All right, I wanted to spend three minutes, five minutes just saying something that's not very newsy and and really demands a bigger show and I'll devote a larger show to it. And that is, but it comes out of some aspects of of the submarine story or the submersible. I keep being told it's not a submarine. It's a submersible. I don't know the difference. I don't really care that much submarine submersible. So be it. You know, and that is that so many people not only are saying things like they deserved it because they were rich to have died, or they should have never been allowed to go into this because it was a dinky, dinky submersible. But you know, people are saying, in a sense, people should not be allowed to take risks. People should not be allowed to take risks. Or it's evil and irrational so people take risks and then they some of them take the next step and therefore they deserve to suffer the consequences, which I think is horrific. But this is one of the biggest problems in our society. One of the biggest problems in our society is our attitude towards risk. We cannot live without taking risk. We cannot thrive without taking risk. We cannot have fun, enjoy life, flourish, succeed, thrive without taking risk. Whether it's financial risk or even existential risk of living. And this is also important for the AI debate. Risk is part of life. We want to understand it. We want to be rational about evaluating it. We want to be aware of the risk we're taking and how much we're willing to take. But a life without risk is death. There is no such thing. And yet we have created a regulatory state. We have created a mentality. And part of this is how we treat young people and children and particularly boys. We've created a childhood where we're denying people the ability to take on risk. And therefore we're denying the ability of people to thrive and prosper and move their life forward. Now, I don't understand why somebody would want to go into a metal tube and go three kilometers under the water. I mean, I can't even contemplate that. I mean scuba diving, I guess. Now, I get that seeing the Titanic under the water would be super cool. Not in my risk reward category. It doesn't even come close. But for some people it does. Some people are worth, you know, it's for them worth taking that risk. That's true of people who skydive, which is not particularly risky, but I would never do. Rock climbing, which I don't know what the risk factor is, but it looks super scary, flying a rocket into space or into semi space or whatever they call it. I mean, or taking a quote untested vaccine. Like, I would have taken the vaccine in August COVID vaccine. That's how much trust I have in biotech. And I figure the risk was small, young, healthy. So me if I was 75, 85, I would have jumped to take the vaccine for COVID vaccine in August of 2020. But no, I mean, what's particularly insane right now is that people who used to think we don't need an FDA are now saying, oh, the FDA approved the COVID vaccine too soon. Really, with no FDA, we would have had a right to try and you could have signed a disclaimer and signed your way and a waiver and you could have taken the vaccine much earlier in a free market without an FDA. I mean, the precautionary principle, the environmental movement, the regulatory thing about you can't build this, you can't make that, you can't do this because it's risky. That nuclear power, the fact that we don't have nuclear power, all of these are consequence of society's negative attitude towards risk. And that negative attitude towards risk has come across in spades over this submarine issue. People should be free to take risks with their own lives. And whether you evaluate it rationally or irrational, people have a right to be irrational. I mean, this submersible, I mean, the owner of the company was in it. I would consider that. I mean, I always think when I fly in a plane and I think bad thoughts about flying in a plane, oh, the pilot doesn't want to die, right? So the pilot's going to do a good job. He's not because he doesn't want to die. Right here, the owner of the thing was piloting it and it still imploded and killed them all. I mean, at least they died probably fast and they didn't have to suffer through the slow torture of dying slowly from suffocation. So this issue of risk tolerance, we've got to allow people to take risks, experiment, push the envelope. That's how civilization advances. And yes, civilization doesn't advance by somebody climbing the Everest. But it's that mentality of somebody willing to try to climb Everest and go for it. It's that mentality towards life of living life to the fullest in a sense, if those are your values. Now, again, there are irrational risks that we don't want people to take, but it's their responsibility. If we start capping it, restricting it, limiting it, we're going to live in a, not a stagnating, a declining civilization. We're going to end civilization. Civilization is built on the freedom of individuals to take on risk. Yeah, we can judge certain of those risks as irrational.  Thank you for listening or watching The Iran Book Show. If you'd like to support the show, we make it as easy as possible for you to trade with me. You get value from listening. You get value from watching. Show your appreciation. You can do that by going to iranbrookshow.com.  Also, if you'd like to see The Iran Book Show grow, please consider sharing our content and of course, subscribe. Press that little bell button right down there on YouTube so that you get an announcement when we go live. And for those of you who are already subscribers and those of you who are already supporters of the show, thank you. I very much appreciate it.


Well, as I often talk about, one of the best things you can do for your health is uncouple your mitochondria. There are many ways to do this, like eating pistachios, swallowing polyphenols, taking MCT oil, and ice bath, to name a few. But one of my personal favorite ways to uncouple mitochondria, and that is support our longevity, is regular sauna use. This has become even easier thanks to my new infrared sauna. Saunas are widely available and may even be free to use at your local health club, so they're a great option for temperature-induced hormesis.  The brand I decided to go to for my personal use is Sunlighten. They have been committed to helping others with their products for nearly 25 years, really long before the sauna craze was even heard of. Now why do this? Well, first of all, these saunas have great benefits. Number one right up on the top of the list is uncoupling mitochondria. Using temperatures you might experience in a sauna can uncouple your mitochondria. First of all, the heat. Hormesis is a short-term stress that also has healing benefits. The word hormesis first got coined from Nietzsche's famous line, that which doesn't kill me makes me stronger. So hormesis is using a stressor to get a benefit from that stressor. And heat actually stresses your mitochondria. The weak ones or the non-functioning ones die off while the others uncouple and divide. And there's excellent studies to show that this happens. Now sunlighten saunas are proven to raise body temperature by up to three degrees in human clinical studies. But it's the near-infrared exposure that's really exciting. A paper in the Journal of Phytochemistry and Phytobiology explained that red light therapy might increase the number of mitochondria via multiple mechanisms, including mitochondrial and coupling. Now exercise will uncouple mitochondria. Multiple exercise seems to globally stimulate mitochondrial and coupling, leading to a remodeling of skeletal muscle cell physiology. But infrared saunas sessions raise your heart rate and increase circulation. And this replicates a cardiovascular work. We turn passive cardio. In fact, blood flow during infrared sauna use may raise from a normal rate of about five to seven liters or quarts per minute to up to 13 quarts per minute, 13 liters per minute. Basically a doubling of your cardiac output. And this is human studies. Now an additional benefit that many people have used sauna for generations is that it can loosen up your muscles. Now red light and near-infrared light can help build muscles and decrease inflammation and oxidative stress. The heat of infrared increases circulation and blood flow. Now obviously red blood cells carry oxygen and nutrients to the site of a strain or inflammation, which actually helps create new blood vessels and tissues at the site. So the more red blood cells that get delivered to your muscles, the quicker they rebuild.  Now there's more to it than just that. A study conducted at Auburn University of Montgomery showed a sunlight and impulse sauna can increase your flexibility by up to three times. Benefits in the study showed an increased range of motion, including joint mobility, less friction in the joints, and diminished stiffness and joint relaxation. Again, a published study in humans. With his increase in flexibility, you can expect a decrease risk of injury because the less stress is placed on the muscles if moving properly. Now all of this can have energy boosting effects, including helping to alleviate fatigue symptoms, mostly because of its ability to support circulation and dilated blood vessels. In one study of patients suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome, symptoms were dramatically improved after 15 to 25 sessions of thermal therapy. Why? Because among other things, red and near-infrared therapy support mitochondrial function and the efficient production of ATP through cellular respiration, another published study. Now the nice thing that I like about infrared saunas, they operate at a much lower temperature than traditional saunas. And with a sun-lightened sauna, you don't have to wait for the sauna to heat up because the infrared energy makes you heat up rather than the air around you heat up. This temperature difference allows you to leave the sauna feeling refreshed rather than drained. In other words, you get to enjoy the experience rather than endure the experience. And if you've ever endured saunas, particularly after skiing or at the gym, you'll know that one of the feelings you get is certainly not one of thoroughly enjoying the experience, but kind of suffering through the experience to get the benefit later. In this case, you actually get to enjoy the experience. And oh, by the way, we can pipe in music in our sauna to really enhance the experience. Now infrared saunas can give cardiovascular systems the same boost as exercising. And that's because your cardiac output goes up, your blood vessels dilate. And that's a great thing. Now when exposed to the stresses of extreme heat, cells engage in coordinated adaptive measures that stimulate them to clean up, repair, restore themselves. And that's what the hormesis response is. One of the benefits of frequent sauna use that's been documented in sauna-using countries is that it appears to be protective against cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease. That's pretty good. In fact, repeated sauna use is shown to preserve muscle mass and countering sarcopenia in humans. Now to do all that, you can spend time in a sauna or a steam room. You can get a near-infrared or red light sauna for your home use, like sunlight. You can take a hot yoga class or, quite frankly, come and visit me in Palm Springs in the summer.  But there's an easy way that I used to use all the time.  Recent studies show that a hot bath relieves mild depression better than antidepressants. In a hot bath before bedtime, it will make you drop your temperature, which will induce a better and deeper sleep. Now get into the bathtub with the bathtub warm, and then once you're acclimated, let water out and add hotter and hotter water. You'll achieve the same hormetic effects as long as you're sweating in the bathtub. Now you hear about cold showers, but it goes both ways. Exposing your body to cold and hot temperatures can support a long, vital life. And get yourself a sauna. I love my sunlight and sauna, but if you don't have one and want some benefits, fill that bathtub full of hot water before you go to bed and watch the benefits. And you may notice that those benefits will translate into you looking into a sauna for long-term use like I did.


John Carlos Stanton joins us nice on the Michael K show John Carlos Michael Don and Peter. How are you today? Hey, what's up guys? I'm good. How are you guys? We're doing great. I was amazed on Friday night. You hit the second home run And you broke the bat. How often does that happen? I Had a few of those in the minor leagues, but I don't think so in the big leagues just yet I just love the fact that you looked at it first and then just flipped away. It had a certain drought drama to it Yeah And I heard that DD had the best shot of it He even told that everybody kept telling Aaron Boone DD who was serving as a photographer had the best shot And everybody was raving about you got to get the picture from him. Oh, I didn't see that Yeah, he said he had a perfect the way you look down at the bat and kind of sneered at it You know a year removed from from the opener last year, you know You come to New York and you struggled early on when you look back at it now How much stronger did that make you as a ball player? It was great for me. I mean all all up and downs you got to learn from them and just get better from so I think that was a good thing to go through And it's gonna lead in this this season right now, you know, so many people, you know I talked to you for the yes network interview We did they talked about well the second year in New York getting acclimated But you brought up something that was really interesting to me that That's the first time last year that you really got a chance to look at these pictures a lot I know there's in a league play but not exclusively are you facing American League pitchers? How much of an advantage is that gonna be this year that you know how teams are gonna pitch you? Big time for me. I mean the you you have an idea of their game plan But if you have the the years and reps on your belt of how they approach you You know, you can you didn't have that much better of a plan So I'm looking forward to it. All right and getting a taste of the postseason for the first time What was that like and how can you use that to motivate you this season? That was unreal. Um, that was like no experience. I've had so Just the buzz in there especially in New York, it was crazy. Um, and just can't wait to get back And it was good. It's good to get a little taste and you know, now we got a solid fire this year What are you looking to do this year? I mean, it's it's almost unfair to you You win the national MVP the last year with the Marlins Then you had 38 and a hundred last year and a lot of people said well, that wasn't a great year That's a great year for a lot of people Do you think the same way because you put up 59 and you won the MVP that that's that's what John Carlos Stanton should be doing? No, I mean, I just based the years on on how was How did I help the team how many how many wins I helped the team how many How was I in situation of my situational hitting etc. I don't really Go at the the final number. It's just how how many how often have I helped the team win is the main It's my main goal, you know Michael talked about the adjustment from the American League to the National League What are some of the things besides I guess that not seeing the pitchers as often is there any different style? Is there any huge differences that we maybe don't notice from league to league? um No, not much. I mean the Pictures usually have a book on guys are gonna approach them the same way You know that you have previous to get them out, you know until you make an adjustment and it's like a the adjustment game but I Couldn't pinpoint a big difference from those It's come up a couple times on the show recently just because of Conversations we were having about baseball and the injury that you suffered when you were hit by a pitch in the face As someone who was always scared of being hit. I mean the reason I was a terrible baseball players I was constantly scared of being hit by the ball. How how difficult take us through that How difficult was it to come back and start staring down the nose of 99 99 hundred mile an hour fast balls again? well When the first couple days out of it, I was like, oh, I don't know where my mind is gonna be When I get there and then you know, I had some time just to develop how how am I gonna? What was the best approach to this so for me? It was just there's no It's kind of like in the minor leagues like there's no failure is not an option That's what you have to go every day like I'm gonna get better. I'm gonna make it to the big leagues I'm gonna do what I can to get their failures. Just no there's no route.  Yeah, it does. I mean I still feel I won't I won't shatter my jaw just break it You know, it's also unusual Jean-Carlo a Factor that a lot of people don't really look at You you played your whole career in Miami either indoors or outdoors where the weather was warm at the beginning of the season Was the cold weather at the beginning of the season last year a factor for you? I'm not fond of the cold playing the cold, but I don't I Don't attest that to to performance. Okay, yeah, we're all out there. We all got the same Got a play in it. So I'm not worried about that supposed to be 52 and sunny Thursday. So that's a good thing. That's cold. That's amazing You know Jean-Carlo, there's very few organizations in all of sports where the expectation is World series are bust right so you feel the pressure of going out there having to win every day Can you still have fun? Can it still be enjoyable to play in that kind of bright light and that kind of pressure You have to have fun. There's that's that's part of it You understand what we need to do and expectations, but if you don't if you don't throw some fun in there Then then what is it?  I don't I don't think anybody's asked you this all be the first one You are always the 325 million dollar man the highest paper. Is it kind of a relief? that you know That's been passed by Harper and trout that now you don't have to be on the top of that list every time they show it on sports I know every time they showed on Fox now. You just young Carlos then I Didn't really worry about that to be honest being on top or getting beat With the record or whatever. I didn't really care about that. I figured it was gonna get beat Eventually and I Wasn't worried about it, but yeah, it is good More power to him and yeah, don't gotta be on top. I'll tell you what though your record lasted a lot longer than Harper's Yeah It's been a long time, but do people still accidentally call you Mike? Oh, yeah, yeah, don't let him Yeah, yeah, don't respond I Will see you Thursday John Carlo. Thank you so much for coming on. All right sounds good


So here is a look at my Nesco food dehydrator and jerky maker everything you see here is what comes with the Dehydrator system got the jerky gun. There are five trays that you can stack on top of each other Comes with some extra trays for extra fine herbs or plant These are good for making fruit leather or jerky. So I got some chamomile on the extra fine screen I got a couple trays of mint. We're going to dry up to make some tea today So once you got it loaded up with all the layers that you want to dehydrate Just put the top on There is a guide here to tell you what temperature based on whether you're doing herbs and spices nuts and seeds fruits and vegetables meats fish jerky set it to the Appropriate heat and just plug it in. I've been using this for several years and it's been working great


What is up you guys welcome back to another one if you are new to the channel I am Gold Pony on the new car truck SUV reviews on YouTube and so having recently reviewed the 2022 Honda Pilot and having previously a few months before that reviewed the 2022 Hyundai Palisade I thought this would be a perfect comparison video to put these two head to head because in my opinion both honestly are great picks I can easily see myself going with either one of these there are of course plenty of similarities between these two as well both are three row options from the respective manufacturer both have naturally aspirated v6 engines and there's plenty of more similarities as well but there are quite a few differences that differentiate these two so in this video I'm going to lay out the 10 key differences what should help you make a decision and by the way if this video does end up helping you make that decision feel free to hit the like button to help me out with the youtube algorithm of course or just hit the like button if you want to see more comparison videos on this channel in general but in this video I am going to go ahead and get started with my number 10 key difference working my way to number one with there being a clear winner at the end being the SUV with the most wins in each category so having said that what do you guys say let's just go ahead and get started with number 10 on my list it's a for my number 10 comparison it is going to be simply the price and so 2022 Hyundai Palisade is going to start at $33,150 now the top trim level for that one is going to be the calligraphy that is going to start at $48,390 then on the other side of things the 2022 pilot big changes for the bottom trim level for the 2022 model year it's actually now going to start at $39,060 which is a $7,000 jump from the 2021 pilot but because they eliminated the LX and EX trims that's why that's happening but top trim level then being the black edition for the pilot is then going to start at $50,620 so having said that Hyundai does have the lower starting price here and also a lower price for the top trim level so I'm going to have to give this one to the Palisade one to nothing Palisade is in the lead then for the number nine comparison is going to be the power differences and so 2022 Palisade is powered by a 3.8 liter v6 291 horsepower 262 pound feet of torque sent to all four wheels through an eight speed automatic zero to 60 time for that Palisade is going to come in at approximately 7.1 seconds then but then looking at the 2022 pilot 280 horsepower 262 pound feet of torque sent to all four wheels through a nine speed automatic zero to 60 time this is quite interesting you guys 6.2 seconds and this is something Honda always gets right I don't know if it's their transmission tuning or what it is but they're zero to 60 times absolutely kill it just about in every category so for that reason Honda pilot is nearly a full second quicker to 60 than the Palisade Honda pilot is definitely going to win this one one to one tie next on the comparison list is going to be the cargo space comparison so 2022 Palisade comes in at 18 cubic feet behind that third row with a total of 86.4 cubic feet with all rows folded then but 2022 pilot gives you 16.5 cubic feet behind that third row and then 83.8 cubic feet with all rows folded so they are pretty similar like I said they both are three row SUVs but Palisade does offer slightly more cargo space than the pilot so I will have to give this one to the Palisade two to one Palisade is in the lead and for our number seven comparison working our way down to number one being the braking comparison is so this one is important because if you have kids in the car and you're more than likely well because this is a three row SUV you do want to be able to come to a relatively quick stop so you don't end up hitting the vehicle in front of you if it were to come to that so 2022 Palisade up front is going to give you 13.4 inch ventilated front discs in the back 12.4 inch solid rear discs as far as that 60 zero stopping distance goes it is going to commit it 129 feet and it is a soft braking feel I do distinctly remember that in the Palisade so it's a little bit on the softer side doesn't quite give you that initial feedback but it is pretty normal for a three row SUV I will say that then for the 2022 pilot up front you're going to get 12.6 inch ventilated front discs in the back 13 inch solid rear discs 60 easier stopping distance is going to come in at 120 feet so about nine feet shorter than the Hyundai Palisade and so both do offer soft braking feels I will say that but having said that the pilot is going to bring you to a quicker stop so once again puts us at a two to two tie done for the number six comparison being the miles per gallon comparison or fuel efficiency comparison I guess you could say 2022 Palisade comes in at 19 city 26 on the highway for the front wheel drive 19 city 24 on the highway for the all-wheel drive then take a look at the 2022 pilot 20 in the city 27 highway for the front wheel drive 19 city 26 on the highway for the all-wheel drive so surprisingly even then the Honda pilot is quicker to 60 it is also more fuel efficient than the Hyundai Palisade by the way both of these SUVs do take regular unleaded fuel as well so pilot is going to win the fuel efficiency comparison putting us at a score of three to two pilot is in the lead then making our way to the number five comparison being the warranty and so this is a big one because this is a pretty substantial difference between the two warranties so Hyundai overall does give you America's best warranty being five-year 60,000 mile bumper to bumper 10 year 100,000 miles on the powertrain 2022 pilot is going to give you a three-year 36,000 mile bumper to bumper five-year 60,000 miles on the powertrain and so somebody's going to say at this point it's okay because the Honda is more reliable so you'll need as much of a warranty but if you actually look at consumer reports both of them are rated an average reliability the exact same thing so if you go by consumer reports it's the same reliability but nonetheless this is an easy win for the Palisade they are going to have a bigger warranty so once again back at a tie three to three it's a moving on to number four on our list being safety and so yet again a pretty large difference and a very important one as well because seeing as you are more than likely going to have passengers in the vehicle you do want to make sure it is a very safe vehicle so 2022 Palisade is an IIHS top safety pick plus which by the way is the very highest designation given by IIHS does come standard with rear parking sensors adaptive cruise control lane keep assist and more and standard airbags plus a driver's knee airbag as well which you don't always get and so on the other side 2022 pilot is not unfortunately an IIHS top safety pick but it does give you adaptive cruise control standard lane keep assist no knee airbag so unfortunately so overall because of that top safety pick rating Palisade is going to win on the safety comparison putting us out of score four to three Palisade is in the lead then make your way to number three on the list being the tech and so 2022 Palisade comes standard with an eight inch color touchscreen display we'll start with that however there is a 10 and a quarter inch screen that is available if you wanted to go that route in the upper trim levels but wireless android auto apple carplay is also available which is brilliant you don't always get that these days and there is also a 12.3 inch fully digital gauge cluster which I personally absolutely love 64 colors for ambient lighting and when it comes to the sound system 630 watt Harman Kardon sound system with 12 speakers then when you're looking at the 2022 pilot eight inch color touchscreen display does come standard across the board it does not get bumped up from that it's just every trim level is going to get that no wireless android auto apple carplay unfortunately but where the pilot does something better here than the palisade is going to be a 10.2 inch blu-ray player for the rear passengers palisade doesn't have that so I did want to reference that no fully digital gauge cluster although most of the gauges is digital on the pilot one color of ambient lighting dependent upon the trim level that you go with black edition is going to give you red and I believe the elite is going to give you blue so a little bit difference there as well when it comes to the sound system slightly less wattage being 590 watts it is a Honda sound system with 10 speakers so overall the palisade has larger infotainment available wireless android auto apple carplay a fully digital gauge cluster 64 colors of ambient lighting and a better sound system and then the pilot is going to give you that rear entertainment system that the palisade does not so overall palisade is going to take the win when it comes to the tech which now puts us at a score of five to three palisade is in the lead instead of making our way to our number two comparison is going to be the rear leg room and so of course you want your passengers to be comfortable and so 2022 palisade for the third row comes in at 31.4 inches second row leg room then comes in at 42.4 inches that's a good bit on that second row there but 2022 pilot actually is going to come in at 31.9 inches in that third row so slightly more room there in the pilot when it comes to that third row but then the second row comes in at 38.4 inches so pilot does have slightly more third row leg room palisade is going to have substantially more second row leg room so to be fair both of them kind of take a win in this category so I'm going to call this one a tie palisade is still in the lead five to three what's it for Alaska Paris and I wanted to compare the interior quality between these two and so 2022 palisade is going to give you nap a leather available a microfiber suede headliner also available on the calligraphy trim level heated and ventilated front seats heated and ventilated second row seats as well and rear window sun shades then as well but then taking a look at the pilot perforated leather seating heated ventilated front seats rear window sun shades and heated second row seats are going to be available so having said that the palisade does add a suede headliner which you typically find in vehicles like BMW Mercedes and just overall luxury vehicles which was insane to see it there ventilated second row seats as well and overall better quality materials in general and just about every review that you look at that is one thing that is always that the Hyundai Palisade and even the Kia Telluride do absolutely amazing when it comes to interior quality so overall that is going to put us at a score of six to three palisade is going to take the win but while the palisade may have won this particular comparison that does not mean that it may necessarily be the right decision for you and so I get the brand loyalty argument if you're a Honda fan trust me I know I was that person for a long time I've owned four Hondas so I could easily see myself going back there I currently own two Hyundai so I am partial to both of these brands I could see myself owning either one if you wanted better acceleration and better braking and better MPGs perhaps the pilot is going to be the one that you're looking for but in the end the palisade wins in the category of pricing being it starts at six thousand dollars less than the pilot has more cargo space a better warranty better safety better tech and better interior quality as well and I didn't even mention the three years of complementary maintenance with the Palisade as well so for the first three years you don't have to pay for oil changes tire rotations things like that but anyways let me know what you guys think between these two let me know what you would pick in the comment section below that is about it for this one you guys thank you so much for watching feel free to follow me on social media at the bottom of the screen if you want to see what's coming next on the channel before it actually gets to youtube be sure to hit the subscribe and the bell notification button if you're in a new car reviews that is what we do here on this channel after all do appreciate you guys watching more than you know and I will see you guys all in the next video stay gold


Hello, welcome to this special Cube Conversation in Palo Alto, California. I'm John Furrier, host of theCUBE. We have a special conversation news update with Elation, Sadian Sangani, CEO, co-founder of Elation is here, ninth appearance on theCUBE, 2017 is when it all began. Congratulations on the big news. I'll let you say the news. Let's get into it. Big week this week, it's the data week I call Databricks, Snowflake, both having an event. Great stuff. But yeah, the data week is probably what we ought to be calling it. It should be a new national global holiday. But of course, great to be here, John. It's great to see you as always. I can't believe it's been nine times, but over so many years, it's not surprising. The news for us is that this week, during data week, we've been named by Snowflake to be the data governance partner of their year. This is the third time that we've received the award in a row. We've also this week been named Databricks' data governance partner of the year, which means for likely the two biggest companies in data, we are their number one data governance partner. And I think it doesn't take a lot to believe or realize that that means we're probably the best data governance partner to both customers and the ecosystem in the space. And that's super exciting for us to get that recognition and it's recognition that we intend to build on. It's a huge honor. Those companies are very well established. Snowflake also went public. Databricks is still private, still but a huge valuation. Big news there with their data lake house, having an LLM, a generative AI functionality just recently acquired Mosaic, ML. The traction towards data products, data applications is here. You guys have been there from the beginning and I remember your early conversations here in theCUBE. I'd like you to share that and introduce a list of the folks that might not know the history or what you guys do. Why the success? Take a minute to introduce the company. Yeah, so we found a relation in 2012 and when we found the company, we basically said, look there's a lot of data out there that people don't understand. So what we felt like we needed to do was to move past the old traditional paradigms of metadata management and metadata as a term and really start talking about search and discovery in the context of data. And so the thing that we built was a data catalog and that data catalog was not unlike catalogs that you have in your real life like Yelp and LinkedIn and Amazon. We took those concepts and then we extended them to basically deliver an experience that allows people to find, understand and now govern their data at scale. And since then we've been really true to our fundamental North Star as you pointed out. We really care about one thing which is enabling people to be curious and rational and to be able to answer their questions through the lens of data. Now, that's a really complicated problem but I think in this world where artificial intelligence is taking over and where data is really the competitive differentiation for most organizations, it is a North Star that has really served us really well but much more critically served our customers and the world really well. Well, congratulations on the award winning the data governance piece of it as partner of the year for Snowflake for three years is huge. And now this year with Databricks the first time there and this probably will continue. I want to ask you to get your thoughts on this because governance has come up a lot in this generative AI conversation because you're seeing the developer get involved, data becoming much more part of the company's applications where governance is still needed but they need agility and also predictability in the data. So you're kind of been doing that work on the hard side for years building that governance layer. Now you got Snowflake and Databricks and others looking at kind of this kind of Cambrian explosion of applications. It's not only just democratization it's also the value creation coming out of the data. Could you share your thoughts and vision on where the governance goes next here as you're going to have a presence at both Snowflake conference as well as the Databricks data plus AI event. The history here is really funny, John because when we found the company people thought of us initially as a search and discovery engine and that search and discovery capability was sort of our first love and really consistent with what we were trying to do which was to get people empowered with data. The next problem that came up though was that people really needed to build trust and data and as you know, traditionally when people talk about data governance it has been this massive top down initiative where people have required large teams of data stewards lots of change in business policy lots of change in business behavior as expected and there's a whole bunch of hardwired workflows that are built in order to enable this governance which really attained very limited value. And so when we started building a governance solution really well back in 2017 we really took a different approach to the market and we said, look most of these initiatives are not very successful what we needed the governance that is federated in format really consistent with these ideas of data fabric and much more critically data mesh. And so what do we mean by this federated governance? What we mean is that not all of the organization should be required to adopt all of the policies all at the same time that to get success in governance you have to look at it as an ongoing discipline and one where different teams, different data organizations and different data assets can be able to apply different levels of governance as and when and where needed. And we found that that approach requires a totally different technology architecture and a totally different software paradigm and that's what we're seeing take place. Now, to get to the second point of generative AI obviously taking that federated approach which gets to much more success gets you to this world where federated or generative AI and AI is much more possible because now you have much better data off of what you can run all of these different AI and algorithms. And step zero is get that governance federation up and running. Step one is get the AI apps going. I got to ask you because this is a key point in what we're seeing. I've been asking many entrepreneurs and also VCs and also big cloud players the question which comes first the application development of generative AI or the infrastructure data infrastructure to run on it. And they said both but more heavily on the development side right now the running it cannot be ignored has to be discussed. That's some of the interplay between the foundational infrastructure you need to set up the app. So I have to ask you with respect to generative AI what role does elation play in helping organizations successfully adopt and train some of the generative data models. If you have the foundation, what role do you play? This is the hottest conversation this week at both events. So any software, any model starts somewhere. You've got to start with a set of assumptions and a set of information. You've got to then build the model which tells the computer how to treat that information. And then you get some output. That's all software that's ever been built or made. So that's not very different. And I completely agree that you start with the application you have to start with the end business purpose and work backwards. If you have a customer forecasting model that forecast, which are your best customers, you want to start with a limited set of customer data. You want to build a model. You want to get success. You want to improve it over time. And improving it might mean that you have to improve the underlying data infrastructure. So no arguments there. I think all of us see the world in the same way. But if you want to use data well, if you want to build AI at scale or even at limited scale, you need great data.  And so what we like to say at elation is that trusted AI needs and requires trusted data. And if you think about that then, how do you get trusted data at scale? Well, you need data governance. You need people who can know that the data that they're leveraging is compliant, is of high quality, is secure, is going to comply with the various regulations that are out there. And if you have that data, you're going to be able to run much faster and you're going to be able to get much better results. And so it stands to reason that every single company that's trying to do AI is really also trying to clean up their data infrastructure at the exact same time. As Bill Walsh said, the famous football coach for the San Francisco 49ers, when asked why he's so successful, he says, I just take care of the inputs. The scoreboard takes care of itself. If you do that right on the input, the score and everything else in the outcome happens. And this is kind of what you're getting at here. And this is a key focus for figuring out how to architect data. It's almost like a, it feels like cloud solution architect meets the data world.  What's your thoughts on that? Do you see the same thing? Or what is the relation doing in this area? How are you talking to customers? There seems to be a lot of movement going on to, as you said, scale, trusted scale they want, but scaling up their data seems harder to me right now for companies to get their arms around. What's your thoughts? Yeah, it's an interesting question. Perfect is often the enemy of the good in this space because what ends up happening is people say, well, look, I need data governance. And when people think about data governance, they think about a lot of different things. They think about securing their data or ensuring their data is of high quality or making sure their data is appropriately mastered or making sure they have the right retention policies around the data or making sure that it's adequately described and stewarded. And all of those are great and laudable goals. And where people fall down often is they look at that and they say, wow, that's just this massive exercise. And if I'm going to do this, gosh, it's going to be super costly. And I don't necessarily know how to approach this problem and where do I go and start? And so when they start with these initiatives, often what'll happen is they've got really big aspirations and then they find that because the organization doesn't have the time or the patients are fundamentally the resources to accomplish all of these things, they'll not just scale it down to what they can accomplish right now, but it's something much more minimal and they'll feel like the initiative has failed. And that's really the challenge is, how do you then take on the right level of scope so you can use that as an accelerant to get to the next milestone and to build even greater heights or two even greater heights than you would otherwise initially imagined. And so what we find when we're talking to our customers often is that they're asking us questions like, what do I do? Where do I start? How do I get to success? How do I measure that success? And how do I build to get to the next milestone? And that is really why our federated approach helps so much and makes so much sense for many of our customers because they don't try to boil the ocean as many have tried to do in the past. The other thing too I want to highlight and get your thoughts on is being the data governance partner of the year is interesting, right? I mean, data governance to be a partner of the year, that means you have to be enabling some value in an ecosystem, say Snowflake, third year in a row, Databricks first year, both companies are building ecosystems. So being a partner in those ecosystems, data governance is not just a checkbox, it's an enabler, which you guys have done. Could you share your thoughts on how that plays out in an ecosystem? What's it like to be a partner of the year? What makes that happen? What are some of the dynamics? Every one of these companies that are at some level of scale, that's true, this is true of Databricks, this is true of Snowflake, and this is certainly true of Elation, where we ourselves are trying to and continuing to build a platform and an ecosystem are really trying to differentiate on multiple levelers with these relationships. The first and most obvious one is the product. If the products don't work together in a seamless fashion, you can make all of the claims that you want to on the sales and marketing side. I can get up on theCUBE as many times as our marketing team would permit me, it wouldn't make a difference to customer outcomes. Ultimately, the products have to work together. So in the Snowflake case, we've built an initial integration starting with their partner connect capability. And from there, we built a massive integration with their governance capability on top of the baseline integration that we had before. From there today, what we're announcing is that we're also giving customers the ability to have Snowflake partner capabilities for our data quality integrations and initiatives, also Snowflake capabilities for our connected sheet integration. And so what you see is us continuing to, on an evergreen basis, innovate and deliver more and more integration on top of that Snowflake architecture. On the Databricks side, you'd see the exact same thing. We recently announced that we would integrate with and have integrated with their Unity catalog. And on top of that are now today announcing that we are integrating on top of their partner connect capability, so that literally customers can click on a single button and get a deployment of a relation working with Databricks at a single click. And so that's the kind of innovation that customers expect. So it starts with product, but beyond that, you've also got to be a great partner in the field, which means one first and foremost, you've got to have great successful scale of customer implementations. I'm proud to tell you that we've got over a hundred integrations live in the field with both Snowflake and Databricks, individually as companies. And then on top of that, your sales people have to know and understand what the value proposition is and to be able to communicate that to customers. And so we really integrate at all three levels and are constantly working to make it better and better and better, just like you would with any partnership, right? With any marriage or with any friendship, you're constantly trying to figure out how to help your friend and how to take their help. And we're trying to do the exact same thing. And they're needing you to be accountable for your product, working well with them and vice versa. It's give and take back and forth, good stuff. I was going to ask you to put a plug in for some of the news. You're going to be at Snowflake Summit and the Databricks data plus AI event, ones in San Francisco, ones in Vegas, the cubes here at both. What's the story? What will be sharing at the booth? You got the news out there. What other things are you talking about at the event at Snowflake Summit and Databricks? Take a minute to explain what's going on at the events here. First and foremost, we're going to be talking about Elation as a data intelligence platform and how we can help organizations scale getting more intelligence from their data. And there are multiple use cases. The most obvious and traditional ones are self-service analytics. Obviously we're going to be talking about data governance. More recently, we've been talking a ton about AI enabling AI for the enterprise. And so those core use cases are going to be really the front and center of what we're demonstrating and what we're talking about to customers. In both summits, we've got great customers who are going to get up on talk about their experiences with Elation in sessions that are now, to my knowledge, completely booked and sold out. So if you can get into one of those sessions, I'd encourage you to do so. If you can't get into one of those sessions, then I'd encourage you to come to one of our demonstrations at the booth where you can hear all about the products at Snowflake that's booth 2320 on the show floor. And frankly, even if you don't remember that number 2320, you should be able to find us because the presence is going to be pretty large. And then at Databricks, you're going to be able to find us at booth 529. Again, that's booth 529. So come and look for us, come and find us, come and watch our customers in action. And learn a ton about what we are doing, both on the product innovation front, but much, much, much more critically on the customer innovation front because really the proof is in their outcomes, not so much in any of the capabilities that we're releasing yesterday, today or in the future. So that's been great to have you on. One minute left, I want to get you to explain again, everyone's talking about LLMs and foundational generative AI models. It's here, it's making data more important for this next gen set of applications. Data products are going to be feeding into applications. So you got the foundational layers that you're building. What does it mean for Elation to help me as a customer? What's the pitch? How can you help me get to that generate AI future? The really interesting thing about all of these generative models is for them to work on scale or at scale for any given enterprise, they have to combine structured data with the semi-structured data that these models are trying to offer. And these models really only understand text or data-like text. And so then what you have to do is actually get the model to really understand that semi-structured data or structured data is actually something that it can consume and replicate at scale. And if you're going to do that, you better make sure that data is right because we've seen all of the implications for these data models gone wrong. I think we all saw that New York Times article where there was that model for Microsoft that was trying to convince a reporter to leave their girlfriends. And that was all based upon hallucinations which can come from really bad data. And so what we're trying to do and it is really inform enterprises that to get these algorithms right, to get these outcomes right, to get these suggestions right, you've got to have data sets that are well-labeled, well-described and of high quality. And if you can have those things, you can get some really impressive and amazing outcomes. But without those things, you're not going to be able to get to any level of scale success. Good inputs, good prompts, good tuning, clean data, has better outcomes than data that isn't elation. Congratulations, South Indian. Really, really proud to see you guys so successful. You've been there early. You did all the work, hard work. And again, three Pete award for data governance partner of the year at Snowflake and first year with Databricks. Congratulations on being named data governance partner of the year, multiple years in a row with Snowflake and this year at Databricks. Congratulations. Thank you, John. It's always fun to be on theCUBE and it's always great to see you and look forward to doing more work and seeing you soon again. Keep riding the wave. We've got more AI coming. It's only going to make data more and more important. This is the CUBE's conversation news update with elation. Big time news here, data week. You have Snowflake summit and then Databricks data was going head to head and a variety of satellite other events like trend of AI, data, foundational services, all happening more and more here at Data Week. Thanks for watching.


We claim that it is the most efficient means of attacking this port part of the force velocity curve. You mess with it for a little bit. It comes pretty quick. Oh, here you go. Fight it. Fight it. Fight it. Put the brakes on and fight it. Use those stabilizers to keep the core nice and tight. There you go. Drive all the way through here. Keep right on driving. Fight it all the way back. All the way back. All the way back. All the way back. Nice. Good. Lats and buys. Lats and buys. Bring those elbows down to the floor. Big pull. Big pull. Big pull. Chin up. Chin up. Chin up. That's it. Good. Just like that. Just like that. Good. Fight it. Fight through this fatigue here. Fight through the fatigue. Good. Come on down. Come on down. Come on down. I'm glad that the 21 convention had us here. Efficient exercise had me here and allowed us to unveil this thing to the world here at the 21 convention. It's been fantastic, guys. I appreciate you having me here.


Good afternoon, everybody. I'm Tommy O'Brien, coming to you live from TFNN headquarters in St. Petersburg, Florida, 2 p.m. Eastern time on Monday, two hours left to go on the trading day. We've got a pretty calm market out there, markets hanging in negative territory. Dow Jones, negative 23 points, trading at $26,389. We've got the S&Ps, negative by 3 points, trading at $29.04, NASDAQ, negative by 22 points, trading at $79.62, and the Russell right now, negative by 6 points. We're trading at $15.78. We start off the update this afternoon, checking in on the VIX, and as we've seen in this market, creep back to close to flat territory VIX, $12.57. Quite a number, very low volatility, as you would expect in this market. Let's jump over the futures. We'll jump through some of these charts. We'll start it off with the Dow. We trade lower from most of the day until right about noon. We make a low in the Dow, $26,317. We're now approaching about 100 points from that level, climbing $23,000, excuse me, $26,390. NASDAQ 100, pretty similar chart. This morning, we're up there at high $76.57. NASDAQ 100, trades down to $7,600 on the dot, makes it $75.99, and from there, we bounce $76.36 on the NASDAQ 100. S&Ps trade lower from the morning as well. Lows at $10.45, back down there, right at around noon, pretty much around $2,901. S&Ps currently trading $2,908. Crude oil volatility as well. We're up there at a high of $63.87, just after 10 a.m. this morning. We trade down to $63.20 at about $11.30, and currently sitting at $63.52. Gold contract, catching a bit of a bid from $9.30. We trade from $12.85, up to $12.93. Gold sitting at $12.91.26, and Euro-US Dollar trading $1.1302. In terms of earnings season, we're in it. Citigroup, this morning, earnings beat expectations amid buybacks, but revenues fall. Goldman, pretty much the same story as they beat on estimates for a first quarter profit while the market's impacted revenue. We'll see what happens when in terms of what impacted what, but nonetheless, Goldman Sachs, down 2.9%, quite a number of city, down, I was going to say, getting a bit of a bid down barely, negative only $0.04. We get some of the other banks for the rest of this week, Morgan Stanley, down almost 1%, Bank of America down just more than 1%, and tomorrow, we get Netflix, down 2.2%, extending those losses from Friday. Stay tuned, folks. Dave White coming up right now, we got a treat. Steve Rhodes live at 3 o'clock, and Dave White back at 4. Have a great Monday, everybody. It's amazing to think that Tom O'Brien started his weekly Gold Report 17 years ago, with the first issue published April 7, 2002, when Gold was trading at under $300 per ounce. Gold peaked at more than $1,900 in 2011, and after spending many years consolidating at lower prices, Gold may be poised for its next big run. Tom O'Brien publishes his weekly Gold Report every Monday morning for subscribers, consisting of coverage of the XAU, HUI, GDX, the Dollar, Bonds, South African Rand, as well as 25 different mining equities with specific buy-sell recommendations. As of April 1 of this year, the Gold Report currently has 8 active positions, with an average unrealized profit of almost 8%.


Everyone, Shaper 1000 here and Thank you 1000 Look at what we got Cheetos Macaroni and cheese This is the Flamin' Hot This is what we're going to be reviewing today This is what I've been waiting for So What it looks like on the back Ready, Monk? Yup Alright, let's get into this The nutrition facts and the Um Instructions Then we'll cook it Alright, stick around guys Alright, so Like I said, this is what we're doing We're doing the The Flamin' Hot Like I said, I did a review on the The chips The Cheetos I didn't even know they made Macaroni and cheese Until recently So Here's the nutrition facts See if I can get it to focus for you Lighting's not right, apparently Well, I'm not sure what's going on With this camera right now But for some reason I can't get it to fit there Uh, I'm sorry guys I don't know what's going on here Give me a second There you go, I don't know if you can see that But I don't know what's going on Just so I can't make a video ever Without something stupid going on So Spicy, cheesy, and Oh, so easy to love Made with authentic cheesiness I'll check Made with authentic Cheetos brand cheesiness Okay, we're going to do the There is microwave instructions here But we're not going to be using them Because we're just going to do the stove top method But if you buy these, yes You can make them into microwave The Instructions are on the side panel there Now on the back Again, we're going to need two tablespoons of butter or margarine Six cups of water, that's to boil the noodles in Quarter cup of milk So Cook it on the stove Stove top cooking directions Boil at least six cups of water on high In a medium saucepan, stir in pasta Cook for seven minutes or until tender Stirring occasionally Then you're going to drain the pasta Do not rinse it They don't want you to rinse it And return to pan Add two tablespoons of butter or margarine And let it fully melt Add a quarter cup of milk And the seasoning Mix well And serve warm Okay Says Also try a cheetos double dare Hmm Top your flaming hot mac With some cheetos Flaming hot crunchy Cheetos Mac hat Yeah, so Yeah We may have to try that So you put this in and then you buy a bag of cheetos You get your flaming hot cheetos And put them together Ah There it is That'd be a nice snack Yeah, and you just You know You just put it on the top I suppose you can crunch it up or whatever That will be an upcoming video We'll try it on the next one See how that works out Sure So anyway, guys Let's get some water on boil I won't boil you with that It's no fun Everyone knows it's not fun watching water boil So we're going to go ahead and get this boiled up For seven minutes I'm going to be stirring occasionally And then we'll bring you back here And we'll mix this up and give it a shot So stick around guys, right? Yep Tell them Tell them Stick around guys Stick around guys, we'll be right back I didn't tell you to tell them we'll be right back See, she doesn't listen I put it in my own twist Your own twist? Yeah We'll be right back guys Okay, guys, so I got my two tablespoons of butter here Yeah, I know, you cut it up It'll melt quicker Whatever, I don't care So We're going to We're going to get this melted And I'll chop it up But I also want to tell you this one Is 5.6 ounces Which is 160 grams Right there There you go All right That'll look good because Anyway It's very red You'll see it when we dump it in here in a minute So I'm going to get this Melted fully Which, yes, you have to Because that would be one clump A big clump of cheese there Ooh I'll be right back Okay, so now Comes the cheese Ooh, look at that That's really red Smell that It smells identical to the The chips, the cheetos Crunchies It smells identical We've got a quarter cup of milk here Again, guys, you can add More butter or less butter More milk or less milk The reason why I do this Is because That's what The instructions say to do Wow, look at where it's getting Can you smell that Yeah Can you smell what the shea bear is cooking Okay, guys, so we're going to mix this up real good We'll get it divvied up And then we'll give it a shot Hang tight Okay, guys We have it dished out Yeah, it's like red as your shirt Yeah, it's so flaming hot It's already flaming Dinky-dunk Here we go, guys Oh, it's hot There's a little bit of warmth in this one, guys Yes If you don't like hot hot You won't like it Let's say a heat scale from One to five Five being hot is probably three and a half Oh, for me?  What's your numbers? A four Four to five Two thumbs up Still pretty good Again, I'm going all out I'm going five stars Two thumbs up Because it is hot But that's mixed back I mean, it says flaming hot Anyway, right? But it's not overwhelming at all It is hot but not I think it's pretty smooth It works out pretty good So yeah, guys So stay tuned for more videos We still got the The noodles What is it? The garlic chicken? Spicy garlic chicken or something The noodles Still got those to do And then we will try The sprinkle loose Yeah I think I got some upper But they may be stale Yeah, I think I got some upper But they're probably stale But, so anyway Stay tuned for more videos One of them is going to be Pretty much for gear heads But what's wrong with your tractor? It's pup putting It's pup putting It's fine, doing it But when you're mowing What's it doing? Yeah, it's backfiring through the exhaust I'm thinking we got a valve issue It really popped once Oh, it got scared It's building up fuel when the exhaust And because it's not sealing all the way And then when it hits a fire stroke And it's not sealed all the way Not only does it backfire But it will backfire that gas Out of your muffler too Build up fuel in there Yeah, it's backfiring like crazy through the exhaust So, I'm thinking it's Something in the valve So we got to pull the heads off I already got gaskets and valve seals for that thing But We got to pull the heads off See what's going on there But it's supposed to rain all week So I don't know when we can get to that So the grass is cut so it'll be ready for a little bit Yeah So anyway, thanks for watching guys I appreciate any videos you got coming up For them to go check out On your channel Not right this second Okay, do you have any coming up For your channel That you might want to mention I have some soon I don't know yet Well, I guess you just got to keep going back to her channel And check Yes Yeah, I'm not regular either I don't just like once a week Every Thursday, every Friday No, that's because I upload More than one video Yeah, you do So, you know, like some days I'll upload Sometimes I'll upload three videos in a day And take a couple days off But, you know, I mean Like make a video And then not do nothing for two months Right It's been three years I can't give viewers that way So, go check her channel out And Give her a shout out in the hauler And say, what's up, Monk? And we're going to finish our Supper It's a quarter till ten Not supper It's a snack Okay, well I'm going to finish my supper Because I haven't had anything since lunch So it's been nine hours 45 minutes since I ate Someone eat this and them probably Want to have that last piece of lasagna It turned out pretty good I did a video on it once where It wasn't as big as normal Usually I make it, it's 32 pounds Yeah, you made a small one But it was very good I just made a small one, I think Because usually that's three or four days But I made it last night And we have one piece left Because I had some lunch And they had some for lunch Wow, dinner Okay, well they ate some Split hairs You ate yours on lunchtime We ate ours on dinner Anyway, it was eaten So I'm going to finish this Because this is awesome Another bite Very good I think my favorite though Even though they both get five stores I think my favorite is the Jalapeno one Maybe the The regular one I love hot food Hot and spicy stuff, but not all the time Not every day I like the Jalapeno one Jalapeno is very good But this still gets five stars Because for me But yeah Very good, alright Like it's a stop for now, bye y'all Alright, thanks for watching guys Don't forget to check our channel out We'll see you in the next one Bye bye guys, take care Bye What was that? I don't know, I hope it was a moth Because it wasn't a baby bat But that thing was moving


Welcome to the U.S. Naval War College, the Navy's home of thought. NWC Talks features our world-class experts examining national security matters. We hope you enjoy the conversation. We scholars, we policymakers, when it comes to talking about Asia, tend to focus and be drawn toward the U.S.-China relationship or perhaps the U.S.-North Korea relationship. However, there is a region of Asia that doesn't get enough attention despite the amount of risks emanating from that, and that is Southern Asia, or more specifically the interaction between China, India, and Pakistan. All three are nuclear-armed states. All three are developing new kinds of ways of delivering nuclear weapons that they will naturally learn about in terms of their operation through trial and error. And Pakistan and India in particular have a record of several wars fought against each other, including a war and a near-crisis fought against each other after they both developed nuclear weapons. So my talk today is going to focus on nuclear Southern Asia and why this is such a risky area, why it deserves more attention, and why I should be watching it closely. I'm Dr. Frank O'Donnell, postdoctoral fellow in the National Security Affairs Department, and this is NWC Talks. On February 14, 2019, a suicide car bomber struck and killed over 40 Indian paramilitary forces in the disputed region of Kashmir. This region has disputed ownership between India and Pakistan and is one of the causes of their long-standing rivalry, and this long-standing rivalry has featured several wars between both states. The attack was conducted by Jayashin Mohamed, an anti-India terrorist group based in Pakistan, and following this attack, his tensions rose between the two nuclear armed rivals. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi vowed a forceful response. This response came on February 26, with 12 Indian Mirage bombers crossing the line of control. This is the de facto border between Indian administered and Pakistan administered Kashmir. This is the first time that Indian forces had crossed the line of control since the 1971 war. And what's particularly significant about this operation is that the Mirage model is used elsewhere in India's armed force for nuclear missions, for nuclear strike missions. And the formation of having 12 of them with four protective fighters is extremely similar to the kind of formation that would be used for a nuclear strike. These bombers crossed the line of control into Pakistan administered Kashmir and launched conventional missiles into Pakistan itself. He's allegedly destroyed Pakistan militant training camps. We could already see significant escalation. And in terms of how quickly the escalation rose, the very next day on February 27, there was a Pakistani counter-strike. Pakistan fighters crossed the line of control into Indian administered Kashmir and managed to lure Indian fighters back across the line of control into a trap where the Indian fighters were gunned down. However, by freak accident, an Indian pilot was captured alive. In response to this, and again you can see how quickly this is happening, Prime Minister Modi threatens Pakistan by saying, I have 12 missiles ready to be launched unless you return that pilot immediately, peacefully, and alive. Modi does not specify whether these missiles are nuclear or conventional. And so what we can see here is that both sides were playing a high-stakes game of guessing at each other's threshold for when they would use nuclear weapons. So India in launching what appears to be very close to an air-nuclear strike formation against Pakistan is making ultimately an educated guess that Pakistan will not proceed this as being a nuclear attack and respond accordingly. Pakistan in launching its own air strike against it into Indian Ministry Kashmir is making a similar calculation that this will not lead to dangerous escalation. And when Modi threatens Pakistan by saying, I have 12 missiles ready to be launched, he's calculating that this will not lead to similar Pakistani nuclear threats or potential escalation. So this is this high-stakes game of breakmanship being played in real time as the world watched nervously. Luckily, the crisis ended peacefully. On the 1st of March, Pakistani Prime Minister returns. The captured Indian pilot alive back to India. While this crisis ended peacefully, this was only the latest crisis between the two nuclear-armed states, while China is also becoming gradually more strategically involved in the region. This is a region that back in 2000, President Clinton called the most dangerous place in the world. And as we can see, things don't look much more stable today. So what is going on in nuclear South Asia and why should you watch closely? I'll answer that question by talking through the recent strategic developments of the three nuclear states in the region, India, Pakistan and China. And then I'll wrap up by suggesting how these nuclear states can reduce the risks of a conflict spinning out of control between them. India conducted nuclear tests, nuclear detonations in 1998 and proclaimed itself a nuclear weapons state. It said that it would have a posture of credible minimum deterrence. It would not seek a kind of nuclear force that's larger than all of its adversaries, but instead one that was small enough to be able to deter that of its adversaries. And it would also have a doctrine of no first use, that it would not be the first to use nuclear weapons in conflict, but would only use them in retaliation to an adversary's first nuclear attack. In 2003, I paled this doctrine in a new doctrinal statement, although watered it down slightly by stating that India reserved the right to use nuclear weapons in response to a chemical or biological attack, as well as a nuclear one. India's two main rivals are Pakistan and China and has unsettled border disputes with both parties, which as we just saw with this crisis can flare up, can inflame India's general threat perceptions and which can inform its own nuclear force planning. And in recent years, we've seen both credible minimum deterrence and no first use be challenged. With credible minimum deterrence, India has now inducted its Agni-5 missile, its most sophisticated longest range missile yet, that is able to reach, for the first time, the Chinese East Coast metropolises of Beijing and Shanghai. And now that it's able to reach the entirety of the Chinese mainland and the Pakistani mainland, you would think that this would be all that it needed in terms of its nuclear reach. However, it is still intent on building further reaching missiles such as the Agni-6. This begins to call into question whether or not we can still talk about India as following a posture of credible minimum deterrence. It's also developing seaborne nuclear weapons, nuclear armed submarines, in a context in which the maritime boundaries that it has with Pakistan and also with China are still unclear. This raises real risks of a nuclear armed vessel of one state coming into conventional conflict being challenged by a conventional vessel of another, leading to escalation risk. India's no first use policy is also coming under increasing debate in recent years. This has reached the level of India's then serving Minister of Defense and also two members of India's nuclear command chain, as well as a wide range of retired senior defense and nuclear decision makers. That is saying that it's time to move away from no first use and that India should have a first use policy. And finally, in its own conventional preparedness, India is building a ground force strategy called Cold Start, which intends to cross the border between India and Pakistan to seize tracks of Pakistani territory and again making an educated guess that this will not prompt significant Pakistani escalation. While its air force is also interested in attacking significant Pakistan's strategic targets, such as nuclear bases, in which the recent crisis and the recent air force strike will show to them is technically possible. So what we see here is the bottom line is that there's a greater Indian interest in flexibility and having greater ambiguity regarding what it might do in the next conventional or nuclear crisis. And this isn't really a positive development. This really elevates the risk of a crisis spinning out of control. As with this greater ambiguity, Pakistan or China may misread what India is doing. Turning now to Pakistan. India is Pakistan's primary strategic rival and Pakistan has a close defense partnership with China. Pakistan has developed nuclear weapons following its experience of the 1971 war in which India helped in uprising in what was then East Pakistan to help permanently divide it from West Pakistan and become the new independent state of Bangladesh. After 1971, Pakistan's leaders vowed that this can never be allowed to happen again. This risk of India invading again to perhaps you take even more of Pakistan's territory and they judged that having the bomb will stop and deter India from further such actions. In recent years, Pakistan has also helped cultivate and has a semi independent relationship from major terrorist groups on its own soil such as Lashkar-e-Taiba or Rajesh-e-Mohammed which we just saw is conducting the attack earlier this year. Use of these terrorist actors is seen by many experts in South Asia and outside as really the most likely escalatory cause of a war between India and Pakistan. Pakistan has a first use policy. Unlike India, it will not hesitate to be the first to use nuclear weapons in a conventional conflict and its own nuclear posture is growing towards what's called full spectrum deterrence in which we'll have a tailored nuclear capability for each potential level of conventional war with India. Most infamously, this includes the Nasser tactical ballistic missile which only has a range of 70 kilometers and which is intended to stop Indian conventional cross-border attack dead by nuclearizing it at that point in time. Pakistan, despite its feelings of vulnerability, however, already has a numerical warhead superiority to India and only has India really to worry about in terms of its nuclear targeting. It has an India specific targeting strategy. India is its primary nuclear threat. However, despite this superiority, it is still increasing its warhead count and still developing new delivery vehicles. Furthermore, it's extending its nuclear competition with India to the sea involving developing its own seaborne nuclear forces. Like with regard to India and its own seaborne forces, this does raise again the risk of Pakistan nuclear forces coming into contact with Indian conventional forces and vice versa given that these are being introduced into maritime environments where their boundaries are not clear and are disputed between each side. There are bigger concerns with regard to Pakistan's nuclear forces and how these relate to the fact that there are powerful terrorist actors operating on Pakistan's soil, some of whom are not friendly to the Pakistan government, such as the Pakistani Taliban. There are concerns that there could be terrorist attacks upon Pakistan military bases, including those holding Pakistan nuclear warheads or upon Pakistan nuclear forces themselves and that these attacks could include insider help and within Pakistan's military. So as we're seeing with regard to Pakistan and its nuclear force developments, the pathways to a new crisis continue to grow. Lastly, a look at China. And China is the big challenge that U.S. foreign policymakers and many scholars of Asia are concerned with. We're concerned with China with regard to the economy, to global governance, to the U.S. relationship with Japan, with South Korea, with Taiwan, to the South China Sea. However, it also plays a big and increasing role in Southern Asia. The relationship of Chinese deterrents, nuclear deterrents to that of Indian Pakistan, however, isn't as simple as that in the Cold War. In the Cold War, we had the U.S. and the USSR, which saw each other as their primary nuclear threats and measured their nuclear arsenals against each other. And with regard to China and India and Pakistan, the deterrents relationship is better talked of as being a strategic chain, as a recent Brookings Institute report called it. China's primary threat is the United States. And it developed its nuclear posture really around the U.S. and what it proceeds to be the U.S.'s own nuclear intentions against China. It doesn't pay much attention to what India is doing with regard to its own nuclear forces. However, India watches very closely what China does in response to what the U.S. is doing and sees this as being directed against India. And India undertakes its own nuclear posture and expansions with regard to that. Pakistan, for its own part, watches what India is doing partly with an eye toward China, as we've just seen, and sees this as being directed against Pakistan. So rather than this being kind of a symmetrical relationship, as we saw in the Cold War, what we have is kind of a cascading effect. However, within China, there are shifting views of what India's nuclear force means for China's deterrence and what the real degree of Indian nuclear threat is toward China. Interviews with Chinese officials and experts have confirmed that, at least at this official expert level, that there is a real concern with India potentially reaching parity or symmetry with China's nuclear forces in terms of arsenal size or capability. And multiple of these officials and experts have said that they would not permit this to happen and that they don't see Beijing policy makers as allowing this to happen. What that means is that if China sees India is getting closer to India, to China's own nuclear arsenal in size, China would upscale its nuclear arsenal to prevent that happening and India may be compelled to follow suit. So while there isn't really a direct interactive bilateral symmetrical China-India arms race, there could be in the years to come. China is also feeling its own nuclear arms submarines with the same kind of dangerous effects we've talked about. And it's also devoting increasing resources to Pakistan in terms of both civilian and military personnel and Pakistan administered Kashmir and Pakistan with regard to its one belt, one road, developmental project. This poses real complications for India in the next India-Pakistan crisis because if India conducts further kinds of physical force attacks, they could inadvertently strike and injure or kill Chinese nationals, whether they be civilian or military, that are positioned in Pakistan administered Kashmir or Pakistan. And so this creates a greater risk of crisis initiation between China and India with regard to nuclear Southern Asia and also a greater risk of entanglement in which China might get drawn into an existing crisis through India perhaps targeting Chinese forces by mistake. So what recommendations do I have to help stabilize this situation? The first is that the three capitals have to undertake strategic dialogue with regard to finding ways to discuss scenarios of potential escalation, to discuss what their strategic perceptions are of each other and to develop kinds of confidence-building measures and certain playbooks around how to reduce tensions in the next crisis so that they all get a better sense of strategic perceptions and how they perceive each other. This can avoid the kind of miscalculation that we've seen there being a greater risk of. Secondly, there has to be greater US involvement and awareness of how its own nuclear policy affects all of this. So US hawkish nuclear rhetoric, hawkish nuclear policies toward China does encourage China to upgrade its own nuclear arsenal to increase in its size, to increase in its survivability, which has that cascading effect, which gives India a greater sense of nuclear threat from China and which then gives Pakistan a greater sense of nuclear threat from India. Thirdly, the US government has to begin developing contingency planning for the most likely crisis scenarios that might emerge in the next crisis in Southeast Asia and how the US will respond to them. So it has a playbook ready to go when the crisis happens. The most recent crisis, as we saw in February, was extremely fast-moving. The Indian Air Force strike took place on February 26. The Pakistani Air Force strike takes place the very next day. There has to be contingency planning so that the US is prepared and ready to go when the next crisis happens. And finally, for you watching, simply watch this space. The strategic story of the 21st century will likely be decided in Asia and how all these issues play out in Southern Asia will play a big part of that. Thank you for spending a few minutes with me today. I am Dr. Frank O'Donnell, post-doc drill fellow in the National Security Affairs Department, and this has been NWC Talks.