Welcome to the show, it's me, John Park. It's time for John Park's workshop. Here we are in my workshop, and here we are in the Wednesday time slot, which I've been doing for a few weeks now. It's not my normal slot. Usually I am on Thursday, but I've been here, right here in this time zone, and helping out while P.T. and Lamorra are off doing other stuff. I'm just gonna have a sip of delicious water. Oh, there we go. So hey, thanks for stopping by, and let me know in the chat how the stream is, because I was seeing some stuttering and stuff during the intro there, and I am crossing my fingers that it works itself out. I'm also gonna reopen the YouTube chat, because that window got funny. Oh, hold on one second here. Pop out chat. So where's the chat, by the way? If you're wondering, I'm checking the YouTube chat. I'm also over here in our Discord, so that is over at adafrew.it slash discord, and then you'll wanna look for the live broadcast chat channel, and that's where people are hanging out. This is it. This is what it looks like right here. That's our chat. Oh good, stream is fine. Okay, I think I'm having some issues that are just with playback, hopefully, here, and not, boy, I'm very off to the side, and nothing to do, hopefully, with streaming, so that would be good. So yeah, there's a helper. Who noticed that? There's a little helper back there. Little Mary, little Lars Claus or something. I don't know what his proper holiday name is. Hi, James Freeman, thanks. Good stream, all right, good. Our quality so far, so good. I don't wanna jinx it, so I'll knock. Hi, George Graves, and hello to all the people in the chat. Lots of people come to join us. So let's see, first of all, I wanna mention that I've got a coupon code for you. So if you wanna get some stuff over in the Adafruit store, you'd like to save a little bit of money on it. You're not gonna get it in time for Christmas, that ship sailed, I think, on the 19th, but you can still get stuff for sure.  Just throw the stuff you want in your cart, and then on the way out, look for the coupon code field. Type in Kringle, and that'll get you the 10% off. That is good on physical goods. It's not gonna work on software or subscriptions or gift certificates, but it will work on stuff, so go get yourself some stuff. Also, you should know that we have some different freebies, tiers of freebies, and I believe at the $99 tier, right now we're doing a free nude, one of our little flexible noodles, LED noodles. And then, in fact, let me open up my, where is it? Pop open the Chrome page that'll show us that. Hold on, standing, there we go. So here, if we go to Adafruit.com, slash free. Just type that in, slash free. And then you can see what all of the different discounts you can get are, so there you can see them.  So $99 or more, you get the free nude. $149 or more, you get the KB2040, keyboard, perfect for all of your keyboard projects, Macro Pad projects and more. $200 or more, you get the free UPS ground shipping in the Continental United States only, sorry. And then for orders over $299, you get the free circuit playground, blue fruit, all of these stack.  And we appreciate your support because that's how we keep doing what we do here at Adafruit is by having you go and buy stuff and that right there, that is the coupon code that's gonna get you 10% off today and that's good during the show and till around the end of the day, maybe a little sooner, maybe a little, roughly there, roughly around midnight, East Coast time I think. So what else is going on? Hey, we had a show and tell right before this show, you may have seen it, that happens every Wednesday night at what, 7.30 Eastern time, it's 4.30 Pacific time. And on today's show and tell, here's what we saw, you can go back and check it out by the way, all of our shows are archived, you can just head to maybe some of the other places but definitely YouTube, I think Twitch archive stuff, but if you head over to YouTube, you can see the past episodes anytime you want. Jeffler, Jepler, Jeff Epler, our own Jepler, showed his next mouse. So next brand computer, he had taken the next keyboard a few weeks ago and managed to figure out how to get it to work on a modern computer by reading its bits into a QT pie and then sending out USB to a modern computer. And now he's added to it, he got a somewhat rare next mouse and figured out the protocol for that, it actually passes through the keyboard. Keyboard has a little din port where you plug in the mouse and then both keyboard and mouse info is coming out into the QT pie through his cute little adapter through printed case and then off into modern USB LAN. So he showed that off and Noah and Pedro came on, they showed the scrolling countdown timer. This is a really nice countdown timer that scrolls text and numbers across to let you know how much time you have left until a big event. It uses three of the 14 segment displays, alphanumeric displays, as well as a QT pie ESP32 S2 and it is using Adafruit IO to go up on that internet and grab the time and then you can code it to countdown any event that you like and give it, give it text for that and then it checks all the time to make sure that you are keeping time properly. DJ Devon came on and showed three printed caps or actuators for the step switches and he has been on a mission to get orange keys cause he wanted to make a Roland style 808 style sequencer and orange key caps are not available for those step switches. At least we haven't found any and Adafruit doesn't sell any but he's done a whole bunch of work on refining the 3D model for that so that they'll work and you can print them in any color you like and you can go and get the step switch caps I believe in the CAD repo on GitHub on the Adafruit GitHub repo. So I'm gonna go look for those, that's very cool. Thanks for showing that and he also showed the first project that he's using those on which is the Cowbell TR Cowbell and he actually sent me one, I've got it right here and there's no orange switches on this one this is all the stock switches but this is a project that I'm gonna play around with and show more of in the future but it is a step sequencer similar in some ways to the one I've been working on for the 16 step sequencer but on a really cool custom PCB. In fact, let me show off DJ Devin's PCB a little more. It's upside down, it's upside down. So really clean looking, some really nice logos and graphics on there and check out the back. We have Christopher Walken and Will Ferrell doing their Cowbell sketch, Louister Cult Cowbell sketch from Silent Live as well as some Adidas stripes on there and a whole bunch more. So that was a show and tell. What else, Mark Gambler? Mark Gambler was live streaming from a phone I think and walked outside into the negative 20 degree Celsius weather, he immediately shattered into 2,000 pieces but being Canadian, he was able to reform just like the Terminator does from Mercury Blobs, gird his loins, tough it out and the reason he did all that, not just to show his dedication and his tough Canadian-ness but he was able to show us his window display, actually he's got two windows displays for the holidays using some neopixel strips around the window, some small tree lights as well as a tree topper and then he's got his second window which is using a bunch of strip, neopixel strips combined into a display, into an animated display. And he also mentioned that he's looking forward to the Scorpio board because in his first window display show those were all separate microcontrollers for the different neopixel strips and the Scorpio will help with combining that into a single microcontroller, which is super cool. And then that's not all the jepler that we get, we got extra jepler at the end, Jeff Hepler came on to show and tell a really great looking robotics magazine from 1985, that was a robotic experimenter magazine, a bunch of robot arms in there, a full schematic of eight pages of schematic for building your own computer from scratch, as well as a neat little robot that used a type of disk encoder to let it know when to turn which wheels, a primitive form of programming it, which is pretty cool. A form that dates back to a Leonardo da Vinci robot pretty much too if you ever look up the little cam, programmable cam based cart robot that da Vinci designed, similar idea. And that was show and tell, so thanks everyone for coming on and if you wanna show stuff on show and tell, just stop by any Wednesday night at 4.30 Pacific time, 7.30 Eastern time, go to our Discord and you will find a link, right, as the, right before the show starts, you'll find a link and you can click on that and head over to our StreamYard where you'll get in and be able to show your stuff. Let's see, what else have we got going on? Let's see. How about this right here? So CircuitPython is code plus community and one of the ways that we celebrate that is with our newsletter, the Python on Microcontrollers newsletter. Let me bring that up, the newest issue so you can have a look. So you can sign up for this at AdafruitDaily.com and you'll get a new one in your mailbox every week. It's not a daily, but we call it that but it's the weekly Python on Hardware or rather Python on Microcontrollers. And there were a bunch of great articles in here. I will just skim through it a little bit and mention a few, but you can go sign up for it. If you go to AdafruitDaily right at the top, you can find a link to this week's edition of the Microcontroller, Python on Microcontrollers newsletter. I gotta come up with a way to remember that name. Important first article in here. The MacOS Ventura operating system has a fix in that corrects some of the problems that were involved with dragging and dropping onto UF2 devices or dragging UF2 files onto drives so you could flash your Microcontrollers like we do with CircuitPython and there are other cases where this happens. Lots of devices use this now. That's been fixed, so that's great. It says it is not perfect. There are still some cases where things are flaky so read the article for more. But if you've been holding off as I have on upgrading, primarily due to this bug, then good news, it's getting fixed. The PyLeap update, we've got a big update on PyLeap and one of those is now we have Wi-Fi transfer working. So being able to send code over to a microcontroller via Bluetooth, we have that working now. With the new update, you'll be able to do that with Wi-Fi based devices as well. There's an example there showing one of the Featherboards doing that Wi-Fi connection. Then let's see some other articles. I'm not gonna go through everything.  There was an R2-D2 made with a Raspberry Pi Pico and a servo for rotating the head, created in MicroPython. Let me scroll down to that, that one was cool. Looking, there's a cute Mario star up on the top of a tree. Some more of these Maker-Advent projects. There we go, there's a little R2 there. Looks like it made from cardboard. I did not, I've not gone and checked that out on Twitter, but that was a MicroPython project there. That looked pretty cool. Also saw this one, the RP2040 Stamp Console is this tiny little, super teeny tiny little game console, which is a Flux preview product and it is gonna support Arduino, Circuit Python, and experimentally, Arduboi games, which looks like a lot of fun. Also saw there was a Lego case and a RPi Pico combined with a gutted old MIDI controller or keyboard of some kind. This key bed here is now able to send out MIDI, so beautiful looking build on that. Go check that out, link on Twitter. And last one I saw on here that I wanted to mention was this project that turns the radio volume down for advertisements and DJs talking for a Sonos speaker using SoCo CLI Python library when tune-in is being used. So go check that out to find out how to have automatic volume reduction for ads, which is great because ads always crank it to the maximum volume, which is disconcerting. So those are some of the great things that you'll find in the Python on microcontrollers newsletter this week. And thank you so much to Ann for putting that together along with other contributors. All right, let's see what else is going on. Hey, let's talk about the return of Adabox. So we were unable to put out Adabox during 2022 due to the global parts shortage, but we have been hard at work getting ready to release Adabox's on our much more regular schedule during 2023. So head to adafruit.com slash Adabox to find out more to sign up to get on the list to subscribe. We I think are generally in the pretty darn full for the next one, but people do drop off. So add yourself to the list and you might be able to get on even if it looks like the next one is spoken for. And you can also subscribe other people as a gift. It's gonna be a lot of fun. I'm looking forward to these. We have a bunch of really cool things planned for Adabox in 2023. So I hope you will come along for the ride. It should be a lot of fun. Let's see what else I wanna mention. How about learn guides? So let me jump over here. The Adafruit learn system has loads and loads and loads of tutorials, which you may know. It's a great place to go and find out how to use something or look for inspiration in a project or just look at a direct tutorial, direct instructions on how to build something that looks neat. If you've seen something that's that one of the Adafruit team members have shown here on social media or on show and tell is a really good chance that there's a learn guide in the works. So usually you can head right here to the new guides page and you'll see all the new stuff. We actually had some updates, some guides, just some small bits of code based on a change to the .env file that moves some things into here. So not all of these are new, but I have a little list so I know which ones to mention. So first of all I'll say Neopixel Sprite Weather Display by Liz Clark. This one is a really minimal, minimum viable weather display, but it really works. You can see from the gift there, it scrolls across the temperature and then it uses these really cute little five by five pixel icons that Liz created to show the weather. So you can see cloudy, sun coming out, stormy, all of the typical weather icons. And this uses Adafruit IO and grabs from I think weather.com or one of those I can't remember.org, maybe it's a .org to get the weather in your area. Gives you all the code examples and also how to build this really cute cloud display case for it. I mentioned the scrolling countdown timer that the Ruiz brothers showed on show and tell. There it is right there and this is a really cute photo of it there on the mantle. And this one's using the three sets of the Alphanumeric Quad Alphanumeric LED displays and it can countdown an event, let you know in days and hours, minutes, seconds, how long it is in this case until Christmas is what they have it set for, but you can code that to anything that you want, any event you want to countdown to. There was also a new guide called, here it is, the NoCode DS18 B20 temperature sensor with whippersnapper that Ava created and this will show you how to set up this weather sensor and use whippersnapper so you don't need to code it at all in order to be able to grab weather information or rather temperature information and display it on your dashboard. And then the last thing was the update and this is one that I mentioned from the show and tell that Jepler showed the mouse. So this is a update, the guide was out, but now there's this page called research to mouse and this shows you all of the info, research, existing links, new stuff that Jeff came up with in order to be able to query the messages coming from the keyboard that has the mouse plugged into it to be able to grab both the keyboard and the mouse information and then read that, get the button information, second button information and then the X and Y axis information from the mouse and then be able to translate that into USB. So those are the new guides and like I said, there are also some updates to some existing ones that are just some code changes so you'll see those in there. Those are our new learn guides. DJ Devin3 says, hey, having Pico in Whippersnappers, awesome, great job, Brent, Rubel and team. Yeah, here, here, fantastic. All right. Let's do a little bit of a, how about product pick of the week recap. So I have a show, it was yesterday, that's Tuesday, it happens every Tuesday and it is called JP's product pick of the week and this week it was the Neopixel Driver BFF for QDPI, it was the second Neopixel related BFF that we've had in a row. And on the show, I like to take a product, a new one or an oldie but goodie, give it to you at a huge discount, this week it was 50% off, do a little bit of a demo and here is a little one minute recap for you. It is the Neopixel Driver BFF for QDPI and Jouboards. This gives you level shifted five volt logic and a really nice easy JST connector for plugging in your Neopixel strips.  So I just picked some color matched headers there so that I could plug that in and know that everything was in the right orientation. So only can plug in one way, that's a keyed connection there and then I'm gonna simply plug in a USB-C cable, this is going to a powered hub on my computer and you can see there I'm lighting up some Neopixels, lighting them away. That right there is my product pick of the week this week. It is the Neopixel Driver BFF for QDPI and Jouboards. Yes, indeed it is. I'm just gonna do a little thing here to see if I can convince my display to stop stuttering. That might work. Yeah, just let me know in the chat if you do see any issues with audio or video, thank you. Let's see, what is next? Hey, how about a little circuit Python parsec? All right, let me just get set up here and that camera, that should work, should work pretty well. What I wanted to show you today on the circuit Python parsec is how to scan the I squared C bus for devices, particularly the device addresses. So when you're using these StemAQT plug and play or other I squared C devices, they all have an I squared C address associated with them and sometimes you might not know what that is. Sometimes it's written on the board, sometimes it's not. Sometimes a complex set of jumpers have been updated to give it a particular address. If you just wanna ask it, just wanna say, hey, sicker Python, just go tell me what do I have on this thing? You can do it pretty easily. So first let me show you a little demo. I'm gonna turn on my PyGamer right here and you know what, I will zoom way in and refocus and you can see here when I turn this on, it says I squared C address is found and then it's just found one of them. So it's 19, O X 19. That is the onboard accelerometer, I believe that's on the PyGamer. So essentially I have nothing plugged in to my extra StemA slot there.   So I'm gonna go and plug in a rotary encoder here and now with that plugged in when I turn this on, first thing it's gonna do is it's gonna go ahead and scan that bus and now it finds two things. So it's added to that. Now we have this address O X 38. So that is the rotary encoder there. The way this works is pretty simple. In code you can see here, I have the board being imported, board library, setting up I squared C, locking the I squared C bus. And then this is the key here. I'm just in this one fell swoop I'm printing I squared C addresses found formatting the device address to be a hex that we can read print the hex in the print statement. And then the device addresses is the list of I squared C dot scan. So I squared C dot scan is the key here. It goes and it checks for any devices on your I squared C bus. So if I want, I can go ahead and turn this off and add one more device here. I'll add another display. And you can see I'm not actually doing anything in code with these yet, but I just need to know their addresses that'll be able to set them up. So with these two extra devices plugged in here, I'll turn this on. And now it reads that we have addresses 19, 38 and 3D. And that is how you can scan the I squared C bus inside of circuit Python. And that's your circuit Python Parsec. The circuit Python. All right. You know what I saw in the chat. It was mentioned. Let's see that she was saying I hot swap I squared C a lot. If it works for you, I guess fine. I just tend to crash things when I do that. So I would avoid it. I hot swap a lot of things. I yank USB drives out like there's no tomorrow. I don't really believe them anymore. But the I squared C I have run into one into run into problems with that. Yeah, it's not hot, pluggable. I believe maybe we have a, we had a product that was meant to help with that, but I don't think it works that great. I think maybe, I don't even know if we still have that. So pretend I didn't say that. Just don't hot swap. Don't hot swap your I squared C stuff. Plug it in with things off, turn them on, and then have them be found. And if anyone has ideas on how to do that safely, let me know. But I think that's just really a no-no. All right, let's see what else have we got. Hey, let's, let's talk about some, I'm gonna do a little bit of gear report, actually. This should be a fun one. So let me jump over to the workbench here. And this is just something that I recently bought that I wanted to try out. I actually wanted to set it up live on air and see how it does. So let me set the stage for this. We have a really nice Dyson stick vacuum. We've had this for a number of years and the battery is starting to get tired. It doesn't hold a charge very long anymore. And so I wanted to replace the battery. The battery is this, what is it, 4,000 milliamp hour? No, 2,800 milliamp hour pack. And it's a good battery pack. I would consider buying the battery pack that Dyson sells, it's like $128, but it's not cheap to get a well-made battery pack with good quality batteries in it and protection from thermal runaway, one that charges well. So you can find really cheap knockoff ones on Amazon. And a lot of people say these are kind of dangerous. I don't even know if I would trust them. I went ahead and got one and it was dead on arrival. It wouldn't charge and it wouldn't work. So I sent it back and what I got instead is a gizmo that allows you to adapt your existing portable tool batteries to use on the vacuum cleaner. So that's it, that's what it looks like. They are made for a particular brand of, or ecosystem of battery, depending on what you use. I have a lot of Milwaukee stuff. So just like the good batteries you could buy from Dyson for this thing, these are not cheap. I've gotten many of these with the tools that I got, but if you go and look, these are $100 or something like that to get, in this case, I think it's a 5,000 milliamp hour or 5 amp hour battery pack. So I have some big honking ones. I have some smaller ones. This one is the nine, nine amp hour pack, kind of overkill for a vacuum cleaner. But I have chargers for these, a couple of them, and I have the batteries. Now I can't use the Dyson with the wall mount charger that it comes with. In fact, I'll just be pulling these off and charging them the way I always charge these. But let's have a look. So I've taken this off before in order to try that first battery I got. And basically there's just three Phillips screws. And I'll mention they also have DeWalt, Ryobi, Makita maybe, I'm guessing name a battery ecosystem and they probably have one that you can use. And like I said, I would have been happy to buy the very expensive Dyson one if it had been available, but it wasn't. And as it turns out, this solution, while not quite as good as having the standard that you can plug into your wall, it means that I'm not spending that much right now. This probably was 20 something dollars for the little plastic adapter. And you can see all it really does. I think it has some LEDs that light up when you're using the device. And then it has a couple of these blade connectors for your battery pack to slide into. So I'm gonna go ahead and plug this up into here. And I'll put a couple of these screws back. That's the big one back here. And I believe the factory one's run on, where did I put, that's weird. How did I just lose two screws? I thought I had stuck them in my little magnet thing. I must have put them somewhere else. Oh, that's weird. I'll have to go back and watch the video to see what I did with those screws. Oh, I left them in the original battery. The device is running on a 21 volt system, 21.6. So my Milwaukee, which is 18, should mean that I'm getting a little less power. I'm not sure how major that really is. I think I have some DeWalt stuff too that is at 20 volts, that could be a better bet. But in most of the reviews that I saw online, no one was complaining that much about there. I can power and I do have more of these Milwaukee batteries. So I figured that would be a better bet for me. So I didn't have to go out and buy any new batteries. And this could just end up being a temporary fix for a year, however long it takes Dyson to figure out how to get new batteries into their store. So there you go. This now slides in. Can still use the little lock system there. And now I should be, let's see, we got a little light there, lighten up. The batteries have their own meter. So you can see the fullness back there. So I don't, it's fine that this doesn't tell me anything about the fullness. I'm not sure if that does anyway. So it's a little awkward. It's not gonna sit the way it used to and it won't go up on the wall like it would. So I'll have to pull that off and not have it charging. But anyway, that was, I'm not getting paid for that or not endorsing any particular product. I didn't even know how well it's gonna work. I haven't tried it that much yet, but I thought it was kind of an interesting thing out there in the world that I wanted to share because I was like, hey, I've got good batteries that are pretty similar. Let's see how those work in the old vacuum cleaner there. Yeah, someone said that happened pretty quick. Yeah, it's dead simple to do. The earlier attempts at this, I think were 3D printing projects. People were coming up with little adapters, but this is now in the realm of lots of people selling them for all the different major battery ecosystems. Actually, let's see what the giant one. I may even have one bigger. I can't remember. I think I have a portable band saw with a Milwaukee. That's a lot of acutely. I can't remember. I think with, you might get, I don't know, 20 minutes of the high suction, max suction setting on the factory battery. This one is probably what, close to four times as much capacity than the factory one, which is pretty impressive. Oh yeah, Kayoshi says you can also get adapters to turn your tool batteries into battery banks. So yeah, I imagine getting something that gives me five volt USB off of those, you could charge your phone a bazillion times over, which is pretty nice. All right, so that's my little gear report there. I don't have a brand name or anything to endorse there. Like I said, I'm trying it for the first time, but if you just want you to know that it exists, I think it's a cool thing. I don't know if there are other devices out there where you wish you had a good battery and they also have this type of solution. I've pretty much only seen it for the vacuum cleaner, but it probably exists out there. All right, so let's see, what else have we got up? So I wanted to talk about my L-Cars project. So as you may remember, let me go to a Chrome view here a little quick, turn that up again. Oh, actually, you know what, before I do that, sorry, I just remembered, when I was talking about learn guides, I forgot, I wanted to mention also speaking of learn guides, this is a really cool one that C Grover from our chat posted on his user page. So we have the Adafruit user pages. I showed that Joey had done a guide here last week, I think, but Cedar Grove, Jan has posted this service guide for an old flanger pedal, guitar pedal that had a 1980s-era service manual available and not a ton else. So he was looking to repair one of these for a friend and decided to fully reverse engineer it and make CAD drawings and renderings in Kaikad, created a really nice looking block diagram of how the circuit works, did some tuning of it and shows the adjustment procedure for that to really dial in the pedal as well as here's all the different test points that you can use as you're testing the different voltages and signals. And then you can even, I think there's an out-of-print board, so you can, I believe, go ahead and make your own on Osh Park. And I don't know if he's supplying, actually, I don't know if he's supplying that board or just the schematic, but so this is not really meant as a clone project, so much as a really nice documentation of a vintage guitar pedal, flanger pedal. Really nice work. So glad to see people using the user pages for Learn Guides, that's a new-ish feature. And go check that out. You can just look for Seagrover in the Learn system and then click on Seagrover's name. You can also go learn.adaffruit.com slash you for user slash Seagrover. And you'll get access to any guides that he's put up there. So nice use of the user page and really great work on that guitar pedal guide. So thanks for sharing that. All right, so on to L-Cars. So you may remember this is a few months back. Go to this Wikipedia on it, that's a good safe bet. L-Cars is this computer system from the Star Trek Next Generations. And it has this distinctive graphic design style here. And a lot of these panels were essentially translucent vinyl print pressed to or adhered to a slightly smoky acrylic, slightly tinted acrylic, and then backlit. So just backlighting it gives you an easy way to put a whole enterprise worth of or whatever ship they're on. Put the whole control panels up without a lot of high tech stuff when this was really created. Later, there were uses of light boxes with some polarizing film and rotating polarizing light filters to make the displays blink and do a little bit. And then it eventually became CGI stuff. But I have a friend who was working on a Star Trek show got a L-Cars panel and asked me if I could build a backlight display for this. And so I started to work on this but I never had an accurate representation of the shapes. I started modeling it and using calipers but really I needed to scan it in order to get close enough for what I need. So let me show you the panel here and what I'm trying to do. So this is the original panel. You won't see, let me try to get the glare off it. So I don't have a backlight on it right now so you're not gonna see too much but we'll change that in a minute. So it is, you can see a vinyl sheet. You'll see some of the shapes in there from it being pressed and printed. But this is a very specific set of shapes and so what I did was I finally, I got actually a free scanner from someone who was getting rid of one, just a cheap Canon flatbed scanner. Scanned this, was able to capture enough detail, it's a hard object to scan, that then I was able in Rhino to recreate the shapes. This is a little test laser cut I did just in some card stock.  And the reason is I needed this to match very accurately those shapes. So that now lines up exactly with those colored shapes there and numbers so that I can project light behind it and not get bleed. And so you could, excuse me, you could always just throw a bunch of light behind this and it would look great. But I wanted to be able to blink light and have the full shapes turning on and off. And so with that light blocker and two of these pretty fine pitch LED matrices here and a matrix portal, I'll be able to light up some really specific shapes. So what I'll do actually, I'm gonna go over to the work bench and fire this up and you can see what this is gonna look like now. I can also vacuum some stuff. So now that I have that light blocker worked out in CAD and Rhino, I'm gonna build the, I'm gonna design the rest of what my display will look like that'll hold all the electronics in the back and maybe allow it either to be mounted on the wall or have a little kind of kickstand for mounting or setting on a shelf. And so yeah, let me show you a couple things and then we'll try lighting it up. So I'm gonna set this, some things. So first of all, the these panels were the best fit. These two panels together were the best fit that I could come up with for this shape. So it fully covers all of the parts that I need to illuminate. And you can see it's also a little bit big. So my frame that's gonna hold all this will need to accommodate that, just be a little bit bigger than this. And that also give me some space to hide some of my ports and electronics. And on the topic of the electronics, one thing about the Matrix Portal is that it plugs into, these are standard panels that are used for Jumbotrons and Times Square advertisements and stuff like that, billboards. They have standard placement of the data lines, a bunch of data lines.  And so I wanted to be able to maybe tuck this back somewhere else or put it into a little box or something. And so I made a little breakout cable. And if you didn't know, we sell these really cool Dupont connector wire cable sets and cable ends. So you can use these. They have a bunch of different sizes. These are, I don't think either of these are the exact, one of these might be the 10 by two. But you essentially can get our multicolor IDC or Dupont wire sets that don't have any headers on them. And then strip off, I needed 10 times two. So two sets of 10 of these. These actually happen to come in 10, the brown through the black here is 10 of them. So if you strip that, plug it through on one side, the other you get a male, female, or pin and socket cable that'll work perfectly for this. So I built that and that means that I can plug the Matrix Portal, it's as if it's plugged directly in there but it'll let me get a little extra clearance back here and I won't have to make the frame as wide. So that might end up being the solution or not, we'll see. And then these two panels are connected together with another ribbon cable. You could use this kind of cable to connect these except you need to adapt one of them to socket and the other to pin, these are normally both socketed. And then I've also got power running to this externally. So I've got a four, I think I've got a four watt or a four amp, five volt battery or rather wall wart and I'm just looking for that, where'd you go? I see you there, I see you there, there you are. So that will give us power to the panels and then I'm using just a wall wart USB-C to power just this board, just the Matrix Portal. And some projects you can do without needing to have external power, this one I'm probably just cause I'm making it bright enough and it's two panels and probably always gonna need the two of those. So this is, let's see what's the top of this thing? This is, so this is the animation that I've got started just to test this out and you can see I need to make something to hold this nicely. I don't have a good way to hold it nicely right now.  So this is the animation pattern doesn't actually fit this quite right yet. I need to scale it down a little, I wasn't accommodating for the extra gap there. But what that means is that I can isolate just some of these little sections here and if we set the panel on here, pretending that that's all lined up perfectly for a moment, you'll see now we're gonna get some really cool light up effects. Probably you don't want them blinking this much but I'll make that something that's controllable. And the little light blocker also gives me some nice diffusion. So it doesn't, you don't really see the sections bleeding into each other thanks to the blocker but it also means that that little eighth inch gap is enough that we don't see dots back there which kind of ruins the effects. So we don't want those dots and it turns out just a little eighth inch blocker here works pretty well for being able to separate that out. So that is my update on that. I'm gonna try to finish up the design of the enclosure for it as well as get those graphics to fit just right. And then in code the way I'm doing it right now I showed this last time is the, I'm just using a tile map. So I have a bitmap once I get the dimensions that worked out properly. I can just copy and paste it and then show and hide different sections of it to make it blink. Could even do sort of thermometer style meter graph gradual kind of stuff. Maybe animate those a little bit to move which would be kind of cool. I had thoughts of I think that Lamora suggested at one point maybe doing colored lights back there. I'll try that again but it's working the color in the inherent to the graphic works pretty well. So, oh, I just killed this. There we go. It didn't like me touching that. I'm just gonna try this scale. There we go. Focus that. So when I get my graphics worked out you'll see that that lines up well. It's pretty cool. It gives a nice effect. So that's my update on that. And so I'll be working on a guide for that. Now the nice thing is you could even without having an actual L cars from the show you could print color on an inkjet and get I think a similar effect. So the fact that you're able to block it block the light there means that you could probably work out a similar thing and use some spray adhesive to set it inside of a piece of plexiglass. So wind up again. There we go. And there is the L cars. All right, let's see if anyone's got. By the way, if anyone has any thoughts on the cabling or plans for a capacitive touch, someone has to know. I don't think I'm gonna do any complications.  But it would be a cool upgrade. You, I don't know. You might be able to do some, yeah, I'm not sure. I'm not sure how you'd go about doing touch on this. It would depend on the frame you're putting it in. Maybe you could get a large resistive screen. I'll have to put over it. But yeah, that's a good question. But I'm not gonna be making that one any more complicated than this. Custom cables questions. Yeah, let me show the products that I was talking about for making those. I asked for these. This was like years ago. I asked Lamore, hey, could you carry these? Because I'm always making little custom cable things. And I'd love to have a variety. So she got them. There's, let's see that. Oops. Now what have I done? Ooh, back to Adafruit here. DuPont might be the phrase that pays, no? IDC? What do we call these? Anyone finds them in the discord? That would be great. So someone asked about the wires behind the cells in a matrix, two small wires behind the cells. Oh, for capacitive touch, yeah, that's a good question. Okay, getting closer. IDC floppy ribbon cable. I might be able to get there from our jumper. Do we call those? Whoop. So we've got these ones that already have a single plastic end on each one. That's what we've always had. But getting these bare ones is the key for rolling up your own. So raw jumper wires, male-female, that's what I'm using here. Pin-in socket. And they come in a couple of different lengths. And then I think, let's see, yeah, so housing, we're calling them housings. So small dual row housing, we might also have large dual row housing jumper cables. Those are what I use. So either end, either the pin end or the socket end goes into that and clips. You can even use a tiny screwdriver or other pick to remove one if you've got to change how you've got those set up. But yeah, if you get a little set of these, you can roll your own wires like I did or cables there like I did. Oh, that image doesn't want to show. Here you go, yeah. So that, if you watch that one, that new products video that's in, that's from 2016, that was a while ago. That'll give you all the info you need on those. So I just have a little box full of all the different sizes of those when I need to make something I can. In fact, I helped my buddy, Brian, who was building a real R2D2. He's part of the R2D2 Builders Club or whatever that officially recognized organization. He just needed an extension cable for R2's eye to a microcontroller or something. And so I used some of these to build a very specific type of connector. All right, and in fact, you know what? Speaking of products, new products, and actually I want to cover a couple of new products that I showed last week. So very slightly old products, but not all that old really. Let's jump to Downshooter here and there. So here's some things that I covered last week, I think, but didn't have all of them in stock. So I got in some of these really nice focus there, there we go, connectors. So we have a bunch of these different snap action connectors. And I wanted to show one in action. So this you can see, this takes two wires in and gives you two sets of three. So six out, but it's color coded. So whatever wire is coming into this orange side is gonna be replicated on these three here. So if I take another pre-stripped stranded wire works really well, click that down. And now that's not coming out really secure and those are now connected. Same over here, I'll do that again. So I've got one of these click and now we get a nice force multiplier there. So this one will do three different wires to triple them. This is five, one to one. These are just one to one. And this is one to five. So I think that's it. I think those are all the new ones that we got in of those. So I wanted to show those so you could see what they looked like. And I have them on hand. And then also wanted to show I got the Neo Feather S2 blingy. That's the header pins that come with it. There's the actual feather. So here it is. Make something unexpected from unexpected maker. This has a USB-C connector on it. I can go ahead and give this power. This is as much as I've done with it so far which is just power it on and see that it works. And it's also got a nice little demo because it has a set of new pixels right in the middle there. So there's a little hello for you when you first plug that in. Oh yeah, and thank you. Over in the Discord chat and YouTube chat, George Graves has posted the links to those different snap action wiring connectors, block connectors that I showed. And this one too, this cool, cool new feather. So those were the new products that I got that I wanted to show. And I'll demo some of those other ones in the future once I've used them a little more. And then looking at new products this week, if we head up to, here we go. Down just a little bit. So this one, this actually, I don't think I should, I mentioned this one last week. I don't have one of these yet in stock. Oh, I have an extra face on top of my face. Let me get rid of that. There I am. So this is a snap action connector buckle, pack of two, orange DF-24. So this allows you to connect some of the snap action block connectors side by side, which is pretty cool. It's like a modular system. Really good if you're doing installations, Burning Man, theater, lighting stuff, Halloween, holiday things, any kinds of big installations, particularly using audio cabling, any kind of neopixel stuff you're doing. These are gonna make life easier and allow you to connect these side by side by side. Pretty cheap two, 75 cents for pack of two. Then another one that is new this week is the 16 by nine Charlie Plexed PWM LED Matrix Driver. It uses the IS-31FL3731 driver, and this has been Stem-A-Q-Tified. Believe we had this before, but now we've got the Stem-A-Q-T version. And this is a driver board that you can plug in any of the single color Matrix LED boards. So you can see them, actually I'll just hold them right there. You can see we've got these 16, or nine by 16 LED single colors. This is not RGB stuff, single color. And you can put these together, solder it in place or use headers if you want to change the colors out. And now you can drive it using Stem-A-Q-T and do all kinds of cool Charlie Plexed Matrix LED effects. These are the tiny, tiny, teeny little ones that are soldered on the diagonal so that they fit as close together as they can and look super cool. Let's see what's next. We have the three volt to five volt level booster in Stem-A-Q-T. So last week we showed the other way around. So again, if you're using a microcontroller that has a different logic level than your devices that you're plugging into over Stem-A-Q-T over I squared C, now you can go in either direction. You can have five volt boards go into three volt sensors. You can have three volt boards go into five volt sensors. So those are all options. And now we have the complementary pair. So maybe just pick up some so that you're ready. Next one we have here, this is the Stem-A-Q-T multiplexer, now four channel version. So we had the eight channel version before. This is using this PCA9546 chip. And this allows you to plug in a microcontroller into one port and then plug in four I squared C devices that share the same address. And normally you can't do that, but this fixes it. This allows the board to pull those devices, ask for their information, and then send it all up to the microcontroller even if all four of those devices have a shared I squared C address that can't be changed. This is a nice way to solve that. We had a version that did this with eight, but some people said, hey, I'd like a version that just does four. You can save a little bit of money and get this four channel version instead of the eight. And then we also have just instead of this Stem-A-Q-T version, we also have on the way the just pin solder version that you'd mount to a breadboard or to a Promo Proto. And that I believe is your new products. All right, what else? I think that's it. Does that cover everything? I wanted to say thank you everyone for stopping by and hanging out. And I will be taken off a few days for the holidays and I hope you will too. And I believe we're not shipping Monday and Tuesday of next week. I will not be doing my product pick show on Tuesday. I will however be back right here at this time next Wednesday to do another John Park's workshop in this very special Ask an Engineer time slot. So come on by. And in the meantime, I wish you a very merry happy if you're celebrating any of the holidays, merry Christmas, happy Hanukkah, Kwanzaa, anything that's happening, Larsmas, whatever you want. Lars and I wanna wish you a very, very happy holiday season. And that it's gonna do it. So thanks so much, Frater Fruit Industries. I'm John Park. That's Lars and we will see you next time. Bye bye.


Good afternoon in this video We're going to look at the opening of the western part of the state of Texas and this comes about following the Civil War So we're going to look at the time period from about 1865 to about 1900 and look at the various things that went on in the West. Maybe you're a fan of Westerns, Cowboys, Indians, Railroads, Buffalo, Farmers, Settlers, all of that happens in Texas as well And what we're going to do is look at from the South Texas cattle drives It took cattle from places like the King Ranch All the way across Texas up into Kansas to catch the train at the railheads and have the cattle ship back east So we'll start there and we'll look at the various frontiers in Texas If we look at the opening of Texas following the Civil War in 1865, we're going to look at ranching That's a big part of what's happening in Texas And of course the cows the cattle the horses and even the sheep goats pigs a lot of that came from Spain brought over with the conquistadors came over and the explorers came over in the 1400s 1500s and so by the time of the 1800s the middle of the 19th century You've had animals from Spain from Europe here in the United States for hundreds of years Some of those were raised by missions Some of those were raised on the ranches that the Spanish had initiated when they were settling, Texas But by now by the middle of the Civil War We've gone to open range ranching in other words the cattle the pigs the goats the horses are all running free And you rounded them up and you got them when necessary As I said, there were sheep and goats were also very important from very early on and the whole ranching industry is Multicultural you think of the word vaquero Lariat all of those are words brought in from the Spanish to the English and have been adopted into ranching culture So it was also true that a lot of the so-called cowboys They didn't look like John Wayne. They weren't all white A lot of the cowboys about a third of them were Hispanic and about another third were African-American. So it was a multicultural frontier We talked about the cattle kingdom the cattle that we see During the 1860s Are coming up out of south texas and you have these cattle drives that stretch all the way up From south texas all the way up to kansas taking the cattle to kansas the railheads and then moving them east to The markets in places like new york chicago and other areas But the railroads are necessary To help do this because of the cattle though from south texas bringing in diseases and ticks and fleas Farmers and ranchers in other states began putting restrictions on texas cattle The cattle drives really only lasted about 20 years by the 1880s the cattle drives are long gone part of that has to do with the expansion of railroads A lot of international investors we tend to think of some guy on a ranch owning it But there were corporations that got involved And people from other countries were coming into texas to buy up the land One of those was the matador land and cattle company for example Its headquarters was in scotland and yet they owned thousands of acres of west texas land and they are just one example There were many international investors that bought land in texas and you had some very large ranches The biggest ranch we see and you see the map there of uh the gulf coast The king ranch about a million acres in about four counties in texas and various divisions Probably the most famous headquartered at kingsville Named after the king ranch was the santa gertrude's division and that became home of the first texas breed of cattle The santa gertrude's the ranch was started in the 1860s following the civil war by richard king and mifflin kennedy And they had been riverboat captains and they had done steam shipping up and down the rio grand during the civil war Even larger Was the x it ranch and x it stands for 10 in texas You can see the map on the right hand side of the screen there and those show you The 10 counties that the x it ranch made up the panhandle region It made up over three million acres of land much larger than the king ranch by three times And it was largely done for the company that built the state capital as payment We'd look over at native americans in the west because as people were moving out as ranchers were moving out as later farmers were moving out to the west They were encountering native americans who already lived in the west who used the west following the civil war President grant institutes. What's known as the quaker peace policy The quakers were a religious group And they wanted to have peaceful relations with the native americans instead of a harsher policy This resulted in the treaty of medicine lodge creek in 1867, which was a In held in kansas, and it was a meeting of various Native american groups tribal leaders And representatives the problem was is that A lot of native americans didn't recognize the authority of those leaders to sign peace treaties for them And so while there was on paper a peace treaty in practice things weren't always Uh, so peaceful You know that the native americans during the civil war had pushed the frontier back About a hundred miles across the west And so one of the things that the federal government wanted to do was to reestablish Uh, native americans back onto reservations get them off that land and push that frontier Forward again. Laurie tatum was the indian agent at fort sill in oklahoma just along the texas border And that's where the keo and the comanche Were in reservation Tatum was a quaker. He tried to be very good to the native americans But he was constantly thwarted because they were leaving the reservation largely because the reservations The food wasn't very good. Sometimes it was rotten meat the companies that were contracted to provide food and supplies Weren't always doing a very good job. And so native americans were quite upset Unhappy that they lost their native land and unhappy to be on these reservations that where they lived in squalor in 1871 The so-called salt creek massacre also known as the warren wagon train raid This happened shortly after William tecumseh Sherman a general for the us army Went to investigate the conditions of native americans on the texas frontier So he came in at brownsville and he and buffalo soldiers who were guarding him Traveled up texas to see the extent of native american raids He had heard that there were a lot of attacks going on And even after the tour, he didn't believe it He arrived at fort richardson, which is just around jacksboro, which is northwest of fort worth And concluded that things weren't as bad. Well A few hours later about 100 native americans who had watched Sherman attacked they were led by satan satanta big tree And they attacked this wagon train that was bringing supplies to the fort seven people were killed this changed the indian policy Thereafter and what they wanted to do was really push back and force native americans By any means necessary to stay on the reservation And this was especially true in texas They began refortifying all the frontier forts and i've included a map here of where many of those forts were Buffalo soldiers these were the former african-american troops Out of the four divisions That served during the civil war and so you had the beginning of the so-called indian wars. This actually started in 1869 One example of problems that they had With native americans was the attack on the adobe walls trading outpost in 1874 quanta parker a chief Of one of the band of comanches stationed at fort sill left the reservation about 700 attacked adobe walls They were repelled and they were treated. It was the start of several native american attacks Attacks were coming from south of the border. This was led by juan cortina Cortina had been a problem even before the civil war the so-called first cortina war Happened right before the civil war cortina had witnessed Mexican americans being treated badly by law enforcement in brownsville So he attacked some law enforcement officers and this started battles back and forth attacks back and forth The second cortina war came about after the civil war already started Cortina joined the union volunteered to join the union And he and some of his men were attacking confederates along the rio grand Finally He settles down for a while in the 1870s However, he and some of his followers are implemented in some cattle wrestling schemes And they call for his arrest now. Here's the thing about cortina We don't know how big his gang really was or it was just a fear that people were associated with him Or willing to blame any mexican or mexican american who was causing problems with being associated with cortina So some of it may be exaggerated. Some of it really may have been him We do know that he was very active at this time The farmers frontier, this is the name we give to the expanse of farmers As they began moving west the state population between 1860 and 1890 increased tremendously From a little over half a million to well over two million people In a 30 year period that is a lot of people moving into the state Most of them do live in the rural areas And this was facilitated in large part due to the growth of railroads across texas now. This is a map I've shown you near amorello How the land was divided up into sections you can see that Northern line that kind of stretches across the map. That's a railroad and you can see how the sections are Determined off and it's in that checkerboard square Some sections of land are sold some or not. Those are probably land where the railroad is getting money from the government And you had two major roads going across texas early on the texas and pacific Which was of course moving westward and then you also have the fort worth in denver, which is moving kind of northwestern another Invention that facilitated the farmers was a development of barbed wire This of course kept cattle from moving onto your land You put up the wire the cattle don't cross it because of the barbs and the wire This led to a so-called fence war as people were trying to move their cattle during the cattle drives And this is what kind of put it into the cattle drives They were running into farmers who had put fencing up to keep cattle out. Well, they were also fencing off water and in texas you cannot Stop people from having access to water And so people were cutting the fences if they caught you cutting the fences though They might hang you you looked at some of the sources That I provided some of the primary sources about this fence war that was going on and this is what was causing that This is what was leading to those fencing wars The farmers were having many problems though as they moved west and of course it wasn't just them. There were problems across the west In 1890 the federal census bureau declared that the frontier was over meaning that Settlement had so expanded across the middle part of the american west that there was no longer a frontier You also had the rise of industrialism that farmers weren't just farming by hand, but they were using better and better implements some mechanized and so you had Changes to the farming community changes to the way people farmed and that affected the frontier also again With an excess of cotton because you had more people moving west more people establishing farms more people trying to plant cotton As you have a surplus of cotton the price of cotton declines So this is going to make it harder for farmers who are out there working planning their crops To make a living what they could make a living with before wasn't cutting it anymore And so this is going to lead to farmers unrest the farmers began forming unions or at least associations One of those popular ones was the grange. This is followed formed by a former military officer Who wanted to get farmers together? Many of them lived in isolation and he felt that they should have community projects And community events and so he started the grange the official name was the national grange of the patrons of husbandry We called the grange for short This civic club these civic organizations gave rise to political organizations as farmers became more and more upset And in south in central texas around lamb passes and hillsboro You had the beginning of the so-called farmers alliance eventually in texas It'll become known as the southern farmers alliance And this will give rise to a movement called populism or the people's party And in texas the effect of populism. They even had their own newspaper. You can see the southern mercury James hog who later becomes governor of the state Is very interested in reform that's going to help the farmers one of the things that the farmers were upset about were railroads Railroads had advertised land. They had brought people out. They had set people up But then farmers were upset because they weren't making as much money as they used to At the price railroads were charging to send crops to market And so they formed the texas railroad commission in order to regulate prices that railroads are charging One of the other things that came about was prohibition and prohibition had been around for a while starting off in about the 1840s But by the 1870s and 80s you have the formation of various organizations that are going to have effect on texas First is the united friends of temperance. Now temperance wasn't Against drinking all together, but they wanted it moderated But you do have the women's christian temperance union and many of them were Prohibitionists not only do they want you to cut back on liquor, but that wasn't enough They wanted you to stop it all together and you see how these programs Expand and that women were also involved in this And it was kind of in the woman's fear that it was okay for women to get involved because it was a moral issue In 1876 when the new constitution was founded based upon agrarian interests you see the Implementation of what they call local option laws Counties could decide if they were going to be wet allowing liquor and alcohol or dry not allowing it By 1895 you had 15 53 counties that were completely dry and another 79 that were at least partially dry So that's where this lecture will end and we'll pick up Talking about the political successes of progressives and how they turn into populace in the next lecture


How to start a YouTube channel, no fluff. Okay, you've thought about this, right? You thought about starting a YouTube channel. And you know, I did too about five years ago and I started it and I failed at it. I didn't do well. Didn't do well on my YouTube channel. Why didn't I do well? Cause I didn't do what I was supposed to do. I didn't know what to do. I didn't know how to make videos, what kind of videos. I didn't have no direction whatsoever. So I've made this video for you because when you watch this video to the end you're gonna have direction. You're gonna know what to do. And if you follow these steps you're gonna be successful. Now in the past eight, nine months I followed the rules, I did what I was supposed to and guess what? I got results. I got people viewing. I got comments. I got monetized. I'm making money, all because I followed some rules. So I'm gonna give you those rules and I think you're gonna like them. I think you're gonna find it's not that hard to do and we're starting right now. Now you know something else that's not really hard to do. A lot of people don't do, but they should. They really should and you should do it too. And that's hit the subscribe button below. If it's red, it's warning you, it's saying you need to hit me and when you hit it and you smash it and you crush that subscribe button a bell's gonna pop up just like this. You won't see the bell until you subscribe. But when you do, you gotta ring the bell, turn on all bell notifications so that you're notified every single time I do a video. I said that fast enough. I think I did.  You don't have to go scurrying around in the dark in the middle of the night trying to find videos for me. Who wants to do that? No, you wanna be notified. You wanna be part of the Fisher family, the VIP group that gets notified every time I go live. Okay, so let's talk about YouTube. The first thing I'm gonna tell you is when to start. You need to really analyze this when to start. Here's what, lean in, let me tell you. Here's when you start. Now, now, start right now. Okay, don't wait. No, no, not tomorrow. Right now, literally. Well, yeah, I mean at the end of the video. But I mean, as soon as you finish this video, then you could start, okay? So surprisingly, a lot of people have thought about making a YouTube channel. They thought and they thought and they thought and they thought for days and they thought for weeks and they thought for months, they thought for years. I'm not talking about you, am I? Am I? I hope not. Hope that's not you. I hope this is the first video you watched on it and you're raring to go. It's like this, guys. YouTube is growing at such a fast pace and that's what scares a lot of people to go, am I too late to the party? You know, is it too late to start a YouTube channel? Most certainly not. Think about this. If it's really growing now, why is it growing? It's really growing because there's more users. There's more users. There's more users than there were in 2004, okay? A lot more users. Like there's billions and billions of views so it doesn't matter that there's more creators. It doesn't matter that there's more channels. Your audience is still a lot bigger per channel than it was years ago. Now's the time to start. And every day that you miss, every day that you wait is a day that you could be moving forward. And here's the thing with YouTube. It's funny. You know, I started off doing videos. I think I did my first one in 2015 and then I didn't do anything for a while and I did some more. It was really haphazard. There was no way my channel could grow till I got serious about it, which I did and now it's grown and I'm gonna share that with you. But here's the point. Every time you press that record button, you're gonna get a little bit better. It may not seem like it, okay? It may seem like you're terrible on camera. You may hate it, but the point is the more you do it, you're gonna get, if nothing else, a little bit more confident.  And if you keep doing that, you're gonna keep moving forward. And if you wait, it's another lost day. Don't do that.  You say, I cannot upload this J.R., I can't do it. Then don't upload it. But at least you got that horrible one out of the way. Unfortunately, I uploaded the first horrible one. If you go back to the beginning of my channel, you'll see it. Please don't do that. Please don't go back to the beginning of my channel and look at that video. I don't want that to be the most watched video at all, okay? But you'll see what I mean. And this is not just true with my channel. It's true with just about any channel. You find some of the YouTubers that you really like and you go to their videos and then you sort by oldest video and check that out. Look at that video. I really like Mark Wiens. I follow his channel, but I went and checked out his original video. Mm, mm, mm, mm, mm. And it has a real earthy smell to it. First of all, you need the device. You got your little silver guy. It was not the best video he had ever done. But you know what? Yours won't be either. You just got to get started. You got to get through the crappy videos.  And if that's the case, you really don't want to wait because you're that great, right? Number two, learn how YouTube works. No, seriously, learn how it works. Know the mechanics of it. Just because you've been watching YouTube for five or 10 years doesn't mean you know how YouTube works. The only way you're really going to know how YouTube works is by actually uploading videos, by editing videos, by putting in titles and descriptions. And here's the deal and I didn't do it.  I didn't always put descriptions on my videos. That's dumb. I didn't always put tags on my videos. That's really dumb because nobody can find your videos if they aren't tagged. How are they going to find it? How in the world is YouTube going to say, here's a video, if when somebody searches in the keywords, you don't have any keywords in your videos. That's dumb, okay? But that's what I did in the beginning. So I'm telling you, learn how YouTube works. That will help you out more than anything else. Number three, develop a strategy that you will follow. Understand that the people watching your videos do not care if you get more subscribers. Now I'm going to ask you to subscribe, of course, but you don't care about that. That's not why you came to this video. You don't care about any likes I got or how many comments I got. You care about getting information that's going to be useful and helpful to you. So when you're doing your YouTube videos, think about how you can help the viewer, not how you can help yourself. Think about who your target audience is, okay? I have an audience that wants to learn how to make money online and get better at it. So all the content I make has to do with helping them make more money online because that's what they want. I need to solve that problem for them and they'll keep coming back. If I switch and all of a sudden the next day I'm doing amusement park rides and then I'm going out to dinner and I'm talking about the best steak, they're not gonna stick around because that's not why they subscribe to my channel. So you need to clear your head and say what, who am I speaking to? What's my message and what am I trying to help people with? And of course you want to think about how you're gonna deliver this content. And this is super important and something I didn't take into account is that people expect what they know. They expect what they know. In other words, if I were to publish a video every Monday, Wednesday and Friday for three months and then I didn't publish for a month and a half and then I started doing Tuesdays and Thursdays, I'm gonna lose my audience, okay? Because that's what they expect. They expect what I'm doing. So whatever I do, I need to do what I'm doing or I can always add to it. So right now I'm publishing five videos a week, Monday through Friday, you get a video from me, okay? So if you subscribe, that's pretty cool, right? Hit the subscribe button, you get five videos a week and I do a live on Saturday right now. Now that live can switch up. Sometimes I did them on Friday, I've switched it to Saturday. But the point is I do a lot of videos. I do six videos a week. And I say it's a lot, it really isn't. You know, I know a guy that I follow gonna be publishing and he can do four or five videos in a day, yeah. Four or five videos a day, that's a lot of videos. But the bottom line is they know what to expect. I publish them at the same time a day so they know when it's gonna come out too. Figure out when your audience is gonna be online. You're gonna have to get some views first to see that but after a while, YouTube will actually tell you when your audience is online so you know when to publish them. Number four, invest in the right audio equipment. Now right now, I got this little mic right here and it goes down to my pocket and it goes to this transmitter and right there on the camera, I've got a receiver for it. I do that because I wanna have better audio. People don't listen. They don't listen to videos if the audio is bad. They will watch a video if the video's not that bad but when you have bad audio, man, it really hurts. Now this is not to say that you gotta go out and buy an expensive microphone. What I'm saying to you is have good audio. My cell phone right here, which I have a timer going right now, you can see how long I've been talking on this video, has a really good microphone on it. If I'm about this far away, it has a pretty good microphone on it but if I were to put it on a stand over there and it's on the stand that's about five, six feet from me right now, it would sound terrible because this microphone picks up everything in the room and any echoes off the walls, it's gonna get that. Now, the other thing you can do for microphones is you can take the echo out of a room. Remove the echo. Now I've removed the echo from this room. Hopefully you don't hear an echo and the way I've removed it is on each of these walls right here, there's pads on the walls and these pads absorb sound, okay? So that's kind of important because this camera is a long ways from me but if I wanna use my cell phone, I can do that but make sure I turn it horizontally, okay? At least do that and then I can use, I'm gonna get a selfie stick down there. I could use a selfie stick to hold it in front of me to hold it a little bit steadier or position it on my desk so it doesn't wobble, okay? So those are just a few of the things you can do to make your videos better without spending a lot of money on camera equipment.  I've got some lights set up around here but the next thing is lights. Make sure you have good lights, okay? They gotta be able to see you.  You don't want that, okay? You want something that looks appealing to people. Number five, create some type of template. Now what I mean by that is, you know, in the beginning of your video, like in the beginning of all my videos, I say what the title is because YouTube is listening to that title and if I have the title written and I say it, then I have a better chance of that coming up in the search results. In addition to that, I'm gonna tell you, you know, what the video's about because if it's not something you wanna watch, why would I keep you here?  So that's what I do. I ask people to subscribe and ring the bell because if I don't do that, they won't and then I won't get subscribers and I won't get bell ringers and I need both of those, right? And then I get into the meat of the actual video and this is kind of my template I'm going through with you and then I ask them for comments at the end and give me a thumbs up. And that's pretty much every video I do is like that and that's what you should have. Some type of template that you're gonna follow each time you shoot a new video. Not to say you can't change your template but start with some type of format that is the same throughout all your videos. Number six, learn to love analytics, yeah.  The videos that are doing good, maybe you'll wanna make another video or a follow-up video to that video on that particular subject because that's what your audience is saying, hey, I like that, I want more of that, we'll watch that, we'll like that, we'll comment on that, maybe that's something you should do. Number seven, you're gonna want to verify your channel as soon as you possibly can. It's really important to verify your channel so that you can use a lot of the features. I don't need to talk and talk about that but just make sure you verify your channel. And number eight, when you're setting up your channel, have a nice banner, okay? Don't have a channel where the banner is just awful looking and there's nothing there and there's no place for them to click and no other links to anything. Spend a little bit of time on a banner, you can hire somebody at five or you can hire somebody at Upwork or Freelancer to make you a banner for probably 20, 30 bucks, not a lot of money, but have a nice banner up there. Now, if you wanna go to the next level, I recommend TubeBuddy, I have a link in the description down there, TubeBuddy helps you analyze, helps you find tags, I do so many things for you, I don't wanna go through all that but there's a link down there, you can get a free subscription to TubeBuddy, free is cheap and also if you use my link and you decide to upgrade, you get a 30% discount which is pretty darn good and it's inexpensive anyhow, it's just a few bucks, not a very expensive tool but it will make you a lot of money. I hope you enjoyed this video, I hope you like what you heard, now here it comes, give me a thumbs up if you like the video, don't forget to subscribe, remember I said I was gonna ask you to, I need you to subscribe, if you haven't done it so far, turn that red subscribe button to gray and as soon as you do, you're gonna see a bell, ring the bell, turn on all bell notifications that way when I make a new video or I go live, I can notify you about it, it'll be part of the Fisher family, part of the VIP group that knows about all this stuff before anybody else. I thank you so much for watching this video and I'll see you in the next one. Hey, thanks for watching my video, don't forget to subscribe to my channel and click that little bell right here so you can be notified every time I do a new video. Also click on one of those videos there, keep watching on my channel.


We're going to be looking at collisions where the objects stick together during the collision. Now I'll demonstrate the collisions and get some data and later you'll use that data in order to determine whether momentum and kinetic energy are conserved in these collisions. We're using the same setup as in the past, a low friction track. The track has been leveled so that the gliders don't have a tendency to drift one way or the other. They move along it with fairly low friction, but they will slow down a little bit. So it's not completely frictionless. On each glider there's a post-it note which is taped there. And the purpose of the post-it note is to trigger the photogate timer as it passes through. And that's how we measure the velocities of the carts. And you may have noticed it was a little bit difficult to pull these apart. The reason they stick is because there's Velcro on the front of them. I don't know if you can see it, but there's a piece of Velcro on each side and the opposite kind on each side of this one. And so they will stick. So for each collision one cart is going to be stationary to begin with. I'm going to make it this cart right here. So it'll sit right there just in front of one photogate and this cart just to the outside of the other photogate. The reason I chose the position like this is almost immediately after the collision occurs this post-it note will pass through the photogate. So if there is any slowing down of the cart's due to friction it's not going to have time to slow down very much after that collision. So that minimizes the error due to friction. And for the same reason this photogate is close to the other one so that almost immediately after this post-it note passes completely through it collides with the other cart. In fact I can probably move that just a little bit closer. So that will minimize the error due to friction and we should get better data. So I'll begin by zeroing both of the photogates and position this and give this a push. And let's see what the photogates read. This one is .158 seconds and this one is .077 seconds. Alright well now what I'm going to do is put different amounts of mass in the carts and get some more data. So I'll take one of these bars. Now each bar is half of a kilogram and each of the carts is half of a kilogram. So that makes this cart now one four kilogram with the load on it. This one is still a half. Get that one ready. Reset the photogates. Here it goes. So the time readings are on this one 0.110 seconds and on this one 0.070 seconds. Alright let's change the bar to the other cart. So now this is one kilogram. This is half a kilogram. Reset the gates. Collision number three. Now that one you can see slowed down quite a bit. There might be a significant influence due to friction that you have to worry about. Okay the time on this is .239 seconds. And on this one is 0.071 seconds. Now you may have noticed that this flag was going through the photogate too. So this flag went through first and then it was followed by that one. And why doesn't this flag simply add to the time that was already there and give us an incorrect reading. The reason is that the timer actually will stop after the first photogate goes through and it will not record the time for the second flag. It will keep that in memory so if we wanted to find out what it was we could find out. But it doesn't actually display that. So that's how we can get away with that. Okay I'm going to put another bar on this cart and move this bar over to here. So now this is a kilogram and a half. This is half a kilogram. This cart is three times the mass of that one. Alright reset. And the times are .109 seconds. .078 seconds. Let's do one more collision. I'll take my last bar and put it on this one. So now we've got a kilogram here. Kilogram and a half there. Reset. And the times are .159 seconds. And .087 seconds. So with the data that you have the times for each collision and the width of the flag which by the way is 5.0 centimeters or .050 meters and the masses of the carts you'll be able to determine whether momentum and kinetic energy are conserved in these collisions.


Hi there, I'm Sandy Oluk, artist and paper crafter here on YouTube, and today I want to share with you some tips on Bible journaling, specifically my top three things that I think you need to remember as a Bible journalist. I don't claim to be an expert at this. I haven't been at it nearly as long as many others. I have a different style than many other people as well, but I think these three things apply to pretty much all of us, so we can keep the right heart in mind as we do our creative work with God. So let's get started. The first thing is that it's all about time with God. He wants time with you, and you need time with Him. During my recent 30-day challenge to create in my Bible daily, I began by reading in the morning as my pastor says, reading until my heart got happy, until I heard God speak, until something caught my heart. Then I would tuck that scripture in my heart and on a piece of paper in my pocket and meditate on it throughout the day. You would be surprised at how many times a day God will speak to you through daily life if you try this. Then by the evening time, I was ready to journal what He had been saying to me all day, and I usually had some sort of image or color developing by then. This was a beautiful way to really soak in the Word throughout the day, and though it was for the 30-day challenge, I found that I've continued it since then, which is the biggest blessing ever to become a woman who craves that time with God every morning. So if you're trying to just cram in a half an hour of art in your Bible in the evening without really spending time with the Lord first, you're missing out on the very best part of Bible journaling, time with God. Second, it's all about being authentically you. I actually had to go on a Pinterest and Instagram fast for a while. I was spending tons of time looking at amazing work by other people, and that had two results. First, I started comparing myself. I wanted to make things that were Pinterest worthy or pages that would get lots of likes on Instagram. I got caught up in thinking about making my pages for others, and I felt inadequate next to some folks who had very different talents than I do. I also started trying to be others. I saw one page in particular that showed me where my heart was. I saw somebody do a page with a gorgeous pastoral scene with sheep and a shepherd, and I started stalking her blog to find out if she posted the page and the products used for it so I could go get them. She hadn't. And as I realized that I was getting frustrated, I also realized that I suddenly wanted to become her. I wanted to copy her page. While learning from others is really important, it's also important to be you. Don't worry about what other people are doing. If you draw stick people, that's perfectly OK. If all you can manage is a background, do not feel bad.  You do you. God made you to be the way he made you. And if he wanted you to be like that Pinterest lady, he would have gifted you that way. So use your skills and do what he says you should do. And when we copy pages by others, we also end up depriving ourselves of that engagement with God on our own. We journaled the passage that someone else picked out. For a while, I found myself thinking that following somebody else and copying their idea was a shortcut to getting a page done. But by cutting out God from the process and not hearing from him myself, it really only left me short. Thus, by fast, I recommend staying off of social to search for ideas until you get in a groove with your own style and your own process of hearing from the Lord yourself. Once you've established how you go about it, then you're safer to look at what others are doing without putting yourself down or copying others. The third thing I've learned is that it's not about the art. I know that's a weird thing to say, right? But I refer you to point number one, it's about time with God, not about what that finished page looks like. Bible journaling should result in a closer relationship with the Lord, not with worry or with fear over doing things right. Just some of the fears I've heard people say have been, which Bible do I get? What paints do I need? What gesture do I have to buy? Which mediums bleed through? What have my paper wrinkles? And on and on. And while these things can make a difference and be upsetting to you, please know that stuff's going to happen. You'll discover as you create that even if someone says that a certain type of pen or ink or paint works, sometimes that's only with a certain number of colors and other shades will bleed a little bit. And unless you want to spend your Bible journaling time wrapped up in worry, let go of that. It's a must. Researching online about what others say works can only go so far. And you're going to have things happen that you won't be thrilled with. And that's just okay. Plus, all the pages that you've seen rolling through in this video, they have all been created without gessos or grounds or any kind of medium as the base on the page. I was delighted to find out they aren't necessary, despite the fact that some Bible journalists swear by them. It's okay to deviate from what others say is required. I wanted to create with products I already had. I didn't want to have to buy all the special pens or the special inks or the special devotionals or buy all the stickers and all the stamps. And I encourage you to do the same. Treat yourself once in a while to a couple new things, but feel free to start with a very simple pack of colored pencils, your Bible, and time with God. Again, Bible Journaling is all about developing a closer relationship with God. If you end up stressed out or upset or worried as a result of doing it, it's probably not getting you anywhere. In this video, you've seen a couple Bibles that I'm using. Yes, I said a couple. I began by purchasing two journaling Bibles. First, I just Googled for journaling Bible and the translation I wanted. It's very easy to locate them on the web. I discovered by working with all the Bibles shown in this video, that they have Bible paper in them. Think about it. If anything had thicker paper that we can get artsy on, the Bibles would be huge and thick. So please don't expect a heavy paper. You're always going to get Bible paper. Get a journal if you want that kind of paper. It's a great option for those who love going crazy with mediums. In this video, you've seen mostly the one with a two inch border. And this exact version is out of print, but a quick search online for journaling Bible or note taking Bible will reveal a lot of Bibles in a variety of translations. Some have lines like mine and some do not. Another has a one inch border all the way around. While there isn't the wide column for art, there is a more narrow border on three sides that allow for more written journaling in those margins. In a Bible like this, you can decorate a page with a beautiful background and leave yourself room for your journaling about the verses because I know some people love to do word studies in the margins and this would be a great option. Next, Tyndale sent me their new Inspire Bible with pre-printed verses to color. And that's a good one for new folks who are kind of paralyzed about where to start. There's a couple things I want to draw your attention to. One is that some pages are completely covered by the provided journaling. So if you want to journal another verse on that page, you may have to get creative and do a tip-in or something. And related to that, this Bible as beautiful as it is could also become a coloring book and nothing more. So I ask that you pinky swear with me if you get this Bible, commit yourself to reading the whole chapter before coloring any image so that you have some scripture to meditate on as you color. Remember, this is all about time with God. Crossway sent me one of their interleaved Bibles. It's a little thicker than the average Bible, but it has a full empty page in between each printed page. So you have a whole page to go crazy on and two sides of it if you use things that don't bleed through. For some people, a full blank page though can be large and scary and empty. Even for myself, I discovered that that can be a little intimidating. Finally, I want to address those who don't have the money or the desire to go get a new Bible. You don't have to get a new one. After working in some of these other Bibles, I went back to my normal study Bible that I've had for decades and started working in that one. I've done some art that just highlights verses. I didn't get crazy with drawing or wording. The images are simple if they exist at all.  The type of Bible you choose is a matter of personal choice, honestly. After doing this for a while, the two inch border is probably the most comfortable for me. I discovered that I like the limited space. So now that you know my top three things about Bible journey, it's all about time with God. It's about being authentically you and it's not about the art. Well, I'm sure you still have a gazillion questions about mediums and techniques and all the things you've seen in these pages. And rather than making a five hour video out of this one, I've put together a small class on my blog. It's only a few dollars to make it accessible to everybody who wants to learn more. There are currently 10 lessons and there could be more added over time. They include everything from how to approach a page, how to begin thinking through your imagery, how to transfer it onto your paper, and then a variety, a wide variety of mediums and techniques and a lot of the testing that I did of different brands so you can have a better idea what might work in your Bible. And even if you don't wanna take the glass, you're welcome to go see stills of all the pages seen here and more on my Bible journaling page along with the list of supplies that I use for creating in my Bible. Links are in the description for all of this. Thanks so much for spending a few minutes of your day with me. I will see you next time I post a new video.


Utility is especially in emerging economies have a problem, they have a problem of a mixture of poor people and rich people and yet all these people need water in order to be able to achieve goal number six of SDGs. So we are looking at utilities being able to discuss with their governments so that they can give them grants to be able to finance those people who cannot be able to get water and be able to charge those who can pay so that there is some cross subsidy within the system. We are also looking at utilities to be able to use technology because technology is important. Technology helps these utilities to be more efficient, technology helps these utilities to be more productive. We are also looking at governance, governance is very very important. With poor governance most utilities especially in emerging economies have got a problem. So we are looking at that also. We are also looking at staff, utilities must engage their staff. There is no utility that is going to make a difference if the staff there are not doing a good job. So I am basing all this on the case study of national water, what we have been able to do in national water, increasing geographical coverage and also increasing the turnover in the last six years. We have increased our turnover more than three times. We now correct over 100%. The profits have grown almost three times. We are also emphasizing collaboration. We need to collaborate. We are no longer talking of best practice now, we are talking of next practice. A practice which is better than the way you are doing things and you can achieve this through collaboration. Utilities especially in emerging economies, they need to know that they can do it. This business of thinking that someone else will come and do it for you is not correct. In national water we have done it, we continue to use a do it ourselves policy and it is helping us. So let us believe ourselves, let us know that the utilities we manage are the utilities of our countries so that we can help our countries to grow to better standards.