19 July 1969 was a historical day in the history of banking. That was the day 14 private sector banks were nationalized first time in the country. This year we are going to celebrate 50th anniversary of nationalization. At this point of time it is very important for us to look at history and see what happened, why nationalization was brought in, what was the benefits of nationalization and what happened subsequently when the economic reforms were introduced in 1991 and where we stand now and what will be the future of the banking system in this country. If we look at the period before independence, the banking sector was dominated by private sector banks, mainly run by the landlords and moneylenders. They were not catering to the people at large, they were charging very high rates of interest and people who were taking loan, who used to pledge their properties including land, house, ultimately used to lose everything to the moneylender. Between 1947 and 1951 there were 205 failure of private sector banks and that is why the government of India brought in major changes in the Banking Regulation Act and between 1951 to 1967 there were so many mergers, acquisitions, transfer of banks which were taken over by other banks and ultimately number of banks which were 567 came down to 91 in 1967. And at this background if you look at the functioning of the banking sector at that point of time you should also look at what all efforts the government of India was trying to do after independence to strengthen the banking sector. It was in 1955 for the first time the Imperial Bank of India was nationalized and State Bank of India was born. Only after State Bank of India came into existence the number of rural branches increased slightly. The government of India also took up other mergers like in 1955 nationalization of insurance was done and life insurance corporation came into existence. Similarly in 1957 industrial finance department was started in the RBI and there were also credit guarantee schemes which were brought in in 1960 to support the small industries and in 1955 industrial credit and investment corporation was established. In 1958 refinance corporation was set up. In 1964 industry development Bank of India was set up. Then subsequently in 1965 RBI set up national industrial credit fund and also an agriculture finance fund agriculture finance fund and all this helped to orient credit towards the larger section of the society. In spite of that the ultimate goal of reaching credit to the common man was not happening. And at this background there were few reports which were brought into focus. One was the Mahalo Nobis committee report which said that 10% of the population was owning 40% of the assets of the country and the income inequality was increasing. Then there was a committee on monopolies called the monopolies and minorities commission and that commission also pointed out that the income inequality within the country was increasing and Dr. R. K. Hasari who was a member of the planning commission brought out a report which he submitted to the planning commission and subsequently to the parliament which stated that there is a closer link between the business houses and the banking sector and the banking sector was giving credit only to the business houses. He suggested that unless we remove that bondage or clutches between the business houses and the banking sector it is going to affect the common man and the common man is not going to get benefited by the banking sector as a whole. This was the background with which the government of India started thinking about nationalization of banks. But that point of time then finance minister Moraji Desai was opposed to this concept. He was more interested in social control of banks. So Mrs. Gandhi had to take certain dramatic decisions and that was also a political compulsion for her. In 10 states her own party Congress had lost power during that time. So she had to tell people that this government is far helping the larger masses of the country which are also their wood bank. Under this background on 19th July 1969 if you see that few days before that this hectic activity which was silently done which is written in a book by Dr. D. N. Ghosh who was chairman of State Bank of India in the later years. But in 1969 he was the joint secretary in the ministry of finance. He mentions in that book how steps were taken and Mr. Moraji Desai resigned his post as finance minister and immediately after that a recommendation was put up for promulgating an ordinance by Mr. V. V. Giri who was the president and after promulgating the ordinance he resigns from the post of president because he had to conduct for the next election for the president. So in that romantic manner when the nationalization was brought in Mrs. Gandhi addressed the nation to the all India radio. In that she mentions that the purpose of nationalization is to bring banking services to the common man to provide credit to the common man. She never talks about profit. She is talking about social orientation of the banks and redirecting credit towards the larger majority and that is a purpose for which the nationalization was brought in and if you see from 1969 to 1990 there has been tremendous changes in the banking sector. First of all the banking sector the number of branches dramatically increased from 8,200 to 65,000 within a short span of time. The reach of banking sector bank branches started moving towards the rural areas, semi urban areas and because of which the larger section of the society started getting access to credit. Secondly there was free orientation of credit, the agriculture credit before nationalization in 1967 only 0.2% of the total credit went to the agriculture sector but it slowly started improving and by 1975 it had reached almost 18% of the total credit was going to the agriculture. There were schemes like the lead bank scheme brought in, there was a scheme for integrated rural development program which was a poverty alleviation program conducted through the banks by providing credit to the weaker section of the society because of which the agriculture got a fillip, small industries, artisans, the weaker sections in the society they started having access to credit. The third important improvement was the improvement in the credit in the so-called Vimaru states in the north eastern region, eastern region and the central region of the country where the credit availability to the common man or the overall credit itself was so poor that only 25% of the credit in the whole country went to these three regions. This dramatically got improved to 50% within a span of 10 years. So that way the so-called Vimaru states or the weaker states also started getting bank credit. The fourth was the improvement in the credit deposit ratio. There are studies which shows that large number of districts which went up to 205 from just 36 districts where the credit deposit ratio improved dramatically. That means the deposits which were collected in that local area was utilized to give loans to the local people themselves. Then the banking sectors functioning improved. The employees were a massive recruitment so an employed youth got opportunity to get into the banking sector and they were able to work with the common man. Then the regional rural banks came in and they started serving to the larger number of people in the country even today the largest priority sector lending is given only by the regional rural banks. So these developments which were the offshoot of the nationalization brought in a dramatic change in the country as a whole especially records show that income inequality which the earlier reports were talking about started coming down. Between 1970, 80 and 90 there has been dramatic shift in the income inequality. The weaker section, the lowest section of the society the bottom most 20% or 30% to 50% they started having improvement in their income level which overall changed and the larger portion of the wealth which was with the miniscule minority started reducing. That income inequality improvement could take place because of the banking industry only because of the nationalization which brought in a directed lending of the larger credit to the weaker section agriculture, farmers, women, artisans, small industries, small businessmen, small traders all this section of the society got benefited because of the nationalization. Now suddenly a shift took place in 1990 when we went for a loan from the IMF and the World Bank we signed an agreement with the IMF and World Bank that we will change the character of the banking sector and we will reorient the banking sector towards privatization. They brought in the National Assembly Committee 1 which recommended that the Government of India shareholding should be brought down to 33% and subsequently if we see between 1991 to now the shareholding of banks which was almost 100% in some of the banks by the government has got reduced to 52%, 55%, 60%, 75% slowly the character of the banking sector started changing. This led to a situation that the private sector was getting inside private sector representatives were getting into the banking sector as board of directors and Government of India was slowly withdrawing and Government of India also started changing the norms for lending because of which if you see between 1991 and now many changes have happened. One, the focus of credit shifted from small credit to larger borrowers. If you see the data 1991-92, the larger section of the credit, if you look at the numbers, almost 97% of the borrowers belonged to small borrowers category. Only a small portion of the credit went to the corporates or the large borrowers but subsequently slowly it started changing and today we see that 38% of the credit is going to just 11,643 people and these are all corporates who get loans beyond 100 crores and these are the people who are responsible for the non-performing assets. Now if we have an analysis of 1969-1991 and 1991-2018, the entire shift in credit has changed because of which once again accumulation of wealth has started increasing with few percentage of people. 10% of the population today controlled 63% of the total wealth of the country. Why? Which was only 34 in 1991. That is because of this changing in these policies and reorientation of credit. So what we have to look at the banking sector and the net result of the nationalization is that it was because of the nationalization and the related policies that income inequality could be reduced and also larger section of the society got access to credit. Not only access to getting into the bank and opening an account but also started getting access to credit which now have started diminishing. And banking sector now people are talking especially after this 2014 when this present government came into power that has totally reoriented the banking sector. They started with a Gyan Sangam where they said that we are bringing up a new roadmap for the banking industry and what is that roadmap to reduce the staff going for more digitalization which in a country like ours where 26% of the people are still illiterate, everybody cannot become digital banking customers but that has been the focus. Similarly the focus has been towards privatization. They brought in the bank board's bureau brought in private people into the bank's boards as MDs, Germans of the bank but which has not helped the banking sector and the policies which have been collaborated by the finance ministry and the RBI which has been implemented over the last four years. The asset quality review, the corporate debt restructuring and subsequently now withdrawing all that restructuring bringing in something called the prompt corrective action which is actually killing the banks is actually oriented towards destroying the public sector character of the bank. They are talking about denationalization. There are people like Arvind Subramaniam, chief economic advisor earlier to that Mr. Arvind Barangreya who was the Nithya Yog chairman who goes to Washington and says that the next election the political parties should give in their manifesto that they are going to privatize all the public sector banks. I challenge them that any party come up with that slogan that we will privatize the public sector banks whether people will support that they should realize. In spite of all their efforts even today 70% of the total business in this country is with the public sector banks. Why? Because people have trust on this bank instead of supporting these banks with more powers, more stringent actions which they can take on the non-performing asset borrowers. They are helping the borrowers to write off the loans. What schemes they have brought in recently like the insolvency and bankruptcy code where reliance has been benefited. See in the recent case of a settlement Alok Industries which owns 29,500 crores it owes to the banks that has been sold to reliance with 83% haircut that is writing off of 83%. Just for 17% of that asset value it has been sold to reliance. This is because of the change in policies of the government on the Reserve Bank of India. The Parliament Standing Committee on Finance submitted a beautiful report in 2016 February on what has to be done for the non-performing asset not a single recommendation has been implemented by this government. So what I appeal to the government of India, what I appeal to the bankers, what I appeal to the public of this country is that nationalization is very important for this country. A country where the income inequality is still increasing. Once again the focus has to shift towards public sector banks and reorientation of credit should take place. The credit should be oriented towards the largest majority of this country instead of the miniscule minority to whom the credit is going. There has to be stringent action against defaults. There has to be stringent action against the board of directors who are in the board who give these huge loans and also write off those huge loans. That way if the country re-oriented the credit towards the larger majority the economy will grow, employment will grow and my appeal to the politicians of this country is that in these 50 years of nationalization they should once again critically review what has happened. They should take note of the success of the nationalization between 1969 and 1990 and what way they themselves have destroyed this banking industry to a large extent because of the change in the policies. The people of the country have to wake up and stand with the banking sector, red unions stand with the people who support the public sector character of the banks and fight for strengthening the public sector banks, increasing the staff in the public sector banks so that more people, the unemployed youth in this country have access to the bank jobs and that way they are able to provide credit to once again the rural masses of the country, the farmers of the country, the women of this country, the students of the country who badly need education loan, the small traders, the small artisans, the small industries, the small businessmen who are trying to set up enterprises, they have to be given importance and that can happen only by strengthening the public sector banks and not by privatizing or destroying the public sector banks in this country. Thank you. Thank you all.


Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to Inizor Education. I would like to solve a few trigonometric problems related to geometry, basically continuation of the topic. Obviously, as usually, I do recommend you to try to solve these problems yourself first, because that's the whole purpose. So you will be actually solving the problems, and only then you'll listen to this lecture. So if you didn't do it yet, just press the pause button and try to engage yourself into thinking about these problems. So, okay, so let's not do anything, and let's go straight to the problems. Okay, problem number one, if you have a triangle, vertices are A, B, C, angles are alpha, beta, gamma, and three A, and three altitudes. The altitudes are HA, because it falls on the side A, which is this one. This is B, opposite to the vertex B, and this is HB, and this is HC falls to the side C. So, any triangle, and I would like to prove the following property.  Well, all problems today will be relatively simple. Now, looking at that, I don't know, it reminds me immediately the law of sines, so something should be related to the law of sines. Now, what is the law of sines? It's A over sine alpha equals B over sine beta equals C over sine gamma, right? At the same time, we know that A times the altitude, which is falling to A. It's the same as BHB, the same as CHC. This is double area of the triangle, right? The base times altitude divided by two, or the base times altitude divided by two, or this base times altitude divided by two. All these are errors, so side times the altitude towards this side is double area. Now, from these two, I can very easily derive this one. How? Well, for instance, HA equals 2S divided by A, HB is equal to 2S divided by B, and HC is equal to 2S divided by C, and if I will substitute in this, I will have exactly the law of sines with the multiplier S everywhere, right? So, since HA is 2SS divided by A, I have this, right? Now, this is 2S over A sine B, and this is 2S over B sine gamma. Now, these are equal, right? Because S is just a multiplier everywhere, and this is the reverted, or reversed, but they're inverted law of sines. Law of sines is A divided by sine of alpha this is B, I'm sorry, and this is C. So, this is inverted law of sines, basically, because law of sines is A divided by sine of alpha, B divided by sine of beta, and C divided by sine of gamma, and this is just inverted. So, these are equal, then inverted are equal as well. So, this is basically the proof. We start from the law of sines, we can invert it, multiply by 2S, and we got this one. So, everything is, like, irreversible in both directions. Okay, that's it for number one. Number two, given a parallelogram with a cute angle alpha, we have to prove that 4 times A B times A D times cosine alpha equals to A C square minus B D square. Now, A C square is a diagonal, B D is another diagonal. So, the difference of squares of diagonals, the bigger minus smaller. It's 4 times A B times A D and cosine. Well, whenever you see something like product of two sides and the cosine between them, or the angle between them, that actually reminds the law of cosines, right? Now, what is the law of cosines? The applicable to triangle A B D law of cosines is, well, let me just call this thing, I will call, let's say, P, this thing I will call Q, just to make it easier, right? So, A B is P and this is Q, alright? This is X and this is Y, X, Y. And the triangle A B D, Y square equals P square plus Q square minus 2 P Q cosine alpha, right? That's the law of cosines. Now, from triangle A B C, X square equals P square. Now, this is parallelogram, which means this is also Q, right?  And what is this angle? Well, this angle is pi minus alpha, right? 180 degree minus alpha. So, this is pi minus alpha. Cosine of pi minus alpha equals 2 watt. Cosine is abscissa, right? So, if this is the unit circle, this is alpha, this is pi minus alpha. Abscissa is the same by absolute variable but with a minus sign. So, it's minus cosine alpha. So, that's why this is equal to P square plus Q square plus 2 P Q cosine of alpha, right? Now, what is AC square minus BD square, X square minus Y square? If I will subtract from this this, P square will be reduced, Q square will be reduced. This is plus 2 P Q cosine. This is minus but I'm subtracting so it will be plus.  That's exactly what this is. That's a very simple problem. By the way, for the previous two cases, two previous problems, the first one contains signs and it kind of implied that the law of signs should be applicable and the second one contains the product of two sides by the cosine of the angle between them and again, this prompts for law of cosines and indeed, in both cases, these two theorems did help. Okay, now, let's say you have any triangle. So, this is A, this is B and this is angle bisector. So, these two angles are the same and each one is equal to gamma over 2, right? Since it's a bisector, this is angle gamma and this is LC, right? The bisector. Now, we have to prove that LC times A plus B equals 2AB cosine gamma over 2. So, bisector times sum of the sides in between them, this bisector actually goes, is equal to 2AB and cosine. All right, now, actually, I'm sure there are more in one way to prove this particular equality. The one which I have chosen is let's just have these two perpendicular as altitudes of triangles ADC and BDC. And what I will do is I will compare some of the areas of these two triangles with the area of an entire triangle. Now, what is the area of ADC in terms of the base and an altitude? Well, the base is B. Altitude from this triangle DCM. It's the right triangle. Hypotenuse is LC. The acute angle is gamma over 2. So, I know the DM, the altitude in this triangle. And it's a cadetus in the right triangle GMC. It's equal to hypotenuse times sine of gamma over 2. So, my area of triangle ACG equals ACG equals B times altitude, which is LC times sine of gamma over 2 and divided by 2. Right? Now, area of triangle BCG equals, again, one-half of the base, which is A times LC times DM is exactly the same. It's also LC times sine of gamma over 2. On the other hand, the area of triangle ABC, the entire triangle is, let's think. Well, if I will take this particular altitude, so it would be B one-half B and this particular altitude is A times sine of the gamma, right? From the triangle BPC, BP is a cadetus, BC is hypotenuse, lengths of A and the angle is gamma, so the opposite cadetus. Now, sum of these two is equal to this, right? Well, therefore, well, let's just forget about one-half. If I will sum these two, I will get LC times A plus B sine of gamma over 2, right? If I will sum these two and I drop one-half because it's reduced, it will be reduced anyway. And on the right side, I have this, well, we are close to this one, but just need a little bit more. Now, obviously, sine of gamma, it's 2 of gamma over 2, right? So it's gamma over 2 plus gamma over 2, double gamma over 2. So it's 2AB sine gamma over 2 and cosine gamma over 2, right? That's what sine of gamma is. It's 2 sine gamma over 2, cosine gamma over 2. I still remember the formula for the sine and the cosine of the sum of two angles, right? This is gamma over 2 plus gamma over 2, that's where it is. And from here, obviously, we can reduce by sine of gamma over 2 and we get exactly this. That's it. Now, what was interesting about this particular problem? I was using additional construction. I put all the altitudes and the concept of area. I don't know what exactly prompted me to do this. However, we do have to include this bisector, LC, into some kind of an equality, right? From which we can derive the equality between it. And, you know, sum of two areas of the small triangle is equal to the area of the big triangle is really an equality. And I'm sure there are some other components of this triangle that can be connected together with some kind of an equation. Well, again, the problem can have many different solutions. This is just one of them and it seems to me it's relatively simple because all I need to know is that the catch-up is equal to hypotenuse times the sine of the angle or something. All right. Next. Next, we have a nice socialist triangle, ABC, and we have altitudes. One altitude, another altitude, and another altitude. So these are right angles. Now, this angle is given. Let's call it gamma. So gamma is given. Now, what I have to find out is now H is the intersection of these three altitudes. It's called orthocenter, by the way, of the triangle. I have to find out in what ratio point H divides the altitude from C to F. So basically I have to find out the ratio HF divided by CH. All right? It's actually quite easy. First of all, this is a socialist triangle, right? So this altitude is everything. It's altitude, it's the angle bisector, it's median of this side, and it's basically the axis of symmetry, right? The whole picture is completely symmetrical because this is perpendicular, and CD is equal to dB, so point C and point B are symmetrical relatively to this one. So everything is symmetrical. So it's very easy to prove, for instance, that EH and HF are exactly the same. Well, why? For instance, you can consider right triangles AEH and AFH. They have the common hypotenuse and the angles are the same because the altitude is a bisector, an angle bisector as well, right? So everything is symmetrical. But now let's think about it. Angle HC. Consider angle EHC. Well, this line is perpendicular to this. This line is perpendicular to this. So basically this angle is the same as this angle, right? Because it's two angles which are formed by mutually perpendicular lines. Now from this we can obviously and this is equal to this is alpha, so this is alpha. So from this we can see that angle ECH ECH, right? is equal basically pi over 2 minus alpha because triangle CH E is the right triangle. Now, I just mentioned that EH is equal to HF. This is equal to this because these triangles are congruent, right? So basically if you consider right now triangle ECH it's the right triangle. The angle alpha is something which we definitely know. So what is the ratio of HF to CH? It's the same as EH to CH, right? And this is by definition a cosine of alpha, right? That's basically that's basically EH over CH which is the same as HF over CH. So this is what we actually need. The fact that this angle is perpendicular and this angle is equal to this one that's sufficient to basically say that the ratio between segments into which point H divides this altitude is the same as cosine of alpha. So as long as one of the angles is given to us if this angle is given then you can obviously calculate what this one is because this is an isosceles triangle. So as soon as we know one of the angles of the isosceles triangle we know this angle on the top and the cosine of this angle on the top is the ratio which we need. Well, that's it. Next, give it a rhombus. This is point M and it's chosen in such a way that area of triangle A D M this triangle is equal to one third of the area of an entire parallelogram A, B, C, D. What's also known is that the cosine of alpha is equal to one fourth. What we have to prove is that A M is divided by D M equals 2. This would have to be proved. So knowing that the area of this triangle is one third of the area of an entire parallelogram and knowing that the cosine of this angle is one fourth we have to prove that the A M is twice as big as D M.  Let's say this is A this is X this is Y All right? Now, what I will also do since we are dealing with areas I will need altitudes. So this is one altitude and this is another altitude BQ Let's say this is equal to U and this is equal to B right? So Mp equals to U and BQ equals to B. All right, now let's do the calculation of the areas, right? Now the area of the parallelogram is base which is A times height which is B. Here I have A times B or if you wish this is a rhombus, right? So all sides are A and knowing the cosine of this angle I can very easily find the altitude BQ right? So this is A times sine of alpha but let's just leave it for later. Now the area of a triangle is equal to base which is also A times altitude. So this is equal to A times U but it's a triangle so we have to divide it by 2, right? Let me wipe out this so it doesn't feel bother us and we know this. Now this is angle alpha and this is angle alpha, right? Because this is a rhombus which is therefore parallelogram so these are parallel. Now knowing X I can calculate the altitude as well.  And on the right I have one third A times and instead of V I will put A times sine alpha. So from here I immediately see that X is equal to two-thirds of A. That's interesting, right? Such a complicated calculations and conditions related to area etc etc and it looks like X is equal to two-thirds of A even without the angle alpha. It's independent, so for any angle alpha that would be the case. So if I draw the line which cuts off the triangle which area is one-third of the area of the rhombus then this particular piece would be two-thirds of the side. Alright but we don't need really this we need the ratio between AM and MD, right? So in this case since I already know this X I can find out AM which is Y using the law of cosines, right? So law of cosines says that Y-square is equal to A-square plus X-square minus 2AX and the cosine now what is this angle? This angle is pi minus alpha, right? or A-square plus X-square is four-ninths of A-square minus 2A X is two-thirds of A, so I put square here Now the cosine of pi minus alpha we already spoke in during this lecture it's negative cosine of alpha so I'll put this plus and cosine of alpha but likely we know what is the cosine of alpha it's one-quarter, right? So this would be A-square plus four-ninths A-square plus this is one-quarter, this is two times two which is four so it will be reduced so I have A-square divided by three X is equal to two-thirds of A that's what we have found and this is what the common denominator is nine so this is nine plus four-thirteen plus three which is sixteen so it's equal to sixteen-ninths A-square from which Y is equal to four-thirds of A Now look at this and look at this obviously Y divided by X is equal to two and that's exactly what's necessary to prove This wasn't actually too difficult to come up with a solution because again we were dealing with areas and basically all I did was use the definition of the area and you know the formulas for rhombus or parallelogram and the triangle so that wasn't really difficult to prove Now the last problem well in notes on Unisor.com I'm using triangle in this case which has an inscribed circle but actually I would like to in this lecture I would like to address a general case what if you have an inscribed circle into any convex polygon now how to express the area of polygon in terms of radius of inscribed circle this one and angles so let's say we have all angles and the radius well that's actually sufficient to calculate the area now how do we do it well obviously since it's inscribed circle these are all perpendicular to sides right these are all perpendicular to sides now if you will connect the center with vertices you basically subdivide the area of the entire polygon into many triangles now what do we know about each triangles about each triangle well let's consider for instance O A B C D E M N P Q R what do we know about triangle AOM triangle AOM now what's the area of this triangle well it's the right triangle we know one calculus which is R and we know this angle which is basically alpha divided by 2 therefore we can calculate our casualties and the area will be equal to 1 half R and this one since A M divided by O M is cotangent of this angle A M would be equal to this calculus which is R times cotangent so R square of alpha over 2 right times R by cotangent since A M divided by R is equal to cotangent of alpha over 2 A M is equal to R times cotangent that's fine that's right so that's the formula for area of AOM now for triangle EOM EOM this one it's symmetrical it's exactly the same thing the same triangle right oh no sorry not EOM NOM N okay this one because these are equal tangential lines we have proven this many times before so area A M O and A M O are exactly the same because these triangles are congruent both are right triangle common hypotenuse and these two pieces of tangential lines are the same this is R as well so these two triangles are equal and that's why the area is equal to exactly the same cotangent of alpha over 2 so therefore the area of A N O M sum of these it's some kind of a quadrilateral A N O M is equal to R square cotangent of alpha over 2 now absolutely similarly the area of quadrilateral the next one B P O N this one sum of these two triangles again triangles are exactly the same because they have the common hypotenuse and these two these two are are radiuses so they are equal so these this is equal to this so everything is the same congruent triangles and the area is R square cotangent of in this case if this angle is beta it would be beta over 2 and I can continue this thing for all these quadrilaterals this one, this one and this one so basically what I have is the total area if I summarize all of them together would be equal to R square sum of cotangents cotangents of alpha over 2 plus cotangents of beta over 2 plus etc all angles are supposed to be taken care of so if I know the angles and I know the the radius of the inscribed circle I can calculate the area of the entire convex polygon into which this circle is inscribed using something like this now obviously the very last angle I don't have to use I don't have to know basically the value of the last angle because I know that the sum of angles of any convex polygon can be expressed as basically the number of sides and the previous angle so sum of all the angles is dependent on the number of sides actually so if I know how many sides this polygon has then I know the sum of the angles and that's why I don't need the last one I can calculate it based on the previous ones and the number of sides but that's besides the point basically so knowing angles and the radius of an inscribed circle if the reason inscribed circle because not into every convex polygon you can inscribe the circle so if the resets a circle then it's reduced and the angles are sufficient to calculate the area now obviously in case of a triangle it would be only three angles and the third one is pi minus sum of the previous one so we can just basically replace the cotangent of gamma with the cotangent of some expression based on alpha and beta well that's it these are all the problems I wanted to present today I do recommend you to go through these problems again and solve them accurately I do suggest in writing actually I mean if you accurately write your solution on the paper or in the computer basically and try to be as specific as possible that's very very useful exercise so no statement is left without some kind of reasoning behind it so every step should be based on some logical reasoning so I do recommend you to go through these problems again and solve them again and well don't forget that Unizor has a lot of other things and if you sign in as a student you not only can just go yourself through all these lectures and problems etc it will also present you exams and it will give you some score an exam you can take any time you want and as many times as you want to improve your score the goal is for every exam to get the maximum score that's very important try to think about this that's it for today thank you very much and good luck


Hello and welcome to this session in which we will explain the tax benefit rule.  What does it mean? Simply put, well, if a tax payer deduct a certain expense in one year, let's assume this is year one, and in subsequent year gets reimbursed for that expense, well the reimbursed amount is counted as gross income. So that's the general rule. Simply put, in year one, you deducted an amount. In year two, you deducted means you got a deduction. It's an expense. In year two, you receive a reimbursement. Well, if you deducted this amount in year one and got benefit because expenses are beneficial to you as a taxpayer, then in year two, the amount is taxable. You might be saying, what's complicated about this? Well, you're going to see, you're just going to have to be very careful with certain rules, but that's the basic idea. If you understand this idea, well, we can work on the details. However, the added income can only be as much as the tax advantage the taxpayer initially received from the deduction. And this is where students start to basically kind of get a little bit confused. Well, simply put, your taxable amount that you included in year two cannot be greater than the tax benefit you initially obtained. That's basically what it means. It's how much the deduction benefited you. Well, the amount that the deduction benefited you in year one is the amount that's going to be taxable in year two. Well, the best way to illustrate this is to look at a few examples. Before we proceed any further, I have a public announcement about my company, farhatlectures.com. Farhat accounting lectures is a supplemental educational tool that's going to help you with your CPA exam preparation, as well as your accounting courses. My CPA material is aligned with your CPA review course such as Becker, Roger, Wiley, Gleam, Miles. My accounting courses are aligned with your accounting courses broken down by chapter and topics. My resources consist of lectures, multiple choice questions, true-false questions, as well as exercises. Go ahead, start your free trial today. So let's start to illustrate this concept by a simple, non-realistic example. Ted is a single taxpayer. Assume the standard deduction for year X1 for not any particular year is 30,000. Now we're going to have to assume here, you know what a standard deduction is. The standard deduction is a deduction given to you and here as a single taxpayer. Now again, this is a number that I gave. The government changes this number every year. Now for Ted, you remember, you could choose between your standard deduction or itemized deduction. Which one would you choose? You will choose the greater of these two. So let's assume for the itemized deduction, Ted has itemized deduction, other itemized deduction of 27,000 and in that same year, Ted paid state income tax of 5,000. So if you notice, if Ted add up all his standard deduction, they add up to 30,000 while the standard deduction that's given by the government is 30. Which one will Ted chooses? Ted will choose the 32,000. So on 20X1, Ted used the itemized deduction and was able to use 32,000 and itemized deduction to reduce his income. Ted got a refund from the state of 3000 because Ted overpaid his taxes in year X1. So in year X2, so on 20X2, the following year, Ted received a refund. Now why would that happen? That would happen because Ted, remember, Ted paid $5,000 in state income taxes. What he found out later after everything settled is he's only responsible for two. So the state issued him a $3,000 tax refund. So the question becomes how much of the refund is included in Ted's taxable income in X2? So how much of the 3000 would Ted include in his taxes? That's the question. Well, what was the benefit? What was the benefit? Well, here's the benefit. If Ted did not itemize, if Ted did not itemize, he would have received 30,000, just given by the government. This number is given because Ted itemized, he was able to increase his deduction by an additional 2000. So the additional benefit is only $2,000. Simply put, of the $3,000 of the check that the state government sends to Ted, Ted will have to include 2000 in X2 as taxable income, as taxable income. Why? Because the benefit was only 2000. The benefit was only 2000. Now let's assume Ted received a $750 check from the state government as a refund in X2. How much of that will be included? Nothing will be included because that was not more than the benefit because $750 is less than the benefit. He benefited only 2000. So really, the 750 should not be included in his taxes. Let's take a look at additional examples. Let's look at example one, tax benefit rule. In year X1, Blue Office Store, which operates as a sole proprietorship using a cruel accounting, made credit sales of office equipment worth $10,000 to a customer named Tony. So what happened? They debited the counter-receivable $10,000, credited sales $10,000. The cost of the equipment was $6,000. They said they were debited, cost of goods sold $6,000, credited inventory $6,000. In 2020 X2, the following year, Blue claimed the deduction for bad debt expense amounting to $10,000. This is specifically for Tony's office equipment. Simply put, by year X2, we gave up on Tony collecting the money. Therefore, we took a deduction. Can we take a deduction in year X2? Yes, we can. Why? Because we included the revenue in year X1. Why? Because we told you this is an accrual basis account, an accrual basis taxpayer. Therefore, if we included the sales, now we can take the deduction. Simply put, we'll take the deduction, bad debt expense of $10,000. Simply put, we debit bad debt expense of $10,000, credited the account receivable for Tony $10,000. Therefore, we took the expense of $10,000. This is X2. In X3, Tony won the lottery and repaid Blue for the $10,000 he owed. Out of nowhere, Tony said, you know what? I owe you $10,000 to the Blue office store. I'm going to send you the money. Well, we received the money. Is that money taxable? And the answer is yes. That money is taxable because it was taxable year one, then it was reversed in year two. Then when we receive the money in year three, we have to pay taxes on it. So Blue, the Blue owner fell under the 35% tax bracket in year X1. So in year X1, let me show you what happened. In year X1, they reported $10,000 of income and they paid 35% in taxes on it. They paid $3,500 in taxes. In X2, when they took the deduction, they took a deduction of $10,000, they got a tax benefit of 20%. So they got a benefit of $2,000. You see this? So between year X1 and year X2, it wasn't really good for them because they paid taxes of $3,500 and their deduction was $2,000. In year X3, their tax rate went back to $3,000. So they went back and they paid 35%. They ended up paying $3,500 in taxes. So that wasn't good at all in a sense that it's not only they paid taxes because of the changes in tax rate, it worked against them. Let's take a look at another example to illustrate the tax benefit role. In year X2, Sarah, cash basis taxpayer, claimed $2,100 itemized deduction for the state income taxes she paid. The deduction was not subject to any limitation. As a result, her itemized deduction exceeded the standard deduction by a total of 900. So the itemized was greater than the standard by 900. So that's basically the benefit. In 20X3, she received a refund check of $1,500 when she filed her state income tax return for the year 20X2. Well, in 20X2, Sarah fell in the 12% marginal tax rate, but in 20X3, she moved to 35%. So when she took the deduction in 20X2, well, her additional benefit was $900 times 12%. So let's do that. $900 times 12%. So she got a benefit of $108 because that's the year she took the deduction. In year X3, she's going to have to include $900 in income and she's going to have to pay taxes at a 35% rate, $315. So notice $315 minus $08, she is worse off $207 because of the changes in her tax rate. Let's take a look at the third example for the tax benefit role. In 20X2, Sue, cash basis taxpayer, experienced a bike accident resulting in an $8,000 worth of medical expenses. She claimed these expenses as an itemized deduction for medical expenses. That's great. However, due to the 7.5 adjusted gross income reduction, only $3,000 of the $8,000 was eligible to reduce her income taxes payable. Well, she paid $8,000. She was only able to deduct $3,000. Remember the medical expenses, there is a limit out how much you can deduct, the percentage of your AGI. In 20X3, Sue successfully pursued legal action against the individual responsible for her physical injury from the bike accident and received the $8,000 as reimbursement for her medical costs. Remember, she paid $8,000 of which she took $3,000 in medical expenses as a deduction, but in 20X3, she received the $8,000. Sue fell in the 22% marginal tax bracket in 20X2 and moved to the 12% tax bracket in 20X3. So let's see. So in 20X2, what was her benefit? In 20X2, she deducted $3,000 and she got a deduction of, see 3,000, yes 3,000, she fell in the, okay, times 22%. So she got a deduction, so if we take 3,000 times 0.22, she got a deduction a tax saving of 660. In 20X3, she's going to have to go back because she received the $8,000 in reimbursement, she's going to have to include that in her income because she got the benefit of $3,000. However, in 20X3, her tax rate is 12%, therefore she's going to have to pay taxes only 360. So 660 minus 360 overall, just because of the tax changes, she got a benefit overall of $300. Now no one's going to ask you about the benefit, I'm just showing you the difference in years, like what happened, that this could happen from year to year. Bear in mind that she received $8,000 of which 3,000 was itemized deduction that included in her income. How about the 8,000? I'm sorry, how about the remaining 5,000? How about the remaining 5,000? That's compensation for her injuries. Is that taxable? No, we learn about this. Compensation is not taxable. Compensation for physical injury is not taxable. What should you do now?  The tax benefit rule is an important concept. On Farhat Lectures, you're going to have to work MCQs through falls. Look at the additional notes that's going to help you understand this concept. Good luck, study hard, and of course, stay safe.


down the next stress reels. I am Kim. This is Dustin Milt and Velikor and this is my slightly late January 2019 wrap-up video. Since posting my last video I've had the usual trouble of starting eight books and finishing none. But I did get five in the bank before, you know, all that started. So here are those. First up was Fun Home by Alison Bechdel. Yes, that Alison Bechdel. It's a haunting nonlinear graphic memoir about a girl and her dad. Alison is the adult narrator.  Really young guys. It's really good. The narration is a little disjointed, so it's meant to set you on edge. But I want to know who in their right mind looked at this depressing book and was like, you know what this needs to be? A Broadway musical. Who did that? It's an excellent musical. So like they were right. Wow. Anyway, so after that deep dive, I wanted something a little lighter. So I went with A Company of Swans by Ava Ibbotson. This one follows a young girl named Harriet who sees beauty everywhere in the world. She has a thirst for knowledge and a dedication to the art of ballet. But she is being raised in a house by her father and a maiden aunt who believe that a young woman's place is to be determined by her owners. I mean parents. So she runs away like any sane person would and joins the court of ballet to help carry the Swan Lake to the Amazon. There she meets the elusive Rom Verney, an English aristocrat living in self-imposed exile. And thus their love story begins. I just adore books about the ballet, especially ones that capture the essence of dance without the dry technical descriptions of dance. Also all of Ava Ibbotson's books have this irrepressible wit to them, which is probably why three of my books this month are by her. Speaking of, I then read The Secret Countess by Ava Ibbotson. Now this book also has another title. It's called The Countess Below Stairs. I thought they were completely different books when I started it. I was wrong. Yeah, I ended up finishing it anyway, even though I just read it last year. Not super recently, but still like kind of recently. And I still love it. It's still beautiful. I'm still hilarious. Essentially, the family of a young Russian Countess loses everything when the revolution comes, and they have to flee to England. There, our heroine Anna gets work as a maid. She's determined that no one will find out about her past, but she's really rather terrible at hiding it. The new heir of the estate that she works at is bringing home his intended bride. And she's not a very nice person. She is beautiful and outwardly kind, but her actions belie a deeply rooted belief in eugenics as the household and its tenants fall in love with the gently bred housemaid Anna. And beneath all of this is a beautiful love story between two people who believe that everyone is fundamentally equal. And the best way to get where you're going is through hard work. And that the other one is pretty. After that, I picked up my copy of The Weekend King by Holly Black, which is a Trixie sequel to a Trixie book. If you haven't read The Cool Prince, you might want to skip ahead a bit because this series is going to be a wild ride. Jude has made the power move of the Eon, tricking the awful, but malleable Prince Cardin into being crowned High King so that the next heir, her little brother Oak, can have a normal childhood. And so that she can be the power behind the throne. The problem with this is that no one knows she's the power behind the throne. Jude plays her game so well that even her father, a would-be kingmaker himself, doesn't realize how deep she's in. She holds the High King under her sway. But as war brews with Queen of the Undersea and with her court of shadows whispering treachery in her ear, Jude must find a new way to hold the power that's within her grasp. It's a page turner. I highly recommend it. Oh, hey, look, our last book of the month is by Ava Ibbotson again. Who could have expected that? The Star of Kazan is about our Kazan, Kazan. I think it's Kazan. Sounds more Russian. But it's about a young girl named Anika who was abandoned in a church as an infant. And she was taken in by the cook and the housekeeper of a trio of professors who live in Vienna. She's hard-working, imaginative, kind-hearted, and she can do anything she puts her mind to. At 12, Anika befriends the old aunt of one of her neighbors. She takes care of the woman as she passes and listens to her stories as her relations won't do. Unbeknownst to Anika, the old woman has revised her will to send her a trunk of mementos from her days in theater. Unbeknownst to the old aunt, the trunk of mementos contains several incredibly valuable pieces of jewelry that she believed merely glass. But between the solicitors collecting the trunk and delivering it to the little girl, Anika's long-lost mother sweeps in out of blue and whisks her away to her beautiful, if dilapidated, country estate. This is a tale of family and friendship and love, and it is incredibly sweet, and I like it a lot. And that's it. That's my five books this month. What did you read this month? And what are you starting next? Come let me know in comments. Aviento!


guitarist extraordinaire, living in the Harry Potter world, the one the only, Yuli John Roth. How are you doing again? How are you today, sir? I'm very well. Thank you.  So now I'm all yours. Yeah. I mean, the last time we had the pleasure of interviewing you, I've never seen a reaction to a show here on the metal voice as strong as that one. Everybody said that should have done a 10 part series with you. You were so interesting. Nobody wanted the interview to stop. I remember we had to cut it short and I thought that's when it got interesting. That was probably happening again today. I mean, I find that a lot of these interviews, they start slowly. Like why did you leave the scorpions?  And then when it gets interesting, sorry, time's up. Time's up. I mean, we can talk about your decorations from your house. I mean, that's an hour right there. It's so beautiful. Yeah. Well, yeah. Yeah. I like it like that. You know, that behind me is actually a copy, but a very good copy of a very good Rembrandt painting. And I love it. And yeah, I collect these a little bit. Yeah, that's right. You know what I like about you? You always take a lot of care in your background. Every time we do an interview, last time you were sitting on this chair. I don't remember what we did last time, but we've got lots of spots in this house. And what I tend to think is when I watch a YouTube and somebody is doing an interview and it's just like a plain white background, I think it gets a little boring after a time. Being a visual person, like coming from this world of paintings, I think it just adds to the ambience. If you have just a little bit more like a painting, as much as Zoom allows because the resolution sometimes isn't all that good. But there's not much we can do about that. Yeah. Well, the cool thing is we've talked about the scorpions so much in the past. Now we're heading off into after post-scorpions. Thank you. We know why you left. We know all that stuff. We've talked about it so many times. Close that chapter. Let's close that chapter. I've closed it a long time ago. So the cool thing is Electric Sun is being re-released on November the 17th and this is earthquake. I think it's actually November the 10th, but it doesn't really matter, you know, because I mean it's not an idea there. Nowadays it's all like postal order anyways, isn't it? No, no, no. What can people expect with the re-release? What are they getting that they haven't gotten before? Yes. Well, the reason for coming up with my own label, which is called Alpha Experium, was to tend to my entire back catalog, put it on the market as vinyl, as all singing, all dancing as it gets, you know, because they have been, a lot of them have been re-released in the past. But for instance, like my Electric Sun albums haven't been out on vinyl since the days, I think probably the 80s, you know, and there are quite a few collectors who still love vinyl. So we went to very great lengths to go back to the original master mixes and to take our master, our digital master from there and get as close as possible to the original 3D kind of sound, you know, which we heard in the studio, because what tends to happen with all these remastering efforts over the years with a lot of albums or a lot of artists, they get remastered again and again from the say or from the previous one. And in the end, you just end up with a little bit of a digital Mickey Mouse blur, you know. And so we went to great lengths to avoid that and to be as truthful as possible. Also, we dug up a couple of really nice jam sessions, which are there as bonus tracks, which were from the recordings and which I had forgotten all about, you know. Our old drummer Clive Edwards put me on to them and he said, you should listen to that. And he had them as like as an old cassette deck. And yeah, but the quality was good enough to, you know, to treat it and with our master, mastering engineers really are quite something. He's, you know, absolutely superb when it comes to these things. And I think he got the best out of it, you know. So that's there. And then the artwork, I put it into a framework that I'm happy with. I was never really happy with how the original looked, particularly the very first one. I thought it was awful and didn't do any justice whatsoever to Monica's beautiful paintings. And now I think we've also corrected that. And I've also made up some interior artwork, which is new, but in the style of the days of back then, you know, and gradually we're going to do this treatment to every single album that I've recorded. So the next one is almost finished already, which is Firewind and there will be Beyond the Astros guys, and there will be all the Sky of Avalon albums, etc. Basically, all the stuff I've done, we're going to give it the definitive treatment. And that's that, you know, that's very, very cool. I think we've all learned the past week what can be done from a cassette tape with what the Beatles were able to release based on a little cassette tape, right? That was pretty amazing, I thought. Yeah. That was pretty amazing. And I thought it was really haunting, you know, and written by John Lenn, typical John Lenn, but I think it was one of his best, actually, not quite finished. But then you have, of course, Paul McCartney, absolute genius in these things, you know, who gave it the works and you had Ringo and even a little bit of George Harrison. And I loved when Paul actually did the slide guitar, he did a George Harrison slide guitar solo, you know, like, perfect, you know, like, it was exactly what you would have expected from George, you know, I don't know if George came up with that idea, but whoever did, it was just pure genius. Yeah, I agree. I loved it. And the ending, you know, was so typically Beatles. Nobody else does that, you know, you, the songs developing and suddenly it shifts gear and then it's finished. They always had great endings, you know. So yeah, I thought it was marvelous and did all that from a crappy little cassette, I don't know what religion sounded like, but probably it was pretty dreadful. With all the bleed through from the piano and your buried vocals, look what they're able to do. So let me ask you, Ali, you leave the scorpions, okay. Here we go again. No, no, we've talked about that. We talked about that. We're not talking about that. Hey, I must remember to look into that camera, because I'm always looking to you. And you know, so please remind me, I have to look into that. Please look over here. Okay, you leave the scorpions as we spoke about many, many times. Now you're, were you, in the same time that the Tokyo tapes were released, you're, you know, you're coming out with this album, Earthquake, right? Were you scared? Was there a feeling of, I'm excited or I'm scared? What was that sort of sensation you were going through? You know, I've never been scared about any release. Maybe I should have. No, I wasn't. I was actually very self-confident, the self-confidence of youth. There you go. I guess. Nowadays, I may be a little more self-critical and I wouldn't maybe be quite as self-confident. But then I wouldn't put out anything that I'm really happy with, you know. That reminds me of the great Bob Seeger line. Wish I didn't know now, but I didn't know then. For me, you know, this is probably, were there songs written in your time with the scorpions and you were just kind of like writing them down and would they have been on the next scorpions album if you stayed? I mean, were these songs circulating in your head? No, not really. There is one instrumental which we just dug up for Firewind. I had forgotten all about it and it suddenly appeared on the master of the actual multitracks and my manager played it to me over the phone. He said, do you know what this is? And then, yeah, I wrote this so many years ago. All it was was two guitars, rim guitar, drums and bass, but it had a very catchy melody. That could have been a scorpions one, you know. And we are going to include it as a bonus track on the Firewind album, where it should be. But no, the electric sound material was absolutely not scorpions material. Had I stayed with one foot in the scorpions, I would have written more like Cesar Chiron and stuff like that. I would have stayed in that direction, you know. But the electric sound stuff was completely, yeah, a different universe to the scorpions were completely different bands. I love this album. This was actually one of my favorite albums by you ever. Even as a teenager when I first heard it. And then when I heard Lilac for the first time, I was like, what the heck's going on here? This poetry and actually, that's actually one of my favorites, but not everybody got a tiny flower. What is that? Is that like renewal? Is that what the Lilac is? Well, it is really about immersing yourself in the cosmos, you know, sounds very psychedelic, but you can do these things without drugs, you know, and I did without drugs.  But yeah, that's kind of what's what's behind the the text, the because it was a spoken lyric of Lilac, you know, yeah. I got go ahead, Alan, if you want to keep going just wondering with the new releases, are you finding any difference in the vinyl, the quality of the vinyl today as it was in the 80s? That's a good question, that's it's difficult to actually difficult to ascertain, you know, I don't even have access to my old vinyls, they're all in storage somewhere. Somewhere, like yeah, well, I know where, but but that storage is scary. There's too much off it. I mean, you're talking, contain us and contain us and contain us. Oh boy. Yeah, I don't even want to go there, you know, hundreds of boxes. But yeah, I'm not sure, actually, you know, we didn't do a one to one test like that, probably we should have. But then again, back then, we had there was different equipment, you know, they made great strides.  So they would do the outline first in almost black and white, you know, as an impasto underneath, and then gradually fill in the colors and then putting glazes on top and these glazes are basically a wash of say a certain see-through yellow or whatever like it like a photographic filter, you know, and this is very much the same with vinyl. And it's kind of like a glaze. And it does something to the sound and some music, I think does sound better, you know, but not all of it. And I think there's a lot to be said about digital as well, particularly when it goes beyond the sound of a compact disc, which is unfortunately still at 16-bed, you know, we could do it a lot better nowadays, but the infrastructure in the business just isn't there, you know, nobody seems to be asking for it, you know, there's no demand. Let me get back to the songs from Earthquake. Still so many lives away. Is this your tribute to Bob Dylan? I mean, when I hear the song I think of Bob Dylan. Yeah, thank you. That's always a great compliment, but it isn't. No. You see, it's one of these songs.  I think there is such a thing as that, that we get born and reborn in cycles, but as very different people, it's not the same. The spirit is the same, but the actual, the actual manifestation is different, you know. It depends on where you're born, who are your parents, you know, with your upbringing, the social surroundings, the culture, and all this, you know. So you could have the same spirit being born in the times of Greece, or in the times of Rembrandt, like 400 years ago in Holland, and then materialize again at some other point in another life as quite a different human being, because I think the personality is quite different each time around, but the actual substance and the essence doesn't really change. That's the spirit of the soul. So our body... And still so many lives away is about that. So our body is a vessel, like you're saying, it's the spirit that carries on, but that spirit, and that spirit can be changed over generations, each time it's... The point to still so many lives away is that there's a person who keeps making the same mistakes over and over each lifetime, which is I think probably a very common thing. And, you know, if you look for a purpose of life, or, you know, what we could be, or what we should be, what we might be, I happen to think, among other things, it's... It gives us the opportunity and the possibility to actually progress as a spirit to a more elevated level, you know, because there are many different levels of spirituality, and they are inside of us as a possibility, but some people have the desire, they feel drawn towards that, and they want to, you know, have spiritual progress, meaning basically becoming better people, you know, just better persons, that those things go hand in hand, you know, and sometimes a lifetime, it seems like a long time for us, but in cosmic terms, it is... It's a blink of an eye. There is no time in the cosmic universe, right, but what is time? So, yeah, we... I mean, being incarnated on Earth as a person, we are given a great opportunity and a great chance, but also it comes, I think, with an obligation, you know, I mean, you can either say, okay, I just want to have a good life, you know, like tomorrow, like, you only live once, et cetera, you know, if you do that, you would probably have to be like, if you're very selfish and if you only do what's good for you, you will have that life maybe, you know, but is that the right kind of way to live, you know, I doubt it. Karma, karma comes back to haunt you. Yes, the idea of karma is a very powerful one, and it's the only one that really makes sense to me when I look at all the chaos that surrounds us in this world nowadays, you know. There are some eternal truths, even if they are maybe very far away for us and very hard to grasp, and they're, you know, not, they don't seem relevant, but I think they are there, you know, and they go way beyond that, watch what, you know, we learn this right or wrong in, you know, in school maybe, you know, not that they're teaching the wrong things.  That song is all about. I've never actually explained it, you're the first one, whoever. Well, I can ask you for every song, but I just want to plug this before. I want to ask you this quite, I want to say this statement, you have a UK tour coming up before we get into the next question, coming up November the 20th, right, all the way to November 29th, that's the UK tour, and then you have a North American tour coming up in 2024, so make sure to mention that. All right, now I want to ask you about Monica. Monica Danneman, who you, I'm assuming you're married to her, right, after- No, we were not married, we were together for many, many years, but not actually technically married, we should have, I guess, but we weren't. Common law, I guess, right, and what's spectacular about your relationship is, like, she had a relationship with Jimi Hendrix prior, it's kind of like this continuity of your sound, her presence, and the whole, I guess, that sort of Jimi Hendrix vibe, right?  Like, if you want to answer that, I don't want to get too personal either. Well, you know, you are asking a difficult question here because anything with Monica was not one-dimensional, you know, she was just actually totally amazing, and I was very privileged to have known her and to be able to be with her. You know, I've never met anybody like her. Talking about spiritual, she had that, like, to the highest degree, so much so that sometimes people didn't get it at all.  But in her environment, she was an artist and she was much more than an artist. In her environment at home, it was like, it was just beautiful. She created an atmosphere in the house with her paintings, which were phenomenal and of which she had like 200 altogether, I think. So there were always new ones being produced, but they were on all the walls and the house was magical because the house itself had, we lived in the thatched house in Seaford, right, you know, you could see the cliffs of the white cliffs in the distance from my studio. And she and her mother, Rosemary, created a magical garden, but the house was difficult to describe whenever people came into it. So often they said, wow, this feels like time warp, but time warp, not in the sense of, you know, just stepping back in time. No, it was, you were in a different time continuum. It was a different world altogether. And that was what she stood for. That was what she represented. She was a really good person. To me, it's, I found it always fascinating that connection, you know, the Jimi Hendrix, the Monica and the you. And it's just, I think it was destiny. How did you meet her? How did you meet her? Yeah, well, I saw her once when we were with the Scorpions. We were at a concert in Düsseldorf and she happened to be at the same concert. So I saw her from the distance and I didn't really know what she looked like. But she had this huge aura from the distance. I could see there was something going on in there. She was shining. She was radiant in a very strong way. And then somebody said, that's Monica Daneman, you know, so I knew that. But we didn't get to talk that day. That was in 1975. Now in early 1976, we happened to be in the Speak Easy, which we used to hang out there. The Scorpions and UFO, Michael Schenker and Dieter Dirks. We were there one evening. Not the not UFO, but Michael Schenker was there and Rudolf and Dieter Dirks. I don't know why we had some discussion. It was, oh, actually, I think, yeah, now I know why. Because we had that we had recorded a video in Water Street, just a promo video of like an early song, you know, like, what was it? I think it was speed is coming, actually. And yeah, so I was sitting there and suddenly I saw her sitting there, you know, with her girlfriend, you know, having a dinner at the other table. And I thought, you know, I didn't know what to do. You know, I was very shy and I was much younger than she was. She was like nine years older. She was like this big, glamorous lady. So I didn't know what to do. And then Rudolf said, come on, just go over there. Talk to her, you know. So I asked her if she would like to talk about Jimmy. And she said, sure. And this is how it all started. You know, I gave her the next day we met again at the Speak Easy. I gave her our Entrance album. Then she came to see us at the Marquis Club.  Well, it's a good thing you didn't give her a virgin killer cover. Yeah, but although that was already recorded, but the album hadn't been out yet, you know. But it ruined the date. Yes. Yes. Yeah. So these tours that are coming up, you know, let's talk about that a little bit. How's that going to work? Is there a band attached to that? Is there opening acts? Is it a band attached? An evening with. We're not doing evening when, but we're doing lots of others. There is a band attached. That's a nice way of putting it. We're starting in the UK in Cardiff. We're doing 10 shows in the UK. Nine or 10, I'm not sure. Starting on the 20th. We're doing a full rock show that evening. But I will also do some, you know, some solo stuff with my nine string flamenco sky guitar. And the American program and the North American program, because we will also come to Canada, will be a little more extensive because there will be two programs in one. We're starting off the evening with an evening with an evening. I do the John Roth meaning I will talk about my new book for about like a TED talk, you know, then I will do some stuff solo and just with the screen and the orchestra, maybe a little Vivaldi, maybe some of my classical pieces. Then we do an intermission and then we do the full rock show. So it's going to be a hybrid. I think this is going to really work. If you need two guys to TED talk, ask you questions. We can do that for you in Montreal. Okay, great. That would make my job so much easier. Could ask you the questions, me and Alan. And we could also translate in French. Pretty easy interview, I mean. Yeah, exactly. So that's that's basically it in the nutshell. You know, I mean, it came about this hybrid idea came about because we had to already postpone the tour twice because of COVID. We had booked 970, that's 7-0 North American shows for 2020, I believe. You know, solo shows where, which was called Interstellar Sky Guitar, where I was just with the screen and pretty ambitious program with lots of new music also. And yeah, then thanks to COVID that never happened. But we started some of that in Europe and I really liked it. We only did 13 shows and then, you know, Last time you were in Montreal, you did the three-year anniversary or three anniversaries. You did, you got on stage, you did a meet and greet and then you went on stage and you did just you into backing tracks. Oh, I did the Vivaldi Four Seasons. Yeah, but that was the VIP event. Yeah, you know, what we got a lot of work. You did a lot of work on my lord. Yeah, I was like five hours a day easily on on that stage and different configurations. We're going to do for the North American tour as a VIP event. We're going to do a guitar masterclass before each show or like a one and a half hour event where I'm going to delve deeply into the sky guitar and it'll be different from my normal sky academies because it's not going to be esoteric. It's going to be more about guitar playing and music only. And I will utilize my, you know, my catalog, my best guitar solos and use those and maybe take them apart and explain certain ways of doing it. You know, so that's what we're going to do. It hasn't been advertised yet, but it'll become very shorting. What about the set list? What's a Scorpions mixed in with? Big set list, big set list. And the first half I'm playing quite a few unknowns, almost all unknowns. We're also playing several new ones in the English tour now coming in up, but in America the set list is going to be even more extensive, you know. And yeah, we will have the regular stalwarts from the Scorpion days, meaning we'll burn the sky in trance and Cerdo Chiron will be there. But we will also go into the electric Sundays and I've really reworked those tracks. And I think they've benefited a lot, you know. Just like when we did the Scorpions songs like we'll burn the sky, etc. When we're playing them live now, they're slightly different to what they were like with the Scorpions, because in the Scorpions we didn't have that many guitars, etc., etc. We were still finding our way with some of the material was very new. Now we're really on top of it and, you know, and the interpretation, I prefer it now, you know. And I'm going to give the same treatment to my electric sun catalog. Basically keep what's good and get rid of some of the weaker things, you know, including my weakest vocals. Yeah, that's also improvement there on the horizon. Would you believe it? Go ahead. Go ahead, Jim. I was going to say electric sun, the meaning of it all. You know, was it just a cool phrase or was it just?  Wherever there's a solar system, you have a sun at the center and that sun is like the power house, which creates the light and eventually also all the higher elements in the spectrum, maybe not our sun, but you know, you have a supernova and that will give you like all the higher elements that we need for life. It's all about light and electricity, you know, those two things, the electricity is basically the flowing of the life force and if you look at it in metaphysical terms, so electric sun means that, you know, that's what it is. And it is a symbol of enlightenment, meaning it's, yeah, it's not only life, but it shines in the dark, you know, and wherever things shine in the dark, that's usually a good thing, you know, maybe not always. Well, looking forward to the tour, our time's almost up. I mean, Uli, it's always a pleasure to talk to you. Anything we can do to help promote the shows, just let us know because. Let's go for it, you know, just go for it, yeah. Is there anything you'd like to mention before we let you go? Oh, I don't know, no, not necessarily. Oh, your book, are you bringing your book on tour with you? It's like a 600 page book. Exactly, if we can carry it. You're going to need a container just to carry the book. Yes, yes. No, we'll have the book, but, yeah, the tour is going to be colorful and multifaceted, so please come and join us. So people can buy the book on tour, that's what I want to come up with. I really hope so. We're trying to finance it at the moment and it's looking good, but it costs a fortune to print it in that quantity at that quality, you know. And I don't want to go through a standard publisher because then it becomes just commercialized. And this book is completely free from any commercial aspects as we know it. It's pure and from the heart. I don't want to keep it that way, you know. All right, well said. Willie John Roth getting the tour trail November 20th and the book and the, sorry, the re-release November 10th. November 10th, yeah. And your new album is coming out when? A new album? When's that coming out? No, you know, you're putting me on the spot. Wow, that's what we do. You don't ask a lady her age. You don't ask a lady. But you can ask a man. The album's coming out. So there is one coming. That's what? The truth is I've been recording a lot, particularly recently in Cologne at the Dirk Studios, where we did our Scorpions albums, all of them in my time, and made really good progress. So there are quite a few tracks in the making. Rather than a complete album, it'll probably be chunks of three at a time that come up, you know. We're already playing three of those tracks on the next tour, on the English tour. So you'll get them achieved. So 2024, we can expect some new music. That's what you're saying? Yeah, plenty. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Way to go. On that note, thank you so much for joining us. We'll look forward to seeing you on the tour in Montreal. All the best and much success on the tour.


This is my new favorite product forever. Look at how dope that is. I don't know if I'm just tripping right now, but my sister got me this for my birthday. She got me the Olaplex Bond Smoother Leaven Repairative Styling Cream, so it's pretty much like a leave-in conditioner. I've never used a product that has made my hair this smooth and like de-frizzy for when I like blow dry it. Like usually when I blow dry it, my hair is still like kind of frizzy, but this is like the best that my hair has ever come out blow dry. Well, I didn't like actually like fully blow dry it. I also like straighten the roots like I always do, but still, my hair has never came out this good. I really wanted to get Olaplex for the longest time and I didn't even tell Madison that I wanted it and then she just got it for me for my birthday and I'm like, what are the odds of that? I literally manifested it.  I'm obsessed. I'm literally obsessed. This is my new figure product forever. Hey guys, so I just meditated as you saw and honestly, I've been wanting to talk about this for a while. Meditation is something that I've just recently started and it is a game changer and I suggest to anyone who's open to the idea of it to try it because it's literally so amazing and if you do not know what meditation is, it is basically a practice that allows you to completely clear your mind and just live in the present and be. If that makes sense, thousands of thoughts run through our head per day and if you think about it, we're always thinking about something. Do you ever sit down and not think of anything? Not really. Like if you think about it, we're always thinking about something. We're always on our phones distracted. We're always working, thinking. We never give our brain a time to just not think. Even when we sleep, our brain is dreaming. It's working and we never give our minds just a chance to rest. So basically what I do is in the mornings, I will do my morning stretches and yoga and then I will kind of just sit down for 15 minutes and meditate.  I'll just literally search up on YouTube, Meditation Music and then I'll just sit down for 15 minutes or lay down, it just depends and just try my best to clear my mind and to keep a clear mind for 15 minutes and just let my body be. And it's the most amazing feeling because after you do it, you feel so clear and it can also help with anxiety because it's basically training a muscle in your mind to stop thinking. If you ever have an anxious thought, then you can kind of put that muscle to work in your brain and just get rid of it and just clear your mind. Yeah, I used to think meditation was like really hippy and I was like, you know what, I'm never gonna do that but it's not, it's really not hippy at all. It's basically just letting your mind rest even if it's for 10 minutes, for 15 minutes. It does take time and practice to get good at it. Even now it's so hard for me to completely clear my mind. I've gotten a lot better at it. After I do it, my body just feels so calm and I just have this happy presence. Like I don't know how to describe it, but it's awesome and you guys should really try it. And if you don't feel like it's for you right now then you don't need to try it. Just wait until you wanna do it and then when you feel like you wanna do it, try it and see how you like it. But yeah, so it is currently 310. I had a really late start to the day. I woke up like at 1030 today. I was like, holy shit, it's because like this week has been really hectic for me. I shouldn't say hectic, it's been just like a really fun week because it was my birthday week. So I was just going to bed really late, waking up late and today I think I was just catching up on my sleep. So I slept until 1030 and now it's three already. And I just wanna get out of the house and do something. So me and Joel are gonna go to Walmart. I just need to pick up a couple of things and tonight I'm gonna sign up to get a gym membership. I'm just gonna show you guys like my weekend because I don't, I never vlog on the weekend. So I was like, why don't I do like a weekend vlog because you guys never see what I do on my weekends. Let's go to Walmart. If you guys actually like really wanna get into meditation, I would actually suggest like searching it up and being like how to meditate or guided meditation or something like that, like watch a channel that's like meant just for meditation and educate yourself if you want to before you do it. Just because I'm no expert, like I said, and I don't like I was just trying to share my opinions and share my thoughts about it and how it helps me. But yeah, I'm no expert at it but I do wanna do more research about it and not research, but like I wanna learn more about it and do different meditations but I'm still on my journey to doing that and I'm still new at it. So yeah, I would suggest actually getting more professional advice if you guys want to know more about it. So I feel like my eyelashes have been really growing lately and I'm really proud of them. I really wanna get a lash lift. I'm kind of scared of eyelash extensions. I got them once and didn't really, like I liked the way that they looked but I feel like they kind of irritated my eyes. So I'd rather go like the more natural route and try like a lash lift. So I think I'm gonna do that this summer. These glasses just make me feel so bougie. Like even though I don't have any makeup on and I'm wearing like sweatpants and a sweater, literally just these glasses with this purse just makes me feel like put together. Did it check? Yeah. Okay, we just got to Walmart. I do actually need a couple of things. That's probably the first thing that I'm gonna get and then we're gonna browse because who doesn't browse? Okay, let's go. That was literally the quickest I've ever been in and out of Walmart.  I was like, go, go, go. Because it's Saturday and usually, usually we don't come on Saturdays. We usually just go during the week. And I didn't realize the difference between a Saturday and like a Wednesday on how busy that this Walmart gets.  It was popping in there. Like people were doing their grocery shopping and probably like getting their stuff done for the week, obviously. But I just did not expect it to be as busy as it was.  I like going there during the week. So from now on, only weekday trips to Walmart. But I did get a few things. So I will show you guys a little bit of a haul when we get home. Okay, so we just got back from Walmart and I'm gonna give you guys a little bit of a haul. So first thing we got is this vegan pure protein. And this is like the most amount of protein that I've ever seen a vegan one have in like per scoop. It has 31 grams of protein per scoop. And usually when they're vegan, they only have like 20 to 25 at most. Like that's what I've seen, but they were a pretty good price. So we got two of them. It was kind of like a two for, I think like 36 bucks deal. So we got two. I am going back to the gym. So basically I started gymming back in like 2018, I would say, and then once COVID hit, like last March, the gym shut down. And then I canceled my membership been a year since then. I just haven't wanted to go back. And I've just all of a sudden got the sudden urge to go back. I was like, you know what? I really want to start working out again, especially because the summers are coming up. So yeah, I've just had the sudden urge. Like I really want to go back to the gym, which is good because like just before they closed, I was kind of being, I was kind of just like really discouraged and I wasn't really motivated to go to the gym. But taking this year off, I thought to myself like, wow, the gym actually makes me really happy and it makes me feel so good after a workout. So I'm really excited to go back. So I'm going to sign up for like a membership again today. Me and my friend Julia, we're signing up together. We live really close. So we're just going to like be gym buddies and go together. Yeah. So that's going to be super fun. And I'm so excited to get back. Anyways, the next thing that I got are chocolate chips because I want to make these peanut butter bars that I've been obsessed with. They're healthy peanut butter bars and they're like non-bake. You just put them in the freezer and they literally taste like heaven. It's like a good, healthy snack. I will show you guys the recipe tonight when I make them or whenever I make them. Then I got some exciting makeup. I got a brown eyeliner because I usually just use like eyeshadow for like eyeliner but I wanted an actual eyeliner because I feel like it would stay better not smudge as much. So I got this. This is the Annabelle eyeliner in coffee. And then the last thing that I got is this blue eyeliner and it's really fun. Okay. It's like a bright blue color and it's the same brand and they had like a whole bunch of colors and I've been really like, I don't know if I want to spice something up. I feel like this would be fun just for a nice, cool look. You know what I'm saying? And yeah, that's all I got from Walmart. Oh no, I didn't. This Elf clear brow and lash mascara. I've never used like an actual, like a clear thing for mascara before. I have no idea what it would do to my eyelashes. Maybe I'll try it out today but I'm probably mostly going to be using this like for my eyebrows. Just something like quick and easy when I don't have time to do like the soap brows. This was only like $2. And then I also got the Elf instant lift brow pencil in the shade neutral brown. I had this exact pencil but I broke it, like snapped it in half. So I got a new one and this was also like $2. So yeah, that's my little Walmart haul. Hi guys, so it is currently Sunday morning. And I woke up like a few hours ago because I kept having to go pee. Like I went pee and then like my bladder wouldn't empty fully. And then like I kept feeling yours to go pee. So I would be going back and forth to the bathroom and I was like, what the hell? And then it started burning when I went pee and then I started being blood. That's not a good sign obviously. So I'm going to go to clinic when they open. They open at nine. So I still have to wait a few hours but I've never had anything like this happen to me before. So I'm a little bit like scared. I don't know. You know, when you search something up and then like a million different things come up and it's like really scary. You know, I should be fine. I'm going to get it checked out as soon as I can. So it's going to be fine but I will keep you guys updated since I was planning on vlogging this weekend anyways. The doctor just talked to me and he said it's most likely an infection, most likely. So I just have to be not on it and he prescribed me antibiotics. So I'm going to head out now. I've been here for like an hour and a half. So it's not too bad. Hey guys. So we just got back from the hospital. We're going to go pick up the antibiotics now because the place that we wanted to get them at was closed until 11. So we're going back out now. It's so painful. So yeah, we're just going to go pick up the meds now. Yeah, I really hope that they do their job.  But you know what? It could have been a lot worse. It could be a lot worse. So I'm not going to complain too much. Yeah, we're going to go get the medicine now. So I'll talk to you guys later. Hey guys, sorry. This is a little bit tilted but I didn't have a tripod. So I'm just literally leaning my... Oh. Ew. Okay, that is enough. I'm going to try to vlog and then just fix it to anything. When I'm trying to brush my teeth and she starts vlogging. Their point. Hey guys, so we just got back home from Joel's parents' house and they had a little birthday dinner for me and we painted and it was just so much fun. I'll put the painting that I painted on the screen so you guys can see. We kind of followed this tutorial and it was so fun. And I realized painting is something that I want to do more of. Like honestly, I think that was like the first time I ever sat down and seriously painted. I definitely want to paint more. Like I want to do this more often. It's so much fun and like something to do with your friends. That's just chill. So yeah, we did that. I'm sorry. This vlog was just literally all over the place. You had to expect the unexpected. This weekend was not really, didn't turn out how I exactly planned it to. But you know what? It's fine. We're fine. We're alive. We're going to get better. We're going to heal up tomorrow. I'm going to just relax tomorrow. Take a chill day. Hello? I have something for you. They had it? I went to the 7-Eleven. Thank you. You're welcome. There's three more in the fridge. Oh my God, thank you. My brother went to McDonald's and he asked me if I wanted anything. And I was like, if they have cranberry juice, give me cranberry juice. They didn't have it at McDonald's, so he stopped at 7-Eleven. That was so nice of him. Apparently, cranberry juice helps for bladder infections. I don't really know why or how, but apparently it does. So we're going to do as much as we can to flush the system out. This is really good. Anyways, more and more of what I've been going with this. Yeah, this vlog was just a mess. It's about 10, 50 right now. We're just going to head to bed right now. I was literally been up since 3 a.m. I've been exhausted. I'm just not going to schedule anything for tomorrow. Tomorrow's just going to be chill day. Whatever I feel like doing, I feel like doing because I'm just experiencing a lot of discomfort. I just kind of need to be near a toilet kind of at all times because I just feel very uncomfortable. I know I said that. I showed you guys the peanut butter bars in this vlog and I'm so sorry. That didn't happen, but I promise you it'll be in the next vlog that I do. But yeah, thank you guys so much for watching. I love you guys so much. Yeah, I'll see you guys in my next video. Love you guys so much. Peace out.  Also, I wanted to show you guys the star projector that I got from Amazon. Here it is. And this one's really cool because it literally tilts, you know what I'm saying? So you can angle it wherever you want and it changes colors and it's just such a vibe. I'm telling you. Look at how dope that is. If you guys would like to get yourself one, I do have a coupon code for you guys. I'll put it up here on the screen and I will have the link down below. So go check it out because this shit's so dope and it's such a vibe at night. I swear to you. Oh, good night. For reals now.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com coming at you with 2018 Panini Proceeds Football fat pack break number seven with eight mixer spots being given away. And this is the final filler that we have to do to unlock this break. So big thanks to everyone right there for getting into the action. Appreciate it. And there are the teams right here. Let's roll it and randomize each list. Snake eyes. Two times. And two. So as always, we're going to break itself first and then a different dice roll for the giveaways as always. So it's Wednesday, 21, one pack, it's a fat pack, random team number seven, 2018 prestige NFL. Snake eyes for the teams, one and good luck, two times. Houston down to the Saints. All right, here's the first half of the list right here and here's the second half of the list right there. All right, no trade windows in these little filler breaks. We'll just want to go right to the spot giveaways. Lonnie, what's up? Do you think the Lakers need to add a player to repeat really Lakers are asking about Whiteside? That'd be nice. And about Porzingis. I don't know, Porzingis injury history for Porzingis is a little, but no, I don't think so. I mean, if, if there's a 100% Anthony Davis and a 100% Dennis Schroeder, I don't think they have to make a big move to, to repeat. I think the rookies are all on the back. There's Carl Joseph, Saquon, Saquon Barclay, a rookie in this. Oh, he is. Yeah. Nice. 2018. There's Arden Key, Cameron Petaway, Tanner Lee and Isaiah Oliver, but a nice extra point Saquon Barclay rookie card. Hopefully he comes back strong and healthy this year for Jesse and the Giants. There you go. Now let's re-randomize this list. That's a good question. Logan, you think Tetease cards will go up now that he's settled in San Diego? Yeah, I don't know. Maybe not by that much, but I'm sure just collectors who have already, already have a position on Tetease, you know, are probably happy about that, that he's kind of in one spot, especially San Diego collectors. All right, 11 times for that list and it's going to be top eight after 11. Good luck, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, 10, and 11. Although Lonnie, if the Lakers did get like Hassan White-Tide or Perzingus for a decent price, I'll take it. You know, I'll take it. Yes, that promo still applies, Steve Locke. Thanks for reminding me. So from 13 on down, so there was a promo, $50, so the first four without a mixer spot basically, the first four without a mixer spot will get $50 or break credit each night only. We made it happen. So one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, right? We'll get mixer spots nine, 10, 11, and 12 will get $50 or break credit each. So from 13 on down to 32, thanks for giving it a shot. The next four, 50 bucks of break credits, nice little consolation, one, two, three, four. So Jesse, Jesse, David and Jarell, right? And the next eight mixer spots, David, Adam, Stephen K, Adam, Brandon, John, Martin, Steve Locke. There you go. So there you have it. So the top eight mixer spots, nine through 12, $50 break credit. Jesse, that's going to come to you in one break credit for $100. I'm Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com. The mixer coming up, jaspyscasebreaks.com.


Complex rotator cuff tears are a difficult problem to treat. The new milmy evasive arthroscopic superior capsule reconstruction rebuilds a rotator cuff from scratch. I'm Dr. Mohit Galotra, Associate Professor of Orthopedics at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, and today we're drawing outside the lines. So the shoulder's joint is a ball and socket, and the rotator cuff is the tissue that covers that entire ball and socket. Here's our ball and socket, and the rotator cuff usually is here, but the setting of a large tear can be all the way retracted into the chest here. In addition to your ball and socket joint, you also have your scapula, which sits above your rotator cuff here. Now what causes pain in this setting is not just a tear that's pulled back, but also you no longer have the cushion between the ball here and the scapula above it. And when those two bones hit, that causes pain when you try to raise your arm. So in arthroscopic superior capsule reconstruction, we're taking small amount of tissue from someone else, putting it through small holes in the skin here, and rebuilding a new rotator cuff. So this tissue gets attached to the ledge here on the ball, and all the way here and attached to the socket. Thus providing a new mattress for the shoulder so that these two bones can no longer hit. And second, it keeps the ball down on the socket, making it easier to raise your arm. It seems to be best for active patients who have goals not only for daily life, but also for sports. So in summary, for complex rotator cuff tears, where the tears are so big that they have a 90% failure rate if you try to fix it, an arthroscopic superior capsule reconstruction has a much higher success rate, which provides excellent pain relief, function for daily activities, and return to sport.