Oil pipeline protesters accused of turning off two Minnesota pipelines appeared in Clearwater County Court today. 64-year-old Annette Kalpstein from Seattle, Washington, and 50-year-old Emily Johnston from Seattle were both charged with allegedly tampering with the pipeline in Leonard, Minnesota. They both faced felony charges of criminal damage to property and aiding and abetting criminal damage to property. Kalstein and Johnston were also charged with gross misdemeanors for trespassing and aiding and abetting trespassing. Stephen Lipte was charged with trespassing and aiding and abetting trespassing in connection with allegedly documenting the crime. I'll speak for myself alone. I dread the thought of going to prison, being away from my loved ones and away from the natural world and daily rhythms that sustain me. But far more than that, I dread the devastation to every life on this planet if we keep going as we are. What I have learned is that our political system is utterly unresponsive to the grave threat to our existence that climate change represents. So it is up to us to stop the fossil fuel industry from continuing to conduct business as usual. The activists are part of a group called the Climate Direct Action, which attempted to turn off five pipelines in four states. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Baywood 1 and 0-5-9. What you'll see in that is the remains of an old runway. I am a joint fire observer. My job is to support my short terminal attack controllers. There's a plane flying around at probably 5,000 to 7,000 feet. It's hard for him to see what we're looking at since we're on the ground. So what we do is we provide the mark to try to get his eyes onto the target. We usually mark targets with anything, lasers, smoke, trace around. And we make sure we kill the mad guy. The game plan is follows. Ike 1, fall on target. One behind Mark, 82 for aircraft. 36 spaces. JTAC is the only person in the Marine Corps besides the aircraft that actually dropped. They're taking responsibility for that ordinance.


Welcome to the sixth plenary of the 2022 International Conference on Sustainable Development. Our topic is Translational Knowledge to Shape Sustainable Urban Futures. It's my great pleasure to turn us over to our moderator, Dr. Eramar Revy, Director of the Indian Institute for Human Settlements. Eramar, the floor is yours. Thank you, Lauren. So it's a real pleasure to join you wherever you are in the world. I know some people are up very late at the moment, like many of us in New York, and others are just starting their day. So we're going to be running this webinar on Translational Knowledge to Shape Sustainable Urban Futures. I have with me a spectacular panel of colleagues who've been working on this theme for many years, but very closely over the last five. We have Professor Michael Keith from the University of Oxford in the UK, Professor Sue Pannell from the University of Bristol, and also the University of Cape Town in South Africa, Professor Pangyung Zhou from Peking University in China, who's also the chief editor of, you know, a key urban journal in this called Cities, and Professor Juan Carlos Duque from EFET University in Columbia. Now, all of us have been working together with a very large team over the last five years as part of the peak urban program that basically brings together work in five different countries, four different continents, and is sort of embedded in work in let's say in four cities in Beijing in Bangalore and Cape Town, and in Medellin in Columbia. And we've been trying to understand how sustainable urban futures would play themselves out. This is of course in the context of the sustainable development goals, particularly SDG 11 which focuses on sustainable cities and communities and the reason that I think this is important is, you know, about five years ago, a number of us including Sue and myself, actually put together a massive open online course, which looked at sustainable cities and communities, and try to introduce them, and the ideas to the world. It was pretty much shot in every continent including in many of the countries we're talking about just now. And it's done pretty well at the moment. It's on the SDG Academy work website. They're over, I would say, maybe 4045,000 people who registered on this course, and it gives you a good understanding of the basics of, you know, of sustainable cities and the key elements in the debates that took place while the SDG is being framed and subsequently from that. At the current point of time we're almost at the halfway mark between 2015 and 2030, and there are a whole range of new challenges that are kind of emerging. And this move will try and address them based on empharical knowledge from some of these sort of leading universities in the world who work on these questions, and have worked together with a whole range of researchers practitioners to try and understand what's happening. And we'll be considering sort of three themes at the moment to look at three challenges and opportunities. The first is the core challenge of generating this translation research that brings together research from multiple disciplines on a whole range of new cutting edge themes, and the second is that with what we call new urban sciences, which is in a sense, the foundational knowledges that will allow us to try and interrogate and address, you know, the wicked problems of dealing with sustainable cities, both now and in the future. The second question, of course, is the core challenge of addressing the global urban agenda, which is the SDGs, and a whole range of things that are tied to that including the Paris climate agreement, Sendai, and the new urban agenda which kind of underpins that process to link, you know, the global urban agenda, and the opportunity of international collaborations, which are, which are actually localized which are actually grounded in national and city context. So basically, connecting local processes and local initiatives with global science and global institutions. And the third one is a question of how one connects practices on the ground and you know that a whole range of practices that are there in each of the countries we're talking about tremendous interesting new challenges and sort of innovations having played themselves out. China, of course, is the most dramatic. We've seen, I would say the largest urbanization in history happening over the last 30 odd years in China. So how does one take the practices from that contrast that with the history of, let's say urbanization and urban processes in the Americas and in Europe, which happened a little bit earlier. And of course a hyper urbanization that we've seen in Latin America over the last few decades so how does one link that with with using research and bring that together with practice to shape urban future so that's the broad context we'll try and use these sort of three themes of translation research, the connections of the global urban agenda, global science and institutions and practice and shaping urban futures together. Now, the important thing that's emerged over the last five years is the question of international cooperation and trying to make this possible. In fact, I would say it's it's much more than international cooperation. It's a process that is enabled us to bring together, you know, whole range of researchers, some people who've been working in the space for decades, plus a whole range of younger people, postdocs, scholars, people who are actually doing the doctors and master to enable them to work across these geographies and address a range of no core questions, which underpin the connection between new urban science sustainability science.  So to kick things off in some senses, you know, I'd like to sort of request Michael to sort of dive in and give us some sense of how the peak program has kind of underpinned the knowledge that have helped us create the MOOC and how the process of building the MOOC has enabled a very wide engagement with with research questions and application across the world. So over to Michael. Thanks, Aaron. Thanks to all the colleagues and our hosts today for for this launch the launch of the shaping urban futures course, the MOOC, which is on Coursera now that we're launching today. The process is the product of an extraordinary collaboration between colleagues who are here, many colleagues who aren't here and I guess what we all shared throughout this whole process was a disposition if you like a way of thinking about the challenges of the future and particularly the challenges for future cities, precisely because the scale of change and the pace of change creates certain kind of dynamics about the way we think about cities we know that cities are not just systems but their systems of systems that their sites in which different systems interface transport systems health systems, economic systems ecological systems. They're there by they're unstable in some ways so some of the paradoxes of the way we think about when futures are on the one hand as I'll say in just a second we know an awful lot more and more about the very short term it is possible to use new ways of gathering data new ways of analyzing data to know enormous amount about the short term future. The pace of change accelerate sometimes it means that it sometimes is simultaneously the case, we know less and less about what happens over the longer the longer term. It's also the case that we were very committed, as you can see from the people in front of you in the MOOC itself, and in the work we did on the peak urban program to try and both recognize the historical legacies that confront every city the geographical specificities of every city, but at the same time try and build a form of inquiry that actually tries to have some fundamental ways of translating research into practice. The title of this session is is translational research what we mean by that is how we think about how research can move from the ivory tower into practice, but also from the field into the ivory tower with talking about relations between people who are finding solutions on the ground and academics as much as a direction of travel that just goes the other way so the way in which our program was designed was both to to combine a sense of the ways in which new, new forms of methodologies new ways of thinking about the cities what we're calling the new urban sciences lend us a sense of prediction the P of an acronym the P a K but at the same time, precisely because it is a changing so fast they are always particularly at the interface between different systems, the sites of newness coming into the world a sense of emergence that which is where the e comes from. And at the same time we also acknowledge that system cities are not straightforwardly technical systems or social systems associate technical systems part of the disruptions of cities are driven by technological change and the way those changes are adopted and how we make sense of these changes actually demands a parity of esteem between different kinds of analytical lenses different academic disciplines how one brings together engineers and architects and demographers and and health specialists means that we need to think about how the different forms of valuation, the values at the heart of different ways of seeing the city create trade offs between different ways of thinking about the city so with the way we talk about this is that we suggest that alongside a sense of trying to understand how the city works, the analytical questions of how the city works, we need to think simultaneously about the normative questions, the way in which we want the city to appear in the future to think about in whose image the city will be made. So those normative questions and those analytical questions also set up a further dimension for us that informs the MOOC that we need to also think about the operational space at which we operate. The fact that at times this is at the scale of the community, right the way down at the low scale working with people co producing ways of short shorter term or longer term solutions to problems. Other times it's at the scale of the city or maybe the city region, but it may also be at the level of the nation state, and clearly part of what we're interested in is thinking about how we build from these building blocks, a global urban agenda that isn't about imposing upon cities across the world a single way of thinking is using what we call this urban disposition to think about an approach to urban futures, a way of thinking about urban futures that recognizes that China is very different from Europe that's very different from India that's very different from the experiences of Latin America, or North America for that point and it's that, it's that disposition that kind of lens I think our MOOC a particular value, precisely because we read across different sites, not to synthesize them or to compare them but to try and learn from those differences and that diversity. And so hopefully that gives you a sense of how I think our collaboration has fed into this over the last few years. And I mean one way that it's been done, Michael is actually in the structure of the course, where you start with how to know the city, and then of course ask the question of what it is to know and know that's worth knowing in the city. And then of course how cities are changing because it's tremendous disruption of both social technical systems and social ecological systems and finally asking the really big question, which I think is critical not only for cities now but over the rest of the country and that is can cities transform themselves, and how can they help sort of transform the future in some senses in a very concrete way. So, just to come come to you here. Like I said, you know, China has gone through the largest urbanization in all of history it's transformed itself it's transformed its urban landscape in some senses so we'd really like to hear from you. So why China is important. How urbanization in China is different, and how the new urban sciences that are emerging in China have a lot to give to the world and what we can learn from that and you know how your own research and practices, sort of connect with these with these questions. So all yours. Okay, thanks. Thanks. So, yeah, everyone knows that is China noises become the one of largest the city, where you know so urban cities, urban residents living. So actually in the past 20 years, each year on average. It looks like it's 10 million people is moved from the jury to cities. So, I still remember, you know, I talked to these magic such as from, from a European that he talked to me, if you want to see if you want to observe. Urbanization, urbanization, proper precise live. And this one big case, China could be a good case, of course, there are the cases because in a very short period, there's a lot of big huge changes. Obviously, you know, just cover a lot of different aspects that people move from rare to cities, but you know, and in China, the situation is that many of my family still have land in rural areas, keeping on there. And so we see, and some researchers call that half organization or something like this, because you will see young people leave the city, the parents still in a rural area. So that's, that's bring lots of challenges, for example, aging in rural areas because all the people, they live in the rural area. And also for the young for cities, the cities become very young and cities grow very fast. So the young people, they adapt to new technology, very, very fast, you will see in cities, the people use that mobile phone, lots of new technical communication ways everywhere. So that's also bring new challenges to travel plan urban planners. So how we can make this young people or young generation urban citizens be happy or be familiar with these new situations. So, you know, this is for urban sense, when we, when we, when we call it in China, we do need to cooperate with our international partners, because each, you know, for urban sense, I think one of important research direction or one is how we can achieve some general rules of urban growth. So, you know, that probably European, European particularly UK cities already in a very high level of urbanization or very high, a mutual stage, I call it a mutual stage of urbanization, the people become stable. And so how they can manage that people in the, in the, in the station of rapid urbanization. So we need to learn that. And also how we can find some general rules of people movement from rare to the cities. And we need a general knowledge about that. So that means we need to know, we need to know not only the cities, the things happening in China, we also need to know the things happening in other countries. That's, that's the reason we need to work together. And also I understand that the very, very fast, very good relations in India too. And also in Africa, and also other, you know, countries, developed countries. So, I think this is a very good chance to make this urban sense, this urban sense, you know, interdisciplinary research areas come to, come to including China and other developing countries as well. So, according to my experiences, you know, for example, when I do the research at the Peking University, I co-operate with some colleagues from Cambridge University and also Oxford University, because my research may, may be focused on transportation or transport modeling or forecast the sense. So I co-operate with them to study some cases in Beijing or in China and the cities. And then we, you know, share some comments and share some ideas how we can do that. I think it's really, really, it's a time where we need to co-operate to do this in particular for some green, for some cities growing very fast. And China cities because many researchers have never seen such big challenges or big rapid changes in the past two or three decades. We need no different knowledge from different contexts. So we can mix it and learn it and re-transfer to local, some guidelines or local policy recommendations to get local governors. So I think that's very important to co-operate with international partners, particularly in this new era of urban sense. You know, as we know that urban sense actually is quite a new topic. And because this, you know, starts with some from, from scholars from the UK or U.S. And some big names there, Macabre Co or just like that, Macabre. So, and actually that new urban sense, it really depends on some new technicals or big data or some things. So I think we need to co-operate together with different visitors to, to, to, to, to observe or to study the local cases and then make the local cases, you know, to international, to tell international stories. So we can find some general, permanent general rules. So that's, yeah, that's, I think, for me, and I would say, yeah, that's, that's a very high nationality for international cooperation in this new urban sense, particularly for China researchers. They are, they are, they are keen to co-operate with outside, outside or see researchers to, to, to see how, to explain and to, to find how China's cities, why China sees growth just like this. So, and also, I think, you know, we, we, we are co-operating now, not only with this, with other countries, developed countries, also we need to co-operate with the India or developing countries so we can know each other, we can learn from each other. Yeah, that's for me, Albert. Thank you, Panong, that I think, you know, your absolutely right peak has given us the opportunity, not only to see what's happening in Beijing from your eyes, but also sort of comparatively in many ways, because what you were saying is absolutely correct. What the, you know, this wave that we've seen happening in China from the, let's say, early 1990s to now is starting to move through South Asia, and then, in fact, when it comes to Africa, it's going to become a tsunami over the next 20 or 30 years, because the African urbanization is completely unprecedented from such a small base. You know, China and South Asia have had historically strong urban cultures, but for Africa to go from, you know, 20 or 50 million people about a century ago in cities to a billion is going to be a remarkable change, not only technical but cultural, etc. And, you know, so you've seen this from a ringside view, as we try to construct this sort of global urban agenda in some ways. So, I mean, it will be very interesting to sort of reflect on how one connects the experience in Africa. And of course, many of the new agendas that are sort of coming together, not only the new urban agenda but questions of biodiversity which are coming up, very critically as we have to provide food and you know, water and other services. The big challenges we've seen in Durban sort of come to mind just about a month, month old, but also questions of climate change these are emerging challenges, which we sort of not conceived of in the past. And whether it's spun cities in China, or the kind of challenges that you've had to deal with. So, you know, in Africa, where transportation in a sense is a core element of trying to sort of to balance out the spatial divide so you know it'll be wonderful to hear from you on how this connection between the local to the global and back, like what William was saying, and the attempt to create new knowledges, you know, science is one element of it but there are other knowledges that that that are being created as we speak in the humanities and the social sciences. How you see that actually playing itself out. I think one of the things which is really nice about engaging the MOOC, as people register for it and begin to take up and work their way through it, is you get a lot of different voices from people grounded in different cities on exactly this question that Michael was trying to talk about of how do we take a slightly different disposition on the urban, one which recognizes that things are complex happening fast, happening in different ways in different places, but are happening across a range of social and technical and political changes that are transforming our world. So, no, clearly, the scale of urbanization in India or China is very evident at the moment and one sees that but if you're sitting in a city when a rural area of Africa and in your lifetime things are changing, you need to understand that and if you are trying to be involved in managing that process. Then you need to be thinking about it and even if you're living in Latin America and you've been in a context where they've been cities for some time, but you are faced with actually engaging those changes and engaging the realities of new urban spaces. You need to find ways to think about, to approach, to understand, to implement, which are commensurate with the problems, the problems are big. And that's a fantastic and exciting field to be in. And I think what has been refreshing about the peak program and I hope you will find refreshing in the MOOC is that there's a dialogue between places about what that means and sometimes when you see not the same problem somewhere else, although that is also reassuring because you can look and compare notes on how you can come about it. But when you're able to sit back and say, how can we approach this collectively that is refreshing, that is emboldening. That is what is really helpful. So what I think the urban disposition that Michael spoke about that is complex, understands complexity, recognises the imperative for new knowledge assumes that that is an interdisciplinary kind of knowledge, but also one that where the parts of knowledge which sit in different disciplines and professions and residents and states can be brought together. In other words, it's not something which is so intractable, we can't bring it together. That is helped by what we call this translational mode where we start off from the assumption that we want to solve problems. So if you're the kind of person who wants to understand the problem, wants to help design a problem and probably wants to be involved in implementing it. We think that this methodology, if you like, of having a translational approach to knowledge is helpful. And we think a disposition which embraces the components which are spelt out through KEAK, the peak disposition which the MOOC goes into detail on is really helpful. So that I think is particularly reassuring when you're sitting on the African continent where you are not, you're aware that there is even more to come than what you are already engaging. I think if you're sitting in China and India, you're in the middle of it. If you're sitting in Latin America or Europe, you probably are trying to address nuance, amend some of what wasn't done very well. So here in the African continent, you really can begin to think that perhaps you can do things differently from the first. And just very briefly, if I've got time to talk about why I think that is helpful to think about that globally, not just locally. I think when we come together and say, does it matter how colleagues in Africa do urbanization? We know that it does. Okay, it matters not just for them, but it matters for everybody. Because the way Chinese cities are built, the way Indian cities are built, the way Latin American cities are built, the way European cities and American cities were built has put us in the position that we are in.  There's a local component to thinking in a translational kind of way, but there is also a global component. And I think that's the context where things like the sustainable development goals are helpful because they help to set out a normative position. And so increasingly what you've seen are two things. One, the scientific community beginning to talk about a global urban science. Okay, helped along, not exclusively a big data approach. There's room for anthropologists there too. But at the same time, the wider intellectual community and I hope that there are some people who do the MOOC, who are in practice, who are beginning to say, well, we have to think about the values that we want in cities. Personally, I think it's helpful to say, what has this been in Africa, because that's a good litmus test. But why don't you listen to the cases in the MOOC and see whether you can make it apply in Indonesia, wherever it is that you're sitting. I think that's helpful. And that's what we mean by global urban agenda. Thank you.   You know, how Pudong is kind of just dramatically exploded over the last 20 or 30 years. So I think there are lots of things that we need to build on and learn from in terms of Chinese experience, both the challenges, but also the ways of dealing with things. So let me give you, I mean, from my point of view, my own lived experience to examples. One is the building out of high speed rail. You know, high speed rail was something that was thought to be things that would work only in rich and very well endowed countries fine. But the way China has kind of invested and connecting up now pretty much all of its larger urban centers with high speed rail puts it in a unique position to deal with the challenges of climate change for the 21st century because not only people but also the movement of goods and logistics becomes much more efficient and effective. And I guess the questions that emerge are, you know, for, for, for parts of South Asia or for Africa. Are these the kind of things that we should be looking forward to, you know, can countries really afford this at what stage of development and urbanization does one pick that up. More recently, the massive and this has happened, I think, you know, literally over the period of COVID the massive transition in, in vehicle ownership in China towards electrification. So, you know, I've seen it starting with electric buses. But now if you look at the car fleets, etc. There's a big shift that's taking place, apart from your metro system so even in the transpiration domain, which is really critical for urban functioning, etc. There are in very, very interesting experiences of making choices and I know from colleagues in China, a great debate that sort of opened up for the last 20 years of whether you should invest in infrastructure, or you should have a sort of also invest in people. And, you know, social protection and all the social safety nets and, in a sense China made a choice of investing very strongly on infrastructure, whether that works for for for China itself. What are the sort of underlying challenges, and what are the elements of this that we can draw upon as we go to sort of other geographies so you know some reflections on that might be quite interesting and then maybe one guy colors week we can pick up later on what we can learn from American cities I mean. So, first, Panjong just some reflections on that to connect in with what, what Sue was saying about lessons we can learn from across the world from China. Okay, thanks. Thanks, I'm also thanks. Yeah, what what you just told me so it's a big that's not a big challenge changes happening.  And these changes become very deep deep in social society of China. For example, the high speed actually high speed railway system totally changed that this so large area of country, you know, this is, you know, the people the young people, and they could easily find a job, and it's a job market become larger and larger. And also, you know, I did the research and three years ago and I also give the presentation in a university of Manchester. And so, my research main conclusion is that, you know, the larger city benefit more from the high speed infrastructure that small cities at this stage because when this has been really was built you find that small cities feel lost neighbors. And also some financial sources are on the sources, you know, to move into the big cities and big cities become larger and larger and richer and richer. So that's a big challenge actually. And you know, there's everything just like my call had two sides, has been is a good thing, and make people, you know, so move from here to there is easily. And you can, you can, you know, have a breakfast at this is this city. And then you can have that, you know, like dinner, you're not a city in Xi'an or breakfast in Beijing from Beijing to Xi'an you really take if you take a normal train would take 24, 27 hours, but now it's just a six or four hours, five and a half hours. That's me okay morning, I just have breakfast here. And I think it's good to, you know, make the differences between the differences in culture and consumption, you know, consumption, since between the two cities become smaller. And this brings big challenges to Xi'an because many, many, you know, new in many skilled workers, they moved to Beijing because Beijing that salaries in Beijing is high. Why, you know, I just live in Xi'an and then find job in Beijing. So you will find you will see the Xi'an lost some highly talented workers. You know, challenges and opportunities, they both could exist for these new technologies. Another big challenges, I think I want to share with you is that the Xi'an transport, we just mentioned that, you know, we share bicycle share, car share. Now it's the sharing economic become very common, very common in China cities, you know, use your mobile phone, you call it any car, not just normal taxi, they just, you know, some persons work at the daytime and after the, after five or six o'clock, they find part of them, they just drive their car and park on the roadside, they are reaching for the order from the internet. So the people just easily, they share cars, they share bicycles themselves. So this is become very new trend since.   So as I think there's also the opportunity and challenges. And also I would, the sort of things I want to see the big, big act challenges is new technicals change our culture of society. This is could be a very long term. And it's because, you know, in a MOOC, and I, I, I agree lecture about the transplant modeling. But actually, it's for future child behavior, you will see that behavior is totally changed. The young people, they are used to stay at home, they order everything from online.  Do you know why? Because our labor is cheap. There's a lot of, lots of, you know, logistic, because the people, they drive that and another motor car, they easily to send everything. So this actually, this is low cost of logistic. That means, okay, our transport cost is low and people easily can, they can afford online shopping since everywhere. And so that's, that's, that's a cut to change. And not only young people, the middle age people, they just stay, they like to order some food from online. They like order everything from online. And even that's the, you know, the young, the old generation, and you know, for the elderly people, they started to do online shopping. They started learning that. So that's the big market. So, so everything is, it's, this is a very, it's a, it's a long-term change. The people, they, they, they are not used to online commuting. But how about face-to-face?  We need to talk, we need to see each other. And so that's very important. This is a long-term challenge, actually. And also, for our researchers, it's quite hard to see this behavior change to modeling that. You know, how much more than, how to use more than that is new change. So, yeah, that's my, you know, response is to, to armor. So that, that's very good, very great comments on that. Thanks. No, no, thanks so much. So one, I mean, I think some of the most interesting lessons that many of us learned in this whole sort of, you know, journey for the last five years is actually coming and seeing how you have managed in Colombia and particularly in Medellin. Medellin has become sort of world famous for a whole range of creative things that have happened there. But I think the, I mean, when we look talking about emergence, if you've only focused on the experience of European and North American cities, which tend to converge to particular stable patterns of development, as Bangrang was saying, you don't really actually capture the challenges that you've dealt with very successfully in Medellin, for example. The extreme violence, basically the city, working very, very far from equilibrium, you know, on all its counts in terms of informality in terms of, you know, conflict, etc. And yet in spite of that, your colleagues and yourselves, you know, running a remarkable educational institution there, making the connection between what is happening on the ground, and the research that you haven't bring that back into, and being able to transform the city, and sort of bringing it back to a very very different pathway from what it was on.  So I think, for us, at least for me personally, that learning was very, very important. Almost as important as actually seeing Cuba, and the fact that a very different form of urbanization is possible, you know, if the boundary conditions change. So I think it'll be fantastic if you can give us, you know, insights of how you people have actually managed this process, and how one can sort of shape urban futures by linking research and practice from the work of RISE, from the work that we've seen done remarkably in in Colombia. Thank you, Amara, and thank you for the invitation. Yeah, like everybody here in the audience know, has listened about informality, inequality, lack of accessibility. And if I say those words, people from India may be thinking of a specific situation, people from Medellin, if I talk about informality, they have an idea about what informality is in Medellin. So we agree that they are global challenges. But once you take that global challenge and locate the challenge in a city, that challenge interact with the specificity like the DNA of the city and take some interesting nuances that preclude the use of a standardized solution. And this is why it's very important to have like the experience of cities in Latin America combined with the cities, the experience with cities in India, in China, because, for example, as you said, like in Medellin, we have done very interesting innovations. For example, the cable car. Okay, the cable car work very well in Medellin and a huge impact, but it doesn't mean that we can take exactly the same model and put it in Peru or in India. You have to deal with the specificity of the city to make that solution work in other places. And the same happens the other way around. For example, accessibility like designing bike paths. There are many models to math, mathematics models, very fancy models to draw bike paths. But when you try to run those models in Medellin, you realize that they don't work as well as they work in Europe, because Medellin has specific characteristics that make difficult for those models to work as they work. This sign in other places. So, when you have researchers like in big project researchers from around the world, sharing those experience, sharing how those global challenge behave in different places. It help us as a community and I hope it's going to help the students in the MOOC to get a better understanding of those global challenges. Yeah, that's an important goal there. So, the students will be able to identify that accessibility challenges in India are way different from those in Medellin or that informal settlements are very different in different cities and even within the city informal settlements are very different. So that help us to get a better understanding of those challenges and more important to produce even better theory that if you have a better understanding of the problem, you as a community can provide, can make a better urban theory. And also, like, if you do that with the participation of people from the global south, you can overcome the situation of the global north producing urban theory. No, we are contributing to that. So, so if I would pick up that point, John Carlos, you know the thing is, a lot of practitioners across the world, you know, both in the global south and the north would, you know, would sort of make the claim that you don't really need urban theory fine the practice is good enough, we can bring high speed rail or you know, we can set up a new system for social protection, or we can do housing etc without the practice and we know without the theory. But I think what what we're learning and I think this is something that we've really been able to do collectively and co create through the peak program and many other kind of initiatives is the fact that theory is very important for two or three things. You have to scale without actually having good theory. And you know scaling is multi dimensional so you have to examine how the theory breaks down in particular context like function was saying they're great advantages of a particular innovation but it also also has its similarly when you're looking at a different social or cultural context, how do you take something which is in a different cultural context and then apply it whether it's, you know, physical but techno technical system like a cable car, or you know a program like you know Brazil had to try and decrease inequality which you find in more in most cities across across the world. So, the theory is very critical but I think we're building theory a little bit differently from what it would be done. In the 20th century where you know you build it as sociologists or transportation planners or economists or anthropologists etc. The city forces you to bring all of these ideas together. Fine, and in that sense, it's sort of hybridized this kind of these kind of processes so in the work that you've done which you know we've seen very effectively applied in, in, in many and you're taking, you know advanced models you're using remote sensing which is now available across the world using advanced mathematical techniques but also applying it to questions of social conflict and access fine. And that's, that's a new kind of theory. I mean, neither transportation planners nor models. No anthropologist, you know, typically build this kind of theory so any reflections on how this actually works in practice what your experiences like and how we try to bring this these ways of knowing and doing into this move. Yeah, thanks. Thanks for the question. Yeah, it's like you take the, the, the, the local experience, build the theory but the other challenges, try to take that, that theory to the ground. And that brings you like a lot of new challenges that that many times you don't expect, you know, let me, let me give you an example that is in fact in the MOOC. 12 years ago, we developed this very fancy model econometric model for the utility company in Colombia called EPM. So we built this model to predict water consumption in the metropolitan area of Medellin. Beautiful model. But the model use very fancy specific data. So EPM, the company was so happy using the model, but when they tried to use the model in other places, it was impossible because they don't have that quality of data in other places. Okay. So you have a really nice theory, you have a nice paper with the model but when you want to use it in other place, it doesn't work because you don't have the data. And this is something that we learned during the peak project and we tried to present those challenges in the MOOC is that we like if you want and we do that in right like in peak we develop a new model, a new model that doesn't require this type of data. We explore new forms of data, satellite images, for example. And we don't use econometric model, we use machine learning. And then we end building a completely new model to predict urban growth to predict water consumption that doesn't require the type of data. EPM was using during those 12 years. The result was that EPM bought that new model and is using that in Uruguay. I don't know Uruguay, you know where Uruguay is, is a very deprived region in Colombia. Of course they don't have the data, they don't have the technology, but now EPM is now can use our model there. The second example is like how you are prepared, you are well prepared with your theory, with your models, and then the pandemic come and the governor's office call you and ask you to develop, you have 36 hours to tell me whether I have to look down all the municipalities in Antioquia or not necessarily all of them. And if I don't have to close all of them, which one should I close and which ones should I leave open, you have 36 hours to answer that question. So those challenges require a perfect balance between the robust and the rigourosity of the methodology, but also you have to balance with time, with the scarcity of data. You know, and the MOOC is plenty of those examples in which the world is not perfect, you have to balance those situations and came out with good solutions for real practical problems. So we end answering that question in 36 hours and we were able to help the governor office to deal at least a little bit with the pandemic. But as a conclusion, you need to develop a whole new set of skills to be able to take the theory into the ground and make the difference and try to contribute to improve quality of life of population within the city. Aramar, I think what Juan Carlos describes, which is what you're hinting at, is that there's a part of what we're calling the disposition of peak urban actually implies a different sort of relationship between theory and practice. I mean, I think Corbusier flew over Rio de Janeiro and plan Chandigarh, one became the other by mistake.  And that's the problematic relationship between theory and practice, whereas in a sense what we're talking about in invoking a notion of translational research, translational work, is thinking about colleagues who I think all share a sense of embeddedness in context. So the operational space at which they're working involves much more of a dialogue back and forth about the relationship between theory and practice, which is why the MOOC is called working across theory and practice not from theory to practice or from practice theory, but a much more interactive relationship between the two I think. You know, that's absolutely true in the sense that you know this is what we're trying to do to be able to enable that cycling of, of, of, of knowledges and this is what we've tried to do at IHS for many years. In fact, the reason that we got into MOOCs was to be able to take this experience and reach out, hopefully, to hundreds of thousands of people who are actually experiencing this as researchers, as educators, and as practitioners, because I don't really have the opportunity because of the context that they're in. But this gives us a wonderful landscape right across the world, where, you know, we're not hiding from difficult questions, these are wicked problems. And there are sort of contextual hyper local solutions that are there, but there's also theory that sort of underpins it so I guess as we're about to close. The question that I have which might be a little naughty question is, this is probably the second MOOC that the University of Oxford has actually put together. So for an institution that sits, you know, on the top of the, the totem pole so to speak. You know, how has it been for you. Now as an anthropologist find reflecting on the process that said, what did we learn from the process of bringing together these contexts across the world, and and trying to make them accessible to to be younger and older people. And what are your kind of expectations from that as we about to close. I think more than anything I would say it is the importance of importance of trust and trust relations, and only through trust relations can we generate these forms of knowledge precisely because we know the challenges are enormous. The importance of addressing those challenges therefore becomes commensurably significant and the solution to those challenges is not going to be fine through any one location that geographically and can only be generated through much more complex of place and space and linking between the endeavors of people across the planet, I think to address problems that are locally that can only be globally sold through those sorts of collaboration that land locally sensitively. Thanks, Michael. So with that I mean for those of you who found this interesting. The massive open online course and the underlying materials that support this and support the implementation of these sort of complex questions. That sustainable development tries to address are available now and they're openly available across the world and we hope you can join us and engage with researchers and practices from four continents and we really thank the ICST for the opportunity to bring this all together. And, you know, try and engage with the question of how do we actually create these new knowledges and how do we enable education for sustainable development to become real grounded and focused on impact. So thank you so much. Very many thanks.


Hey Weirdos, I know typically post episodes of Church of the Undead or Daily Undead here in the Weird Darkness podcast, but I left so hard when listening to this guy's podcast episode the other day and wanted to make sure as many people could hear it as possible. I have never known anyone as raw, upfront, and honest about their walk with Jesus and how bad they are at it than Brian Duncan. If more Christians would be like this when talking about their faith, we'd have a lot more butts in church seats, or maybe have Christian comedy clubs. It's no wonder that it was at one of his concerts that I gave my life to Christ, because this guy has the same attitude as I do, he's just really good at expressing it. Hello Weirdos, I'm Pastor Darren, welcome to your Daily Undead from the Church of the Undead. This is my opportunity to bring you into what I'm doing with my own daily Bible studies, or perhaps bring you a short message of hope and encouragement during the week, aside from the normal Sunday episodes. If you've not already subscribed, be sure to do so now so you don't miss future uploads, and please invite others you think might also like the podcast. Tell them to visit WeirdDarkness.com-church for links to the podcast, our Facebook page, and more. That's WeirdDarkness.com-church. Another website I think you want to check out is NutshellSermons.com. The reason I say that is my buddy Brian Duncan, he takes the pulpit in his own podcast and comes up with some hilarious sermons. Nutshell sermons are so much fun, along with those in the same podcast he also has prayers that you won't hear in church, and they're just as hilarious. To give you a sample, I thought I would share what I heard the other day on his podcast here in The Daily Undead. I laughed when listening, and I hope you do too.  You ever been accused of being self-centered? Me, too! If you're married, I know you've heard that.  Yeah, I've heard all those things, and not just from my wife, and maybe the next thing I shouldn't have said was maybe we should take out an ad for a godly man in the paper. Why is it that people are astonished when they find that you are self-involved? In 2 Corinthians it says, all of us who are contemplating the Lord's glory are being transformed. Clearly my transformation isn't finished. I'm still a human being transformed. Seems to me that if you're pointing out someone else's self-centeredness, you're looking for a little of your own. Yeah, I know. Jesus said, if any man come after me, let him deny himself, take up the cross and follow me. I'm following Jesus, but I'm kind of dragging the cross to try and not to be self-centered doesn't mean that I hang on it just so you can see my sacrifice just for you, which is a real load off. And I follow Jesus because I can't fix you, and I wish somebody would. He must increase and I must decrease. I can't even decrease my pants. So how am I supposed to take care of myself and look out for others at the same time? Doesn't seem like we quote the golden rule very often these days. Do for others as you would have them do for you, but if you didn't have any self-interest, how would you know what to do for others? But then Roman says, people who are self-centered aren't able to please God. Love your neighbor as yourself, the Bible says. Well, now I might be doing that if I compare myself love to this list. The Bible says love is patient and love is kind, and that's not me. Follow my whole list of things in there that I'm not, because I could pretty much check off a lot of things that love is not envious or rude. It's not boastful or arrogant, doesn't want its own way. Even if I could get past all that, I'm not going to get past being irritable and resentful. The only good thing in that verse is that I don't rejoice in my wrongdoing, but then I don't deny it either. Somebody told me once, I just want you to love me the way I would love me if I were you. So maybe the best that I can do is to love you the way you would love you if you were me. And there's your Nutshell Sermon right there. Again, you can check out Brian's podcast at NutshellSermons.com. Or wherever you listen to podcasts, just look up Nutshell Sermons and you'll find it there. If you enjoyed the message, or if you liked The Church of the Undead in general, please tell others about the podcast who you think might also want to join in. Tell them about The Church of the Undead, as well as Nutshell Sermons. You can find links to both podcasts in the episode notes. You can also find The Church of the Undead Facebook page and more at WeirdDarkness.com slash church. That's WeirdDarkness.com slash church. Thanks for joining me, Weirdos. Until next time, Jesus loves you and so do I. God bless.


The last brand name store and a chain of new retail stores in Baxter will have its grand opening tomorrow, Dick's Sporting Goods will have its grand opening event starting tomorrow and running through the weekend. City leaders are excited to welcome the new store located just off of Highway 371 next door to the new TJ Maxx PetSmart and Ultra Beauty stores. Well, it's the entry into the community and it shows that regional and national brands are looking at our area and that we are on the map for those types of businesses to locate and do business. Grand opening event will also have an appearance by Minnesota Vikings tight end Kyle Rudolph at 1.30 in the afternoon. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


A major factor in strategic air commands around the clock readiness to respond to any deterrent or retaliatory emergency is its capability to launch its air fleet in minimum time. The minimum interval takeoff, mito procedure, is designed to permit a SAC unit's alert force to become airborne and on their way to assign targets within 15 seconds of each other. Such effective strategic deterrence depends not only on the immediate readiness of SAC forces, but on the commander in chief's knowledge at all times of the availability of these forces for employment. The SAC automated command and control system, SACS, provides instant information on the operational status of strategic air commands aircraft and missiles. To explain, let's cite a hypothetical example at the 22nd Bombardment Wing March Air Force Base. Suppose during the pre-flight of one of the B-52s just seen taking off, a hydraulic leak was discovered in a wheel strut. The malfunction is reported immediately to job control. Within a few moments, a work order is issued for a specialist to be dispatched to repair the leak. Simultaneously, job control advises the wing command post of the disabled aircraft as the CP keeps tab of all critical wing activities. Once the wing commander has been advised of the change in status of his alert force, the controller sends an official report via the SACS data transmission subsystem to the SACS data processing computer. Here, the message is automatically error checked, acknowledged, and the computer database updated. The computer then notifies the display controllers at Headquarters SAC and each numbered air force that a change in status has occurred. He then uses the data display subsystem to show the up-to-the-minute worldwide status of the SAC alert force to the battle stat. This real-time information available immediately to all Headquarters SAC and numbered air force battle stats permits the strategic air command to know at all times its ability to provide a measured response to any world threat. The 351st Strategic Missile Wing, Whiteman Air Force Base, Missouri was one of the sites selected to conduct the giant plow reliability tests. Objectives were to determine the capability of Minuteman launcher closures to function after being closed for extended periods in all kinds of weather. At the test site, preparations included building a barrier of sand and dirt to prevent the door from running off its tracks when opened. A velocity meter was installed to record the data needed to determine the speed and distance traveled by the door. Giant plow test director was Lieutenant Colonel Charles S. Coey. Prior to blast off, Colonel Coey made sure that men and equipment were ready. EOD personnel were on hand to see that safety procedures were followed, both before and after the test. Everything set, Colonel Coey uses a bull horn to relay the countdown to men outside the pad area. Inside the area, Master Sergeant Sherwood, the test director's assistant, called the countdown. On signal, the door was open and impacted against the heavy barrier. Several angles of the action, plus one in slow motion, show more clearly how the door reacted during the test. Recorded results show that the operation was successful. Following a final safety check, a temporary cover was used to seal off the silo until the door could again be closed. Within a few hours after the test, the efficient SAC crew had the site once more completely operational and on alert status. With Minuteman sites on alert status, the missiles can be launched any time of the day or night. A twilight phenomenon launch occurs just before sunrise or just before sunset. In this test, the first stage separated from the three-stage solid rocket and tumbled through the atmosphere as the second stage pushed the payload higher into space. The twilight phenomenon developed as the missile entered the upper atmosphere at approximately 200,000 feet. The gas particles and the ice crystals, which formed in the super-cold environment, reflected the high-altitude sunlight. Responsibility for this operation was shared jointly by SAC and the Logistics Command. The objective of this twilight phenomenon launch, known as Project Glass Pole, was to test the performance of missile components previously exposed to extremely low and extremely high temperatures. On 21 January 1968, a SAC B-52 carrying hydrogen munitions crashed in Danish territory near Tule Air Base, Greenland. The Stratophorterist crashed after an uncontrollable fire filled the cockpit with heavy smoke. The weapons were not armed and incapable of nuclear yield. A SAC disaster control team from Offit Air Force Base, under the command of Major General Richard O. Hunziker, began around-the-clock recovery operations of the contaminated materials. The number of people involved with the Crested Ice Project grew from the original 68 to some 562 at the peak of operations. Specialists from 72 different locations were airlifted to the disaster area to support ground operations. A base camp constructed near the accident site made sustained activity possible in the hostile arctic environment in which recovery operations proceeded. Heavy equipment, plowed, piled up, and loaded the contaminated crust and debris into large steel containers for storage, shipment, and final disposition. Most of the personnel concerned with Project Crested Ice were working in an arctic environment for the first time. The rapidity and efficiency with which all required tasks were accomplished demonstrated the high degree of professionalism of the SAC disaster control team. Bunker Hill Air Force Base, Indiana, on 12 May 1968, became Grissom Air Force Base. The home of the 305th Bomb Wing was renamed to honor one of Indiana's native sons, the first Air Force astronaut, Lieutenant Colonel Virgil I. Grissom. During the day of the dedication, many visitors attended the ceremony, including Colonel Grissom's widow and two sons, and his parents and brothers. Guest speaker for the occasion was Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, Mr. Thomas Nielsen, who stated, We are changing the name of Bunker Hill not to pay less tribute to a famous revolutionary battleground, but to pay tribute to a 20th century pioneer in space exploration. Mr. Nielsen went on to summarize some highlights of the Colonel's career. One of the seven original astronauts, on 21 July 1961, he became the second American to enter space. 23 March 1965, signified a milestone in space exploration. On this date, Colonel Grissom, along with Navy Commander John Young, flew our country's first three-orbit mission in the Gemini III, and Gus Grissom became the first man to make two trips into space. He was to have the honor of commanding the first Apollo flight to the moon when tragedy struck. Grissom, with two other astronauts, died in the flash fire which destroyed the Apollo spacecraft at Cape Kennedy during a simulated mission. The Strategic Air Command takes pride in having one of its chief installations, named for the first Air Force astronaut to give his life while helping our country maintain leadership in aerospace technology. Lieutenant Colonel Virgil I. Grissom, the McKay Trophy, established in 1911 by the late Clarence H. McKay, honors the most meritorious flight during the preceding calendar year. Presented at the Pentagon by the Air Force Chief of Staff, the award for 1967 goes to a SAC KC-135 crew. Major John W. Castile, aircraft commander, Captain Richard L. Trail, pilot, Captain Dean L. Hoare, navigator, and the refueling technician, Master Sergeant Nathan C. Campbell. This SAC air crew distinguished themselves when suddenly called upon to air-refuel a Navy A3 tanker. This tanker, in turn, was enabled to refuel Navy F-8 aircraft. In addition to this historic refueling feat, the professional competence of the SAC KC-135 personnel resulted in saving six Navy aircraft with their crews. General John P. McConnell, Chief of Staff, personally congratulated the men on their achievements. Secretary General Lee Wade, is anyone here representing the Department of the Navy? Saving six airplanes, I should think that they could have sent somebody over to represent them. But I do want to take this opportunity to express my congratulations to this crew. Once again, it has been demonstrated that you can continue aircraft in flight if they're properly equipped for refueling. And sometimes you have to take extraordinary measures to keep some of them in flight. You have to put an extra refueler between the main refueler and the aircraft that need the fuel. I think this was a great thing that this crew did. And it's a well-deserved honor, and I'm delighted to have the opportunity to present these certificates. And also, at this time, to present the crew with the McKay Trophy, which, of course, is too big for you to carry around, so we keep it here and put your names on it. Thank you very much, and thank all of you for attending. Taking off from bases in Thailand, An Guam, and Okinawa, SACS B-52s head for targets in Vietnam to dump their huge bomb loads. During these strikes, they concentrate on areas indicating the most intense enemy pressure, sorties known as arc light. When bomb release point is reached, each stratoportress drops some 30 tons of explosives on targets more than 30,000 feet below. The targets show countless scars. The terrain following a B-52 assault has been described as looking as if it had been swept by a giant rake. In lending this vital and effective support to Southeast Asia operations, SACS uses its men and equipment to the fullest extent. When a B-52 returns from a bombing mission, taxis in and parks, immediately ground support personnel get it ready for another sortie. The crew de-planes and immediately proceeds to maintenance debriefing.  No time is lost in performing routine maintenance. Servicing with oil, refueling the aircraft. Before the aircraft takes off again, any malfunctions pointed out during the maintenance debriefing are taken care of. The munitions crew transports the required armament to the stratoportress. While the B-52s are being readied, the air crews are being briefed on their upcoming missions. At a bomber, the pilots conduct the walk around inspection. Everything ready, the B-52s taxi out and are soon on their way. Bombing accuracy and flexibility has been greatly improved in Southeast Asia since deployment of SACS radar ground directed bombing system. This system is known as Combat Sky Spot and is integrated into the tactical air control system. It is used by both the fighter bomber and SACB-52s. The use of Combat Sky Spot has reduced the number of pre-planned B-52 strikes. Frequently, the bombers are launched to a predetermined point and then they receive directions to the highest priority target from the Sky Spot controller. This procedure has greatly reduced SACS reaction time in placing bombs on target. When hack is announced over the radio, the bombs are released. Sky Spot therefore is capable of providing immediate reaction by directing bombers day or night to known or suspected areas of enemy concentration. In summary, a combination of Combat Sky Spot and B-52s subjects enemy forces, supply areas and lines of communication to constant threat, harassment and destruction. On 29 July 1968, General Bruce K. Holloway became Commander-in-Chief of the Strategic Air Command. General Holloway replaced General Joseph J. Nazaro, whose new assignment is Commander-in-Chief Pacific Air Forces Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii. Some 3,000 people looked on as the SAC Band, Honor Guard and various Air Force officers participated in the colorful ceremony. General Holloway's personal flag was uncased, symbolizing the change of command. The General's long and distinguished record of Air Force service includes many awards and decorations. Entering the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1933, he graduated in 1937. Proceeding to flying schools at Randolph and Kelly Airfields, Texas, he was awarded pilot wings in 1938. From 1939 to 1941, the General served his first major tour in Hawaii. Following various assignments and promotions to Captain, Major and Lieutenant Colonel, he became a full Colonel in 1943 while serving with the Flying Tigers and later became this outfit's commander. In 1946, he commanded the Army Air Corps' first jet-equipped fighter group, performing pioneer service in the new field of tactical jet-air operations. Graduating from the National War College in 1951, his promotions and responsibilities rapidly increased until in 1961, General LeMay, past commander of SAC, pinned on General Holloway's third star and he became Strycom's deputy commander at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida. After receiving his fourth star while commanding the United States Air Force's Europe, he began his assignment as Air Force Vice Chief of Staff, serving in this capacity until becoming the SAC commander-in-chief. While Vice Chief of Staff, General Holloway achieved the distinction of having flown every jet in the Air Force inventory by piloting the new SR-71 on a routine test mission. When the General de-planed, due recognition was accorded him for completing a most successful flight in SAC's newest reconnaissance weapon system. Concerning his appointment, General Holloway has this to say. As the new commander-in-chief of SAC, I welcome this opportunity to speak to many of you for the first time and to express my views on subjects which I consider of the greatest importance to all of us. I would like to emphasize that SAC will continue its role as this nation's primary deterrent of nuclear war. That it will continue to support the Allied forces operating against the Communist thrust in Southeast Asia and that it will remain responsive to meet the needs of national policy in the future. SAC's proud tradition in the Air Force has been built on the dedication and the professional acceptance of responsibility by every airman, non-commissioned officer, and officer of the command during its 23-year history. This heritage is now in our hands, yours and mine. And with your continued support, SAC will meet any demands placed on it today and build for the future. This is a hallmark of the command that I have noted, the ability to meet the challenges of today and yet prepare for those of tomorrow. In the future, we must meet our challenges with fewer and less experienced personnel, as well as a smaller portion of the Department of Defense budget. We will be using newer and more sophisticated equipment and be asked to continue demanding alert and training schedules. I know that I can count on each of you to carry out your part of this assignment. I'm especially proud to be a member of SAC and I want to meet and talk personally with as many of you as I possibly can during the coming month.


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Nigeria's two leading political parties have been engaged in a war of words over a change in the location of pulling units. It's alleged, as by one of those political parties who have analysis of this move, alleged move by the Independent National Electoral Commission. Also on the breakfast, yesterday's rainfall has seen parts of Lagos heavily flooded, putting individuals and families at risk. This is the solution to the perennial flooding in Nigeria's mega city. Plus, we're all having depth analysis of some of today's newspaper headlines. We call it out the press, right here on the breakfast. We're back with the Breakfast and Plus TV Advocates. A beautiful Tuesday morning for you and life in the studios in the Turtle Island Lagos. It's a beautiful Tuesday. Like we said, we have a range of discussions lined up for you on the breakfast. My name is Kofi Bartels. And I am Messi Boko. Good morning and thanks for joining us. All right, I'm actually looking quite sparkly as always. A lot going on. Before we get to an issue of review, of course, we have a look at what's happening today in history. We usually will start with a look at what's been trending in the conversations online. We take those conversations from the social space, the online space, and we bring them on. What is a very startling story, but it maybe seems it ended well. Imagine this and picture this.  I don't want it again. Give me back my fees, school fees I paid whilst I was in the school. Give it back to me. This is bizarre. I have never seen anything. People say these things when they joke. Well, this is what happened when a social media skit maker. That's what we know. And a graduate of agricultural extension and rural development at Lado Kea Kintola University of Technology, or your state, his name is Oshunleke Alaba. He has been presented with a cheque of 500,000, but it's called Alumni Association. After he trained it a few days ago, over what he approached, after he approached the university in tears for not being able to do anything with the certificate he got from the school years after graduating. Now what he said was his parents took loans to fund his schooling and he could not continue to sustain him with such funding adding that his action was not a social media stunt. Some people felt his action was a social media stunt. He said, no, it's not a social media stunt. Now this skit maker said, quote, I returned the certificate because it had no impact on my existence. It was for a refund of the fees and paid in the school so I could use it to build my talent and live a meaningful life. So, well, fast forward. I mean, maybe it's one of the most happily ever after stories where the school's alumni says, oh, my friend, come. We'll support you. Take 500,000 Naira and make your life better. Bizarre! Have you seen anything like this message? I haven't seen anything like this. I mean, when I actually saw the story or reports, I kept thinking to myself, has this ever happened?  And it's, like you have mentioned, is bizarre. But for me, it feels like we probably might just have a trend, right?  So it's possible that people will just go back to their universities and be asking for their, you know, certificates.  And I think that that's not just, it's not peculiar to him. It cuts across board. It might not necessarily be the same, but it's almost one and the same thing, you know, with a lot of persons who have graduated over the years. And I think about the time you go, okay, let me not even say that, over the years and then, you know, they are without a job.  He said that his parents are actually borrowed to fund his education. And at this point in time, he's still collecting from his father. And that's really, really saddening.  You know, so it goes along with coffee to be realistic. I think that we're in a system, unfortunately. You see, you need to go to school about, hey, education is just to have you be, have your mind being open.  But I think that over time, the educational system that we have and the way of practice has not been able to equip the people with the relevant skills and, you know, abilities that they need to solve the current day problems. I mean, every day problem that people face. So we're evolving. It's beyond all of the theories that people need to have the skills. So do we have an educational system that's equipped people, persons or individuals with this required skills? Even though that's actually not even an excuse because we see a lot of persons who have graduated from the university. And if you look at what they practically came out with from the university, it's not what they're doing right now. So it might not be an excuse, but it doesn't cut across everyone. I'm not sure everyone has a tenacity and, you know, whatever it is to push forward and push through with it. But it brings me back to the convention of, I mean to the conversation of where we need to pay attention to vocational, you know, education. I'm not just talking about vocational education being introduced to the curriculum, but I'm saying that let's have, yes, we know that a lot of people say we have vocational institutions across the country. I'm saying let's pay attention to it. There's so much hype and emphasis on having a certificate, a degree. And that's why people just want to go to school. These days, a lot of persons will court corners and just try to get the certificate because of the emphasis we've placed on it. It's important that we place premium. And that's because everyone wants to get a white collar job. Let's place premium as well. You know, the regular, I mean, not the conventional. Conventional would be just the regular universities you go, you get a degree and what have you. But let's pay attention to educational, vocational, training, social and what have you. Skills where people can actually learn cap and treat for real. I don't think that it would be great for us to add it into the curriculum. This is me just thinking because it might just be another thing. I mean, in the course of going through school, we had all of those skills, courses where you would have to acquire entrepreneurship courses and all of that. But really, does it even, you know, sustain after the examination and all of that? I think that it's important that rather than have more universities where we've been taught theories and all of that, it's important to have, you know, school of cap and treat. Someone could learn and become seriously. We need to actually pay attention to this. And that's it because over time, there's been, you know, those who have actually gone before us and these economists and countries that are practicing this and they say that vocational, training and education is actually very important to the development of every economy. And so let's begin to be skillful. How do we solve daily problems? The problems every day, problem of food, clothing, what have you, transportation, you know, different kind of skills, things that we need. I think that that's where we should be moving towards rather than always having because that's it. We have 1,001 persons before me.  But, you know, will the system, can the educational system sustain this particular practice or this, you know, gesture that has actually been met out to Alaba, right? Can it be sustained? What if I decide that I want to go back to my institution and get a refund of all of the school fees I have paid and what have you? I mean, that's on a lighter note. But I know that Kofi, you probably have something. You seem very shocked and shocked. No, no, I think we have, we saw all that needs to be said, you know, about this. And that's it. But let's move on to the second. So the second one is that those who are questioning Turnible Certificate should go into the bush. That's what Kayamo. I mean, Kayamo's been on the news just recently. He's been topping the chart. If you look at the trending, there's been a lot that he's said from granting interviews in different sphere and all of that. And, you know, the issue of, you know, certificate for those who are vying for the position. Not necessarily. But, I mean, from the president, the current president that we have, Mohammed Buhari, there's been a lot about whether or not he has a certificate, whether or not he graduated, what does he have, a first school living certificate, or what not, or a senior school certificate and all of that. And you know that the Nigerians have been big on whether or not those who want to become president should have a certificate. But his response in the course of responding to different questions and issues, addressing party issues and interests, he said that for those who were asking that he would not answer his detractors, but rather they should go to the bush and, you know, look for it. Sounds like, you know, one of those things we see as children.  But that has also not really sat well with a lot of peasants because if you look at the issue of certificate and what the constitution, you know, talks about, you know, the criteria, of course, it's important that we understand those who are vying for political office. Is it a necessary criteria? Because a lot of peasants have said that the situations where you have professors, it's not a yardstick to actually have, you know, good governance and have, you know, a viable president or governor, what have you. But should it really matter? Does it really matter? These are some of the questions that's been raised. Indeed. I mean, for me, it's never here nor there. You know, I haven't seen Kayamo's statement. I haven't watched him say this. I think there's been a back and forth between Daniel Buala and Fesos Kayamo over President Buala Betilbo's certificate issues and Buala had brought out some information that Kayamo had sued Tinibu some time ago. You know, so there is a report saying that Kayamo said, quote, anybody looking for Buala Tinibu certificate until now, the person should enter the bush and look for it. It's just like they did to Buala since 2015. This is what he's quoted as saying. He's also quoted as saying, you know, that they've been shouting Buhari's certificate, the man is finishing his eight years tenor. His picture is hung on the villa wall as a past president. Meanwhile, some people are still looking for his certificate. So these are quotes from an online medium. So I mean, for me, it's part of the political talk. I don't think I want to get drawn on this because I'm putting issues to look at. It's just part of the normal political scene. No, no, but whether or not it's actually part of the normal political season or not, I mean, because right now... Because the reason why I said this is that if we scamper for everything, there will be a lot of these antics. There will be a lot of these... Sorry, there will be a lot of these antics. Politicians will normally say, you know, so he says, ah, you guys should go to the bush and look for it. People run and say, ah, why do you say you should go to the bush? These are the things they say. I think the bottom line is as long as, you know, the lines of reason, you know, of course have not been crossed. I think election is just how many days away, people will vote and then choose who they want to vote for. No, no, well, as much as, you know, it might just be statements that you have politicians making over time, but I also think that it's important that we pay attention to this thing because every other time you have people who say, ah, we don't have to be your role model. I mean, this is not role model. It's what it is, the concept. But these are statements that are coming from very prominent person, whether or not we have been able to, I mean, to say, OK, did he really say it or he did not say it. But you have the statement already, you know, in space and we're hoping that there's some clarification on his part. He should comment and say, I didn't say this because if you look at that issue... I haven't seen a video where he said it. So I'm saying that if it's something to go by... I'm not defending him. I understand you totally, Kofi, but I'm saying that if it's something to go by, you want to ask yourself that once upon a time, you remember that the APC notion state had gone to court over the issue of certificates and so it would really, really not even add up or sit well, you know, with the APC to say, hey, or APC stakeholder or anyone from the party to say you can go to the bush. That being said, I mean, if it's anything to go by, that's a statement because we're still here grappling with education, people refunding their certificates and trying to get money from all of it. So it's a lot. So what are we saying? Are we in an area where we're saying that it's not important? There's so much to unravel and unpack as far as these elections are concerned. And instead of, I mean, for people who have an issue with bulletin credentials, I mean, time is running out. Why are they not in court?   And we'll be seeing more. This is not the worst we've seen. This is not the worst we've seen. That's why I don't want to get, you know, I don't think people should get drawn. This is my view. Or personally, I won't get drawn on because I must say we should go to the bush. This is not what we want these guys to see. But Bessie, have you had what we said lately? He said, he said, if he tells that he reveals information he has on Amici, Amici's wife will believe him. In other words, he said, you know, he's trying to break someone's mind. These are things that these guys say. He's talking about Amici's wife. No, no, no. You know, when he comes to reason and what do they call it? Good conscience.  You played it now. What was it called again? I'm not sure I played it. You can't be sure.  When you clear the line from the sound with your feet, you can't see the line. These guys have cleared the line when it comes to reason and, you know, at least reasonable talk in the political season and good rhetoric, you know. So if you follow them, we'll be reacting to everything. No, no, no. What I'm saying, I think they are the best thing for people who feel that Tilibu's has certificate issues is to actually do Nigeria a service, help Nigeria go to court and prove it so that we don't have him on the ballot and time is running out. So what are they waiting for? Very valid. You keep talking nothing will change. Why are you talking? No, no, no. Very valid. But we're also saying that as much as we understand that this might just be the gimmicks, you know, it's part of politics and the shenanigans that we're going to be seeing as we proceed, you know, it's usually part of the practice for politicians. But we're saying that these issues that have been raised are very critical. And so because it feels like this is important. Yeah, yeah, critical. Critical for what now? No coffee now. No coffee now. Like for instance. If you're going to go to court and say, excuse me now. No, excuse me now. Justice, give me one. Yeah, yeah, go. Please, remove me. I don't know. No, no, no. Coffee, coffee. Coffee, coffee. We'll see what I'm coming for. We'll just talk about things to talk. What I'm saying that is critical. It seems like we'll have a problem. So what should happen next? This morning, we have on top training that someone has returned his certificate. That was publicity stunt, please. Oh, wait. Of where? Can you come and tell me that you left school and you could not find a job? Well, that's on the one hand.  So let's see what we're doing, really, now. Please, please. One person. This is what I'm saying. I'm saying this. I can guarantee you that $500,000 may not yield anything for that. No, no, but that's not even the issue. So, you are talking about what ought to be. I'm talking about what is, what is is that it has happened, and if it has happened and if it is what it is, what is going on? Are we now saying that it's not important? There's nothing wrong with having a certificate? No, campers are spokesmen of the All Progressive's Congress presidential campaign. These are the things they say. If we get drawn, if we allow it get to us, we will not move on. We, we, it's part of the game that the season, you know, it's part of it. So what do we do now? We know, okay, I'm assessed, we should go into the bush. Per second they are saying these things. It's important, I think, to focus on the big picture, which is changing the way apolitics is run. And that happens at about. And then for those who feel that there's something there, hey, the courts are open. You're actually going to end up being the problem. You have this evidence and all you're doing is just talk court to the court quickly. There's no time. You know, that's what I mean. Anyway, let's move on. Let's move on. That's on you now. Oh my, oh my, oh my. Okay, all right. Asu segment, this should be Asu segment for this week. I think we should have an Asu segment every week. Everybody's in Canada right with the Queen, you know, she's been Queen Lisbon of blessed memory, of blessed memory. But we should not forget that our university lecturers, Aslan Strike and the students, Aslan are home. Mercy yesterday, a parent called me and said, can I look for a school in neighboring Ghana for the children? So what did you do? And I said, I'll get back to them. You know, parents are sending, I was at a function on Saturday. It was one of these study abroad functions, held a very big hotel not far from us, you know, a very big hotel not far from us. I won't mention where, but if you know what I mean. And mercy, I counted thousands of students, the young Nigerian's parents, guardians, and students, youngsters, who were, it was a trade fair of sorts for foreign universities. Many of them, they came from Australia, believe it or not, they came from Australia, to Lagos, to do education trade fair. But Kofi, why are you saying this? They came from Canada. They came from the United States of America. They came from UK. Oh, initially UK universities.  I haven't heard it. Big hall, big hall, no space. You know, you have people who have to queue. Parents are looking for how to take their children out of the country. I saw a youngster sitting down because I went to look at and make inquiries for someone. And one youngster who was sitting down, he was tapping his feet like this. Jaqba, Jaqba, Jaqba. How do you know that's what he was doing? I heard him singing this song. I said, I heard that song. He said, yes, now. I own Jaqba. In fact, Jaqba is now a word that one of the online streaming platforms, where you watch movies, the new one that is trying to upstage or take off on the one that you've been watching, when you stream your phone, you stream movies. They are saying you should Jaqba to their platform. They are using that word to market and sell themselves. So the government has to do something quick. The National Industrial Court, this is one that got people talking yesterday, has agent to September 16, 2022. They sued, filed by the federal government. And this is the whole comedy that we're seeing. This is Night of a Thousand Laughs. Night, well, it is morning. It is a 723, Day of a Thousand Laughs. They took ASU to the National Industrial Court over the strike. And they approached the court sitting in Abuja, requesting an order for ASU to resume while he continues to engage the union to address the dispute. Okay? And this is what we have. The court has adjourned this case. I think we don't need to go into all the details, the case file, and all that. But as stated by the head, press, and public relations to the Minister of Labor and Employment indicated the matter was referred to the registrar of the National Industrial Court by the minister. Kennedy had been saying this according to the labor laws, you know, no work, no pay, you know, and all that. And then he's trying to get them back to school to teach and all that.  And so picture this mercy. If the court says go back to the classroom, the striking lecturers go back. I don't know, it will be dependent, you know, on the union to actually obey that or not. I mean, if you look at the culture of obeying the rule of law, it hasn't been very pleasant. You will also find out that the executive arm of government has also fallen short of it. So these days when I hear that syrup is suing the government and students are dragging and are saying, hey, there should be a certain injunction, let the court give an order, the next question would be, will this order be obeyed? Is there anything that would persuade people to obey it? So it feels like, you know, we're just in a system where anyone wakes up, including the judiciary, which we think that, you know, it's a hope for the common man, but is it really a hope for a common man? A quick one here is we begin to course this conversation down. So I had a quick conversation because I saw a meme, you know, that talked about resolving conflicts between the lecturers and the university. And then I remember the lecturer of mine who was, who taught peace and conflict resolution. So I sent the meme to her and of course we had a conversation now. Noily to me, she was already in Saudi Arabia because, you know, her husband had moved who was a medical doctor and she's also there making time, you know, to become a professor and then moving eventually. And so she talked about the fact that if you look at some of the issues that Asu had talked, are talking about now, these are very fundamental issues. This is not, you know, another which hunting the federal government or trying to be very critical of the government, but let's even, you know, just look around the universities around you. Take a travel if you can or just visit one of them. These federal universities or public institutions or schools, let's move it away from the institution. Let's go to public schools around and look at the state of, you know, infrastructures in the schools. Are there really something to write them about? What do you make of this learning environment? I came out of one and sometimes it's quite worrisome. Five years before that time, 10 years before that time, I mean, what's the way it is? It's still the way it is. You go to the lecture rooms.  This, I mean, as we're talking about revitalization from 2009, now imagine what the institutions are. Universities would be like in five years or 10 years from now if the government, if it's still the same way and as we're still grappling with it, you still go to the institution. You can't find power supply. Meanwhile, in neighboring countries like Ghana, I would hear some of my colleague way back would say, I'm still in, I'm like, why are you still in school at this time? I'm like, everywhere's lit. And, you know, that's different.  We've seen a picture of where a lecturer somewhere in the South is. It looks like an uncompleted building and it's quite shameful and very, you know, it's unimaginable that you have lecturers, you know, sitting in this kind of space. And what do you expect? Not making an excuse for their behavior. They become very aggressive towards students. No power. They're, you know, sitting very on conducive environment. Are these issues that are so raising very valid? And let's even begin to talk about the issue of whether or not they will embezzle the form. Does this forms really get to the account of ASU? Let's be realistic. Now, my colleague here, Kofi, had talked about people, you know, countries that have come into Nigeria right here in Lagos, conversing for students to leave the country, trying to get parents to get their children. We also even, I mean, in different mediums, people come around to publicize. They're trying to scout for parents and look for opportunity, not even for the university. We're talking about colleges now. Is it not saddening enough? Is it not time that we put away all of this shenanigans and peer attention, you know, to the crux of the matter that we're losing it gradually? And it's quite unfortunate. So for how long will we continue like this? I have over time covered the rural areas and reports, you know, things happening in these communities. I see the state of primary schools, secondary schools, on by government. It is unfortunate. At this point, we're talking about state government now. Very, very unfortunate. We can continue like this and expect a different result. We cannot continue like this and expect, you know, Nigerians and students from Nigeria to be able to compete with your counterparts outside of this country. It is unacceptable. I mean, for how long will we continue to play all of these games? It's time we sit back. Let's see what happens with the federal government in court with ASU and how that would, you know, what it would turn out for us. You know, at some point, I got into an argument with some people who say, professors in this country, you can imagine for how long they have been in the system. They do not end up to 500,000 now. Can you imagine that? And juxtaposing that with the current reality. I mean, really, it doesn't even make the educational system. It doesn't even make it very lucrative and attractive for people to want to venture into. Why would you want to become a lecturer? You become a professor. That's the peak of the career. But they're earning a 400 and what again? 12,000 or 30,000? Not even up to 500,000 because I would say approximately that's 500,000. But it's not 500,000. I think we need to, you know, just take a break at this point in time because let's know where our money's going. Is it that we really don't have money or we have decided not to, you know, invest money where our heart should really be? All right, all right. Interesting, very prominent questions you've asked them. Where I say we have to move on. Let's see what happens if the court can indeed force the hand of ASU back to the classrooms. My name is Kofi Bartels. My name is Mirzebo. We'll be back. We have a break when we return. We will be flipping through the pages of the National Daily. So actually looking at the front page and some of the headlines contain their own. Stay with us.


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