Around Dodge City and in the territory on West, there's just one way to handle the killers and the spoilers, and that's with a U.S. Marshal and the smell of gun smoke. Gun smoke, starring William Conrad, the story of the violence that moved West with Young America, and the story of a man who moved with it. I'm that man, Matt Dillon, United States Marshal, the first man they look for and the last they want to meet. It's a chance-y job, and it makes a man watchful, and a little lonely. Putting it off wouldn't help, any. He's lambed out here. Matt Dillon had relished some coffee. Oh, thanks, ma'am. The first thing Jim always wants when he's been out in the weather all day is a good hot cup of coffee. I won't hardly say two words for it, get this? He's dead, I reckon. I don't know if he wouldn't just hurt her. He'd have got back home one way or another. Jim is like that. For three days and nights, my mouth kept saying he's alive someplace, but my inside's no different. I knowed right along he was dead. Jim and me were that close. I'm sorry, but I had no gullies for handle openness. He layin' out there in the night somewhere, Marshal. A doc took him into the- In the ground like the root, drawing strength out of the land. Marshal Jim didn't die by no accident. He was done for in cold blood. A neighbor fellow over there west coveted our land, Burl Albin. Rick and he coveted me too, the way he acted. Took to calling me Harriet a while back instead of Mrs. Mourney. Jim took a fist to him over that. But Jim was dragged and then kicked to death by his horse this morning. I know different, Marshal. Jim and me were that close. The lord ought to strike Burl Albin with lightning for what he'd done. Well, maybe he will, if I help some. So what are you gonna do? I don't rightly know, Marshal. Not for a think on it. I've got to lay down and think and listen to this. A long time, maybe. And finally all know Jim and me were that close. Oh, for heaven's sakes, ma'am.  I don't have to think so, doc. Well, that's what these poppycock ever heard of. Well, it sounds different, though, when you hear her say it. I don't care who says it. Matt, you saw Jim Mourney's body, same as I did. And all the marks on it. What did it look like to you? Like he'd been dragging his horse and kicked into death. And that's exactly what happened to him. That she'd go over the body again like I asked you to this morning. Oh, man, I've done nothing else all day, but to go over it. Only I sure figured you must have some better reason for asking than just the wild ravings of a widow that's half out of a mind with grief. Harriet Mourney's not the kind to go out of her mind or even half out of it, Doug. I don't know about that. Those strong ones fool you sometimes, Mattie. They break up inside instead of on the surface. Yeah, maybe. Not that Burrow Halburn isn't capable of murder, in my opinion. He sneaked you to Catamount. But kind of found that Mattie sure couldn't teach a man's horse to throw him and then to kick him to death. No, I guess not. Yes, none, but golly, you're still half convinced. No, but she's so sure, Doug. It's not just a matter of suspicion. She knows. And the way she says it, it gets you to wonder if maybe she could be right as well. Maybe Burrow Halburn has had his eye on the Mourney farm, but so are other people born likely. It's mighty good land here. And then too, last fall, Halburn got out of line with Mrs. Mourney and Jim had to knock some sense into it. Yeah, I heard about it. But it doesn't change the fact that Jim Mourney was kicked to death by his horse. It's plain fact against a widow woman's hand. All right, Doug. All right, I won't argue with you. Well, that's good. That's good. Then go to good night's sleep and forget. I said I wouldn't argue with you about it. I didn't say I'd forget it. Yes, sir, people just like chickens, don't they?  Now, plenty of them seem to have scooted in here. Sam and Kitty will make more out of this rain than the farmers. They don't have time to stop and find out. They haven't been to the Marvin Hill, to the Santa Fe, to any bill in the railroad. Good business, sir. Yeah. I got to see a fellow there at the bar, Kitty, and we'll have a drink. Oh, sure, Max. I'll join you later. All right. Some planes, Marshall. This rain ought to be of some good, huh? Some. Coming of might early, though. I understand that you've been trying to buy up the money, though. You didn't get nowhere, though. Any fool woman thinks she can run that flyer alone? She's got another thing to come. She thinks that's what she would come on, man. About morning getting killed. Yeah. I know what she thinks of, all right, what she's been saying, but the fact remains, Marshall. He was drove, dragged, kicked to death by his own horse. Doesn't put much stock in facts. They're going to have to take that woman away one of these days. Uh, Mr. Jones. Mr. Jones could I see him alone? Excuse me. Well, yeah, sure. He'll throw it in, Mr. Jones. This morning's standing by. What for?  What? She told the Hawkins boys to say she's found out how to make the lightning strike. All right, that little girl. I declare, if I was anywhere, I'd just plain start to melt and run. You're never satisfied, because they're two months from now. It'll be the test. Well, I'll leave the weekend between the holes. It'll be nice. I'll watch for it. You have lost your mind. I'll tell you. Thank you, ma'am. I'm sorry to have to bring you out in this, but when happenings choose their own time, the body can't alter them. That wasn't a bad ride, ma'am. The storm's led up a lot. Well, it didn't rain this afternoon, though. That's a real cloudburst for a while. Come down in buckets out here. The big wash out there was running bank full for an hour. It was up there. Yeah, it was quite early. Thumps and tree limbs, brush. I don't know what all come washing down. Kept snagging up and jamming there back at the corral. I had to go to sleep now. Every 20 minutes, I'd work at loose so the water wouldn't back up and flood the barn. It's a lot of work for a woman running in a place like this along. For some woman, maybe. But I'm strong like I told you. One of the earth folks. There's still a limit. Marshall, I was made to go out there to that wash today. That's why the storm was and the branch is snagging up. I don't understand. Well, Jim was earth folks, too. 10 days ago, I'd give them back to the earth. After the ceremony that day, I stood up there on boot hill and I talked to Jim. I asked for him and the earth to get together to give me a sign to let me know what to do. Well, today has happened. This morning, the Hawkins boys said something about to lighten and strike it. It ain't struck yet, Marshall, but it's ready to. I want to show you something I pulled out of that briskwood in the wash this afternoon. I reckon it was buried, shall I like, up on one of the gullies. Or maybe just throw it into a thicket left. Anyhow, the rain set us down to me. There's just an old limb off a mulberry tree. That's not a limb. It's a club. Look at the other end of the chest. I'm gracious. I figure it might have roped Jim off his horse, sir. Or maybe he caught him on foot. Anyway, it looks like that's what he used. He beat him to death with a club, a horseshoe nailed on the end of it. You don't ride down the street there. I know. I saw him from the weather. I can't figure what he's been doing. He rode in the town half hour ago. I'm having a couple of drinks, I guess. He doesn't know why I sent for him. He's worried. He wouldn't leave that club by the night time table in plain sight. Yeah. Pull the chairs up around the table, will you? He sees that club. If you think you'll figure out some why. It may be, but I'm heading the other way. All right, sit on it, will you? And don't say anything. And don't pay any attention to that club, huh? Yes, sir. You want to see me? That's not so much.  Do what?  You're under arrest for murder. No.   Don't try it, will you? I'm having a fool not to have done like he claimed. Rip that horseshoe off the club after he used it. He wasn't just claiming he did rip it off. There it is. Right down the table. Sure, the club Ms. Morning made. Ms. Morning? We're just stretching chants too far. I just had to figure that thing had turned up right at our doorstep.  But why would she do a thing like that? She was hoping for just what happened. That bro would be thrown off balance enough to give himself away. But how could she know that's how he'd done it? A woman's intuition or some pretty good guesswork. You can get him over here. He's gonna have to make out a chord. Thank you.


Praval here from Zoho. For many of us, mobile is the first and the last thing we see in a day. That tells us how important it is in our lives today. I would like to thank exchange for media for inviting me to be part of the jury for Maddie's 2020. I look forward to some interesting entries from you all and let's together push the envelope for mobile marketing in India. Wish you all the best. Thank you.


If time is relative, can we time travel? So, you want to go into the past or the future, isn't this the biggest problem in the world? People are time-traveling within themselves. They are trying to live what happened ten days ago or they are trying to live what may happen day after tomorrow. Time travel is the biggest problem, don't seek it, it's already a great problem. Now, that's not what you're asking. You want to know what happened in the past or you want to know what will happen tomorrow. When he said, What he is telling me is, why don't you time travel for me and tell me what will happen tomorrow? Okay? Yes, that's all he is asking. So I have to wear my astrological clothes. See, if you transcend your physical nature, there is no such thing as time. There is… in… in India, in this culture, we have a word called trikkha lagnani. That means one who knows past, present and future. This does not mean he is time-traveling. That is what this Hollywood movie is, which misunderstand everything logically and literally. So why I'm saying this is, they're always trying to understand everything factually, literally. When we said there is a trikkha lagnani, they said, Oh, there is somebody who goes into past, present and future. See, this moment is eternity, I want you to know. It's question of, are you living in the surface or have you have… do you have a profound experience of what's now? What you think is past, what I think you… what you think is future or what you think is now is all one happening. They are not three different happenings. They are not three different dimensions or three different geographical spaces that you can go into and come back. When you use the word travel, it suggests movement, isn't it? I travel from point A to point B. I can't travel from point A to point A, point A to point A, point A to point A. I cannot travel unless I'm making rounds. So right now, when you say past, present and future, you're talking about triple A.  It's AAA. It's not ABC. When we say time, in the yogic perception, which ultimately modern physics will come to someday, hopefully, is time is the basic aspect of creation. Because of time, there is gravity. Because of gravity, everything else. Right now, the problem with modern physics is they have reasonably understood the other forces. They are unable to understand what's gravity. Gravity is a consequence of time. It's not the other way round. Because there is time, there is gravity. The word time itself may not conjure that image in your mind. The Sanskrit word is correct, it's kala. Kala means two things – time and emptiness. Kali – not talking about the Devi, kali means what? Empty. Kala means darkness, kala means time and it also means emptiness. If you try to speak with little more personified context, we will call this siva. So we are talking about time and emptiness, time and nothingness as the same thing. Because there is time, there is creation. Because what we call as creation exists, there is gravity because to maintain the integrity of a little bit of physicality in this vast kala, you need some force to hold it together. So gravity is only when time bends in a certain way. Time which is nothingness, time which is emptiness takes a curve. When it takes a curve, physical dimension begins. If it doesn't take a curve, physical does not exist. So when we say spiritual process, you're trying to get out of the curve because whatever curves ultimately will go in circles, isn't it? So because you experience time as a consequence of the curve that it took, your understanding time as the spin of the planet, as the rotation of the moon and the sun and whatever else. But when we refer to kala, we are talking about time in a more fundamental way that it is emptiness. It is nothingness. It is clear space is time. We are always… the modern concept is talking about time and space as two different things. We are talking about time and space as one thing. The existential is gravity. The non-existential presence that is there is kala or kali or emptiness or time or whatever you want to call it or darkness, all these things symbolize the same thing. So if somebody travels in time, he's lost his mind, really. I know books are written about it, don't… don't ever believe, please… I want you to understand, you throw up a new concept, let's say a scientific community throws up a new concept or philosophically some new concept comes. There will be hundred authors in America. First 80 will come from America, next 10 will come from India maybe these days. They will write books about how they experience this concept which may not even exist. Powerful books will be written and one generation will grow up on that and it will die. Next generation has not even heard about what… the books that were popular in seventies and eighties, this generation has not even heard about those things which shaped those people's psyche completely. So this time travel business, this near-death stuff, what's going on, these are popular subjects right now. I would advise you write a book, you will sell well, make money, so write. If it's your survival, write something.  Don't do time travel because you cannot do time travel. Time as you know it only exists because of your physical nature. If you really want to know the profoundness of time, if you want to know the color which holds everything together, which holds everything in its lap, you must distance yourself from your physical nature. Then you know khala, not as three, but three As superimposed on each other, not ABC. So then you will not try to travel. You will dimensionally… dimensional shifts within your… within yourself. Not psychological understanding of time. What happened yesterday is one time, what's happening now is another time, what may happen tomorrow is another time, not in that context, they are not three separate things. Actually what happened yesterday, if you sit here and imagine all that, it'll all happen now, isn't it? Yes? What may happen tomorrow? If you sit here and if you have powerful enough imagination, it'll happen right now. This is why people are suffering something that happened ten years ago and something that may happen day after tomorrow. Yes? They're enjoying and suffering things which don't exist.  Still psychological drama that you create in the form of thought and emotion is not life. It is a badly directed movie.


The challenge of the Yukon! And king! And humanity! The Wonder Dog King, swiftest and strongest of Eskimo lead dogs, blazes the trail through storm and snow for Sergeant Preston, as he meets the challenge of the Yukon. Sergeant Preston was typical of the small band of northwest-mounted police who preserved law and order in the new northwest country where the greed for wealth and power led to frequent violence and bloodshed. But in spite of the odds against them, Sergeant Preston and his Wonder Dog King met that challenge and justice ruled triumphant. In Bakersville, a small settlement crowded with miners and trappers, the lucky and the unlucky men gathered in a group at the side of the main street. Sure, just look at the paper here. Look at it. Says here it's the greatest show ever to come to the North Country. I can't believe it. Seans believe in. You'll have a chance to see it. Next week it's coming. Flora Belle the Dancing Bear. A bear? It's a bear. It says here that's what it does. Art McCaffrey, the bear's owner, plays a hand organ. This reporter actually saw the bear dance. McCaffrey's touring the Yukon with this unusual bear. In Fort Dunning, a week later, two clerks stood behind the wire windows of the town's bank. You almost finished with those entries, Walt? Almost. Well, I'm through. I've got a lot of work to do. Well, if you're going to be here anyway, then maybe you wouldn't mind if I go over and see that dancing bear everybody's been talking about. Oh, I don't mind. Go ahead. I'd kind of like to see it myself, but then somebody's got to stay. Yeah, that's right. Well, maybe you can see it some other time. I'm going to put my mac and on and hurry over there. I don't want to miss any of the show. This is mighty nice of you, Walt. I appreciate it. Oh, forget it. I'll be back soon. The show's over. I'll be back soon. I'll be back soon. I'll be back soon. Oh, forget it. I'll be back soon. The show's over. So long. Oh, see it some other time. You know, as well as I do, they're just doing one show. Oh, well. Let's see now. Where was I? I thought everybody in town would be overseeing that show, but it looks like I guessed wrong. What can I do for you gentlemen? Yes, right, bud. Everybody in town is overseeing the show. Everybody except us. So it seems. You're strangers here, aren't you? You want to open the account? Come on, Harry. Quit wasting time with the Yoko. All we want is to open that safe, mister. And you're going to do it for us. Gun. That's right. I get over there and start turning the combination. But look here. I ain't loaded with cotton, bud. So move before I lose my patience. But you can't do this. It's against the law. We're doing this.  They go as cash in that drawer, Moss. Yeah, yeah, sure. You gotta keep our friend here covered just to make sure you don't change his mind. You'll never get away with this. We have a law and order court in this commission. We'll worry about a law and order commission. You got the cash in the drawer cleaned out, Moss? Yeah, everything's all right. Get the safe open. Very good. I'll speed you there. Unload the safe. We had any sense we'd have locked the place up. Close the door. Quick, girl. And hand me that money. You won't be out of town 20 minutes before somebody's on your trail. This ain't a bad haul, Harry. That's the last one. Take which came out to sled, Moss. I'll bring the rest in a minute. Right. That's what you came for. There's not a nugget left in the place. You've got to tie me up so I can't sound an alarm.  I got a better idea. You got... You wouldn't dare. No. You already committed a robbery. Dad, don't tell no tales or give descriptions either. Now, thanks for the help, pen pusher. Dad, we've got to pay you off and let... No. No, wait, I... An inspector maynard's office at the headquarters of a Northwest modern police, Sergeant Preston stood before his superior officer's death. These men have got to be stopped, Sergeant. The ports are pouring in from all over the territory. Systematic robbery. That's what it is. Robbery and murder too, hm? Yes. It seems that the criminals think it's best to cover their trail by leaving no witnesses. Bank clerks in two towns have been murdered. The other town, the bank, had been broken into at night. I'll start to work on it immediately, sir. Good. You probably don't know too much about it, Sergeant. Haven't just finished that case up in the hill country. But I'll turn these records over to you and... I don't know where you'll begin or how. So good luck. Thank you, sir. Sergeant Preston began his investigation of the robberies. He stopped first in Bakersville. Now, there was no one in the bank at the time of the robbery, except the clerk who was killed. That right? That's right, Sergeant. You see, we'd all gone down to see Flora Bell. That's Art McAfrey's dancing bear. The bank being at the other end of town. Wasn't anybody knew about it for a good hour after it was all over. And the point, Murson, where the Monty was still following the route of the robber murders. Well, Sergeant, we was all mighty curious to see this here. Flora Bell, we'd heard too much about. It seemed like everybody in town was gathered to see McAfrey's show. He held it at night. It was a week later. In Center City, King and Sergeant Preston made their way to the edge of the crowd that had gathered to welcome Art McAfrey and the dancing bear, Flora Bell. Now, there's a gentleman throwing nuggets at you, Flora Bell. Now to the man. Now to him. What's the matter with you, Clem? Throwing a few measly nuggets. Here, I got a whole poke of gold for you, Flora Bell. Hey, hey! That's all right, that's all right. Can't go hurt nobody. Folks have been handing Flora Bell pokes of dust for quite a while, old timer. When they do, she feels she ought to thank them properly by giving them an old-fashioned bear mug. I'm sure it did. Had me scared for a minute there. During this thing you ever saw. Imagine a bear that tame, Clem. After the crowd drifted away, the scarlet-coated molly stood talking to Art McAfrey while the great dog King stood beside his master clawing at the bear. And because of the robberies, you've followed me. Is that it, Sergeant? Yes. You see, in every town where you've appeared, the bank has been robbed. Oddly enough, at the time when you were staging a performance. Well, I can't do any more than give you my word that I have nothing to do with them. Sounds like a clever idea. Concentrate the attention of everyone in town. King, quiet, boy. King, I'm afraid he's a bit suspicious of your bear, McAfrey. Any he's ever met, then wild and consequently very dangerous. Oh, it's all right, fella. Now look here, the bear is tame. Give the sergeant your paw for a bell. That's it, my girl. Shake hands with him. King, King, King. You see? Now come here, boy. The bear's a friend, understand? He acts like you've convinced him, sergeant. But I don't think he can figure it out. Ah, he figures out a lot more than you'd suspect. He's battled grizzlies who were out to kill. And what he's liked in size, he made up for in cunning. He may be slightly puzzled at Flora Bell's duffel manner, but once it's proven to him, he'll accept it. As sergeant Preston talked with Arch McAfrey in the town's leading cafe, two men were standing together at the far end of the bar. So the mommy suspects something. He didn't, he wouldn't be here. But you're the one that he thinks McAfrey is, man. Yeah, maybe so. But if he does, he thinks that ordinary grinder might have somebody working with him. So far, I don't have any reason to think anything else. No, make another bet with you. When McAfrey stays in that show tomorrow, it's a sure thing Preston will be waiting at the bank. But we could fool him, Harry. How do you figure that? By pulling a job tonight. I never thought of that. Maybe a moon tonight, either. That's a cinch. We'll make a clean sweep and we ought to turn before that red coat. Well, before he even knows what happened.  We'll do it. You're the more I think of it, the better I like. It was late that night, in a small, comfortable cabin, sergeant Preston stopped talking with Arch McAfrey. King, who had been quiet at his master's seat, rose rustlessly and began pacing the room. It's warm in here for him, sergeant. I've heard that the dogs up here prefer curling up in the snow than before a fireplace. Maybe. Here's something that we don't. What is it, fellow? We'll take a look outside. Anyone out there, sergeant? No. Everything seems to be all right. All right. Bring that land in here, will you? Sure, sergeant. What's wrong? I don't see it. What about? She's pulled up her stake. That or someone kidnapped her? They didn't have to bear. They'd have a hard time doing that. But she's a gold mine. You saw how those men too dust at her today. I spent two years training that bear, and I thought he was... Maybe she's a gold mine in more ways than one. If this is a trick, McAfrey... No, I tell you, it's on the level. I've got to find her. A great malamute crossed the center of the bear in the soft, dry snow. Without a moment's hesitation, began to follow it. It led from a patch of ground beside the cabin to the wide trail that was the main thoroughfare. King ran to the dark, moonless night penetrated at intervals by the light filling from windows. And as he ran, he was out of sight of the two men who tried to pursue him. Several hundred yards ahead of the malamute, the huge bear ambled inquisitively along at an unhurried gate. Snipping the air good-naturedly, Flora Bell lumbered on. The stake to which her chain was attached dragged in the snow behind her as she paused curiously at first one door and then the next. Yeah, I'll put them in the sled, Mark. Yeah. Flora Bell stopped in a track. It was a familiar occurrence and she went forward to receive the sack of gold. Yeah. In the darkness, the man carrying the heavy sack failed to see the bear until it was nearly upon him. Hey, hurry! Hurry up! Hurry up, bear! It's stoking me! I forgot when I could shoot a blade.  As King approached the bear, he was constantly trying to thank the man who was the chief officer present for her master. The malamute saw the second man raise the revolver to fire. Instinctively, the dog... Hey, Mr. Harry! It's another one! It's another bear! Get away from me! Get away from me! Hey, it's a dog! It's a dog, Mark. I thought it was a bear. I ain't making any mistakes. The bear is standing right in front of me. Hey, there's something funny about this. Why, there's a fan in there now.  You'll tell me the reason. You want me to move?  I'll hurry up with that banner. King, King, oh boy. King, counter, all right. It's never mind reaching for that gun, you're covered.  Quiet, King. These men... These are the bank robbers. Do you know them? No. I've never seen either one of them in my life. Hey, look at you. Do you have a bear and a mutt guard to bank? You are sure a smart idea.  But I know we'd walk into a trap. Well, I'll be... Flora Bell sure had a lot of excitement tonight, but I heard a shot. If I thought either one of them would shoot, it was him that fired. But hadn't been for the mutt coming when he did, your bear wouldn't be good for nothing but a rug. We'd both be on our way out of here. Hey, this will make a good publicity story for the show. In time, the recital of Flora Bell's adventure was the statue of a tall story as it was told and retold by prospectors and trappers throughout the North Country. And as the dancing bear's fame spread, there was always someone present who remembered the Malamute who had saved her life, a great-hearted dog who was deaf to the praise of all men but one. Yes, King? Thanks to you, the case is closed. These copyrighted dramas are from the studios of WXY's The Detroit, and all characters, names, places and incidents used are fictitious. They are sent to you each week at the same time and reached you from our transcription studios.


The warm weather outside made it an ideal day for a tasty ice cream treat. All across the country, Dairy Queen restaurants held their annual Miracle Treat Day where proceeds from every blizzard sold benefited the Children's Miracle Network and Gillette Children's Hospital. The Dairy Queen locations in Bemidji added an additional beneficiary to the special day. The blizzards for Bemidji Day also gives a dollar from everyone sold to the Bemidji Sanford Health Foundation's Heart Center project. Each year that Dairy Queen has held this event they see a significant increase in blizzard sales. Usually we will have, I would say within a couple of hours, possibly $300 within blizzard sales and with today going on we probably have around $500 within a couple of hours and possibly more depending on how much we get. Over the past 10 years locally the blizzards for Bemidji project has raised over $10,000. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Okay. So, this thing on? Yeah? You hear me? All right. Wow. Nice turnout. Thanks, everybody. My name is Stuart Sheldon. I'm president and founder of ActUSA. I also serve as the director of technology for the Southern California Elects Exposed. So, the network you're on today is either my victory or my failure. Thank you very much. Today, I'm talking about Linux as a IPv6 dual stack router and firewall. How many people here run a IPv4 firewall? Show of hands? All right. Awesome. Good. Because I'm not going to talk about IPv4 firewalls much at all or how to get a Linux router configured to start with. What we're really going to talk about is how to get mood forward into IPv6 on your device. Okay? So, I'm going to go over some very boring stuff as quickly as I can. I'm sure most of you already know this, but for the people that haven't had any exposure to IPv6, I want to cover it a little bit. The address format for IPv6 is long and frightening. We've got 816-bit hexadecimal groups separated by colons. Makes for a really, really difficult address to read. They're all set. The total number of bits in the address space is 128. That's two to the 128th. There's 340 billion, billion, billion, billion addresses. Or enough addresses to replace the grains of sand on all the planets in our solar system. Minimum network size is 64 bits, so we split it in half. This drives people crazy because, God, I got all this address space. Why do I want 18 billion, billion devices on my LAN? We do that because of auto configuration. We're going to talk about that a little bit too. IPv6 supports unicast addresses, multicast addresses, and anycast addresses. Now, a little bit more. It also supports auto configuration as well as network discovery. This is cool because a client can actually get and create its own IP address for IPv6. You don't have to run a DHCP server, but you do have to properly advertise the address out on your LAN from your router. It also supports router discovery. What that basically means is if you're running BRRP or some other protocol to have multiple routers on your network, you automatically get that with IPv6. As a matter of fact, with DHCP v6, you do not get normally a gateway from your system automatically set. Now, it also covers duplicate address detection, which is even cooler. How many people here have had somebody come up on the same address on their LAN? Isn't that fun to find? The way it works is it comes up and it randomly chooses an address based on certain rules, and it looks to see if that address is being used by any other device on the network. If it is, it immediately drops the address, creates a new address randomly, and tests that address until it finds one that's not in use. IPv6 does not support network broadcasts. There's no network broadcasts in IPv6. Does not support network address translation. How many people are upset about that? How many people have had issues with trying to get services to work that don't do network address translation? It's kind of unfortunate. There's a lot of people that have come up in the industry. I've been in this a little while. But a lot of the newer network administrators and operations people really aren't used to the concept of an actual firewall. Network address translation, by default, can be a firewall, but it is not firewall by itself. And we should not be relying on our security just on network address translation. Again, I'll mention it does not officially support longer net mass than the slash 64, and that's because of the auto generation of the addresses. Yes, of course, you can do a slash 126 or something along that line. So if you have a point-to-point interface, how many people here actually deal with point-to-points? Okay, I got a couple out there. It's actually, there's this two schools have thought about that. One school of thought is that if for whatever reason you end up with some sort of obscure multicast communication between the two routing devices, you're going to end up in trouble because it's not going to see it as the same contiguous network. But also they say that you could have basically a arc storm as a denial service on the interface. Personally, I said all mine to slash 64 and I leave it at that. You guys can study later on what you guys really want to do. It also doesn't support practice packet fragmentation. So anywhere along the entire layer three protocol, we have to be able to move 1280 bytes. Okay, I'll be done in a minute. I get no respect. All right, talk a little bit about the addresses. We have some address shortcuts. This is a fully populated IPv6 address. We can remove groups of zeros and replace them with colon colon. So we can shrink this whole address down to this. And we also can remove leading zeros. Get rid of that one in front of the D. And this is the actual IPv6 address that you can program into your system. So the address isn't that big. Oh, see it changed. I went past it. Gosh, darn it. Okay. Sorry about that. All right. So about addresses, we have a new address type called link local addresses in IPv6. They're designed to only communicate on the network. So in other words, the link local address will not go across routers. And a link local address will only talk to or can only be addressed by another device on your land. And every IPv6 interface must have one program. Now, most of the systems take care of that for us. It automatically comes up. As a matter of fact, if you do an IF config on a Linux system and look at the address, you always have that FE8 address in there, which is your link local. Okay. That's even if you don't have a global address. Only used on the local land, never routed. Multiple interfaces can have the same link local address. So you could have ETH0, ETH1, ETH2, or multiple VLAN interfaces all utilizing the same local address. Okay. That is why whenever we use it, we must also specify the interface that we're going to have that packet go out on to find that link local address. We do that by adding a percent and the interface name at the end of the link local during our connection process. And now, also, we talked about automatic addresses. Anybody here familiar with EUI64? You guys know what that is? I got one person here. And I know him. He works for one of my uplinks. Anyway, basically, that's the act of being able to take a standard MAC address or excuse me, a standard MAC address and convert it into an IPv6 address. This is done by taking the network address, which would be the first 64 bits of the address, taking the first 12 bits of the MAC address, adding an FFFE in the middle, and the last 12 bits of the MAC address. And then just to make it more difficult, we have to invert the seventh bit of the host portion of the MAC address. What that basically means is, if your MAC address, let's see, I thought I had it here. Okay, no. And then invert it. So, to specify, I'm missing a section of the slide, but that's all right. I'll try to wing it. What basically happens with this is it allows the system to automatically define its link local address and get a starting point for what it may be able to use as its global address. Now, how many people have tried to set up IPv6? Okay. How many people? The first thing they do is I want to know if I can do IPv6. You jump right to the browser. You type in the MAC address or type in the IPv6 address and hit enter and it blows up. Doesn't do anything. That's because the address has colons in it. And what does a colon mean in a HTTP address? Port address. So the way we get around that is we put the address in square brackets. And that's when I think one of the questions on the cards. So there's a freebie for you. Now, here's some of the address groups. You've got link local unicast. It's always going to be on the FE80 slash 10 network. Global unicast. This is the stuff that gets routed on the open internet. That's on the 2000 slash three network. Local IPv6 addresses. This is something I don't get. So we don't have network address translation. But we have a classification for local IPv6 addresses. You must be involved with Aaron, too. Anyway, the point is that you'd never be able to run them on the internet. So if we're not going to have NAT, why have local addresses? Unless you're government. Anyway, also very common address is the loop back address, which is one slash 128. And an IPv4 mapped address to IPv6 colon colon with four F's and the standard IPv4 address. How many people have seen this in their Apache logs? Yeah, all right. You know me crazy. The first all my scripts broke. Right. Trying to find when I was searching logs. God, what's this terrible thing IPv6? You also have your route any cast address. So what the route any cast address is is the first 64 bit network portion of the address followed by two colons. When you bring up a Linux firewall or a Linux router, it will automatically specify that address on every router on your network. Okay. Any cast addresses basically respond to our request, but they never initiate an our request from that device. Okay, using that address. So basically what you have is you have a address that you can set as your default route on your network without having to worry about figuring out what the address is. That makes sense to everybody? All right. Then of course, everything colon colon slash zero. Now IPv6 has privacy. RFC 49 41 hat is a RFC that basically defines the rent the ability to randomize client IP addresses so that you can have multiple public IP addresses on an interface and then rotate through those as you're connecting on the internet so they can't trace back what machine it is. Okay, part of the privacy specification. It's on by default by on by default windows. Where's my boo? It's off by default in Linux. Yay. And ironically, Windows also uses random addresses for auto configuration as well. It doesn't use the EUI 64. So I used to think, All right, all the systems use that but apparently Windows decided they weren't going to.  That's a pretty good idea. Don't you think? All right. And IPv6 tunneling IPv6 tunneling is designed for as transition, where we can take IPv6 traffic and push it down a tunnel on an IPv4 network. How many people have heard of Torito?  Really quick, what it's on by default on older Windows systems. It allows for global routing behind that, which I think is very bad. It completely disables your security in most cases. Yes, sir. XP or older. My understanding is that it was turned off in Vista. At least that's what Google says. And if it's on the internet, it must be true, right? All right, so 64 tunneling 64 tunneling is right now the most popular tunneling protocol used for people that are doing exactly what we're going to try to do here. And that is create our own IPv6 firewall. And we would basically connect to a tunnel broker, such as tunnelbroker.net. And thank you Hurricane Electric, wherever you are. Oh, and allows for point to point tunneling of IPv6 data between network endpoints via IPv4. God, I can't sum it up any better than that. 64 tunneling. And it's a network tunneling protocol that was really designed for ISPs and enterprises to create a router that would allow IPv6 only clients to attach and create tunnels with other IPv6 624 tunnel systems in order to transfer their data without permanent tunnels.  I've never seen that happen. So we won't talk much about that at all. Anyway, all right. So how do we configure the clients? We have DHCP v6 and we have auto configuration. We can talk about the pros on DHCP 6 address tracking. You can track a MAC address to the address that it's given by the DHCP server. Fixed address assignment just like we have with IPv4. We can assign our address to the device based on its MAC address. DNS server assignment is a lot easier with DHCP v6. And it's a lot easier to push down dynamic PTR and quad A records when you're running a DHCP v6 server. The cons are that it's complicated to implement. It's also the client compatibility is mixed at best. What I mean by that is how many people are on Macs in here? Okay. DHCP v6 works awesome on a Macintosh if you turn it on for your interface. Goes out, it'll get an IPv6 DNS server, it'll get a fully advertised address from the DHCP server and works great. I run Debian, I have to do modifications and all sorts of other stuff to get it to work in Debian. It's not terrible but I don't really need to do it. The reason I don't need to do it is I've got auto configuration. The pros to auto configuration is set up as much less complicated. Almost all clients support it out of the box. Less system overhead. The cons are that you can't track the address. It's based on the Mac address. So unless you're saying for an enterprise and are really concerned about that, I wouldn't worry about it too much. Also we have limited ability to do DHCP, excuse me, DNS server push down. There are protocols available to do it, however, and it's also included in the auto configuration specification under another RFC. But you have to run demon software on the client to be able to accept that. Okay. Now how many people here think you need a IPv6 address DNS server to do IPv6 connections? Anybody here think that? Well, sorry. You're wrong. If we can, it will return both the quad A which is the IPv6 record and the A record which is IPv4. So in essence, if you're running dual stack and I don't know anybody in this room that would implement without that, all you really need is your IPv4 name servers. So if I was to do DHCP version six, I would need to have the I have a couple different choices. I have the ISC DHCP server and the client or wide DHCP server and client. In all the implementations that I've used, as a matter of fact, we're running a IPv6 DHCP server on the network here today. I use the ISC DHCP server. Now it's important to note this. If you're running a DNS server or a DHCP server, it doesn't matter. Sorry, I hate acronym. Because you have to run a completely separate demon for an IPv6 DHCP server. It's a completely separate program. So you're increasing overhead. Just another reason to do auto configuration. For auto configuration, you have to run some sort of demon on your router. Anybody here use Quagga? All right. Got one person out there. I happen to like Quagga because we were kind of a corporate level ISP and I do a BGP and stuff with Linux routers. So works awesome. And it also emulates Cisco command. So it's fairly easy to transition into. We also have the router advertisement demon. This does the same thing. Although it doesn't have the routing protocols. It strictly is for auto configuration. And we have the RDNS SD client. And that's a client you have to run on the tunnel broker routing a slash 64 that tunnel broker is routing into our router with. We're going to use auto configuration and we're going to use Quagga to advertise the addresses. And we're going to do our firewall supplied by IPv tables and IPv6 tables. It was IP tables not IPv tables. It's been a long day. That's even better. Okay. Hardware. I use regular PC hardware. I happen to like Super Micro because I think it's price right and I get good support for Linux from it. You guys are welcome to build this on anything even build it on a tower if you want all you really need or two interfaces. We have a little box that we use a lot that is just strictly designed to do purposeful things like routers and firewalls. But any of these will work. How many people have created a tunnel tunnel broker. All right. So the screen should look familiar to you. You're going to go in create your tunnel. It hopefully will come up automatically with your end point. Allow you to select the end point that you want to connect on their side. You're going to create the tunnel. But it being but a boom. You now have your tunnel. You have your end point IP address as well as their end point IP address. You have their end point IPv6 address and your end point IPv6 address. They offer you any cast DNS servers if you want to go ahead and point towards their servers. Most of the time I think you're probably running your own DNS server caching server should rain of links firewall maybe not. If for whatever reason you're running your ISPs DNS servers and they do not support IPv6 lookups. You can use these. It also gives me a slash 64. I don't even have to ask him for it anymore. It automatically gives me that that I can run on my network. And if I click under example configs it's going to tell me what I just need to cut and paste into the command line to bring up that tunnel. We have any questions so far. OK. I'm sorry. Nobody. OK. All right. So we're we can do this to test everything. But eventually we're going to want to make it so we can auto boot the system have it come up with a tunnel and everything else automatically. So this is what we're going to modify on our firewall. We're going to add the IPv6 tunnel to our Etsy Networks interfaces file. We're going to add the IPv6 routed network to our interface file on our inside interface. We're going to change our IPv6 routing setting in our CIS CTL or CIS CTL.com file. We're going to install if we don't already have it on and configure the Quagga Demon for auto configuration. And I'm going to show you how to change the VT YSH pager so you don't have to hit the space bar every time you go in to make configurations. So hopefully everybody here is familiar with this file. And what we're going to be doing we've got our outside interface or E0. Here's our inside interface with our reserved IP address that we're running Network Address Translation on right now. We're going to add IPv6 as an iNet6 static address and that's the one that we got from Tunnel Broker for our endpoint or excuse me for our network. I can try. Is that better? All right. Okay. We're having some fun now. Okay so we're going to go ahead and add the IP address or the IPv6 address stack to our internal interface that this is going to be our router address for our internal IPv6 network. And we're going to just set the net mass to 64. And we're going to create a six in four tunnel adapter. And this is all. And by the way I promise these slides will be up. Okay so you'll be able to steal this. Excuse me. Use this. Patent pending. No. Anyway. Microsoft. There we go. Anyway. Getting back to where I was. This particular setup I've also added the up command down here to set the default route to go out this tunnel. Okay. We have any questions so far. Yes sir. Yes. That's correct. And that's a really good question. What size shirt do you wear? What size shirt do you wear? You wear a large? Give me a shirt. Here. All the way in the back. Keep going. There we go. All right. And the hand. Okay. So now we're going to go into our Etsy CIS CTO dot com file. And we're going to go ahead and we're going to uncomment the net dot IPv6 dot com dot all dot forwarding equals one. Yeah. I know. Cool. All right. Once we've done that, if we haven't already installed Quagga, we can do an app get install Quagga. That's all tips. Okay. Once we've done that, we're going to touch the Etsy Quagga zebra dot com file. And we're going to change the ownership to the Quagga user for that file. And we're going to echo this export command for the btysh underscore pager equals more because everybody here probably runs less, right? Yeah, because I misspelled it. Thank you. Give the man a shirt. Then once we get this export in and I'll fix it before I put them on zebra as in a zebra. Nice try though now. But keep thinking. A little bit of history. A matter of fact, I'll give you a little bit of history real quick. Quagga used to be called zebra. Okay. And I'm not really sure why the name got changed. Maybe Africa had patented the word zebra. I don't know. But anyway. All right. What we're going to do is we're just going to echo this into our Etsy bash dot bash RC. And this changes the pager for the btysh interface, which is kind of like a shell interface for Quagga to more. So you don't have to, it doesn't have to end every time you type anything in. Okay, it'll act actually like a pager. Then we're going to go in and we're going to edit how many people here use VI? Oh, no, no, no. How many people use Nano? Oh, use Edlin. How many people remember Edlin? I had, I had a guy tell me one time that he wrote his senior thesis with Edlin. I hired him on the spot. Anyway, fired him two days later.  Anyway. All right. So we're going to edit this file. It's called Etsy Quagga Demons. And this is specific to a Debian. Okay. We're going to change zebra equals no, we're going to change it to yes. Okay.  This is a tool to do it with. Once we do that, we're going to reboot the machine. When we reboot the machine, we're going to log back in. And at the, after we log in, we're going to type in the command btysh. And it's going to give us a new command. We're going to type config terminal. Does anyone look familiar to anybody here? Absolutely. It's just control dash p. Yeah, you could. The reason that I, the reason that I have a heavy reboot is so you log back in. So you get the export that we did for the, yeah, I mean, yes, you can do it without rebooting. I always get people that ask me that. Dude, it's a router. Get over it. What's that shirt you wear? Yeah, my shirt. But you like pink? He give it, he give it. Okay, where was I? Anyway, we're going to type in interface eth1. And we're going to turn off the suppression of the router advertisement on that interface. Okay, so by doing that, it's going to start saying I'm a router. I'm a router. Come send me your packets IPv6. And we're going to add our network discovery prefix. And this is the internal slash 64 that we got from tunnel broker. And we're going to exit and write and exit T. I seem to remember a company using this interface, but I can't put my finger on it. Anyway, warning, you now have a fully functional IPv6 gateway and there is no firewall. You need all the devices on the network when they go and get their address now or wide open on the internet. So what do you think we should do now? Think we should do a firewall? You think? All right. This is like my simple, simple, simple IPv4 firewall. What's that? Can't see where you're looking. All right. What's I sure if you wear? Okay, so all I'm doing up here guys is I'm flushing the current rules, right? Because I'm going to reload the whole thing. I'm deleting any tables that I may have created along the lines. I just want to start with a clean slate. What I'm going to do here is I'm going to go ahead and accept anything that comes into the local loop adapter because it's only going to get something from the local loop adapter. I am going to accept every ICMP packet that comes in on my network. Oh my God, it's a router get over it. We use ICMP to communicate with other routers, whether we like it or not. We can do adjustments on what packets we accept. But at the end of the day, it needs to be available for people to run tests as well. Okay. And you know what? If you really want to block it, be my guest. But I truly recommend you keep ICMP for your router open. Now, this is on my input chain. So this is only for my router. Now, but you are right. You can see I got this forward rule here. But we're also we're a network management company. I do a lot of diagnostics. So the bottom line is this.  And we do use real addresses on our desktops because we do a lot of kind of strange stuff. But I want them to be able to ping it. And in today's bandwidth with today's gateways, and especially to run a Linux gateway, it's gonna be pretty hard for them to ping a desk yet. Now, if you run a Windows server, I guess you should protect that.  So anyway, yeah, so my recommendation is run ICMP. We can argue about it all day, but I don't want to do that either. Right here, I've got an interesting rule. I'm allowing protocol 41, which is the six and four tunnel from Tunnel Broker. So I want to set that inbound on my outside interface, which is E0. And then of course, everything I trust everything on the inside of my network. How many people trust everything on the inside going out of their network? Yeah, like I said, it's a really simple firewall. Okay, where I, you know, we could go through all sorts of stuff, but I want to want to make sure that you have something to go with it. Now, simple enough, I'm going to allow input of only established and related packets in my external interface, and I'm going to drop everything else. Here. Here's my post routing. I have a static IP. So I don't need to use masquerade. I'm going to do a SNAT to my source on the outside for everything that goes out my E0 interface. And now at the bottom, I'm going to forward everything that E1 or my internal interface wants to forward out to the Internet. Like I said, simple firewall, you guys can go chase your protocols later. And I'm going to allow anything that's established and related back in. And I'm going to drop everything else. Any questions about this? Remembering I already explained the ICMP. All right, great. So what are we going to add? Well, for IPv6, we're going to have to clear the same rules. Only differences. Look at the table that's missing. We have no NAT table. Okay? Yeah. All right. You know what it is? It's got my finger over a little button there. What's that? Another typo? Right. Okay. All right. It is probably a typo. Oh my God. Yeah, manage, manage. All right. Who did it? Who said it? At what? What size shirt? Medium. Or we have large and extra large. You want large? All right. Okay. So yes, it's mingle. All right. Okay. Oh, for God's sake. Okay. Now let's go ahead now and take a look at our loopback. We're going to do the same thing with IPv6. But we're going to specify each and every interface that runs IPv6. What's what interfaces conspicuously missing here? No, don't look. You may find another typo. I'll just tell you. The interface that's conspicuously missing is E0 because we aren't going to get any IPv6 traffic on E0. We're only going to get it in our tunnel that exists on E0. Okay. Now the reason that we do this for every single interface is remember I told you about the IPv, the link local address and how you have to tell it what interface to go out on or it won't make a connection. Same thing holds standard for this. Okay. All right. Now we have the IPv6 input rules. Here's the four. On the six. Pretty much the same thing except I've added these two rules right here for two multicast packets. Okay. Two multicast ranges. The reason I'm doing that is those are router discovery multicast ranges. We need to accept those packets. Remember we have no broadcasts. We only have multicast with IPv6. So it changes the model. I once told somebody that the worst thing about IPv6 is you think it's IPv4 with more address space. Where it really is it's another protocol that's a lot like IPv4 but if you make the assumption you'll end up hitting your toe with a hammer. All right. So and we're going to also down here allow input that is related from our external and everything else we're going to drop. And this is only for input chain. Okay. Then we need to set up our forwarding rules and this is what we actually had for forwarding on IPv4. And it's pretty much the exact same thing. Of course the only difference is the interface. Oh and gosh. Let's say I want to run some services. I had a web server or something. If I was running IPv4 I'd be doing pre routing commands to push it back on port 8 back to my local reserve address. And then I I want to a lot back in from this standpoint on IPv6. What do I got to do. I got to permit the ports in. That's it. Nothing more. No worries about network address translation. We're good.  Oh on IPv4. I can do that. This is coming from an ISP that fights about giving static addresses people. I'm sorry. Anybody got questions. Yes sir. From the router yes. But let's let's see that we're we get a phone call from some pornographic magazine store saying that somebody on your network ordered four thousand dollars worth of pornographic magazine.  You probably going to want to know at the time that order took place who had that IP address. That answer your question. That's a good question. What's I sure you are. Yes. Can you say a little bit louder so everybody could hear access control list. Yes. Quagga supports pretty much all the commands that you're used to in Cisco for ACLs routing the whole nine yards. I could have put the route the fault route in Quagga. Okay. If I wanted to. Did you have a question. I'm sorry. Any other questions. Yes sir. IPv6 what. Well it's kind of did now but well so with IPv6 and look I come from an ISP background. So you can you can get your own address space. All you got to do is pay Aaron if it's that important to you. And I don't argue the point actually I believe in the three six current I only read at one place I didn't read anywhere else so but it's on the Internet's got to be true. There is code that is being incorporated in the kernel to do one to one net. Which is along the same lines of transitioning the prefix. Okay. So there's no chance out there. Let's be honest I hate net. Okay but in the world we have net. And there's a lot of people that want net and there's a lot of people have concerns in what you do. And the industry drives the consumer drives what the industry does. Right. So just yell real loud at your vendor. All right. All right. So another question back there. Oh my god. Oh and how are you. Yes sir. No and it doesn't. What shirt size do you wear on. You're next to large over there. Yeah. And all in the shirts going to cost you. You telling everybody what range they need to permit. But wait. I permitted the whole network. No slash. Yeah. I want the shirt. No. More questions. Yes sir. Excellent question. Okay. Yes. It's all the same with the exception that routers are allowed to advertise that they are a router. So you like well no because network time can be a broadcast as well. So no it's a multicast conversation between the client and the router. And it's a I get calls all the time when somebody has multiple routers the first time they set this up. They go I've got five default routes. Well yeah you do. You know and if one fails guess what it's going to our fountain boom you're going to be on the other outbound.  I know this guy should that probably love everybody here know what VRRP is virtual. OK basically it allows you to have multiple routers and a default route IP address that moves on the inside from the different routers based on whether it's talking on the outside or the systems up. So it's for redundancy. Virtual redundant routing protocol. I got that one right. Oh OK. Virtual router. Thank you. What's that. Oh you already have a shirt. Oh would you like a shirt David.  See them. These guys are scale volunteers. OK. How many people know that exactly exactly. This is a 100% volunteer supported show. Everybody that you see walking around the staff badge or a jersey or that answers your question is doing it for free. They're doing it for fun and they're doing it for open source. Any more questions. Yes sir.  Actually has I believe authenticated router advertisement that's not incorporated into Quagga although what keeps them from popping any device up on your network. What keeps them from popping an art bomb up on your network. Hopefully you trust the people on your network. Yes sir. I love Cisco. Yes of course. Yes. Missing shirts. Oh my God. What's your shirt. Can I what.


Welcome back to my YouTube channel you guys today I'm going to be doing a curriculum clean out and I'm going to finally finish up my record keeping for My daughter's fourth grade year So I have my tote right here of like all of like my old curriculum some curriculums I may be saving for my younger two But I'm just so ready you guys to finally put fourth grade away Finally finish off this homeschooling room so I can close it Enjoy the rest of my summer before we have to like kickback start like our new homeschooling year Which is really really soon we have about two more weeks before we are going to kickstart our homeschooling year So I'm so so so excited So while my husband has the kids outside on the splash pad I'm going to go ahead and take advantage of this time to go ahead and clean out like all of my old curriculum Finish record keeping so I'm going to take you guys along with me, and I hope you enjoy today's video Okay, you guys here is the tote of all of the stuff I have to go through I have some of my preschoolers like all of their art from playing preschool that we did And I have to figure out like how I'm going to store this art right here because I definitely want to keep it This right here is Brielle's big project that she did this school year on African mammals And I need to figure out how I'm going to save and disassemble this Trifold and put it like in her records because I don't want to get rid of it I already took a picture of her with this poster board for her records But I'm going to figure out like maybe I'll just save the little trifolds of like all of her work And put it like in sheet protectors for her records, but that's what I'm going to do as well another one I have to figure out is how I am going to record and save this Human body poster that she did because she did such a good job on this one I'm thinking about taking a picture and possibly Saving some of the organs and then like throwing it away. I feel really really bad, but we do have the memories and Yeah, I think that's what I'm going to do for that, but for right now I'm about to set you guys up and we're going to go through this tote And I'm going to get this done Some of this stuff is like work braille did that I didn't know if how I wanted to save it or if I wanted to save it And then I have like all of my my preschool stuff that's over here work that they either completed Um extra workbooks and things like that. So I think I'm going to start over here with brewery stuff So we finished fix the grammar and we actually have the next set But this is just my teacher's manual and I'm thinking about um I'm either thinking about like giving this one away just because um I don't think I will reuse this particular one and by the time it comes time for me to like Use this one again with my older two. Um, I don't know if we will end up using the newer versions that they have So I think I'm going to get rid of this one. So I'm going to put this right here I have our language lessons for live and education. You guys we barely touch this one um because I found rod and staff so I think what page Did this go up to that we stuck that I think it's about this page. So what's that only page 81? So I think I might give this one away as well. Someone put that as my giveaway pal I also have This is christian light education. Um, their language I was really searching for a language arts curriculum last year when um, The good and the beautiful didn't work out for brewery I was just like on a man hunt you guys. So I picked up these light units, but We never got to using these as well. These are just the first 401 and 402 light units So i'm going to put this in my pal to give away as well So I have those to give away I found this first language lessons and I was just looking at it just because I think I picked this one up for like two bucks and I was just like, oh, let me just see what this is about Uh, just to see if this might be something I might be interested in using for my younger too, but I don't think this is the style I want to go for when teaching them Like grammar and things like that. So I think I'm gonna put this one for my giveaway pal I don't feel like I'm at a loss because again, I found this at a thrift store for a couple of bucks. So Uh, no loss. We're waiting out thrift store thrift books. I found this for a couple of books I also have sax and math k Um, I think I'm gonna keep this one. I am not going to use this sax and math k with my um Four-year-old with Leia next year when she does kindergarten I actually already picked it out her math curriculum and you guys I'm not gonna leave you on a cliffhanger I'm just gonna show you what she's gonna be using so right here is all of Um Leia's curriculum that I had picked out for her kindergarten year If we get to this stuff sooner, we will but I went ahead and I picked out Kate snow, kindergarten math with confidence because we're actually doing k snow's um Pre-schooler math at home. So I just wanted to continue with the series and I found this one on sell on amazon They was having it on sell for like 30 bucks. I think right now it's priced at 55 again So I just went ahead and picked it up and I have it here ready to go So I have like all of her kindergarten stuff ready to go for uh, Leia so that is the math we're gonna use but I think I am still going to go ahead and hold on to this sax in because you never know Um, and I don't want to get rid of this one too soon. So this is my key pal So I do have a becca arrhythmia taken here as well um, these right here are just like the teacher keys that I have right here and I think I'm going to give these ones away as well Um, and I have the lesson plan So I'm gonna put this one on this side for like giveaway I have the um What is it? I do have the speed drills like the actual student workbook that um, Brielle worked out of and I think what I'm going to do is I think I'm going to rip out the pages I want to save and I think I'm just going to go ahead and add it to this um giveaway pal because I mean somebody could use the rest of these worksheets in here and I think I'm going to do the same for The textbook as well. I'm just going to rip out the pages. We already did I already ripped out some of her sample work for her like binder that I keep at the end of the year And I will show you guys that in a little bit, but um, I'm going to just rip out the rest of her work and I'll probably just um Throw it away Just because I do have the samples that I do need for her records and then I'll just put this over here as well Um, because somebody can use this you guys like, um, I know someone can now these are workbooks that Brielle like actually completed This was her fourth grade uh spelling skills. She completed these uh reading tests We did these as well this writing notebook. We didn't really get far into it. Um, I can Let's see. Oh, I already ripped out the pages So I can probably just put this in giveaway because these are all blank pages Somebody can use that and then this grammar one We worked out of this and I don't think that I can give this one away because we worked a lot of these So I think I already took out the samples that I want for her binder So I might go ahead and just discard these because I can't keep everything as much as I want to keep like all of her workbooks I know it's going to be a lot for me to keep over the years So I think I'm going to go ahead and put these ones right here in the trash because I did take out what I need from those Now this is Brielle's uh writing staff that we actually used throughout the school year This is her spelling and where's her other one her spelling and this is her writing staff right here that we completed throughout the school year and I think I'm going to keep these because this is like her work and they're just a small composition So I'm going to keep these because I do want to keep some of her work So I think I'm going to keep these so this is going to be keep Where am I going to put my keeps up it? Okay. I think I'm going to put it right there and Here goes some of the good and the beautiful math that we did this year as well I pulled out the samples that I want from this one. So I don't think I'm going to keep these I don't know you guys like I can't keep everything. So um I think I'm going to throw this away because I did keep the samples that I liked. Um I don't know. I don't know So I think I'm just going to put this right here It may be the pages that I ripped out from the math I can just keep as well just for a little bit because I'm not too sure Now as far as this I explore the code she didn't get too far in it So I'm going to put that in a giveaway pal I have my planner of everything that we did throughout the school year I think I'm going to keep this so let me put that right there And what are these odds and ends? Oh, these are the last lessons of the good and beautiful mammals We didn't finish and here goes the rest of her worksheets that I used for rotten staff I picked off the ones that I liked um Why should keep them when I should throw away?  So I think I'm making I'm doing pretty good with this I think I have a good idea of what I'm going to keep Which is pretty good. I'm going to keep in that sax and k and the rest of this I'm giving away this right here. You guys is just also like some of briel's work in here as well This is her work from third grade that I didn't want to throw away like this one. She did in the third grade. Um What else let's see? Yeah, this is all of her a becca arithmetic three and some of the concepts she did last year So you guys I just don't know like how much to keep so I guess I didn't throw away the whole a becca book I just kept some of her lessons as well from last year that we did in here um So yeah, I don't know you guys like I don't know If I'm just going to keep all of her work I think I might because it all fits in here because I'm kind of scared to throw it all the way so Yeah, now as far as leah stuff goes you guys, um I think these workbooks right here I might go ahead and save leah. She didn't really like these. I tried these These are what your preschooler needs to know from core knowledge. These books are so cute you guys I did a couple of lessons with her in this But she really didn't like it that much. Um, I don't know if I should save it for alana Um, but I don't want to get rid of these just yet. So I think I am going to put this in the key so So far so good. All right I'm going to get rid of these because I laminated these sheets and I just went ahead and bought another like Printing book for them to do so this is definitely going to be like a trash bin I have my purely preschool.  You guys doing these units. Um I don't think I'm going to keep these because I have the digital files So I can just always reprint these if I want to do it again with my younger ones So, um, this is just an easy print.  So Um, maybe I might just keep the visual cards. I'm not too sure but I know I could this is an easy reprint for me Um, these are just like some dollar cheapy. Um Target books I got last year. I got sucked into that dag on $3 section and all these books right here. You guys I didn't even use so I'm going to put these in the giveaway section because I don't think I'm going to use these and Uh, my my four-year-old, she's not really a worksheet type of a girl And if Alana likes worksheets, I can just always repurchase them because they're you know, they're a book So yeah, so this is like my giveaway section Now I have some of Leia's work. She did this school year all of like her coloring sheets and stuff like that Um, here goes like her number pads that we did. She really enjoyed this one as well. Um, I think I'm going to uh trash these we had fun with them. Um, and yeah So sad, but I am going to go ahead and keep like her coloring sheets that she did because It's so cool. Like seeing her progression As uh, she's went through like coloring. Um, and learning how to like color in the lines And I think this is like a really cool thing for me to keep for her record. So, um, Leia she did really really good Learning this skill because like these are like some of her beginner ones and then you know to this is like Uh more recent one. So She's really mastering that skill and then here goes some of Alana's sheets right here that uh, my two-year-old did She's still scribbly But I think I want to keep these along with all of their work that they did from playing preschool But these sheets I think I might go ahead and throw these ones away for her.  I'm just going to go ahead and keep them as well It's not too much.  I'm going to show you guys in a minute So what I'm going to do is I have these little file folders. I'm just going to label Fourth grade and third grade. These are just like extra math and language arts sheets And I'm still going to keep them I decided also to you guys to go ahead and keep all the workbooks that she actually did So here's the other workbooks too that she actually did Um, I'm just scared to throw stuff away you guys So I'm just going to keep it at least for a year or two of these workbooks that she's like Partially or completed all the way and I'm just going to keep them as well So I have everything in this entirety of all the work she did Also, I saved the samples that I like So I think I'm just going to do that because it's it's really not too much These are like the last two things that I do need to follow in her binder And I'm going to show you guys how her binder looks in just a second But for right now, let me label these and get these in Tied of the tote as well for my records and extrovert Oh you guys I forgot to show you these are actually like Brielle's piano and her music units that she went through through Healthman Academy She went through unit six on this and these are just like her piano music sheets and things like that Um, I don't think I'm going to keep these. I think I'm probably going to throw these away But I did save her certificate for when she completed each unit. So um, yeah I think I can toss these babies right here as well Okay, you guys So this is actually the binder that I keep all of like the records I want to keep for brielle for her school year. I just try to at least pick a few samples For the state of georgia. I don't have to keep any records But just because I want to have something to show her growth I just decided to take a few samples Maybe like two samples for each subject each month and I fell it away So that ends up being like 10 sheets per Subject and everything fits really nicely in this too I think this is like a two inch or two and a half inch binder And each year she's going to have one of these. I do have her third grade one as well Um, these are the last two things I need to follow away, which is her spelling from fifth grade and these um extra supplemental uh Reading comprehension test. Okay, you guys this is inside of her binder I have like the signs that she held out for her last day of school first day of school This is my georgia intent to home school So I have to cover that up because it has like all of our personal information on it. But um here, let's see We can start off at this page right here. So this page right here. It has like all this the curriculum we use Um, I broke it like week by week everything that we did and I typed it up So um, that is what all of this is right here Um, I also have again some of the curriculums that we use in samples Even if we didn't complete them all the way. So this is a becca I have some of the samples that she did for a becca and I also have some of the sample test right here as well This is a simply good and beautiful. We did as well in our first semester And then I have some samples and then I have the assessments that we did at the end Now this is what we did second semester sackson And then not only for sackson the only thing that I'm keeping so far is like her test that she did for sackson So, um, that is in here as well This is extra math her scores from that when she logged on the app This is language lessons for a living education that you guys seen earlier And this is some of the samples that I wanted to keep And this right here is a rod and staff The worksheets and I pulled out the samples that I wanted to keep for her worksheets and I just went ahead and just threw ring hole punch the test that we used for last year Here goes one of her book reports I wanted to keep here goes fixit grammar her student notebook I am keeping um, but what I did was I just copied off A couple of her pages that she did From that student notebook just to like show progress And then here goes when she typed up the whole fixit fix it a nose tree Story here goes some of the lessons we did from the writing workshop from the goodness beautiful I saved as well and she typed up some of her paragraphs as well for these. Um, that's what these little things right here are and spelling So this right here is all I have to add is just this spelling and the reading test and what else is in here I also have her stuff from a black history month when we or this is when we did martin with the king day unit I put these in here some of her watercolors her paragraphs her black history months pictures and her bibliographies that she did I have all of those in here. Um Then I have science in here as well. Um, this is all the science that we did She mainly did like interactive notebooks and things like that So I have those aside saved as well but here goes some of like her sheets that I saved in her quizzes that she did And what else is in here some of the stuff we did from mammals I have in here and this right here I saved because this is for me to Take off her things from her project and I'm going to put it in here And this is amazing africa we did and some lessons from live in art lessons Hey guys as I officially put my fourth grade homeschooling year to a close It looks like on the outside that we just had a bang in bomb homeschooling year I feel like we did great. Um, but I'm going to definitely challenge myself In this upcoming year to really do homeschooling a lot different than how I did it these past couple of years I was public schooled and I feel like I've had like the public school mindset going into homeschooling And this year I want my portfolio for my daughter to look a lot less bookworky And I want to see a lot more hands-on projects A lot more art a lot more Just a lot more of that creative side that I'm seeing coming out of my daughter I want to challenge myself in the methods and the ways that I'm going to teach my kiddos Um traditional homeschooling. It's nothing wrong with it. It works. Um But I just want to challenge myself to do and really take full advantage of this homeschooling opportunity that I have with my kiddos and um If you guys seen my last video seeing all of the changes that I made within my uh homeschool curriculum I'm challenging myself My model for this homeschooling year is to not seek a higher education through academic excellence and rigor But to work towards diligence and interest-led learning of writing art poetry music and nature And you guys I specifically wrote this goal down because I want to follow it. I'm going to type this up I'm going to put it in a place in my homeschool room where I can see it So when I feel myself wanting to grab more worksheets or grab more work work, I can remind myself of this model Okay, you guys, I just want to give you a quick recap on everything I'm actually keeping so this is Brielle's completed Fourth grade binder that I have everything in it all of her subjects Now these are all of her notebooks that showed you guys earlier all of her Workbooks she did and I ripped out all of the pages. She did in every last one of her curriculum that I didn't file in here Also, I do have the rest of her interactive notebooks. This is the one that she did for science Um, this right here is her africa notebook that she has This is her mammals notebook that she did from the mammals unit. We study This is her daily writing creative journal that I save right here and I also have her Big thing a fix-it grammar and all of like her creative writing that she did for The school year. I have it in this Little file fold right here and it just is labeled Brielle's records So, um, yeah, so I pretty much am keeping everything But if something was ever to happen and someone needed any type of like records, I will give them Uh this binder, but I do want to save her work and I think that this is manageable. I didn't like go overboard I think that uh, this is a pretty good pal for me to save for her for fear So this is the tote you guys already seen this. This is brielle's, um human body poster I just couldn't throw it away.  So yeah, you guys I am all finished. I have officially gotten rid of or I've put away all the curriculum that I am going to get rid of give away Um, and then also too I have organized all of the rest of brielle's records as you guys can see Um, I didn't have it in my heart to like get rid of everything I really want to like hold on to some of the stuff just a little bit longer. Um, but yeah You guys also too. I really want to make like a homeschool home tour So you guys can kind of like get a feel of how this room looks. I know in my videos You see like bits and pieces of it But I do want to like make a dedicated video for you guys showing you like our new homeschool space because We have been utilizing this room a lot more than we have in the past. So, um, I do want to make that video for you guys So I really hope you guys enjoyed today's video. I know it's a lot different from my normal ones Let me know if you want to see more videos like this Where I show you kind of like behind the scenes of like my homeschool and things like that But um, you guys as always, thank you so much for watching and I look forward to seeing everybody in my next one. Bye