Now, thanks so much everyone for coming. Good afternoon and welcome to VEG 21, which of course is this year's virtual annual meeting of the European Geosciences Union. This year we have more than 14,000 abstracts and about 16,000 researchers from around the globe participating. I'm Terry Cook and I'm EG's Head of Media Communications and Outreach and I'll be hosting today's press conference and it will include a question and answer period after the presentations by our speakers. To allow for you, the members of the media to ask your own questions, we're conducting this as a Zoom meeting. And so once the last speaker has finished, you're welcome to either type your question into the chat or put a queue and then I'll call on you and you'll be able to ask your question directly. If for any reason Zoom suddenly quits, I'll restart the press conference and just give everyone a few minutes to rejoin the session, but hopefully that will not happen. Just wanted to let you all know that the abstracts and other documents relating to this press conference and all of the other ones as well have been uploaded onto the document section of our online press center and you can access that using the website, media. egu.eu. And so please check there for more information and also for images. So it's my honor now to introduce our panelists and I'm going to introduce all of them at once just to make for faster transitions in between. So this press conference is recent wildfire research, understanding impact, assessing risk and reducing hazard. And I'm not sure why I haven't heard from Benedetto de Rosa, he's not able to join us. If he does come in late then he'll be the last speaker, but he would be more than happy to answer questions by email, and I can provide that. So our first speaker today will be Bruno Paricio from the University of Lisbon. We have a pre recorded presentation next from Dirk Thielen who's from the Venezuelan Institute for scientific research. He's also joined us. His internet connection is fluctuating but he will hopefully be able to answer questions in the chat at least and is more than happy to answer questions by email as well.  So thank you very much. And I will now hand things over to Dr. Paricio. Thank you, Terry. I'll start sharing my screen. Okay, so my name is Bruno Paricio. I'm a PhD students at Forest Research Center at University of Lisbon. And I'll be talking about our work in combining wildfire behavior simulations and complex network theory to support field management. This work was supported by Anna Sa, Francisco Santos, Chiara Bruni and Jose Pereira. And before starting I would like to thank Terry for the invitation to be here today. And if after this session you find, if you find yourselves with questions or doubts, please feel free to contact me. So this is a question that we often have in mind. So can science help decision makers to reduce large wildfires. And before, before starting to explain how can we do this. We need to understand the relevance of this question and the relevance of the answer. So the answer is yes, we can help decision makers. And this is relevant because the number of wildfires in Europe is decreasing, but inter-annual variability is increasing. This means that bad fire seasons are becoming worse and worse. So we are experiencing more intense wildfires that are more difficult to suppress and have more severe consequences. This is due to a large set of reasons, but the main reason is the abandonment of the countryside, which leads to fuel accumulation and in turn, basically transform our landscape, the European landscape, into a prone landscape for large wildfires. So what is our contribution? Basically, there are many ways to study wildfires. And one method that it's currently used is to use models to simulate fire behavior. The problem is that these, the models outputs are very often, they are often very specific, which make them difficult to communicate with decision makers. So what we did was to use complex network theory to interpret the models outputs. So let us start with the basic. What is a network? A network is basically a set of different nodes and links that are connecting our network. So what we did was to run the wildfire simulations. We stored the outputs regarding wildfire behavior. And then on top of those outputs, we generated the network. So imagine that we have a landscape. Here it's represented by squares and rectangles where each square represents a unique patch or a unique parcel of lands. And on top of that, we generated the centrites, the nodes that are connected to all of its neighbors by links. Okay, so we have now a network that is very similar to the original landscape. So because now we have a network, we can actually implement and use different metrics to study the network. So we used this, this metric called giant components to understand what is the largest extent of area that has the potential to burn with few opportunities for ground base suppression. So we know that above a given threshold of fire intensity, ground based suppression will have a low effectiveness. So what we did was to account for all of the continuous area above this given threshold to quantify what is the largest extent of area where we basically have just a few opportunities for ground based suppression. And then we also generated a new metric called directional index of wildfire connectivity that basically allows us to identify the most important areas for connectivity. The way that this metric works is that not only is important the intensity that each parcel, each node in the landscape can burn, but also where that patch or that parcel is located in the landscape. Okay, so in this example, we have this particular parcel that burns at the high intensity, but because it is located in an area where its neighbors also burn at the high intensity, then we say that this is a particular, a particular area of interest under this metric. So how can we help. We applied this metrics to the Serret Moschik, located in southern Portugal, Serret Moschik is a Mediterranean area, very prone to large wildfires. And because of that, in the past, it was suggested the implementation of this fuel break network. So this solid black lines that we see that you see here is the entire fuel break, which is composed by 3500 actors. So we can imagine a fuel break to be something similar to this. So we have a forest, and in between we have this fuel break that basically breaks the continuity of the forest. Let me just say that this fuel break network was never implemented. Okay. So because it was never implemented, we asked ourselves, can we actually identify some of the priority fuel breaks to implement. So we applied those metrics that I just present to you. And actually, we can indeed identify some some priority areas. So here under the giant components, which basically tells us which is, and where it is located the largest area where we don't have opportunities for ground based suppression. We see that these two particular fuel breaks are the most important in the entire network. And when we take into perspective the directional index of wildfire connectivity, which basically tells us where are the parcels the areas that are more prone to spread a wildfire in the landscape. And we see that we basically have four different fuel breaks that are top priority. In the more detailed way, when we look at the landscape in a more reactive perspective to break up the largest area with few opportunities for ground based suppression. We basically need to fuel breaks of around 300 actor actors to basically reduce this metric by 50%. When we take a more preventive perspective of the landscape, basically to stop or to limit the wildfire, the wildfire spreading in the landscape, we basically need for fuel breaks of almost 600 actors to reduce this metric in 40%. So basically what I'm trying to say is that we don't need to implement the whole 3,500 fuel break network to have a meaningful impact in reducing the hazards in the landscape. So, take home messages. We do have the tools to identify priority areas for fuel reduction. And the fact that our recommendations are often overlooked is also political decision and I like to add on that is more and more a political decision, rather than a technological limitation on our sides. The second take home messages is that is that the use of graph based tools in wildfire research allows to further reduce uncertainty since we are looking at the landscape in a different perspective, which will contribute to manage wildfire risk more efficiently. So, thank you for your attention and I'm looking forward to your questions. Thank you so much. Thank you. So for the next presentation is pre recorded. This sound is a little bit faint. And so I'll play it through the sounds set on maximum right now. But if anyone would like me to send them the presentation so you can play it on your own computer. I'm happy to do that afterwards. Please just email me. Good afternoon. My name is to feel. I'm head of the laboratory of landscape ecology and climate from the Venezuelan Institute for scientific research. On behalf of my colleagues, we want to thank you for your interest in this presentation and your interest in our research, which deals with Pantanal's historical drought that extreme drought that's currently affecting the Pantanal. Let us remember the Pantanal is the largest wetland in the world. And together with the Amazonas and Serrado represents one of the most important biodiversity hotspots, not only Brazil, but in South America. Now, because this ongoing extreme drought affecting the Pantanal, unprecedented fires have occurred, affecting, directly affecting and severely affecting over 30% of its extension. We are, in the present research, we are concerned about some key issues such as evolution. Evolution regarding dynamics on temporal and spatial dynamics, also very important contribution we're making with this research is identifying the causes, the determinants that make such a drought so severe, so prolonged, and using that evidence for forecasting, not only the current drought, but also the potentiality of occurring future extreme events affecting the ecosystem functioning of this important wetland. Now, these two sets of figures give us information about what has been the evolution, the time and space dynamics of the drought. We can see that drought started already in 2019 and since March 2020 until present, the over 70% of the area of the Pantanal has been, has had a sustained extremely, extremely dry condition. We can see that, appreciate that better here in this graph, and also very important, we can see here that even though we are ending a rainy season, such as this one here, we are starting a dry season with an extremely dry condition. With showing a very important deficit in precipitation. As mentioned, another key issue we are very interested is identifying the determinants of this variability, this precipitation variability in the Pantanal area, such as the occurrence of these dry poses, and very specifically this current drought that's affecting the Pantanal. For this, we established correlations between monthly precipitation and sea surface temperature. From this exercise, we identified eight specific oceanic regions, five in the southern hemisphere, which have very strong and very positive correlation with precipitation dynamics here, meaning that the warming in these oceanic regions would result in wet pulses, as we can see here. We would be explaining the presence of these wet pulses, while in the northern hemisphere we identified three specific oceanic regions with also very strong correlation, but negative with precipitations here in the Pantanal, meaning that the warming in one or more of these oceanic regions would be negative correlated with the presence of triposes, occurrence of important dry and extended triposes in the Pantanal area. Now, a significant trend in warming has been identified for these three oceanic regions, which have been correlated negatively with precipitations in the Pantanal. And this trend is more important here, specifically here in the northeast Pacific in this region. As we can see here, this specific region explains almost 86% of the happening of this very important current drought affecting the Pantanal area. Now, this significant trend in the warming of waters here in northeast Pacific has generated a marine heatwave condition since June 2019 and for almost constantly until present. Here we have it in red. This marine heatwave is defined as when sea surface temperature surpasses 90th percentile. Now, this is not only a new concept, it is also a new climatic reality. There is a lot of research, a lot of concern about the dynamics, the recent dynamics of this phenomenon. There is some researchers have forecasted, here we can see that it is indeed a recent phenomenon, but they are forecasting in the short term for an increase, not only in the duration of marine heatwaves in different oceanic regions, which would increase. This includes the ones we are concerned, but also for an intensification of such events. Results from this research show that precipitations at the Pantanal area are most sensitive to the dynamics and presence of marine heatwaves in certain oceanic regions. For example, the current extreme drought affecting the Pantanal can be explained by the presence of a very prolonged and very intense marine heatwave here in northeast Pacific. Currently, there is a trend, a very significant trend for warming of these three specific oceanic regions, which were established to have a high correlation with the occurrence of triposes and droughts in the Pantanal area. From this evidence, we can forecast for the Pantanal area an increase in the trend for an extremely dry condition in the Pantanal area, as well an extension in such a trend, at least for two more years. Now, this marine heatwave situation, there is a forecast for an extension in its duration, as well as an intensification. This most certainly would generate a new climate reality, very difficult if not impossible for the Pantanal to over. I want to stop here and thank you again for your interest in this topic and remind you I am completely available for any further questions or inquiries you may have regarding this investigation. Thank you very much. Thank you, Eric, for sending that in. And again, if you were not able to hear the sound very clearly, please just send me an email and I'd be happy to share that. And at the end there, he emphasized that he's happy to answer questions by email, if he's not able to join us later on for the Q&A period. So we'll now turn to Dr. Samuel Luthi from ETH Zurich. Thank you so much. All right. Hello, everybody. Do you see my slides? Presentation mode. Fantastic. So yeah, hello also from my side. My name is Samuel Luthi. I'm a PhD student here at DTH here in Zurich. And thanks a lot also from my side to Terry for the invitation to talk at this press conference. I get the chance to present to you what we've been working on over the past year on economic damages or wildfires, and that's work that I obviously haven't done alone. My name is Dr. Gabriella Snarsigwan. My professor, David Bresch, who are very much involved, but also I'm in many other of the whole veteran climate risk group here in our team as obviously research is quite often a team effort and chat over coffee sometimes as important as a concrete input in a meeting. So what we do generally here with the veteran climate risk group is we try to estimate impacts and model impacts of natural disasters or of climate extremes. And we look at often at infrastructure damages, so at the US dollar, but also at, for example, how people are getting displaced under flooding, etc. So this this trait of research is actually only very recently in an academic trade for a long time it used to be within the rather within the insurance industry so rather within the private sector, where we insurers or insurers tried to model impacts of typically of large natural hazards as hurricanes, tropical cyclones, earthquakes, flooding, etc. To price their policies, accordingly. Obviously, they, they had a focus on on the richer regions of this world, where the biggest losses would come up so there was the focus was very much on on the US, on Japan on Australia, or also in Europe, and also mainly on on hurricanes or on earthquakes. Relatively little attention to to economic impacts of wildfires. And that's also, I mean, if you look at at the figures and that's a Swiss tree who published those that in the time period from the 1980s to 2015. Like insured losses from from wildfires were only two percentage of the whole losses of the industry. And this number has gone crazily up to 12 percentage in the last five years so in the periods 2016 to 2020 so up to percentage to 12 percentage. And obviously that brought a lot of attention to the topic and and the insurance industries now all over it so they're publishing reports etc. And also more and more. As we see that that more and more investors in the financial world want to have a look, want to know the climate risks of what they're investing in they also keep asking this question, are you exposed to this sort of natural catastrophe to climate risk. And so now insurance also started modeling wildfire slowly, but obviously what they do is they have the proprietary models focusing on the very rich regions of the world. That is a bit different to what we do here at the weather climate risk group, as we want to be open source open data open access so that that everybody can work with our model and that we only rely on data that is available for free and publicly available. So we also work a lot with NGOs as the World Bank so people that want to have an idea of disaster risk for for specific countries, and her word. So, when we try to model impacts of natural catastrophes than as nearly with any modeling, you basically need to perform two tasks. The first one, more or less being able to explain what happened in the past. And the second one, what could happen. So what is the risk what is in the system. So the concept of of how we go about this of how we model climate risk is that we see that risk hinges on these three components and that's a definition put forward by the IPCC so the governmental intergovernmental panel on climate change. These have these three components hazard exposure and vulnerability. The hazard is basically anything nature frozen user that in our case that's wildfires but that can also be storm flood etc etc. And exposure is the variable that you want to look at so that can be infrastructure houses can be people. So the ability is basically then how your exposure react to a hazard. So if you have a house that is very well isolated that doesn't burn that easy has a lower vulnerability as compared to a stable filled with hate. And as I said, we work with open data and globally consistently. Here, just to illustrate that we have that data available for the whole world, but I'll focus on impacts of the wildfire last that occurred last year in Australia to have a bit of a better grasp on example. And so what we did for the hazard is, we use the satellite data on fire which is made available, NASA, NASA mission, it's called modest mission. We use their data that we know at what time and where a fire of what intensity occurred. And then we overlap that with our exposure layer or exposure layer here is generated using light and night light intensity. So that the buildings glow in the night so we have a rough idea where what infrastructure is. We overlap these two to grids or these two maps and can calculate using some vulnerability aspects, economic impacts, especially the spatially aggregated. That's very important to do that obviously spatially explicit. Sometimes, you probably don't see it on the slide, there's a relatively small dot in Melbourne, which caused a lot of damages because there's a lot of infrastructure, while these mega fires here didn't cause as much economic damages, because they're simply not as much infrastructure as close to a city in the wildfire in urban, yeah, interface. Obviously, that's other impacts that occurred there, biological carbon impacts, but we don't look at these now so it's, I wouldn't want to say these fires are not important is just for that case. So that's how we look at past impacts, and if you want to look at what could happen, then we have this way of generating or simulating fires. So we do that relatively easy that we can do it everywhere in the globe that we don't depend on too much data. And so it's basically we have this random random walk algorithm where we started the random point, and then we let that fire grow, depending on some properties that we can give to the map. And so we simulate a couple thousand, 10,000 fires like that. And then we sample from those to what we call simulated fire season so we try to generate fire season and it's actually coincidence that it's Portugal but probably nice. So on the left you see historic fire season so what happened in the past, and then we have roughly 20 years of satellite data, and obviously that is not enough to have a proper impact assessment. So we try to generate the couple hundred thousand of these fire seasons to see what what what is in there. So I would very much give you a number of the actual climate change risk. But this is very hard to come up but the current time or would not dare yet, because there's so many driving factors, and because if we only look at past data, we are going to underestimate quite heavily as we see there's such a strong trend in wildfire risk. So that's probably a bit part of the story that we see here generally going on, that it's already hard to simulate damages from from natural hazards. It's already hard with with the climate crisis with this extreme shift. It's gotten increasingly increasingly harder to figure out what risk we're actually are in. So that that is definitely something to be very concerned about that we are, if you're looking at natural catastrophes that we're, we need to, yeah, that we're going into rough uncertainties. Yeah, I think that's from my side I'm happy to take on a question later here are some come contact details, and yeah, happy to discuss it. Sorry for being a bit long. I'd be happy to open up to questions. Right now, Dr. Dylan is in the room, virtual room here. So, we could ask questions at least through the chat of him, as well as Dr. operation and Samuel Lucy, people are debating what they'd like to ask. I actually had a question about the first presentation. And so I wanted to actually ask you, you mentioned that it's, there's a scientific process. Dr operation and you mentioned that there's also a political process and presumably there's also a budgetary process as well that goes into those fire breaks. So I'm curious, have you had personal experience, you know, interacting between all those realms. And what do you also think that scientists can do it and advocate so that the best possible science is used when those decisions are made. I have a question. I, we haven't made a formal contact with the decision makers in the machine region. What we did.  This is a new work in this confusing times it's hard to to sit down with decision makers. What we did was to establish a connection with the civil protection. So firefighters, we show them our results in a different study area. And they, they were very happy with these results actually because it goes. It's more or less aligned with their knowledge on the on the on the field. It's more or less aligned on what are their concerns. So, so basically the decision makers will now be pressured in different fronts so on one side. It's basically academia saying we need to do this or that. And we know that then we know we have people that know to terrain the land and are also demanding some changes. So, there's obviously room and needs for for for something to change in Portugal, the large majority of investment goes to fire suppression. Since 2000 year 2000, we, we apply three times as three times much money into suppression then then into into prevention into prevention. Of course it's costly, but we don't need to implement the entire fuel break in one week one in in in one week one year. So we have room to more or less implement bits by bits. Okay, so we don't need to have a big expense, expensive fuel break from zero from year zero to your year one. It can be bit by bit. Yeah, absolutely. And presumably it'll have to be, you know, proceed bit by bit, but yeah, changing the way that budgets are allocated I think is a big part of the issue. So there's no questions currently in the chat but I did actually have one for you.  I was wondering what the main application is this more for like insurance companies trying to figure out, you know, how to how to work it in terms of you know their rates or is this more in terms of fire suppression or, you know, trying to fight fires. I think at this stage that this granularity as we're doing it, it's rather work that it's rather on the focus for people that look at the portfolio. So like an insurance companies or as I mentioned us, for example investors that need to take climate risks into their consideration but also generally for I think governmental authorities or countries that should have a rough idea of costs of natural I think for for adaptation. You need a much more local knowledge than what we produce I mean we're in this trade off with trying to do something that works all around the globe so having global consistency and probably that helps identifying hotspots obviously you're going to go towards direction of adaptation and obviously the work as Bruno is doing it this is much more relevant that you need to have local stakeholders you need to act with people on the ground that actually know in very much detail. How does the landscape look like. So we're a bit in this trade off. And I think in that that format is now it's rather for people that that want to have a global consistent picture of something. What sure strikes me about all of this research is that it happens on very different geographic scales, and it happens in very different timescales to so Dirk was talking about, you know there's a two or three months kind of advanced warning, you know in terms of sea surface temperatures before they see the drought in the patent all and it seems like that that's maybe one of the issues is that you know the firefighters are working on a different time frame than policymakers who are different, you know, and then the scientists are kind of spread across the spectrum and is that would you say that are there any biggest challenges and advancing, you know wildfire research or is it simply that the climate is changing so quickly. What do you think. Well, I think one of the relief the key challenges is that the background climate is changing really really rapidly. And I think that there's this very strong.  It's not only the climate but also if it's people that have a barbecue in the forest, or as we had it in the US this year, last year that do a gender reveal party in the forest that's gone bad. So you have a big big social impact as well. And I think regarding the timescale. It's definitely very, very helpful. If you have a prevention in place, as Bruno suggest, be that you have a seasonal forecast so if you know that there's information conditions that are in the climate system that you probably do a bit of more information at the before the fire season. And then obviously with the work that we are doing that you basically just have an idea of what's going on. It's already a hard enough question. Can I just add on the answer of Samo needs to focus on things that we can change climate change is it's happening and it's going to happen and it's getting worse and worse. And the emissions are continuing so so we are most likely going to have a severe consequences in our climate. What we can change is our habits so we missions and our landscape. So we need to have this local knowledge like Samo was suggesting, but also at the same time we need to have this general picture of what's what is happening in the entire globe. So we need both both approaches of really a large scales, but also in the local scale so both, both approaches are quite interesting and they are answering to different questions, but together they basically build up the knowledge that we can provide. Yeah, absolutely. And I think. Well, thank you so much. So I'm pleased to be able to now introduce Dr. Benedetto de Rosa, who's a researcher at the National Research Council, the Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis in Italy. Dr. Rosa, if you're ready, please go ahead and screen share and we'd love to hear your presentation. Okay, thank you. Perfect. Thank you. Okay. Okay. Thank you. Excuse me. And my name is Benedetto de Rosa. Good afternoon, everybody. And today I'm talking about the determination of California Forest Fire Arosol properties observed in potenza by the multi-weathering Raman Lidar Musa. Let's start the first part of my presentation deals with biomass burning aerosols. The biomass burning aerosols are one of the key aerosol types in climate research. But what are atmospheric aerosols? It is a suspension of solid or liquid particles in the atmosphere. A result and clouds interaction are the larger sorts of uncertainty in our understanding of climate system, as we can see from the panel to the right. But why this uncertainty? Clouds and aerosol property vary at scale smaller than those resolved in climate models. The biomass burning aerosols affect the energy balance in the atmosphere. The effect is the effect is direct with the scatter and absorption of solar radiation and indirect with the interact with clouds. Also biomass burning aerosol can change the properties of the clouds in the atmosphere. Small and spherical smoke particles have a high efficiency in the scattering. The smoke particles can be lifted a high altitude with the deep convention. In the free troposphere, the pressure is lower. So the flu expanded and the smoke can travel for great distances. During the transport, the particles are modified with a lot of physical processes such as a gross copic water uptake and the coagulation. So, coming back to the main point on 23 October, the immense sonoma fire scorched the 3000 hectares in few days. We know that the forest fire smoke was transported over great distances and reached the south of Italy. As we can see from the forecast of biomass burning aerosol provided by CAMHS at the analysis of the back trajectories. So LiDAR measurement in potenza revealed the presence of aerosol that arrived from California at about 10,000 km. And this is a very interesting result. But what is LiDAR? LiDAR is a class of instruments that uses LiDAR to study atmospheric properties from the ground of the top of the atmosphere. LiDAR can characterize aerosol, gas, clouds and also temperature. This presentation reports measurement carried out in the frame of the project Actrice aerosol profile pilot provision to CAMHS in near real time. Actrice is the aerosol clouds and truss gas research infrastructure and is based on Airlinet. Airlinet is the European aerosol research LiDAR network. The LiDAR Musa in potenza is one of two reference systems in Actrice for aerosol profiling. So we can see the case of study of 26 October. In this case the LiDAR measurements showed the presence of two distinct aerosol layers associated with the fires in California. Okay, now we can see the optical properties retrieved by the LiDAR system. Because these properties are very important because they are associated with important information about the typing of the aerosols. In particular, we can see that given information about the concentration, the composition, the size and the shapes of the particles in the atmosphere. So we can see that from three to five kilometers, values of optical properties could be indicative for a mixture of biomass burning and marine aerosols. Instead between eight to 10 kilometer edge biomass burning the aerosols are predominant with moderately small and spherical smoke particles is important to remember that small and spherical particles have a night scattering efficiency. It's important also said that the ability of LiDAR Musa to probe very thin layers of aerosol with an atmospheric optical depth of 1.6% of the total. The characterization of this optospheric optical depth is associated with the attenuation of solar radiation. The characterization of these layers in tropopause is important to do their effect in the climate change. In conclusion, we can say that this presentation have demonstrated how the biomass burning aerosol can travel across transcontinental distances and potentially influencing the climate on the planet. Fires will increase in the coming years due to global warming. So high resolution measurement of biomass burning aerosol will be increasingly important. In particular, accurate measurement will be needed in tropopause where aerosol have a long residence times and can travel for great distances. In the future, the assimilation of LiDAR data from network like actress and satellite are very important to improve the model skills. Thank you for your attention. Thank you so much. There's a question for Samuel Luthi and this is from David Renka and he's asking, do you have a reference point on how much the economy has already impacted by wildfire? How severe was the increase over the last few years? Yeah, that's a very good question because it's actually impact data is a very rare thing in this world, so it's hard to get those, especially in a global consistent manner because reporting standards are quite a bit different across the whole world and you will be heavily biased towards richer countries that actually have such a thing as reporting standards. I think during the last presentation I opened an Excel and made a quick calculation. So I think I'll just refrain, we work with AM.data which is an impact database which is maintained in Belgium. It's one of the few open source impact databases. So I just looked at the US damages and in the period from the 2000s, so from 2000 to 2009. And they report 11.5 billion US dollars as wildfire damages. And when we look at the period, so from 2010 to 2019. So the next decade, this number is up to 74.6, so it's roughly four-folded. This is of course a very rough estimates as many smaller events don't get reported in these disaster data sets, but I think to have a bit of an answer on it, it's certainly not globally concise, but maybe with a bit of a US focus we can say something. And it's also important to remember that it's not only the fires, it's also that for example in the US that people are building nice houses into forests, which then cause much more, much more damages. So it's not only the climate impact, but it's also the societal or the exposure change in our framework, which is important. I hope that helps. In Colorado, and we had probably six to eight weeks this past summer, where it was just awful air quality, because of, you know, the fires that were burning. And sometimes it was locally, you know, within the state and sometimes it was California or the Pacific Northwest, so it's certainly becoming a health issue as well. Okay, for Dr. de Rosa, what are the wavelengths used in this study. Okay, in this, in this study, we use a free woman and 355 is the first woman. The second is five hungry in the 32 and the first is 1,064 is the typical Wolverine that we use in the in the LiDAR system for the retrieval of the atmospheric composition of the aerosols. I was also wondering, Dr. de Rosa, when you were talking about, you know, in terms of the tropospheric transport of these particles. Is there a feedback in terms of weather. I mean, I think geoscientists are generally used to volcanic eruptions, for example, affecting whether you know that you're with others. I mean, in reality, the biomass building aerosols are very similar to volcanic erection, because when the particles arrive to the top of the troposphere. The industry in the in the trap of ours is is a typically that particles can travel for longer distances and arrive and can arrive in different states and different countries and in this case, we, we have 10,000 kilometers in the trajectories. Yeah, to me it's just amazing that the smoke can travel and be trapped, you know, for 10,000 kilometers. In reality, also the volcano eruption can arrive during the eruption in the stratosphere and dangerous impact in the climate change. Are there any additional questions? I want to thank all of our speakers today, including Dr. feel and even though he wasn't able to join us for the for the Q&A, and please if any journalists would like any of the resources that were mentioned here email addresses, or Dr. Feelin's presentation, please just email me media at egu.eu. And there's thank yous in the chat to all the speakers as well. And then I just wanted to mention that there'll be one last press conference of this meeting. And that will start today at 5pm in unique time Paris time 1700 and that is learning from the past catastrophes climate and cultural change very much and for your attention and for your presentation.


Hello everyone, my name is Maddie and today I'm going to teach you how to create your very own fake green screen using nothing but a webcam So the first step is that you get OBS studio something that it's a very popular to use to stream games Intergrates well with Twitch and it's pretty easy to use second part of the equation is zoom Zoom is a virtual conferencing software that everyone's using to work from home right now And it's got this very cool new feature. So if you have a good enough computer, which means it usually depends on the processor You can add a virtual background. So here's my room, but if I add a virtual background Look, you can't actually see my room. You can just see me So I thought hey, maybe we can use this to do something very cool. So The first thing we're going to do Is that like what is a green screen? Well, it's just a green background So the idea is we want to create a fake green background. So what do we do? Well, we open a paint and We pick the color That's called chroma green chroma green is a color of green screens, right? So this is a color you can see here that the values are 0 177 64 and We select the color and Then we simply fill with Chroma green, okay, then we do save as desktop chroma green same Yes, okay, then we go into zoom again. So this isn't setting. So how do you get here? Well, you go to your zoom you go to settings and then it opens this window and you go to virtual background so in virtual background you can add click the plus button and Add image, okay, and then we add chroma green as a background Ta-da now I have a green background just like you would in a green screen, right? Okay, so then we open will be a studio So here I have a capture of a Call of Duty game going on right so What do we do with that? Okay now we want to capture the zoom image, right? so we do plus here we say Game capture even though it's not exactly a game. We do game capture for it doesn't really matter mode Capture specific window window it should be the settings window of zoom So you have to be careful you can't actually close the setting window Okay, and then we just say okay on this Look now. I have me inside the game and we can just move the settings window away But you can't close it, but just move it to a different desktop or move to the bottom or However, you want to do so here we have me Overlating the game right, but I've still got this green thing around me, right? So what do we do we this is game capture for? So we right-click it and go to filters Okay for effects. So first we're gonna crop out that rotate 90 symbol That's just something that zoom adds all the time, but we don't want that right so we do crop pad open crop pad and Crop crop crop and I've actually figured out that it's about 80 or maybe 75 yeah, you can see that bit there There 82 now you can't see the simple anymore That's the crop filter then we go here at plus and do chroma key Okay, select the chroma key and look the default settings. It's set to green by default You can see that it becomes transparent all the green in the picture becomes transparent So let me close this and look now. I've got this cool effect where You know, I'm you know, you can't see my room and it's just like it's just like him in the in the green And you save yourself $200 on buying a green screen So yeah, that's it. Thanks for watching and I'll include links to zoom and OBS In the description. Thank you very much for watching and good luck


7 Amazing Winter and Christmas ESL Activities Your Students Will Love When the aroma of gingerbread and eggnog is in the air, you know it's time to translate your love for the most beautiful season of the year into your TEFL classroom with winter ESL activities. While this is the perfect time to embrace winter and TEFL destinations with changing seasons, it's also ideal to educate your students living in places with tropical temperatures and other cultures about the holiday celebrations. Here are 7 Amazing Winter and Christmas ESL Activities Your Students Will Love 1. What makes the perfect winter day? Tell your students to imagine the following, you wake up in your bed and look out the window, when you see a brightly decorated Christmas tree. It's cold and even looks like snow is slowly falling from the sky. The perfect winter day. What do you want to do today? What are you going to eat for breakfast lunch and dinner?  Show a couple of photos to really visualize the scene and get some ideas flowing. Then give your students some time to write their story.  2. Write an article for a local newspaper. While look. It's all white outside and everything is covered in snow. What is happening? Write a news article or announcement for the local newspaper to break the news of this event. Are you ready for winter? Did you purchase all your Christmas gifts? Do you have a warm coat? Imagine how this is going to affect your neighborhood. This is a fun activity to report a real-life emergency. It's especially fun to play in a tuffle destination where winter normally doesn't happen and the students have never experienced snow. It's also helpful to show some more visuals to get the students thinking. 3. Make paper snowflakes. This is great to bring a little creativity into your ESL lesson and your students are going to love it. Prepare by having several sheets of paper and scissors for all the students. You can use shimmery silver or golden paper, and colors like icy blue gray and white to really get into the winter spirit. Show your students how to cut the paper to create a snowflake using the folding and cutting technique, and then have them create a couple of unique snowflakes by themselves. Once you're done, you can decorate the classroom with the little pieces of art or let the students take them home. 4. Read something about winter. While this might sound very generic, it's a clever activity to use for any group of students of any skill level. You can either use short texts for individual lessons, or even choose a winter or holiday-inspired book to read throughout the entire season if you have the time. A quick Google search gives you an array of options to choose from. 5. Play a game of taboo. This all-time favorite game is a great way to introduce winter vibes into your classroom. Simply write your target vocabulary such as candy cane, blizzard, stocking, sled and reindeer. Onto various pieces of paper and put them into a big hat. Each student at a time draws a piece of paper, and has to describe the vocab word to the class without saying the actual word. To make things more competitive, you can split up the class into teams and count points for correct answers. 6. Holiday extravaganza. Surely your Tefal destination also has a lot of exciting winter holidays. Hanukkah, Three Kings Day, Winter solstice, St. Lucia Day, St. Nicholas Day, St. Martin's Day, Kwanzaa, New Year's Day, there's so many to celebrate. Why not create a lesson around all of these interesting holidays and festivals, and those celebrated where you're teaching abroad. You can compare them and also share your own culture's holidays with your students. 7. If everything else fails, these worksheets do the trick. If you need something for a quick time fill exercise, or to calm students down after an exciting game, worksheets usually do the trick. Search the net for winter and holiday related worksheets, and you'll be offered a limitless selection. From matching gourds and coloring sheets to crosswords and fill in the gaps, your students are going to love your season themed worksheets. Are you ready to teach English abroad? Winter is the perfect time to tap into the energy and excitement of this beautiful season, and you should bring it into the classroom. With these seven great winter and Christmas ESL activities, you will create an amazing time with your students. Thanks so much for watching. We are ITTT, the leading provider for Tefal and TESOL training courses. If you like this video, please subscribe by clicking that button down here, and click on any of the videos here on the left for more interesting teaching tips for getting certified to teach English abroad and online.


What is up you guys, welcome back to another one. If you are new to the channel, I am Gold Pony. I do new Clark Chuck SUV reviews on YouTube, and today we are in the new 2020 Mercedes-Benz CLA, courtesy of Mercedes-Benz of Hagerstown in Hagerstown, Maryland. For more information on their inventory, please feel free to check out the link in the description box below. And so having recently reviewed the A-Class by Mercedes-Benz, this essentially is the next step up from that, so I did wanna check this one out, of course, very good looking vehicle, plenty of changes for 2020. This essentially is a four-door coupe, reason being there's actually frameless doors. I'll show you guys that a little later in the video, but before I get ahead of myself, what do you say? Let's just go ahead and jump right into it, and as always, let's start with pricing. It's a pricing for the CLA 250. We'll start at $36,650. For the Formatic or the all-wheel drive version, that starts at $38,650. Regardless, Power Plant is going to be the same though. Powering this beast is going to be a two-liter turbocharged inline-four cylinder, putting out 221 horsepower at 5,800 RPM, 258 pound-feet of torque, available from the PowerBand of 1,800 to 4,000 RPM. Power, again, sent to front wheels or all wheels through a seven-speed dual clutch with paddle shifters, which you guys know we will be testing out in a little bit here. Nonetheless, zero to 60 time comes in at approximately 6.3 seconds. MPG numbers, 23 city, 33 highway, taking premium, unleaded fuel. And there is that auto-start-stop system, of course, meaning when you're stopped at a red light or a stop sign, engine will shut off. There's a button just below the engine start button to turn that feature off if that started to annoy you. But it is there as a fuel-saving measure. So that, I suppose, is a good thing as well. But before we do any kind of paddle shifter test or anything like that, don't want to mention there are some drive modes. That drive mode button labeled Dynamic Select is located just to the left of the touchpad controller. That will include eco, comfort, and sport, adjusting things like the throttle response, shift points, steering sensitivity, and the eco-start-stop system. But so, having said that, I think it is now time. Let's do a quick little paddle shifter test here to start. Just want to see how quickly they react for us. So let me find a straightaway and let's give that a shot. All right, you guys, here we go. Dang, oh my goodness. This thing has got get up and go. Paddle shifters are instantaneous. Absolutely love it.  Definitely going to have some fun in the back roads in this thing. If you were to use the paddle shifters, they're also, of course, there for engine braking when it starts the snow out. But dang, those things react quick. So wow, absolutely no issues with reaction times when it comes to those paddle shifters. That was actually more than I expected. So well done, Mercedes-Benz, for that. But now, having done that, I think it's time. Let's go ahead and find a straightaway. Let's do a quick little acceleration test. What do you know, we found a straightaway here in five, good braking, four, three, two, one, go. Oh my goodness. Yeah, sometimes with turbocharged engines, you guys, there's turbo lag. There is no turbo lag here. That is wonderful. Absolutely love that instant acceleration, instant power to the ground, no slippage because we've got the 4Matic all-wheel drive system. That was brilliant. Absolutely no issues with merging onto the highway. Plenty of acceleration. I know a lot of people are gonna be wondering, it's the 250, is that gonna be enough power? Yes, I can tell you it is enough power, certainly. Definitely for merging onto the highway and even for having some fun as well. That was plenty of power for the CLI. So once again, well done, Mercedes-Benz. But as always, to go along with that acceleration, braking is equally important.  In the back, 11.6 inch rear disc, perforated front disc with painted cowpers. If you were to go with one of the AMG line packages, so that's always a plus. As far as the braking feel goes, like I mentioned earlier, braking feel is perfectly fine. Certainly no issues bringing the CLI to a stop here.  And according to Mercedes-Benz, the CLI has been tuned for excellent balance of comfort and sportiness. And I will say it is a pretty comfortable ride so far, so we'll test it out, but lowered comfort suspension comes with the AMG line packages. So it is gonna be lowered slightly for better air dynamics, also better looks of course, but I like how they throw in their comfort suspension as well, because a lot of times when you lower a car, it kind of sacrifices ride quality. So that's a plus that they kind of went for the best of both worlds there. Direct steer system again, coming with the AMG line packages that adjust the steering ratio, provides a quicker steering with lighter effort. And I will say though, even though we don't have one of the AMG line packages, as far as that steering ratio goes, I pulled into a gas station to do a little turnaround back there. One of the best turning radiuses I've experienced in quite a long time. I feel like this thing turns on a dime when you're at slow speed, so insane, insane turning radius on this thing. So if you have to move around in tight spaces in the CLI, this car is made for you because it really is quite impressive out of the 500 plus cars I've reviewed. This is one of the best when it comes to the turning radius, I will say that. Diven also mentioned though, there is an adaptive damping suspension available for $850. That's usually an option I've recommended people just because it monitors each shock absorber individually. Not only giving you a smoother ride, but it also tightens up the suspension during heavy cornering. Again, giving you the best of both worlds. So for only $850, that really isn't a bad option there, if you ask me. But so overall, when it comes to the ride quality, like I was saying earlier, it's perfectly fine. It's as expected for the CLI 250. Steering feel is definitely nice. I will say that. It's gonna be better with the AMG line packages, but it's not that bad. It does have a nice weight to it. No dead spots in the steering or anything like that. Instantly points you in the direction that you wanna go. So I certainly am satisfied with the CLI 250 steering feel. When it comes to cabin noise, that's just fine as well. Again, I'm getting a little bit of climate control noise, but that's really about it. So little bit of engine noise too, which I do like. I'm always a fan of the engine noise, especially when you really get into it. But overall, everything is fine there as well. Touching of visibility. Although it is a sloped roofline, I can still see plenty fine out the backs. There's certainly no issues there. For me, visibility is just fine. Rain-sensing windshield wipers do come standard as well, wanted to mention that. Meaning when the CLI starts to detect any kind of mist or rainfall, it will automatically turn on those windshield wipers. One less thing you gotta worry about there. And a head-up display is gonna be available for $1,100 if you wanted to go that route projecting your speed. And the speed limit, for that matter, onto your windshield. So a little better visibility when it comes to that too. But that about rounds out the performance segment of this review. Let's now go ahead and take a look at the exterior of this brand new 2020 Mercedes-Benz CLA 250. All right, here she is, you guys. The 2020 Mercedes-Benz CLA 250 finished in Iridium Silver Metallic, in case anybody was curious there. Let's go ahead and start up front on this one. Gloss black front grille is the standard configuration on the 250. Diamond block front grille with a chrome finish is going to come with the AMG line packages. There is an illuminated star available for $450 if you wanted to go that route as well. Also with those AMG line packages, you will get a unique front bumper. LED headlights with LED daytime running lights come to the sides. That is the standard configuration. They of course will come with the automatic feature as well, meaning when it starts to get dark at night, they will turn on automatically for you there. There is an exterior lighting package. I wanted to mention that. That goes for $900. That gives you adaptive LED lighting and adaptive high beam assist. Adaptive LED lighting, meaning when you're going around to bend at night, those headlights will swivel based on your steering angle, better help illuminating what is around that bend. So you're less likely to hit a deer or some other kind of animal basically. But headlight design also changed for the 2020 model year to more of a sleeker look in my opinion. So I did want to mention that. That is one of the changes for the 2020 CLA 250. But now let's go ahead and make our way to the side. First thing I wanted to mention, chrome window surrounds coming standard on the CLA 250. Body colored power adjustable side mirrors. They will be heated with integrated turd signals actually as well. And again, you are looking at a four door coupe silhouette meaning if I were to open one of these rear doors or even the front doors for that matter, it will be a frameless design. So just like a coupe would be essentially. So that is pretty cool. I like that. Taking a look down at the wheel setup, 18 inch multi spoke alloys will be the standard configuration. AMG line packages will give you 18 inch double five spoke design and there are some 19 inch wheel designs available as well. Also the side skirts are going to change ever so slightly if you were to go with one of those AMG line packages as well. So I did want to mention that. But so now since we are around back, typically I'll mention a shark fin antenna, but surprisingly the CLA does not have one. I don't know. It's kind of a sleeker design. So I don't mind it. But anyways, let's go ahead and take a look at the back here. Rear spoilers optional for $350. We of course don't have it here today, but you can get one if you wanted it. LED tail lights is the standard setup. They definitely look good in the back there. Just below it all dual exhaust outlets with chrome tips. So I do believe you guys know what we have to do next back here, as always here is that exhaust clip. It's up now since we are around back. When it comes to opening that rear trunk, there actually is a button on the key fob. That is one way you can go about doing it. But the way I would go about doing it, cause this is really cool. It's kind of like what Volkswagen does essentially if you just press in within the Mercedes-Benz Lego. It's like secret agent style. You just press in there. Nobody knows that that's the way you open the trunk. And that actually opens it up for you. So that's pretty darn cool. That's the way I would do it. But once opened up cargo capacity comes in at 11.6 cubic feet. If that was not enough space, there is a 40, 20, 40 split, meaning the rear seats do fold down for quite a bit of extra space there if you needed it. There are also tie down anchors found in that cargo area. There's some netted side pockets. And there's a 12 volt power outlet back there if you needed it. And make our way up to the rear legroom. That comes in at 33.9 inches. For reference, I mean even six feet tall. This is how much space I have back there. Rear ventilation also comes standard back there. There is a rear center armrest with cup holders. You have a couple phone charging ports with a little bit of storage space.  But nonetheless, make your way to the front seats. Eight-way power adjustable front seats with four-way power lumbar. You do actually have memory settings for up to three different drivers. That comes standard. That's pretty cool. Adjustable cushion length in the front of the seats. That's also pretty cool. You don't always see that on sedans. Integrated headrest into the front seats. So it's essentially a one-piece design. It's not separate. So it's kind of a more of a race car-style seat. So I do like that as well. Heated front seats add $580. If you wanted to go that route, you can get heated and ventilated front seats for $1,030. They are available there as well. And the seats are plenty comfortable. That was one of the first things I noticed. Very, very comfortable seats in the CLI 250. But then take a look at the steering wheel. It is tilt and telescoping. It is leather-wrapped. It is a flat bottom if you go with one of the AMG line packages. But since we don't have that today, we have your standard circular steering wheel, of course. Heated steering wheel goes for $250. That is an available option if you wanted to go that route as well. Now let's take a look at the startup. Let me start by showing you guys the key here. All of your buttons are located on one side of the key. You do have lock, unlock, that button to pop the rear hatch. However, it is all keyless entry. So simply just leave the key in your pocket, walk up to the CLI. There is a push button start located just to the left of the three climate control vents. So all I'm going to do, simply put my foot on the brake and press that engine start button there. It's about once started up. As far as the gauge cluster goes, a seven-inch digital gauge cluster is the standard setup. However, there is a premium package that is available for $1,650. We do have that package today. Therefore, that is going to add along with other things, of course, a 10 1⁄4-inch digital gauge cluster. And that is going to be mirrored with the tech display as well. We'll get into that in a second. But touching on the gauge cluster with that 10 1⁄4-inch design. Love that, by the way. Definitely an option I would recommend if you're going this route, but it is completely customizable. Of course, you can check out your outside temperature, how many miles you have left until you hit empty. You can make a larger digital gauge setup in the middle if you wanted that. But my favorite part about really all Mercedes-Benz gauge clusters when it comes to the bigger design, there is an option titled Designs and Display. And so when you hit that, you have the option between Classic, Sport, Progressive and Understated. So Understated is going to be your minimalist design. Progressive is what I've left it on this drive because that's my favorite setup. Then there's Sport and there's Classic, of course, if you like that classic style design. But it really allows you to customize the gauges to make it your own. And that's why I love it. So absolutely love that in case I didn't mention to you that I did already. Anyways, let's go ahead and touch on overall interior quality. First thing I noticed, Panorama Roof coming standard on the CLA250. That is a very large moonroof going all the way into the back seats. Love that. Dual-zone climate control also coming standard. Universal garage door opener goes for $280. You can find up to three different garage doors located just underneath the rear of your mirror. We do have that today. Wireless phone charger we also have that is located just in front of the cup holders. That's always nice. 64 color ambient lighting is an option for $310. I would recommend, again, we have that one today, completely changes the mood of the car, especially at night. And I will say Mercedes-Benz has the very best ambient lighting displays that I've experienced in my last 500 cars I've reviewed. Still to this day, Mercedes-Benz does ambient lighting the best, in my opinion. One of the best parts about the ambient lighting though is the ambient lighting around the circular air vents in the middle there. You never see that on any other manufacturer, but you do on Mercedes-Benz and I love that. But overall, perfectly fine design. You have some contrast stitching up on the dash up here. I like the silver design as well, incorporated with the ambient lighting. It definitely looks good. Very nice look to it. You have a phone charger, 12-volt power outlet, of course your cup holders. And within the center armrest, there's a decent amount of storage, as well as two phone charging ports in there as well. And if you look up on the roof, you do have an overhead sunglass holder there too. So when it comes to interior quality, Mercedes-Benz definitely always gets it right. But now, let's go ahead now and take a look at the tech display on this one. And so like I was mentioning to you guys, you can get either a seven-inch display that comes standard or the 10 and a quarter inch with the premium package. That of course is what you're looking at right now. To control that, again, it is a touchscreen display, but you can also control it using the touchpad controller and buttons located just behind the cup holders. And there's always Mercedes-Benz voice control. You say, hi Mercedes, and then you can basically tell it whatever you wanted to do. But nonetheless, Bluetooth audio streaming coming standard Android Auto Apple CarPlay, factory navigation system is available with the multimedia package. It gets for $1,150. Again, you could check out your ambient lighting colors up there, and again, 64 different colors. That is a lot, and that is really the benchmark for all other manufacturers out there as well. Check out your climate control settings up there, radio information as well. And by the way, when it comes to the sound system, eight speakers is the standard setup, but there is an optional sound system. That is the 12-speaker Bermester sound system that goes for $850. It comes with 590 watts, nine-channel digital amplifier. That's not the one we have today though. We do have the eight-speaker standard sound system. So what do you guys say? Let's go ahead and turn on the radio, see what we got playing today, and let's test out the clarity of this one. So hot, so hot, so hot, so hot, so hot, so hot. Quite honestly, I would be perfectly fine with that sound system. Yeah, it's not the upgraded one, but plenty of bass, plenty of clarity. Really, that is just fine for me. So no issues with that standard sound system on the CLA there. But so then last thing on the tech display I wanted to mention to you guys is when you do put the CLA in reverse, you will find a rear view camera with dynamic grid lines. Couple different views come standard, and the camera actually comes out of the Mercedes-Benz logo. It tilts out. So if you hear a sound when you put it in reverse, that is what that is. A lot of manufacturers do it that way, but did want to mention parking assistance package goes for $1,090. That is what's gonna give you the surround view monitor if you wanted to go that route. But as always, that is going to lead us into safety. Let's say to start, front side, side curtain airbags come standard, driver and passenger knee airbags as well. In the back, you're gonna have latch, AKA lower anchors and tethers for children for the rear car seats. Tire pressure monitoring system also comes standard. There is a driver assistance package that goes for $2,250. That is going to give you essentially everything, including adaptive cruise control, active steering assist, evasive steering assist, brake assist, automatic emergency braking, speed limit recognition, blind spot monitor with rear cross traffic alert, lane keep assist, lane change assist, pre-safe plus pre-safe sound and root-based speed adaptation. So that is essentially the safety package that is all inclusive. So that is the one you're gonna want to go with for that. But in the end, when it comes to my final thoughts, I will say plenty of acceleration, very much so surprised me when it comes to the acceleration, especially with this being the 250. So well done Mercedes-Benz for that. Love the ambient lighting on this one. Love all the tech as well. These gauges are absolutely amazing. I love that you can configure that. One of the constructive criticisms, perhaps I would say, is have more of those safety features that I mentioned in that last package actually come standard on the CLA. Like blind spot monitor, I think that is one thing that should come standard at this price point. But still, if you're buying a Mercedes-Benz, I guess who really cares about a couple bucks, a couple thousand bucks really. But anyway, it's very nice interior quality as well. Overall, I'm very impressed with this one. Plenty of power again. So definitely one to consider. So that is about it for this one though, you guys. Thank you so much for watching. Feel free to follow me on social media, the bottom of the screen there. If you like, be sure to hit the subscribe and the bell notification button. If you're into new car reviews, that is what we do here on this channel after all. Sorry about this awkward angle. I usually put the camera over here, but there's a sticker on the window, so I can't but. Anyways, do appreciate you guys watching more than you know and I will see you guys all in the next video. Siggle.


Hello, folks, I'm Vijoy and welcome to KubeCon. And I'm here to ask Marvin about where my secure APIs are. It's also an ask for the community to step up our application security game. But before we begin, we have to ask, so who is Marvin? If you haven't read the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, go and get a copy now. Marvin is a robot with a brain the size of a planet. By his own account, he's at least 50,000 times smarter than a human. But he's being made to park cars, pickpapers, check airlocks, not really job satisfaction worthy. Since he is built with genuine people personality or GPP tech, he also has human emotions. So he gets depressed with all of this mindless work. But most importantly, he is a paranoid android. And all of these properties make him very suited for the state of affairs around API security as you shall find out. But first, a little bit of historical context around the transformation to cloud native. As we all know, app architectures are changing from monolithic, bare metal, or VMs to composable or cloud native. Therefore, infrastructure is changing from monolithic to composable as well. And so are the operational paradigms and organizational structures. Over the last three cube counts, we have discussed how the network needed to evolve to handle this transformation to cloud native through the network service mesh project. And today, we're looking at this cloud native developer as she is building her new app, moving fast, utilizing the trove of APIs from public cloud providers, SaaS providers, and other services. She is faced with the dependency graph complexity of a modern globally distributed microservice-based app. Security in such an architecture is a modern brain-size problem. By the way, this is the microservice dependency graph of the Monzo banking app. And as she uses these globally distributed APIs, which are either homegrown or from external providers, the quality and security of these remote services is often unknown. The pivot on API reputation is not inherently part of the CI CD process, which might put your customer's data eventually at risk. This risk causes all kinds of unwanted behavior. Developers want convenience and velocity. Security, SRE, SecOps, and CISOs pound the table for reviews. And I'm still unsure whether the 2,000 APIs being used are safe or compliant. Platform and cloud engineers are always worried that insecure code has been pushed to prod. And all of these reviews and gates and meetings just add complexity and opacity to the simple job of developing and deploying fast. Seeing all of this, Marvin, the paranoid Android, with the weight of the world on his shoulders, steps in with this depressing quote. Wouldn't it be nice if there really was a Marvin with a planet-size brain who could be observing the entire application lifecycle from repo to runtime and identify the risks of using an API to all the teams concerned, report that risk to security, SRE, SecOps, and CISOs, and maybe even remediate that risk to customer data before it happens.  But do not underestimate Marvin. He could simultaneously plan the entire planet's military strategy and solve all of these major problems of the universe three times over. And in parallel, also compose a number of lullabies. If you could do all of that, he could surely solve for the application and API security problem. So what would the app lifecycle look like if we had this Marvin? The developer would pick Marvin curated APIs and move fast, fast, fast. Marvin would notify security teams of possible issues and mediations continuously. And cloud platform teams could rest easy, knowing they can report compliance in a real-time manner. And how would we train this Marvin? What are its boundary conditions? What are its parameters? First and foremost, we have to realize that it's all about protecting your customer's data. The open internet is really the runtime for all modern cloud-native apps. Security attacks risk both clients, users, and other services, other applications. And the new perimeter of apps and security is really diffuse and almost narrows down to an API or data object. What would be some of the apps specific questions we could ask this Marvin? Is the correct in-house service, image, or artifact being used in creating a new app? Are we integrating with compliant third-party APIs? Are we tracking RPC calls to make sure we do not import nefarious data? And are we using MITRE and OWASP attack taxonomies to ensure safety for our apps? Some of the broader questions we have to ask ourselves as a community could be, if a distributed app does get broken into, do we have all the tooling to drive meantime to detect and debug down? Can we formally model and verify the correctness of the logic in our business apps, even across layers? Can we, the community, help spread the word on API misuse? If we aren't able to step up to the plate and answer these questions, I'm afraid Marvin has this to say to you. Thank you for listening. Please reach out to me. I would love to continue the conversation. Visit us at the Cisco booth, where we have demos on app security, app and infra observability, cloud-nated networking, and a lot more. And we are hiring. And we would love to have you on board. Thank you.


I watched this 10 minute video and I isolated the exact moments that are important to me. I have something new to show you, Freedom Family. It is clips. Follow along at www.clipps.tm and I'll show you exactly what this is. Clips is what YouTube is lacking to be able to define your exciting start and stop points while watching any video. Let me show you how this works. I created backwards sevens as a clip because I really like this exercise. I also clipped ab halos from ATHLEANX. This is very difficult guys. I watched this 10 minute video and I isolated the exact moments that are important to me. The different exercises that he does like bear hops and I recorded it. You now can see my moments as if they were their moments. The best of YouTube. This is the best of this exercise video but you can use this for any video. Right now just click sign in here. I'll show you how it works. I will sign out and then if you come to clips.tm right now you will see exactly this and then you can click sign in. Use any email address. Doesn't have to be your YouTube email. Anything you like. Once you've signed in then you can start personalizing everything. Creating your own moments from any video. Just paste any video here. Take one of your videos and paste it into this. Let me show you an example. If I go to my freedom channel and I take this video. Year in review. I'm just going to copy the URL, paste it in here and there's my video. Now I can start clipping. If I like this moment about music factory. I just click start. I call this my music factory moment. Music factory. And then I click stop when I reach the end of my moment and boom. There it is. My first music factory moment and if I click it. There it is from 3 minutes and 1 seconds to 3 minutes and 15 seconds. There's an end point. This is the main difference between YouTube clips or just YouTube links that have a start point is this ends. It doesn't go on to the end of the video and I'll talk about how it's better than YouTube clips itself later in this video. But I wanted to give you this introduction on how you can use this right away for your clipping. Now let's get into more details. These are like YouTube's chapters except you can define them not just the video creator and you can share it with your friends. Look, if I want to share the backwards 7's I copy the URL or go to Facebook then I paste it into my address, send it on Skype, send it on WhatsApp and it instantly plays the backwards 7's clip with a stop point. It will play to the end of my moment and then it will repeat. That's the difference if you just send a YouTube link with a start point no one knows where to stop it plays to the end of the video. And if you use the YouTube clips feature then how do you see what other people have clipped? You can't. It's only a personal clip that you share with your friends and family. Clips.tm is the crowd sourced version of YouTube clips where everybody right now can start clipping their favorite moments so they don't lose them and so they can share them and then the community can see what everyone has clipped. The best of YouTube. Guys, this is TikTok with YouTube. Two great tastes that taste great together like peanut butter and jelly because now you can create short form content from long form content using clips. You are taking long form videos, YouTube creating start and stop points 20, 30 seconds a minute short form content like TikTok and then everyone can see the community can see what everyone has clipped at clips.tm. I will hide myself completely here so you can see the interface. It looks and feels like YouTube that's by design. After you sign in you'll be able to favorite your moments. Let me sign in and show you. Once you're signed in you can go to my moments where it will show you exactly the moments that you have clipped not just the whole community and then if you go to your favorites it shows you the ones that you've favorited. So for example I've favorited the 11th richest clubs in the world. Let's take a look at that one. The 7th richest club in the world and the money bags that can afford to have Messi, Mbappe and Neymar in the same oil money, Plastic oil money, Plastic 7th richest club in the world and the money bags that can afford to have Messi, Mbappe and Neymar in the same team is Sheikh Tamim the Emir of Qatar. While our children trade World Cup stickers every four years and the 6th position will probably surprise you too. Manchester City owned by the Deputy Prime Minister of Abu Dhabi Sheikh Mansour with a revenue of around 540. I live in Dubai, Abu Dhabi is right next door and apparently the Sheikh the leader of Abu Dhabi owns the 6th richest football club soccer for you Americans in the world Manchester United. I didn't know that but now I do thanks to Clips. The whole point is you don't have to watch 10 minute long videos to get those exciting moments you can just get them here once people start using Clips to identify the best of YouTube. Save time, use clips and I'd love to hear what you think of this down there in the comments below we will be making improvements to this service over time but it works now it's ready for your use and your feedback and if you have any additional suggestions just email support at freedom.tm we'll be happy to implement awesome exciting features to make this useful for you because that's the goal. And you as a YouTuber telling your fans hey guys go and create your favorite moments from my videos so I know what to make. Fans who create clips of your videos will tell you what type of content you should make more of the stuff they're clipping so it'll help you grow faster as a creator and it's just a good service that's missing in the world today and I'm happy that we can bring it to you. Now let's build it into a massively big community of clips and ways to help you grow. Let's add great new features and take this to the next level. Alright Freedom Family, until the next episode who am I? I am George Venous the CEO and founder of Freedom and I'm wearing my Freedom Games shirt and Freedom Games is part of the Freedom Family it's our game publishing division of freedom because we launched our 14th game. If you search for Freedom Games in Google the front page is all us and just go to the Steam page for Freedom Games and you'll see that we just launched Clousy. Clousy is a cute adorable fluffy clouds daycare where you have to take care of the clouds. Clouds need love and attention too and Clousy helps you do that. We've now published 14 games guys 14 and we're going to be publishing one tomorrow on Monday what is it? Yeah Monday March 7th which game do you think we'll be be publishing on Monday March 7th? Well we'll see in about 24 hours. So I'd love to hear your thoughts as well on Freedom Games whether your favorites have you tried any? If you want to make videos about any of these games you can get 110% revenue share simply head on over to 110.tm which is our dedicated dashboard for paying you 10% more than what YouTube pays for making videos about the games we publish. It's a bit of a mouthful but just click sign in to get started. You don't even have to be a Freedom Partner for this guys this works for all creators whether you're partnered directly with YouTube with another MCN or with Freedom everyone can benefit from this 110% rev share which we will pay you after you submit your videos about the games we publish. Each month forever you don't have to invoice us think of this like a never ending brand deal where you don't just get paid once you get paid monthly forever for every video if you make a thousand videos about the games we publish we'll pay you 110% for those thousand videos. Alright until the next episode Freedom Family I got my exercise today which is motivated by this guy who's doing his ab halos and other exciting you know exercises for the apps did you go to the gym did you get your exercise if not why not get out there you'll feel great let me be your inspiration if you need it the 46 year old CEO and founder of Freedom if he can do it well you can do it too. Until the next episode I am George and you've been watching Oh you dreaming but love here click that I to partner with Freedom and join the Freedom Family so we can all grow together you get many perks like position music you also get epidemic sound a lot of other access to royalty-free videos sponsorships many things to help you grow just click the links down there in the description below to get involved in our community our forums our discord chat servers meet our graphics team meet our community team all of that on discord and the forums what are you waiting for get started and we will grow together as a family because this is the Freedom Family you are part of it we are all part of it and we're all growing together to get more George click that big f that will subscribe you to Freedom Central home of the George show and PewDiePie gave one of you Freedom Family a big shout out click that video to see the shout out and to see our new 3d sets for you and click that video to see what YouTube recommends you watch next


My grandfather's clock was too large for the shelf so it stood 90 years on the floor It was taller by half than the old man himself, though it weighed not a penny It was bought on the day that he was born and was always his treasure and pride Hey everyone Shaber 1000 here today. We're gonna try to take this clock and put it inside that clock not the whole thing but I'll explain that to you here in just a minute that's a future video like very soon stick around guys okay guys so you can see it's 1142 late night video it's almost a shame to take this apart it's a beautiful clock and it does work everything works fine on it you can see it's keeping time but I'm gonna try to take the movement out of here and the chimes and the thing that makes the pendulum work and put it into this clock here now I'm surprised this clock if I remember it doesn't have chimes so I don't know if someone has changed the movement in it or what but it it didn't have a chance these of course are fake so take them things now but so we're gonna try to put the chimes and everything in here this didn't work right either I don't know if the magnet was getting weak or what but it it never swung right it would work for a while these things got to be perfectly level on those two it worked for a while but then it would stop there is somewhere on this thing but it was free it was given to me a couple years ago we also got something else free huh you did yeah I did he always gets free stuff I don't know he sits beside these guys starts talking and they all wheel and deal together and I'm like really and this is what we got free the same guy that gave me that other clock from the video where we fixed it well gave me this clock but the clock I believe did work but I think the battery just ran down or it might have looked like it got hooked on that stuck on that hand the hour hand there I anyway so but this never did like I said it would swing for a little bit but then that's it it would stop but this one does work fine I checked everything out it does chime the chime is off like at one o'clock it might bomb three times or whatever I can't remember but that'll be straightened out once we get the insides into that so let's get you on the stand we'll take this apart first and then this this comes apart here this is two pieces then we'll bring this one over and we'll lay it down try not to break any of this glass and then we'll it screwed on there we'll see if we can get the innards from the other clock to fit inside of here so we can make this thing chime again that would be cool well I don't know if it ever times begin with it may have but I mean it's unusual for to have a clock like this that doesn't have a chime in it so we're gonna try to put a chime in it and get the pendulum working right that would be nice stick around okay guys so looks like we've got a bunch of little Phillips screws around the edges here it's two four six looks like seven that I can see wait there's two in here two four so two four six eight ten looks like twelve screws I'll speed you up through that but I'm also going to use this little guy and then I've got a magnet here it's kind of big for the blue mat so that's why I don't have a blue mat over here especially when we get to the other one you know if I'm gonna play that whole case down so all right time to speed you up well there's that piece I thought that was all one piece okay that's the test button double-sided sticky tape holding that on okay all right these are all screwed on so that's good because I can pretty much put them anywhere in there that's just double-sided tape this whole thing is pretty much all them screws on the outside just now if anything I can always try to put this one back together but the wires just wide open with some scotch tape over them all right so I'm guessing these two screws will hold the front on that's real glass there so that the front is real glass so I'm missing a couple yeah I am going down here one up on top there we go yeah that's real glass too make a cool picture frame though second hand minute and the hour hand I'll say they shouldn't be in there that tight I don't have you zoomed way in because you know lighting I think you can see what's going on here well that didn't take much to take that off of there short screw there that spring was bent but yeah everything dusty but everything did work you like their magnet for the pendulum worked so I'm not sure I think the other one's built into the clock if I remember right but we'll have to see once I get that one over here which is just going to be a minute so it may have to fabricate something for it pretty dusty alright now hold down here for something that we don't know okay well still nice like I said we can put it back together I figured for four bucks if I can get these chimes to work in that other one it was well worth that I can always buy another clock and put in here but we'll just see it's plastic it's not wood it's not like it's an expensive clock okay so let's move this stuff over here out the way gotta put a burner in the stove that was monkey's phone alright let me go grab the other one I'm gonna set it down here okay so this pendulum set up different this is one we just took apart it hooks directly on there this one or out of here takes a pendulum like this so before we do anything let's flip this over still got a battery in it and there's the movement or the clock motor itself I know that battery shot see so I think it was still working I don't know if this is gonna work yeah it'll fit in there not sure what I'm gonna do about the chimes yet yeah I'm surprised this one didn't have chimes in it okay or I mean let's open this up now let's take let's take I don't I'm not I don't think these hands will fit that other motor either or that other clock either we'll just have to see hmm heat probably getting to the engine okay well let me get a pair of pliers there's that I don't like that that plastic's coming off there probably gonna have to take it off okay so this is screwed on here with two screws looks like it's missing some so I don't know if this is might not be the original clock that goes in it or movement I should say hmm okay well I don't see any more screws let me let me check this out so I don't break something looks like there's holes that used to be screws but I'll bet it's glued on now looks like it hang on that's right hot glued on okay so can fit this clock in here well the movement I keep calling it a clock and I probably will but so that'll go see another screw right here that yeah that's where that went okay well see if that goes like that this clock will be sitting like that so let's get this put back in let me grab screws let's get the screws put in there now let me see this will have to hide this stuff okay I'm gonna try to hold this up there with my fingers I'm gonna try to start that one let me see if I can do something with this first okay so I just peeled that stuff off I do like them decorative hands you know the old Roman style hands I guess you would call them that maybe not anyway this is Roman numeral so I may have to put that that rubber piece on it no no that'll work let me see if this handle fit I think they will let's see how that one won't yeah this one's much smaller I mean we can do this at least we got one of them that looks nice on there wait a minute wrong hand okay so there's that now all right these are just wood what we're gonna do so we're gonna flip it over and try to put the other stuff in here hot in here so I can get the stuff in here yeah it can come up here in the back and use screws to attach that make sure where I want to put the speaker yet probably maybe there and then there's something like that so now we're gonna figure out the pendulum deal which great it can screw on right there but will the long pendulum work on it that's the thing still got protective coating on it too see I don't know let me back out a little bit see it's kind of got a notch there but we'll have to see let me see let's see how the other one hooks on really don't want to put that baby one in there you know what I mean screw that on there all that is is electromagnet in there so it's not gonna really it has nothing to do with the time like a regular old clock would you know a regular clock you would adjust this up and down to adjust the speed of your clock but this one it's just decorative okay so these were losing let me see what one okay I know how this is going to go let's see if we can get because this has got a room it's got a little round bar that goes across here anyway right there to hang those chains from so I don't know if I can screw this directly onto that or not but that's what I'm gonna try to do so stick around I'm just gonna put a couple screws in that and see if that's gonna hold that and if it will and if it's got room where it don't hit the back we should be okay for that okay so the problem I'm gonna have here is the pendulum and the old clock see was built right into it okay and see how did it go like this this hung in there and that swung back and forth like that so this was hidden up in there because this all the way it goes all the way up to the top on this one now this one will not do that if I put it here where I wanted to put it it's gonna hang down here I don't know if I wanted to do that or not I mean in order to put it way up there which would work because I know the pendulum never did work right on this clock I can never get the pendulum to keep going so I think I'm just gonna have to leave it like that I can always paint this gold at a later date once you know it runs okay and everything I can always take them screws out and paint that gold I think would look okay so let me let me get that screwed on there I'm just gonna roll with it like that and if it works okay I'll put a I'll paint that gold or something or maybe put something decorative on there I don't know but I want to take this out I'm gonna put some screws in this and we'll see what happens okay guys so I like the looks of this one better but that one's bigger it covers up more of this it's easier to see so I'll keep that I shouldn't have peeled that plastic off now but we got this put in here so I gotta get some batteries well I've got to get we got to get the speaker in and the batteries for the chime in but I got some of this stuff to put that stuff in there so I want to go ahead and put those in the back and be kind of hard for you guys to see that oh and then I gotta put this back on this goes right up in there to hang the simulated weights so I'm gonna set this down and I'll put that stuff in like I said all I'm gonna just stick it in there with sticky tape and then it's that gorilla stuff and then I'll show you what I how I did that okay so there's the battery for the chimes that's for the pendulum and the speakers down in there and I just got that stuck up in there so I need to get what three more batteries one for the clock and two for the chimes and then we'll see if we can't get it timed right and then we'll put it back over on its base and make sure it's going to work all right and chime like it's supposed to okay I got batteries in it let's turn it on there goes so now let's see if we can get it to chime and we've got to count the the bonging bong thingies okay so that's saying six o'clock right so we're gonna move this whoa let me have to put that other hand on after all maybe not we'll move that down to there I'll charge it's got rechargeable batteries I'll charge them okay let me mess with that it should be closed so and then I'll be back with you all right guys so there it is seems to be working I need to move the second hand the one that you can see going around they need to move it it's 30 seconds off it's not a big deal the pendulum looks like it's slowing down because you got to tweak this thing to get it to work right if I put the little one in there it works fine I'll get it that's the same problem I was having with the other one if I put this one in there works fine but it looks kind of idiotic and I like the smaller face better what do you guys think I like the smaller one better you can see that one better but who really needs to see it it goes off every hour and who really needs to see it when but I was watching that clock and this one and it's about 30 seconds off so what I could probably do is just move the second hand forward 30 seconds so let it get here we'll move this forward 30 seconds and that'll probably take care of that so yeah that's pretty cool let's just go ahead and take it to three o'clock make sure time's three times and that's got to switch you can stop it stop the clock kind of like that little pendulum there it is okay guys thanks for watching I appreciate it another late night video two o'clock in the morning but that's okay all right guys thanks for watching appreciate it shabery the myth of man legend gone for now I'll let you know on a future video which pendulum I decided to keep in which face I decided to keep on it I'll ask her I like the smaller one better but you know that one's easier to see but it doesn't really matter so I mean it was a free clock well I got four dollars in that now so all right guys thanks for watching we'll see you in the next one bye bye guys take care of yourself my grandfather's block was too large for the shelf so it stood 90 years on the floor it was taller by half than the old man himself though it weighed not a penny weight more he was born and was always his treasure and pride but it stopped short never to go again when the old man died slumbering his life seconds numbering it stopped short never to go again in watching its pendulum swing to improve many hours had he spent while a boy and in childhood and manhood the clown seemed to know and to share both his grief and his joy for it struck 24 when he entered at the door with the blooming but it stopped short never to go again his life seconds numbering it stopped short never to go again