The scene was not merely beautiful. It was truly sublime. On descending the slope, we saw the pillar of steam rising several miles distant. And when more than a mile, we could see the Geyser Canyon very distinctly. And here the roar, rushing, hissing steam. Geyser Canyon, where four eras of use began in the Geyser's geothermal field. Here, Native Americans came, then tourists, early electrical generation, and finally, modern electrical projects. These are the stories in a Geyser's album. The Geyser's geothermal field with rare dry steam is the world's largest developed geothermal field. It is about 80 miles north of San Francisco, California. Today, many thermal features known to early visitors are gone, but not all. The canyon seems an enormous, seething, steaming cauldron. Steam and hot water issue from hundreds of vents, seething, hissing, and roaring. William Bell Elliott, a hunter with John Fremont Survey Party, found Geyser Canyon in 1847 while tracking a grizzly bear. He described it as the gates of hell and misnamed it the Geysers, as not are there. By 1852, with tourism increasing, the Geyser's Resort Hotel was built at the foot of Geyser Canyon, though hotel is included on an early map of the canyon with the thermal features. By 1863, a stage road connected the resort to nearby towns. The stagecoach ride was legendary, as was the driver, Clark Foss, invited to England to meet the Queen. The Geyser's Resort grew famous, and the guest list splendid. Ulysses S. Grant, Theodore Roosevelt, Mark Twain, Luther Burbank, and the Prince of Wales all came. This view is from the top of Geyser Canyon, looking down at the hotel complex. The guest took sulfur baths and hiked up the canyon, starting before daybreak for the most spectacular views of steam in what one visitor called an atmosphere mixed with the perfumes from the interior realm. Sturdy staffs helped these hikers reach the Witch's Cauldron, a popular destination. It is the most peculiar feature of all the Geysers, and is well called the Witch's Cauldron.  One local visitor to Geyser Canyon was a businessman, John D. Grant. Grant's mind wasn't on mineral baths, but on harnessing the steam for electrical power generation. In 1921, with a homemade cable drilling rig, he drilled a well to find steam next to the Witch's Cauldron. Glenn Truett, a drilling crew member, recalled that at a shallow depth, the well blew up like a volcano. Grant, undeterred, crossed the canyon with his rig. In 1922, he successfully drilled a geothermal well the first in the United States. Grant brought a steam engine to the well site. With steam from the first well, he drilled another about 40 feet away. By 1926, eight steam wells were in. About 60 feet from the first two wells, a small power plant was built. It produced 35 kilowatts of electricity, using two small steam-driven generators, enough power for about 35 homes. For two years, Grant's project was backed by a local stock company. Stockholder Luther Burbank, the famed botanist, stands at a wellhead. Burbank, Grant, and their wives pose by a well. Grant arranged to sell electricity to the city of Healdsburg, where a power company official thought enough steam was at the Geysers to power 100,000 homes. But technical and economic problems interfered with the project. A glut of oil hitting the West Coast market lowered the cost of electricity from oil-fired plants. Finally, in the 1930s, the project was ended. A generator from the power plant was moved to the resort, where a small amount of electricity was produced. In 1955, the modern era of development began. B.C. McCabe, founder of Magma Power Company, leased about 3,200 acres of the Geysers, including the Geyser Canyon area. About halfway between John Grant's wells 1 and 7, he drilled Steamwell Magma 1, the first modern geothermal well. In 1956, McCabe's company, together with Thermal Power Company, began developing the field. Steamwell's thermal 1 through 5 were drilled in the next two years. In 1958, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, a large public utility in Northern California, agreed to purchase the steam to generate electricity. PG&E built Unit 1, the first modern power plant of the Geysers. In 1960, the plant began producing enough electricity for 12,000 homes. Soon, Unical Corporation and other companies came to the Geysers. In the 1970s, as field activity continued, major legal issues were settled. Geothermal steam was found to be a mineral, not a water resource. And the federal government kept title to geothermal resources on Homestead Act lands. By 1992, 613 steam wells had been drilled, some nearing two miles deep, though Grant's first well was just below 200 feet. The temperatures exceeded 500 degrees Fahrenheit. The California Department of Conservation oversees wells drilled on state and private lands, and the Bureau of Land Management wells on federal lands. Together, industry and government worked to protect the environment and geothermal resources. Keeping pace with the increasing number of wells, more and larger power plants were built, mostly by public utilities, but some by private companies and governmental agencies. By June 1989, all the field's 29 plants were constructed, able to produce 2,093 megawatts of electricity, enough for 2 million homes. The pace of growth is clear. Enormous expansion occurred in the 1980s, encouraged by oil price increases in 1979, and a law passed in 1978 helping small power producers to sell electricity. However, more power plants of the geysers meant more steam was needed. By the end of the 1980s, it was clear a limit on steam production had been reached. Events focused on steam supply issues where they remain today. In the late 1980s, steam prices fell with the price of oil, making geothermal a less economical source of electricity to produce. At the same time, steam production rates, quality and pressures declined more rapidly than many had thought they would. Projects were delayed, canceled, and discouraged. By 1991, electrical output from the geysers was down about 37% from the installed capacity. Several power plants were retired, suspended, and placed on standby. In 1992, the output was down about 42%, with enough power still for about 1,200,000 homes. In response, lease owners, steam suppliers, power plant operators, and regulatory agencies are looking for ways to increase steam production and electrical power generation. Power plants have been adjusted to operate at lower steam pressures and in efficient ones closed. Steam pipelines may be rerouted and more surface waters injected into the reservoir. Though the resource of the geysers is vast, the future is uncertain. Only time can tell what to enter next in a geyser's album.


Ymlaen i'r graflwnydd yma, a dyna'r swyddfa i'w gwnaeth mwneud trwy'ch yn tyniol hwnnw i'w'r dd deedol i'w gwirionedd. Ond oes oedd am gyd yn ffynnus oherwydd rwy'n gwybod. Fynd i hefyd, dyna dwi'n gwneud. Dwi'n gwneud a'n gwneud gyda rhan oherwydd. Mae'r ddedech chi'n meddwl i'r ddau math o'r enghven yw'r fwylo'n gweithio ar gwerthu. Well, I guess I've come from the tradition of user-centred, people-centred, human-centred design. Human-computer interaction is kind of up in my field, and I am halfway through between interaction design and the social sciences. So I'm a bit of a weirdo. So I guess the first thing I need to do is to clarify what I mean by design and what I mean by researching this talk that is titled, No design without research. And what I mean by design is mostly, for the purpose of this talk, is mostly interaction design. And interaction design deals with the behaviour of any interactive thing in the world of software. It deals mostly with the structure and behaviour of software interfaces, which means that when you make decisions about which features your software should have, or how those features should behave, you are doing interaction design. And understood in this way, interaction design applies to all software and to all kinds of interfaces, and not just the graphical ones. And what I mean by research in this talk is any kind of activity that ends up involving users in the process of making software. So, basically, it's about getting your users to be part, to take part in the interaction design process. And the question that I keep on encountering, and I keep on having all these conversations about, is can interaction design exist without doing research, without involving users in the process of making the software? I'm doing a PhD at the moment, and when I hand out in the university, I am surrounded by a lot of people who believe that you should not be doing design without doing research. But then I also spend some time with the free software and the open source software communities, and in those places I run, I encounter people who are somehow wary, nervous, and sometimes quite hostile to the idea of human research with users. And those people I've come to call in a kind of joking way, the naysayers. And based on their arguments against research, I've come to classify them into four groups. You have the itchessclatchers, we have the scornful, we have the dismissive, and you have the defeatist. So I want to go through them one by one if you allow me. So let's start with the itchessclatchers. Now these are people who believe that they're building software that is exclusively tackling a problem that is their own, solely their own. And their argument goes, well, since this is my problem and only my problem, the only people I need to do research with is myself. Other people can use the software, but in the understanding that the software is about solving my own problem and it might not be ideal for their problem. I kind of understand this argument, but I think it's somehow detached from reality. Because this is the thing. Your itch is only your itch as long as you are the only person using the software. The moment one more person starts using your software, your itch becomes only 50% yours. And it's also 50% that each of the other person is using the software. When a second user comes along, your itch is now 33% yours. When a third user comes along, the itch is 25% yours. Did you see where I'm going with this? By the time you reach 50 users, your itch is 2% yours. So sure, these people can keep on telling themselves, well, this is my itch, but that doesn't change the fact that it really is not anymore.  But the moment you release the source code, the source code to the world for anybody to use, you need to come to terms with the fact that you have also released your itch. So that's the itch to Scratchers. The second guy is the Scornful. And this is a type of people that we call you Henry Ford. According to these people, human beings really are very good at articulating what they need and what they want. And the designers are better positioned to do so than themselves. These people seem to believe the designers have some kind of superpower. The designers are somehow a more evolved type of human being that has overcome this incredibly human limitation of articulating what it is that we want and that we need. Obviously, I'm sure I need to convince you that these people who believe the designers are in any way superior are kidding themselves. The only superpower designers have is the recognition that we human beings are really by articulating our wants and needs. And that there are some things in the design process that can help us overcome those limitations through all sort of work, things like iterative prototyping and also design research. The third type are the business if. And basically these people say that every time you ask other people anything, any opinions related to design, every single person will tell you a different thing. And then the designer is left to fix the mess, to try to, you know, make sense of all these conflicting requirements that are probably unreconsilable and that relate to either design paralysis or God says us all, designed by comedy. These people research is about asking people what they think about stuff. That design research to us is about asking people about their opinion. But actually this is not what design research is at all. Design research is a highly structured activity that is carefully set up in order to answer certain questions. What we call research questions is stuff we want to know more about. Okay, so it's nothing about people's opinions. And what it is about most of the times of certain human behavior. So there is a lot of research that may involve asking people questions, but those questions are normally not directly related to the stuff you're designing. They are about the problems you're trying to solve with your designs. The circumstances and the context in which those problems take place. And also the ways people go about trying to fix the problem themselves, which are very often highly imaginative and quite quirky. But a whole chunk of design research that's not involved asking questions at all, it involves observing, observing how people think about their business, observing as well of course how they use our software. So design research is not really, sorry, anyone who starts observing human beings in this way will realize that we are all slightly different. We go about our business in slightly different ways. But there are also striking commonalities across the differences. You know, these common patterns, these similarities. And it's those similarities that ask designers who should be looking for, because they're normally very useful to the work we need to do. So design research is not about making sense of people's opinions. It's about uncovering the common patterns that underpin our very individual human behavior. And finally we have to be fittest. And this is the people who think that design research is a research that just takes too much out of you. You know, it takes too much time, too much money, too much effort. And because of that, it is not suitable to free software projects. I think I imagine that when these people, the fittest here in the world research, these images come into their catch of really expensive labs with one-way mirrors and fancy cameras. And these very long longitudinal studies or these years-long endographic endeavors that end up becoming like 10,000-word research peer-review papers. And this is the standard academic study. And they do it because they develop theory. But we are not developing theory. We're just trying to make some software. And in order to make software, our research can be a little bit different. So this is the reality of research for the purpose of software making. Let's talk about time first. How long does it take to do this type of research? Well, apparently if you want to do anything that involves talking to people inspired by interview approaches, six interviews is enough. If you're doing anything that involves getting your users to interact with any artifact, five sessions is enough. These sessions should never be longer than 45 minutes, which means that you can run an interview study in four and a half hours and a usability type of study in three hours and 45 minutes. I don't know about you, but I don't think this is that long a time. What about the money? There are certain costs that are often involved in doing this type of research. For example, you might have to travel to meet your participants, or your participants might have to come to you when you need to cover the costs of travelling. But luckily, a tone of research nowadays can be done remotely with things like gypsy for zero euro. Another cost that is involved in doing research very often is that you need to capture it somehow so you might need audio recording equipment or video recording equipment and stuff like that. Nowadays, capturing research can be done for zero euro with stuff like OBS. Finally, the last extent that you often have with research is compensating your participants. When we do research with people, it's a common practice to give them a little bit of money as a thank you, but money is not the only way of compensating people taking part on research. It's communities of users that are very committed and very engaged and very often they will be willing to help you without any money involved. We have to start looking at research, at taking part in research as a form of contributing to free and open source software. And there's also other ways of compensating your participants As part of WEPHD, I recruit a lot of people to take part in my research through an organisation called the University of the Third Age and in exchange for that help, they don't want any money. What they want is training on the stuff you're interested in. So far, we've given them training on Facebook's privacy settings on GDPR and also web third party tracking. So talk to your users, talk to your research participants and find out how they want to be compensated for their help. So here, it turns out that research can be done actually for zero euro. And I actually do this all the time. And finally, how much effort does it take? A big chunk of the effort that is required in this type of research is making sense of the results, making sense of what the research is trying to tell you. And this process is coming on very effectively in teams, in activities like this, what we call an affinity diagram. And that makes it way more fun and also much faster. But because our studies tend to be quite small, it's also very likely that you can make sense of the results by yourself in a couple of hours. And that's how it took me, how long it took me to make sense of this particular study that we did recently when we did a piece of video software, the processing software. And then the other thing that takes a lot of time, sometimes research is communicating the results. But to do this, you don't need to write these very long research reports that nobody reads in the end. The research output can be communicated very easily and very quickly in video calls, creating videos or podcasts or just writing in the mailing list or wiki page like we did in this case. So it doesn't need to take that much effort either. And finally, just a couple of common sense recommendations where you want to do research for your free software project. Keep these studies small. If it looks like your research question cannot be answered with a study that looks like the ones I've just described, break it down. Break it down into simpler, smaller questions and run many smaller studies instead of a single huge one. In any case, you're going to learn way more from those several mini-studies down from the massive one. So just keep it small. Do research periodically. And instead just small. Maybe maybe you do one user interview a month. That's it. That's your target. And for a long time that was my goal. And that was fine because you see a free open source software project. We're not in a hurry. You can be your knowledge about the user base as you go along as you go on more and more of these interviews. So you can take your time with your research. That is fine. And finally, what I think we all should remember is that research is not really about activities. Research is an attitude.  An attitude that is about genuine interest, active listening and keen observations that come out of that attitude. And you can do, you can bring these attitudes with you and everywhere you go. So for me, this type of approach that is inspired by ethnography meant, for example, that when I was designing tools for software engineers, I started to use IOC. I learned it. I learned how to submit patches to the project I was contributing to. I used text editors, played with electronics, learned how to solder. And most importantly, every single day, I sat down with engineers in my office to have lunch with them. So this type of research doesn't cost any money, and it can be genuinely a lot of fun. So don't let the ages cratchers, the dismissers, the scornful, at the fittest to stop you from doing research for your project.  Because you see, I think we can't design just software without doing research. But if we want to do good software, the type of software that makes sense to the people who use it, we just cannot do it without messing around with the research bits. Thank you very much everybody.


All right, so Heck it doesn't want to stay there. So I'm John Johansson. I work on the canonical security team and I'm also the Kernel maintainer for the app armor module So this last year the app armor project moved hosting to get lab Which has helped with a we used to be on launch pad which get labs really helped Pick up and integrate with some of the other projects to get other people involved We picked up a new logo this last year as well Great fun Well, you got to see scary penguin right talk toxy We also picked up the CII best practices badge This is a little plug for them So it's a good thing for projects if you've got a project to try to pick this up. It's not that hard to do It's mostly a lot of Crossing your eyes dotting your teeth crossing your t's dotting your eyes basically You need to get your HTTPS and version control and stuff sit and document what you're doing there Doing get lab or get hub or something like that's really gonna get you most of the way there And then it's you know making sure you have security policies What to do with your project and stuff like that and it's just a checklist that you run down And then you know it it let and lets other people know that you're doing things, right? And it also helps you make sure that you're doing it, right? So What's app armor besides a security module? We've heard several times before a lot of people know Something about it. Anyways, I'll often you hear a path name based App armor is actually a modified DTE Not just files Files is one of the properties. It's the the primary one right now that we're using for files But and the labeling if you know anything about DTE Would be implied from the files or the typing But you can have Exceptions to that where you're using a label on the disc or something So you saw Matthew talking about them using the security app armor Exeter So they're running a little bit ahead of us on our support on that right now But the very little bases in there that they're using It's very much still a work in progress we are not done with our model or getting to where we need to be And yes as some people have said before DTE is the kitchen sink Yeah, it is Semantics, yeah, whatever right. It's the goal is really make it work for people make it easy The other thing being here is this goes back to the original paper that Crispin presented in 2000 Use Knicks. There is actually some capability system in here. So The most of that hasn't actually landed yet, there's just a little piece of that that's in there right now The important takeaway from this is that, you know, yes, we're a Mac Policy DTE domain type enforcement. It's from the domains point of view or largely And there's some dynamic components to it There are some design goals around app armor it starts with a targeted policy. That's So that that's where we started from instead of say SE Linux starting from the strict policy and saying What can we just do to improve security on the system? We want to make it easy to confine applications. We want more than just confining applications So it's not just applications despite its name It's controlled sharing an awful lot and you can build sandboxes and stuff on top of it Users are really the biggest problem in security We have real problems and we you know when you're starting out you have real problems and with Administrators or users just saying yeah get get security out of the way and we want to avoid that as much as possible We want to make it easy to selectively enable or disable things and easy for a user to understand what's going on So with starting with targeted policy, that doesn't mean we got everything in place and we still don't Goal being you know, we want to work towards it one of the things we do to get out of the way is we have an unconfined mode It's similar to SE Linux unconfined T It's used all over the place special cases and so what do we look like so the base unit of an app armor Mediation policy whatever is a profile profiles. Just this text blob Got a little bit of language. It's very similar to what a user would expect to see It was originally some of the syntax comes a lot from you know 20 years ago. You're talking C programs or stuff. So you're seeing include and stuff like that as part of the syntax If there's different rule types, they're very natural to each one's supposed to be towards The the class that it is so files. You're looking at a path name Read write permissions stuff like that D bus Is example here it has its own set of you know Idiom is or whatever you want to call it of how are you express what's going to happen with it? So the top bit there, that's what we'd call the preamble. That's just a way of sharing some stuff and setting some things up The profile name This is the domain label sort of Sometimes And it's it was what shows up in ps-c Domain label also you could think of that as subject type This is an attachment. There's different attachment specifications. So this one's a path based one Matthew earlier talked about Adding the X adder one for EVM There are some other ones coming as well. There's just some flags to modify profiles. This is the complaint flag is basically Equivalent to audit to allow except for you can do it on individual profiles in the system instead of applying it to the whole system Then you get a rule block They include section that that's just another way of saying these are just regular rules in here It's just they're abstracted out so you can share them, right? and then you have some We've got some rules here like for File for D bus the syntax is declarative. So order doesn't matter Like I said, we've got different classes or rules. This is all whitelisting. So the allow is actually Optional you almost never see allow in the syntax or actual policy files You do see denied sometimes denied is not necessary But it's nice to annotate certain things that you know, you want that it's going to be denied And then there's some rules that each profile gets to control domain transitions that are happening Would we go back? Here the the attachment that is used by Unconfined so like we said we get out of the way as much as we can Unconfined needs some way to know whether it's going to attach to Applications that use it runs And put them into an a confined context These domain rules Here The profile can choose to use the attachment, but it can choose to do something else So this one's saying I'm going to allow running Firefox to run base name, but it's going to inherit my confinement It's it doesn't it's we're not transitioning And then policy is just composed of a whole bunch of different, you know profile files Profile files text files aren't useful for actual enforcement of the kernel So what we do is we take and we compile those down and we build a state machine It's kind of a bit like going to BPF The state machine has guarantees about completion and control of memory usage and it's verifiable We have some other requirements So it's not it's not BPF. It's it's more restricted It has certain properties that we need to do some policy composition So it follows some rules around set and regular language properties It's also architectural independent As much as we can make it anyways, it is right now There are some things that may land eventually that would break that sometimes So the basic overview of how it works, I mean, it's not very different from other security modules Your text pile policy goes into a compiler that loads it into the kernel. So you have some active policy Unconfined Does you know look at the active policy at times like I said using the attachment conditionals But it's mostly getting out of the way at special case all over the place And a confined application. It has a context that references into the the policy and it's enforcing it the kernels doing a bunch of work and We put labels and we carry some context information on objects And then we we also have a user space trusted helpers or you can call them other things as well that Selectively enforce bits of policy. So things like we saw the D bus rule earlier earlier so if you D bus is enabled to support it will actually look at app armor policy and Look at communication coming across the D bus and enforce that part of the policy for us We have Xase pro Xase prototypes that have never gone anywhere because Xase is so much fun There's a few other places where that's been used the trusted helpers are Limited you can actually confine them themselves. And so they're just applying to that They're a little corner of what they're doing and of course we're auditing Messages to the audit subsystem and letting it deal with the rest of it So that's the basic overview of the app armor system. That's where most people would see it App armor has policy namespaces. So We've been front running this a little bit compared to some of the other LSMs This comes into a lot of how we want to do things and do things in app armor and help policy is set up so they're They're separate from a system namespaces So policy namespaces, they you know, they let you run load policy of different You know same names Different policy stats, right They they show up as a in the domain name kind of like, you know, we've got an NS kind of SSH style or we've got more the URL style You'll do either the kernels short and use the shorter form They're hierarchical Each one's obviously getting his own set of profiles They also get their own unconfined states so tasks we track which one they're in by the unconfined state of your in unconfined You could be in NS5's unconfined They also define a view of policy. So what's visible? Tasks at the system level could look down if if they have the privilege and they could see the other namespace policies So they could see NS3 or NS5 and they also control what can be loaded. So if you got a task that's being confined by policy or as Capmack admin whatever at the system level it's going to be able to load policy into the system namespace But if you have a task it say confined in NS3 it it was only seeing what's in the NS3 and down namespace and it's It can't you can only load policy to NS3. You're not going to be able to load system policy And similar we could do that for another one down Right now it's a complete separation on the the view and the the policy load It's not very useful for a lot of situations when you're looking at like this There is a use case will cover that where it's kind of being used So if you just had namespaces it for themselves, you know It's it's an either or situation and we had this for quite a long time and for us That isn't a very useful situation. So you'd be either in the system namespace or you'd be in the say NS5 and the confinement they didn't communicate properly shall we say So to make this useful into it to work towards our policy with where we want things to be we have and this is getting also into the Capability stuff a little bit. So we have policy stacking that can happen at runtime Theoretically that we're not doing it right now. Some of this can actually be done at compile time And so the cost of doing these stacks that we're going to talk about can be mitigated a lot It just depends on what you're trying to do Stacking is specifically an intersection of permissions. So it's a way to reduce Privilege Or insured privileges within certain bounds of two intersected policies So let's say we have a task in the system namespace I don't care what it's doing. It's it's just confined by it and then You know that it can do whatever right? Let's put a task in the system namespace and namespace three So what what's happening here is the task is being confined by both namespaces and the policy of both are going to be applied So This is a way of allowing you to set up policy for one thing Some some basic restrictions that you would want and then having something else set up some other policy, right? Where can where is this useful? Well containers, right? so what we have is we can set up some course policy at the System level some things we we can say that we don't want the container to be able to do the system some mount rules or something like So we can restrict what it's mounting inside the container and be sure about that And then the container itself can load policy have its own policy So LXD right now on in Buntu will you can use? An in Buntu container that has its own policy while the system Has its own separate policy and is enforcing things on the container There is some horrible hacks in here to make this work at the moment Due to interactions with system namespaces that have not been resolved We are working on proper solutions to that but It is what it is and theoretically we could do three-level deep nesting or more But again, this is currently Restricted and broken because of the horrible hacks and system namespaces So the oh, I said, you know before we said that the namespaces define a view a scope The scope is just the view is what you can see the scope is where it applies and the administration So right now all of those are tied We have some work coming to split that out and so a name-face could inherit its parents view And or it's current parents scope and this is this just as a way to make them more flexible And bring in the other you some of the other use cases. We actually have so the first use case We enabled was containers where you wanted the kind of isolation Where we want to actually go with these beyond that is a Much more complicated rich policy so your system can have a policy you could define some global stuff you could set up a policy for some users to have different roles and You can also then with the scope and view work enable users to define their own policy So maybe instead of having so right now often you'll have like the system to find a Firefox profile Which is kind of crazy because the user is running it The user could define his own how he wants to confine his application that he's running and the application itself Can actually define sandboxes with it and and load policy and use it. This isn't enabled yet It's still work in progress And all of those get combined together and enforced Stacking doesn't need to be across namespaces and this plays back into delegation So the delegation of authority other capabilities that we talked I just mentioned briefly before So when delegation lands There's going to be policy rules around it, but there's also going to be an API that allows user space to Load policy Now we don't trust user space Yeah, the user space is gonna have to compile the policy and it's gonna get loaded It's gonna be a state machine that we can verify But we still don't trust user space because they can stick anything in there, right? So you could have something that's confined and I got a profile on it with some set of rules and The user space is trying to abuse it and delegate its authority But it doesn't have authority to delegate the rules that it's trying to throw So in this case, let's allow you to read or write every file in the system so we can use stacking to dynamically limit that and Then what happens is the intersection of those two the actual policy that the system of that Application has and the delegation set is actually what you're going to be able to delegate Now this obviously has a runtime cost because you're doing some extra computation For now, we're just gonna be Allowing this to be handled dynamically. It doesn't actually have to just be handled dynamically though We don't want to stick the compiler portion of building these state machines into the kernel But we can certainly, you know Do an up-call and that user space compile this and from a trusted point of view a trusted Compiler back in and bring that back in and and that new trusted one can Be passed back in and replace the dynamic one so Temporarily you're in a dynamic situation that high as a higher cost and then once you get user space giving you a trusted verified intersection Then you can apply that instead And so back to the domain label So you start seeing weird things like this that you know, maybe I have some intersection that doesn't make any sense at all But it doesn't matter, you know, we have we have a profile Firefox and we have a profile events Normally, I said those could be the domain label when we start talking stacking You get them together and that's at the actual domain name domain label or type So that's you know, the basics of the app armor policy. So what what have we been doing recently? We've been doing a lot of work behind the scenes and a bit of upstreaming We're maybe a lot you Ubuntu used to carry a large Delta for app armor and We finally landed everything upstream except for the AF UNIX patches those are seeing some review and some work around Our on support for improving network. So Our network mediation is a work in progress. So we've landed support for SEC ID is finally upstream And this is in preparation for supporting network mediation It's also allowed us to land support for audit rule filtering. So we certainly log to audit but now audit can You can do audit rules based on the app armor task label Or the domain label We landed socket media mediation. So this is the coarse-grain control of sockets for things that you know You're not doing a you know fine-grain IPv4, you know, I want this address or anything this but you know Well, no, I don't want to allow maybe I Don't know maybe I don't want to allow IPv6 or I don't want to allow AF packet sockets that kind of level It It's better than nothing, but it's not what we're where we're gonna be. We're we're working on the fine-grain stuff right now Profile attachments. You saw the start of integration that Matthew's done with the EVM AIMA There are some other conditionals that are coming There's improvements on Overlapping execs that that happened as part of this so Those attachment conditionals there's possibilities for overlaps and there's there's ways to check and figure out what's working and Originally, we had a much coarser check That was a heuristic saying we know this is good. We don't have to do extra work Now we're doing extra work to make sure, you know, we can get those areas that were somewhat sketchy on the heuristic And get the best match. We have Some work on the no new privs improvements So our no new privs there is stuff that has landed here. So no new privs is something that came around with sec comp and when it first landed it it was It blocked LSMs from being able to do transitions We have some stuff in app armor now that allows us to do subset transitions and track that So like in the stacking situations say for containers Maybe no new privs is applied when you're setting up your container. So at the system level Your system container policy is not changing but within that container It can actually transition the policies underneath in the the the lower part of the stack There is some other work for an override of no new privs as well, but that has not landed yet We had a problem where policy didn't carry ABI info You we did have a way to specify ABI and we basically it was either or so either you didn't specify the ABI at the system level And it basically said use what the kernels ABI is or You you could specify hey, I'm gonna pin my policy to this ABI right so For development using the kernel ABI is great for policy It's not so great for distros, but guess how many distros actually configured it that way So if you were changing your kernel frequently or being a kernel developer You could break people and we did have some problems with that. So We landed an ABI We're landing an ABI feature here so that you can just specify an ABI in policy and that's what's going to get used The old stuff still works that doesn't have the ABI specified. It's just Pin to earlier ABI's it can't use new features Cache was still a problem as well when we start talking about kernel and so we used to have a single cache So like I said, we build policy would make a state machine. So if you switched your kernel, then we had to recompile and That was problematic for kernel development as well. So now we've gone to a Per kernel cache that can be pre-compiled It handles collisions so like here if there's there's some hashing involved on the ABI and if there's a collision You just you get a little subscript on it and it's checked We also at the same time as we were doing this work We added Overlay support for policy and cache so that you could ship a read-only image and Still have local changes if you wanted to allow that We landed pretty much everything there I mean, I did say that there's the no-new-proof stuff that didn't quite land But we also have well part of the no-new-proof And didn't have as much land as we wanted. There's a whole bunch of work that's in progress right now There's some internal improvements and clean-ups that are happening We're reworking the early policy load To better integrate with system D and have it happen naturally natively And even a little bit of support for doing it in the net ram avis You can do that now, but there's no Skeleton at all for that you have to go do it all manually yourself We're not really advocating doing that, but we do have some people who would like that support The fine-grained network mediation is still a work in progress There's needs to be a whole bunch of improvements on the mount mediation we have some out mediation It's pretty rudimentary at the moment There's some actual work on key rings and I octals going on right now There's a whole bunch of improvements coming on the audit side of things. So we right now our audit structures are on the stack We're gonna pull those off the stack Do some caching of them? There's also so we can do some elimination and speed things up there Our complain learning mode features so how we do policy development are seeing some improvements as well So if anybody's followed the SEC comp notify work that Tyco is doing We've been borrowing from that and we're gonna actually have some interactive ability there for profile development That will actually make things a lot nicer There's some further further attachment conditional work coming on Improvements to the conditionals and permissions within the structures more policy namespace work The delegation is a continual work in progress. I Something we really need to land improvements to Pam app armor system namespace integration and documentation at the perennial Thorn in our side So any questions Questions anyone? Thank you. Thank you. Let's thank you


All right, the Nets will begin the second half of their season with a new head coach. Jocbon is out, Kevin Oli is in, previous head coaching experience at UConn where he won a national championship. If you go back to Kevin Oli's playing career to a detail into that career, the word around the NBA among executives, head coaches, assistant coaches, and players was that Kevin Oli would make a good head coach in the NBA one day. Now he gets his chance. How his appointment will affect the rotation, the starting lineup, all that remains to be seen, but there's a lot for the Nets to play for this season. They still have a chance to make the play in tournament, which I think would be important, but it's going to be up to the players. They need to be much better. In Jocbon's final game as head coach last week up in Boston, the team lost by 50 points. The effort wasn't there. It was an inexcusable performance by the Brooklyn Nets. So now Kevin Oli, it's up to him to get this team to be more together, play harder, but also it's up to the players to give Kevin Oli a lot more than they gave Jocbon his last month as head coach.


The Tom O'Brien Show is produced every business day. Tom takes your phone calls toll-free at 1-877-927-6648 internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER>. Let's go to Alan Homassasa. Hey Al, what's going on? Isn't it wonderful this gentleman here with the gold report right before the market fell apart ended up with PAAF. We have a 98% gain in the year and I mean you weren't 99% proof like Irish Whiskey but we had a good gain there. You always told us to do what we feel comfortable with and if I lose a little bit of money on the table I will but I know that I just pocketed $8 or $9,000 in two weeks. That's a beautiful thing man. Now Tom O'Brien. Welcome folks this is Tom O'Brien of TFNN. We go five days a week. We go seven hours a day. We go 24 hours a day on the internet at tfnn.com. Always remember folks whatever you think about you bring about whatever you focus on grows so everyone's having a great day safe day. It's making a great night folks and a great month. Don't make assumptions. Disconcern the truth. The problem with making assumptions is that we believe they have the truth. We make an assumption. We misunderstand. We take it personally then we react by sending emotional poison without word. And what does it create folks? It creates a whole big drama for nothing. Let's take a look at it out here. We have the Dow Industrial's down 128. NASDAQ's off 231. S&P's off 26. Gold contract up $16.60 trading at 19.38 an ounce. We've got silver up 5 cents. $25.24 an ounce. Light street crude off 287.107.75 notes and bonds. The 10-year note up 6.6. 127.16. The 30-year up 8 at 156.24. And King dollar. King dollar's up 386. Trade 97.764. Yen is at 115.39. The British pound is at $133.00 to $1.00 US dollar. iPhone number's<PHONE_NUMBER>. Give us a call folks. Want to know what's going on in your world. In the world of the S&P's, let's take a look. And what do you have? Well, I can tell you folks, man, this market is having a hard time catching any type of bid. And what you're going to have out here today, you're going to get the spy. Your spy's down to three bucks, but you've reached 441. So what you did here is this, you got to a higher high, you're going to have a contraction of volume, bottom line, this thing sets up lower prices. And this is the building cause to go lower. So it is what it is, man. Take a look at the NDX 100, the three cues, bottom line, same type of setup in the three cues. They're down $5.60. That being said, guess what? You hit 350. And the cues may not have a contraction of volume actually. We'll see what happens. We'll see if they can do 77 million. You're at 54 right now. So it's possible they could do 74 million, but if they do, you know, 70 million, 72 million, same type of deal. It's a contraction of volume. You know, you're going against 201 million chairs as well as 143. So let's go take a look at the futures. So we take a look at the S&P futures. What you have here is that the highs today was 44.18.  You made it to a higher high. You're coming into a Friday. This might be the end of the bounce, man. Yeah, this is the way this is setting up, man. This is weak. This is really weak. If you can't get it going on window dressing, folks, okay? I mean, hang it up because this can go a lot lower. Notes and bonds. We're going to take a look at the note and bond market. What do you have in the note and bond market? The 10-year note is trading up seven ticks. We are at 1.5 million contracts. Now, it looks to me that this 10-year note is actually going to get higher. It looks to me that what we have here is that you get a countertrend bounce happening. You know, we hit a hit high out here on Tuesday at the price point of the 129.31. You came down hard yesterday, but watch. You went up with 3.2. You came down with 2.3. And what we've done out here today is rejected lower price at the 127.02. So I suspect bottom line wants higher price. We go to the king dollar and we take a look at king dollar. What you have with king dollar is this, okay? Bottom line, king dollar. You're up 391 ticks. It looks to me like king dollar is actually going to go far the spike high. I think the spike high was either 103 or 104. Got 102.978. That's the spike high. And it looks to me like we're going to go for it because, I mean, that high was generated out here in March of 2020. Because you're over the 97. Yeah, you're over the last high. And there's not much in its way. And honestly, it's a spike up into that level. Offer numbers 877, 9276648. Let's go take a look at the gold market out here. Well, we have a gold, gold's trading up 1650. You get 161,000 contracts traded. And good old gold is building cause. I suspect that cause is for higher price. And if we take a look at the generic contract, you're going to see that it's pretty clear, man, that when we pull this up, I mean, this is, you know, it's amazing. What's so cool about this chart, folks, the monthly charts take a real long time to, you know, perform. There's no doubt about that. But when you look at this chart, this is like a classic beyond belief. You have a A to B in place. And the A to B in place is a monster A to B. The A head started out in 2018, August of 2018, 1161. It goes all the way up to 2063. So, you know, you're talking about, what, that there's nine. Yeah, it's 900. And you see point is 1673, which gives you 2573. And, you know, we've done this before and I watched this, the retracement, and this is what's showing how strong it is. The retracement was just, it was a spike under the 382, over the 382. But hit the 382, didn't want to be there, one top side. So it looks to me like the bottom line is that we're going to see gold higher. And it totally makes sense because the way that the sanctions are in place, folks, the bottom line is that these big dudes over in Russia, I'm sure that they probably already have a lot of gold, but guess what, they're going to be buying a lot more gold because the authorities are closing in on everything else, meaning yachts, anything that's out there that you can see getting shut down. I mean, over in France, as well as Germany today, the bottom line is that the two Russian old yachts just got stopped and now they're confiscated. So it's like, okay, man, here we go. You get that done, guess what? You're going to buy gold. If you haven't bought it, unless you already have it, that's what it comes down to.<PHONE_NUMBER>, some of the higher volume equities, and this will be a low volume market out here today, folks. You get an advanced micro down 644, apples down 45 cents, you get snowflake, that's getting smoked, that's down 46 dollars, DraftKings off 2.5 dollars, you get Uber down $2.40, stay right there, folks, come right back. Are you looking for a way to consistently add winning trades to your portfolio? Tom O'Brien is here to help. Tom O'Brien has been successfully trading markets for over 30 years. A frequent contributor to TD Ameritrade Network and CNBC, Tom O'Brien found a TFNN over 20 years ago to help educate investors just like you. Tom's Daily Market newsletter, Market Insights, is published every morning when the market's open to give you the competitive informational edge you need to succeed. These newsletters are packed full of Tom's advanced technical analysis and are geared to deliver comprehensive strategies for a successful portfolio. 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Watch online at TFNN.com or on TFNN's YouTube channel and become the investor you were born to be, TFNN, Educating Investors. Welcome back folks to Dow. Dow Industries right now, down 52, you get the NASDAQ off 221, S&Ps are off 18, and let's go take a look at a couple equities for a couple of the Tigers out here, TWI. So, man, you talk about a little volatility out here, and this is a Titan International.  Now, this, you talk about finishing an ABC structure up. This ABC structure was finished in one day. That's how this shakes out.  It was a, the B point here is 1192. The A point was 760, 760. You got approximately four bucks, which gets you into 1322. And we hit 1381. And it hasn't held price. Pull this back a little. So, if you're wondering, I know the Tigers own this thing. So, the real question is that it's going to turn, when you finish an ABC structure up, it's going to do something other than continue to basically go higher. I just put a stop in somewhere. I think the stock's going to go a lot higher, but it really depends on what your goal was here. That's kind of all that's shaking out. And I will come back and we will do Harmony as soon as I get to, and Jose and Lakeland. Jose, what's going on, brother? Greetings, greetings and more statutory greetings from Lakeland, Tom. Tom, I need your guidance here. I had a bungalow house in Lakeland built two years ago. Nice little place. 90 bucks a square foot. I put it on the MLS last night at nine PM. I'm driving down the interstate here. I've got three cash offers from investors in Tampa. How do I play this? Probably one of those Bums BlackRock for all I know. How do I play this without scaring them off? They're two of them are near my full price offer. Do you mess with it? And am I responsible to sell it for some closing costs, as they say? Do I pay a commission? So, let me ask this, you don't have a full offer yet? It's close enough. It's almost 300 K, but it's close enough. Okay, so you can come right back to them and say simultaneously, like, okay, man, the next 24 hours, give me your best bid, and whoever has the best bid, I'm going to take it. And I suspect they'll go up a bit. I mean, the housing market we know in Tampa and St. Peter's so tight, it's unbelievable. Isn't that something on MLS nine o'clock last night and three cash offers? I haven't even dealt with two or three realtors that want to come in and see it this weekend, but you're always better with the cash offer, correct? And then wasting time with the conventional loan? Absolutely, because you don't have to deal with the appraisal also. And that's a big deal. So there won't be an appraisal gap, which there will be on this. Exactly, exactly. Oh, I guess so do I pay some closing costs and do I pay a commission or no? Well, would you do put it when you put it up in the MLS, right? Did you have a broker put it up in the MLS? As far as that would be, two percent. Perfect. Okay, good. Then that's all you're going to be paying is two percent. Okay, that's right. The two percent I would be paying. Right. Right. I got you. Well, wait a minute. The flat fee only charges you 150 bucks to get you on the MLS. That's right. It all depends on what you put this because that's a great way of doing it, by the way. Okay. You put it on like that. So it was a box there that you would have checked off. That's right. That's right. There is no two percent commission. That's only if a deal, a realtor does a conventional or FHA. So it's only 149. They don't ask for another dime. No, I know, which is great. So I would just go over what you put on the listing first so you can understand that, right? Then that's going to tell you whether you're going to pay the two percent or not. And then what you also want to look at on that contract, okay? If you don't fill out what the inspection is, it's 15 days. Don't give them 15 days. The bottom line, give them five days. That's it. They said seven days in the contract. Seven is cool. Seven is cool. That's cool. Yeah. People don't need 15 days these days. Okay. They can get someone out there to take a look at it pretty quick. Yeah. That's a cool thing, man. Totally. Well, if you've got some other projects in progress, if I, if you know what I mean, how does the housing market hold together here for the next six months, you think? See, I think you're doing the right thing. I have sold into this in a big way. I mean, I'm going to keep building. You said never sell. I'm sorry? You said never sell a house if you own one. Yeah. Well, I own a lot of them. Yeah, okay. So by the way, what I'm doing, I'm selling into it, but I'm simultaneously in St. Petersburg on Central Avenue and first, I mean, I own a lot of dirt and that's downtown. So I'm building it. It doesn't really, well, of course, it always matters if things keep going up or go down. But when I build these, I build these that they'll cash flow even rent in because at some point there's going to be a pullback. And my take is, you know, interest rates go up, you know, the bottom line, things are getting stabilized or they're going to pull back. I mean, it's that that correlation is there. And I know that folks, that correlation is hard to comprehend right now because everything is so high and you feel like everything's going to keep going higher and higher and higher. But that doesn't how it works. And I don't know if I'm even right. But I know one thing that you can't sell anything when things start going down. You know what I mean? So, Right, right. Exactly. There's some wholesalers. You know how they operate. They're over on Belcher Road in Largo. They actually know you. I thought they approached me last week. I forget the outfit's name. I know every wholesaler out there. I know. Yeah. So, Tom, you wouldn't, you wouldn't risk carrying them away with, I'm going to hold out for five grand more in that nonsense. You're not going to scare them away. No, let's step off. Yeah. Yeah. I would just go, there's another way you can do it. You go right back to them and says, I will take this now. Tell them to sign the contract the next 24 hours. That's another way of doing it. Take this and run. No, whatever bid you have. Let's say that you want five more thousand, you go back to them and say, listen, I will take this number and I'll sign the contract today. Meaning, add the five thousand in, add whatever in that you want. If it's five thousand shot, add the five thousand in. They'll sign it. You don't think that would scare them off? No, no, no. Okay. No, I could be dealing with BlackRock. It's Bank of Lemieux, USA. I've never even heard of this is what's happened. It's everyone and this is the scary thing right now in the real estate business folks. Everyone wants to be in this business. Okay. So, God, they sent me their bank statement. It's 26 million sitting in there. I didn't even ask for it. Oh, that's even better than that. Definitely go back to them and up that price. Yeah, that's a no brainer. Good deal. Much obliged. Okay, man. Have a great one. Have a safe one. Let's go to Max and Fort Lauderdale. Hey, Max. What's going on? Hey, hi, Tom. How you doing, man? I'd like to add something in this real estate deal. I sold a couple pieces of property. One I sold about two and a half years ago. Yeah, I didn't list it. I just had a sign in front of it. And I held out and I got my full asking price. I had him pay for closing costs, and I had him pay for my attorney. I mean, if they want it, they'll pay for it. That's correct. Yes. Yeah, just just stay right there, Max. We can come right back. Stay right there, folks. We have the Dow Industries right now down 64, Nasdaq's off 229, S&P's are off 20. Stay right there, folks. Come right back. Are you having fun trading the markets, but having trouble finding like-minded individuals to discuss your trading and investment ideas with? Become an Apex predator in the trading markets and join the Tiger's Den Trading Room only at tfnn.com. The Tiger's Den is an exclusive trading room where successful traders from around the world come to exchange trades and ideas. Join the den and surround yourself with these sharpest minds in the trading world. Subscribers to the Tiger's Den are also the first to have their questions answered live on air and can privately chat with our tfnn hosts live during their shows. Interact with other Tigers and Tigers' as they share trading ideas, news analysis, and discuss the market action all trading day. Subscribe to the Tiger's Den risk-free with our 30-day money back guarantee and become part of the tfnn trading community. tfnn educating investors. 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We are so confident that you're going to love this new charting software that will even give you a 30-day unconditional money back guarantee. Don't miss out on this incredible new piece of software. Get your copy of the art of timing the trade charts today by visiting tfnn.com. S&Ps are off 16. We're talking about Maxim Fort Lauderdale and we are talking real estate. So you had the buyers do all the closing, right? Closing off. Yeah, I had them pay for the closing and I had them pay for my attorney. Yeah. He wanted it. I could tell he wanted it. Now I sold it myself. I don't know how this listing goes. What you have to put is it like a contract when you do multiple listings? No, it's pretty cool. Is it flexible? What Jose said, and I used it before I actually owned a brokerage, is that you just pay $149 and the bottom line is that that broker is putting the listing on the MLS for you and you can put your own parameters in it. So that's it. It's $149 cost and that's it, but it goes out to the whole MLS. So it's pretty cool. But the price that you put in there is that you can't change that price? Change it a million times. Do whatever you want. Yeah. Well, then he can raise the price. He can raise the price. He can lower the price. He can do whatever he wants. Yeah, there's no restrictions. Well, if I was him, I would hold out. If he got that many, he got those calls that quick. I wouldn't give that piece of property away. Well, he's not going to give it away, Max. He's going to get another five grand for it. That's what he's going to do. Yeah, but he's already got three bids, two of them are cashed. If he got them that quick, I'd opt the price until, because if they want the property, they'll call them back and just continue the same offer. Okay, so let's talk about this. Okay, because I understand what you're saying. Okay, but someone that is, so the office that he got, this is my take. One of them's a big fund and the other one's probably a fund, right?  There's a lot of places to buy. So when someone puts a bid out and he put the bid out and it's 5,000 shot, you know, the bottom line, yeah, you might pay the 5,000, 10,000, but you're not going to get played with because there's a lot more than one house. You know, I understand what you're saying. If you're an individual with one house, if you want to go through it, fine, but the other side of that, if I have someone mess with me, I just say see you later, man. I mean, there's plenty of houses, man. You know what I mean? Yeah, but then there's plenty of buyers too. It goes the other way, unless he has to get out of it. I'm just explaining to you what I do and what a fund would do. I don't have anything personal in any of this. What ends up happening is that you're getting personal in the aspect, and I don't blame you. That's what happens when it's your house or something like that. This to me is just like a trade. These ones will longer trades, but that's all it is, man. Do you know what I mean? Yeah, I agree. I agree. But I would play a little hardball. I haven't played for cozy costs on your attorney. Well, God bless you, man. That's great. Listen, when you can get it, that's awesome. There's no doubt. Listen, I hope everyone gets as much as they can get. Can I thank you? Because I'm Larry's age, and I don't know if I'll ever get a chance again, but you started me trading back in 99. I used to come to all your events. I wore a cowboy hat and all that. Yeah. The wife and I used to drive over from the east coast. I know you are, man. Yeah. Oh, my God. Yeah. Oh, that's wild, man. As soon as you said your wife and I, because I remember that now. Okay, cool. Yeah, I've been with you since 99, and I want to thank you. I've switched from stocks. I'm trading futures, and it's all because of you. And that's good. I'm having a ball and I'm making money. And you're alive and kicking, man. I've worked all my life. You're alive and kicking. Hey, Max, has your face changed? And what I mean by that? No, I never got old, to be honest with you. I know this. You know what? So check this out, folks. Jeff, which is G7 in the den. So this is what happens. This is too funny, but it's a truth, man. What happens in that, depending on where you are, folks, on your trading, on the scale of it, meaning just how many years, what happens is that I can pick a trader out from anywhere, because something happens to your face and everything, man. It does. Because of the good and the bad and the ugly. Do you know what I mean? It's like, okay, you go through so many trips, man. That's just what happens. It's pretty cool, though, man, because it keeps you in shape, man. That's the other side of it. There's no doubt about it, man. You're like a gunfighter after a while, you know. You better be. Well, just good. That's good. Hey, we're going to stay sharp, man. You stay sharp, and the best you can do, man. Pretty wild. I want to thank you. Thank you very much, Tom. Well, thank you for growling a problem with us, man. Have a great whatever, safe one, Max. You got to love this life, folks. I'm telling you, man. It's pretty cool. And all your tigers and tigers is out here. We get a great family, man. And we're going to thank all of you because it's freaking cool, man. So, market-wise here, you know, so picture this this morning, folks, okay. I go on TD Network once a week, and it's for a half hour. And what ends up happening, I always try to make themes, okay, of how, you know, what's going on. And so this morning, the last couple of times I'm on, and what do they do, is that there's a, I'm on with Nicole and then Ben. So they put me on one side, Ben's on the other side. And so this morning was the first time that I gave them all shot positions, right? And it was like, okay, you know, what the heck's going on here? It was a downtrend. I mean, what are we talking about here? And, yeah, I'll show you. I did, I did Domino's, okay, because take a look at Domino's, right? Check this out. So, you know, Domino's, it's trading down 19 bucks right now. This is an ABC structure down to 318, folks, okay. And we take a look at this. Watch this, I bring this up. When you're going to see, you broke the B point, you broke it with monster volume, okay? And it's a monster A to B.  You know, bottom line, it's a monster. So I'm thinking this thing is going to go down to 319. That's your next swing point. Now, that's on a technical basis. On a fundamental basis, I'm sure many of you know, I started in the pizza business, man. I was an Irish kid in South Boston, and I had the first Greek pizza place. And that's what, actually, Tommy's first food, you know, we, he was born, we had the pizza place in the bottom line. We lived in the second and third floor. Tommy's first food was pizza crust. And the pizza business is what ends up happening. The, of course, the wheat is going to go up. That's got astronomical, but that's not a monster deal. You got the wheat, you got the cheese. The cheese is going to kill them in the pizza business. And then on top of that, Fidominos and Papa John's, I would shot both of them. What you have is this, is that you have their delivery businesses. So you have the gasoline that's going up, and then guess what? You're going to find, you're going to find drivers. Okay? So it was really cool, man, you know, and, you know, basically going shot in that because it's always cool if technically they're lined up. Fundamentally, they're definitely lined up because what, what it is, those costs are going to accelerate big time. And, you know, we all love pizza. And so, yeah, we'll have to get used to the aspect of, you know, $25 pizzas, I guess. That's kind of how this is set up. Stay right there, folks. Come right back. We have the down, industrial's down 137, Nasdaq's off 256, S&P's off 29. Come right back. Are you in the market for buying or selling real estate in the Bay Area, including the surrounding St. Petersburg, Tampa and Clearwater markets? Tiger Real Estate LLC is a firm that has extensive experience in the Tampa Bay Area. Whether you're looking to sell your current property for maximum value, or you're in the market for a second home or investment property, Tiger Realty has the experience across all areas of real estate in the Tampa Bay Area to help buyers and sellers make the most informed decisions across all price levels. From the price you should be paying per square foot in certain up and coming areas, to the type of cash flow investment properties are capable of creating, Tiger Real Estate can help you make the best decision when it comes to all areas of the market. 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An investor should consider the investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses of the direction shares carefully before investing. The prospectus and summary prospectus contain this and other information about direction shares. To obtain a prospectus or summary prospectus, please contact direction shares at<PHONE_NUMBER>. The prospectus or summary prospectus should be read carefully before investing. An investment in the funds is subject to risk, including the possible loss of principal. The funds are designed to be utilized only by sophisticated investors such as traders and active investors. Distributor, Four Side Fund Services, LLC. Welcome back folks. Dow, Dow Industries right now, down 112. You get the magic off 244. S&P's off 27 and we're all getting hungry, man. Let's go take a look at Nike from one of the tigers out here. Okay, so lowly is 125. The high is 179. They're going to be coming out with numbers the 21st of this month. Let's take a look at this, how this baby is set up. Yeah, so this is telling me that, you know, let's see, so we got a high, you can have a consolidation there for a long time. I don't see a lot of movement, Nike. That's the bottom line. And the reason being is this. So what happens is that this is the danger point, Nike. The danger point is that you don't have a higher high with volume. You get back to the breakout area, but you have come back to this breakout area with tremendously lighter volume. You know, last week, we did 31 million shares. This week, you're going to be at 24 million. So it's not even going to have 31 million. So it's going to be, you know, there's a lot of support. And there's two different ways that you have the support is that what you have is this is that you have the 25th, which is the breakout. And then you also have this bar going all the way back to the September wood level, which is 130. So that's kind of how I'm looking at this baby and how that baby is set up. And I guess the target is looking for smaller numbers in China. Yeah. I mean, I don't, I don't know why you're looking for small numbers in China, because guess what? China's booming. I mean, beyond belief. Let's go take a look at, okay, I did tighten one second. Let me just find this other one. What was this other one? This is good. We got a good scroll going here. Ryan, can you do me a favor? Just put that other stock in again. I wasn't quite sure which one you want. Let's, I'll do FCX until that baby's in there. So if we take, we take a look at Freeport McMorran, this is a, this is a major breakout, Freeport McMorran, okay? Freeport McMorran folks is one of the largest copper companies, as well as gold companies, okay?  So let's just see if this is an all-time high or 62 with game out here. Yeah, it is. This is going to a all-time high. So the highs out here are 59 and 62 is the, oh, this is cool. Hold on, let me look at this. Yeah, these are a little more volume, but 62 is game. Let's go to Rich in Oregon. Hey, Rich, what's going, oh, Harmony, one second. Rich, just stay right there, Rich. I'll just do this quick, all right, man? So Harmony Gold, he had a monster break yesterday on Harmony, okay? And what ends up happening, same, we are talking about the silver market folks. When gold gets up to these prices, these equities can just pump out millions. The South African gold companies folks, what it is is this, their gold is very expensive that comes out of the ground, but they get millions of ounces. Harmony wants to run to 761, the all-time high. Let's go to Rich, I don't know if they're all-time high, it's a high going back to 2021. Let's go to Rich in Oregon. Hey, Rich, what's going on, man? Hey, Tom, thanks for taking my call. Absolutely. It's interesting listening to all your Florida friends down there about real estate, but I'm calling about a REIT that I've got. It's considered a small-time shopping center REIT, WSR. The action has, to me, showing something going on. What do you see? Okay, so let's see. So this is pretty nice. I mean, we just went from $9 to $12.86. Pull this up. Okay, so you're coming back to, well, this can get back to the $14 level. I mean, why did this thing crash before? Well, the pandemic, everybody thought, of course, everything was closed down. Yeah. And WSR is, their shopping centers have usually a grocery store, and then on your other thing, pizza shop, et cetera, beauty shops. And they're all located in an upper class area like Arizona. So it looks like, yeah, the company's Houston's the biggest market, which is going to be cool because when oil goes up, folks, Houston, everyone is loaded with cash. They still are. Illinois, Arizona. They have 5 million square feet. Yeah. I mean, they're saying that the top tenants, Safeway, Dollar Tree, Wells Fargo, Walgreens, Frostbank, I'd just be careful because this is a nice run, man. I'm not quite sure why you normally don't see REITs that can run that fast. You know what I'm saying? No. And that's what caught my eye was the fact that they pay a nice little dividend, but they've all of a sudden had this spike. And I don't know whether it's in sympathy because some other regional REIT got bought out recently. That's possible. So what happens is this, when you do a work on it, this is what you want to find out. You want to find out if their malls are basically class A malls on the strips, even the strips. Because if they are, then stay right there. If they're B's, I'd say that you watch it because what ends up happening is that when you get, interest rates are going to go up, folks. And the bottom line is that when you have the class A properties, they get hit a lot less than shopping malls that are B's get hit just like that, man.  But that's a good-looking shot and it looks like it wants to go higher, man. That's the bottom line. Okay. Cool, man. Well, thank you very much, Tom. Have a great one, man. Have a safe one. You too. Let's go to Paul in Claremont, Florida. Paul, what's going on, brother? Hey, Tom, how you doing? I'm doing great, man, yourself? Actually, Boston will never go away. I know, man. I love it. That's a beautiful thing. All right. Actually, I didn't even hear you there. Okay, I want to talk about cliffs, CLF, but let me tell you, for the last few months, the sharp position has gone down from pushing close to 20 to probably under eight now. Yeah, 7.3. Every week, this thing's pinned to options. You can't win anything here. You look Monday, you know where it's going to close Friday. Okay. Okay. Now, all of a sudden, everybody's out and they're flipping. John Nigerians are hyping it on the options thing he does on CNBC. He's going to be in it for a few months, several months. Pete was on today hyping it again that the options are getting people buying big, that they're going long basically. So now, I've been in this for a while now. I've been tortured. Yeah. Yeah. And now it's running and I'm making money. Okay. But now, I put this on 10 years and what's the danger zone on a weekly that looks like to you? What's a good, you know, protect myself so it doesn't get whacked again? Because even when it was running for the last years ago, it always gets creamed a lot. It does. No, it does. Stay right there. We'll be coming right back. We're going to be talking about Cleveland Cliffs. Stay right there folks. Come right back. Sharpening your skills as an investor is like getting better at playing a musical instrument. You have to practice. Sure. 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Do you want to make $1,000 per year on $100,000 invested or $7,000 per year on a secured Tiger First Mortgage? The Tiger First Mortgage Program may be just the program for you. The Tiger First Mortgage Program pays 7% per year, paid monthly. For more information, you can call<PHONE_NUMBER>. That's<PHONE_NUMBER>. Welcome back, folks. We're talking with Paul from Claremont, Florida. We're talking about Cleveland Cliffs. So, what you've got to figure, you've got to put a stop in close, Paul, okay? Because what has happened here is this. This is 100% move-for-move, so that'll be $26.56, right? We hit $25.51 today, $58. And when you look at where this went from the lows to the highs, you're up 67% from the lows, meaning just January 24th. I'm sorry. So from January 24th, you're up 67%. And this is 100% move-over-move, meaning what 100% move-over-move is, folks, is that you have a downdraft, then you go all the way back topside. And most times what I've seen, that's about the most you can do in one move. That's how that's set up. But this is huge volume going up. They're pushing this. They've all flipped and they've turned. Now they want to run these. All the steels are doing the same thing. Okay? I mean, it's going to blow through to 27. But if you look at this on like Bud's PTI, I got every three bucks. So it's 27, 30, 33, that kind of thing, you know? Well, it's going to need a lot more volume to do it, because it doesn't have it right now, man. I can tell you that. It doesn't have it now? Not even close. Yeah. Why do you say that? Because you can see last month. Last month, you only did $388 million. And the bottom line, you're talking about $780 million and $500 billion at those highs. You did $300? What are you looking at on? A monthly. On a monthly. Oh, I didn't look at the monthly. I was just looking at weeklies. Yeah. So just put a trailing stop in there, man. That's the way to do it. Do you think this will keep running though? I don't know. You don't, do you think?  I mean, this is a decent run. It doesn't look to me like it's going to have the volume to break topside. That's my point. Alrighty. Okay, brother. Thank you. Have a great one, man. Have a safe one. You too. Always remember folks, the bank and claw your heart out, the bull can run you over and thank God. There's always another trade. Health, happiness and prosperity. Have a great night, folks. Have a safe night. Come back and join Tommy tomorrow morning. Kicks us off nine o'clock in the morning. Please tell your friends about TFNN. It's a beautiful thing, folks. Yesterday's gone. Tomorrow's not here. What are you doing right now? Don't get him, folks.


The mechanical properties of porcine brain tissue were investigated when subjected to strains up to 70% at strain rates between 1 and 50 seconds 1. It was found that the tissue exhibits stiffness increases with increasing strain rate, with the highest stiffness observed at a strain rate of 50 seconds 1. Additionally, the stress relaxation behavior of the tissue was studied using a combination of time and strain domain analysis. It was found that the stress relaxation can be described by a product of two mutually independent functions of time and strain, with the peak stress being proportional to the square root of the strain rate. This reduced stress relaxation function can then be used to predict the mechanical behavior of brain tissue in compression with strain rates greater than 10 seconds 1. This article was authored by Azataka Tamura, Sadayuki Hayashi, Aisawa Watanabe, and others.