Ευχαριστώ για να είμαι εδώ, my name is Van Gaely's Cookies, θα μιλήσω για τον Cinephal. Cinephal, που είναι ελληνικό για το cloud, but ok, that's more or less a standard name for a cloud stack, is a complete cloud stack over Google Ganetti. Have you ever heard about Google Ganetti, have you ever used Google Ganetti? If you heard about it, that's even better. We have a few introductory things about it. And then there's an excellent talk tomorrow afternoon by Michele, who is a member of the Ganetti team, and you can learn all about it. So Cinephal is our cloud stack. We've written a thin cloud stack over Ganetti. Our motivation was a public cloud service that we've built and we've run since 2011. I work for the Greek Research and Technology Network. It's the Greek Research and Education Network. It's the ISP for Greek universities, essentially. We provide a public cloud service for researchers, for students, for professors, for the IT departments of interconnected institutions. The service has been in production since July 2011. It currently runs more than 5500 virtual machines. It has more than 3500 users. In total, we've spawned more than 160,000 VMs. We've spawned more than 44,000 virtual networks. These are pretty good numbers. I mean, I don't know if you have experience with running a public cloud service, but these are pretty good numbers. The presentation is going to be about the software that we've written to support this cloud service, our experiences, and how you could perhaps benefit from this software. If there's anything you may want to ask, if there's something that doesn't make much sense, please feel free to interrupt me, ask a question, and we'll talk about it at the spot, okay? So, what were our choices in building the OKNOS service? We want to build an Amazon Web Services-like service.  One important difference, which is not what most people expect from a cloud service, we want it persistent to the VMs, the VMs which would survive hardware failures, the VMs which wouldn't be volatile, which would be there, which would live migrate between physical hosts, for example. Our clients would be the network operation center of our university. They want to run their mail server on us. How can they do it if the VM disappears when a physical node goes down? How can you do it over commodity hardware? So, production quality, infrastructure, the service, everything we would write would be open source, everything that we have written is open source right now. A super simple UI, our users are students and researchers which don't actually have prior exposure to cloud technologies. How easy is it for them to build a virtual machine and work on it? And how can you do it? What kind of software is there? How can you combine open source components to build that kind of service? Why is it difficult to build a cloud service? Because you need to be stable, you need to have persistent VMs. Many people will say that VMs in the cloud world are cattle. You've got a thousand cows, they go out in the field, they do whatever they do, then they bring milk for you.  But this requires the applications to be written in a very specific way. This puts all the weight on the shoulder of the application developer. When they start to use a cloud service, they expect their VM to be there. They expect their mail server to continue running if something happens to a physical node or to a part of the data center. How can you do it? The VMs are pets, people love them, treat them, take care of them.  They care about them, they have feelings for them. So that's how we feel about our VMs as well. These pets should run over commodity hardware. You can't scale if you have to buy big storage arrays which are single points of failure, if you have to buy big networking equipment. We wanted it to run on as much commodity hardware as possible. Scaleability, the obvious need and manageability. How do you upgrade the infrastructure? How do you roll out upgrades? How do you upgrade the kernel? How do you upgrade the lower layers? Has helped us immensely in that regard. So how we did it and the components about which I'm going to be talking for the next half an hour. We built our own cloud software, we call it Cinefo. This software runs over Google Ganetti. Ganetti is software for managing clusters of VMs. We use DRBD, replicated storage solution over two nodes for managing the actual disks of the VMs. We also use Cef and the the object store of Cef, Rados. The decision is up to the user. We will discuss about how different workloads need different kinds of storage on the cloud and we decided to implement the OpenStack APIs for our cloud platform. So if you have an OpenStack client, if you have a library that speaks the OpenStack APIs, you can actually come and talk to Cinefo. We don't share OpenStack code. We only implement the specification of the APIs and we've tested our implementation against Jclouds, for example, and it works. More about that later on. We support whatever virtualization Ganetti supports, Ganetti runs over Zen and KVM. Our production our production uses KVM. Most of the things that we test we test on KVM. But the components we use they've been tested over Zen as well, but we don't run Zen in production.  This is a graph of the number of virtual machines on the service since when we went in the production which was around August 2011. The service proved to be quite popular. The graph is a bit obsolete because the counting stops at April 2013 this is about 4,000 VMs. We are about 5,500 VMs right now. It's a pretty big number. We run on about 200 physical nodes. Now the question that comes to mind is why not use a very well-known cloud software. I'm sure you've all heard of many well-known cloud software out there. Okay. There are many reasons for that. I'd like to make a comparison between the best known software OpenStack and our approach. So in building the service we recognized six distinct layers. All the way at the lowest level is the hypervisor. The hypervisor manages a single VM. KVM creates a VM. Then there's the node layer. Some software that knows that there are many VMs on a single node. Then there's the cluster layer. There's some software that knows that there are many physical nodes and there are VMs on these physical nodes and they can migrate from node to node and so on. Then there's the cloud layer that knows that there are many users. There's sharing, there are many clusters. There are relations among users. This kind of thing. Then there's the API specification and then there's the UI. We believe there's a big difference in the mindset needed to implement the cluster and load layers and the cloud and upper layers. There are two different worlds. It's a different thing to manage virtual machines to have to do locking, to do migrations, to do process control, to do all these kind of things and it's a different thing to implement cloud APIs. To do the web stuff, to do JSON, to do XML, to do multiple concurrent processes, to do users, resource sharing, ACLs. You need different skillset and in our approach you need different code. We chose, yes. This is a CPU oriented approach. You mean it's a computer oriented approach. Yeah. But you also said it's a CPU storage and network. We followed a similar approach for the storage part in the sense that we offloaded some very hard stuff to either hardware or to rados for example and then we implement the storage APIs in a much thinner, much easier to debug, much easier to deploy layer. I have more about that layer but it's a compute centric approach. So we choose the OpenStack specifications and we choose KVM for the low level hypervisor and then OpenStack kind of crosses this management barrier and you have the same software, you have the same database holding data for all your VMs and if you want to do migrations you go right into this very specific database which holds data on who's the owner of this VM and how many resources they have and I don't know what kind of image this VM was created from and so on and so forth. These are two distinct things. You don't want the same kind of software for doing both of these things. You don't want to upgrade everything at once. How do you do that? What happens with your VMs when you do that? How do you upgrades from the Bexa release to the Cactus release to the Diablo release have worked? We have been able to keep VMs up and running since 2011. The same VMs have been running apart from, let's say, power failures since 2011. We did database migrations for our software and distinct migrations for the GANET software and this has kept our operations running smoothly. So at lower levels you need software that does VM handling, VM management and GANET is great software for doing that and has been developed since 2006. So it's mature, it knows its work, the administrators can use it independently of our software and our software implements the cloud layer and the user interface layer. That's the main idea of what we do. And it makes things much simpler. If something is buggy at the upper layers, the administrators don't care. The VMs are still up and running. They can immediately tell if the problem is GANET based or Cinefo based. Guess which kind of problems appear most frequently, but anyway. They can upgrade things separately. They can trust the low layer and they can experiment with the upper layer because the upper layer is a much faster changing layer. Cloud technologies evolve constantly. But they can have the trust that the VMs are going to be there and they're going to be up and running. So at this point I'd like to do some live demonstration of the basic concepts of the software so that you know exactly what we're talking about later on when we go under the hood to discuss exactly how these things are implemented. Okay? So I have my virtual machine here. It's running Ubuntu and this is a demo installation for software. I'm already logged in anyway. Let me log out. You can actually go right now and have your own account and play with the system if you want to. So I'm logging into the system and I'll go check out the storage part first. An important concept which I didn't mention. Cinefo provides for unified handling of storage for files, images, snapshots and eventually volumes. We'll discuss about how this happens later on. This is a storage service. I've got my containers here. I've got my directories here. This is all implemented over the OpenStack Swift API. This is a web-based client for the OpenStack Swift API plus custom extensions for sharing. Okay? I've got some nice images here. I can view them. It works. Right? And I can also share files. I can say I want to add a new user. Do I know any users? Let's add this user. Okay, so this user has read only access. Or I can also share it publicly and have a public link to have everybody who knows the link download the file. This same mechanism for sharing stuff I can use for images and snapshots. Because the images that templates that VM get made from and the snapshots of VMs they all get stored inside the same storage system. Files are being shared with me. And there is this user here images at demo.cinefo.org that shares big 13GB files with me. These are the actual images that VMs are being built from. And these are just files on my storage system. If I move to the VM part this is a web-based client that implements the OpenStack Nova Cinder and what else? Glance APIs. And I've got a VM running. This is a Windows 2008 VM. We are running Windows in production. Windows installation get customized from start to finish administrator password disk resizes, everything works. You are given a password, you can log into your VM instantly. So I'll go create a new machine. These options here are the images I can use to create this new machine. And these options here are the files that I've seen before enhanced with metadata like what I can use and what's the description of the image and things like that. So I can go create a Debian VM for example a Weezy VM. And I've got system images which are images provided by the administrator. I've got my own images which I can upload over the storage service which means I can use the syncing client which provides to only upload the differences of a previous image I may have uploaded. Imagine uploading 10GB images over your DSL line or your cell phone connection. Have you ever tried uploading an image over such connection? How can it work? It does work because it only uploads the differences of some previous images you or other users may have uploaded. I'll talk more about it later on. These images are shared with me, nothing. And these images are public. And if I try to use the image that has been uploaded by another user I'll get a big fat warning that you know this is untrusted that you better know what you're doing. So I'll go create a Weezy VM. The system masks me what kind of hardware configuration I'd like to have for my VM and I also have a choice of the storage layer. I can either do standard DRBD stuff. My data will be replicated on two physical nodes. Cinefo does not care about the storage layer. Cinefo uses whatever GANET supports. GANET supports multiple storage layers out of the box. Right? Standard is DRBD. In this specific deployment we've enabled local LVM based storage we've enabled lock devices over rados standard DRBD and we've enabled our own custom storage layer to do very quick clones over files on the storage part itself. So the user uploads an image and no data get moved for VMs to be created. We use the exact same blocks if that's what the user stage wants to do. Let's create a standard VM. I can inject my SSH keys the infrastructure will take care, Cinefo will take care of injecting the keys inside the image. This will happen in an isolated way because this is untrusted user data image data and the VM is being created. I've got initial password that's it. Now the infrastructure will copy image data from the storage part to the actual disks because this is DRBD and this is going to be a long running server this is going to be a mail server so it makes sense for the user to ask for this kind of storage. What if it was it's taking the queue for a bit longer than it should do anyway what if it was a volatile VM what if I wanted to start 10 or 20 VMs it wouldn't make sense to create the must-dbd VMs right? It should start. I don't know why it's not starting. Anyway I've got other nice views like this one here and it should start I don't know why it's not starting perhaps the system is a bit busy right now Anyway let's move on and it will start. Networking we can do current version private networks, layer 2 networks multiple ways of using them how can you do a thousand or two thousand or five thousand virtual networks over physical infrastructure do you use a different VLAN for each user this can scale our very expensive Cisco Nexus switches cannot scale over 300 or 400 VLANs over all trunk ports so how can we do it it's pluggable it's the genetic side, we have pluggable implementations I'll talk more about it later and this has started so let's see what's going on it copied the image this took about 13 seconds and then it starts a special customization VM we can actually see it as it happens to customize the VM and insert passwords and files and enable users and so on and the machine is up and running right so I can connect to it and see that everything works and this is my machine now let's create an Archipelago machine this time I'll do a thin clone I'll provision the volume as a thin clone of an image nothing changes except that no image copying is actually going to take place the volume will be provisioned instantly and then customization is going to run starting image copy at 13 minutes 52 seconds the image copy is finished why? because no copy actually took place and imagine doing that for 10 or 15 or 20 VMs actually you don't have to imagine because I have a demo from the command line that does exactly that this is the user dashboard this is provided by the identity component we've got multiple identity methods I'll talk more about them later let's see how I can access the system I have a keystone URL essentially and I've got a token I'll use the command line client we call it Kamaki to list the servers I can have a is this feasible? I'm not sure let me change it to something more appropriate is it better? this is a list of the virtual hardware configurations I can have so I'll pick this one here which is a small archipelago machine 1 cpq 500 megabytes of RAM 20 gigabytes of disk I'll have a look at the images that are available for me to build the VMs I'll use this one a nice whiz machine so I'll create 10 machines from this same hardware configuration this image and I can even inject my ssh so I can login afterwards and it doesn't work because I should have said server create and Kamaki will take care of issuing the end creation requests and I see that the web interface gets updated we didn't even have enough time but it happened anyway the VMs get created pretty fast all requests are issued in the queue and even while machines are being initialized, other machines are running this happened in like what 5 seconds machines are already running I've created a virtual cluster about 10 machines in what's 1 or 2 minutes over archipelago over our custom storage infrastructure and finally 3 machines remain building 2 machines remain building anyway, I'll destroy everything now how does this all happen and there's another demo we can run in half the time from the development version of the software that can also do snapshots and then clone this snapshot into a running VM so how does this all happen GANETI manages VMs GANETI comes with support for multiple storage backends out of the box it supports LVM, DRBD local or shared files let's say on NFS it supports the rados block device our group has actually contributed the support to GANETI it supports the external storage interface it supports the administrator to write a small set of custom scripts to manage any kind of external storage storage array this has also been contributed by us it's easy to integrate with GANETI there's a nice remote API over HTTP and that's what Cinefo uses that's the overall view of the architecture this is Cinefo on the cloud layer the compute part manages multiple GANETI clusters the storage part has either an NFS or a rados backend and these are pluggable, they are distinct drivers so we've separated the cloud implementation from the lower level cluster implementation and rados for example your question takes care of managing the lower level objects and replicating them and so on the administrator always has a side path to go manage the VMs you agree with that? no everything works as GANETI knows how to make it work if you choose a DRBD backend for your VM GANETI will choose a primary and a secondary and you can do all the replaced disks and whatever you may need to have the VM up and running our administrators go and manage the DRBD from this side path every day and we'll know anything about it as nodes go up and down our identity component you can log in with a standard username and password it has LDAP integration it has Sheebleff integration if you want to do federated logins Google ID, LinkedIn, Facebook first-party providers we've written these as proof of concepts they work, we've actually enabled them for our demo infrastructure you can go check them out there's a single dashboard for users to view quotas their profile, enable or disable authentication methods and so on our compute component is a thin layer written in python and Django over Google GANETI over multiple Google GANETI clusters all the networking implementation is a separate pluggable part that's implemented with scripts around GANETI we've actually tested and run in production virtual networks as distinct physical VLANs virtual networks over a single VLAN with filtering based on MAC addresses that's a nice hack and we've also integrated a custom VXLAN solution again without Kiklaves the compute part knowing it's all pluggable inside GANETI so the compute part you mean what the VTEP is what the virtual endpoint is and why it's sit on the host we've tested with a user space implementation it was a more or less proof concept thing and this runs on the hosts and it uses multicast to control to find out the virtual turning endpoints it uses multicast for endpoint discovery at this implementation no, we haven't run this in production it's our own implementation pluggable inside GANETI but I'm talking about this to point how one can plug distinct implementations the administrator can even write custom scripts very easy stuff to plug into GANETI without the cloud layer or even GANETI itself knowing how do we interact with GANETI when new requests come we issue them to GANETI clusters when things change on a GANETI cluster either our requests take effect or the administrators manage the VMs we are notified, Cinefo is notified and the way up to the user information flows and the user can see the effect of their requests or of the administrator's requests our storage part files images, snapshots everything is stored on the storage part everything goes on the storage part is chopped up in blocks of 4MB and these blocks are content addressable so we can do efficient partial file transfers on the client side if everything is content addressable the client can hash local data can ask for the creation of specific files on the server and the server only has to reply with the missing blocks right, I mean I want to create a 10GB file I want to upload a 10GB file I need it to comprise these hashes the server replies I've got most of the file I only miss this and this part the client only uploads the missing parts this happens with files and images and this can happen in the opposite direction for downloading a snapshot perhaps for an offsite backup or something it's this part here we've got two drivers one is an NFS based driver so you can use your existing infrastructure one is a Rados based driver so you can run over SEF now how does it all tie together with volumes and how do we do thin clones over such images this is the image of a VM it's a frozen VM state and then we spawn it into a VM and then the VM has a life of its own and then we can freeze it back into an own image but it also comes down to storage we've got a snapshot of a root disk and we clone it and then we can snapshot it back into a frozen disk plus custom data how does it all happen over commodity hardware why do that because I'm a researcher I want to run a parallel application on 10 or 20 nodes I can spawn all these nodes over a single golden image that I have created and uploaded partially these are the virtual disks of 2 VMs and they are they contain multiple blocks every disk is a linearly addressed set of blocks how do I go from these blocks to my storage whatever that may be we've chosen to use Rados in production but this wasn't always the case we used to run over NFS for a while because that we felt was more stable for us why if you have some sort of other storage solution how do you go from virtual disks to whatever storage solution you may have we've written a custom layer we call it Archipelago that maps from these blocks to individual objects on the storage layer if it's NFS it's files on NFS if it's Rados it's objects on Rados and you can migrate from one storage solution to another by migrating these objects without the VMs knowing and the actual maps the actual information of how these blocks are mapped to objects it's also stored inside your storage part this is a the current code I think does not have support for this but there's no design reason why not to do this you could yeah so this is a more technical view this is the compute part of the cloud this is the storage part this is the Rados cluster the monitors and the Rados storage nodes the VMs and the actual file contents they are both stored as objects on Rados and the users can upload their image have it become objects on Rados and then we thinly create the volumes that the VMs use but more or less it Archipelago is unified storage for files images and volumes being created from these images and then we can snapshot a machine back into a file that the user can view, can download can copy, can share, can do whatever the user likes to do this is the URL for the software you can read documentation you can download it, you can try it out if you want please provide any feedback if you actually do try it out and another feature that's under development right now is snapshotting so let's go see it work on another development installation this is an installation of the development version of the software it hasn't been released yet I'll use two distinct accounts one is my gRNET account the other is my Gmail account to demonstrate snapshot sharing I'll create a new virtual machine this release has support both for images and snapshots and again snapshots are either system provided my own stuff that other people share with me or public cloud and because we have the same storage layer we can reuse the same code and we can reuse the same sharing mechanism so I'll create a new Debian machine I don't have to write down the password because I've already injected my ssh keys the machine gets created almost instantly it's done so I will connect to it and go do some sort of provided I can copy and paste properly so I'll connect to it and I'll do some sort of customization say I'll go mess with the message of the day and I'll say this is a I don't know volume to be snapshot it welcome ok that's my machine now I've made some sort of custom change I'll come back to the compute control panel and I'll create a snapshot of it and this snapshot will have a name it will have a description like I want to share this with my grnet account I'm logged in with my gmail account right now it will have a nice name and that's it the snapshot got created now where does the snapshot leave the snapshot get created instantly because you just have to copy them up the snapshot leaves on the storage part so I could go and sync it in a dropbox like manner we have syncing clients you put your own files, images whatever into dropbox you download your own snapshots and this is the snapshot I just created it must be this one so I can go share it and reuse the same mechanism that we use for any other kind of file and I share it with my other account now I log off the system login with my other account and predictably go create a new VM I had already tried this before that's why there is a VM already so system snapshots none, my own snapshots one from a previous invocation that's not the one that I just created shared with me this is the one I want to use there's a big fat warning do not do this if you don't know what you're doing it's shared by my Gmail account I'll create the machine when my machine is done it's up in what was 14 seconds I'll connect to it takes a while to boot and this will be a clone of a machine snapshot it by a different user made from somebody who the snapshot got shared to or at least we hope that's what's going to happen and the system shows that this is actually a clone created from a snapshot that another user shared with me so that's more or less it are there things you'd like to talk about are there things you'd like to ask please feel free to do so we have an administrator's guide we have a quick installation guide on two nodes for example it's based on squeeze currently we have the repositories they contain squeeze packages instructions for installing, verifying the operation and eventually having your own compute and storage cloud in one or two nodes and we also have a live CD that you can download and run if you want to test out the software instantly it's all on cinepho.org I think I showed the URL the place so it should work but everything that doesn't work please contact our support mailing list and tell us that doesn't work yes please it depends on the kind of migration achieved you at the GANET level if you live migrate the VM before the physical node goes down then nobody's ever going to notice anything because GANET will take care of live migrating the VM to another node the VM will keep all its state will continue to run happily it may miss one or two packets over TCP or something that's it if the physical node goes down because you've pulled the power plug then you cannot keep the state because there is no mechanism currently that you can run in production that will keep the CPU register synchronized among nodes but then you can ask GANET to fail over the VM to another node so the VM will boot in a few minutes or something but you can't imagine the kind of performance that running as a virtual CPU synchronized over the network I mean the RBD synchronized storage over the network and it has quite some latency right I can't imagine live syncing CPU registers over the network I mean there have been research approaches but I'm sure nothing like that runs production currently any other question this is an infrastructure as a service cloud so if you snapshot a virtual disk and then you create new virtual disks from it there is no way one could synchronize the contents of virtual disks that have their own life with the contents of the original virtual disk because it's all blocks I know nothing about the VMs the infrastructure does not have any direct access inside the VMs the infrastructure cannot SSH into the VMs so there is no way we can propagate block changes there is no way we would like to propagate these kind of changes because stuff would break horribly Exactly Of course and then SSH into the nodes and you install stuff and you use puppet and then you're happy we've got software that's called Cinefo image creator that will analyze your system it will find out the distribution that you run and where your root file system is and what kind of users you have this cannot work because it won't allow you to create a virtual disk from a snapshot that's 4 GB it will never truncate the disk if the disk is bigger if you have no metadata about the snapshot it will just fill the first 20 GB of data let's say and leave the rest empty if you provide the metadata for the snapshot if you say that this is the root file system and it's a Debian machine you can resize your disk so that it fills all the space yes please no that's the good thing Ganetti only knows about VMs it knows nothing about users nothing about the relations between VMs nothing so you can use any Ganetti management tool you like we prefer the command line but there are other graphical tools let's say Ganetti web manager you can do whatever you like as administrator Ganetti keeps its own state it's not kept in our database it has its own state keeping mechanism and it takes care of synchronizing this state among master candidates as they're called in Ganetti it's super easy to scale linearly just by adding Ganetti clusters we're running about 15 clusters in production right now if we had the hardware that's our main problem right now we can scale linearly let's say 30 clusters you just say I want to add a new backend you set up your cluster that's it any other question we run 15 clusters in production right now that's how we scale and you can have distinct clusters with distinct performance or quality of service characteristics you can route your users to let's say clusters that are SSD enabled or that run one core per VM or for routing specific users to specific clusters and it's interesting I forgot to mention this I should have mentioned this running Cinefone production combined with Ganetti we were able to do rolling hardware and software upgrades we upgraded kernels, we upgraded Ganetti itself we upgraded Cinefo the users didn't notice I mean they did notice when Cinefo was down but that was just a control path the VMs from data center to data center we abused the Ganetti cluster to span both data centers at this point and the VMs left Intel machines and found themselves on AMD machines on a different data center we did on-the-fly migration from NFS storage to RADOS storage because they're just objects that Archipelago manages we renumbered all VMs imagine this kind of things happening on an open stack or other deployment what kind of hacks you have to do in the database for example I've heard a few horror stories I've never actually run OpenStack myself in production I'd like to hear more about your experiences with that of course do I have how Cinefo would compare with OpenStack I mean the approach I prefer the Ganetti approach because it's more self-contained it does a simple thing it does it more or less perfectly it does what it promises is other people's problems and you can treat them separately if you have a single software that spans everything from the hypervisor all the way to the user it's much more difficult to manage that's what our experience has been from evaluating OpenStack in the early days and now and running in production but I hadn't actually run OpenStack in production so we were too afraid to do so essentially but yeah but all these modules are around Ganetti they're again self-contained and then do a very specific thing so if something breaks you more or less know where to look so how do you scale you add new Ganetti clusters why is that good because you can have different network and storage backends for different workloads and this choice goes all the way up to the user and that's more or less it if there's anything you may want to ask please find me after the talk and we can discuss all about it thank you for being here


Say cheese Thank you The dog food for mr. Kobe All right All righty, should we go? What are we gonna do today? What are we doing? Let's go to the car. Oh, thank you. All right Where are we going today? Addie? They'll put your cup in there You gotta get in Where are we gonna go?  I will barely any and Since we got these new Zulu water bottles, she's been drinking a ton more I really have I Is really good. Also if the quality is different of this vlog is because we're using a different This is we're using this This camera the m50 so it's interesting. I don't know if I like it as well. There's a much We'll see you get it. We're all right. Do you want to get in? We are We are at Aldi We'll go grocery shopping. Is it grocery or groceries? People say groceries, but I don't know We have we have our list right here And we're doing it. All right. I'll follow you. This is what we have so far We'll pull cart full of groceries Still gonna add more and we're gonna check out. So yay. Well, we made it With all the groceries I'm gonna put it inside. Do we just put away the groceries?  So let's go two hours later Me and Ethan both got our haircuts as you can see Ethan show the haircut. Let me see come here Let's see the haircut.  Where are you at towel people? Where are you at right now? You're at you're at school, right? Where are we right now? He's shy. We're currently at a school over there. So we're gonna drop him off. We are in what's up. I See you We're in the drop-off line waiting. So I'm married a vampire Everybody have a good day Good bye have a good day at school Bye, buddy. Bye, buddy two hours later brushing the teeth Buddy Let's go bedtime. Hey guys, so as I'm editing this vlog right now, I realize I didn't film an ending Do you want to see Kobe? This is Kobe He's a quirky He's a little scared Okay, I didn't film an ending to this vlog. So this is the ending also Thanks for watching and thank you for liking and subscribing all that good stuff as you can tell by the way I sound I've been a little sick the last three four days. So it's been fun. It's been a blast But thanks for watching the vlog and we'll catch you in the next one. Peace


Don't try to rely on willpower. You know, if you're struggling with something in your trading, if you're struggling with some type of discipline or some type of thing that you're trying to accomplish, whether it's maybe you keep taking position sizes too big, or maybe you start taking trades that are not high quality setups, or you start taking, you know, you're trying to force trades because of some reason.   I think it's a huge deal when you can create something that's gonna make a positive impact on your life going forward. And once it becomes a habit, then it just becomes part of who you are. You don't have to think about it. It's like blinking, it's like breathing. It just becomes a part of who you are. And this is not just for trading.  And that's what we wanna do, right? We always wanna be growing. We always wanna be getting better. And this is one way to help you do that.


Let me revisit this this radius option again for just a second. You need to be mindful about what you set this at in terms of how large the number is or how small the number is and you need to need to associate that with the relative size of the population center you're dealing with. For instance if you run a radius of one kilometer and you do it in downtown Manhattan you're going to end up with thousands upon thousands of media responses so much so that most of the APIs restrict the amount they can respond with and so you'll only get back a subset of the actual number of pieces of media that exist and you end up with a false negative situation where you didn't actually get all the data that you should have gotten because you set your radius too large. On the other hand be careful about setting the radius too small. Some of these resources will accept numbers less than one such as point one or point zero one kilometers. However I have seen where resources that do not support numbers less than one end up defaulting to a higher number something is 10 something like 10 or 50 or 100 kilometers and that will introduce a false positive situation where you end up getting back a bunch of responses that are outside the collection radius that was defined.


After California went through one of the worst fire seasons in history in 2017, the 2018 fire season is already off to its worst start in 10 years. Since January the first, close to 200,000 acres already burned in California. We'll have the latest with where we are with the wildfires in a moment, but first the July fires are an ominous sign of what might be to come for California's wildfire season. Governor Jerry Brown declaring a state of emergency for what's being called the Klamathon fire. This week state officials traveled to the north part of the state, an area where resources are thin. Well, you can imagine that most rural counties are shorthanded, we have limited resources. And aircraft rule the skies. This fire struck so quickly and it was so devastating in its impact that we needed to get a lot of assistance and support from our federal and state partners very quickly, both on the fire side and law enforcement side. Nearly 2,800 personnel have been deployed to the Klamathon fire in Siskew County. I put a call into, we had great support from the governor and the office of emergency services. On Tuesday leaders from Cal OES, Cal Fire, the California National Guard and the CHP toured the Hornbrook area of the Klamathon fire. They got an update on the fire. Around 1400, the fire had crossed the Klamath River. The governor has been monitoring this incident. And reassured county leaders, they are not fighting this fight alone. We know we have a lot of structures that have been lost, primary residents, and maybe sitting with you to figure out how we can best assist you with debris clearance and sort of the long term issues help you get these communities back up on its feet again. It was a phenomenal response. One day we had 74 law enforcement types reporting for duty. And it greatly enhanced the safety, cut down on the number of crimes and looting. Definitely enhance the public health and safety and probably save lives. So here's a look at the largest wildfire still burning across California at the moment, starting with the Klamathon fire, which has now crossed into Oregon. It is now over 36,000 acres containment up to 60%. Moving down the state, the county fire straddling Yolo and Napa counties now at over 90,000 acres, but containment is up to 86%. In Inyo County, the Georgia's fire holding it just under 3,000 acres, 30% contained. And the Valley fire in San Bernardino County currently at 1,300 acres, 24% containment. For the latest on the wildfires in California, you can go to the Cal Fire Incident page. And for all of us at Cal OES, I'm Brian May. Thanks for watching.


Okay, please give me a moment. It's just starting. Okay. So the record has started. Let's pray together and let's continue. Let me go ahead and say a word of prayer. Heavenly Father, we thank You Lord for this day. Father, we thank You for Your help, Lord. Throughout this journey of studying the book of John and the epistles of John. Father, whatever we have learned, we pray that, Lord, it will deeply impact our lives. And Father, even as Apostle John wrote, Father, about the Lord Jesus, so that we may know God better. I pray, Lord, that everything that we have learned, that it will be more than just knowing, Lord, the story as such. Father, but Lord, it will be a revelation to us, Lord, strengthening us and Lord giving us the wisdom to speak into other people's lives as well. Father, thank You once again. Thank You for the technology, Lord, that this semester You have made it possible, Lord, to share Your Word. Thank You for every student, Lord. Thank You for their lives. Thank You for the call of God on their lives. Continue to equip them, prepare them, Father. And Lord, I pray that they will be Lord thoroughly trained, Father, even as You release them into the work that You have for them. Thank You. In Jesus' name we pray. Amen. Okay. So, yeah, let's get started. In the last class, we completed John chapter 7, which was about the prayers of Jesus. So we saw how we are in the last few moments, okay, last few days of the Lord Jesus being crucified. And Jesus demonstrates His humility by washing the feet of His disciples. He encourages them to care for one another, love one another, be humble. And also we saw His prayers. He prays for Himself and He asks the Father to glorify Him. He prays for the disciples and He wants them to be together, wants them, in other words, to love one another and maintain that spirit of unity. And we also saw that for the believers to come, which would be you and I also, He says that we may be one, so that the world will believe in Him. So these are the prayers that Jesus prayed and we will continue from there. We will see the days. Now, we saw the last supper. We saw how Jesus was prepared. You know, Jesus was prepared through prayer, also through His body was prepared by that alabaster jar which Mary broke at His feet. So He was being prepared in every way. And we also saw how there was a betrayal, a very, very painful betrayal because Judas, one of the men that Jesus chose, okay. He betrayed Him for 30 silver coins and that, you know, it's unimaginable how something like this could happen. So now, let's continue with John chapter 18. In John chapter 18, just give me a moment. I'll open it up. I had some other version open quickly. Yeah. So now is where, you know, you would see the events unfolding. You know, it's like when we study the book of Acts, it's like a story, right? Like this happened and then that happened. So from everything that is going on, we can understand how Jesus is being betrayed and the trial of Jesus will also begin soon. So John 18 is more about Jesus being caught. Okay. And then the trial starting off 19 is about Jesus being tried and Jesus being crucified. Then 20 is about Jesus rising up.  In the book of John particularly, it's about His interactions with His disciples because they were the most important people to Jesus. But we also know from other scriptures that Jesus did not appear only to the disciples. He also appeared to other people. So that is the progression. So 18, 19, 20, 21. And if you're able to touch on all the four chapters, then we have completed our portions. Yeah. So here in 18, this is where we see Jesus going up to a garden. Okay, that garden is the Garden of Gethsemane. And we are told that that was the place where Jesus met His disciples very, very often. So He went there to spend time with them. But Judas, you know, he and he knew, okay, this is the place where Jesus is going to be. What he did was he worked on his plan. Okay, his, you could call it like a wicked plan. So he gathered troops of like sort of, what do you call them, detachment troops that were approved by the chief priests. Okay, so there were troops and officers. He gathered them and he knew that if he goes to Gethsemane, he would find Jesus. And he could easily, you know, get rid of Jesus and he will get the money. So he goes there. So Gethsemane is, I think the meaning of Gethsemane is the press or something, oil press, olive press, something like that. So, but we know that, you know, it's more than the symbolic by the understanding of the name, right? Because that's a place also where we've seen Jesus really waiting in the presence of God and being crushed in the spirit. So it's somewhat connecting, okay, the name of the place and what Jesus actually went through. But in the account of John, you don't read about the prayer of Jesus and all, but over here, directly you see the Judas comes. He comes with the troops and the troops ask the, you know, some, they ask the question. What is it? Once again, the question is, who my, okay, Jesus asked the question, sorry, whom are you seeking? So they answer and they say Jesus of Nazareth. So what Jesus does is he immediately owns up or he confirms to them that I am he, why did Jesus do that? He wanted, it is possible that Jesus wanted to protect his disciples and he did not want them to get into trouble. And also I told us that Jesus had a good sense of time. He knew which was his hour or his hour of being killed. So Jesus at this point, he's not even trying to run away from what is happening because, you know, he could have hidden, right? And maybe that is the reason why Judas brought the troops thinking that in the garden, what if Jesus hides? What if the other disciples hide? So these troops, they also went in with lanterns or lights, okay, to catch Jesus. But it was really something surprising for the troops because immediately when they ask, okay, Jesus of Nazareth, that's the person we are looking for. Without any fear, he says I am he. And at that time, you know, we read in verse 6 of chapter 18 that they drew back and fell to the ground. So some writers, they say that we know that Jesus is fully man and fully God, right? So his glory, in some sense, we don't know exactly how there was a display of the glory of God. But when he said, I am he, you know, something about the deity of God, you know, would have been revealed to the troops. And no wonder they all fell to the ground. It was as if it was a moment of awe and reverence. So they fell to the ground. And then once again, he asked them, who are you seeking? And they said Jesus of Nazareth, okay. So Jesus is being very, very bold and he says, I am he. Therefore, if you seek me, let these go their way. So he is trying to protect his disciples and he is telling the troops to take him and leave the others alone. Now, when all this is going on, you know, you also understand the different personalities of the disciples. So Simon Peter, you know, in a moment like this, we know that he had a zeal to serve Jesus. He had a zeal to follow Jesus immediately knowing that Jesus is in a difficult situation. What he does is he takes a sword, okay. And he charges at one of the people, the high priest servant, in fact, who is part of the troop. So when he does that, the right here of that servant is cut off and servant's name is Malchus. Okay. Now, some people say, why is it that Jesus' disciples, they were carrying swords. So it seems that in those times, that could have been some people who were violent. So Jesus would go to different places and minister, right. So for their own protection, the disciples also carried a sword. That's how Peter had a sword with him for self-protection. But he used it in the wrong way. So what did he do? He went immediately without even asking Jesus in his anger. He went and cut the ear of the high priest servant. Then Jesus got upset with him and told Peter, put your sword back in the sheath. And it also shows us that by this time, we read about the prayer of Jesus in Matthew 26. Every Gospel, if you read every Gospel, you'll get bits and pieces of the story, you know, the way it is being narrated. So over here, we don't see Jesus praying. But Matthew 26, we see that Jesus is praying. At that time, his heart is still in turmoil and he asks whether he can escape the death. But by now, you know, when the troops come, very clearly verse 11, he says, He rebukes Peter and he says, Shall I not drink the cup which my father has given me? So it shows that through prayer, you know, sometimes through prayer, sometimes we are not ready to accept God's will. But when we have spent time in prayer, what happens? We're able to consecrate ourselves, we're able to consecrate our desires. That's what Jesus did. He consecrated himself unto the Lord. And when he dedicated himself unto the Lord, he was willing to, given to the will of God for his life, which was the cross. So he's so ready, he says, Shall I not drink the cup which my father has given me? So at this point, you know, Jesus goes ahead and we know, we read elsewhere that he actually heals the year of this servant called as Malchus. So here John, he doesn't try to go into the details of it very quickly. Like you see, his writing, he is just giving the highlight. So from there, Jesus was taken to a high priest. So from the garden, they captured him, they took him to the high priest by the name of Annas. Annas had a son-in-law by the name of Caiaphas. Caiaphas was the high priest that year. And so from Annas, Jesus actually was transferred to Caiaphas. And then we will see that he was transferred to Pilate. So that is the transition that takes place. And then finally, the Pilate is the one who goes ahead and gives an approval for the crucifixion of Jesus. So now all this is unfolding. Jesus was captured. He was taken to high priest Annas. Annas sends him to Caiaphas. And you could say that the disciples are kind of observing all that is going on. And right now what happens is, you remember when Peter, Jesus wanted to wash Peter's feet and Peter was so zealous about serving the Lord, you know, Jesus told him, I know, I already know about your weakness, Peter, that you are going to deny me three times. So Peter, most likely he was observing the things that were going on and along with John. So here John doesn't give his identity openly, but he uses things like another disciple or the disciple whom Jesus loved. So we can understand that John was also with Peter. So Peter followed Jesus along with John. And we are told that they were in the high priest, you know, that area, that zone, that courtyard. It is likely that John had some connections with the high priest, you know, in some way. Otherwise they would not have had access to this area. Okay, so here when Peter and John are observing what is going on, you know, we see that Peter, one girl looks at Peter and she makes a statement, she's a servant girl, okay, in the high priest's sort of, you know, that, that, his, his courtier. So this girl, she says, you are not also one of this man's disciples, are you? So maybe, maybe when she, the way she asked the question, are you not also one of this man's disciples? Maybe she recognized John as one of the disciples and she's also asking Peter, are you not one of the disciples? But you see, Peter got so scared after seeing Jesus captured, right? And it was that he was observing all the things that were going on with Jesus and it was, maybe he didn't expect their leader to become so helpless, right? Just think about it, you know, Jesus twice in the Garden of Gethsemane, he could have escaped and that was the attitude Peter had, he thought, oh, we are going to get out of this, that's why he took his sword and he attacked, but Jesus gave himself into the trial and maybe Peter was disappointed, Peter was afraid, you know, Peter was worried, looking at the future, if this is what is going to happen to the leader, what will happen to us? Jesus gave himself to the authorities, now let me, you know, escape. We don't know whether consciously he did it, you know, sometimes subconsciously. Without even thinking, we try to escape a place that may be stressful for us. So when the servant girl asks the question, see, it's like, it's dangerous for John as well as for Peter, isn't it? This is what she's saying is, are you not all so one of the disciples? So she knows that John is a disciple, Peter also is a disciple, but you know what, Peter's so scared, he says, no, I'm not, so there he denies Jesus. Again, there was a spot where the servants and the officers, you know, they made fire of coals and they were warming themselves. So we are told that Peter also stood with them. Why did Peter stand with them? You know, it could also be that he wanted to escape, people started recognizing him as a disciple. He didn't want that, so he wanted to escape into a group or a crowd. So that's why he was standing there and over there, again, you know, you would notice that somebody asks a question to him and says, are you also not one of the disciples? And Peter says, no, I'm not. Okay, and third, again, one of the servants of the high priest asked the same question, did I not see you in the garden with him? And again, you know, Peter denies it. So Jesus had told him that before the rooster crows or before it is morning, Peter, you are going to deny me three times and he actually did that. Now, while this is going on, you know, what he observes is that Jesus is being taken to the high priest and over there, you know, they ask, they start questioning him. So Jesus gives an answer there and says, look, why are you asking me all these questions? Have I not spoken openly in the temple and where the Jews always meet? I've not said anything in secret, but you know, he basically says that I've shared everything in public. Why are you questioning me once again? Okay, on the same things that I have already boldly proclaimed. So when he says this, you know, he is beaten. This is the beginning of the physical torture or, you know, the beatings and the physical pain of Jesus. So when he's standing before the high priest, one of the officers who stood next to Jesus and he gave this answer and said, look, I've already spoken in public. Why are you asking me again? At that time, the officer with his palm, he hits him. Okay, and says, do you answer the high priest like that? Do you remember even Paul, when Paul says, oh, I have had a good conscience before God and men. He stands before the high priest Ananias. Somebody comes and strikes him on his mouth. Okay, so very similar experience that Paul had and also Jesus is having now. So somebody actually strikes him. So you can imagine the humility, the humiliation that Jesus is going through for speaking the truth. Basically, he's saying that he hasn't done anything wrong. For that he is being beaten. So when he is beaten, you know, again, he says, look, if I have spoken evil, bear witness of the evil or let there be evidence if I have done something wrong. But if I have done something well, you know, why is it that you're hitting me? So Jesus also is asking for justice. And, you know, at this time when this was going on, maybe, you know, Peter was observing.  Peter and John, both of them, my master is taken and look at the way they are treating him. Somebody just hit him with the palm. So all this would have made Peter really scared. And that's the reason when people asked him, oh, you also must be one of his disciples. He conveniently washed his hands off and said, oh, no, no, I don't know. I'm not one of his disciples. So such are the events of the trial of Jesus. So from here, Jesus is then led. So he was with Anas, the High Priest. Now he is being led to the area where the High Priest Kaifis, you know, looks into matters. That's called as the Praetorium. So the Praetorium of Kaifis is where he's being taken now. And it is early morning. So Jesus goes there and, you know, now finally, you know, the decision is made for Jesus to be tried by Pilate. So Pilate comes into the picture here. Oh, sorry, just a little bit of confusion here, I clarify. So he's taken from Kaifis to the Praetorium of Pilate. He's taken to the Praetorium of Pilate. And over here, again, you know, the way John writes is it's not going to be very long from Anas to Kaifis, where, you know, the striking happens and then coming to the Praetorium of Pilate. Over here, you know, Pilate tries to interrogate the matter. And so he first comes and he asks the people, you know, like, what is the matter? What is the accusation against this man? Then he asks them, you know, if he's not an evil doer, why is it that you have? You have delivered this man up to me. So when he tries to ask the people the question, he does not get a straightforward answer from them. Okay, so he is a little concerned. He tries to convince them and tells them, why don't you take him and you only judge him, but they are not willing. Okay, so the people are not willing and they want basically what they had in mind is that Pilate, if Pilate condemns this man, he would die and that would be the best end to this leader called as Jesus. So Pilate is trying his best to figure out what exactly did this man do that is unlawful. And, you know, anyway, so Pilate looks into the matter. So the Jews, you know, they are trying to sort of justify themselves that the reason why Jesus is there is because he has done something unlawful. So the Jews tell him, it is not lawful for us to put anyone to death that the saying of Jesus might be fulfilled, which he spoke signifying by what death he would die. So they are trying to prove that he is unjust, but at the same time, you know, they do not want to be responsible for the death of Jesus. So it's a little, you know, like they want someone else to do the sin, but they will instigate it. So they are in that position. So they are unwilling to back off. And they also know that they are not able to pinpoint something about Jesus, but now the ball is in Pilate's court. So, you know, finally Pilate is the one who has to decide. So he goes and asks Jesus a straightforward question. Okay, are you the king of the Jews? And you know what Jesus replies, he says, are you speaking for yourself about this? Or did others tell you this concerning me? Okay, so Jesus also is pointing out in a way to say that actually he is the king of the Jews. So how did you find out?  So when Pilate asks the question, that's the way Jesus responds. Then, you know, Pilate is like, he's not very clear. So again, he asks him, what have you done? Please tell me. So Jesus answers back and he says, look, my kingdom is not of this world. If my kingdom were of this world, my servants would fight so that I should not be delivered to the Jews. But now my kingdom is not from here. Jesus gives him the spiritual perspective because the question he asked was, are you the king of the Jews? So he's saying, yes, I am a king, but I am not the kind of king that you think I am. I have a different kingdom. Okay, and basically he's trying to show him that my kingdom is the heavenly kingdom. It is a spiritual kingdom. Then again, you know Pilate is trying to clarify.    For this I was born and for this cause I have come into the world that I should bear witness to the truth. Everyone who is of the truth hears my voice. So then Pilate is just trying to understand. Okay, he's now confessing that he's a king, but what is this truth? He's saying, I've come to bear witness of the truth. What is this truth? Maybe in his interrogation and questioning of Jesus, though the answers were not straightforward, he had a sense that the way the Jews are blaming Jesus. You know, there is really nothing against Jesus to be proved. Okay, so without having all the answers, and you know, when we study a little more about Pilate, we understand that, you know, being a person in authority, Roman authority, he was quite a brutal man.  But in the case of Jesus, he was not able to find fault. The questions he asked, Jesus answered and yet, you know, Pilate is not able to see that there is something worth killing Jesus for. So that is the place where we are at right now.  So he comes up with an idea because the Jews are very, very fixed on their decision about Jesus. They are not willing to back off. So Pilate proposes this. He says, listen, we have a custom during Passover and that is to release someone. So I have with me a prisoner who he is a robber. His name is Barabbas. And also now we have this Jesus and the accusation against him is that he is the king of the Jews. Right? So you take a pic. If you want me to release one of these people. Okay, I could release and in his heart, you know, Pilate was actually thinking that the people will choose Jesus and thereby Jesus will go free. And even before the, the choice happens by the people, we read in, I'm in the next chapter now, John chapter 19. We see that Pilate takes Jesus and he scourges him. Okay, so scourging is it's a beating. We saw earlier that with the palm, you know, he was hit in front of the high priest. Now he's been beaten with whips and in scourging these whips used to have very, very sharp metal ends or they used to have these sharp bone ends. Okay, so Pilate gets Jesus beaten very badly and you know, when, whenever one would be scourged, you read the description of it. It was really a very painful and a very, very horrible experience because it seems those, those metal ends.  It's almost like removing the flesh from off the bones.  It was, it was just a horrible way to be punished. But Pilate scourges Jesus and one of the reasons why, you know, people say that he did that because he was now ready to release either Jesus of Nazareth or King of Jews, which is the accusation against Jesus or he was ready to release Barabbas. Okay, but what he probably thought was this man Jesus, he seems innocent.  So maybe Pilate thought like that. And so when I present Jesus in this way, the people might say, oh, why, why should we choose Barabbas? He's a robber. You know, how about we release Jesus and let Jesus go. So maybe with that mindset, Pilate also got Jesus beaten very badly. And while he was, you know, being beaten and all of that, we also read that the soldiers, they put a twisted crown of thorns on the head of Jesus. So basically, all this was a way of treating the accused with markings. Okay, it's like fun of them.  Oh, come on. Let us put the crown on you. And this crown was the crown of thorns. And we also see that they put on him a purple robe. You know, royalty or kings would wear robes that were coloured because coloured robes are very expensive in those days. Everybody couldn't wear it. So only royalty would wear it. But since Jesus confirmed and said, yes, it is as you say, I am the king, but my kingdom is not of this world. So they tried to make fun. The soldiers tried to make fun of him and they put a purple robe around Jesus. And then, you know, they started making slogans and just started shouting out and saying, hey, king of the Jews. So all this was a way to humiliate Jesus further.  Okay, and I'm sure that day, even the disciples were probably noticing. They were watching the things that were happening to Jesus and don't know what they would have gone through. One is fear for themselves. What will happen to us? But to see their leader going through so much of pain for doing all the right things. See the accusation against Jesus, if you go back and look at his life and try to unearth. Okay, what did he do which is so evil that he has to be beaten like this, that he has to have a crown of thorns. And it seems in the way that they treated, you know, somebody who's accused, it was really sad. They would even spit. So here is Jesus being completely humiliated in pain, in weakness. This is all physical. But you think about his emotional state.  He spoke God's word to these people. And we know that he came for the purpose of redeeming mankind, which includes these same people, these same soldiers. You know, that Anas the High Priest, Caiaphas the High Priest, Pilate, a part of the Roman government. So what pain Jesus would have gone through to see that he was being treated so badly. But, you know, we, when we read Isaiah, we see that he went to, you know, like a lab to be slaughtered.  There's a very beautiful song, right, which says that what held Jesus on the cross? Was it the nails? You know, but it was truly the love that he had for mankind that held him on the cross. It was the love that he had for mankind that carried him through. You know, you see, right, what terrible torture he's going through. And anyone who has made a mistake, who is accused and, you know, truly they've done something. They could even be treated like this and, you know, we might be okay with it. But Jesus did nothing to be treated in this manner. But it was his love for us that he actually went through all this and his obedience, his commitment to the Father. The Father sent him for the assignment of redemption and Jesus, you know, took that up. And so we see that painful trial of Jesus, which is taking place, which is unbearable. When we go into the details of it, when you study the Gospels, when you study also from Isaiah, you know, you realize that he was treated so badly that you could not even make out, you know, his image anymore. He was a normal, strong, Jewish young man, well-built, right? And there are, again, accounts, if you read historically, it says like maybe he was about 511 and quite a muscular person. But being treated like this with scourgings, you know, with thorns. What would have happened to his body, you imagine? But he went through it, okay? And that's why John, you know, what did John say? I witness whatever I have seen, I've heard. I know, you know, I'm sharing with you. I have seen all these things. So John would have also observed all these things going on with Jesus. He was painful physically, emotionally and of course spiritually because on the cross, Jesus was separated from the Father when he took on all the sins of the world. Just for some time, but it was very painful, you know, in every sense. But Jesus was willing to go through it because of his love, because of his obedience.  This is Barabas, okay?  I can release somebody to you. So the whole time Pilate was thinking, this man is innocent. Hopefully he will be released. But you know the crowd, the crowd went mad and they started saying that they want Barabas to be released and they said, crucify him, crucify him for Jesus. Okay, so you know Pilate was in a place where he couldn't do anything because the crowd was against, the high priests, the chief priests were against, the officers and they all cried out together, crucify him.  Now, when we read the other gospels, we also know that Pilate's wife had a dream and she sent him a message and told him, please don't have anything to do with this man's execution.  So now these people, they kind of go ahead and they, you know, proceed with the crucifixion of Jesus.  And for the Jews that was a very blasphemous thing, right? We've seen that and they asked for Jesus to explain at many points. So they bring that up to Pilate and they say, look, this man claims to be equal to God. But, you know, Pilate, he is a little more confused. So he just kind of, you know, goes ahead and interrogates Jesus once again. So he asks him, you know, where are you from? Are you not speaking to me? So basically he's trying to talk to Jesus such that if Jesus stands up for himself, you know, maybe Pilate stands a chance to rescue Jesus. So he goes on again, he asks him, where are you from? Why are you not speaking to me? Do you not know that I have the power to crucify you and the power to release you? And at that point, you know, Jesus says that, you know, you don't have any power which has not been given to you. Unless it comes from above, you have no power over me.  So it's not because, you know, it's Pilate's authority and Jesus was not scared of anybody, even of Pilate. So basically he's saying that this moment has come because the Father has approved of this moment. So he makes it very, very clear. So Pilate, he tries to release him, but the people are again against Pilate and, you know, they try to bring fear into his heart and they say things like, if you don't crucify this man, you know, and also he's saying that he's the king, the king of the Jews. How can you say that he's the king when Caesar is the leader? So if you let this man go, you're not Caesar's friend, right? So as a Roman, obviously Pilate would have wanted the favor of the people and to be known as Caesar's friend.  And the accusation against him is that he is the king of the Jews. Okay, and the people are so ready to crucify him.  Jesus is taken to a place known as the place of Skull, which we know in Hebrew is called as Golgotha. And over there, he was crucified. He was crucified with two others on both sides. And these two others were, you know, people who had done some crimes, but Jesus, even though he was innocent, he was crucified. Okay, in the center. And the accusation, you generally, whatever was the reason for crucifying the person, that would be written on the cross. So here, the accusation against Jesus was put up, which is mentioned as Jesus of Nazareth, the king of the Jews. Or he claimed to be the king of the Jews. The Jews did not like that also. They wanted Pilate to put out there that he called himself the king of the Jews. But, you know, Pilate was least bothered. He was least interested because there was really nothing wrong with Jesus. So they left the name tag like that as Jesus of Nazareth, the king of the Jews. And also Pilate asked for this to be translated into other languages such as Greek and Latin. So, you know, we see here, even in the way the things unfolded in the life of Jesus and in the crucifixion of Jesus, you know, we are seeing that for every language, every person in the world, this Jesus has died for us. Jesus of Nazareth and he indeed is our king. And as Jesus was hanging there on the cross, we read a couple of other things as well. The people around him, the soldiers around him, they wanted to share his garments. They wanted four parts of it and they wanted to sort of divide it among themselves. Okay, the tunic or the garment which Jesus had, there was already, you know, there was a prophecy about it.  But, you know, I am sure you would recall with me that there is a passage which says, they divided my garments among them and for my clothing, they cast lots. So, even in what was unfolding near the cross, we observed that prophecy was being fulfilled. And at that time, Jesus looked at a disciple. Again, here it's not mentioned, right? Pitch disciple. John covers it up again and says, the disciple whom Jesus loved. So, the reference is actually to himself and Jesus from the cross, he looks at Mary, his mother and, you know, he sort of entrusts her to John.  So, he makes sure, you look at the beautiful son that he was. He could have just thought of himself as the son of God. I have fulfilled the responsibility which God gave me, I have fulfilled the ministry which God gave me. Why should I take care of my parents? But, you see here that Jesus was even mindful of his earthly responsibilities even while he was on the cross, right?  So, what was finished? He finished the work that the father gave him to be crucified for the redemption of mankind. And just before he was crucified, we also see that he asked for a drink. This was sour wine. So, somebody filled a sponge with sour wine and then sort of dipped it and then made his lips wet.   Just two more things I'll quickly share and then we can go for a break. You know, we observe that two more prophecies about the Lord Jesus and the events when he's on the cross, those were fulfilled. That is, the authorities sent soldiers to break the bones of the men who were crucified and the reason they would do that is if you break the bones of the people who are hanging on the cross, they would die faster and a more painful death. But when they came to Jesus, they noticed that he had already died. So, they did not break his bones. And scriptures tell us that none of his bones were broken. So, that prophecy was also fulfilled while Jesus hung on the cross. And to check whether Jesus had died or not, they also took something like a sword and they pierced his side and we read that water and blood came out. So, there is another prophetic scripture which says that they shall look on him whom they pierced. So, every piece of the prophecy about the Messiah, his life and what he would do was fulfilled. Once Jesus was killed in this way, we read that Joseph of Arimathea, he is likely one of the disciples of Jesus. But he was which obviously if he has connections with Pilate, he is a rich man. He and also we see the name of Nicodemus here. I remember one of you asked the question, did Nicodemus become a believer and I told you, not sure. But you see in this incident to Nicodemus, he goes along with Joseph and both of them help with the embalming of the body of Jesus. You imagine for a disciple, it must have been so painful because you are hardly seeing the person, you are hardly seeing the body there. It's all beaten, it's broken but they are taking the mer and the aloe and the things that they used to take to prepare the body before putting it in the tomb. They are preparing it and they carried the body of Jesus and they laid it in a garden and this garden tomb, it was of Joseph. It was not used earlier but he just wanted to honour Jesus and that place was the place which was chosen for the body of Jesus. Now usually when people used to die on the cross, the soldiers would just let them be there and the bodies would be eaten by birds, they would be eaten by animals. But because it was very, you know, the Passover, it was that season of the Passover and it was the day of preparation. They did not want bodies to be seen in an untidy manner and that's the reason they were in a big hurry to go and break the bones, check whether the crucified people had died already or not and if they had not died, they would have made sure that the person died and they would have removed the bodies from Golgotha. So that is the sequence of events leading to the death of Jesus. So let's go for a break in 10 minutes, we'll come back. It is 9.53, let's start at 10.03 and I'll cover about the resurrection of Jesus and some of the interactions that he had with his disciples. Okay, so I hope it's okay class, kind of going a little fast. Yeah, okay, all right, yes, great. So let's go for a break then and we'll be back in 10 minutes. Thank you.