it was part of the culture of technology to have a connection to defense. It was also true that most technology of consequence originated in the United States and much of it in connection with the government. Now that's still true to a large extent, but not nearly to the extent it was there. So if we're gonna continue to do what we need to do, which is stay ahead of a dangerous world, we need to do that in a different way. And I'm highly aware of that. So I'm trying to build bridges, one of the reasons I'm here, to the tech innovative community that are as strong but different as the ones I grew up with. The other answer to your question is people. And another thing that the people in this room who manage big enterprises, like I manage a big enterprise, is the thing that really makes the American military so wonderful is our people. It's an all volunteer force. So I have to ask for them. I have to find them. I have to compete for them, just like every company does. If I wanna have the best of them, so to clowns that to me means learning what the best techniques for human resource management is, recruitment, retention, how do you connect to today's generation? They don't put up with, they don't see their careers the way we did. They're not gonna put up with a system that seems old to them. We need to connect to them where their heads are. So one of the things I wanted to do here was talk to the leaders of major enterprises around the world, the same issues I do. They need to stay ahead in a competitive world of technology and they need to compete for talent. Is there anything they can teach me? Will always be different because we're the profession of arms. But I would like to learn what the best are thinking and the most innovative people. And by the way, I wanna be part of our enterprise too. These are people who wanna make a difference in the world. That's why they're here. That's why they're in the positions they're in. One of the ways they can make a difference is by helping us. You train people very well, not only in the utilization of hardware and so on, but particularly in working together in leadership. Do you see a better pact between business and the Defense Department in general, so that you prepare people for the business world? Yeah, it's a really great, and I'm so proud that in this generation, our veterans as they're called, people who have served in our military are regarded as wonderful people to employ. Why? They've had exactly the experience you've had of order, discipline, organization, mission accomplishment. Sometimes experience is way beyond their years. So they're young people with tremendous capability. Employers understand that now. I only say that that's remarkable. It shouldn't be remarkable, but remember, I remember the Vietnam generation, and that was not the rap on American service members at that time. We've turned that around. Now, there's a bad side to that, Klaus, which is all these people are trying to hire my people. And I want them to, because I want the best for our people. On the other hand, I don't want our good people to leave. Now, I can soul myself when our good people leave by, with the following thought, if they see that having been in the U.S. Department of Defense is good for their careers, then even though they leave, somebody new will come in who's ambitious and good and wants to be part of it, and I'll keep the pipeline going. So in a way, it's good, and it makes us attractive. And I need to be attractive because I'm competitive. I can't, I don't draft, we don't have a draft in the United States. I can't make people serve. They got to want to serve. Mr. Secretary, usually defense departments were very secluded in a national environment. Today, we are living in a global world, and here you have the representatives of many countries. How much does, let's say, real defense not only need treaties and cooperation in the context of very specific special organizations like NATO, how much does it really need a coalition between business and defense on a more global level? That's absolutely necessary in my judgment because for public officials to protect the public space so that private companies and people can do what they're supposed to do. I need their help in today's world, which means I need their understanding. And it can't be me just telling them what to do because I don't have that power. I got to meet them halfway, and so I'm talking to people here about, for example, how to help us counter-terrorism. And I have to do that in a way that respects their business interests and also that respects the society's other wishes, which are for privacy and freedom of the internet and so forth. On the other hand, nobody ever thought that the internet was supposed to bring you civilization and community and prosperity, not evil. And so people don't want that, but I can't dictate solutions to that. I've got to work with the private sector, and that's true in logistics, it's true in personnel management. I'm part of society and I'm most successful when I work with others. By the way, you mentioned allies. The Secretary General, our Honored and a Very Effective Secretary General of NATO is here. That's one very strong organization. I started right off at the beginning saying, we don't do everything by ourselves, that's not the American way. And one of the things I'm proud of is we have lots of friends. A lot of people want to work with us. And when other people act up, other countries act up, they drive people into our arms. And we like working with other people, and we like the fact that they like to work with us. And I think it's an important measure because we stand for things that they stand for and values that they want to protect too. So I'm proud of that, but it also makes us more effective because we've got to work together. So defense in the broadest sense is not just the job of the Defense Department, it's the job of all of us. Now that's a very wise observation to Klaus and so I can't do everything I just described in terms of defeating ISIL without John Kerry's political efforts in Syria. I can't do them without our homeland security, our law enforcement, our border security. We're celebrating, rightly so, the recapture of Ramadi from ISIL, but there's still a job ahead there.  And that's a whole side of things. It's not military, but it's necessary to sustain success. And this is where the rest of the U.S. government comes in. This is where I'm going to be asking others to make contributions also. But Mr. Secretary, I should add the community here is a stakeholder community business, particularly. I think we have also the obligation to make sure that we make your job abundant in addressing the root causes. I mean, if we create sufficient jobs for the young generation, hopefully your job can be, you could be dismissed. If we really take care of our responsibilities to address the root causes. Yeah, I mean, and to the extent that some really evil people are at work, prosperity might not make that go away, but it'll be created an environment in which they can't run rampant and where they are brought to justice quickly. And that is provided by a humane and prosperous and a world in which young people have promise. And that's what this crowd is all about. Ladies and gentlemen, friends, we will continue the discussion with a broader panel integrating distinguished people from the international defense community. So please remain seated. And I would like to thank Secretary Carter for providing with an insight. I frankly was pondering for some time whether we should integrate defense and you in such a program, but I felt it in a reduced multistakeholder community, it's part of it. And we are grateful for your presence. Thank you. Thank you.


Some of the differences between American English and British English. Vocabulary. Autumn. Fortnite. Term. Holiday. Fall. Two weeks. Semester. Vacation. Pavement. Underground. Bonnet. Boot. Sidewalk. Subway. Hood. Trunk. Petrol. Spanner. Fat. Tap. Gasoline. Wrench. Apartment. Faucet. Dustbin. Lift. Postcode. Aubergine. Garbage can. Elevator. Zip code. Eggplant. Crisp. Chips. Biscuit. Candy floss. Chips. Fries. Cookie. Cotton candy. Nappy. Trousers. Pants. Jumper. Diaper. Pants. Underpants. Sweater. Grammar. Present perfect. British English uses the present perfect to talk about things that have happened in the recent past that have an effect on the present. For example, I've just eaten lunch. American English can use the past simple instead of the present perfect. I just ate lunch. Get. The past part of the present perfect. Get. The past participle of the verb get differs between American and British English. In British English, the past participle is got. For example, it's got a lot more expensive to fly recently. American English uses gotten. For example, it's gotten a lot more expensive to fly recently. Spelling. Color. Neighbor. Flavor. Humor. Color. Neighbor. Flavor. Humor. License. Meter. Theater. Aeroplane. License. Meter. Theater. Airplane.


And now, tonight's presentation of Radio's outstanding theatre of thrills, Suspense. Tonight, we bring you the story of three convicts on a road gang in Florida who planned the perfect escape through the Everglades. We call it, Quiet Night. So now, starring Stacey Harris, here is tonight's suspense play, Quiet Night. We listen for it every night, right after lights out, and it'll be there. Passing over us, headed across Everglades, toward Miami. For a moment it was like having somebody come and see you on visitors day. Only when you're on a road gang, you don't get no visitors. 80 of us in that camp on the edge of the mangrove swamp. Every night, we'd quiet down and listen to that airplane. Wondering about the people up there, where they'd been, where they were going, and wishing we were going with them. Then it'd be gone. But I'd feel good just knowing other people had heard it. People across the swamp over in Lakeland. They'd hear it about six minutes after we did. George, up shore, wake up! George! Oh, mother.  I can't yet. Have them checked the jail. It seems to me that'll be Bert's job. That's what a deputy's for, isn't it? Keep the sheriff from running himself to death? Who does his sheriff? Well, he wasn't your nephew, he'd starve to death. And with my hat, mother? George, you know what Dark Lang told you. You gotta start taking it easy. I will, I will. So long. George? Why? Remember how you used to kiss me whenever you left the house? Well, we were younger then, mother. People our age, don't we? Never mind. Go on. What's eating you, mother? Maybe it was here in the plane coming over from Havana. Remember when we took it home from our vacation? That was nine years ago. They'd have a new plane by now. We haven't had so much fun since. We ought to get away for a few days.  We will, one of these days. One of these days. Well, if you're going to jail, hurry up about it so you can get home and get your rest. It took the plane less than four minutes to cover the twelve miles between the sheriff's farm and the parking lot next to the county courthouse. How's this stinking mosquitoes? Wanna put the wind up? No. No, it's too hot. But we ought to get out of here. Can't, honey. I'm on duty. I don't mean tonight. I mean, get away from Lakeland for good. Well, you figure not going. Oh, after Jacksonville over to New Orleans? Nah. Wouldn't work.  You. Me? If you didn't settle down. I wouldn't do what your husband did, but I wouldn't stay around you for two seconds. Honey, I never loved Harry. And you shouldn't have married him. I had to. I hated my folks. Harry got me away from him. How old were you? Almost seventeen. Bert, I wrote Harry today. Oh? I told him I wanted a divorce so I could marry somebody else. You will marry me, won't you? I'd like to see somebody try to stop me. The night the plane didn't come over was the night that Harry showed fats in me the letter. We figured the plane was late, held back by the wind to something, so we waited. Listening. While we waited, Harry had me read his letter. You threw, Joe? Yeah. What'd you think? It's tough. Let me read it, Harry. Later fats. Listen to this, Joe. He's a wonderful man. I'm sure he'll treat me good. How do you like that? It's tough, Harry. Look, you'd beg, Harry. No woman can wait ten years. Why, you fuzzy little... Quiet, you guys. Listen. You hear it, Jeffers? I thought I did. I guess not. She sure turned out to be an ever-loving wife, didn't she? Makes me wonder if I did right, killing Red Simmons. Maybe it should have been her. But you could still do it, Harry. We get enough money, we're making a break. He got right to it. Fats, I told you before. Don't talk about it, huh? We'd sure surprise her. Any of you guys got the makings? Just don't forget where you got them, huh? Thanks. Hey, Harry. Yeah? You know that picture you got of her? You know the one where she's wearing shorts? Well, uh, I was just thinking, you don't want it no more now, why don't you give it to me, huh? Okay, Harry. What would you do with it, Fats? Oh, nothing. Just I ain't got no family, and I could sort of make like she's kinfolk.  I know what you mean. Well, no. Ah, you guys, you ain't got no feelings. Here's your tobacco, Joe. Thanks. That's okay, Jeffers. Joe, that plane never been late before. Not since I've been here. Man, I'm getting nervous. Where are you supposed it's at? Martha, why don't you turn that thing off? Do they know what went down yet? One of the CIA men spotted about 30 miles this side of Sabre Light right in the middle of that cypress swamp. How are you going to get to it? Well, look, the only way we can. George! Don't worry. Bert's going with me. We'll have plenty of help. From where? Who's going to help? We're taking four to five trustees from that road gang. They're closer to it than anybody else. They're going to help you walk, Joe? No, Martha. You know what Doc Lang said? You ought to exert yourself. I'll be all right. I swear I don't understand why it's your place to go at all. Martha, as long as I'm the sheriff of this county, it's my job. Well, you'll be back. I don't know how it pins and how long it takes us to get in there. There's Bert with the truck. Be careful, George. I will. Before we'd finished our grits, we'd heard what had happened on the plane. By 9.30 we were sitting in the back of the county sheriff's truck, bumping over an oyster shell road headed west toward the gulf. The sheriff and his deputy had picked Harry, Jeffers, Fats and me because we knew the swans and because we were trustees. After about half an hour they stopped the truck. We piled up. Man to sit on. All right, you man. All right, knock it off. The sheriff wants to say something. When we walk, and as fast as we can, when we reach the plane, we'll clear the trees and brush so a helicopter can get in to carry out the bodies. Any question? Sheriff, how far is that plane from here? About 10 miles southeast. Something bothering you, mister? Just thinking. 10 miles of swamp can be a long way. Sheriff, how do we go about finding it? The plane from Lakeland will drop a smoke part on it in about five hours. It'll burn long enough to guide us in. Anything else? What are we going to clear those trees out with? There's a cross cut and a hand saw and an axe in the truck. You want to say something, bud? Yeah. I'm not turning loose this shotgun at no time. First man even looks like he's thinking about a break, gets it right in the gut. All right, grab a saw.  Yes, sir? You told the axe. We're all some of that blubber. Yes, sir.  They are trustees. Maybe three of them. I ain't seen their records, but not Harry Brier. You know what he did. A lot of men might have done the same thing. We've never been in that kind of situation. Well, I'll tell you this. Road boss can call him a trustee all he wants. It ain't going to cut no ice with me. We started, then, single file for the sheriff leading and the deputy behind us. That would be crazy enough to run. Even if we did get clean away, where'd we go without money? We really moved along until we hit swamp. Then every step we took, our boots went in up to our ankles.  What about him? He's going to drop most any time. He's sick, Joe. Go on, sheriff. Drop. Drop, sheriff. Take a break, you may fall out. And your back's up against the street. Sheriff's got the deputy worried. Look how he's unloosening his collar for it. Yeah. And you guys hungry here? No. All right. I think I'll eat one of them sandwiches. Joe. Mm-hmm? You been thinking about that plane? No, I don't like to think about things like that. I just hope I can forget them. I've been thinking about it, Harry. You know, every night when he used to come over, I sort of imagined I was on it. And the stewardess was being nice to me, bringing me my food and all. Boy, she was sure pretty. I mean, at least I thought so.  Stop talking about it, will you? Joe, that plane was carrying lots of things besides people. Maybe. No. No, maybe. That was a big plane. Four motors. A plane like that carries mail, packages, sometimes real valuable stuff like money being shipped from one bank to another. Yeah, yeah, yeah, Harry. And what's been holding us up? Money. It's no good, Harry. You crazy? Why not? Are we going to keep the sheriff or the deputy from seeing us? They're four of us. They can't watch all of us at the same time. Come on, Joe. It's what we've been waiting for, ain't it? Tell them it's what we've been waiting for, Harry. He knows it. I don't need to tell him. Well, I guess we got nothing to lose. OK, Harry, OK. Knock it off. Come to the deputy. You, what's your name? Joseph McGuire. What are you doing? Eight to ten, armed robbery. Second offense. You? Henry Fatscarver. Offense. Oh, sir, it was a misunderstanding. I know you're innocent. Yes, sir. I'm sure glad... Never mind, never mind. All right. All right, I know you, Harry. You? Hmm? What's your name? Paul Jeffers, sir. Offense? Burglary. First offense. You think you can find your way back to the truck? Why, yes, sir. I think so. All right. Go on over to the sheriff. He's sick. You're taking him back. And don't you rush. Do it easy, yeah? Yes, sir. The rest of us are going on. Fats, you're going to lead. Oh, I know which way to go, sir. I got the compass now, I'll tell you. Joe, you follow Fats.  We started again. And there are only four of us now. Fats, Harry, me and the deputy. Three of us against one of him. We didn't say anything we didn't need to. But we were waiting. Waiting for that one moment when he'd take his hands off that shotgun. Then it came. Okay. Okay, Fats, hold it up. Do you men see smoke rising off ahead? No. Not yet. Hey, Mr. Deputy, can somebody else carry this here, I ask? No. Joe. Sir, are you sure we're headed in the right direction? I'm sure. He's not so sure. Look at him, Joe. Yeah, I know. He's going to reach in his pocket for that compass. Fats. There he goes. Now, Fats, now! The gun, Harry, get the gun! Harry didn't need the shotgun. Fats had used the axe. I picked up the compass and we turned away to the southeast. Something bothering you, Joe? Huh? I don't know. I was just thinking. About what's at the plane? Oh, I was thinking about that deputy. Don't feel bad about him. He was itching to use this here shotgun on us. Yeah, that's right. I just don't know. You suppose he had a family? Him? Food married something like him. Hey, hey, hey. Hey, you guys! Hey! What's the matter? Look at it! What? It's smoke. Blank smoke. It's the plane! Come on! Come on, it's the plane! You are listening to Quiet Night, tonight's presentation in Radio's outstanding theatre of thrills, Suspense. For a good time tomorrow during the day, don't miss the goings on when it's Arthur Godfrey time. Remember every Monday through Friday you can join those gifted fund makers over most of these same stations. And now we bring back to our Hollywood soundstage Stacey Harris starring in tonight's production Quiet Night, a tale well calculated to keep you in suspense. We were heading for that thin stream of black smoke rising out of the swamp that marked the position of the fallen plane. Ahead of us in a straight line, about 200 yards long and 50 wide, the tops of the trees have been neatly sheared off for the wings. And then we saw it. Parts of the plane were scattered about in the mud as far as we could see. Things had burned, but nothing else. Cabin was in two sections, with a larger section dead ahead of us. We climbed up into it. Joe, you ever been in a plane like this? Once? Yeah, when? When I was trying to get out of the country. You know where they'd keep mail and stuff like that? I think so. I think it'd be up front, but where the pilot sits. Maybe in here somewhere, huh? Yeah, I think so. Let's take a look at it. I haven't seen anything this bad since the Navy. You and the Navy? For you. Just for you. It wouldn't take me. I got a bad knee. I tried to get in, but I'm kind of this bad knee of mine. Here it is, Harry. Come on, let's get it out of here. Come on, that's... Grab a hold of one of these here bags. Boy, this thing's... listen. It's a helicopter. Come on. What about this mail bag? Come on. Busy chopping on that tree. Oh, not yet. It's too thick. He's gonna have to get right over us. You think he's looking for that deputy? I hope not. No, but he can use that radio his. If he thinks something's wrong, they'll come after us before we get a chance to get out of the swamp. Harry, come again? He's planning on us making a clearing to Atenland. He's got a long way to go. Get out of that mail bag, Joe. 482. Not bad. Well, why don't we look in that other part? Maybe we'll find some more stuff. Maybe we've got about 1,500. That'll get us to Cuba. From there, we can work our way down to South America. When do you think we'll get there, Harry? A couple of weeks, fans. We can rent a boat in Lakeland. A friend of mine's got one. Now, that's providing we get across to Lakeland tonight. How far is Lakeland from here? 15, 20 miles. I'm tired. How come we gotta make it all in one night?  We better leave in about an hour. Hey, we got any more of them sounds you left? Nah, nothing.  Take a look in the galley. You know what? The galley. Over there. A tail section. A stewardess usually keeps a food back in there. Okay, I'll go take a look. Cigarette, Joe? No. Tailor maid? I don't want one, Harry. Okay. Oh, here. Let me give you your share. You keep it. What? Keep it, I said. I don't want it. What's the matter with you? I don't know. I know I'm getting fed up with everything. Us, this place, fats, you, everything. Nah, you'll feel better when we get on that boat to Cuba. Hey! Hey, you guys! Now what? Yeah? Come here quick! What? What is it? Take a look from here. Look. Look at her. Let me see. These kids alive. You crazy. How could he be? I don't know, but look at him. Nah, he's probably so messed up inside, he won't live long. Well, you can't tell. Kids like this are strong. They take a lot of bonds back hard. What do you reckon we should do about him? Nothing. Just walk away from him, will you? Just forget he's here? What else can we do? You a doctor, am I?  If we're going to get to Lakeland before morning, we can't fool around with him. Fats, make this rag outside. Dip it in some water, will you? So you put a cloth on his head. What are you, Joe? Some kind of healer? You got a magic cloth? Come on, Fats, do it, huh? Come on, Harry, help me straighten him out. Come on. Hand me that blanket behind you. Yo. I'm not leaving this kid, Harry. What? I told you how I felt about things before. I'm fed up. I would have gone, but not... Well, I can't now. But, Joe, you're the one that's been talking a ski. You stood by why we killed the deputy. All right. You watch. Now, all of a sudden, you get religion. Why? This kid, that's why. This kid dies. He'd be just the same as if he were with barrels of that shotgun right in his face and pulled a trigger. Now, how do you figure that? Because if that helicopter had a place to land, he'd be in a hospital by now. That's how. Hey, guys. The sun's starting to go down. Give me that rag. Hey, maybe I can help, Joe. Let me see... Get out of here, will you? Now, go on. Both of you, get out. I'll give you half an hour. Then you're coming with us. And, Joe... What is it? Don't you worry about it? That kid'll be dead by then. But the kid didn't die. And in a few minutes, his breathing came easier like he knew he wasn't alone anymore. I looked through his clothes for some kind of identification, but there wasn't any, not even his flight ticket stub or baggage check. He'd been traveling with somebody, his father or mother, or both. But he would live. Yeah. Yeah, I'd get him to a hospital in time. And someday... Well, someday he'd know what I'd done for him. It was a nice dream, and then a half hour was up. Joe! I'm over here, Harry. You notice this guy? He's clouding up. Yeah, I notice it's gonna rain. We're leaving, Joe. Well, go ahead. You're coming with us. We can't let you stay, Joe. They'll be here in the morning. You'll tell them where we've gone. Now, you know me better than that, Harry. Sure. Not even if they promise you a pardon. I'm not going with you, Harry. Now, you and Fats can... Where's Fats? Where is he, Harry? Fats! Fats! Fats! What did you do to the kid? Now, Joe, Joe, I didn't do nothing to him. Harry told me to, but I didn't. Don't hit me, Joe! Please! That's enough, Joe. Cut it out. You put him up to killing the kid, huh, Harry? It's for your own good, Joe. Far good. We gotta stick together. No. Not now. Not after this. You got a choice. I think so. Against this shotgun. It's clouding up outside, Harry. You can't make the Lakeland without stars. Or without a compass. Huh? Where's it at? What'd you do with it? Uh-uh. No soap, Harry. You want that compass? You give me the shotgun. You hid it while you were outside just now. That's right, Harry. Tie him up, Harry. We can make him tell us where it is. You want to try, Fat Boy?  Well, go on. You got all night. No. You know we haven't. Okay, Joe. You win. Oh, Harry!  All right, Harry. Break the shotgun. Come on. Give me the barrels and I'll go get you the compass. They left a few minutes later. I didn't bother to wish them luck because I knew it wouldn't do any good. I put another blanket over the boy and went outside. It was just beginning to rain when I picked up the axe and started chopping away at one of the giant cypress trees. It might take all night, but tomorrow that helicopter had a place to land. And I heard it. There was a ghost coming in from the gulf heading across Everglades toward Miami. People in Lakeland had to hear it about six minutes. Other people too, clear across the state, and it was gone. For a moment, it was a real quiet night. Only for a moment. Stacey Harris starred in tonight's presentation of Quiet Night. Listen again next week when we bring you another presentation of Radio's outstanding Theatre of Thrills. Suspense. Houston directed in Hollywood by Anthony Ellis. Tonight's script was written by Charles B. Smith. The music was composed by Lucian Morrowek and conducted by Wilbur Hatch. Featured in the cast were Helen Kleeb, Herb Butterfield, Charlotte Lawrence, Tony Barrett, William Forester, Joseph Kearns, Joe Duvall, and George Walsh. For dramatic excitement, don't miss the next explosive episode of the FBI in Peace and War. Tomorrow night over most of these same stations. Stay tuned for five minutes of CBS News to be followed on most of these stations by The Jack Carson Show. The workshop presents the new and unusual Friday nights on the CBS Radio Network.


Yes, that sounds like my microphone is working. Welcome to this last main-track talk. I'm going to speak about Caligra, and I was asked to make this talk as technical as possible, so you will see C++ codes on these slides. Let me first introduce Caligra. The name Caligra might be rather new to you, because it's a new name, but it's a name for a project that's already quite old. It started over 10 years ago under the name of K-office. Caligra is an application suite that comprises both productivity applications, as well as creativity applications. That's how I came in. I'm not one of the maintainers of the productivity applications. I maintain the painting application, Krita, which is just one of the many applications in this suite. Caligra is being developed by 30 to 70 people. It depends a bit on how you count, who you count. Additionally, several companies are interested in the development of this software. My own company, KOGMBH, was founded by me, by another guy from the Calves community and some other people. NoCars is interested in using Caligra in their mobile devices to provide office document functionality. There are other companies around the world that use Caligra. There is a Vietnamese company I've heard about, because they joined us on ISE and asked a couple of questions. They are doing something tablet-related, but we are not exactly allowed to know what. There's a German company, which uses the word processor inside a medical further application. Doctors walking around in a hospital and taking notes on their patient forms used in Caligra. There is a company in London, which integrates it in their financial application. The thing is, and this is what Caligra can do for you, if you are developing software that needs office document compatibility, editing and viewing, then embedding Caligra as a component can give you a head start. In our community, we often say what we are aiming for is not just a set of really cool desktop applications. That's one thing we are doing. We are making desktop applications. They are quite cool. We are also trying to sort of become the webkit in the office document arena, where if you have an office document and you want to do something with it in your application, on your device, your form factor, you can just use this component and go. And that's what I'm going to show in this presentation. First, I'll give you a short overview of the architecture of Caligra, and then we will look at the different ways to embed a Caligra component in your application. So, some history to start with, because it's often said that we are often asked, why are you working on yet another office software application? There are others, and they were already free. I think the very first free office application was the Andrew Street by the Carnegie Mellon Institute. It's on the top left. I'd actually supported embedding pictures tables en ben het e-mail. Het was wel cool, maar als software gaat, was het heel, heel hard te gebruiken. Dan hadden we iets called CIAC-office with a word processor called Pathetic Writer. En dat software is sort of petered-out. Deze applicaties waren al in existence when around 1997, 1996, people inside the KDE community started thinking about creating a full-featured free office solution. A couple of years later, open office was free. What do we have in Caligra? The screenshot you see is really cool. That says the office application running on an N900 mobile phone. Nokia would like me to call it a mobile computing platform. Het supports presentations, spreadsheets, word processing documents you can add it. It's called all kinds of fun features like being able to use your phone while giving a presentation and shaking it, and then you will go to the next slide. I didn't dare do that here. The other applications in Caligra are word staging tables. Those are word processing, presentation. I'm using stage here to give my presentation, and it hasn't crashed yet. Tables, spreadsheet, plan. It's a project planner. Flow, a diagram application, which has been dead for a long time. When we moved from KDE3 to KDE4, from KFS1 to 2, a couple of applications really fell by the wayside. The maintainer was too busy. No development done anymore. But these days we've got a new guy working on Flow. He's from Beijing, and he will join us at our next Caligra developer sprint. So there's a really good chance that this application will be back in the next release. And then, actually, it's a database application. It's kind of like Microsoft Access, but cool. So what's the basic architecture of a Caligra application? I'm going to use this screenshot of our vector art application, Carmen, to show you the basics as they are shown to the user on the desktop. We've got a canvas. The big difference between applications in Caligra are not the individual code basis, because we share a lot of code. All the objects you see on screen are small, fine-grained objects implemented in plugins that every application can use. This vector graphic, you can embed it in a Word document. You can embed it in your presentation. You can embed it in your spreadsheet. You can embed it in your Raster Graphics art in Krita. The difference between these applications is the canvas. So, for instance, a Word Processing application has this long, long, long list of pages. And every page has text and a header and a footer. On the canvas is shown as a long list. A presentation is slides, so you have lots of different slides and they are all shown separately. A spreadsheet has got sheets, sheets possibly infinite in size, although that's not really practical at the moment. And those sheets can be stacked as well. Those are the real big differences between the canvases and so between the applications. Many places in Caligra, we have tried, and this is one area where we are still looking for the really, really correct user interaction design, but we've tried to make it similar for all applications. You've got your canvas.  And then you've got a list of panels that show you the current settings of your tools and of your objects. Finally, all Caligra applications are still k-parts. The k-part technology is close to what liberal officers, as you know, what Microsoft officers are already embedding. What it used to be was we embed a whole application canvas inside the canvas of another document. Everyone will probably have seen this screenshot of a Microsoft Word document with a Microsoft Excel document and that is a table. That principle, we've dropped. So you do not embed whole documents in documents anymore. That does not mean that the k-part embedding technology has been lost. Every document is k-part, so you can embed your canvas as a k-part in another application. And we will discuss that some more later on. So what is Caligra based on? Caligra, as an application, is not written from scratch using just C++ and standard library. Because we are using, as our foundation, some great platforms, we were able to reach the current state of functionality with all these applications included in under one million lines of C++. And I'm quite sure we can even get rid of a number of those as well because if your application is 10 years old, you are going to have some cruft. So what are we using Qt for? Qt is our main GUI platform, but Qt is more than just a rigid library. It provides our platform abstractions. It provides us with threading. We use threading a lot. It provides our XML handling. And it provides, and this is quite unique, our text document architecture. What Qt provides is a complete rich text document abstraction where you can add paragraph by paragraph, style by style, table by table, a complete and long text document. And that's the basis of what we use in our text component, which is, again, shared among all applications. The work process uses the same text component as the roster image editor. This text document can then be layouted. And there's an abstract layout engine, which we have subclassed in Caligra to provide more precise layout. Qt is the lowest basis we use. On top of Qt, we have KDE. And KDE is not optional. We use KDE, for instance, for plugin loading. And Caligra is heavily based on plugins. Even the text layout component, the text component you type text in. Even that is a plugin. If anyone thinks I can make a better text layout plugin, he just has to implement the interface and then the functionality, which is a bit more work. Scripting, scripting is done using the cross library, which means that if you want to extend a Caligra application with a script, you can use any language with cross supports, which is Python and Ruby and Perl and Java and JavaScript en even something called Falcon. We use it for JobCube, which is another form of threading. For instance, printing is done in the background using threading. Then we use it for settings, which is sort of a hot topic these days, since Ubuntu is busy writing yet another settings library for Qt. We'll see what happens to that. For now, we use Kconfig and are happy with the performance of that. We use it for the translations, the internationalization. KDE, everyone has an opinion on KDE, but if you go and talk to a mobile device manufacturer, their opinion of KDE is, it's too big. Initially, what we did when Nokia wanted to put a chaos-based mobile office viewer on MIMO was to cut down KDE en kut away all the code that wasn't directly used. So most of it is just stubs. It's a fork. It's MIMO specific.  Keep away from it. Then there are two other possibilities. Just use plain KDE, like your Linux distribution packages, like it's packets for Windows. People complain and tell you it's big. It's really just 40 megabytes. Just compare that to the size of your SD card in your camera or your phone. Using plain KDE has the advantage that you are binary compatible with official releases. However, there's another option. That's the KDE mobile profile. It was created by KDEB and KL people. KDEB is a German company focusing on KDE technology. And K.O. is also a German company focusing on KDE technology. What we did together was go through off KDE and remove everything that's deprecated. That's still there to be compatible with source code written in KDE in three days. That's still there to be compatible with ideas that we've long since discarded. KDE mobile profile is also KDE cut-up into smaller parts. Big libraries have been split up in small functional components for you. Only need to take what you need for your application. And that's surprisingly little for Caligra. Caligra is a big, big KDE application. It uses a lot of technologies. And still we only need 11 megabytes of supporting libraries. What we use this for is platforms like Mego. Mego for netbooks, Mego for handsets. This is really suitable as a platform to build on for the future. And if you are making a Windows application, and that's Caligra technology, and want to create an installer. And I know of at least two separate cases where that happens in a big environment with many hundreds of users. Dan had also compiled a mobile profile of KDE. The mobile profile of KDE is not a fork. It's right inside the KDE Git repository, which was created last week when KDE moved from Subversion to Git. This is the dependency graph for the Caligra mobile application. The Caligra mobile application is the same as Free Office for MyMone. The top half is what Caligra uses. The other half are the KDE libraries. We actually really need KDE Core, KIO for IO, which is Network Independent, Kparts for embedding, because still every Caligra application is a Kpart. If you use a document in Caligra, an Office document, then you have a Kpart. And some other stuff like Solid for Hardware, Retrognation, KSM Utils for Settings, Notifications, mainly for the Spreadsheet module. En dan is er een host of other dependencies. Most of them optional, fortunately. Some of them used by only one or two applications, like OpenShiva, which is really, really cool technology to write pixel transformations. MyPetProjectTreater uses that. But this is to show that this is not a huge standalone application with tens of millions of lines of code where everything that was not invented here is invented here after all. We are not afraid to use other people's technology. And I think that's a good thing. It does give some headaches for packaging for Windows, though. So these are the four big, big parts that make up Caligra. And I will be discussing them here. We have what we call shapes. Shapes are really small, fine-grained objects that combine data, a way to represent the data, and a way to load and save the data. We have a canvas. A canvas represents your pages for the particular kind of document you need. All these are shapes. And actually, this is two shapes in one, the chart and the labels. Dan we have the filters. The situation there is getting a little bit unclear these days. But one firm principle was that a filter in Caligra is independent of the application it filters through. So if you filter from a Microsoft Office document, what you get is an ODF document. And the ODF document is what the Caligra application reads. That works fine for presentations. It works totally fine for text. But we were running into performance problems for spreadsheets, for really big spreadsheets. So we had to let go of that principle a bit. And then there's plugins. Plugins is just a big basket of things that we don't code into the core. Like color management. Color management is evil for text documents. Quite important these days. If you create a text document you want to have it professionally printed, you have to have a color managed image. So we have a color management library based on little CMS. But the dependency on little CMS is optional. That's encapsulated in a plug-in, a color engine plug-in. Our tools are plug-ins. Our shapes are plug-ins. Most of user interfaces plug-ins. If you look at an application like Caligra tables you will see options for sorting and filtering and data handling. And most of those are plug-ins dat use de KDE, Component Technology, K-part, which Michael Meeks says does no longer exist. But it does use that specific technology to combine those plug-ins into the query that make Caligra tables for you. Code layout. What I hope is that all of you will be checking out our Git repository start hacking. So I'm going to tell you where to find which bits of code. There's the libraries. The libraries contain the Flake library, which handles those shapes. It contains the text library which loads ODF text and styles. It contains some supporting widgets and it contains the main document application fewer controller abstractions. Then there are all the applications in their own directory. And most of those applications have sub-directory called part, which implements the K-part. Then there are tools. The tools are, right now, but that's just an accident. One of the tools is the Caligra mobile application. It should be moved. But it contains scripts to handle our document, test document repository, to find test documents on the web, to do standalone conversion. Caligra has a huge repository of real-life documents that we test against every commit until we break the build server. Plugins, that's where you find all those plugins. And filters is where you find all the filters that create open document or give an open document, create an export format. This is something I have to be quite honest about. Our input filters really are good these days. They have improved a lot. We have good support mainly for the Microsoft Office document file formats. We also have good support for some other file formats. We don't really have export filters anymore. Most of them got broken and they haven't been repaired and that's going to take a really huge effort. And we haven't embarked on that effort yet because mostly people are interested in loading their documents and reading them. We don't know what will happen in six months. So let's look at what the filter looks like. The filter is really simple. You have a desktop file and the desktop file defines which mind type you go from, which mind type you go to. And then in your implementation, you implement a convert function that takes us, arguments, those two mind types from and to.  This is more or less a filter. So be defensive. Check that you indeed got documents of the right mind type. That's the first part. Then get your input and output files. Chaos in caligar can chain filters. So you can go if there is no direct conversion from one mind type to another, but there is an intermediate format. We can go through the intermediate format. That's called the chain. We get the input file and we get the output file. We have to read the name of the file we have to write to. We create a chaos store, which is a file system abstraction on that file, which we are going to write to. Then we write the interesting bit of code. I put it in the comment here. That can be really complicated, especially if you look at the older established office formats. And then we close the file. If that succeeds, we return okay, and everything is okay. We've just converted the document. The bit that I've commented out is really the interesting bit, of course, but that you will have to do for your own filters. Shapes. Document made up out of all these small shapes. Because you don't know when you start out which shapes you will have, which shapes you will need. Shapes are plugins. In order to make it possible for the system to find which shape to load for which part of open documents. We have this support function in a shape factory. The shape factory will create shapes. So what happens is we go through all the factories that are registered in the system one by one and check, are you supporting this type of ODF element? En dan, one factory says, yes, I do, I do, I do, I do. Give me a chance. Then we call create a default shape, which is just an empty version of that shape. And then, on the shape, we call load ODF. And the shape populates itself as the data and is now ready to be used, shown or edited. So what does the shape do? A shape loads itself, paints itself. And then when asked, it will save itself. To ODF, that's what we do in our core. When all these shapes are loaded, your document is created and you see your document, you want to do some stuff to it. Remove text, add text, paint on it. And it can get quite complicated because these days people have a mouse. We have to send mouse events. We have to send stylus events if you've got a graphics tablet. We also got creativity applications. And then if you've got a graphics tablet, you might as well have two input devices. You might have an art pen and a stylus. And we keep track of all those. So what happens is, the system sends to your application window, they go to a widget or a graphics item. They send it on to your canvas. Your canvas sends the event to a tool manager. En the tool manager checks, wait, this was a mouse with this ID. OK, and I haven't seen it before, so I create a new tool instance and then the tool can handle the event. So we keep track of all the input devices the user has used and for every input device we create all the tools the user has wanted to use. Now, what is a tool? A tool is not just something to manipulate a factor with. A tool is also a thing you use to enter and delete text. So our text component, which is, again, a plug-in, is a shape, has its own tool, the text tool. And when you activate your text box on-screen, the text will get activated, you can type and select styles and create both an italic text and delete text and search, et cetera. So the whole concept of tool is really, really quite wide here. En dat also means that the interface of a tool is really big. This is just a subset. Again, a tool can paint itself on the canvas. Because if, for instance, you want to drag a box on-screen, you want to show those rubber bands.  All that is tool decorations. Dan, a tool has option widgets, because the action of a tool is sometimes different. Something like that. And a tool has to accept all these mouse events, mouse press event, tablet event, enzo on, enzo on, enzo on, enzo on. I've just put the mouse press event in there and all the other events. And then a tool knows about the data that's inside the shape. So sometimes tools are really quite specific to a particular shape. Text tool can't do anything to a path shape or a chart shape. So a tool is also used to implement cut, copy, and paste from the content of a shape. Cut, copy, and paste of the shape itself is handled on a higher level. So where are we, right? Telegra, your application. I just couldn't resist including the screenshot, because this is cool. So on finally managed to fix all the Linux essence, all the GCC essence today, and managed to make Kalligar compile on Windows again. We're all working on Linux. We don't really give... We don't really care much about Windows. Or OS X. But there's this guy and his Linux laptop broke down, so he had to use his work laptop and he wanted to hack on Kalligar anyway. So this works. But we've also... I also know a company that uses Kalligar embedded in their own Windows application. They also develop on Linux because what self-respecting developer would want to develop directly on Windows these days. But then they have to build it for Windows. So I'm really happy for them that we managed to fix this. If you want to embed a Kalligar component, a Kalligar canvas in your own application, there are basically three strategies. At this point, I have to admit that there is something wrong in the realm of Kpart. Kpart embedding is the oldest component technology in KDE. It's what used to be used when you were running Conquer and you would browse the web and click on a document and then the document would be shown embedded in your browser. I still think that was way cool. It still works fine for Kalligar works. But when I tried for this presentation, I'm afraid it was really broken for tables and it was mostly broken for stage. That it is broken doesn't mean it won't get fixed. I think we should fix it. That's your first embedding strategy. What happens if you do that? You have to have a K application. You have to have a K main window.  The Kalligar application will merge all the menus in the menus of the hosting application. It will try to merge the toolbars. It won't merge unless you use a K main window, the dockers and the toolbox. So editing will be tricky. Well, I'll have to do some work for that. You'll have to use a lower level interface to access the tool or even the document directly and perform changes if you want to have reading and writing. The second embedding strategy is a bit of a hack, a really cool hack. But it's a hack. It's QWitchit-based. I don't know whether how many of you guys are Q'd developers and are up to date on what Nokia is doing these days to Q'd. Basically Q'd used to be based on Wichits. Wichits are on Windows, Windows, they have a window handle, on X11, they are Wichits. That somehow doesn't scale to creating nice, animated, flipping, old dancing applications like we like to see these days. So what did they do? They took a perfectly fine canvas abstraction, Q GraphicsView, which was originally created to create huge canvases, mostly for industrial applications. Like if you were going to create a mapping application that would implement a map of, say, all of the Netherlands with all the streets and wanted to do traffic simulation on that Q GraphicsView was the perfect solution. But it could also animate, which is for traffic simulation also quite nice. But they then created a Wichit library on top of Q GraphicsView. They called it Litmigo Touch. It's deprecated by now, but it's still based on Q GraphicsView. So by now Q'd has two ways to handle Wichits. They have your ordinary QWichit and they have the newfangled already deprecated Litmigo TouchWichits. De very first time we tried to embed Caligra into a mobile application, we used QWichit because this was for MIMO, for Freemantle. It didn't have the fancy Q GraphicsViewWichits yet. So what did we do? We grabbed our Caligra application, we grabbed the main view. It's a model view controller system, so we grabbed the viewWichit and in the viewWichit we grabbed its childWichit, the canvas. So we would lose all the decorations, manual bars, toolbars around the main canvasWichit. We would hide the parent viewWichit, take this canvasWichit, which we were really happy to have, and put it right in a new parent. That's what free-office users of MIMO Freemantle. It's really easy to do. It is a hack, but it works. It's totally okay to do it that way. Last summer, Nokia had more than a dozen interns in Bangalore working on extending free-office for MIMO with way-cool plug-ins and editing capabilities. And these guys, they were really brilliant, really good guys. They took this code base and took it places where you would never expect of it. Like the shaking thing I mentioned, but also direct block support. New type in your free-office on Calico Mobile, your block entry, press a button, and it's there on blogger.com. Anyway, this is what we used for free-office. Dan came Lipnico Touch and Qt Quick, QML. For that, we really needed to have a canvas that supported Q-graphics items. So what did we do? We abstracted away the hard-coded widget dependencies of the Calico Canvas code and we created another Canvas type based on Q-graphics widget. And that you can embed in a Q-graphics view or in a QML, QDeclarative application. That has yet found that it's really flexible. You can do nice animations with your documents now. Let me see whether I can show it. This is just a test application. Kinetic scrolling, stuff like that. Zoom in, zoom out. That's a kind of card tables application, but it's got a complete new UI. And this, by the way, this, no, this. Where did my application go? This one. Free-office. That's my presentation in free-office. It uses exactly the same presentation component. But in a user interface, this is running on my desktop. I just compiled it on my desktop. But if you compile this on a tablet or for your mobile phone, you can scroll and flick with your finger. The buttons are big enough to be finger-usable. So across all these form factors, mobile devices, tablets, netbooks, desktop applications, a huge variety of desktop applications. You can still use the same engine. And that's a really unique capability. Of course, it's early days. We are learning as we go. The interfaces haven't really, really been set in stone yet. There are still some problems where you really have some difficult issues to fix, to work with. For instance, if you don't want to use the text tool to manipulate text, you have to use the text document, the text editor interface. That can be tricky. If you want to implement your Qt-Caligra application, you have to have a way to tell the canvas when to zoom and when to scroll. That can be tricky as well. So the main integration point for your application en the Caligra engine is the canvas. A canvas shows what's in a document. Right here you see one limitation almost immediately. One document can have more than one view and one view can be shown on a widget. Right now it's not possible to show your document in more than one graphic view. So start with the document. You've got a file you want to load. A simple text file. Dan we check what the MIME type of the text file is en we ask the KDE plug-in system, which is very sophisticated, to give us an instance of the document class that can load this file. All Caligra documents are based on KO documents. So that's the class we are going to get. We haven't opened the document yet. We just have an instance of a class which comes from a plug-in. So the list, the set of documents we can read is extensible. We just have a document that's empty. Now we want to load it. We load it from a URL. Loading from a URL means we are loading it network transparently, whether you want to load from the hard disk of your laptop, or whether you want to load from a website, it will work. When we have the document, at the moment when we have the document and have the document loaded, we are still completely free in what we want to do. Want to go for k-parts? That's possible. Create a main window, which is a k-part main window. You have to set class that. You have to implement some methods. They are all quite clearly described in the API documentation. Then create a GUI from your part. The KDE k-parts technology is smart enough to have a generic create GUI that takes your part, which is our document, and creates a GUI from that and embed it. This technology has worked since KDE 2 with minor variations and API changes. If you want a few instead, and you've got your loaded document, then you tell your document, create a few. And then you've got a widget, a k of u is a q widget, which for now is invisible. You also need a q main window, or a k main window, or an m main window, depending on a particular variety of platform you're using. You simply grab the canvas widget out of the few and set it as your central widget. And then you've got your document. It's shown. It will even scroll already. It will even zoom, although you might have to implement some actions in your application to connect to the zooming functionality in KL View. QL, Q of Graphics View, is a bit more complicated. You get your canvas item from the document, same as you would get a few. And then you have to, oh, that's the typo, you have to implement the KL Canvas Controller Class. The KL Canvas Controller Class is quite big. It's a huge interface. It's relatively new, so it's not entirely well documented yet. And it is responsible for all your scrolling, panning, en zooming needs. And it needs to be the thing that is shown in your application because your KL Canvas Controller is the first thing that gets the event. It needs to know somehow which events have to go to the canvas and which events it needs to do the scrolling and zooming. So, KL Canvas Controller, you set your canvas, which we just got from a few on the canvas controller. And then you have to integrate, implement these methods and integrate them with your application's user interface, scrolling, panning, zooming, zooming, en zooming. The proliferation of zoom methods is a ward in our API which we really should fix. But that's what you get when you develop software iteratively. These are two examples. I've already shown them live of applications where you can use your, where you can take your need for an application, your need for a user interface en create a customer application. The uglyness in menu bar is because this is a mobile application compiled from my desktop. So, where do we want to go from here? I think it is already quite, quite successful. There are tens of thousands of people who have used this in their N900s. I'm fairly confident we will see it on other mobile devices. We will see it on other desktops. But what are the problems that are left that we need to solve to make this really the webkit for the office document world? It's still really quite difficult to really dig in. This presentation just scratches the surface of what you need to do to implement your own category-based application. On the other hand, that's good. It's good that our APIs are not yet finalized, that there is still wiggle room for people with special needs, which makes this the perfect time to actually join this effort and take care of places that I haven't thought of yet. Telefissions could be good, other desktop applications.  It's totally fine with us. If someone takes the Caligra engine and builds a different paradigm on top of it, that's what the engine is for, to make it possible. We actually didn't realize that when we started working on Caligra in 2006, when we had a meeting in my place in the Aventure in the Netherlands with four or five K-office hackers. We sat down on what do we want to make? We want to make something flexible. We want to make it possible to create different user interfaces, but at that point we put the cut too high. We thought if you create a different user interface, you're going to create different tools, different dockers within the same basic applications. Now we know we have to be flexible at all levels. Even our filters are reusable. If WebODF gets integrated in a good many places and people want to use it to view Microsoft's binary formal documents, they can use KL Converter to convert to ODF. Read the ODF in WebODF, write the ODF back when your system is right, editing implementation, and then convert it back when somebody else is done with our Microsoft Format export filters. Because those are not done. We used to have an RTF export filter. There is rudimentary XLS export filter, but this is something that needs to be done right. When we started, again, looking at the import filters, we started with the PowerPoint import filter. PowerPoint is used a lot. And we wanted to have good support for it. The PowerPoint import filter was written during the Google Sum of Code project in 2007. En it was not easily solvable. The original author had left. The codebase was, well, not too large, not flexible enough. So we grabbed the bull by the horns and took the decision to rewrite it from scratch. Well, when I say rewrite, to generate most of it from scratch. Back then, good documentation was rare. These days Microsoft provides good documentation. En while personally don't have much use for Windows, I have to commend Microsoft in a way they have cooperated with us in the past year. They have invited people from our community to Seattle and have discussions with their implementers. And we've been able to help them in a small way. Marine Cross will bring our category tables maintainer managed to fix a Birken Excel in the import for all the type Excel filters. So that's where we are these days. The future is hugely exciting, I think. Can a car can spread and can become a really ubiquitous component. And that's going to be fun. Thank you. Thank you. We have some time left for questions. Are there any questions? I don't see anyone raising their hand. Oh, I guess there are no questions then. Well, thank you again. I hope I wasn't too technical.